Price $1.00Per Year tlhe Tftniverstt^ of CbicagoFOUNDED BY JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER Single Copies5 CentsUniversity RecordPUBLISHED BY AUTHORITYCHICAGOVOL NO. 51. PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY AT 3:00 P.M. MARCH 17, 1899.Entered in the post office Chicago, Illinois, as second-class matter.CONTENTS.1. Programme of the Winter Finals and theTwenty-Eighth Convocation, Spring 1899- - 351II. The University Elementary School - - - 352-353IIL Official Notices 353-354IV. Changes in Announcements of Courses, SpringQuarter 1899 354V. Current Events 354VI. The Calendar 354Programme of the Winter Finals and the Twenty-Eighth Convocation, Spring 1899.THE FINALS.February 17, Friday.8 :oo p.m. Junior College Finals in Public Speaking forthe Ferdinand Peck Prize.Kent Theater.March 14, Tuesday.8:00 p.m. Senior College Finals in Public Speaking forThe University Prize.Debate: Resolved, That the Income Tax, ifit were constitutional, would be advisable.Affirmative: Willoughby George Walling,Harry Bauland Newman, Charles LindseyBurroughs. Negative : Harry Norman Gottlieb, Lawrence Merton Jacobs, Thomas C.Clendenning. Kent Theater.9:00-11:00 p.m. The President's Reception to the graduatingstudents. The President's House.March 17, Friday.8: 00 p.m. The Graduate-Divinity Finals in Public Speaking for the Joseph Leiter Prize.Debate : Resolved, That it is expedient forthe United States to acquire colonial possessions in the Pacific Ocean. Affirmative:James Davis Garner, James Luther Bynum,Lucile Eaves. Negative: Gustavus WalkerDyer, Eban Mumford, Louis Peter Valentine.Kent Theater.March 19, Sunday. — Baccalaureate Sunday.3 : 30 p.m. Baccalaureate Prayer Service. Members of theFaculties and Candidates for Degrees areinvited to attend.Haskell Oriental Museum — Assembly Room.4: 00 P.M. Baccalaureate Service.Baccalaureate Address: "Strength and Beautyin Education," Dean Eri B. Hulbert.Kent Theater.March 22, 23, 24, Wednesday-Friday.Quarterly Examinations of the Winter Quarter. THE CONVOCATION WEEK.April i, Saturday.8 : 30 a.m. The Graduate Matutinal.The Quadrangle Club.8: 30 A.M.-12: 00 m. Matriculation and Registration of Incoming Students. (All University instructors offeringcourses in the Spring Quarter may be metat the consultation hours announced.)12 : 00 m. Division meetings of the Senior and Junior Colleges. Attendance required.Cobb Lecture Hall.2:00 P.M. Meeting of Candidates for Degrees with theExecutive officers.Cobb Lecture Hall— Chapel.2 : 00 P.M.-4 : 00 p.m. Matriculation and Registration of IncomingStudents. Cobb Lecture Hall.8 : 00 p.m. The Twenty- Eighth University Convocation.The Procession.The Convocation Address : " Democracy andCulture," The Reverend Henry Van Dyke,New York City.The Conferring- of Degrees,The President's Quarterly Statement.The Fine Arts Building (203 Michigan av.).April 2, Sunday. — Convocation Sunday.8 : 30 a.m. Bible Classes. Haskell Oriental Museum.4 : 00 p.m. The Convocation Vesper Service.The Convocation Sermon. The ReverendHenry Van Dyke.The Quarterly Report of the Christian Union.Kent Theater.8:00 P.M. Union meeting of the Young Men's ChristianAssociation and the Young Women's ChristianAssociation.Haskell Oriental Museum — Association Hall.April 3, Monday.8 : 30 a.m. Lectures and Recitations of the Spring Quarterbegin.10: 30 a.m. Junior College Assembly. Attendance of members of the Junior Colleges required.Cobb Lectttre Hall— Chapel.3:30 P.M. The Eleventh Meeting of the University Congregation.The Procession.The Admission of New Members.The Review of Actions of Governing Bodies.The Discussion of Special Topics.The Election of Vice President.Haskell Oriental Museum — Co7igregation Hall.7 : 00 p.m. The Congregation Dinner.The Quadrangle Club.April 4, Tuesday.8:00 P.M. Meeting of the Phi Beta Kappa. Trustees, members of the Faculties and Graduate Studentswho are members of the society are invited toattend.Haskell Oriental Museum — Faculty Room.352 UNIVERSITY BECOBI)The University Elementary School.GROUPS II AND III.