Price $J*00Per Year £be ^University of ChicagoFOUNDED BY JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER Single Copies5 CentsUniversity RecordPUBLISHED BY AUTHORITYCHICAGOUbe TUniversttE of Gbtcago ©teesVOL III, NO. 32. PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY AT 3:00 P.M. NOVEMBER 4, 1898.Entered in. the post office Chicago, Illinois, as second-class matter.II.III.IV. CONTENTS.The Twenty-fifth Quarterly Statement f thePresident of the University, ... - 195-200Official Notices - 201The University Elementary School - - - 201-202The Calendar 202The Twenty-Fifth Quarterly Statement of the Presidentof the University*Ladies and Gentlemen :I have the honor to submit the twenty -fifth quarterly statement of the University.THE ANNUAL REPORT.It was announced at the July Convocation that anannual report of the University would be publishedfor the first time this autumn. The proposed reportwill appear in November. It is intended, however,that it shall be more than a report for the year 1897-8.Assistant Professor Shepardson of the Department ofHistory has undertaken, with the aid of the heads ofthe various departments of administration and instruction, to prepare a resume* of the work of the University from the beginning. In this way it is hopedto preserve much valuable information concerning thehistory of the first years of the University whichwould otherwise be lost. For the proper execution ofthis enlarged plan it is necessary to have the cooperation of each officer of the University. The report,when prepared, will deal with every phase of the University life and work. It is hoped that as aneducational document this report will prove to beof value.THE SUMMER QUARTER.The attendance during the Summer Quarter whichhas just closed was the largest of any Quarter sincethe organization of the University. The attendancein previous summer quarters was as follows :First Term. Second Term. Quarter.1894 - 566 338 6051895 ... 822 , 402 9321896 ... - 945 493 10521897 - - - 1256 559 1273The attendance during the Summer Quarter of1898 was for the First Term, 1342; for the SecondTerm, 744; in all, 1421. The most encouragingfeature of the attendance was not the general increaseof 15 per cent., but rather the 33 per cent, increasein the Second Term. The numbers were distributedas follows :GRADUATE SCHOOLS OF ARTS, LITERATURE, AND SCIENCE.* Presented in connection with the Twenty-fifth Convocationof the University, held in the Fine Arts Building, Chicago,October 1, 1898. Men. Women. Total.a) Arts and Literature - - 218 127 345b) Ogden School of Science - 202 44 246Total - - - - 420 171 591 591THE COLLEGES.Men. Women. Total.Senior Colleges - 74 44 118Junior Colleges - 83 71 154 272Unclassified Students - - 113 274 387 387Total ... 270 389 659 659THE DIVINITY SCHOOL.Graduate Divinity - 124 7 131Unclassified Divinity - - 33Tnf.nl 7 401711421196 UNIVERSITY RECORDThe representation by states was as follows :Alabama 11, Arkansas 17, California 3, Colorado 10,Connecticut 2, Florida 6, Georgia 36, Illinois 506,Indiana 100, Iowa 109, Kansas 61, Kentucky 34, Louisiana 5, Maine 2, Maryland 10, Massachusetts 11, Michigan 40, .Minnesota 15, Mississippi 23, Missouri 48,Montana 4, Nebraska 17, Nevada 0, New Hampshire 0,New Jersey 3, New York 34, North Carolina 5, NorthDakota 2, Ohio 67, Oregon 0, Pennsylvania 28, RhodeIsland 2, South Carolina 12, South Dakota 10, Tennessee 19, Texas 34, Utah 7, Vermont 1, Virginia 10Washington 4, West Virginia 3, Wisconsin 54, Wyoming 3, Oklahoma 4, District of Columbia 4, Canada12, England 1, Italy 1, Nova Scotia 1, Sweden 2.The following professors from other institutionswere members of the professorial staff : BernardMoses, Professor of Political Economy in the University of California; Caspar Rene Gregory, ProfessorOrdinarius-Honorarius of Theology in the Universityof Leipzig ; Gaston Bonet-Maury, Professor of ChurchHistory in the Protestant Faculty of Theology in theUniversity of Paris; Noah K. Davis, Professor ofPhilosophy in the University of Virginia ; FrederickJ. Turner, Professor of History in the University ofWisconsin ; H. H. Kingsley, Superintendent of PublicSchools, Evanston, 111. ; Thomas W. Page, Professorof Political Economy in Randolph-Macon College;Arthur T. Walker, Professor of Latin in the University of Kansas ; Francis Asbury Wood, Professor ofGerman in Cornell College, Mount Vernon, Iowa ;Henry W. Thurston, Hyde Park High School;George A. Moore, Cornell University.NEW APPOINTMENTS.The following new appointments have been madesince July 1 : Professor Geo. Kriehn, of StanfordUniversity, to a Lectureship in History in the University Extension Division; J. David Thompson, ofOwens College, England, to an Assistantship in Physics ; Professor Albert Perry Brigham, of Colgate University, to a lectureship in Physiography ; Edward Ambrose Bechtel to an Assistantship