Gbe Tflnt\>er0tt$ of Chicago. Price $J*00 founded by john d. rockefeller Single CopiesPer Year 5 CentsUniversity RecordPUBLISHED BY AUTHORITYCHICAGOZbe "GimvereitB of Gbica^o pressVOL. Ill, NO. 46. PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY AT 3:00 P.M. FEBRUARY 10, 1899.Entered in the post office Chicago, Illinois, as second-class matter.CONTENTS.I. Some Lessons We Ought to Learn. By HeadProfessor H. E. von Hoist 299-30II. Official Notices -------- 3o|III. Official Reports : The Library - 304IV» The Curriculum of the Junior College of Science 304-305V. Recent Numbers of University Periodicals - - 305-306VI. The Calendar - 6Some Lessons We Ought to Learn.*BY HEAD PROFESSOR H. E. VON HOLST,The University.The subject on which I am to address you is not ofmy own choosing. The President chose it for me.I start out with mentioning this, not because I wishto sneak behind this broad, all-covering shield forshelter, in case I should give offense by my remarks,as has been my bad or my good fortune to do everytime I have opened my mouth on this question. Sooften have I been hauled over the live coals that,though I do not particularly relish the process, theprospect of subjecting myself to a repetition of it doesnot make me shake in my boots with terror. I havebecome sufficiently used to it not to consider one ortwo fresh blisters, in addition to the old ones, of verymuch consequence. My reason for stating that thePresident has seen fit to ask me to talk to the Juniorson this particular question is a very different and a veryserious one. If I succeed in impressing upon your* Ah address read at the Junior College Assembly, February 6,1899, minds the lesson it ought to impart to them, a goodday's work will have been done though everythingelse I am to say should be worthless or worse thanworthless.When the President asked me to speak on " expansion" he knew full well that I am a radical opponentof this policy, ready, nay, anxious to fight it tooth andnail, whenever an opportunity offers to do so; and,though, to my knowledge, he has not felt called uponto give his opinions with any definiteness to the public,we are all aware that his views considerably differ frommine. It is this that I invite you to ponder well. Forit does not merely mean that a certain gentleman bythe name of William R. Harper is broad-mindedenough to think that gags, in whatever way applied,are an abomination which, together with other abominations of the benighted past, must be kept wellunder lock and key in the historical lumber-room.It means that as long as he is President of the University of Chicago this great educational institutionis indissolubly wedded to the conviction that free discussion — free, not only in form and before the law,but also in fact and before the forum of public opinion — is the very vital principle of a republican commonwealth. It means that the University of Chicagoearnestly protests against and utterly repudiates thelatter-day notion that whosoever dares, in questionsinvolving the nation's weal and woe for all time tocome, to swim against the current and not to chime inwith the popular clamor, ought to be hooted andpelted down as a miscreant — a man so lost to all trueAmerican instincts that every patriot ought to turnaway from him with contempt and loathing ; — it means300 UNIVERSITY RECORDthat the modern irresponsible anonymous gods, hurling from the editorial sanctum the lightning oftheir anathema maranatha against these audaciousspokesmen of the minority, can find no officialrecognition, and still less official imitators, in thesehalls; — it means that a student going forth fromthem into life as a votary of the notion that ina grave crisis in the nation's life, unsavory arguments can and may be successfully met by drowning those who make bold to present them beneatha flood of scorn, derision, obloquy, and denunciation, will be recreant to his alma mater; — it meansthat this University is not content with being a millturning out bachelors, masters, and doctors, but isbent upon rearing true men, true women, true patriots*not merely revering in theory, but holding sacred inpractice the principles which have made this nationwhat it is — taking along with their diplomas the trueprinciples of true liberty, not to be hung on the waPas a brilliant but lifeless decoration, but as impelling'directing, formative agencies, holding sway over andpervading their every thought and sentiment, tilldeath tolls his curfew bell calling them off from life'swork. Because it means all this I was more than gladthat the President suggested just this subject as thetheme for my remarks ; as a member of the University's educational staff I was grateful for it andproud of it.Looked at from another point of view I was very farfrom deriving satisfaction from it. The nature and scopeof the question are such that the few minutes here atmy disposal would barely suffice just to enumerate themain points