[Continuation of work reported in the University Recoed,January 6, 1899. Age of children, seven to eight years.]In the Autumn Quarter the study of conditions ofPrimitive Life had been developed to the time whenmetals were discovered. In the discussion of metals,the children named those they knew — iron, lead, tin,copper, and zinc, and from the uses to which theyknew them - to be put talked of their comparativehardness, weight, and amount of heat required tomelt. Tin, copper, and, lead were melted over aBunsen burner and poured into water to cool — thechildren noting the spherical form assumed in cooling,when the metal was poured from a height, as theyhad all handled shot. In heating the metals theynoted the time taken to melt lead and tin, and thatcopper and iron wire did not melt, but became red-hotand could be flattened easily by hammering. Theywere shown the metals in the natural state and giventhe word " ore " as a general term. They discussedhow metals were probably discovered, and what metalswould be first generally used, and began to work outthe construction of a smelting place in clay. The chiefproblems to be solved in this were the position of thechimney and the arrangement for proper draught.By experience they found the advantage of a steadydraught, how to protect the fire from sudden changesof wind, and that hard wood makes a hotter fire thansoft. In the best- constructed smelters tin and zincwere melted. In order to construct their smeltersintelligently, they investigated the currents of air inthe room. They found, with the help of a taper, thecurrent of cold air from the windows sinking to thefloor and a current of warm air leaving the room atthe top of the door. From this they saw how the hotair in their furnace would rise, and the value of achimney, and of a place for a continuous supply ofcold air.Having worked out the principle of the smelter, a-larger one was constructed, with the combined adviceand aid of the class, in which ore was to be melted andmade into arrow-heads. In order to form the meltedore it was necessary to have molds ; so the materialfrom which these would be made was discussed, andclay and sand molds made, into which the moltenlead was poured.Copper was melted for them from the ore by theuse of a blowpipe, so that they understood how itcould be done. While working with metals manystories were told illustrating the advantages of metals and the value that would be attached to a knowledgeof them by a tribe ignorant of how to work them. Inorder to demonstrate this the class was divided into"tribes," each tribe selecting what seemed to it to be adesirable location for a special occupation, e. g., onetribe interested chiefly in raising wheat, selected a fertile plain near a range of hills, where they could getsome ore ; another tribe, interested in sheep raising, avalley ; the metal workers chose a site in the mountains near a river ; and a fourth group chose theseacoast for its abundance of fish, shells, and pearls.After imagining themselves settled in their newhomes, they began to perfect the one line of laborchosen and to decide how they could obtain othernecessaries of life. The tribe along the seashoreneeded boats, and tried to think out some method ofmaking them. The tribe raising wheat used first abent stick dragged over the ground, as a means ofloosening the soil, then thought of taming oxen andtraining them to drag an improved plow. Theyworked out also a flail for threshing the grain. Thesheep raisers decided on the shelter for themselvesand their flocks, and discussed sheep washing andshearing. Each tribe decided the number of familiesthey would have and the number of persons in a family. Most of the- class objected to having any childrenin the family, only one announcing his intention tohave "a nice comfortable family of five."The various tribes next sought some method of trading, or bartering, in order to secure the products ofothers. They attempted to find some principle ofvalue, but found it difficult not to rate highest somerare shells which the people from the seashore broughtto trade for wheat or sheep. A few children showedsome skill in driving a bargain.So much of the work has assumed the form of playthat the children have not been conscious of the"knowledge they have been gaining. They havehandled several kinds of metals, both in the ore andin the pure