in Latin ; Harry D.Abells to an Assistantship in Morgan Park Academy;Warren Fite to an Assistantship in the Physical Laboratory ; E. L. Johonnott to an Assistantship in thePhysical Laboratory ; H. N. McCoy to ao Assistantshipin Chemistry ; Hiram Van Kirk to be Head of Disciples'Divinity House ; Rev. Erret Gates to give instructionin special courses in Disciples' Divinity House ; Dr.E. A. Balch to an Assistantship in the Class-studyDepartment, University Extension Division. THE UNIVERSITY'S RESOURCES.The Comptroller's Financial Statement for theFiscal Year 1897-8 is as follows :INCOME.Estimated Receipts $703,213.00Actual Receipts 706,973.63Estimated and Actual : Showing Sources.Estimated Actual.1. General Administration $ 9,100.00 $ 8,515.002. Faculty of Arts, Literature, andScience 338,168.00 339,723.843. The Divinity School - 47,690.00 50,490.964. Morgan Park Academy - - - 20,900.00 16,437.795. University Extension - - - 30,000.00 35,503.736. Libraries, Laboratories, and Museums 13,165.00 12,674.537. Printing and Publishing - - 21,750.00 19,033.788. Physical Culture ....9. Affiliated Work - - 600.00 620.5510. Buildings and Grounds - - - 28,840.00 30,688.7011. General Funds 193,000.00 193,284.75Total $703,213.00 $706,973.63DISBURSEMENTS.Estimated $683,644.00Actual 678,399.75Estimated and Actual : Showing Distribution.Estimated. Actual.1. Administration and General Expense - $69,409.00 $63,312.432. Faculty of Arts, Literature, andScience ..--,- 329,491.00 328,856.943. The Divinity School - - - - 47,300.00 49,222.144. Morgan Park Academy - - - 34,695.00 34,315.885. University Extension - - - 35,790.00 40,945.176. Libraries, Laboratories, and Museums 39,165.00 44,509.807. Printing and Publishing - - - 37,260.00 43,813.378. Physical Culture .... 7,600.00 6,844.159. Affiliated Work 1,900.00 1,940.1710. Buildings and Grounds - - - 63,755.00 64,929.7011. Contingent Expenses - - - 36,848.00Total $703,213.00 $678,399.75ASSETS.Endowment Investments - - - $5,758,850.46Buildings and Grounds - - - 2,592,011.71Books, Furniture, and Apparatus - 470,770.14Printing Office and Bookstore Plant 26,573.37Bills receivable 3,855.04Accounts receivable ... - 5,552.65Stock on hand 572.67Printing Office 7,877.67Bookstore, etc. . - - 2,296.50Uninvested Funds 74,944.30Total $8,943,304.51ATHLETICS.The friends of university education have been seriously disturbed by the apparent lack of good feelingwhich during several months has manifested itselfUNIVERSITY RECORD 197among the universities in the athletic relations whichthey sustain to each other. It seems desirable, andperhaps necessary, to state in a few words the realpoint at issue. The question, in a word, has beenwhether the athletics of the colleges and universitiesmay be conducted without the taint of professionalism. A few institutions have made a most earnesteffort to secure this end. This effort, until very recently, was not seconded by some of the largest institutions. In these, while unquestionably a generalsentiment prevailed in favor of purity in athletics,there was, nevertheless, an indisposition to take thenecessary steps to secure the thing desired. Therupture came last May when, because certain professionals were allowed to engage in an athletic meet,three institutions withdrew from the Western Intercollegiate Association. This method was, to be sure,a violent one ; but nothing else, it seems, would havebeen sufficient. As a result of this action, investigation of the cases was forced upon the institution andthe result was, of course, a conviction of the personswho were known to be professionals. This has beenfollowed by a recognition of the principle involved.Similar action has been taken by the Western Intercollegiate Association, and the institutions that hadbeen expelled for withdrawing under these circumstances have been restored to the association. It isimportant that the friends of higher education shouldappreciate the real significance of the struggle whichhas now been brought to a conclusion. It was aquestion of honesty, a question, in the truest sense, ofmorality ; and, the stand taken by all the institutionsrepresented in the association is one which involves, in no small degree, the real prosperity of theinstitutions. The deep athletic interest which manifests itself in our institutions of higher learning, is athing not to be deprecated but to be encouraged anddirected. A great step forward has been taken inthese last weeks toward a purer and sounder athleticsentiment, and university life will be, by so much, amore wholesome life than it has been before.THE COLLEGE OP COMMERCE AND POLITICS.It is with a feeling of great satisfaction that I mayannounce the inauguration during the past quarterof the College of Commerce and Politics. It will beremembered that the undergraduate work of the University was organized in three colleges, the College