Gbe Tttnfverefty of CbtcaooPrice $J.OO founded by john d. rockefeller Single CopiesPer Year 5 CentsUniversity RecordPUBLISHED BY AUTHORITYCHICAGO£be T&nipetsits of Gbicago U>re60VOL ill, NO. 28. PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY AT 3:00 P.M. OCTOBER 7, 1898.Entered in the post office Chicago, Illinois, as second-class matter.CONTENTS.I. Some Essential Elements of the True AcademicSpirit. By the Reverend Charles CuthbertHall, D.D. - 159-166II. Official Notices 166III. Official Reports 166IV. American Students in French Universities - - 167V. Professor Budde's Lectures 167VI. Recent Numbers of University Periodicals - - 167-168VII. Vesper Services for the Autumn Quarter, 1898 - 168-169VIII. The Calendar 169Some Essential Elements of the True Academic Spirit*BY THE REVEREND CHARLES CUTHBERT HALL, D.D.,President of Union Theological Seminary, New York City.I have the honor to offer as the theme of this Convocation Address, Some Essential Elements of theTrue Academic Spirit. This theme is created by thecircumstances of this important and impressive hour.In the quadrangle of your University are convenedthe most earnest and the most effective personalfactors of its life, the manifold energies of its vastcurriculum are briefly arrested that, in this hour, garlanded with the sober pomp of an academic festival,the subjectivity of the University may express itselfwith joyous and resolute energy ; that the Universitymay, so to say, quicken and clarify its own self-consciousness of the mission, in the nation and in theworld, unto which it is ordained by the providentialHand of God. Such I conceive to be the meaning ofConvocation : A time when the larger end is differentiated from the complex means, and is perceived*The Convocation Address delivered in connection with theTwenty-fifth Convocation of the University, held in theFine Arts Building, Chicago, October 1, 1898. afresh in its sublime and ultimate proportions, a time,when the intricate and incidental details of this extensive organization are momentarily forgotten inthe supreme sense of that task, " too great for haste,too high for rivalry," in which all details are gloriously coordinated : the service of God in and by theservice of the human race.I am pursued by no doubt of the appropriatenessand the worth of my theme. Concerning my powerworthily to present it in such an hour and unto sucha concourse of auditors I am in doubt. But the intrinsic value and relevancy of the theme are, possibly,beyond question. The academic institution withoutthe academic spirit is but the form without the fact,the casket without the jewel, the altar without thefire, the body without the soul. Of the university, asof the individual, may one say : " It is the spirit thatquickeneth."What then more necessary than that this spiritof the academic institution shall be outwardly analyzed and inwardly comprehended by all whose highvocation places them within the precincts of collegiate life !In entering upon the work now before us, it is profitable to reflect upon the reasonableness of expectinga distinctive and characteristic spirit to develop inacademic life. Nothing is more obvious than that inother spheres of human effort, whose conditions arewell defined, a characteristic spirit, born of those environing conditions, develops towards distinctness andperpetuity. Illustrations of this are found in twowell-known spheres of human effort : commercial enterprise and the profession of arms. On the one handthe well-defined traditions of commercial enterprisetend to develop the economic spirit ; on the other160 UNIVERSITY RECORDhand, from the environing circumstances of the profession of arms is evolved the psychic norm of the soldier life which is militarism.deferring with deep respect and admiration to thoseessentially virile spheres of human effort — commerceand the profession of arms — I would point out, for thefurtherance of illustration, the environing conditionsfrom which in each case springs the controlling andcharacteristic spirit of the institution in question.The economic spirit, which is the dominant note inthe commercial sphere, evolves properly and usefullyfrom such environing conditions as the following :the production and use of material, mercantile competition, self-interest. To utilize the physical resources of the world lies at the root of the economicspirit. The plowshare and the reaper, the powerloom, the mine shaft, the smelting furnace, the stockyard, the bonded warehouse, maritime tonnage ;these are the impressive symbols of a fundamentalinstinct to use the world. The inseparable and legitimate companion of the instinct to use the world ismercantile competition — the life of trade — an instinct so normal and so necessary that to imagine itsdisappearance is to conceive of the obliteration of alllandmarks of progress and the collapse of industry.And the appropriate concomitant of mercantile competition, if not its mainspring, is self interest, whichin all commerce appears a constant rather than avariable quantity. To affirm that self-interest is theinspiring cause of competition is no ethical disparagement of the commercial spirit. Self-interest is psychologically axiomatic in the economic idea. A mangoes into commerce primarily for his own benefit. Thisegoism is not necessarily unworthy in its character orin its outcome. Frequently it is found in associationwith noble and distinguished altruism and philanthropy, and nowhere has the altruism of the commercial spirit been more conspicuously or more admirablyrealized than in this great University, the circumstances of whose foundation are known and honoredthroughout the world.The point involved in the present illustration is thatthese conditioning instincts : the use of the physicalworld — mercantile competition — self interest — result in the production of a distinctive and characterizing spirit, appropriate to its producing causes, andstrongly marking the personality of those who havebeen thoroughly trained within the commercialsphere. The man of business distinctly represents atype of human development ; ideally an efficient, vigorous, and admirable type.So, also, in quite another sphere, does the soldierrepresent distinctively a type of human development evolved from predetermined conditions. At the rootof militarism are found certain instincts as characteristic as the fundamental instincts of trade. Again,for the furtherance of illustration, I name three : theemphasis on nationalism, disciplinary urgency, theappeal to force. The profession of arms is the quintessence of