state, and have a knowledge of the processes by which apparent "heavy stones," as they firstthought them, became changed into articles of great; utility. Incidentally they have learned how the metals unite, as in forming bronze, and that copper, whichthey heated in the furnace and then submerged inwater in order to make it plastic, unites with the airin the process of heating and forms a black scale whichcomes off in the water.In another class they have made a study of textilesin use by primitive peoples. They examined eachother's clothing, and noted the difference betweenwool, linen, cotton, and silk. Then flax flowers,cotton bolls, and raw wool were shown them.UNIVERSITY RECORD 353Their attention -was called to the fibers of wool,and how they could be made to cling together,making it possible to spin yarn. They cardedsome of the wool by hand and spun it on a distaff.They were told in what countries the greatest quantities of silk, cotton and wool are produced, and the conditions of soil and climate necessary. Then, with theraw materials in sight, they described how each isproduced— the washing and shearing of sheep — theheckling of flax, the silk from the cocoons, etc. In examining the wool, they were told the difference between lamb's wool and that of the sheep, and the usesof the wool from different parts of the sheep. Inspinning wool they had seen the necessity of havingthe fibers parallel, which they had accomplished bypulling them out by hand. They were asked to suggest an easier method, and one child suggested acomb. They were shown hand cards and how to usethem. They next were led to see the advantage ofthe jack card and the use of cylinders in the methodof carding by machinery.In connection with much of their work the useof numbers is introduced. This has been done bygrouping numbers, adding by twos, threes, fours, fivesand tens, and by forming combinations of smallernumbers to make the larger. They have used thesticks described in report of last week, and are able toadd quickly without the use of pencil or chalk.. Their reading lessons are composed by them, andare a report of their work in the school. These arejprinted for them on the school printing press. Thescript is given them for the same sentences, and bymost of group III is read as easily as the printing.In cooking they have made a study of corn preparations, taking up the difference between cornmeal andflaked corn. The comparison brought out the difference in weight, the amount of surface exposed to thewater, the time taken to absorb water, amount ofwater required, and time needed to cook. They found,by balancing on the scale, that five cups of flaked cornwere as heavy as one cup of cornmeal. They knew thatflaked corn requires an equal amount of water, hencedecided that the cornmeal would require five times asmuch water, since it was five times as heavy. Ricewas studied in the same way. A discussion arose asto why flaked rice was so much lighter than wholerice. To make the matter plain a cup of snowwas melted and found to make only a half cupof water. The air spaces between the snow flakeswere noted and deduced as the reason for thegreater volume. The snow water was then frozen andits volume compared with that of snow and of water.In all comparison of cereals the proportion of starch and cellulose is noted, and its significance in determining time for cooking. Wheat preparations werestudied in the same way as corn and rice. The actualcooking follows the discussion, each child cooking adifferent proportion of the cereal, and estimating theamount of water to be used.In the sewing-room work bags have been made, inwhich each child is to keep the articles he is making.In the art room the children have molded animals'heads in clay, have illustrated with colored chalks thesites chosen by the various tribes in their history ofprimitive peoples, and scenes from Hiawatha, Members of the class have posed, in any attitude theychose, for two minutes ; the rest of the class thendrawing the figure from memory.In music some of the songs composed by the oldergroups have been learned. They have been drilled inrecognizing pitch, and have begun to learn the reflation of the keyboard to the