Sbe Tflntverstts of CbicaaoPflCC $J»00 FOUNDED BY JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER Single Copie*Per Year 5 CentsUniversity RecordPUBLISHED BY AUTHORITYCHICAGO£be TXXnivetsity of Gbfcaso ©tegsVOL IN, NO. 34. PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY AT 3:00 P.M. NOVEMBER 18, 1898.Entered in the post office Chicago, Illinois, as second-class matter.CONTENTS.I. Can There Be a Christian War ? By the Reverend F. A, Noble, D.D. 207-212II. The University Elementary School - - - 212-213III. Current Events 213IV. The Calendar ------ r . 214Can There Be a Christian War?*BY THE REVEREND F. A. NOBLE, D.D.,The Union Park Congregational Church, Chicago.At first flush it would seem to be not an easy, much.less an enviable task to justify war, and especially tojustify it on the basis of the principles and aimsand methods and spirit of Christianity. War ispassion inflamed, the furnace of the wrath of mankindled to consuming heats. It is the upper andnether millstones of conflicting purposes, turningfiercely and grinding to powder whatever comes between them. It is a mighty avalanche, let loose atlast and rushing down the mountain side, bearing rockand forest, vineyard and orchard, peasant's hut andprince's villa, flocks and herds and happy householdsand piling them all up in a promiscuous heap of wasteat the bottom. War is organized destruction. It isthe function of war to tear down what has been builtup, to overthrow what has been established; and property disappears and life withers under its hot breath.* Read at the Conference held in connection with the Twenty-fifth Convocation of the University, October 3, 1898. On what grounds can resort to a measure so terriblefor accomplishing ends be vindicated ? Is there anyvindication of this method of settling disputes andcontroversies ? Is war ever justifiable ? Or if it wasonce justifiable, is it justifiable at the present time ?Or, to come still closer to the topic in hand, can therebe any reconciliation x>f war to the standards and highdemands of Christian morals? Under our modernChristian civilization has war any proper part to play,any real contribution to make, to the development andprogress of mankind? With all the advancementwhich has been registered, and with all the light ofthese closing years of the nineteenth century pouringin upon them, may peoples now as of old invoke thedrastic and awful methods of the battlefield and thenavy engagement to gain their objects? Are there anyobjects so imperative and sacred that before God andthe universe peoples are warranted in invoking swordand gun to secure them ?There are those whose response to this question inwhatever form it may be put is in the negative. Theytake the position that under any and all circumstanceswar is contrary to the moral laws under which welive, and that at the bar of a true ethical conceptionof duty it must stand condemned. Even were this notso, they insist that war is in itself a greater evil thanany evil it may ever be called in to redress. It is betterto endure burdens, so it is claimed,burdens of limitationand injustice and oppression, until they can be remedied by peaceable methods than to fight to get rid ofthem.208 UNIVERSITY BEGOBDTwo facts which have bearing on the question maybe freely admitted and even urged.The first is that in a war there is always wrongsomewhere. In the wars of the centuries of whichwe have account there has never failed to be guilt— often monstrous and appalling — to be laid atsomebody's door. Not unfrequently both parties tothese bloody conflicts have been at criminal fault.But whether both parties have been in the wrongor hot, there has been a woeful departure fromright by some one mind or community of minds. Asthe man with his drawn sword and his message stoodover against Joshua, there at Jericho, so the recordingangel might have planted himself down in front ofGenghis Khan or Napoleon as he was mowing hisswaths of death back and forth over the fields ofhumanity, and said: "This is murder — murder asrank and foul as it is colossal." If the right personsare selected against whom to prefer the charges, thenwar may be denounced in fiercest terms, and everysyllable of the denunciation will be within truth and. propriety. The war of Spain to effect the subjectionof the Netherlands was simply damnable. WhenGreat Britain made war upon China because therulers of that old nation refused to admit the accursedsale of opium to her people, she committed a deed. so black and atrocious that it can be fitly describedonly with ink distilled in the crucibles of the pit. Our,own war with Mexico was a great national crime — inthe providence of God overruled for good, as manyanother mistake