ofArts, the College of Literature, and the College ofScience, each college taking its name from the groupof subjects upon which special emphasis was laid.When it was first proposed by Head Professor Laugh-lin that the University should organize work in a line of subjects dealing more closely with the great fieldsof commerce and politics, it was still a questionwhether that work should take the form of a professional school or be organized as regular college work.After long debate in the faculties and senate of theUniversity it was decided that the work should beorganized as a college and administered as such.Herein lies the great difference between the work asthus presented in the University of Chicago and certain work of perhaps a similar character undertakenelsewhere.A strong desire has already been indicated in theminds of many to do their college work along the linesof the departments more prominently represented inthis college. The interest has been as great as wasexpected, and the results thus far justify the steptaken.THE COLLEGE FOR TEACHERS.The University congratulates itself upon the favorable circumstances under which the new College forTeachers has just been opened. The heartiness withwhich the principals and teachers in the city of Chicago and its vicinity have greeted the proposition ismost encouraging. It is, of course, difficult to makeentirely clear the real purpose of the college. In thefirst formulation of the idea, as prepared by DeanMacClintock, it was clearly pointed out that theinstitution should not be one organized to prepareteachers for their profession. The need of such aninstitution may be very great, but the work of ourCollege for Teachers lies in an entirely different direction. It is known to all that of the more than fivethousand teachers in the city of Chicago only a smallpercentage have had the privilege of availing themselves of opportunities of college study. The real purpose of the organization which has been made possibleby the munificence of Mrs. Emmons Blaine, is to placewithin the reach of these four or five thousand teachers an opportunity to do real college work, an opportunity to fit themselves in a larger way for the responsibilities they have assumed. The work of the collegehas nothing to do with methods of instruction. Itconfines itself exclusively to the task of providingcourses of instruction in the various departments ofthe college curriculum, a mastery of which will furnishthe teachers with a broader horizon in the variousfields in which they work and elevate them to a higherplane of knowledge in their respective departments.The University appreciates very keenly the cordialitywith which its efforts in this direction have been metby the Board of Education of the city. In the opening exercises of the college last evening in this hall198 UNIVERSITY RECORDwords of kindly welcome were uttered by the President of the Board of Education, Mr. Harris, and bythe Superintendent of Schools, Mr. Andrews. Itshould be kept in mind, however, that the opportunities of the college are not restricted to teachers. Anyperson who has the needed preparation, will be admitted to the courses offered. In connection with theCollege for Teachers I desire to mention another factof great importance, and that is the intense interesttaken in this new work by the professors and instructors of the University. The new faculty organized forthe conduct of this work is as strong as any in theUniversity, for it includes representatives of everydepartment and in many cases the heads of the departments of instruction. To this faculty has beengiven by the Board of Trustees the power to enactsuch special legislation as may be needed in the interests of the College for Teachers. We deem ourselvesexceedingly fortunate in being able to secure roomsfor the college so convenient and satisfactory as thosewhich have been arranged in the building in whichwe meet tonight. Surely, the University and the city,and, above all, the tens of thousands of parents whosechildren are in the schools of the city owe a debt ofgratitude to the woman who has made possible theorganization of this new work for teachers.RUSH MEDICAL COLLEGE.There has been speculation in the minds of some asto the general effect which would follow the establishment of close relationship between the University andRush Medical College. In the reorganization of theBoard of Trustees, the payment of the debt, and theraising of the standards for entrance, steps were takenwhich had been agreed upon as the basis of the relationship between the two institutions. It was, however, a serious question whether the membership ofthe faculty on the one hand and the membership ofthe student body on the other would join heartily inthe reorganization which was deemed necessary forthe best interests of the college. Sufficient timehas not elapsed