Price $J.OOPer Year ftbe Ttllniverstty of CbtcagoFOUNDED BY JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER Single Copies5 CentsUniversity RecordPUBLISHED BY AUTHORITYCHICAGOGbe *Hniversfts of Cbfcago lptesaVOL III, NO. 1. PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY AT 3:00 P.M. APRIL 1, 1898.Entered in the post office Chicago, Illinois, as second-class matter.CONTENTS. April 3, Sunday.I. Programme of the Twenty-Second Convocation, 8: 30 a.m. Bible Classes.Spring 1898 - 1 4:00 P.M. Convocation Vesper Service.II. Report of the University Elementary School, Convocation Sermon. Rev. W. W. Fenn, Chi-vm . . . 2-3 cag0§T-rT nra • i xt !.• o j Music by the choir of the First Unitarian Church.III. Official Notices 3-4 _ , -r, r i. o r *_ ™_ •-ttt kjx> • i t» j_ a Quarterly Report of the secretary of the Chris -IV. Official Reports 4 vtian Union. Kent Theater.V. Recent Numbers of University Periodicals - - 4-5 7: 00 p.m. Union Meeting of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. WVI. Scholarship of the Harvard Club of Chicago -5 v C. A.VII. North Central Association of Colleges and Sec- Haskell Oriental Museum — Assembly Room.ondary Schools 6 April 4, Monday.VIII. Current Events - 6 _ _. , , ,, . , , __ . . _TY The C 1ft d 7 4:00 P.M. The Eighth Meeting of the University Congre- Haskell Oriental Museum— Faculty Room .8: 00 p.m. Lecture. Professor William Knight. "Tenny-Programme of the Twenty-Second Convocation, son." Cobb Lecture Haii—chapei.SPRING 1898. April 5, Tuesday.April 1, Friday. 8:oop.m. Lecture. Professor William Knight. "The8:30 a.m The Graduate Matutinal. President's House. Functions of Philosophy at the Present8 : 30 a.m. Lectures and Recitations of the Spring Quarter Time" Cobb Lecture Hall— Chapel.be&in- April 6, Wednesday.8:3oa.m.-i2:3op.m. Matriculation and Registration of incoming stu- 8:00 p.m. Lecture. Professor William Knight. "A Newdents.^ Theory of Poetry."10:30 A.M. Division meetings of the Junior and Senior Col- Cobb Lecture Hall — Chapel.leges. Attendance requhed^^^^^ April 7, Thursday.„, f „ . ..." 4:00 P.M. Conference on the Life and Work of Wordsworth.2:00 P.M. Meeting of Candidates for degrees with the Cobb Lecture Hall— Chapel.Executive officers.Cobb Lecture Hall— Chapel. 8: 00 p.m. Lecture. Professor William Knight. "William8: 00 p.m. The Twenty -Second University Convocation. Wordsworth."Hll—ChtlThe Procession.The Convocation Address : " Poetry and Science ; v NpTE.-The Germania Mannerchor will furnish part of the music forTheir Affinities and Contrasts," by Professor the Twenty-second Convocation of the University, their selections being :William Knight, St. Andrews' University, ^ Ut « Das ;st der Tag des Herrn "- - Kreutzer.Scotland. 3. " Wiegenlied" .... - Brahms.The Conferring of Degrees a H Aye ^^ „ .... Ntssler.The President's Quarterly Statement. (Mit Solo Quartet.)The University Congregational Church. b. " Morgengruss "- - - Schubert- Schoene/eld.32 UNIVERSITY RECORDReport of the University Elementary SchoolVIII.GREEK HISTORY. — GROUP VI.The most difficult question in beginning the studyof Greek history with small children takes the form" what shall be studied ? " Something of coursewhich is closely related to their own life — but what ?Shall it be manner of living, social and political institutions, commerce, art, literature, religion or thought ?The difficult problem is to select from all this wealththat part which shall prove wealthiest for the child.In our own case there was nothing to do but toexperiment. We started on the social side with astudy of Greek people and the different classes inwhich we found them. We tried to find out wherethey came from and to fix their relations to each otherWe tried to trace their general activities — to studytheir methods of warfare, of commerce and politicaland domestic life. This led us to a study of theirfortifications, their weapons, war chariots etc.; theirships and methods of navigation ; their forms ofgovernment, election, making and execution of laws;their homes, schools, farms, and cities. We attempteda study of institutions, all of which proved very interesting but not entirely satisfactory. The difficultyseemed to be that we were dealing with things thatpersisted in remaining objective in spite of the factthat they had once been real. This work was tooabstract for the