and iniquity has been overruled forgood — but yet a great national crime. There wasanother war waged within the limits of the UnitedStates, so wicked in its origin and purpose that nothing but the defeat of those who waged it prevented it.from being one of the most stupenduous moraloffenses and moral disasters recorded in history. But:with Wheeler and Roosevelt locking hands and fighting for liberty side by side ; with Hobson answeringback with his superb courage to the superb courage ofDewey; with Schley and Clark struggling in a gener-. pus rivalry to see whether the Brooklyn or the Oregon. should do the more to sink Cervera's fleet: with Lee asready as Shafter to go the front and face its perils andoear its hardships and win awaiting victories, allunder the same old starry banner of the republic, wecan well afford to let this go, and thank God thatunder the impulse of an inspiration large enough totake us all in we are now and evermore one people,with one flag and one aim and one destiny.•; The second fact to be admitted is that there areends for which, even though the equities of the casemay be on their side, and the gaining of them would be both a gratification to pride and a material advantage, people have no moral right to join in the gage ofbattle. Personal affronts offered to sovereigns, dynastic claims and ambitions, land greed, maintainingbalance of power, creating markets and enlarging thescope of trade and commerce, acquiring coveted harbors, can hardly be advanced in our day in justification of appeals to the stern arbitrament of war. Informer times these and similar reasons were put forthin warrant of fierce and sanguinary encounters between nations — or rather between the heartless rulersof nations — and they were accepted as sufficient.How absolutely free from any commanding dignity,not to say justifying causes, were most of the contests carried on between England and France fromthe time of John Lackland to the better days ofWilliam and Mary. Within the limits of the eighteenth century alone there were in Europe no lessthan four wars of succession of historic importance.Bismarck brought on as many as three wars for theenlargement of the area and power of his country.One hardly needs to stop to characterize wars whichoriginate in motives like these, or which are conductedfor these ends. Wars of this sort are crimes, pureand simple ; and they differ from ordinary crimes ofdeceit and cruelty and oppression and murder only intheir surpassing magnitude. They are robbery andinjustice and slaughter on a scale so vast and successful that the world is dazzled by them ; but they arenone the less robbery and injustice and slaughter.If all this be true, and ends such as these are notsufficiently commanding to justify a resort to arms,when may war be undertaken and for what objects ?When may a people, in the light of reason and withclear conscience and the presumed approval of theMoral Governor of the world, feel warranted in trying to carry their point with the harsh instrumentsof sword and gun and the frowning cannon of armoredship?Not to name other justifications, which to some mayseem equally obvious and strong, there are threegrounds or reasons or ends for trying conclusions inbattle, when all other means of redpess have failed,that would appear to be amply valid.First, a people may band together and take up armsto remove the hindrance and throw off the burden ofintolerable oppression.Men have a right to themselves. They have a rightto their own powers and faculties. They have a rightto the opportunity to make the most of their livesand to achieve the highest destiny open to theirabilities. It is to do violence to the dignity of humannature and to insult Him in whose image men areUNIVERSITY RECORD 209made to hold any single soul or any number of soulsin bondage. The children of Israel, grinding undertheir hard taskmasters down there in Egypt, had aright to their freedom ; and God set his seal to thatright by visiting their enemies with signal disasterand death, and opening a way for their feet throughthe Red Sea and out towards the Promised Land.The right of revolution, which is the right to useforce to secure the redress of unendurable wrongs, inheres in society, and appeals may be made to it in bitter extremities. It is not the mere whim of the moment, nor the excited impulse of a suddenly-arousedenthusiasm or sympathy : it is the sober judgment ofmankind that a people long and outrageously ill-treated ; systematically and relentlessly obstructed intheir aspirations for a chance to live and get on ;robbed and still robbed of the fruits of their self-denial and toil by cruel exactions ; and hurled prostrateand trampled into the dust by