nationalism. The army is the creation ofthe state for guardianship and for conquest. The flagis the pallium of the army, investing in its folds an institution which exists to defend the honor of the nationalstandard. The uniform of the soldier; the arms of precision; the inflexible vocabulary of grade and rank; theserried massing of men ; the evolutions of the battalionare all designed, and do all efficiently avail, to coverthe idiosyncrasies of the individual, and to present himto view as the indistinguishable unit of a nationalestablishment. To this emphasis on nationalism asopposed, on the one hand, to individualism, on theother hand to catholicity, must be added the principleof disciplinary urgency. The army cannot philosophize, the army cannot reason, the army cannot suggest, the army must obey. Obedience is its crux ofdiscipline ; obedience its crown of glory."Theirs' not to make reply,Theirs' not to reason why,Theirs' but to do and die."Inseparable from this emphasis on nationalism andfrom this disciplinary urgency is the appeal to force.The law of arms is not the law of love. The finalappeal is not to the secret efficacy of thought and feeling hid in the heart of a man ; it is to the twentygrains of smokeless powder hid in the shell of a Krag-Jorgensen bullet. The logic of its conclusions isrecorded not in formulae of the laboratory, not in syllogisms of the schools, but in the water and blood ofthe trenches, in the mortal anguish of the field-hospital ; in the charred warship grinding on the reef.Such is the profession of arms, neither more norless than the truth being spoken ; such are some ofits fundamental conditions. Out of these, throughthe austere evolution of blood and iron, comes thetrue soldier, the organic product of predeterminedconditions ; the representative of a distinctive type offeeling and action as evidently separable in ourthought from the man of business as he from the poetor from the priest. My present contention is that bythe same rule which produces a characteristic spiritin the commercial sphere and in the profession of arms,we are justified in expecting a distinctive and peculiarspirit to develop in the collegiate circle, and therebyto differentiate the collegiate circle from other spheresof human effort. In the present address this distinctive note of the collegiate circle is described as theUNIVERSITY RECORD 161academic spirit. My purpose is to show the environing conditions out of which the academic spiritevolves, and then to name some essential elements ofwhich it is composed. The practical importance ofsuch an inquiry is self-evident. The collegiate circleis becoming, in this country, as it has long been inEurope, the distributing center for leadership in alldepartments of human effort. Business, politics, thearmy, the navy, popular education, social order andimprovement, exploration, arts, the church : everymovement that augments the good of the world ismore and more finding its leadership in the collegiatecircle. If, therefore, it can be shown that there is distinctively an academic spirit, even as there is a commercial spirit or a military spirit, and if it can furtherbe shown that the elements of the academic spirit arenoble and pure and exalted concepts, it is a greatpractical gain if in some such high hour as this awhole university, alike its teachers and its scholarsplaces itself consciously beneath the influence of ideaswhich comprehend and convey the genius and animusof its life.To discharge aright the duty prescribed in thetheme, which, as I need not remind you, is: "Someessential elements of the true academic spirit," andto conform to the method already indicated by my illustrations drawn from commerce and the profession ofarms, I am called upon to name some environing conditions of collegiate life from which the distinctiveacademic spirit evolves. The task is easy and singularly attractive. As the quadrangle is the architectural norm in all ancient and modern universityconstruction, from Bologna to Chicago, so is the incorporeal essence of university life surrounded by fourimmemorial' conditions which set it apart from thecommon world like buttressed walls. I name thesewith profound enthusiasm — Continuity, or the bondof history; Solidarity, or the sense of fellowship;Variousness, or the range of the elective ; Idealism,or the non-commercial end.Continuity, or tlie bond of history, is one of thosefour-square walls, gray with time, that constitute theuniversity the true intellectual sanctuary of thehuman race. It is this sacred bond of history thatmakes venerable the latest of the world's great universities, even while as yet its material edifice is rising unfinished from the ground. Gazing beyond thethings we see, the intellectual eye discerns the massive, deep-seated walls of historic scholarship, theslow accretion of studious centuries, whose parts wereone by one laid in and carved, string-course andspandrel, mullion and corbel, by the scholars of athousand years. This is the glory of the academic institution, that the newest thought is an evolutionfrom the oldest, and the topmost stone of today'sachievement is secured by those blackened buttressesbeside which are the quiet graves of unforgottenlaborers.Solidarity, or the sense of fellowship, is, in an intellectual mode, the religion of the academic institution.The brotherhood of letters is, to the university circle,what the sign of the cross is to Christianity — thesymbol of a fellowship that transcends arbitrary andeven natural distinctions, that obliterates nationaland racial boundaries, that unifies in the great alembic of one universal idea the diverse elements ofhuman life. "Ye are all the children of God in ChristJesus," cries the apostle who gloried in the cross as asign of universality, " There can be neither Jew norGreek, there can be neither bond nor free, there can beno male or female, for ye are all one man in ChristJesus." The solidarity of which the cross is a symbolis the supreme form of union among them. Thenearest approach to it is the solidarity of academiclife, the brotherhood of letters. Therein is a type offellowship broader than any social or sectarian class-friction ; broader than commercial or political federation ; broader than nationalism. It is the exaltedcommunism of the intellect realized in the catholicrepublic of human knowledge ; therein have men allthings in common ; therein can be neither Jew norGreek, neither youth nor age, neither wealth norpoverty — yes — and in these latter days, neither malenor female. All are free to use the common propertyof