Price $1.00Per Year ftbe mniperatt^ of CbicaooFOUNDED BY JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER Single Copies5 Centsniversity. RecordPUBLISHED BY AUTHORITYCHICAGOVOL IV, NO. 20. PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY AT 3:00 P.M. AUGUST 18, 1899.Entered in the post office Chicago. Illinois, as second-class matter.CONTENTS.I. Official Notices - - - - -II. The University Elementary SchoolIII. The Calendar -. - - - - 113113-115115Official Notices.The Final Examination of Sidney C. Newsom forthe degree of M.Ai was held Friday, August 11, at4: 00 p.m., in Room D 3, Cobb Hall. Principal subject,English. Thesis : " William Hazlitt as a Critic."Committee : Professors Manly, Shepardson, Schmidt-Wartenberg, and all other members of the departmentsimmediately concerned.The Final Examination of Elizabeth LaetitiaMoon for the degree of Ph.D. was held Monday,August 14, at 3: 00 p.m., in Room 31, Haskell Museum.Principal subject, Comparative Religion ; secondarysubject, Sociology. Thesis : " Ideas of Future Lifeamong the Algonkins." Committee : Professors Good-speed and A. W. Small, Dr. Schwill, and other members of the departments immediately concerned.The Final Examination of Frederick Ernest 'Beck-.mann for the degree of Ph.D. will be held Friday,August 25, at 3:00 p.m., in Room B10, Cobb Hall.Principal subject, Romance ; secondary subject, Germanic. Thesis : " Spanish Influences in Eichendorff."Committee : Professor Howland, Dr. von Klenze, Dr.Schwill, and all other members of the departmentsimmediately concerned. Official copies of the University Record for theuse of students may be found in the corridors andhalls of the various buildings in the University quadrangles. Students are requested to make themselvesacquainted with the official actions and notices of theUniversity, as published from week to week in theUniversity Record.The University Elementary School.group VII.[Continuation of work reported in the University Record,November 25, 1898, February 3 and April 21, 1899. Average ageof children, ten years.]With the Spring Quarter the subject in history wasthe discovery and explorations in America, taking upespecially those which opened up and settled theNorthwest. The best available story of the life of eachexplorer was read by the children, then they summedup the chief points and wrote their own record. Thebooks from which these stories were read were leftwhere the children could get them and read furtherif they so desired.The life of Columbus was read first, and the presencein Jackson Park of the models of the " Nina," "Pinta "and " Santa Maria," and of La Rabida, added interestto the story. In the discussion as to the honor dueColumbus for his voyage, the children were at firstpuzzled by the fact that Columbus was not the firstto state his belief in the rotundity of the earth, andpossibly not the first to make the voyage. But whenthey had come to the fact that he was the first to or-114 UNIVERSITY RECORDganize an expedition to prove his theory, while othersonly talked about it, or came to America by chance,they awarded him the highest place as an explorer.De Soto's voyage to the Mississippi was followed onthe map, and from it the children got an idea of thehardships endured by explorers, and some idea of thelife of Indians in the South. Of course, the chiefinterest was shown in the death of De Soto and hisburial in the river he had discovered. Two accountsof the burial were read, one in which the statementwas made that the body was placed in a hollowed-outlog ; another that it was wrapped in a blanket. Apicture was shown in the book containing this lastaccount, in which the artist had left exposed the headand feet of De Soto as his companions were loweringthe body into the river. The children were asked tocriticise this, and at once said that his companionsnever would have buried him that way.The discoveries of the Mississippi from the northwere next studied, and after a brief account of the discovery of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the settlementsat Montreal and Quebec by the French, the voyage ofMarquette and Joliet to the Mississippi was read.Marquette's zeal as a missionary brought in a new motive in enduring the hardships of pioneer life. Hisjournal, written while ill at camp in Chicago, was read.La Salle was next studied as the first to realize thatthe river discovered by De Soto and that mentioned byMarquette and Joliet were the same, and to form theplan of taking possession of the whole Mississippivalley for France. The children