to furnish the data for answeringthis question. Certainly, important steps in thedirection of reorganization have been taken, butthese are only the first steps, and the real work hasyet to be accomplished. This will include (1) thebetter organization of the faculty. In so large anumber of men it will be found that there are somewho, doubtless, are not specially fitted to do theirwork and for whom substitutes may be found betteradapted to the work. 2) It will include the better organization of the curriculum. It must be a self-evident proposition that a curriculum which requires the student to spend his entire time in the lectureroom, and which makes no provision for work in libraries, and in which provision for laboratory work isclearly defective, demands reconstruction. 3) It willinclude the improved social conditions in the studentbody. With better preparation and consequent greatermaturity of mind, it will be possible, and indeed necessary, that higher forms of student life be adopted.It is a source of extreme satisfaction that the facultyand students have already shown the greatest interestin the work of developing the university spirit. Theproblems which require solution are many and difficult,but with the continuance of the good spirit which hasthus far prevailed there is nothing that we may nothope to accomplish.NEW BUILDINGS.It gives me pleasure to announce that the new hallfor boys erected in connection with the Morgan ParkAcademy is practically finished. This East Hall is separated from West Hall (built last year) by the length ofthe athletic field lying to the southward of the twohalls. This brick and stone building 125 X 50 feet isdivided by a fire wall so that there are practically twohalls. It has most complete sanitary, heating andventilating plants ; and also very complete kitchenarrangements together with a spacious and elegantdining hall. This building has capacity for seventyboys with the necessary additional rooms for residentmasters ; the building will be ready for occupancy bythe middle of the present month.The new hall for women, provision for which wasmade in June by Mrs. Elizabeth G. Kelly, to becalled Green Hall in honor of her parents, is rapidlyapproaching completion. It will be finished and readyfor occupancy by November 15. So great is the demandfor rooms on the University grounds that every roomin the new building would have been filled during thefirst part of the summer quarter and in the presentquarter had the building been finished.OUR NEW PROFESSORS.I desire on behalf of the University to extend ahearty word of welcome to the new members of ourstaff. To these new members of the University weoffer the hand of fellowship, and we trust that theymay find in the University that kind of life in whichthe interests which they and we hold in common maybe best served. It is of general interest that duringthe present quarter, in addition to the regular staff ofthe University, work in the University will be performed by Professor Karl Budde of the University ofStrassburg, who will deliver six lectures upon theUNIVERSITY RECORD 199History of Ancient Israel. We greet our new colleague,Professor Budde, with great pleasure, and welcomehim to this, his first service in an American University.Principal A.M. Fairbairn of Mansfield College, Oxford,will sail October 27 from England to India to performthe service connected with the Barrows Lecturshipfounded by Mrs. Caroline E. Haskell. His course oflectures will be repeated at different points in India.To this service Principal Fairbairn devotes the largerpart of the scholastic year. Librarian John VanceCheney will deliver six lectures before the University.Mrs. Ella F. Young, Assistant Superintendent of theChicago Public Schools will conduct a course of instruction in the Department of Pedagogy during thewinter and spring quarters. Professor Wilbur F.Jackman, of the Chicago Normal School, will conductcourses of instruction in the Department of Pedagogythroughout the scholastic year.PAUL LE MAITRE.We remember that when we last met in Convocationour country was engaged in a war with Spain. Wejoin with all the world in thanksgiving that war hasceased and that battle no longer rages. But in thesedays of rejoicing we do well to pause and think of themen who laid down their lives on behalf of theircountry. Among the men who enlisted in the Spanish war fourteen went out from this University. Ofthe fourteen all save one returned. This one, Paul LeMaitre, was one of the boys of the University. Thefollowing may be regarded as an official statement,coming as it does from the pen of Major E. B. Tolman,of the First Illinois Volunteers :Our details who were left at Siboney have suffered fromyellow fever. They were guarding the Yellow Fever Hospitaland four of them fell victims to the foe against which an entrenchment affords no shelter