staff by finding a givennote on the keyboard and then writing its symbol inthe proper place on the staff. Each group has alsocomposed a song of its own : Group II for Valentine'sDay, and Group III for Easter.In the shop they have made small articles fromthin wood, using the saw, plane, scroll saw, bit andruler.Official Notices.QUARTERLY EXAMINATIONS.The Examinations at the close of the Winter Quarter will be held on Wednesday, Thursday, and Fri-*day, March 22, 23, and 24. Examinations for morningclasses will be held on three successive mornings ;for afternoon classes on three successive afternoons,as follows :8:30 Exercises, Wedn., Mar. 22, 8:30-11:30 a.m.9:30 «' Thurs. a 23, 8:30-11:30 a.m.11:00 Fri. a 24, 8:30-11:30 a.m.12:00 Wedn. a 22, 2:00- 5:00 p.m.2:00 Thurs. a 23, 2:00- 5:00 p.m.3:00 ?• Fri. '" 24, 2:00- 5:00 p.m.SPRING EXAMINATIONS FOR ADMISSION.The Spring Examinations for admission to theJunior Colleges will be held in Cobb Hall, Friday,Saturday, Monday, and Tuesday, March 17, 18, 20,and 21. The Dean of Affiliations will furnish particular information on application.Reports for the Winter Quarter. — All instructors are requested to observe that all reports forUNIVERSITY RECORD 354courses given during the Winter Quarter are dueat the Examiner's Office (or the Faculty Exchange)not later than 12:00 m., Tuesday, March 28. It isof the utmost importance that every course berecorded fully and promptly. Blanks will be furnished through the Faculty Exchange not later thanWednesday, March 22. The University Examiner.Changes in Announcements of Courses.SPRING QUARTER, 1899.[Cf. University Record, III, No. 50 (p. 349).]XXIII. ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY.The courses in Anatomy and Histology announcedfor Dr. Eycleshymer will be given by Mr. Hardesty.Course 1 will be repeated., Lecture, 8:30, Tuesdays.Laboratory work, Mon.^Fri., 2:00-5:00.XLII (IX). NEW TESTAMENT INTERPRETATION.22A. The Religious Teachings of Jesus. — A studyof the four Gospels for the purpose of formulatingthe teaching of Jesus in regard to God, immortality,sin, regeneration, faith, prayer and his own religioussignificance. J^ Mj. Sun., 8:30 (Mathews).Current Events.Zina R. Carter, Republican nominee for Mayor, willaddress the students of the University on Friday afternoon March 17, at 4 o'clock in Kent Theater.Calendar.MARCH 17-25, 1899.Friday, March 17.Chapel-Assembly : Divinity School. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m.Mathematical Club meets in Ryerson Physical Laboratory, Room 36, 4:00 p.m.Dr. Boyd: "Concerning Linear Differential Equations."Assistant Professor Young : " On the First Presentationsof the Principles of the Calculus." (Second paper.)Address of Zina R. Carter in Kent Theater, at 4: 00 p.m.All are invited.Material for the UNIVERSITY EEOOED mustorder to be published in the issue of the same week. Saturday, March 18.Regular Meetings of Faculties and Boards :The Administrative Board of the University Press,8:30 a.m.The Faculty of the Senior Colleges, 8:30 a.m.The Administrative Board of Student Organizations, Publications, and Exhibitions, 10:00 a.m.The Faculty of the Ogden Graduate School of Science, 10:00a.m.The Faculty of the Divinity School, 11:30 a.m.Sunday, March 19."Vesper Service, Kent Theater, 4: 00 p.m.Union meeting of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A.rHaskell Museum, 7:00 p.m.Monday, March 20.Chapel-Assembly: Junior Colleges. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m. (required of Junior College Students). ^Tuesday, March 21.Chapel-Assembly: Senior Colleges; — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m. (required of Senior College Students).Division Lectures before the Junior Colleges by Pro^fessor James in Kent Theater, 10: 30 a.m.Botanical Club meets in Botanical Building, Room 23,5:00 p.m.Sociology Club meets in Faculty Room, Haskell, at8:00 p.m.Mr. W. H. Noyes, of the Henry Booth House, speaks on" The Physical, Political, and Social Conditions of Lifein the Seventh Ward of Chicago.' r All are invited.Wednesday, March 22 to Friday, March 24.Quarterly Examinations.Saturday, March 25 to Saturday April 1.Quarterly Recess.sent to the Becorder by THURSDAY, 8:30 A.M.r in