drew, on an outlinemap, the routes of each explorer, and located the fortsestablished by La Salle and others up to the time ofthe French and Indian War. Then the boundaries ofFrench, Spanish and English possessions as determined by the treaty of 1763 were noted, and one or twoof the battles which so determined them. To show onwhat basis the American colonies claimed land to theMississippi in the treaty at the close of the Revolutionary War, the campaign of George Rogers Clark wasread.The group has had its garden beds and has plantedand taken care of them as described in the workof the younger groups. Beside the informal instruction in the care and planting of the bed, oneperiod each week has been given to the study of methods of propagation other than by seeds. They havestudied how slips should be cut, and why, have plantedslips, and then transplanted them to the garden.They have discussed propagation by the division ofroots, and divided the "einqf oil" as an example. Intheir discussion of the methods of propagation by slipsthey discussed how this might occur in nature, and studied especially the willow. They found two reasonswhy willows so often grow on the banks of streams, 1)because of the need of water, and 2) because branchesbroken off in a storm could take root in the water andsoil along the edge of the stream.Other work in science has been Physiology. Thework was begun with the processes occurring in thestomach during digestion. The processes were discussed and illustrated by diagrams, then a few experiments were performed with artificial gastric juice.The children were told that gastric juice containedpepsin, acid and rennet. The effect of gastric juicewas tried on a solid food (albumen) and a liquid (milk).How the food passes from the stomach into the intestines, what portion of it is absorbed from the intestinesinto the blood and how, with the functions of theliver and pancreas in intestinal digestion, were subjects discussed.The general subject of the absorption of food wasnext taken up, finding out what condition is necessaryfor absorption, how absorption is accomplished, andthe routes by which the food gets into the blood.The composition of the blood was studied briefly, bytaking up the appearance of the corpuscles, which wereexamined under a microscope. The paths of the circulating blood were next studied — the action of theheart and lungs in respiration, and the changes produced in the blood by respiration.Number work has been connected with problemsarising in various studies. One of these necessitatedthe use of decimals, and as some difficulty was observed in using decimals, the general subject wasreviewed. ¦In cooking, in order to review their work of the yearand get into systematic form the information gainedin connection with their practical work, they preparedrecords for a cook book and classified the differentfoods studied, following about the same outline asgiven for Group VI.* One of the new food principlestaken up by this group was albumen. They were toldthat white of egg was almost pure albumen. Some whiteof egg was dropped in water to note the action of heatupon it, in order to determine how to cook it best. Theclass was told that it was important to note the temperature, but as they had no thermometers, they wereshown how to tell the temperature from the appearance of the water, e. g., at "simmering" temperatureair bubbles appear on the sides of the pan ; at " scalding," the bubbles rise to the surface ; and at "boiling"they are seen to break on the surface. Each childcooked an egg and tried to determine the temperature* See University Record, Vol. IV, No. 16, July 21, 1899.UNIVERSITY RECORD 115and time which would make the egg tender ; then theresults were compared, and the "simmering" temperature decided upon as best, the time being determinedby individual preference as to " hardness " or " softness " of the egg. One period was spent on the generalsubject of care of eggs in shipping. This was foundto be due (aside from the obvious danger of breakingthe shell) to the danger of jarring and thus breakingthe membrane about the yolk, and the fact that, onaccount of the porosity of the shell, water in the eggis evaporated, if the eggs are kept long, and its placetaken by impure air, so that the egg becomes " bad."The yolk of the egg was found to contain oil, and thisprevented its catching the air as the white did whenbeaten. Egg omelet was made.The work in Latin has consisted of oral stories designed chiefly to train the ear to recognize Latin sentences by