and whose fire cannot be returned.Among these was Paul Le Maitre, one of the University boys,poor fellow. We received the news of his death with great sadness. He was a very likeable boy. He died, however, at thepost of duty, guarding the sick, digging the graves and firingthe volley over the bodies of his comrades, and engaged inthe noble and necessary work of preventing the spread of infection and death. He, like all his comrades, knew the dangerand faced it courageously. He could not have shown morereal heroism in the field of battle.NEW GIFTS.Since the Convocation in July the following giftshave been received by the University. Some of thesehave already been given public announcement.The gift of $5000 a year for fs\e years in connectionwith the College for Teachers by Mrs. Emmons Blaine,a gift of $5000 for equipment and books in the Depart ment of Physics by Mr. Martin A. Ryerson, Presidentof the Board, a gift of $2000 for an elevator in GreenHall by Mrs. Elizabeth G. Kelly, a gift of $3000 byMrs. Nellie B. Linn for the University ElementarySchool, a gift of $500 by Mrs. A. C. Bartlett for theUniversity Elementary School.SOME TOPICS FOR CONSIDERATION.There are three things which seem to me to deservethe consideration of our faculties :For the sake of convenience the work of instructionin the University is organized in departments. Butthe line of separation between the departments is inmost cases a line impossible to be fixed. In thesedays as a matter of fact, the distinction betweenBotany and Zoology, between Latin and Greek, between Political Science, Political Economy and History, is a distinction which is purely artificial. Thebest work is accomplished by the man who disregardsall such artificial lines and deals with problems.Every important problem will carry the student of itinto half a dozen departments and he must be free towork without hindrance. The time will come whenthese so-called distinctions of departments will disappear, as today the prescribed curriculum of the fouryears college course is rapidly disappearing. Thethree questions, just referred to, as deserving the consideration of our faculty grow out of this organizationinto departments.1) Correlation of Departments.There should be a better correlation of the work inclosely allied departments. The separation of departments has been too greatly emphasized by some of theheads of departments. Certain divisions of work havebeen isolated to a greater or less extent from otherdivisions closely related. This is due to the fact thatno sufficient effort has been made by the heads ofclosely related departments to work out together theplans of instruction. The result has been that insome cases there is duplication, which is wastefulboth of energy and of money. There is always thedisadvantage suffered by the student because of hisinability to arrange the work which he desires toundertake. It is exceedingly important for the bestinterests of the University that this growing evil becorrected and to this end the officers of certain groupsof departments will be requested to meet and takesuch steps as the difficulties in the situation maydemand. An arrangement of work which is formaland which has been introduced merely for the sake ofconvenience must not be permitted to interfere with200 UNIVERSITY RECORDthe best interests of students or of instructors or ofthe University at large. In our own University thisevil appears to be greatest in the departments of science. Here positive injury may be done the studentif care is not taken to guard the situation.2) Archaeology and Art Instruction.Another matter relates to a better organization inthe departments interested, of instruction offered inArchaeology and Art. The history of art and the studyof art appreciation cover a wide field and enter intomany particular departments. Indeed the variouscontributions to this subject must come from at leasteight or ten different departments, as now organized.At present, without systematic effort, work bearingdirectly or indirectly upon the subject under consideration is offered in the subdepartment of Egyptian,in the Semitic department, in the classical departments, as well as in the departments of history andliterature. There is a sense, too, in which from anotherpoint of view, the subject should be treated in thedepartment of pedagogy ; while aesthetics is, after all,a distinct department of philosophy. The time hascome in the development of our courses of instructionwhen all this work should be brought together andarranged in systematic form. The contributions tothe subject from the various departments should notall be given in a single quarter, but should be distributed in logical order. This is only possible by cooperation. In a subject like this, as in the subject of literature, the distinction of departments breaks down.The department of archaeology