from which it ought to be discussed. Topresent an argument on only one or two of themwould, however, be very poor tactics. I am too old ahand at such political jousts to blunder into such apitfall. Though my position were as impregnable as aproposition of Euclid it would not avail me anything. The veriest tyro could pick me to pieces aseasily as he would a man of straw, by simply takingno notice of what I had said and booming away withhis big guns at whatever I had not spoken of. Todemolish an argument that has not been made is notmuch easier than to demonstrate that your failing tosay certain things is tantamount to admitting thetruth and conclusiveness of the antagonist's contentions. Perhaps you will say : " Possibly that is so, butwhat will you do about it ? We cannot listento you more than a quarter of an hour or twentyminutes." Well, I shall tell you quite frankly how Ipropose to get very neatly out of the scrape. I shall notspeak at all of the reasons which in my opinionrender the launching of the nation into a career of imperialism the most portentous mistake, which atthis time human ingenuity could devise.Does anyone reply to this announcement : " That isaltogether too neat a way to get out of the scrape ; incommon parlance that is called backing out ? " Notso. I was one of the very first to give the alarm. I didit at so early a day that, publicly and privately, theharshest epithets were heaped upon me for daring toassume that the war would or could lead to theacquisition of territory. I then — it was at the end ofJune — made an elaborate statement of my reasons ina speech which was printed in full and circulated inmany thousands of copies. I do not not back out.By this statement I still stand. Nothing do I retract,and I should hardly know what to add except by wayof amplification and further illustration. Since thenmany speeches have been made and many articleshave been written, which are undoubtedly much ablerthan mine. But they are so by greater literary finish,more stirring eloquence, a more cogent and convincingway of statement ; substantially new arguments theyhave, to the best of my knowledge, not adduced. Nordo I say that in a spirit of self-complacent vain-gloriousness. It is no matter for boasting that onecan descry a pike staff in clear sunshine at a distanceof two yards. All the leading objections to the newkind of expansion policy, however, seem to me soglaringly obvious that, as the German saying is, ablind man cannot fail to see them at midnight. But,however that be, I have certainly the right to refer tothat speech of mine whomsoever cares to know why 1think that the expansionists are steering us into awhirlpool of dangers and calamities. The opportunitythat is offered me to day I shall try to put to betteruse than I could do by serving a re-hash of part ofwhat I said then.First, I propose to tilt my lance against what I believe to be an exceedingly weak part in the armor ofmy adversaries, while most, if not all, the expansionists evidently think it the strongest part of it. President McKinley has put the argument into an epigrammatic form. His saying " Destiny determines duty "has been exultingly hailed as striking the very keynote of the situation confronting us and pointing usmore unerringly than the needle points to the pole tothe policy we have to pursue, whether or no. In myopinion — I say it with all due respect — the saying isa very nice and clever bit of alliteration, but that isall the merit there is to it. As an axiom, intended toserve as a finger post in practical politics, it is worsethan worthless ; it is in the highest degree harmful,because instead of sober and sound thinking a vaguesounding phrase is made to point the way — a vagueUNIVERSITY RECORD 301sounding phrase eminently fit to serve as a stately,nay as a gorgeously dazzling cloak to any vagaries."Destiny" indeed ! Many years ago, as a student atthe University of Dorpat, I had occasion to see inwhat an odd way destiny is apt to manifest itself attimes. Crawfishes were considered a great delicacy,but not many students could afford to indulge in theluxury. At the restaurant where many of us used todine a dish of crawfish was ordered by a student whohad rendered himself somewhat obnoxious by the ostentatious way in which he gave his comrades object-lessons of his father's wealth. Next to him sat themost famous wag of the university, closely watchingthe slowly progressing preparation of the tit-bit.When the last tiny piece of white and pink meat wasput on the sandwich up jumps the wag, grabs thesandwich, darts off into the next room, stowing away thesandwich into his capacious mouth as fast as he can.The robbed student of course after him, remonstrating, calling the thief all sorts of names, finally challenging him — all in vain, on and on went the hotchase around the billiard table, the wag never sayinga word, but running and chewing. When the lastcrumb had been gulped down, he