the merciless heel oftyranny, may take up arms and shoot their way intodeliverance from their enemies.Does this admit of* successful denial ? Adam Clarksaid : " War is as contrary to the spirit of Christianityas murder." Can anybody persuade his own mindthat Washington and Warren, that Adams and Jefferson, that Hancock and Henry, that Franklin and Lee,were only the conspirators and agents in a greatmurder-plot when they conceived, and, with the helpof their copatriots and the hardy and resolute yeomanry of the country, prosecuted to a triumphalissue the long-fought American Revolution ? SidneySmith said : " In war God is forgotten and every principle of Christianity is trampled upon." Did Cromwell and Hampden and Pym and Eliot forget Godand trample on every principle of Christianity whenthey uttered protest against the usurpations andcrimes of the Stuarts, and at the right hours punctuated their protests with Marston Moor and Naseby ?John Bright said : " If we adhere to the heathenpractice of warfare we should abandon our pretensions and no longer claim to be Christians. Takedown at any rate your Ten Commandments frominside the churches, and say no longer that you readand believe in the Sermon on the Mount." But whenwe stand and see four millions of human beings filepast us, with their wrists scarred with cruel gyves,and their ankles gnawed to the bone by the sharpteeth of hungry shackles, but with their faces towardthe sun and the great word "Hope" written acrosstheir black foreheads, because Abraham Lincoln tookthe sword and beat it into a key with which to unlockthe door of their prison house, shall we be led to thinkthat warfare has no higher functions than to perpetu ate the practices of heathendom, or that there is anything in the Ten Commandments or the Sermon ohthe Mount to rebuke us for this great act of justice fHurl it into the ears of tyrants ; tell it to the op;pressors the world over ; but not to the poor victimsof ambition and greed and all sorts of extortion andcruelty that they may not fight for their rights. Oppressed people — oppressed people of whatever race orcolor or clime, in the very structure of their soulhoodhold God-given rights and privileges. If necessity isupon them they may assert their rights by force.The insurgents of Cuba and the Philippine Islands, areacting in harmony with instincts which God has putinto, the hearts of men, in trying to break away fromthe exacting and outrageous rule of the Spaniards.Just so far as they are intelligent and can respond tomoral law, they owe it to themselves, and their children and their children's children, and to the progressof humanity to fall back on their inborn and inalienable rights of freedom, and strike down their oppressorsand keep them down forever.Second, war is a justifiable means of vindicatingrights already secured and preserving laws and institutions which have been set up at great cost of treasure and blood, and which have been found to bppromotive to an eminent degree of the common welfare.As has been affirmed, there is the right of ultimateappeal to the stern remedy of revolution ; but thereis no right of revolution against righteousness. Badgovernments may be opposed, denounced, and, if theypersist in remaining bad, openly resented and overturned ; but good governments are sacred, and it isthe duty of all good citizens to uphold and defendthem at all hazards.What is the state ? The state is the whole body ofthe people, organized under a general law, written orunwritten, with the design of protecting individualsin their rights, and promoting the common welfare.What is a policeman ? A policeman is the embodiment, within certain limitations, of the dignity andauthority and power of the state; and it is his tomaintain order. What is an army ? An army is "thepolice force of the state enlarged and clothed with atlthe energy for executing the decrees of the state whichnumbers and discipline and the most effective implements of war can give it. A state has a right to exist,and the right to maintain its existence, so long as itdischarges the true functions of a state. To this endit may call upon its citizens to take up arms and cometo its defense in hours of peril.Greece did the right thing in emphasizing her opposition to the invasion of Persia with her Thermopylae210 UNIVERSITY RECORDand Marathon and Salamis. Rome was ready to perish ; but she was in the line of duty when she did herbest to stand out against the destructive invasions ofthe barbarous tribes of the North. The little body ofhis Vaudois subjects were justified by every principleof sound ethics when they refused to be slaughteredby the soldiers of the inhuman Duke of Savoy withoutdoing their utmost to