Price $J.OOPer Year £be ^University of dbtcagoFOUNDED BY JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER Single Copies5 CentsUniversity RecordPUBLISHED BY AUTHORITYCHICAGOZbc "GlniveteitE of Cbicago pressVOL. IV, NO. 3. PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY AT 3:00 P.M APRIL 21, 1899.Entered in the post office Chic&g o, Illinois, as second-class matter.CONTENTS. NAME. HOUE. PLACE.I. Consultation Hours, Spring Quarter, 1899 - - 29-3030 Mr. CuttingMr. DamonMr. Davis 9:00-9:30 Tues.4:00-4: 10 Tues.-Fri.8:30-12:00 daily C 12 DClD11. ourrenij hi \ unto ----•»III. The University Elementary School - - 30-32 B30TT7 T'Vick f q 1 Ar» rl £j t* - 32 Mr.dePoyen-Bellisle 10:30-11:30 dailyMr. Donaldson 11: 30-12: 30-dailyMiss Dudley 10: 00-12: 00 Tues.- RomanceX V t XXIH VJa.At/IHicll LibraryA 23Consultation Hours, Mr. Farrington Fri. GSPRING QUARTER, 1899. Miss Foster 12:00-1:00 Mon. ClDTVTr Frpnnd 4:00 Tues. C 10 cTHE FACULTIES OF ARTS, LITERATURE. AND SCIENCE. J.YX J. . i JL C HULL*.Miss Furniss 4: 00-6: 00 Tues.-Fri. GMr. Goodspeed 5: 00-6: 00 Tues.-Fri. H12NAME. HOUR. PLACE. Mr. Gordis 10:30-11:00 Fri. C5bMr. Angell 11: 00-12: 00 Fri. A Mr. W. G. Hale 12:00 Mon. C13bMiss Ballou 10:00-11:00 Tues. C13b Mr. Hancock 4:00Mon.-Thurs. C15dMr. Barnes 11:00-12:00 Mon., Mr. Hardesty 11:30-12:30 daily A 21Wed. Fri. B22 Mr. Hatfield 9: 30 Thurs. ClcMr. Bechtel 9:30-10:00 Mon. C13b Mr. Henderson 1:00 Tues.-Fri. C2cMr. Blackburn 4:00Tues.-Fri. C4d Mr. Hendrickson 11:30 Thurs. C5bMr. Blanchard 2:00-3: 00 Tues., Fri. K14 Mr. Hill 10: 30 Wed. C5cMr. Bolza 11:45 Tues.-Fri. R40 Mr. von Hoist 4:00-4:15 Mon.-Mr. Boyd 9:30 Mon. R39 Thurs. C6cMr. Breasted 4:00 Tues. H24 Mr. Iddings 10:30 Wed. W2dfl.Mr. Burton 3: 00-4: 00 Tues.-Fri. H16 Mr. Jackman 4:00 Tues., Fri. A 33Mr. Butterworth 10:15 G Mr. James 1:00 Tues. C8cMr. Caldwell 2:00-3:00 Tues., B32 Mr. Jonas 8:30-9:30 Mon .-Fri. C9bThurs. Mr. Jordan 10:30-12: 00 Tues. Z48Mr. Castle 10:30-12:00 daily, Mr. Judson 11: 00-12: 00 Tues.-except Sat. C8 Fri. HMr. Catterall 8: 30 Tues. C6c Mr. Kern 10:30-11:00 Tues.-Mr. Chamberlain 9 : 30-10 :°,b Tues., B24 Fri. C14dThurs., Fri. Mr. von Klenze 10:30-11:00 Fri.Mr. Chamberlin 9:30-10:30 W2dfl. Mr. Laughlin l:00Mon.-Thurs. C3cMr. Chandler 10:30-11:00 C7b Mr. LengfeldMiss Cipriani Mr. Loeb 3:00 Thurs. P23Mr. Clark 9:30-10:30 Tues., Mr. Lovett 10:30-11: 00 Tues.-Fri. K16 Thurs.Mr. Coulter 11: 00-12: 00 Mon., Mr. MacClintock 10:30-12:00 daily, C8aWed. B20 except Sat.Mr. Cowles 4:00-5:00 Tues., Mr. Maschke 10:30 Tues. R40Thurs. B33 Mr. S. Mathews 10: 00-10: 30 Tues.-Mr. Crandall 10:30 Wed. H21 Fri. H1630 UNIVERSITY RECORDNAME. HOUR. PLACE.Mr. S. A. MatthewsMr. MeadMr. Merrell 9: 30-10: 30 Fri. B32Mr. A. C. Miller 4:00 Mon. C5cMr. F. J. Miller 10:00-11:00 daily,except Sat.Mr. Millikan 12: 00-1: 00 Mon.,Tues., Wed. RMr. A.W. Moore AMr. E. H. Moore 3:15 Tues. R36Mr. R. G. Moulton 5:00 Fri. (afterrecital) C6 aMr. F. R. Moulton 9: 30 Tues. R35Mr. NorlinMr. NefMr. Neff 10:30-11:00 Tues.-Fri. C17cMr. Owen 1:00 C2bMr. Pietsch 3:00-3:30 Mon.;4:00-4:30 Thurs. C15bMr. Price 3:00-4: 00 Thurs. H33Miss ReynoldsMr. Schmidt- Warten L-berg 2:00-3:00 Tues. C 14 dMr. Shepardson 11: 00 Tues. H12Mr. ShoreyMr. Slaught 10:30 Fri. R38Mr. A. W. Small 4:00 Tues. C2cMr. Smith 10:30 Wed. K 43Mr. Stagg GMr. Starr 10:30 Wed. W 3d fl.Mr.A.W.Stratton 2:00-3:00 Mon. B4Mr. S.W. Stratton 10:30-11:00 Tues.,Wed. RMiss Talbot 12:00-1:00 daily,s except Sat. CMr. Tarbell 10:30-11:00 Fri. C5bMr. Terry 10:30 Mon. C6cMr. Thomas 10:30 Wed. C2cMr. Thompson 10:30 Fri. C6gMr. Triggs 10:30 C8cMr. Veblen 12:00 Tues. C5cMr. Vincent 11:00 Mon. C2cMr. Votaw 11:00-12:00 Tues. H16Miss Wallace 10:30-11:00 Tues. C13cMr. Watase' 11:00-12:00 Thurs.,Fri. Z35Mr. S. WellerMiss Wergeland 10:30 Thurs. C6cMr. Whitman 11: 00-12: 00 Thurs. Z25Mr. Wheeler 11:00-12:00 daily Z33Mr.Young 10:30 Fri. R38Mr. ZueblinAbbreviations.— C = = Cobb Lecture Hall, A, b , c, and D de-noting the 1st, 2d, 3d, and 4th floors, respectively ;, A — AnatomyBuilding; B = Botany Building; G = Gymnasium ; H = HaskellMuseum; K = Kent Chemical Laboratory; -P = PhysiologicalBuilding; R = Ryerson Physical Laboratory; W = WalkerMuseum ; Z = Zoological Buiidin g.Current Events. author of The Neiv Method in Education and is widelyknown as an exponent of the best thought on constructive work in education. All interested are invitedto be present.The University Elementary School.Under the auspices of the Pedagogical Club, Professor J. Liberty Tadd, of Philadelphia will lecture inthe Chapel of Cobb Hall on Monday, April 24, at4:00 p.m., on "Manual Training." Mr. Tadd is the GROUP VII.