stopped and gaspedout : " Excuse me my dear fellow, I really did not doit on purpose."The beginning of this little story runs on very different lines from those of the history of our late conflict with Spain, but the ends seem to me to bear avery striking family likeness. We declared war, whenSpain, after yielding to our every demand, finally refused to do what, so far as I remember now, no self-respecting nation in recorded history has ever done —refused to relinquish at our bidding a large and valuable part of her rightful national domain. Still I believe that the body of our people were sincere in theirprotestation that the war was to be waged not for anyselfish ends, but in a truly and grandly altruisticspirit, serving the holy causes of justice, liberty, andhumanity. In entering upon this venture we, however, reckoned without our host in this, that thewretched weakness of Spain proved to be muchgreater than we had expected it to be. Our noble intentions broke down before the onset of the temptations precipitated upon us by this weakness. We notonly took whatever we could lay our hands on, butwith a grand spurt of imagination, the like of whichis not to be found in all recorded history, we claimedto have conquered two thousand islands, while, as amatter of fact, we only had possession of one city inone of them. A bigger dog was never wagged by asmaller tail. Spain, having practically not a ship or adollar left with which to continue the war, had of course to yield to the peremptory demand of the President's peace commissioners, to cede not only all wehad actually conquered, but all we pretended to haveconquered. To the inspiring strains of a brilliantoverture on our unparalleled magnanimity, struck upby the expansion press, we gulp it down all and witha majestic bow to the inhabitants of the ceded islands,to the world at large, and above all to ourselves, weblandly say : " Can't help it ! Really did not do it onpurpose — Destiny ! Duty ! "If we are at liberty thus to manufacture our destinywe can make anything we please our duty. That is theway to make duty a synonym of wish — impulse— craving — appetence. Principles are supplanted by interests. "Interests," I said? No, supposed interests.For nothing can be really our interest that runs counter to and is destructive of the principles on which andby which our national greatness has been reared. Tomaintain them inviolate is our paramount interest,overshadowing all others, for everything else dependson their being thus maintained. To contend that weare under compulsion to manufacture a destiny forourselves which renders it our duty to break themdown and trample them under foot, is to bid us stultify ourselves to a degree no other nation has ever done.The Ate of the ancient Greeks, the Kismet of theMussulmans, repellent conceptions as they are, theyare vastly less so than this kind of destiny to which weare asked to bow down as our supreme ruler.Besides, are we the only people on the face of the earthentitled to a destiny ? The Filipinos, too, set up aclaim for a destiny ; they do not want Uncle Sam's,but Philippine destiny. It is true, we contend thatthe destiny we offer them is much better. May be itis. But what of that ? My friend Mr. Jones of Chicago has always been of opinion that his diet washygienically much more commendable than that ofMr. Smith of Evanston. But when he informed Mr.Smith the other day that he had better give up rendering his life miserable by his unreasonable way of living and conform to the excellent rules laid down forhim by Jones, or there would be trouble, Smith askedhim in reply whether he was an applicant for a placein an asylum, and then showed him the door. That isthe way Uncle Sam has ever been wont to act. Aboutthree quarters of a century ago certain very wise andvery benevolent men in most exalted positions, havingformed a political club called the Holy Alliance, wereprofoundly convinced that the western hemispherewould go to rack and ruin, if it were not subjected toa proper political diet. Uncle Sam's family physicianby the name of James Monroe showed them the doorand warned them never to return ; if they presumed30^ UNIVERSITY RECORDto meddle with the western hemisphere's politicaldiet in any other way than as a — to them — purelyacademical problem, they would be made to see stars.Many years later Napoleon III, improving the opportunity of Uncle Sam's being preoccupied by a familyquarrel, attempted to circumvent that notice and bestow upon distracted Mexico the blessings of a well-ordered French destiny. Uncle Sam never recognizedthe imported destiny called Maximilian. All the timethe home destiny called Juarez alone had the backingof his official recognition, and no sooner had he set hisown house to rights than he bid Napoleon to re -shipthe destiny he had so graciously constructed for thebenighted Mexicans and be off.Thus Uncle Sam is forswearing his old creed, if henow sets