children, too formal and too remotefrom their personal interest. We had analyzed thesubject too far. It did not furnish images enoughThey were already familiar with the myths of Greece— what child who reads or is read to, is not? — andthese did not seem to demand further attention.The thing to be emphasized evidently was to be foundsomewhere between the myth tale of somewhat doubtful value and such a study of Greek life as we hadattempted.We found it in what might be called a study ofGreek characters. We left the myth almost whollyout of account — only incidentally did we inquire intothe organization of a Greek home. Instead we devotedourselves to the great Greeks in whose acts the life ofGreece expressed itself so completely, and in whosedoings the whole Greek people shared. The sense ofindividuals is strong in children of this age. It is theperiod when they most revel in their own newly discovered individuality. Early peoples have the sameexperience. Their history is the history of heroesbut not less history because it takes the form ofbiography. In it the life of a whole people is ex pressed and expressed in clearly imaged form whichis readily grasped by the child. Such a study as itoffers might best be classified as psychological, for ithas to do with the whole as it is expressed in its partswith men — with their acts and their motives, theirrelations to others and their thoughts of rights andduties.We went with Homer's heroes to Troy, but first wefound out why they went ; Paris, the hospitality ofMenelaus ; the violation of the guest right ; the griefof the king ; the anger of his brother ; the advice ofthe wise man ; the defensive league of the Greek ;the reminding the chiefs of their oaths ; the assembling at Aulis ; the ruse of Ulysses ; why he did not wishto go to war ; the newly wed Penelope ; the youngTelemachus; the crowning of Palamedes. We passby the delay at Aulis, the pride of Agamemnon whichcaused it and his grief at its result. Almost all thesecharacters are rich in interest and material for studyand all must be taken up ; but for purposes of illustration, we go with the crafty Ulysses. Achilles isabsent., Ulysses finds a way to bring him. Thedaughter of Agamemnon is demanded. Ulysses isdetailed to bring her. He becomes the plan maker ofthe Greeks. Ready of speech his powers are ever attheir service. " I built the rampart round the ships.I kept up the spirit of the people. I showed how theymight be fed. I held them back from launching theships for home. I went to learn the plans of the foe.I was eager to fight Hector. By bringing Achilles tothe war the glory of his deeds belongs to me. I slewHector." The character of Ulysses is expressed ineach one of his deeds. Its strength and its weaknessare written down together. The different heroes express the many sided life of Greece and Troy. Paris,Hector, 'Achilles, Ulysses, Agamemnon, Helen, aretypes of the life we study and the life we see. Theiraction and their interaction belongs to us, is our own.This is not too abstract. We have taken interest atits beginning, and even the remote becomes interesting as we pursue it. The bulwark of the Greeks isgone ; Achilles and Ajax are both dead. The peopleare perishing away in the war. It is Ulysses whobrings the young Pyrrhus. We note his education andhis skill. His treatment of Philoctetes when Ulysseshad failed with him. At length Calchas warns theGreeks that they " must win the city by art and notby force." It is Ulysses who devises the cunningstratagem. The city is taken. We follow them ontheir return home. It is the wise Ulysses whom thegods and his own wisdom bring safely out of a thousanddangers. We begin to think that Ulysses is the realUNIVERSITY RECORD 3hero of Homer — that he stands for " art " among theGreeks; the earliest appreciation of the power ofthought which is so characteristically Greek.Here we pass on to the life of those two type citiesof Greece — Athens and Sparta. At this point socialorganization comes to the front again, but still inthe person of a hero — Lycurgus wishes to accomplishcertain ends for Sparta. He makes certain plans whichbecome the rules of Spartan life. The dramas lendthemselves to our study. They are tales of how peoplebehaved and what came of it. Then came the armiesfrom the East and the heroism of Greece is againdisplayed. Then the wars at home ; and then thegreat teacher of the Greeks may be seen upon thestreets of Athens talking to the boys and girls there.No history can be so easily dramatized. It gathersabout persons and is never without a personal interestto the young pupil. Our study is best called psychological for our interest was in the things that particularGreeks thought and did and we become acquaintedwith the other Greeks through them. Of course wecame to know something of the Greek house, theGreek ship, the Greek games, army, city, etc., but indirectly rather as means to the plans of the Greekswe knew, than as ends in themselves.In this way I have noted a growing desire to compare Greek men with the men of today ; and Greekthings and methods with those which we know andemploy. The common experience is that we cannotfind out enough of the men of whom we read. Onevery interesting fact has come to the surface a numberof times, i. e., that whenever a miracle is wrought bythe interposition of a favoring divinity, there is someattempt to explain it in natural terms of themselves.They have come to say this is the Greek name for thesun or the rain or the wind.As to method. In so far as possible the childrenhave worked out the material for themselves. Theyhave done almost all their own reading and have reproduced on paper almost all the tales they haveread. In this way we have studied the Iliad and theOdyssey and much of Herodotus and Plutarch. Forthe first we have used Aubrey Stuart's " Tale of Troy;"for the second Lamb's " Story of Ulysses." The advantages of the first are very great in that much ofthe text is translated literally ; the second is not sosatisfactory. Geography, map drawing, and picturemaking are also parts of this work.For our later study we have found Guerber's " Storyof the Greeks" most useful.This work is done by Group VI in the school madeup of children of from eight to ten years of age. Itcomes at this particular time because of fitness in supplying their interest in persons in action. It alsoforms a basis of transition from the individual to thegeneral life. The events and persons involved arenever treated as simply historical happenings but asmen and women anxious to do certain things and living in relations to other men and women who havewants also. In this way there is a gradual passagefrom the single hero to the people who want and acttogether. For affording this basis of interest throughparticular images, and for showing a gradual growthup to a common life no history is so rich in materialas that of Greece. It will be followed next year by astudy of Roman history where precisely this factor oforganization and administration of corporate life is inquestion.Official Notices.The Final Examination of Cora Louise Scofieldfor the degree of Ph.D. will be held on Friday, April 1,1898, at 3:00 p.m., in Room C 7, Cobb Lecture Hall.Principal subject, History ; secondary subject, Political Science. Thesis : " The Court of Star Chamber."Committee : Head Professors von Hoist and Judson,Professor Chandler and all other instructors in thedepartments immediately concerned.The Final Examination of Mrs. Charlotte Com-stock Gray for the degree of D.B. will be held Monday, April 11, at 3: 00 p.m., in H 15. Principal subject,Church History; secondary subject, Homiletics.Thesis : " Michselangelo — His Place in the Reform atoryMovement." Committee : Head Professors Hulbertand Anderson, Professors Johnson and Foster, Associate Professor Moncrief, and all other instructors inthe departments immediately concerned.spring registration.Bulletin of Changes in Announcements.New Courses.IB. 26 Pedagogy : Practical Pedagogy : A studyof the present Public School System. Mj.4:00-6:00, Monday and Friday {ProfessorJackman). H 33XIX. 4, Experimental Physics (Stratton).XXVII. Id, Elementary Botany 8:30 (Coulter) 3B 13M. Laboratory 2: 00-4: 00, Monday, Wednesday, Friday (Caldwell). JS 13, 144 UNIVERSITY RECORDCourses Withdrawn.III. 21, Federal Administration (James).XV. 62, The Works of Coleridge.XV. 88, Nature in English Poetry (Reynolds).Changes in Courses.XV. 59, Beginnings of Romantic Poetry, will begiven by Assistant Prof essor Reynolds Tuesday and Thursday, 4:00-6:00.Change of Hours.IB. 1. Educational Psychology (Moore). 