[Continuation of work reported in the University Record,February 3, 1899. Average age of children, ten years.]The members of this group had not had the study,which will hereafter be given at an earlier age, of thevarious races, and a view of world geography. So abrief study of the world by continents was undertaken.Africa, as the simplest was taken first ; its relation tothe equator was used to begin a discussion of itsclimate ; its nearness to Europe and Asia, and theknown antiquity of the civilization of Egypt, was areason for trying to find out why the discovery of theshape of the continent was unknown until after thediscovery of America (if we discredit the statement ofits circumnavigation by the Phoenicians). WhyAmerica should have been so quickly explored andsettled, and Africa still largely unsettled, was discussedand the various nations now holding territory in Africanoted from the map ; also where conflicts would belikely to arise.The explorations of Livingstone were told, and fromhis book and Du Chaillu's Equatorial Africa, andThe Pygmies by Quatrefages (using the translationby Professor Starr), a good idea of tl}e life of theNegroes was gained, as to houses, food, skill in makingweapons, organization in tribes, occupations, etc.Australia was studied in the same way, except thatmore attention was given to its peculiar fauna, and thereverse of seasons, as we have them. One afternoonwas spent at the Field Museum in the rooms containing exhibits of Australasia and Africa. The fine collection of boomerangs aroused special interest, andthe boys wished to try them.In studying Asia the great extent of land was noted,especially the nearness to America at the northeast,and the possibility of migrations at that point. Thegreat mountain chains were located and their nameslearned, and the large rivers traced.After a talk on the isolation of China and the development of its civilization, we took up the Mesopo-tamian valley and Egypt as the seats of the oldestcivilization, and studied leaders and forces of theprogress of civilization from the East to the West.This was done in the form of stories told as simplyas possible, the children asking questions as theyoccurred to them. Rameses II, of Egypt, and life inAncient Egypt as described by Maspero, were taken asUNIVERSITY BECOIZJ) 31the type of Egyptian supremacy ; David and Solomonfor the Hebrews ; Hiram as illustrating the prosperityof the Phoenicians with a glance at their share inpromoting civilization. Nebuchadnezzar as typicalof Babylonian supremacy, with accounts of the captivity of the Hebrews and the Hanging Gardens.Cyrus the Great illustrated the coming of the Aryanelement, and a greater enlargement of the empire under one ruler. Alexander the Great followed as beginning the attempts at world supremacy, and then theconquest of Greece, and of the East by Rome. Ineach conquest the pretence on which the war wasbep*un was given, and the methods by which unification was attempted were discussed.From this point we took up the forces in Europewhich led to the downfall of Rome, cause of DarkAges, beginning of nations, spread of Christianity andthe effects of the Crusades, and the feudal system ingeneral. The demand for the luxuries of the East,the knowledge of printing, and use of compass innavigation were brought out as making possible thevoyage which resulted in the discovery of America.It was not intended that the children should getmuch positive information from these talks, but thatthey should get an impression of people's acting andreacting upon one another, and a habit of looking forcauses of each event noted. Also that the discoveryof America, whose history they were to study next,was the culmination of many forces, and would havecome sooner or later had there been no Columbus.In botany pollination and methods of protectingfrom insects, which would steal the pollen withoutassisting in fertilization, have been studied. Cross-fertilization