and art, like the department of literature (in English) organized last year,must group under itself the work of many departmentsand arrange this work according to some plan whichwill introduce order in place of the present confusion.3) Curriculum of the Divinity School.There is still another readjustment needed, and nowI appreciate the fact that I am treading upon dangerous ground. I refer to the work of the theologicalfaculty. In what I say, however, I have nothing inmind which is peculiar to the work of our own divinity school. The organization of instruction in thetheological schools of all Christian denominations ispractically of one type. The variations are very slight.This type is that which has come from the New England theological seminary. There is not time thisevening to enter upon a specific criticism of this typeof organization and arrangement of work. It is sufficient to say that the environment in which it hadits origin has utterly changed, while the thing itselfstands almost unchanged in a hundred years. There is great unrest in the minds, not only of practicalmen but as well of those who view the matter fromthe point of view of scholarship, with respect to thepresent character of the theological seminaries of thiscountry. There is just ground for the complaintwhich is now becoming general that the whole question of theological instruction, its tendencies and itsmethods, deserve a full and complete investigation.The theological seminaries are not in touch with thetimes. They do not meet the demands of the times.They are not preparing men for the ministry who areable to grapple with the situation in which the Christian Church today finds itself. These men are prepared, perhaps, to solve the problem of rural parishes,but they are for the most part unfitted to deal withthe urban problems. The old and artificial distinctionbetween Old Testament Exegesis and New TestamentExegesis, Ecclesiastical History and Dogmatics, isone which cannot be maintained. The Old Testament student takes up no problem that does notrequire of him the use of the New Testament ; andthe New Testament student cannot deal intelligentlywith a single subject, who has not considered thatsubject in all its details from the Old Testament pointof view. The introduction of Biblical Theology asdistinguished from Dogmatic Theology has producedconfusion in the organization. One-third to one-halfof the time of the theological student is wasted in thisvain effort to accommodate himself to the requirements of the so-called departments, involving artificial distinctions which exhaust his patience and histime. A new order of things is demanded and theindications seem to point to the introduction of thisnew order of things in the opening years of the coming century; but meanwhile we are drifting, and precious time is being lost. I raise the question whetherour divinity school may not be one of the pioneers inreadjusting the work of training men for the ministryto the new conditions which exist today. To do thiswill require courage and great skill. I do not have inmind the question of creed or doctrine. My thoughtrelates exclusively to the form and method of work,the external situation which has developed and theeradication of what seems to me to be the artificialmethod now employed in most of our divinity schoolsand the substitution of a true university method.All of these questions, as has been said, grow out ofthe weakness of the departmental system, a system,however, which in some form must be continued as amatter of convenience.In conclusion I beg to thank our guest, Dr. CharlesCuthbert Hall, for the able and eloquent messagewhich he has brought to us this evening.UNIVERSITY RECORD 201Official Notices.The weekly receptions at the Women's Halls willbegin Monday, November 7, at Beecher Hall ; hours,from 4:00 to 6:00 o'clock p.m.At the regular meeting of the Administrative Boardof Student Organizations, Publications, and Exhibitions, Rule 20 of the regulations was amended to readas follows :"Membership in secret organizations among JuniorCollege and unclassified students is limited to thosewho have finished at least three Majors of work inresidence at the University of Chicago. This regulation is intended to be construed to exclude solicitationto membership and all forms of agreement to acquiremembership before the students have completed threeMajors of work in residence at the University of Chicago."This amended regulation will go into effect January1, 1899, except in the case of unclassified students, towhom it will apply immediately.The University Elementary School.GROUP IV.The children in this group are between eight andnine years of age. It is the third year of study in theschool for those who began at the youngest group.The children's reading lessons are made up of sentences giving the main facts learned in their