21 16Hour changed from 9:30 to 2:00.Official Reports.The following tables accompanied a report presented by Dean Talbot to the Seventh UniversityCongregation :I.Number of Bachelors who have taken entire course in theUniversity of Chicago.Men — 75 Women — 43A.B. PH.B. S.B. A.B. PH.B. S.B.No. taking - 31 28 16 21 19 3Per cent. - - 41.3 37.3 21.3 49 44 7II.Number of Students who have taken work in variousdepartments.Men WomenDepartments>M1857 X1318 t— ii— iX5514 i— it— iXX2252 1262 >X5124 52122 i— iX318 X1726 XX835 043 i— tt-HThose taking only requiredcourses 34Those taking more than required courses - - - - 9Note. — Total number of Science courses (547) taken by 75 men.Average 7.3. Total number of science courses (191) taken by43 women. Average 4.4.III.Average Number of courses taken in required Departments.Men WomenDepartments>m24.5 MX34.1 X33.4 MMXX34.9 24.2 MM22.8 M23.7 i— <X!36.8 MMX35.1 m>MMXX35.7 >X26.5 MMNumber of coursesrequired - - - 2Average number ofcourses taken by,each student - - 2.3 Recent Numbers of University Periodicals.Since the last report the following numbers of University publications have appeared :The January-February number of the Journal ofGeology contains the following articles: "An Hypothesis to Account for the Movement in the Crust ofthe Earth," by J. W. Powell ; "Estimates and Causesof Crustal Shortening," by C. R. Van Hise ; " Noteon the Pressure Within the Earth," by Charles S.Slichter ; " The Geological Versus the PetrographicalClassification of Igneous Rocks," by Whitman Cross ;" On Rock Classification," by Professor J. P. Iddings ;also the usual editorial notes and Authors' Abstracts.The February-March issue of the same journal contains "Brazilian Evidence on the Genesis of theDiamond," by Orville A. Derby ; " The Glaciation ofNorth Central Canada," by J. Burr Tyrrell ; " The Useof Local Names in Geology," by Charles R. Keyes ;" The Weathered Zone between the Iowan Loess andIllinoian Till Sheet," by Frank Leverett ; " Studies inthe Driftless Region of Wisconsin, II," by G. H.Squier ; " Fucoids or Coprolites," by J. A. Udden ;" Zirkelite — A Question of Priority," by M. E. Wads-worth.The Journal of Political Economy for March hasas its leading article a paper by Wesley C. Mitchellon "The Value of Greenbacks during the Civil War ;""The Economic Situation in Japan" is discussed byProfessor Bernard Moses of the University of California, who is to be in residence at the Universityof Chicago during the next Summer Quarter ; Mr.Worthy P. Sterns publishes another paper in his" Studies of the Financial History of the UnitedStates," this article being " Beginnings of FinancialIndependence of the United States ; " Mr. Edward S.Meade discusses "Deposit Reserve System of theNational Bank Law ; " and Professor A. C. Millertreats of the "Massachusetts Tax Report." Of theshorter notes, one by Head Professor Laughlin on"The Withdrawal of the Treasury Notes of 1890" deserves special mention.The Botanical Gazette for March has five leadingarticles, three of them illustrated, as follows : " Un-described Plants from Guatemala and other CentralAmerican Republics," by John Donnell Smith ; "Cen-trosomes in Plants," by L. Guignard ; "New Speciesand Extended Ranges on North American Caryo-phyllaceaB," by B. L. Robinson; "On Collecting andPreparing Fleshy Fungi for the Herbarium," by Ed-UNIVERSITY RECORD 5ward A. Burt ; " On Some Aspects of Vegetable Pathology and the conditions which Influence the Dissemination of Plant Diseases," by W. C. Sturges.The March number of the American Journal ofSociology has several articles of great interest. Mr.R. C. Bates gives an illustrated study of "CharacterBuilding at Elmyra ; " Mr. Clinton Rogers Woodruffdiscusses "The Philadelphia Gas Works ; " Mr. A. M.Simons, " A Statistical Study in Causes of Poverty "based upon investigation in Chicago ; Mr. W. M.Stuart presents facts connected with official statisticsshowing how these should be interpreted to get theirfull value. Mr. H. A. Millis contributes the third ofhis studies " On the Relief and Care of Dependents,"and Mr. Ernest Alsworth Ross the twelfth of his serieson " Social Control." The final article is a study byGeorg Simmel on " The Persistence of Social Groups.'The last two numbers of the Astrophysical Journal for February and March are full of material ofthe highest value to astronomers. " The Arc-Spectraof the Elements of the Platinum Group" are considered in two successive articles by