turn the tide of slaughter backon their cruel foes. When a nation is peaceable ;when a people are happy ; when the rulers of a community are patriotic and wise, and their laws arejust, it would seem to be a mockery of reason toattempt to argue that the right of self-defense isinherent in such a nation, or people, or community.A nation, like an individual, may fight for its life.On this point there is no call to go far afield for illustration. Recur again to our own experience. Theunion of these states in which we have our citizenship was preserved, and the flag on which are emblazoned the stars and stripes was kept floating overthe whole domain of the republic simply and solelybecause there were men in such vast numbers onfarms, in offices and schools, in mills and mines andshops and stores, all the way from the Atlantic to thePacific slope, ready to fight for the preservation ofthe Union and the upholding of the flag. This wasa duty. It was also a service beyond estimate, bothto ourselves and to humanity. It was the supremeachievement of democracy.We sometimes think of our free institutions as embodying merely the thoughts and aspirations of thefar-seeing founders of our government. But the bestideas and ideals of all the centuries have expressionin our constitutional liberty. The finest conceptionsof Plato, the deep yearnings of the old Maccabees, allthat Cato ever fashioned to his thought in the line ofindependence and self direction, the passionate dreamsof Italians in the later years of the Middle Ages, thehopes vaguely cherished by the slow-moving Germansback there in their unsubdued forests, the best thatimpetuous and Huguenot producing France had togive, and the rarest fruits of all the contests for liberty and law which England knew from her Alfred tothe Georges, went into the great instrument to whichwe all bow in loving loyalty. Runnymede is in it.Plymouth Rock is in it. Massachusetts with her Puritan dutifulness and Virginia with her Cavalier enthusiasm are in it. This union of states held in one by aConstitution which represents more political wisdomthan any similar instrument ever devised by anypeople, and symbolized in its power and spirit by aflag which stands not for kings and oligarchies andaristocracies, but for man — for man in the simplicity and potency of his manhood — registers the high-water mark of the race in political science and political advancement.Was it right to make a stand and fight for this?Others may invoke the imagination and try to picture the magnitude and extent of the calamity itwould have been to the world had this republic beenrent in twain and put in the way of flying into nobodyknows how many fragments under the assaultsmade upon it. Every throne would have been mademore secure. Every tyrant would have felt that hemight be more tyrannical. Titled orders would haveassumed new importance and spoken in the accents ofa loftier disdain. The capacity of the people for self-government would have been discredited, and thewheels of progress would have stayed in their revolutions. Our experiment would have been only an experiment, brilliant but disastrous ; and poets wouldhave sung of our failure, and essayists and philosophersand statesmen would have rehearsed our story only topoint the moral of political pessimism.Was it right to gird on sword and seize gun and setprancing steeds in array and kindle a flame in loudmouthed cannon for the saving of what meant so muchto the world for all time to come ?As Wordsworth solemnly and sternly sings :" God's most dreaded instrument,In working out a pure intent,Is man — arrayed for mutual slaughter."But there are some things which men have been ableto gain, and some things which they have been ableto preserve only by war.Third, when occasion calls, a nation, wise throughexperience and abundant in resources and able torender effective help, may gird on its armor and go tothe rescue of the weak and oppressed.It may be doubted, indeed, whether on the groundof simple neighborhood relations, a nation, wisethrough experience and rich in resources and in everyway qualified to render an effective service, ever has amore commanding and sacred duty laid upon it thaninterposing, when practicable, with force to arrest thecruel and immoral use of force and give the weak anddown-trodden a chance in life. A nation, as well as anindividual, may be stirred with a righteous indignation;and it is difficult to see why a systematic and long-continued outrage practiced on a whole community isnot to be dealt with by a method as sharp and bymeans as severe as those employed to put a stop to theheartless and cruel deeds of a single person.What, for instance, would have been the duty, andthe probable