about doling out, by dint of the persuasiveforce of his formidable war enginery, destiny — his destiny — to peoples that are foolish or perverse enough towant none of it. To let other folks attend to theirduties as he insisted upon not being interferedwith in attending to his own, that has been his dutyas he has read it for 120 years. Now it is proposed tolet him turn over a new leaf, making it his paramountduty, at the expense of his duties by himself, to compel other peoples to let him take care of their duties.If that be in fact our " destiny," then it is indeed adestiny with a vengeance, dooming us to sap the foundations of our own house for the sake of giving to thedilapidated houses of strangers a new coat of paintand making them in other respects conform a littlemore to our notions of habitableness. I, for one, asan historian and as a reflecting man, who has deliberately chosen to cast his own and his children's lot withthis republic, emphatically enter my protest againstthis doctrine. I assert, confidently defying refutation,that for us as for all other nations holds good whatSchiller lets Tell say to Wallenstein :"In deiner Brust sind deines Schicksals Sterne,"in thine own bosom are the stars of thy fate. We areourselves the molders of our destiny. If harm comefrom our new departure — as I with many others believe that it is as certain to come as it is sure thatcauses must have effects— the responsibility for it willrest not with impersonal, intangible "destiny," butwith the people of the United States and primarilywith those who, in good or in bad faith, from pure orimpure motives, have manceuvered them into consenting that the yoke of this pretended destiny with itsalleged duties be put upon their necks.This leads me to the second point I am anxious toimpress upon your minds as forcibly as I can. Weanti-expansionists and anti-imperialists are as pro foundly convinced of the truth of what we advance, asthe abolitionists of yore were that slavery was a cursewhich could not fail to bring the judgment of heavendown upon a guilty country. But we do not claim tobe infallible. If the future should prove that we areafter all mistaken — if the evil consequences we foreseeand predict should not materialize, or materialize onlyto such an extent that they are indisputably greatlyoutweighed by the beneficent results now promised usby the advocates of imperialism, we should still standacquitted, and more than acquitted, before the judgment seat of history in one most important respect.For the very reason that we are a democratic republicand fast becoming the mightiest state on God's earth,we can afford less than any other nation to be unmindful of the good old nursery rule, "look before youleap," but we have been forgetful of it in this wholebusiness in a truly appalling degree. We have allowedit to be managed, and even gloried in its being managed, as if " destiny " were really driving us with asmart whip. Up to this day the sovereign people havenot expressed their will in regard to it in an authenticway. The President and Congress were elected ontotally different issues. The newspapers, which careever less for their readers because the advertisers arebecoming ever more the decisive factors as to theirfinancial success, set to making public opinion to anunprecedented extent by claiming to voice it. Thepossibilities for playing off bogus for genuine publicopinion have not diminished, but most alarmingly increased in the last decades, and never before have theybeen improved with such tremendous effect as in thisinstance. Every day hundreds of converts were made,not by argument — one could fain think that manypapers deemed it altogether beneath their dignity todeal in the out-of-date article argument — but simply bydint of dinning, day in and day out, into the reader'sears the assertion that everybody was thinking andfeeling a certain way. For a while the Presidentwithstood the Percy Hotspurs of noble and ignoblemotives. Probably he would have been the victor inthe contest, if it had not been for the Maine catastrophe, whose authors are still as unknown to us as onthe day when the wires flashed the dire news over thewhole country. The finding of the experts that theexplosion was due to an outside cause, made the peaceside of the scales kick the beam. The President'shand relaxed. He threw the reins over the neck ofCongress. Congress went it blindly, a goodly portionof party zeal, anxious to put the other fellow in ahole, constituting an unsavory admixture of patrioticardor. Who could have the hardihood to demanda chance for calm and judicious reflection, when theTtinVERSfTY RECORD :303cry " Remember the Maine " made the blood rush tohead and heart ? Still to ask for the diplomatic correspondence that had led up to the Rubicon, still to insist upon discussion, was to proclaim oneself dead tonational honor. In a torrent-like current the countrywas being swept along — whither ? To ask the questionhad become a crime. Aye, I know whereof I speak. Withthe day of Manila " Destiny " in full panoply steppedon the stage to lead us — whither ? To ask the question had become a greater crime, and, at the sametime, proof of something like idiocy. Cervera wascrushed, Spain lay prostrate and the peace commissioners went to Paris to see to it that "Destiny"surely led us — whither? To ask the question hadbecome a folly stupendous enough to make the monksof a Trappist convent burst with laughter. Had wenot a president, who had proved himself the greateststatesman of the age ? To leave everything to himand " no questions asked " was the only course totake, not only by every true patriot, but by every saneman. During the war more than one man of standing, whom I had just seen vigorously join in theapplause elicited by some imperialistic sentiment, toldme in a quiet corner that he in the main thought exactlyas I did. While the peace commissioners were atwork, even Congressmen — provided the papers reportedcorrectly — boasted of it that they had no opinion oftheir own; wherever the President took his standthey would be found. When, after the return of thecommissioners, ominous clouds began to arise at thePhilippines the senate was at once bitterly berated byinnumerable papers for daring to do its constitutional duty in examining and discussing the treatybefore giving its consent to it, instead of ratifying itat once and letting the future take care of the troublesome question what we shall do with the ceded territories. During the war, i. e., while the condition ofthings now confronting us was created, one could hearagain and again from highly cultured men : " As yetI have not bestowed thought enough upon thesequestions to form an opinion." Since the close ofhostilities the staple argument has been : " Now it istoo late to speak about what ought to have been done.We are in it and must make the best we can of the job.What the best is and how it can be accomplished wewill talk about by and by, after having settled withSpain. Besides thus far everything has turned outwell with us and therefore we can be sure of it that itwill be so also now." Such have been the poorchances of reflection and discusssion before, during,and after the war, which has launched us into a new" destiny." That is of even graver portent than the sharactejrof this new destiny. If a nation legally possessed ofa government of the people and by the people getsinto the habit of thus virtually dispensing with reflection and discussion, and consequently with the formation of well -matured opinions of its own, when apowerful appeal to its feeling is made or its passionsare aroused, then it will not long stay possessed of agovernment for the people. What is the sheet-anchorof the republic ? The constitution ? Our great national charter has incontestably stood the test oftime and experience better than any other writtenconstitution history knows of, and the country owes toit so much that one would indeed have to paint witha full brush to make the picture liable to the chargeof exaggeration. Still I answer the query with anemphatic No. In spite of the excellence of the constitution the republic will be irretrievably doomed, ifthe people of the United States cease to be fit for agovernment of the kind indicated in the familiarsaying of Lincoln I just alluded to. The character ofthe American men and women, not merely as individuals, but as citizens — as co-active, co-determining,co-formative constituent elements of the sovereigngeneral will — that is the sheet-anchor of the republic.If that meet the large requirements of a gigantic democracy, we can safely outride every storm ; if that fallpermanently below that high standard, nothing canprevent our drifting into the breakers and foundering.I contend that in this portentous crisis of the nation'shistory it has been found sadly wanting. The situation confronting us is not the result of the people'sdeliberate judgment and will. It is the outcome ofthe combined action of sentiment usurping the function of reflection with the people — of leaders who didnot lead, but merely contrived to be the front row ofthe leaderless crowd running it knew not whither —and of our foe, whose wretched weakness has struckharder blows at us than our strength at him. Wehave not only leaped without looking, but we haveheaped scorn, ridicule, and contempt upon those whourged, nay, in the anguish of their patriotic forebodings implored us to look, and now we put the wreathon the brow of inconsistency, bestowing only commendation and praise upon those who put their ingenuity to the task of arguing away their contentionsof six or nine months ago.These are signs of the times boding us no good.Though all the luscious fruit should be garneredwhich the enthusiasm of the expansionists expects toreap from the new departure, the spirit manifested inthese things cannot with impunity be allowed