knowledge, all are laboring to augment its sum.Forms of governmental allegiance, social customs,diversities of tongues, ecclesiastical traditions, becomeincidental and secondary to those free citizens of theworld of letters who speak that one great language ofthe mind, vernacular at Moscow and at Tokio, atOxford and at Leipsic, at Edinburgh and at Bombay.Variousness, or the range of the elective, is anotherwall of that invisible quandrangle which constitutesthe university the true intellectual sanctuary of thehuman race. There is a modern and technical use ofthe word " elective," intended to differentiate certainitems of the curriculum from the prescribed andinevitable work. Deeply as I love this use of theword and that liberty of the undergraduate for whichit stands, I am attempting at this moment to employthe word in a far larger sense when I describe one ofthe fundamental conditions of the university life as" variousness, or the range of the elective." The highest relation in which a man can stand to his own life-work is an elective relation. A compulsory use of lifeis the destiny of the majority. It being necessary to162 UNIVERSITY RECORDlive, they take what they can get, under the compulsion of circumstances. Vast masses of the race havenever known more than a galley slave's liberty,scourged by the thongs of necessity, galled by thefetters of ignorance. God is free, and it is godlike toknow the truth that makes us free ; it is godlike to bepermitted to conceive of life itself as a great elective,and to bring volition to bear upon the dedication ofone's power to specific uses. The university exists as asanctuary where self-consciousness becomes elective ;where life is viewed not as a treadmill of imperiousand fatalistic necessity, but as the broad arena ofvoluntary self -dedication ; where the mind examinesitself, acquaints itself with its own powers and proclivities, discovers, and acknowledges its own aptitudes.This is the glory of a liberal education, that for a season the youth is sheltered as in a pavilion from thedin of battle, from the trampling of multitudes, fromthe strife of tongues. There is unrolled before him asin a vision the variousness of knowledge — the rangeof the great elective. Beneath that vision self-knowledge is quickened; desire, purpose, volition, self-dedication, correspondence with environment becomepossible. Beneath that vision the world's leadershear God's call, discover themselves, rise up, go forththeir several ways, stand at their posts — conquerin their generation. By the vision comes the voice ;by the voice comes the vocation; by the vocationcomes the victory. It is the range of the elective !Idealism, or the non-commercial end, is the last thatI shall mention of the fundamental conditions ofacademic life. The nearest approach to the spiritualidealism of Christ is the intellectual idealism of theacademic life. It affects no disdain of the commercialend ; that were a feeble arrogance, ill becoming thosewho know that the foundations of universities arelaid by men that have toiled for things material. Yetit confesses that its ultimate aim and end is not themeat which perisheth, but the ever-living truth. Theinspiration of the university is the quest of truthwhich, to it, is as the quest of the Holy Grail. Impelled by devotion to this ideal, the scholar enduresnot only, but prefers, the simpler life disburdened ofthe vast material cares that wait upon commercialgreatness. His wealth is counted in the unlistedsecurities of memory, of reason, of observation, ofphilosophy, stored in the strong rooms of a quietmind.Yet the non-commercial idealism of the universityproceeds from no indisposition to engage in the practical affairs of human life, from no indifference towardsthem. On the contrary, human life with all its interests and accidents, physical, historical, political, social, commercial, ethical, spiritual, is the very sum andsubstance of university thought — the whole trend ofacademic effort is toward the solution of human problems, the adjustment of human conditions; the idealsof the university are objective ideals, an objectivityinspired by disinterested enthusiasm for truth as thealone stable foundation of the world's good.Mr. President and Gentlemen : Up to this time, ithas been my endeavor to establish the propositionthat there are conditions surrounding academic lifeas peculiar, as distinctive, as definable as those conditions which surround commercial life or military life,and that, by virtue of this fact there may be predicated of the university a spirit of its own, as specificin its character as the spirit which is found to characterize any other- of the great departments of man'sambition and effort.Assuming that this proposition has been establishedby our consideration of the four notes of academic life,continuity or the bond of history, solidarity or thesense of fellowship, variousness or the range of theelective, idealism or the non- commercial end, it is mypurpose, in the portion of time yet unexpended, toname certain essential elements of that spirit which, ina rightly constituted university life, evolves from thosenoble conditions already considered. I need not saythat the observations which are now about to be presented are conceived and are offered in true humility.I am surrounded by those who have explored thissubject and who in their own persons illustrate someof its most advanced conclusions.First among the essential elements of that mostdignified and most comprehensive emotion, the trueacademic spirit, I name Reverence for the Past. Theconcepts involved in this attractive proposition aretwo : our relation to the inheritances of knowledge ;our attitude toward opinions once affirmed and nowmore or less generally abandoned.The scholar is an heir. He comes of a long line ofthose who, preceding him in the generations of time,have accumulated for him and have devised to him thefruits of their labors. By the application of his giftshe may accomplish original work, he may carry hisexplorations beyond those of any predecessor, he maybring an actual increment to the sum of knowledge,but the antecedent conditions upon which new workis founded, the postulates of progress, are not hiscreations, but his inheritances. What has he that hedid not receive ? Other men labored and he hasentered into their labors ! It is of the very essence oftrue scholarship to acknowledge not only, but torejoice in its obligation to the past. Herein is thenoble humility of the greatest minds, that at all timesUNIVERSITY RECORD ; 163they feel the influence upon them