was explained, and its effect upon thenext generation was presented.In discussing the protection of plants by thornsthree general types were discovered : (1) the outgrowth analogous to a twig, as in the hawthorn ; (2)the outgrowth of the bark itself, as in the brier rose;and (3) plants in which the leaf itself has become aspine, as in the Russian thistle. A large-branchedthorn brought to school by a member of the class,who had been South, helped to make the subjectclearer. The use of the thorn, it was seen, was tokeep off unwelcome insects. Such insects were thosewhich crawled about, and hence would rub off anypollen they got from the plant before reaching anotherplant which would be fertilized by it.Seeds had been planted in a glass case and in potsin the room, the same quality of earth being used inboth, in order that the children might see the effectof slight differences in heat and moisture. Those inthe glass case had a much more luxuriant growththan those in the pots. It was also found that while only five varieties of seed had been planted, nineteenvarieties of plants had sprung up. The seeds plantedat the same time in the pots had grown less, and veryfew varieties not planted had appeared. After considering the matter the conclusion was reached thatthe difference was due to the greater moisture andprotection from changes of temperature afforded bythe glass case.With the examples before them of slight differencesin environment, they tried to decide what would bethe result where the climate was hot and dry, andwhere it was hot and moist. To see what effect difference in soil would have, they took two funnels andfilled one with clay and one with sand. Water waspoured on both at the same instant, and the fact notedthat it ran through the sand in half the time it tookto pass through the clay, or, in a scientific sense, clayabsorbed water slowly and retained it a long time;sand absorbed it quickly and did not retain it. Knowing that moisture was essential, but that too muchwas harmful for most varieties, the children concludedthat ideal soil would have the characteristics of bothsand and clay, and in addition abundance of nutriment.Light, as affecting the growth of plants, was illustrated by finding that early spring flowers only arefound in the great forests, and that this must be because the lack of leaves at this season permits thesunlight to reach the soil.In reviewing the adaptation of plants to environment, a generalized map was made showing the different conditions of soil in which plants could live, andthe different types of plants that would form societiesin arid regions, in rocky soil, forest loam, and freshwater lake regions. In connection with the last theformation of dunes was described.Northern and southern pop corn had been plantedat the same time, but it was found that the northernvariety germinated in nine days, while the southerntook twelve. The difference was decided to be due tothe fact that the northern corn had become adaptedto a shorter season.In Latin the stories of Mettius Curtius, Coriolanusand Cornelia and her sons have been studied, by getting the meaning of the sentences without translating,and noting the significance of inflections. The wordsof a Latin song have been learned, and put to music.In French the work has had, as heretofore, twosides, one the learning of French words connectedwith the sewing, cooking, or carpentry work done inthe school, and the other, the reading, writing anddramatizing of anecdotes.In learning how to describe making candy, cookingrice, sewing, etc., the actual materials are used, andthe processes described are acted out.32 UNIVERSITY EEC ORBThe anecaoie 01 jua nonxame nas been dramatized.One member of the class personated La Fontainepicking a choice pear from a tree in his garden andplacing it on the mantelpiece. Another member ofthe class was the friend who called to see the novelist,and while the servant went to announce his visit, sawthe pear and ate it. La Fontaine appeared, noticedthe disappearance of the fruit, and asked for it. Thefriend pretended to know nothing about it. Then LaFontaine, in apparent distress, declared that it waspoisoned. The friend thereupon confessed.Another anecdote studied has been " Le Petit Roide Rome."In hand work various