to take304 UNIVERSI1 Y RECORDroot with our people. The republic rests on a foundation of sand and the waves of time will wash it downall the more certainly the larger its population, thegreater its wealth, the more irresistible its power becomes, if the nation's destiny be not implicitly ruledby the deliberate judgment and the conscious will ofthe people at large, based upon calm reflection andnursed to maturity by full untrammeled discussion.Students of the University of Chicago, if you wantto do your full duty by yourselves, by your almamater, by your country, dare to get at the sober facts,though they be ever so unpalatable, ere you form anopinion ; — dare to do, on the basis of these facts,your own thinking, ere you chime in with what othersprofess to think, and do your own thinking, conscientiously and thoroughly ; — dare to work your wayup from mere opinions to firm, rock-set convictions; — dare to stand by your convictions, not merelypassively, but actively, contending for them with allthe mental and moral strength you have, though everbo few agree with you and ever so many be arrayedagainst you; — dare to live up to your convictions,though the popular passion of the hour in its fatuityand fierce intolerance reward you with cruel denunciation and stinging obloquy. If you do that, then,even if you err, you will have a right to claim foryourselves, even more than Lear, exclaiming :44 Aye, a king, every inch a king ; "then you will have an incontestable right to say, 'Aye,a man, every inch a man ; " "Aye, an American patriot,every inch a true American patriot ! "Official Notices.At a meeting of the Faculty of the Graduate Schoolsheld January 28, 1899, the following persons were accepted as candidates for the degrees named :For the Degree of Master of Arts :Edmund K. Broadus,Sydney C. Newsom,Walter S. Adams.For the Degree of flaster of Science :Laura S. Dickey,Henry C. Riggs,John P. Goode.For the Degree of riaster of Philosophy :Mary Martin Yardley.For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy :John G. Coulter,Hyman E. Goldberg,Johannes B. E. Jonas,Wesley W. Norman,Max Darwin Slimmer. Official Reports.During the month ending January 31, 1899, therehas been added to the Library of the University atotal number of 515 volumes from the followingsources :Books added by purchase, 366 vols., distributed asfollows :General Library, 7 vols.; Philosophy, 18 vols.;Pedagogy, 20 vols.; Political Economy, 12 vols.; Political Science, 29 vols.; History, 30 vols.; Sociology,1 vol.; Sociology (Divinity), 11 vols.; Sociology (Folk-Psych.), 1 vol.; Comparative Religion, 3 vols.; Semitic,9 vols.; New Testament, 10 vols.; Comparative Philology, 3 vols.; Greek, 13 vols.; Latin, 1 vol.; Romance,14 vols.; German, 24 vols.; English, 19 vols.; Mathematics, 12 vols.; Astronomy (Yerkes Observatory), 2vols.; Physics, 15 vols.; Geology, 13 vols.; Zoology, 4vols.; Anatomy, 4 vols.; Palaeontology, 1 vol.; Physiology, 1 vol.; Botany, 1 vol.; Church History, 8 vols.;Systematic Theology, 52 vols.; Homiletics, 2 vols.;Morgan Park Academy, 10 vols.; Dano-Norwegian-Swedish, 1 vols.; Swedish Theological Seminary, 15vols.Books added by gift, 99 vols., distributed asfollows :General Library, 75 vols.; Philosophy, 1 vol.; Pedagogy, 12 vols.; Political Economy, 2 vols.; History,1 vol.; Sociology, 2 vols.; English, 1 vol.; Geology, 1vol.; Botany, 2 vols.; Church History, 1 vol.; Haskell,lvol.Books added by exchange for University Publications, 50 vols., distributed as follows :General Library, 28 vols.; History, 7 vols.; Sociology(Divinity), 1 vol.; New Testament, 6 vols.; Botany,7 vols.; Church History, 1 vol.The Curriculum of the Junior College of Science.The Faculty of the Ogden Graduate School of theUniversity at a meeting held December 17, 1898, passedthe following resolutions which were forwarded tothe Faculty of the Junior Colleges for consideration :1. That the regulations of the University relative to admissionto the Junior Colleges be so amended that in the College of Science the elective units recommended for admission shall notbecome requirements in the Junior Colleges.2. That the regulations of the University relative to the curriculum of the Junior College of Science be so amended that theJunior College work leading to the degree of S.B. shall consistof six majors of science, three majors of Mathematics, threemajors of Latin, French, or German, three majors of English,and three elective majors, etc., etc.UNIVERSITY RECORD 305The Faculty of the Junior Colleges referred theseresolutions to its Committee on Curriculum whichreported on February 4, 1899, the following difficultiesin the proposition embodied in the above resolutions :1. It introduces a system for the S.B. group entirely at variance with that which characterizes the other groups, and whichwould lead to the breaking down of the distinction between theseveral colleges.2. Whereas the University believes that in the Junior