of their intellectualancestry. Their inspiration to high and strenuouseffort is drawn from the past quite as much as from the 'future. Their toil is not the crude endeavor of theparvenu to gain attention, it is the conscious bond ofobligation to the honorable past, it is obedience to theunwritten law of intellectual sincerity, it is the highborn instinct of fidelity to the academic tradition, itis noblesse oblige.Closely involved with this phase of our thought isthat other phase to which I have alluded : our attitudetoward opinions affirmed and now more or less generally abandoned. Across the broad plain of the pastwe trace by their abandoned encampments the greatpilgrimage of the world's thinkers. As a peculiar peopleGod has led them on, forcing them to break their campsfrom time to time, and to push toward new positions,by the majesty of a divine ideal of absolute knowledgewhich has moved before them, a pillar of cloud by dayand of fire by night. There is v no department ofhuman thought that has not in its highest representatives moved with the moving pillar of knowledgetoward some new vantage ground of vision whenceone might look back on old encampments. But thetrue academic spirit is incapable of disrespect towardearlier laborers in the fields of knowledge. It has nopart nor lot in that .disdain of the past, superficialand supercilious, the perilous positivism of the shallowradical. The true academic spirit is loyal to the menof its own guild who, with an earnestness worthy ofall imitation, and with a sincerity on which time castsno reflections, occupied positions long since abandonedand advocated opinions made untenable by the growthof knowledge. Sometimes in wanderings throughsparsely settled districts of New England, I havecome upon an ancient and unpretentious homesteadby the roadside long since deserted by its inhabitants,and mutely standing in the pathos of slow and somberdecay. And I have marked with displeasure that therude hand of some thoughtless passer-by had flungthe stone through the vacant window where in earlieryears had been the faces of little children, the gravercountenances of age, the bloom of flowers, the glowof the evening lamp, the sacramental signs of homelife with its sorrow and its joys. I resent the desecration of anything that has once been the domicile ofvital interests, the sanctuary, perchance, of heroic sacrifices. Reverence for the past is a part of the academiccode of honor. Strong and true was the note thatrang in those words of Principal Tulloch, when,speaking of the earlier movements of religious thoughtin Great Britain during the nineteenth century, hesaid : " Nothing that has ever deeply interested human ity or profoundly moved it is treated with contemptby a wise and good man. It may call for and deserverejection, but never insult."I name next, among the essential elements of the trueacademic spirit, Reverence for the Future. The disparagement of the past is no more inconsistent withthe true academic spirit than is that indifference tothe future which is disclosed in the peremptory assertion of the finality of knowledge and the unalterable-ness of opinion. Striking is the contrast between thecrude and ready certitude of ignorance in the definition of great subjects, and the humility, caution, andteachableness of trained intelligence. The unaltera-bleness of an opinion is by none asserted so positivelyas by one who knows little of the history of humanthought. The open mind is the true symbol of academic life. It is of the essence of the academic spiritto consider no subject closed beyond the possibility of restatement in the light of new knowledge.This is not to discredit the present state of knowledgenor to minimize the value of recorded results. It is toview all results and all opinions in every branch ofknowledge as related to an unknown increment at anytime likely to be divulged. To submerge reverencefor the future beneath the flood tide of presentknowledge is to forget the past, its teachings, its warnings, its prophecies. I rejoice to suggest to you thenotes of this spirit of reverence for the future as theyappear in the highest type of academic life. They arethree : moderation of statement, teachableness, expectancy. Reverence for the future brings moderationof statement. Not the timorous uncertain sound of ascholarship distrustful of its own findings or a faithhaunted by mocking doubts. But a scholarship and afaith unmarred by the discordant note of a positivismwhich undertakes the burden of proof against a futurewhose possibilities are infinite. There is an affirmation of truth already known, there is a confession offaith already held which is strengthened and notweakened by the admission that clearer light may yetbreak forth for the single eye and the unbecloudedmind.Reverence for the truth brings teachableness, andteachableness is the secret of academic power. It isweakness for him who bears the name of scholar tostand behind the intrenchments of his own opinion,defying the approach of other views, resenting thatperpetual advance of truth whose signs appear likebanners of a marching host on the far-off hills of thefuture. As in the realm spiritual, he must become asa little child who would receive the kingdom andenter therein ; so in the realm of the scholar, he onlyis great who first is docile, he only can enter the im-164 UNIVERSITY RECORDmortal guild of the world's true teachers who, meekand lowly in mind, reveres the future, and, clothedwith the patient valor of the pilgrim, follows thepillar of the moving cloud. Reverence for the futurebrings expectancy. Expectancy is fundamentalin academic life. The mind disordered by self-indulgence may supplant expectancy with satiety,losing the power of outlook. The mind benumbedby the weariness of a sordid and narrow routineof material toil may lose expectancy on the treadmill of habit. But in the true university expectancy, born of reverence for a majestic and incalculablefuture, is the vital breath of scholarship. It stimulates research, it upholds the intellectual courage, itrenews the youth of the mind. If one were seeking avisible emblem of that sublime expectancy whichdominates academic life, he could not in all the worldfind one more affecting in its silent eloquence thanyour unequaled telescope which from the wooded hillbeside the clear Wisconsin lake exalts its vastobjective heavenward. On that still, sequesteredmount of vision, removed from the confused vibrations of commercial traffic, yet near to one of theearth's great centers of life, that splendid instrument of discovery