sizes of baskets have beenmade from rattan fiber.In the shop the work assigned has required a gooddeal of time and skill. As far as possible, articles inwhich the children were specially interested were undertaken. One boy is making from "sweet gum" apen tray. This is gouged out of a solid block *andcarved in low relief. Another is making a box forstamps, with different compartments for the variousdenominations. This has a carved cover. A boy ismaking a black walnut book rack, and a girl a cornershelf with an original design.Art work has consisted of sketches from life andfrom objects. Both charcoal and colored chalks havebeen used. Correct drawing, perspective, and combination of colors to get different colors and shades hasbeen the aim.In music new songs have been learned, drill hasbeen given in writing music, and a song for Decoration Day is being composed.Calendar.APRIL 21-29, 1899.Friday, April 21.Chapel -Assembly : Divinity School. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m.Interpretative Recitals of Greek Tragedies, by Professor Moulton, Cobb Hall, 4: 00 p.m.The Sepulchral Bites and Eumenides of Aeschylus (insequence).Saturday, April 22.Meetings of Faculties and Boards :The Faculty of the Junior Colleges, 8:30 a.m.The Administrative Board of Student Organizations, Publications, and Exhibitions, 10:00 a.m.The Faculty of the Ogden Graduate School, 10:00 a.m.The Faculty of the Divinity School, 11:30 a.m.Sunday, April 23.Student Conferences on Religion, Kent Theater,4 :00 p.m.Professor Foster on "Does Morality need a religiousbasis?"Rev. A. K. Parker, D.D., on "Do we need religion toenable us to live morally? "Question Conference.Union meeting of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A.,Association Room, Haskell, 7:00 p.m.Subject : " The Study of the Life of Christ as an Aid to theChristian Life." Monday, April 24.Chapel -Assembly : Junior Colleges. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m. (required of Junior College Students).Pedagogical Club meets in the Chapel, Cobb Hall,4:00 p.m.Professor Tadd lectures on ** Manual Training " (see p. 30).New Testament Club meets in So. Divinity Parlor,7:30 p.m.Subject: "The Eschatology of Jesus," led by, Messrs.Hoben and Kunkle.Tuesday, April 25.Chapel-Assembly : Senior Colleges. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m. (required of Senior College Students).Division Lectures before the Junior Colleges in KentTheater, 10:30 a.m.Sociology Club meets in Congregation Hall, HaskellMuseum, 8:00 p.m.Associate Professor Zueblin will give a stereopticon lecture upon " The Labor Movement in England."Wednesday, April 26.Division Lectures before the Senior Colleges, 10: 30 a.m.By the President before Division I in Lecture Room, CobbHall.By Professor R. G. Moulton before Divisions II- VI in theChapel, Cobb Hall.M. Edouard Rod will lecture in the Chapel, CobbHall, 4:00 a.m., on "Les Caracteres principaux duRoman frangais" (see University Record, Vol. Ill,p. 361).Zoological Club meets in Zoological Laboratory,Room 24, at 4:00 p.m.Miss E. R. Gregory reads on "The Excretory System ofTurtles."Meeting of the Y. M. C. A. in Association Room, Haskell, 7:00 p.m. (Men's meeting.)The meeting will be in charge of a delegation from theNorthwestern Medical School.Thursday, April 27.Chapel-Assembly: Graduate Schools. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m.Philosophical Club meets in the Lecture Room, CobbHall, 8:00 p.m.Professor George A. Coe, of Northwestern University, willspeak on "A Study in Religious Dynamics/'Friday, April 28.Chapel- Assembly : Divinity School. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m.Division Lecture before Division VI of the JuniorColleges by the President, President's Office, Haskell, 10:30 a.m.Mathematical Club meets in Room 36, Ryerson Physical Laboratory, 4:00 p.m.Mr. Moulton will read on " The Surfaces of Zero Velocityin the Problem of Four Bodies."Notes: "A New Planimeter," by Mr. Lehmer; "TheMeaning of 'Imaginary'," by Professor Bolza.Saturday, April 29.Regular Meetings of Faculties and Boards :The Faculty of the Morgan Park Academy, 8: 30 a.m.The Administrative Board of the University Libraries, Laboratories, and Museums, 10:00a.m.The Faculty of the Graduate Schools of Arts andLiterature, 11:30 a.m.