Coll egesthe elective work should not be more than one-fifth of the whole,yet, according to the plan proposed, almost one half of the fouryears' preparatory course would be made elective.3. It would secure no uniformity in the student's equipmentinside of the College of Science. In the four years' preparatorycourse 'plus the two years' college course a given student mighthave fifteen majors of Modern Languages and eight majors ofScience ; and another might have nineteen majors of Scienceand no Modern Languages. These cases represent the two extremes, but indicate the direction which, in our experience,irregularities in preparation would take.4. As the above shows, it would not always secure even asmuch Science as the present plan, in which every student at theend of his Junior College course must have either ten or elevenmajors (including preparatory) and may have as many as sixteenor seventeen majors.5. Except for the smaller amount of Latin required (3 mjs.)the S.B. student at the end of the Junior College course mightthus have had precisely the same course as the Ph.B. student,even as regards Science. This slight difference would encourage students to transfer from the College of Science to theCollege of Literature, and vice versa. Any real differencebetween the two colleges' would soon be broken down.6. The large proportion of students who enter without SolidGeometry would not have Analytics as a requirement, sinceonly three majors of Mathematics all told would be required ofthem. In October 1898 out of 168 students entering from thesecondary schools 37 or 22 per cent., entered without SolidGeometry. In the College of Science the proportion was 9 outof *31, or 30 per cent.7. If a student should enter without the Modern Languagesand prefer to take Latin in college he might graduate withouteither French or German. Such students, not having a preference for Latin, would be required to take only three majorsof both French and German in college, instead of nine majorsas at present. .The above mentioned objections may be summarized asfollows : The proposition involvesa) The abandonment of the principle of three distinctivegroups leading to the three colleges and of the arrangement by which inequalities in preparation are adjustedin the first two years of college.b) The failure to secure, of all students, a larger amount ofScience than at present, coupled with the possibility —probably not contemplated by the framers of the motion— of not securing the present amount of Modern Languages and Mathematics. Without question a largenumber of students under the proposed plan would haveone major less of Mathematics and all the way from oneto nine majors less of Modern Languages.In view of these objections and the fact that no more Sciencethan is at present required is secured, it is the unanimousopinion of the committee that the proposition in its presentform is ill-advised. It therefore requests the Faculty of theOgden Graduate School of Science that, if its object was to re duce the Latin requirement, it should formulate a propositionto that effect which does not involve larger consequences, notonly for the College of Science, but also for the other colleges.If the purpose is to secure more Science in the College of Science, something of a different nature is needed.As a matter of fact and experience there has been no lack ofopportunity, so far as the present curriculum is concerned, forthe student to take Science in addition to the present requirement of six majors. In the past four years, the requirementbeing 33% per cent., of the Junior College course, our studentshave taken 31, 32, 28 and 30 per cent, of Science, and 24, 26, 25, and20 per cent, of elective work. Taking out the Latin, which hasbeen reckoned as elective (3, 7.7, 7.7, and 8 per cent.), we findthat the students in their Junior College work have given 21, 18.3,17.3, and 14 per cent, of their time to absolutely free electives.Science to this amount (averaging over three majors) mighthave been taken in addition to the requirement of six majors.It is clear, therefore, that if more Science is desired, the specificrequirement of six majors must be increased either by the displacement of some other subject now required or by reducingthe electives.Respectfully submitted,Edward Capps, Chairman,George E. Vincent,S. W. Stratton,E. O. Joedan,F. I. Carpenter.Committee on CurriculumRecent Numbers of University Periodicals.The contents of the Botanical Gazette for December 1898 are : " The Effect of Aqueous Solutions uponthe Germination of Fungus Spores," being Contributions from the Hull Botanical Laboratory, XI, by F.L. Stevens; "The Physiological Action of CertainPlasmolyzing Agents," by Rodney H. True; "TheEarly Botanical Views of Prunus Domestica," by F. A.Waugh; under Briefer Articles are "Recent Workupon the Development of the Archegonium," byDouglas Houghton Campbell, and the "Homology ofthe Blepharoplast," by Charles