conduct, of the Samaritan of the immortal parable had he happened to come along, not afterUNIVERSITY RECORD 211the man had fallen among robbers, and been strippedand beaten, and left half dead, and heartless priestand disdainful Levite had passed by, but in the veryact of the crime, when the sand-bagger had his victimby the throat and was despoiling him of his possessions ? He would have remonstrated. But supposethis particular highwayman had looked our kind-hearted and mild-mannered Samaritan in the faceand said : " What do I care for your remonstrances ?"He would have summoned the police. But suppose— not a very violent supposition — there had been nopolice within call. Here he is. This is the situation.The man is front to front with the strong, burly villain who has his grip on the innocent traveler, and inaddition to taking his money is smiting him unto thedust. May he intervene and by a wholesome displayof muscular Christianity stop the outrage and redressthe wrong ? On the basis of any sound ethics ofwhich we have knowledge would he not be under obligation to intervene and risk his life, if need be, tosecure the deliverance of one who was so unjustly andcruelly smitten by a lawless assailant ? In this storyour Lord was teaching a lesson which needed a greatdeal more to be taught than Jthe lesson that menmight fight for their own or other people's rights ; butwho can doubt that He who recognized the principleand propriety of using force to drive the money-changers out of the temple would have justified the vigorous throttling of this robber ?Reason and conscience and common sense unite inthe affirmation of this view. France, as the rival ofEngland, had her own selfish motives for coming forward and lending assistance to the American coloniesin their hard struggle for independence against themother country ; but can anybody be so dull as notto know that this assistance, rendered as it was in anhour of extreme need, was of immense service to thecause of liberty and a progressive civilization, andthat it was right to render this assistance ? The woTldwill never cease to be better, and the grand old causeof human rights will never cease to shine with anadded luster, because of the contribution whichFrance and the sons of France made to constitutionalliberty on this continent when the inhabitants of thecolonies were only three millions, and the destiny ofrepublican government for years, and perhaps centuries to come, hung on the issue of a few battles. Itis well that the name of Lafayette should be evermoreassociated with the illustrious name of Washington,and that the people of this land should rear a monument worthy to perpetuate the memory of one whowas at once so heroic and self-sacrificing, and to whomfreedom is so greatly indebted. With the swiftness of lightning the great Christianpowers of Europe ought to have gone to the aid ofthose brutally massacred Armenians. The greatChristian powers of Europe ought to have put theirhands under poor smitten Crete and lifted her out ofthe reach of the rapine of the Turk and made her anintegral part of the nation to which she belongs. Hadit been Oliver instead of Salisbury who was in controlat Westminster, Greece would never have been allowedto suffer the humiliation she has had to endure in thisrecent period. Timely aid of this kind, too, ungrudgingly rendered, would have carried with it the heartyapplause of intelligent and conscientious men everywhere.In his Samson Agonistes Milton has put thesewords into the mouth of the chorus :" O, how comely it is, and how revivingTo the spirits of just men long oppressed,When God into the hands of their delivererPuts invincible mightTo quell the mighty of the earth, the oppressor,The brute and boisterous force qf violent men,Hardy and industrious to supportTyrannick power, but raging to pursueThe righteous, and all such as honor truth ! "To this feeling of delight in the forth-putting ofstrength to aid the weak and over-ridden all elevatedand virtuous souls make loyal response.The United States was under those bonds of a common humanity which can never be violated with impunity to go to the rescue of cruelly outraged Cuba.The story of the wrongs of the people of this island,as of other islands which have been under the controlof the Spanish authorities, need not be rehearsed ; butit is one to make the blood boil as often as it is recalled. These suffering — long suffering — but struggling people had earned their liberty. Before God andman they had earned it. They had earned it bytheir brave daring. They had earned it by theirmanly protests. They had earned it by the woes theyhad endured. They had earned it by the splendidmartyrs they had given to the " good