hearing. These were then written upon theboard, translated and analyzed. When the words andconstruction are thoroughly understood, questions areasked in Latin on the story, which require a slightlychanged construction for reply. Most of the grammaris gained first unconsciously, then put in systematicform. The conjugations are constructed first in thesimple tenses, and the declensions of the simpler formsof the nouns and adjectives are arranged in the individual grammars which the children are making.From time to time all new words learned are collectedand put in their dictionaries.The work in French has consisted largely of conversation about subjects connected with school work.Part of the group has been reading Jeanne d'Arc byde Monvel. Fontaine's La Cigale et la Fourmihas been adapted for their use, and learned in dramatic form. The life of La Salle has been told inFrench, and a history class on the subject of his explorations dramatized. One of the group acted asteacher, asking questions on his object, route and adventures, to which replies are made by the rest ofthe class.The work in sketching has been done chiefly out ofdoors, by taking up practically the same line of workas Group VI.In music, beside the drill in reading and analyzingsongs, songs have been composed on "DecorationDay " and " Fourth of July."Shop work has consisted of stamp boxes, bill filesand pen racks, and in carving the design on the musicbench for the school.In the textile work, baskets were finished and sofacushions made, ornamented with original designs inoutline stitch. The group has had, also, the development of spinning, as reported for the younger children. Calendar.AUGUST 18-25, 1899.Friday, August 18.Chapel -Assembly : Divinity School. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m.Address by Professor E. H. Johnson, of Crozer TheologicalSeminary.University Open Lectures :4:00p.m. "The Ethics of Buddhism and of Christianity."Professor Barrows, Kent Theater.8:00 p.m. " Shakespeare, or Christianity in Poetry." Professor Barrows, Kent Theater.Sunday, August 20.Vesper Service is held in Kent Theater, 4:00 p.m.Professor Barrows: "Buddhism in China and Japan."Monday, August 21.Chapel-Assembly: Junior Colleges. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m. (required of Junior College Students).University Open Lecture :8:00 p.m. "James Russell Lowell, Poet and Patriot." Professor Barrows, Kent Theater.Tuesday, August 22.Chapel- Assembly : Senior Colleges. Chapel, Cobb Hall.10:30 a.m. (required of Senior College Students),University Open Lectures :4 : 00 p.m. " The Right Attitude of Christianity toward Buddhism." Professor Barrows, Kent Theater.4 : 00 p.m " Electricity and Magnetism." Professor Stratton,Lecture Room, Ryerson Hall.8 :00 p.m. " The World of Books, or Musings in My Library."Professor Barrows, Kent Theater.Wednesday, August 23.University Open Lecture :4: 00 p.m. " Some Topics of the Larger Politics: The Mississippi Valley." Professor Judson, CongregationHall, Haskell.Thursday, August 24.Chapel-Assembly: Graduate Schools. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m.University Open Lecture :4 : 00 p.m. " Electricity and Magnetism." Professor Stratton,Ryerson Lecture Room.Friday, August 25.Chapel-Assembly : Divinity School. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m.University Open Lecture :4 : 00 p.m. " The World State." Professor Judson, Congregation Hall, Haskell.Final Examination of F. E. Beckmann for the degreeof Ph.D., 3: 00 p.m., B 10, Cobb Hall (see p. 113).University RecordEDITED BY THE UNIVERSITY RECORDERTHE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF£foe TRnipersits of ChicagoIt contains articles on literary and educational topics.The Quarterly Convocation Addresses and the President 'sQuarterly Statements are published in the Record inauthorized form. A weekly calendar of University exercises, meetings oj clubs, public lectures, musical 1'ecitals, etc.,the text of official actions and notices important to students, afford to members of the University and its friendsfull information concerning official life and progress at theUniversity. Abstracts of Doctors and Masters theses arepublished before the theses themselves are printed. Contentsof University joiirnals are summarized as they appear.Students in Residence can subscribe for the University Record forthe year or obtain single copies weekly at the Book Room of The University Press, Cobb lecture Hall.The Record appears weekly on Fridays at j:oo p.m. Yearlysubscription $i.OO; single copies 5 cents.