traces the stars in their coursesand searches /the ecliptic for new worlds. It is anemblem of the high expectancy of academic lifewhich, near to the throbbing center of humanity'saffairs, yet saved from their confusion, as on a hillapart, searches through present darkness for cominglight.I name, next, among the essential elements ofthe true academic spirit, Zeal for the philosophicaldiscipline as the necessary offset to natural science.Standing at Concord the other day beside that quaintlittle building where Alcott maintained for a time hisschool of philosophy, I reflected upon the practicalvalue of the philosophic discipline. How essential tothe progress of the race are its philosophers, whose vocation has not been to the exact sciences, but rather tothose intellectual and moral coordinations of the dataof knowledge, whereby the exact sciences are seen inright relation to the totality of life ! Nothing wouldbe more unprofitable than an attempt to exalt philosophy by the depreciation of natural sciences ; nothingmore shallow than to question the philosophical valueof the natural sciences. But it is conceivable that anage might come of such impetuous utilitarianism thatlaboratories for physical research should abound whilefoundations for the pursuit of pure philosophy werefew and inadequate. Such a lack of sphericity in thedevelopment of the university, would involve a breachof the true academic spirit. For the universities of the world are, as I have already said, the intellectualsanctuaries of the human race. They are the placeswhere the great mental and moral problems of therace are to be thought through ; and out of which areto proceed influences that shall restrain, subdue, instruct, inspire the wayward spirit of every age. Andwhen we consider the ideal ethical relation of thesmall academically trained class to the immense non-academic masses of the population, too much cannotbe said touching the importance of keeping the university charged with the philosophical influence, thatour students may learn how to think, how to view alllife in the grave and sacred light of its intellectualand moral relations before they go out into the worldof men, where from every point of view, economic,.social, political, ethical, religious, no need is greaterand no endowment is more precious than leadershipby minds that have been taught to think. Theoretically I look upon every man who has an academictraining as a steward of God. He has found accessto a world of ideas from which the majority of his race isdebarred by poverty and ignorance, or is self -excludedby indifference to the ideal. He has had meat to eatwhich the world knows not of, he has drunk of a wellby which the multitude passes with unslaked thirst,saying : "We have nothing to draw with, and the wellis deep." He has seen a vision splendid where othermen have walked but in the faded light of commonday. Is he not a steward of God? But how shall hedischarge his stewardship ; how shall he relate himselfaright to the world ; how shall he be a safe and wiseleader of men ; how shall he carry out into the worldthat sublimest form of University Extension, the communication of ideals, unless his own mind has beennurtured in a theory of knowledge and his own soulhas wrought out for itself a doctrine of living beneaththe broadening influence of the philosophical discipline. Therefore I say: Zeal for the philosophicaldiscipline is an essential element of the academicspirit. For to teach men to think is to make menserviceable to their generation : and I hold that service is the chief end of academic life — that the university was made for man, not man for the university.Following closely upon this thought I name asanother essential element of the true academic spirit,Catholic sympathy ivith all human interests. In theage immediately preceding the Revival of Letters itmay be doubted if the ideal of the scholar were notthe recluse rather than the citizen of the world — -theaustere and self- centered devotee of letters rather thanthe broad-spirited, sympathetic altruist. But withthe growth of democracy and the evolution of socialtenderness it may be doubted if there is another placeUNIVERSITY RECORD 165in the earth where more human interests convergethan in the heart of a great university. Today thecloistered seclusion of the scholar's life is rather a tradition than a fact ; the unworldly remoteness of collegiate shades from the sun-beaten thoroughfares ofthe world's struggle, and the world's progress is anillusion of poetic minds. Bulwer-Lytton, in Richelieu,draws a picture as brilliant as it is totally fallaciousand unreal of the incapacity of the scholar to sympathize with those who are involved in the fierce struggles of public life." O ! ye whose hour-glass shifts its tranquil sandsIn the unvex'd silence of a student's cell :Ye whose untempted hearts have never toss'dUpon the dark and stormy tides where lifeGives battle to the elements.Ye safe and formal men,Who write the deeds and, with unfeverish handWeigh in nice scales the motives of the great.Ye cannot know what ye have never tried."This may be well as poetry, but as an account ofmodern university life in its relation to public affairs.it is mediaeval fiction. For the very genius of theuniversity is catholic sympathy with the world of men.All human interests, aesthetic, recreative, commercial,social, political, diplomatic, military, religious, find ananswer in the deep heart of the university. As theworld moves on it is found that the pursuits of scholarship do not lead to the segregation of scholars fromthe common experiences of the race. As the worldmoves on it is found that the philosophical disciplinebegets altruists, and sends out into the world thosein whom the spirit of social love is a passion. Thetrue spirit of the university is the spirit of an' all-round life, in touch with whatsoever things are true,whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things arejust, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever thingsare lovely, whatsoever things are of good report. Nomen outvie her sons in eagerness to bear arms for thehonor of the flag, in willingness to lose forever theprospect of literary distinction in the bloody mist pithe field of battle. No men outvie her sons in theexalted missions of diplomacy to foreign states or inthe high functions of counsel at home. With thearduous problems of civic reform and of popular education her sons are dealing, choosing tasks that entailheroic sacrifice and envenomed criticism. On everymission field of the world they are