old cause." Theyhad earned it by holding fast to their aim from generation to generation, and never relinquishing thehope — now dim, now radiant — that some day Godwould interpose and crown their long contest withvictory. They had earned it — earned it ? Is that theword ? Rather they did not have to earn it ; it wastheirs in fee-simple and by charter of the Almighty.What was theirs by a right so incontestable, it wasbut just that these Cubans should have.So on the double ground of the wrongs these islanders were suffering and the rights which belonged tothem in virtue of their manhood, it was a righteousm tffilPE!RSl¥Y MBCORDact for this nation of ours to go armed and equippedto their rescue. For this nation to have remainedindifferent would have been to forget its own history.For this nation to have extended no efficient help ina stress so deep and a crisis so grave, would have beento close its own mouth forever against urging anyother nation to go to the aid of the weak and wrongedand down-trodden.But though there are these justifications for war, itis not to be war forever. Injustice and oppressionand inhumanity and greed are always unreasonableand often deaf to all appeals. So long as the weakare ruthlessly trodden down by the strong, and tyranny is heedless of the cries of the oppressed, plowshares must still be beaten into swords and pruning-hooks into spears. This, however, is only that by andby the process may be reversed, and swords be beatenback again into plowshares and pruning-hooks. Wardisparages war, and one of the final objects of war isthat there may be no war.If righteousness and justice and liberty andtruth are often aided by the sword ; if over andover again in the past the triumphs of righteousness and justice and liberty and truth have depended on the sword, yet the sword will one day havefulfilled its mission and return to rest unused in itsscabbard. With the progress of civilization and asteadily increasing perception and sense of solidarityamong the peoples of the earth, the bonds of practicalbrotherhood are all the while becoming stronger andstronger, and the method of settling internationalcontroversies by arbitration is taking a firmer hold onthe public mind. Frank diplomacy, dispassionate argument, appeals to reason, a careful weighing of consequences, when the question is one of war or peace,are to have a larger place in the future than in thepast. It is easy to imagine what gladness there will bein the divine heart when there is no more wrong inthe earth to be redressed by force, and the interrogation point which follows Tennyson's lines can beomitted :" Every tiger-madness muzzled, every serpent-passion killed,Every grim ravine a garden, every blazing desert tilled."The University Elementary Schoolgroup VI.In this group the ages of the children run from nineto nine and a half years.The preservation of fruit and a comparative studyof cereals have occupied the cooking lesson hours.The old and new method of preservation were ex plained. The cause of fermentation and mold wasknown to some of the children from their lessons inbotany. But not all knew that the germs of moldwere destroyed by boiling, and that this was as necessary for preservation as protection from air. Thepractical work of the class was making of apple jelly.The reasons for cooking, to soften the pulp; forstraining, to separate juice, and the boiling of juiceto evaporate water, and the need of the addition ofsugar were deduced from the children's generalknowledge, and experiments. Apples alone do notmake good jelly, hence quinces were added. Thisshowed the children that there is a special jellyingprinciple of which some fruits contain more thanothers. This they were told was " pectin."The method of preparing the fruit for cooking, thetime necessary, utensils to be used, and general principles involved were observed by the children.In their study of wheat preparations they tookfarina and whole wheat and observed that the formerwas the heart of the whole wheat. In wheatina theydiscovered both the outside brown part of wholewheat, and the white center, or farina. They observedcracked, ground, flaked, and rolled wheat, and decidedthat all were made from whole wheat grains.By experiments they discovered the action ofboiling and of cold water on each, and deduced themethod of preparation. Their results were tabulatedshowing in preparation of ground or rolled wheat theamount of water used, time required to cook, and thequantity when cooked compared to the original quantity used.In sewing the children have made work bags whichare finished and ornamented with an outlined designor initial worked in colored cotton.In science, one half hour a week has been spent