H. Kayser. TheFebruary number contains also "The Aberration ofParabolic Mirrors," by Charles Lane Poor ; " TheCauses of the Sun-spot Period," by E. J. Wilcynski ;and "Radiation in a Magnetic Field," by Head Professor A. A. Michelson. The March number has asleading articles "The Concave Grading for StellarPhotography," by Charles Lane Poor and S. AlfredMitchell ; " On Certain New Results Relating to thePhenomena discovered by Dr. Zeeman," by M. A.Cornu ; Resume of Solar Observations made at theRoyal Observatory of the Roman College during theSecond Half of 1897," by P. Tacchini.The numbers of the School Review for March andApril maintain the usual high standard. In theformer number which is largely given up to the Proceedings of the Association of Colleges and preparatory schools of the Middle States and Maryland, theleading articles are : " A Discussion of the Most Important Problems in Preparatory and Collegiate Educations," by Isaac Sharpless and Julius Sachs ; " TheIdea of a University," by President J. G. Schurmanof Cornell University; "The Place of Science in thePreparatory School," by C. C. Wilson. The Aprilnumber presents as its table of contents the following :" Secondary Education in the United States," byElmer E. Brown ; " The Four-Year Latin Programmes of the Committee of Twelve," by Charles E. Bennett ;" The Growth of Mind as a Real and the Influence ofthe Formal on the Real," III, by S. S. Laurie ; " ANew Departure in the Study of Modern Languages,"by Edward H. Magill ; "Latin Composition in thePreparatory Schools," by Henry Preble.Each one of the magazines above noticed has inaddition to its leading articles interesting shorternotes, personal items, and suggestive book reviews ofparticular value to students in the special fieldscovered by the journals.Scholarship of the Harvard Club of Chicago.The Three Hundred Dollar Scholarship of the Harvard Club of Chicago is open to graduates of the Universities and Colleges of Illinois who wish to follow agraduate course of study at Harvard University,Cambridge, Mass., during the academic year beginning September 29, 1898, and will be given to one of theapplicants selected by the undersigned committee ofthe Club.Candidates must send in their applications on orbefore May 1, 1898, to William W. Case, 172 Washington Street, Chicago.Applications must give information as follows:Name, age, residence, and post office address of applicant ; of what college or university he is a graduate ;what course of study he proposes to follow. Theymust be accompanied by references from the authorities of his college or university, or by other satisfactory evidence of his proficiency, zeal and general goodcharacter.The committee will select the holder of the scholarship on or before May 15, 1898, and the amount of thescholarship will be paid by the bursar of HarvardUniversity to the successful candidate as follows :One Hundred and Fifty Dollars at the close of thefirst half-year of the year 1898-9 and the remainder atthe close of the year, provided the candidate hasentered himself as a graduate student according tothe rules of the University and continued his studiesthrough the academic year ; but the bursar may makepayments at other times and in different amountsif for any cause he shall deem it best.William W. Case,Moses J. Wentworth,George L. Hunter,Chicago, February 7,1878. Committee.6 UNIVERSITY tLECO&bNorth Central Association of Colleges and SecondarySchools.The Third Annual Meeting of the North CentralAssociation of Colleges and Secondary schools will beheld in the Banqueting Hall of the Auditorium HotelChicago, Friday and Saturday, April 1 and 2, 1898.The programme will be in outline as follows :First Session, Friday. April 1, 10: 00 a.m*President's Annual Address.Reports of Special Committees.Miscellaneous Business.Second Session. April 1, 2: 00 p.m.Discussion of Resolution concerning English study.Friday Evening —Members of Association and invited guests dinetogether, Auditorium Hotel.Third Session. Saturday, April 2, 9:30 a.m.Discussion of Resolution concerning UniformCollege Requirements." Fourth Session. April 2, 2: 00 p.m.Discussion of Mr. Nightingale's proposed substitute for the Fourth Resolution of the meetingof 1897. Current Events*The Department of Political Science has just issuedin its series of " Studies " a pamphlet of some seventy-five