p*ice $MX>Per Year ICbe Tnntverotty of ChicagoFOUNDED BY JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER Single Copies5 CentsPUBLJSHSD BY AUTHORITYCHICAGOTOe Vniverottg of Chicago iptessVOL IV, NO, 6. PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY AT 3s00 P.M. MAY 12, 1899.Entered in the post office Chteag o, Illinois, as second-class matter.CONTENTS. Peofbssob Moulton^ Recitals.— In consequenceI. University Settlement Meeting 45 o£ the meeting of the University Congregation thereII. Official Notices - 45 will be no recital on Friday, May 19. The remainingIII. Current Events 45=48 recitals will be given on May 26, June 2 and 9.IV, The University Elementary School - 40=47 V. The Calendar - 8 ^ meeting preliminary to organizing a chapter of Phi= ""¦"- — ' Beta Kappa will be held in Congregation Hall, HaskellUniversity Settement Meeting. Oriental Museum, on Monday, May 15, at 4:15 p.m.Reports of committees on organisation and member-Miss McDowell, head resident of the University ghip will be received. All persons connected with theSettlement, and Miss Addams, of Hull House, will University who are members of chapters of Phi Betamake addresses at the Vesper service on May 14, at Kappa in other ingtitutions are invited to be present.4:00 p.m. Hereafter the service on the second Sunday ofeach Quarter will be given over to the interests of theUniversity Settlement. Speakers will be secured for Current Events.these meetings who are conversant with the social An iOTBREBT1TO Gift.— Mr. John M. Switzer, writ-settlement work in its various branches, and the ing from Manila, under date of March 25, 1899, sentaddresses will deal with the peculiar problems which to the University a copy of a Latin-Spanish diction-such work brings to light. aryi eaited by Martinez Lopez, and printed in Madrid, 1863. The letter to President Harper states:" When the doors of Morgan Park Academy wereOfficial Notices. first thrown open to receive the young men and womenA ,.,.„,, TT « of the world, I was there to be received. The influenceA special meeting of the Univeesity Congelation of the University of Chicago and its Academy is feltwill be held in Congregation Hall, Haskell Oriental throughout the world. I hope a souvenir from theseMuseum, May 19, 1899, at 4:00 p.m. Members of the distant islands is not inappropriate. To the libraryCongregation will assemble in cap and gown upon the of the University of Chicago, I present, therefore, inBM , J. * „ , „ r. . ± ,•-> ± „ ,R the name of the Philolexian Literary and Debatingsecond floor of Haskell Oriental Museum at 8: 45 p.m. goeiety of the Aoade-oyi a Diccionario Latino -Espafiol.The subject for consideration will b© the question of This old volume I captured in the Spanish-Americanthe conferring of a title or degree at the end of the War."Junior College and the report of a committee will bereceived respecting a proper designation for the same. ^r* -"• W. Howerth delivered the address at theBy order of the Congregation, closing exercises of the Sullivan (Illinois) High School,Qeobge S. Goodspeed, on ttie evening of May 4. His subject was, " TheChicago Mai 8, 1899. Recorder* Personal Element in Success."46 UNIVEESITY RECORDA series of four educational conferences, conductedby Mr. A. E. Bernays, sometime Inspector of HerMajesty's Schools, is being held under the auspices ofthe University of Chicago, at the rooms of the Collegefor Teachers. The programme is as follows :Saturday, May 6, 4:00 p.m., " Religious Instruction in the Public Schools, English Solution;" Presiding Officer: Dr. E. Benjamin Andrews, Superintendent of the Public Schools of theCity of Chicago.Saturday, May 13, 4:00 p.m., "Extension of Public Aid toPrivate Schools: English Method of Solving the Vexed Questionof Parochial and Private vs. Public Schools;" Presiding Officer :Principal W. E. Watt, of the Graham School, President of theChicago Institute of Education.Saturday, May 20,4:00 p.m., "The Free Public High School inEngland ; " Presiding Officer : Professor Edmund J. James, Deanof the College for Teachers.Saturday, May 27, 4:00 p. m., " Military Drill and Athletics inthe Public Schools: The Influence of Such Exercises on theSocial and Political Institutions of the Country."The University Elementary School.group IX.[Continuation of work reported in the CJniveksity Record,March 3, 1899, and December 23, 1898. Average age of children,twelve years.]The work in United States history has been thesame as that for Group VIII, but more reading hasbeen done by the children. They have studied thehistory of Chicago from the first explorations of theFrench to about 1850. With this group the governmental side has been emphasized more than with theyounger group. They have tried to find out for themselves what the government of a village of fourteenfamilies would be ; when a town charter would be desired, what advantages it would have, and how itcould be obtained ; how the small village system ofgovernment would have to be expanded and differentiated to fit the rapidly growing town ; what municipalownership would mean, and whether or not it offeredany advantages over private enterprises.In considering how the salaries of the various officials should be paid, we found the amount of taxespaid by several of the early villagers, and the tax rate.The children, of course, were anxious to know howmuch these men were worth, and were shown how tofind out from the facts given them. Other problemsin taxes were given them until they were able tomanage them in any form stated. The tax bill of theschool was worked out by them for practice.A half hour a week has been spent in discussing current