laboring, and manyare the graves in equatorial jungles where sleep thosefor whom seats of luxurious idleness were ever waiting.In the social settlement amidst the hovels of pauperism, in the lonely hillside parish, where books are buta haunting memory, are the sons of the universityliving witnesses to that wondrous spirit of sympathy with all human interests which prevails in modernacademic life.I close this attempt to enumerate some essentialelements of the true academic spirit, by namingone element, which, though distinctly separable fromall the others, is so involved with all and in all that itmay be said to cast a common radiance over everyelement of the academic institution.I speak of Christian obligation. No one can bemore conscious than I of the composite body ofreligious opinion represented in a great university;no one more certain that absolute liberty in the tenureof religious opinion is an indispensable condition ofthe university life. But to admit this, as I mostgladly admit it, is by no means to surrender the conviction that there must be a prevailing type ofreligious spirit in the university, and that that prevailing type, for the English-speaking peoples, mustbe Christian.The relation of the university to the Church historically and practically is too intricate to be discussedin the closing moments of my address. But one ortwo observations may be offered as the results of muchearnest thought. Historically and practically the prevailing religion of the English-speaking race is theChristian religion, the religion of the New Testament,the gospel of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ.Jesus Christ and Him crucified has been for theAnglo-Saxon peoples, through their entire history, theWay, the Truth and the Life. If we are not in error inbelieving that the Anglo-Saxon race has a noble andbenign mission entrusted to it, as toward the rest ofthe world, we are not in error in believing that thepropagation of the religion of Jesus Christ is an integral part of that mission.Technically the Church is charged with the function of guarding and maturing the seed of Christianfaith in each successive generation, and the Churchknows and fulfills her duty.But when we reflect upon the influence of the university over the opinions of that educated class which,as I have shown, is predestined to leadership in alldepartments of life ; when we reflect that the members of that class are entrusted to the care of the university at the determining period of their lives, itbecomes evident that the religious bearing of the university upon the future of Anglo-Saxon thought isincalculably great.For this reason, while asserting and defendingabsolute liberty in the tenure of religious opinion, asan indispensable condition of university life, I amconvinced that the positive influence of the universityshould be a Christian influence, in the historical and166 UNIVERSITY RECORDcatholic sense of that sacred term ; an influence perpetually enthroning Christ as Divine, an influenceperpetually exalting His Holy Sacrifice as an Atonement for the world and for every soul ; an influenceperpetually presenting Christ as the authoritative Idealof life and conduct ; an influence perpetually commending Christ as the Supreme Master, to Whomyouth may with reasonableness offer its fresh andopulent powers, and at Whose bidding youth may dedicate its years to the progressive redemption of society.This, and not less than this, I assume to be the religious mission of the university, as indicated alike bythe history and by the apparent destiny of the English-speaking race.Mr. President and Gentlemen of the University :With much patience and generosity you have listenedto these observations. Their only merit is sincerity.Feeling in my soul the almost unparalleled opportunity given you of God, and perceiving with patrioticadmiration the national breadth of your policy as custodians of the University of Chicago, I have attemptedto express some of the convictions of one, who believesthat the destinies of nations and of the world arehenceforth inseparable from the ideals and the practices of the world's greater universities.Official Notices.Official copies of the University Record for theuse of students may be found in the corridors andhalls of the various buildings in the University quadrangles. Students are requested to make themselvesacquainted with the official actions and notices of theUniversity, as published from week to week in theUniversity Record.The Final Examination of Warren Palmer Behanfor the degree of Ph.D. will be held Saturday, Oct. 22,1898, at 8: 30 a.m., in Room 36, Haskell Museum. Principal subject, Church History ; secondary subject,Sociology. Thesis : " Social Work of the Church ofPlymouth Colony 1620-1691." Committee: HeadProfessors Hulbert and Small, Professors Hendersonand Johnson, Associate Professor Moncrief, and allother instructors in the departments immediatelyconcerned.The first meeting of the Botanical Club for thisquarter will be held Oct. 11 at 5:00 p.m. in Room 23,Botanical Laboratory. Dr. C. J. Chamberlain will review an article by S. Hirase on " The Fertilizationand Embryogeny of Gingko" and another by L.Mitzkewitsch on "Nuclear division in Spirogyra.''Dr. H. C. Cowles will review an article by F. Pax oh" Plant Geography of the Carpathians."The University Elementary School has made arrangements this year to accommodate sixteen childrenbetween the ages of four and a half and six. Thetuition for this group will be fifteen dollars a quarter.Miss La Victoire, a teacher of thorough training andexperience in subprimary methods, is in charge, withassistants. The general aims and methods of workwill be those now obtaining in the school, with suchmodifications as are necessary to adapt them toyounger children.Official Reports.During the month ending September 30, 1898, therehas been added to the Library of the University atotal number of 402 volumes from the followingsources :Books added by purchase, 185 vols., distributed asfollows :General Library, 13 vols.; Philosophy, 11 vols.;Pedagogy, 2 vols.; Political Economy, 52 vols.; Political Science, 4 vols.; History, 4 vols.; Sociology, 9vols.; Anthropology, 1 vol.; Comparative Religion,2 vols.; Semitic, 19 vols.; New Testament, 2 vols.;Comparative Philology, 2 vols.; Greek, 6 vols.; Latin,3 vols.; Latin and Greek, 2 vols.; English, 3 vols.;Mathematics, 2 vols.; Chemistry, 20 vols.; Physics,1 vol.; Geology, 3 vols.; Biology, 2 vols.; Zoology,7 vols.; Anatomy, 1 vol.; Neurology, 4 vols.; Botany,2 vols.; Church History, 7 vols.; Homiletics, 1 