J. Chamberlain ; underOpen Letters is " Another Question of Nomenclature,"by T. D. A. Cockerell ; Reviews of the " Organographyof Plants," "Bokorny's Text-book, A New SchoolBotany; " Minor Notices, Notes for Students, News, etc.The contents of the American Journal of Sociologyfor January 1899 are as follows : " Ethical Instructionin School and Church," by E. M. Fairchild ; "TradesUnions and Public Duty," by Jane Addams ; " Concerning a Form of Degeneracy," II, by AlexanderJohnson; "Sex in Primitive Industry," by W. I.Thomas ; " Some Inequalities in Land Taxation," byL. G. Powers ; " The Barbarian Status of Women," byThorstein Veblen ; " Criminal Anthropology in its Relation to Criminal Jurisprudence," by Frances A.Kellor ; Reviews ; Notes and Abstracts ; Bibliography.3W UNIVERSITY RECORD' The following is the table of contents of the Biblical World for January 1899 : I. Frontispiece :"- Some Inhabitants of Gaza." II. Editorials: "Studyprecedes Teaching ; " " Study of the Bible, Search forits Meaning ; " " Attention and Perception ; " " Investigation and Acquisition ; " " Applied to a Whole Book ; ""Applied to a Single Passage;" "After Interpretation, Application." III. "The University of Paris,Biblical Workers in the Theological Faculty " (illustrated), Ira M. Price. IV. " The Purpose and Plan ofthe Gospel of John," Ernest D. Burton. V. Exeget-ical Notes : " John, Chapter I," George H. Gilbert. VI.The Council of Seventy. VII. Work and Workers.VIII. Book Reviews : " Sanders and Kent, Messages ofthe Earlier Prophets" (w. r. h.) ; "Bennett, Primer ofthe Bible " (w. r. h.) ; " The Holy Bible Containingthe Old and New Testament " (s. m.) ; " Geden, Studiesin Comparative Religion" (g. s. g.); "Gladden, SevenPuzzling Bible Books " (h. r. hatch). Literary Notes.IX. Questions and Answers. X. Supplement ; " Theological and Semitic Literature," W. Muss-Arnolt.Calendar.FEBRUARY 10-18, 1899. Monday, February 13.Chapel- Assembly : Junior Colleges. — Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10:30 a.m. (required of Junior CollegeStudents).New Testament Club meets with Head ProfessorBurton, 5524 Monroe av., 7:30 p.m.Subject for discussion: "The Virgin Birth of Jesus," ledby Messrs. Heuver and Davidson.Tuesday, February 14.Chapel-Assembly : Senior Colleges. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m. (required of Senior College Students).Division Lectures before the Junior Colleges by Associate Professor MacClintock, in Kent Theater,10:30 a.m.Wednesday, February 15.Division Lectures before the Senior Colleges by thePresident in the Chapel, Cobb Hall, 10:30 a.m.Meeting of the Y. M. C. A., Haskell Museum, 7:00 p.m.Philosophical Club meets in Faculty Room, HaskellMuseum, 8:00 p.m.Assistant Professor Angell speaks on " Value as a Phycho^-logical Category."Friday, February 10. Thursday, February 16.Chapel-Assembly: Divinity School. — Chapel, Cobb Graduate Assembly.— Chapel, Cobb Hall, 10:30 a.m.Hall, 10:30 a.m.Physics Club meets in Ryerson Physical Laboratory,Room 32, 4:00 p.m. Bacteriological Club meets in Zoological LaboratoryRoom 40, 5:00 p.m.Papers: " Specific Heats of Metals at Low Temperature,"by Mr. Anderson ; " Periodic Symmetry in the Order ofSpectral Lines," by Dr. Mann.Saturday, February 11.Regular Meetings of Faculties and Boards :The Administrative Board of the University Press,8:30 a.m.Administrative Board of University Affiliations,- 8:30 a.m.; The Faculty of the Senior Colleges, 10:00 a.m.The Faculty of the Ogden Graduate School of Science, 10: 00 a.m.The University Council, 11:30 a.m.Sunday, February 12.Day of Prayer for Colleges :9:30-10:15 a.m. — General University Prayer Meeting in theY. M. C. A. Room, Haskell Oriental Museum, led by President Harper.4:00-5:00 p.m. — Vesper Service. Addresses by Miss E. K.Price, International Secretary in charge of College workof the V. W. C. A. ; and Professor C. R. Henderson in behalf of the University. Special Music.7 : 00-7 : 45 p.m. — Union Meeting, at Haskell in the Y. M. C. A.Room, Haskell Oriental Museum, led by Head ProfessorCoulter. H. E. Davies : " Recent Work upon the Coli-TyphoidGroup."Friday, February 17.Chapel-Assembly : Divinity School. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m.Mathematical Club meets in Ryerson Physical Laboratory, Room 36, 4: 00 p.m.Head Professor Moore reads on " Crinkly Curves."Notes: "On a Special Biquadratic Involution," by Mr.McDonald; "Concerning Mechanical Methods of Solving Equations" (second note), by Assistant ProfessorYoung.Saturday, February 18.Regular Meetings of Faculties and Boards ;The Administrative Board of the University Press,8:30 a.m.Administrative Board of Student Organizations,Publications, and Exhibitions, 10:00 a.m.The Faculty of the Junior Colleges, 10:00 a.m.The Faculty of the Divinity School, 11:30 a.m., Material for the UNIVERSITY EBCOED must be sent to the Recorder by THURSDAY, 8:30 A.M., inorder to he published in the issue of the same week.