events. Each child has been given a topic ofgeneral interest which he is to keep track of in thepapers and report upon.In number work, beside the work in taxes, the grouphas been finding out how to construct a trefoil geometrically. This was needed by one of the youngergroups for dies to be used in coloring cloth, and wasto be carved in relief on wood. It was discoveredthat by taking the angles of an equilateral triangle asthe centers of circles with a radius of one half thelength of a side, three circles could be drawn tangentialto each other. To make the trefoil, therefore, it wasnecessary to know how to construct an equilateraltriangle. In learning this they learned also the namesand the characteristics of the isosceles, scalene andright-angle triangle.In connection wTith their work on textiles, theyworked out the relation of the number of revolutionsof the large spinning wheel to the small, and learnedthe terms and laws of the wheel and axle and thelever.In Latin they have begun to read Caesar's GallicWar. Books have been obtained for them containingonly the text, and part of the time is spent in readingand translating. The rest of the time is given to constructive grammar work and to translating at sight orto hearing stories connected with Roman history.In science some work has been done in alloys, byfinding out the proportions and fusing point of pewter,fusible metal, type metal, and solder. The alloys weremade for a younger group of children who could notwork out the proportions.With the Spring Quarter they began some work inscience designed to lead to an analysis of foods, andin connection with this, to give a broader view ofBotany. An experiment is being conducted to determine the method of germination of several commonseeds — such as peas, beans, corn, etc. Each child hasa piece of glass and an inverted tumbler on it, forming a moist chamber, in which his seeds have beenplaced on a moistened blotting paper. Records arekept of daily observations of the changes which takeplace.Another experiment consists in finding out theamount of water which dried sand, clay, and soil willhold, and the amount which each will lose in a giventime.The work in domestic science, for the older children,has three points of view : 1) the practical, in whichthey learn how to cook different kinds of food byactually doing it, and how to sew by making differentarticles ; 2) the theoretical, in which they learn toUNIVERSITY RECORD 47analyze the foods they cook, and to distinguish thematerials they use in sewing by discovering the fitnessof each for the purpose to which it is applied ; and 3)the inventive, by discovering the processes by whichraw materials are converted into finished products.In spinning the children worked out, with a littlehelp, the whole evolution of the method, from thesimple hand cards of primitive times to the machineryrun by steam or electricity, and made records anddrawings of each stage. Then they were taken for aday to the Aurora Cotton Mills, at Aurora, 111., andexamined the process from the point of view of a largefactory.In sewing, on the practical side, the girls are makingskirts for themselves — draughting the patterns, cutting the cloth, fitting and sewing the skirts. Whenthis work was given them the boys were at work setting up the loom. The girls were somewhat disturbedat this differentiation of labor, or sex, and felt thatthe boys ought to be made to make " pants." Whenit was discovered that the boys needed aprons forwork in the printing shop, and these were assigned tothem, the matter was satisfactorily settled. Each ofthe children in this group has been taught how todarn stockings, so that a boy or girl who meets with amishap in play, mends the rent at school.In cooking, the children analyzed the different foodsthey had to discover the "food principles." Theyfound five : 1) starch, sugar, cellulose ; 2) albumen,connective tissue ; 3) fat; 4) water ; 5) mineral salts.The children expressed surprise that so many differentfoods could be reduced to a few " principles." Theywere asked what made the difference, and got the ideaof the difference in proportion. One of the childrenasked how they could tell how to cook a new food, if itcontained several of the " food principles." One of theclass was able to answer that it should be cookedaccording to the predominant element.In attempting to discover what cooking did for thevarious food principles, we found that the food principles are acted on differently by heat and water, andthat scientific cooking consists in finding out theproper way to bring them to the most digestible condition. To do this food analysis is necessary. Onemember of the class thought this a difficult way ofdoing a simple thing, and wanted to know " why wedidn't follow the cook books? " The question was putto the class as to whether they would prefer to followblindly " directions," or be able to see for themselvesthe reasons underlying them, and to know when amistake had been made. They of course, decided forthe latter proposition.The practical work in cooking has been the same as for Group VI. In addition they have taken up thecooking: of eggs, poached, boiled in the shell, and madeinto omelets. These were cooked by the usual experimental method. The children were told that thewhite of egg is almost pure albumen, and to find outhow it could best be cooked, each child broke an eggand dropped it into cold water (which was graduallyheated to boiling), and noted the changes whichoccurred in the egg. They were told how to tell thetemperature of the water without a thermometer, the"simmering" temperature, when bubbles of airappeared on the side