vol.Books added by gift, 176 vols., distributed asfollows :General Library, 73 vols.; Political Economy, 21 vols.;Political Science, 1 vol.; History, 4 vols.; Sociology(Divinity), 2 vols.; Semitic, 1vol.; Romance, 64 vols. ;English, 1 vol.; Mathematics, 5 vols.; Botany, 4 vols.Books added by exchange for University Publications, 41 vols., distributed as follows :General Library, 19 vols.; Political Economy, 2 vols.;Sociology, 3 vols.; Sociology (Divinity), 1 vol.; Comparative Religion, 2 vols.; Semitic, 4 vols.; New Testament, 5 vols.; Botany, 2 vols.; Church History, 1 vol.;Homiletics, 2 vols.UNIVERSITY RECORD 167American Students in French Universities.In answer to inquiries that have been made, I takepleasure in giving a few words of information to thosewho intend availing themselves of the opportunitieswhich French Universities, at the initiative of theComite Franco-Americain, now offer to foreign students.First, as to the technical side, I refer them to theUniversity Record No. 21, Vol. I, pp. 321-23 ; No. 8,Vol. Ill, pp. 49-50 ; No. 21, Vol. Ill, pp. 127-28, wherethey will find an " Extract from the Regulations instituting the Doctorate for Foreigners" (and French),the time required for graduation, the fees charged,etc. I refer them also to Mr. Harry J. Furber, Jr., ofChicago, the originator of this great movement, whois in correspondence with the leaders of education inFrance, and who has always been ready to give information on the subject.Second, in regard to the most important questionsof choice of a university, expenses, etc., I would makethe following suggestions :a) Most students seem to have heard only of theUniversity of Paris ; but there are, in France, fifteenother universities of high rank, and ranking perhapsin some branches higher than that of Paris : The Universities of Aix-Marseilles, Toulouse, Montpellier*Lyon, Bordeaux, etc., to speak only of those that arebest known. In these universities, students havemuch better opportunities of becoming acquaintedwith the professors, as the attendance is not so large.Moreover, they will be able to gain a clearer idea ofFrench customs and spirit at large, which differ inmany respects from those of Paris ; and, finally, theywill find living much less expensive. At any rate, itmight be most profitable for students to spend part,if not all of their time in the " province," while theycould, if they so desired, finish their studies at Parisand obtain their diplomas from that university.b) Now as to the necessary expenses some suggestions may be made. In France, the "boarding"system is almost unknown ; some few families, it istrue, take boarders, but this arrangement is, as a rule,unsatisfactory in various ways. One of them is thatit is quite expensive. It would therefore be advisablefor a student to get a room and take his meals at therestaurant. The average price in "province" is asfollows, per month :Lowest. Very liberal.Room - $3.00 $10.00Meals - - - 9.00 18.00Laundry - 1.00 2.00Total - - - $13.00 $30-00 In fact, the majority of students spend only from$200 to $250 a year, all included.c) There is, in each university, a committee ofpatronage for foreign students. This committee helpsstudents in finding rooms, meals, etc., at the mostreasonable rates, procures a redaction for them onrailroads and steamships, and, in case of illness,secures for them the best medical care at a nominalcharge. Besides, the committee takes special painsin presenting each student to the members of thefaculty. The advantages newcomers derive from suchan organization will be easily understood, especiallyby those who have already traveled abroad. Everyone should, therefore, correspond beforehand withthe secretary of the university, so that upon arrivalhe may be received and welcomed by the committee.Chicago. A. Beziat-de-Bordes.Professor Budde's Lectures.The lectures on The Pre-exilic Religion of IsraelbjProfessor Karl Budde, D.D., of the University ofStrassburg, are being given in Haskell Oriental Museum at 4: 00 p.m. The titles of the remaining lecturesare as follows :Friday, October 7. — Priests, Prophets, and Kingsthe Champions of Yahweh.Saturday October 8. — Foreign Powers and theWritten Prophecy of the Northern Kingdom.Monday, October 10.— The Similar Conflict of theSouthern Kingdom.Tuesday, October 11. — Judah's Collapse, and theBases of its Re establishment.Recent Numbers of University Periodicals.The September number of the American Journalof Sociology contains as its leading article AssociateProfessor Zueblen's investigations into "MunicipalPlaygrounds in Chicago," which describe the newmeasures introduced in connection With certain publicschools to provide suitable playgrounds for districtsof Chicago distant from the great public parks. Thearticle is illustrated. An article follows discussing ina more general way " The Movement for Small Playgrounds," by Sadie American. Dr. Veblen writes on"The Instinct of Workmanship and the Irksomenessof Labor," showing the historical development of theattitude of the race toward labor. A statement of theresults of inquiries made of officials and others on thesubject of "Politics in Public Institutions of Charityand Correction " is given by Professor Henderson, in168 UNIVERSITY RECORDwhich it appears that " the fundamental principles ofthe civil-service reform are but dimly apprehended "among them. Other articles are "The Delusions ofDurkheim's Sociological Objectivism," by GustavoTosti, and "The Relief and Care of Dependents, VI,"by H. A. Millis. Head Professor Small continues his" Seminar Notes " on " The Methodology of the SocialProblem " and contributes with Professor Hendersonthe "Reviews." Notes and Abstracts and a Bibliography conclude the number.Head Professor Coulter writes in the BotanicalGazette for September on "The Origin of Gymno-sperms and the Seed Habit" (pp. 153-168). "A studyof Regeneration as exhibited by Mosses" is contributed by Fred De F. Heald. It consists of investigationscarried out during the years 1896-7 in the laboratoryof the Botanical Institute at Leipzig and is illustratedby plates. Among the briefer articles is one on " TheBacterial Content of Hailstones," by F. C. Harrison.The usual "Book Reviews" and "Minor Notices'appear. Under the latter we observe that Dr. HenryC. Cowles, in charge of plant ecology at the Universityof Chicago, has had a field class of twelve at work forsix weeks on North Manitou Island, Lake MichiganThe Biblical World for October contains as afrontispiece a representation of the map recentlyfound in the mosaic pavement of the church at Ma-daba and of