inpreparing to take weather observations. The children are going to make thermometers and barometers.The changes in temperature have been noted, and thechildren have thought out the first or simplest recordsthat can be taken. They have studied the thermometer, learned its use and construction, and the causeof the rise or fall of the barometer. The weight ofatmosphere and its relation to rainfall, and the difference in records taken at varying altitudes have beenthe subject of lessons this quarter.The rest of their science work has been in connection with physiography. They have discussed thecauses of volcanoes, earthquakes, and geysers, ajidhave examined various specimens of rock to observethe stratification or crystalline structure. The causesof stratification were explained to them, and theywere given a test for detecting the presence of limeUNIVERSITY RECORD £13in rock. The children's records of this work testtheir powers of description as well as provide a meansfor convenient review.Number work is begun this year in a rather formalway, gathering the facts in regard to numbers alreadylearned into systematic form*Two half -hour periods a week are spent in keepingthe accounts of the school. The children are made tofeel the necessity for keeping accurate accounts. Eachhas his own note book in which from week to weekare entered items from the bills against the school.In verifying the correctness of the bills, adding uptotals and deducting the amount from the allowance,the children are trained in the elements of arithmetic.The records are kept in bookkeeping style and necessity for neatness and accuracy is made clear.The history of the United States begun with thegroup last year is continued. Last year typical English, Dutch, and southern colonies were studied, upto about 1660. From that point they have continuedthis year. The first attempts of union for defenseagainst the Indians were explained, and the continuation of the Union because of the situation in England.The colonial government has interested the children,and they have begun to compare it with what theyknow of our present government. This has beenshown in their ideas of law. They have asked whosebusiness it is to frame them, whose to execute them,and who decides the penalty for infringement. Thesettlements of Rhode Island and of Connecticut, andand the reasons for the separation from the Massachusetts colony have been studied, and the change ingovernment compared.This group began French and have learned thesimpler verbs, the names of fruits and foods, the daysof the week, and how to tell the time of day. , Thechildren are taught to act out the word or sentencelearned wherever possible, and as soon as sufficientwords had been learned, they were grouped into adramatized form, which the children act out. Forexample, a member of the class will say in French :" It is seven o'clock, it is time to get up. I must washmy face and comb my hair."A wash bowl is in the room. He pours out thewater and washes his face and hands, telling in Frenchwhat he does. He finds the water too cold, rings forthe servant, whom he scolds for forgetfulness. Theservant replies, complaining of her heavy tasks.As much French conversation is introduced as possible. The next part of the "play" will be breakfast,in which the various foods will be mentioned, andother people brought in.In musie they hav© had considerable drill, and are able to recognize melodies in almost any key. Theyhave learned to name musical notes on the staff andkey board, and have begun work on an originalThanksgiving song. Two lines of poetry and twomelodic phrases have been offered by individual members and accepted by the class.Little original art work has been done by this group.Most of their efforts have been spent in drawing fro-objects to gain correct ideas of proportion and peispective.In manual training the woodwork for an inkstandhas taken the attention of this group. The piece ofwood is to form a stand on which square bottles forink can rest. The stand is ornamental in shape andinvolves the carving of a star-shaped figure. Thebracket-saw, the compass, and chisel are tools used.Current Events.Professor Edmund J. James delivered an addresson " The Modern University and Its Relation to ModernSociety" before the Northern Illinois Teachers Association at La Salle, Friday evening, October 28.Professor Wisner who is delivering a course oflectures in French on the North Side, will lecture inthe Chapel Friday, November 25, at 4:00 p.m. on"Les Felibres." In this lecture, which will be inFrench, he will describe the revival of Provencal literature in the present century and give some personalrecollections of the leaders of the movement.The annual meeting