of the pan, the " scalding," whenthe bubbles rose to the surface, the " boiling," whenair bubbles broke on the surface. From their observations of the albumen at each temperature they wereto decide the best time to cook an egg, and the lengthof time needed.In the shop the group has begun a music bench forthe school. This is to be carved in low relief, with anappropriate original design. When the design is completed and marked on the wood, other groups are tohelp in the work of carving. The bench is of blackwalnut, and is intended for the music room, which iswithout one.In French the children have studied gardening,going into the yard and using the garden and garden implements in learning the vocabulary. Whenthey were able to describe in French the process ofgardening, they wrote compositions at home, illustrating them with water-colored drawings. Some of thesewere quite elaborate. One gave the chapeau which thegirl put on when the idea of making a garden seizedher, drawings of the flowers she would have when theseeds planted should blossom, the caterpillar shefound on a favorite plant, and the high fence overwhich she threw it.A good deal of grammar work has been given them,and they are reading Jeanne d'Arc.In music some of the songs composed by youngergroups have been analyzed, written on music paper,and presented to the composers, who were too youngto do this for themselves. A few new songs have beenlearned, and an original song is in process of construction.Much of the art work has been done out of doors, bysketching scenes in the neighborhood of the school-house. The design for the music bench has beenmade with the aid of the art teacher.The members of this group superintend the schoolpaper, which is printed each week. They collect thereports from the different groups, manage the printing of them, select the readers, and preside at the general meeting of the school to hear the paper read.48 UNIVERSITY RECORDCalendar.MAY 12-20, 7899.Friday, May 12.Chapel-Assembly : Divinity School. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10: 30 a.m.Division Lecture before Division VI of the JuniorColleges by the President, President's Office, Haskell, 10:30 a.m.Final Examination of J. B. E. Jonas, C 13 d, 3:00 p.m.(see p. 4-3).Interpretative Recitals of Greek Tragedies in English,by Professor R. G. Moulton, Cobb Hall, at 4: 00 p.m.The Electra of Euripides.Mathematical Club meets in Room 36, Ryerson Physical Laboratory, 4:00 p.m.Dr. Laves reads on "The Motion of n Material Pointsunder the Influence on Inner Potential Forces."Notes: "The Application of Complex Quantities to theTrigonometry of the Triangle," by Mr. Schweitzer;" The Meaning of Imaginary," by Professor Bolza.Junior College Finals in Public Speaking for the Peckprize are held in Kent Theater, 8: 00 p.m.First Term op Spring Quarter ends.Saturday, May 13.Meetings of Faculties and Boards :The Administrative Board of University Affiliations,8:30 a.m.The Faculty of the Senior Colleges, 10:00 a.m.The University Council, 11:30 a.m.Sunday, May 14.University Settlement Meeting, Kent Theater, 4:00 p.m.(see p. 45).Addresses by Miss McDowell, of the Settlement, and MissAddams, of Hull House.Union meeting of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A.,Association Room, Haskel], 7:00 p.m.Leader: E. A. Sturtevant ; Subject: "Organization as anaid to the individual Christian life."Monday, May 15.Chapel-Assembly : Junior Colleges. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m. (required of Junior College Students).Meeting of the Phi Beta Kappa in Congregation Hall,Haskell, 4:15 p.m. (see p. 45).Tuesday, May 16.Chapel-Assembly: Senior Colleges. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m. (required of Senior College Students).Material for the UNIVERSITY" KECOBD mustorder to be published in the issue of the same week. Division Lectures before the Junior Colleges in KentTheater, 10:30 a.m.Botanical Club meets in Botanical Building, Room 23,5:00 p.m.Mr. F. L. Stevens will review : Nordhausen, "On theBiology of Parasitic Fungi," and Lind, "On the Penetration of Fungi into Bone and Stone."Professor Coulter will speak on " Recent Work uponEquisetum."Wednesday, May 17.Division Lectures before the Senior Colleges, 10:30 a.m.By Professor R. G-. Moulton before Divisions II-VI in theChapel, Cobb Hall.Zoological Club meets in Zoological Laboratory,Room 24, at 4:00 p.m.Mr. M. F. Guyer reads on " Hybridism in Pigeons."Conference of University Students under the auspicesof the Y. M. C A. in Association Room, Haskell,7:00 p.m.Subject: "Choosing a Profession." Speakers from thestudent body and the faculty,Thursday, May 18.Chapel-Assembly: Graduate Schools. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m.Friday, May 19.Chapel-Assembly : Divinity School. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m.Division Lecture before Division VI of the JuniorColleges by the President, President's Office, Haskell, 10:30 a.m.Special Meeting of the University Congregation inCongregation Hall, Haskell 4:00 p.m. (see p. 45).Physics Club meets in Ryerson Physical Laboratory,Room 32, 4:00 p.m.Subject of Discussion : " Dielectric Hysterisis ;" paperpresented by Fritz Reichmann.Romance Club meets in C 7, Cobb Lecture Hall,4:00 p.m.Dr. Ren6 de Poyen-Bellisle reads on "Modern FrenchDramatic Literature."Saturday, May 20.Meetings of Faculties and Boards :The Administrative Board of The University Press,8:30 a.m.The Administrative Board for the Recommendationof Teachers, 10:00 a.m..The Faculty of the Ogden School of Science, 10:00A.M.The Faculty of the Divinity School, 11:30 a.m.sent to the Recorder by THURSDAY, 8:30 A.M., in