importance to students of Palestiniangeography , and the topography of Jerusalem. Professor .Caspar Rene Gregory describes the map, itsdiscovery and importance in an interesting article.President Harper continues his strophical arrangement of the utterances of Amos. Dr. A. H. Bradfordof Montclair, New Jersey, writes on " God, Interpretedby Fatherhood," in which he asserts that this methodof interpreting God should be the principle in alltheology. An attempt to present the story of Hoseathe Prophet as it might have been told in contemporary chronicles, is made by the Reverend H. R.Hatch. Professor Mathews discusses the origin ofActs 9:1-19. Under the head of the Council of Seventy,lists of books recommended by the Council for thereading of ministers are printed. Synopses of articles,book reviews, and a bibliographical supplement,the latter by Dr. William Muss-Arnolt, complete thenumber. Under the head of- " Work and Workers "we notice that a series of New Testament handbooks,edited by Professor Mathews, of the University, is tobe published by the Macmillan Company. Professor Mathews is himself to write the History of NewTestament times in Palestine, and Dr. C. W. Votawthe History of the Apostolic Age.The Journal op Political Economy in its numberfor September completes its sixth volume. Dr. MaxWest of Washington, in an article on " Recent Inheritance Tax Statutes and Decisions " shows how rapidlyinheritance taxes have' recently developed in America,and indicates, as the ground for this, the generalbelief that the inheritance tax is an improved methodof reaching personalty, and especially of meeting thetax dodging of the wealthy. " The Decline of RailwayRates : Some of its Causes and Results " is discussedby H. T. Newcomb, of Washington. The facts are presented without an attempt to comment upon them.Oren Taf t, Jr., of Chicago, describes the " Land Credit "system of continental countries in connection withmortgage banks, and urges the desirability of theintroduction of the system in America. A very sympathetic article upon "The Present Condition ofSocial Democracy in Germany " is given by Dr. ConradSchmidt, of Berlin, who evidently is in hearty accordwith the principles of which he writes. W. P. Sterns,of the University of Chicago, presents a scheme for anew standard and a new currency. Among the writersof book reviews are F. D. Merritt, H. J. Davenport,John Cummings, C. H. Hastings, S. J. McLean, H. P.Willis, C. E. Boyd, F. A. Cleveland, all of whom havebeen or are now connected with the University.Vesper Services for the Autumn Quarter, 1898.October 9. — Professor Charles Richmond Henderson, the University of Chicago :"New Phases of the Charity Organization Movement."October 16. — Musical Programme.October 23. — Miss Jane Addams, of Hull House :" Trades Unions and Public Duty."October 30.— Musical Programme.November 6. — Professor Graham Taylor, Chicago Theological Seminary :" The Church and the Workingman."November 13. — Musical Programme.November 20.— Mrs. Florence Kelley, Chicago :"Factory Legislation and Its Claims on Philanthropists."November 27. — Musical Programme.UNIVERSITY RECORD 169December 4. — Associate Professor Charles Zueb-lin, the University of Chicago :"Typical English Church Movements in PracticalWork."December 11. — Assistant Professor S. H. Clark,the University of Chicago : Readings from EdwardR. Sill.December 18. — Baccalaureate Sunday.Calendar.OCTOBER 7-15, 1898.Friday, October 7.Chapel-Assembly : Divinity School. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m.Public Lecture : " Priests, Prophets and Kings theChampions of Yahweh," by Professor Budde, Assembly Room, Haskell Oriental Museum, 4:00 p.m.Saturday, October 8.Meeting of the Administrative Board of PhysicalCulture and Athletics, 8:30 a.m.Public Lecture : "Foreign Powers and the WrittenProphecy of the Northern Kingdom," by ProfessorBudde, Haskell, 4: 00 p.m.Sunday, October 9.Vesper Service, Kent Theater, 4:00 p.m.Address by Professor Henderson on " New Phases of theCharity Organization Movement."Union meeting of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A.,Haskell Museum, 7: 00 p.m.Monday, October 10.Chapel-Assembly : Junior Colleges. — Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10:30 a.m. (required of Junior CollegeStudents). Public Lecture : "The Similar Conflict of the Southern Kingdom," by Professor Budde, Haskell, 4:00p.m.Tuesday, October 11.Chapel-Assembly: Senior Colleges. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m. (required of Senior College Students).Public Lecture : " Judah's Collapse and the Bases ofits Reestablishment," by Professor Budde, Haskell,4:00 p.m.Wednesday, October 12.Botanical Club meets in the Botanical LaboratoryRoom 23, 5:00 p.m.Meeting of the Y. M. C. A., Haskell Museum, 7:00 p.m.Address by Head Professor Coulter.Thursday, October 13.Graduate Assembly.— Chapel, Cobb Hall, 10:30 a.m.Friday, October 14.Chapel-Assembly : Divinity School. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m.Mathematical Club meets in Ryerson Physical Laboratory, Room 35, 8:00 p.m.Thesis report by Mr. G. A. Bliss : The Geodesic Lines of anAnchor-Ring.Note by Professor Bolza: Concerning the Jacobian ofa Net of Conies.Saturday, October 15.Regular Meetings of Faculties and Boards :The Administrative Board of the University Press,8:30 a.m.The Faculty of the Junior Colleges, 10:00 a.m.The University Council, 11:30 a.m.Material for the UNIVERSITY RECORD must be sent to the Recorder by THXJR^BAY',,8: 30 A.M., inorder to be published in the issue of the same week.University RecordEDITED BY THE UNIVERSITY RECORDERTHE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OFGbe TUniverstty of (tbtcagoIt contains articles on literary and educational topics.The Quarterly Convocation Addresses and the President 'sQuarterly Statements are published in the Record inauthorized form. A weekly calendar of University exercises, meetings of clubs, public lectures, musical recitals, etc.,the text of official actions and notices important to students, afford to members of the University and its friendsfull information concerning official life and progress at theUniversity. Abstracts of Doctors and Masters theses arepublished before the theses themselves, are printed. Contentsof University journals are summarized as they appear.Students in Residence can subscribe for the University Record forthe year or obtain single copies weekly at the Book Room of The University Press, Cobb Lecture Hall.The Record appears* weekly on Fridays at J:00 p.m. Yearlysubscription $1.00; single copies j cents.