of the University of ChicagoSettlement League was held at the residence of Mrs.W. R. Harper, Wednesday afternoon, November 16.The annual election of officers took place. The newlist of officers is as follows :President — Mrs. Charles Zueblin.Vice President — Mrs. A. C. Miller.Recording Secretary — Mrs. Paul Shorey.Corresponding Secretary — Mrs. H. S. Fiske.Assistant Corresponding Secretary -4 Mrs. E. E.Sparks.Treasurer — Mrs. Henry Rand Hatfield.Assistant Treasurer — Mrs. W. M. Wheeler.Directors — Mesdames W. R. Harper, C. R. Henderson, C. F. Millspaugh, H. Maschke, Miss Peabody,Mrs. R. G. Moulton, Mrs. C. P. Small.The League was afterwards entertained at tea byMrs. Harper.The new officers and directors, and all chairmen ofcommittees will meet with Mrs. Zueblin at luncheonWednesday; November 23^ a;t twelve o'clock.214 UNIVERSITY RECORDCalendar.november 18-26, 1898.Friday, November 18.Chapel-Assembly : Divinity School. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m.Mathematical Club meets in Ryerson Physical Laboratory, Room 35, 7:30 p.m.Associate Professor Maschke will read on "A theoremconcerning Finite Groups of linear homogeneous substitutions."Notes: " On certain integrals of irrational functions," byMr. Findlay; "A theorem of Weierstrass concerninglinear differential equations," by Dr. Boyd.Physics Club meets at 4:00 p.m. in Room 32, RyersonPhysical Laboratory.Papers to be presented as follows: "Chas. P. Brush'sDiscovery of the New Gas Etherion," by C. W. Chamberlain: "The Circulation of Gaseous Matter in Crookes'Tubes," by A. C. Longden; "Ratio of the Velocities ofthe two Ions Produced in Gases by Rontgen Radiation,"by P. McJunkin.Saturday, November 19.Regular Meetings of Faculties and Boards :The University Council, 8:30 a.m.The Faculty of the Junior Colleges, 10:00 a.m.The Faculty of the Divinity School, 11:30 a.m.Sunday, November 20.Vesper Service, Kent Theater, 4:00 p.m.Address by Mrs. Florence Kelly, "Factory Legislation andits Claim on Philanthropists."Union meeting of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A.,Haskell Museum, 7:00 p.m. Tuesday, November 22.Chapel-Assembly: Senior Colleges. — - Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m. (required of Senior College Students).Club of Political Science and History meets in CobbHall, Room 10 D, at 4:00 p.m.Subject for discussion, " Constitutional Questions involvedin the Government of Foreign Dependencies by theUnited States." Discussion will be led by Head Professor Judson. All interested are invited.Botanical Club meets in the Botanical Laboratory,Room 23, 5: 00 p.m.Professor C. F. Millspaugh of the Columbian Museumwill speak on "New Methods of Field Work in Botany."The discussion will deal especially with the plans for atrip through the West Indies Islands, upon which tripProfessor Millspaugh will start early in December.Forum Literary Society meets in Y. M. C. A. RoomHaskell Museum, at 7:00 p.m.Wednesday, November 23.Zoological Club meets in Zoological Laboratory^Room 24, at 4:00 p.m.Dr. S. Watase will read on " The Characteristic Featuresof Mitosis and Amitosis."Geological Club meets in Walker Museum, 4:30 p.m.Professor O. C. Farrington will give an account of themeeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.University Settlement Committee holds its regularmonthly meeting in the Faculty Room at 4:30 p.m.Meeting of the Y. M. C. A., Haskell Museum, 7:00 p.m.Mr. A. E. Bestor on "The Need of Christian Fellowship."Thursday, November 24.Thanksgiving Day — A Holiday.Monday, November 21.Chapel-Assembly : Junior Colleges. — Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10:30 a.m. (required of Junior CollegeStudents).Germanic Club meets in the Germanic Library, CobbLecture Hall, 2:00 p.m.Mr, Jonas will read on "Heinrich der Teicbner;" Dr. Allenon " Wilhelm Miiller und das Schnaderhupfei."Weekly Reception, Foster Hall, 4: 00-6:00 p.m.New Testament Club meets at 5524 Monroe av.7:30 p.m.Subject for discussion: "Do the recorded teachings ofJesus contain all that is essential to Christianity?"Discussion will be led by Messrs St. John and Pentuff . Friday, November 25.Chapel-Assembly : Divinity School. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m.Lecture (in French) by Professor Wisner on "LesFelibres," Chapel, Cobb Lecture Hall, 4:00 p.m.(see p. 213).Saturday, November 26.Regular Meetings of Faculties and Boards :The Faculty of the Morgan Park Academy, 8 : 30 a.m.The Administrative Board of the University Libraries, Laboratories, and Museums, 10:00 a.m.The Faculties of the Graduate Schools, 11:30 a.m.Material for the UNIVERSITY EECORD must be sent to the Recorder by THURSDAY, 8:30 A.M., inorder to be published in the issue of the same week.