historywork. The sentences are written for them and typewritten, so that they have both the script and theprinting for the same sentences. Their reading lessonalso serves as a review of the history work.Their work thus far this quarter in science has beensimilar to that of Group III, reported last week. Theyhave studied seed dissemination by various agencies, they have made excursions to the neigboringfields to observe seeds, and have begun a record oftheir work by illustrating the seeds studied and themeans of dissemination.In the shop they have made seed labels, accordingto the measurements given for Group III, and in addition some have made pencil sharpeners, according todefinite measurements. This required, in addition totools used previously, the handling of the bracket sawand use of glue. This lesson also gave some practicein free-hand drawing of a curve. Others in this grouphave been making a trellis for a flowerpot. Besidemeasurement, and use of tools, the models for construction have correct proportions, so that the artisticsense is trained also. Some of the tools used by thechildren are especially interesting because they havebeen made according to models worked out by Mr.Ball after careful study. The tools usually appliedto such work were found either to be too heavy orawkward for children, or else made as playthings.The saw that is used has a handle fitted to small fingersand is made of best material. A chisel has been made which, in addition to being of a more convenient size,has a guard which prevents unskillful fingers fromthe injuries likely to result from the common tool. Agood deal of choice is permitted in the articles made,especially after the method of handling tools has beenacquired.In history a rapid review has been made made ofthe conditions of primitive life studied last year.The children stated the facts with regard to food,shelter, and clothing ; tools, means of defense, discoveries and inventions. The children specified thedifferent materials found on the earth which weremade use of in their natural state, and which requiredchange. Man's necessity was deduced as the causefor change, and thought as the means in invention.The children personated a tribe in all matters of decision. For instance, when for purposes of furtherstudy it was necessary for the tribe to move, the classwas divided into groups. Two members were sent toone corner of the room and asked to think up reasonswhy a tribe should move, and come back and report.TWo more, in another corner were to "make believe"they had discovered a suitable site. The rest of theclass were to raise any objections which they thoughtmight be made to the moving of a whole tribe. Thefirst group brought back the report that pasturage forcattle was lacking ; the second, had, while searchingfor lost cattle, discovered a valley watered by a river,with clay beds near ; and, as a final touch of persuasion,one boy announced that " there is a beautiful viewthere." The difficulties of building new huts, theuncertainty of the new place, etc., were brought outby the remaining groups.The site of the new location was all that was desirable except for the proximity of a hostile tribe, andthis furnished a pretext for a study of lake-dwellings.The methods of construction, difficulties, and purposewere brought out. The degree to which the childrenhad identified themselves with the tribe was veryapparent, as their unwillingness to admit themselvesunable to cope with the others in land battles clearlyshowed. It was with considerable reluctance that theydecided to construct a " lake dwelling." The greaterleisure for the women in a lake dwelling was broughtforward as a means for improvements in pottery andornaments of shell. Several days were spent in makingthe life in the lake dwelling vivid. The children wereshown pictures of "restored" lake dwellings. Next ascheme for trading with the tribe (formerly hostile)was developed, that tribe having metal weapons andtools, and this one having an abundance of fish andshell ornaments.In connection with their history work, the childrenhave modeled in clay mountains and river basins, andhave learned the geological formations of each. Theyhave also modeled clay dishes in various shapes, andbegun ornamenting them with their own designs.In cooking, this group has begun the preparationand study of soups. The potato was taken as a typeof starchy vegetables, and a rough idea of the proportion of starch, water, and salts contained in it wasgained. These proportions will later be worked outin the shop in blocks. Directions are not given thechildren, but a series of experiments are performedfrom which they draw inferences. The making of202 UNIVERSITY RECORDtomato bisque soup will serve as an example. Theyreduced the tomatoes to pulp and examined the juicefor starch. Next they tasted the juice and comparedit with