pages upon The Early City Charters of Chicago,by Professor Edmund J. James. It contains the textof the first three charters 1833-1837 with an introduction of about twenty-five pages giving a summaryview of the growth of municipalities in the statesformed out of the Northwest Territory.Professor E. J. James delivered recently an addressSaturday evening, March 12, before the Schoolmasters' Association of New York City upon " The Organization of Higher Commercial Education." Schoolprincipals, superintendents and members of theSchool Boards of New York and of the Boroughs ofManhattan and the Bronx participated in the discussion which was unusually prolonged and exciting.Professor James has recently been appointed bythe State Department upon nomination of the Bureauof Education, to represent the United States Government at the International Conference on CommercialInstruction to be held at Antwerp on April 16, 1898.UNIVERSITY RECORD 7Calendar.APRIL 1-9, 1898.Friday, April 1.First Term of Spring Quarter begins.Lectures and Recitations of the Spring Quarter begin,8:30 a.m.Final Examination of Cora Louise Scofield, C 7, CobbHall, 3:00 p.m. (see p. 3).FOR THE EXERCISES CONNECTED WITH THE TWENTY-SECOND CONVOCATION AND THE LECTURES OF PROFESSOR WILLIAM KNIGHT, SEE PROGRAMME of Convocation week page i.Saturday, April 2.Administrative Board of Physical Culture andAthletics, 8: 30 a.m.Administrative Board of Student Organizations, Publications, and Exhibitions, 10:00 a.m.Special Meeting of the Administrative Board of University Affiliations, 11:00 a.m.The University Senate, 11:30 a.m.Sunday, April 3.Convocation Vesper Service, Kent Theater, 4:00 p.m.(see p. 1).Sermon by Eev. W. W. Fenn.Union meeting of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A.,Haskell Oriental Museum, Assembly Room, 7: 00 p.m.Monday, April 4.Chapel -Assembly : Junior Colleges. — Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10:30 a.m. (required of Junior CollegeStudents).Material for the UNIVERSITY RECORD mustorder to be published in the issue of the same week. Tuesday, April 5.Chapel- Assembly : Senior Colleges. — Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10:30 a.m. (required of Senior CollegeStudents).Botanical Club meets in the Botanical Building,Room 23, 5:00 p.m.W. D. Merrell will speak on " The Homologies of the GrassEmbryo."H.N. Whitford will review Haberlandt's work "Ueberdie GrOsseder Transpiration im feuchten Tropenklima.University Chorus, Kent Theater, 7:15 p.m.Wednesday, April 6.Prayer Meeting of the Y. M. C. A., Lecture Room,Cobb Lecture Hall, 7:00 p.m.Zoological Club meets in Room 24, Zoological Building, 4: 00 p.m.A. L. Treadwell : " Professor Minot on the Ancestry of theVertebrates."Dr. C. M. Child : " The Axes in the Annelid Egg."Thursday, April 7.Chapel-Assembly : Divinity School. — Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10:30 a.m.University Chorus, Kent Theater, 7 : 15 p.m.Philosophical Club meets in Faculty Room, HaskellOriental Museum, 8:00 p.m.Professor Hirsch on "Some Tendencies in Modern Philosophy."Friday, April 8.Graduate -Assembly: — Chapel, Cobb Lecture Hall,10:30 a.m.Saturday, April 9.Administrative Board of the University Press, 8:30 a.m.Faculty of the Junior Colleges, 10:00 a.m.The University Council, 11:30 a.m.sent to the Recorder by THURSDAY, 8:30 A.M., inUniversity RecordEDITED BY THE UNIVERSITY RECORDERTHE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OFZhc IHniversit^ of CbtcaooIt contains articles on literary and educational topics.The Quarterly Convocation Addresses and the President' sQuarterly Statements are published in the Record inauthorized form. A weekly calendar of University exercises, meetings of clubs, public lectures, musical recitals, etc,the text of official actions and notices important to students, afford to members of the University and its friendsfull information concerning official life and progress at theUniversity. Abstracts of Doctors and Masters theses arepublished before the theses themselves are printed. Contentsof University journals are summarized as they appear.Students in Residence can subscribe for the University Record forthe year or obtain single copies weekly at the Book Room of The University Press, Cobb Lecture Hall.The Record appears weekly on Fridays at 3:00 p.m. Yearlysubscription $1.00; single copies 5 cents.