a vinegar solution and with a soda solutionThey were given milk to add to portions of tomatojuice, vinegar, and soda solution and note the result inthe curdling of the milk. They found that it did notcurd in the soda solution, and inferred that there wasan element in both vinegar and tomato juice whichthickened the milk. This they were told was acid.Some of the children suggested that boiling would remove the curd, and this wTas tried, but did not proveeffective. Then someone suggested that somethingbe added to the tomato juice to remove the acid taste,and soda was given them to try. From these experiments the children were able to give directions formaking the soup.In music this group has offered original melodies tolines of poetry, has been able to swing the rhythmcorrectly, and to picture it upon the blackboard. Inchorus singing and listening to instrumental musicthey have united with other groups.In the gymnasium they have been taught the simpler movements of the American and Swedish systemsand simple games, training in quickness of sense oflocation, in poise of body, and readiness to respond tocommand.In art work they have begun the technical work ofreproducing outlines from objects, bringing out anidea of perspective.In sewing they began workbags of scrim. The bagswere cut out for them, the children basting the twosides with Barbary cotton, selecting any color desiredfor this purpose. They were given directions as to distance from the edge and length of stitch. The stitching was a simple backstitch which gives training forthe hand and eye without too close application. Thetexture of the scrim helped to produce a regularity inthe length of stitch. Great difference in the use oftheir hands was observed in the class.Calendar.november 4-12, 1898.Friday, November 4.Chapel-Assembly : Divinity School. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m.Conference of Affiliated and Cooperating Schools.7 : 30 p.m. : Contest in Declamation, Kent Theater.Physics Club meets in Ryerson Physicial Laboratory,Room 32, 4:00 p.m.Mr. H. G. Gale will read on " The Liquefaction of Air andHydrogen;" Mr. Fritz Reichmann on "Electrical andMagnetic Constants at Low Temperatures."Saturday, November 5.Administrative Board of Physical Culture and Athletics, 8:30 a.m.Conference of Affiliated and Cooperating Schools :9 : 00 a.m. : Conference of Principals of Cooperating Schoolswith the Board of University Affiliations, FacultyRoom, Haskell.10:30 a.m. : General Session (see p. 191).1 : 45 p. m. : Departmental Conferences (see p. 192). Sunday, November 6.Vesper Service, Kent Theater, 4:00 p.m.Address by Professor Graham Taylor, on " The Church andthe Workingman."Union meeting of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A.,Haskell Museum, 7:00 p.m.Monday, November 7.Chapel-Assembly: Junior Colleges. — Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10:30 a.m. (required of Junior CollegeStudents).The New Testament Club meets in South DivinityParlor, 7:30 p.m.Discussion on " What is the Teaching of Jesus concerniniDivorce with reference to Present-day Practices ? 'by H. T. Allen and O. J. Price.Weekly Reception, Beecher Hall, 4: 00-6:00 p.m. Le<3Tuesday, November 8.Chapel-Assembly : Senior Colleges. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m. (required of Senior College Students).Botanical Club meets in the Botanical LaboratoryRoom 23, 5:00 p.m.Professor Barnes will discuss " Two Critical Periods in theLife-history of Plants :" Dr. O. W. Caldwell will reviewrecent literature on " Chalazogamy."Philosophical Club meets in Cobb Lecture Hall at8:00 p.m.Wednesday, November 9.Zoological Club meets in Zoological Laboratory,Room 24, at 4:00 p.m.Mr. R. S. Lillie will read on " Habits and Metamorphosisof the Arenicola Larva ;" Dr. C. M. Child on " Eisig onthe Development of the Capitellids."Geological Club meets in Walker Museum, 4:30 p.m.Discussion on the " Nature of the Basal Portions of a Continental Glacier ; " presentation of " Experimental Dataon the Behavior of Ice under Pressure," by J. W. Finch.Sociology Club meets in Faculty Room, Haskell Museum, 8:00 p.m.Miss F. A. Kellor will read on " Criminal Anthropology inRelation to Criminal Jurisprudence." All interested areinvited.Meeting of the Y. M. C. A., Haskell Museum, 7:00 p.m.Professor Henderson on " The Young Man in Social Service."Thursday, November 10.Graduate Assembly.— Chapel, Cobb Hall, 10:30 a.m.Address by Professor F. B. Tarbell on " The Teachers' Lifeand the Active Life."Bacteriological Club meets in Room 40, ZoologicalLaboratory, 5:00 p.m.Friday, November 11.Chapel-Assembly : Divinity School. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m.Saturday, November 12.Regular Meetings of Faculties and Boards :The Faculty of the Junior Colleges, 8:30 a.m.The Faculty of the Senior Colleges, 10:00 a.m.The University Senate, 11: 30 a.m.