£foe IHntvereits of CbtcagqP 'ct SMOG FOUNDED BY JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER Single CopiesPefYear 5 CentsUniversity RecordPUBLISHED BY AUTHORITYCHICAGOZbc THniversftE of Gbicago jptesa^iTllTNO. 42. PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY AT 3:00 P.M. JANUARY 14, 1898»Entered in the post office Chicago, Illinois, as second-class matter.CONTENTS.I. The Twenty-first Quarterly Statement of the 319-325President of the University, January 3, 1898II. The Masters of the University, 1892-1897 - - 325-326III. Officers of College Divisions for the WinterQuarter, 1898 327IV. Report from the Botanical Club - 327-328V. Official Notices 328VI. Religious 328VII. The University Concert 328VIII. Academy Convocation 328IX. The Calendar 329The Twenty-First Quarterly Statement of the Presidentof the University, January 3, 1898.Members op the University, Trustees, Colleagues,Students, and Friends :The twenty -first quarterly statement of the University concerns in part the students, in part the faculty,in part the Board of Trustees, and in part the public.These several parts with your permission, I willaddress specifically to the constituency which in eachcase is concerned.to the students.New Houses.Of the 1200 students in residence, about one-fourthhave homes in the quadrangles ; that is to say, in hallssituated upon the University grounds. Three-fourthsof the entire number live at a greater or less distancefrom the University. Many come to the Universityfrom the North and West Sides of the city. The accommodations provided by the University buildingsfor students who come for the day have been inadequate, and many well grounded complaints have beenmade. Such students, to their very great disadvantage, have been compelled in many cases to elect courseswhich were scheduled for three successive hours inorder that their work at the University might befinished within the shortest possible time and anopportunity thus % afforded for returning home. Tomeet these difficulties, an opportunity will be givenstudents who reside at a distance from the University grounds to organize University Houses. The planof organization will be essentially the same as that ofthe present houses located upon the grounds. Themembers of the new houses will have headquartersassigned. These headquarters will consist of a roomor rooms which shall form the home of the membersof the house during the day. These houses will reallybe clubs — the students themselves determining themembership. Each house will have its head appointedby the President. This head will at the same time bethe adviser of the members of the house in reference totheir University work. The first of these houses willbe called Lincoln House, and will be established onLincoln's birthday ; the second will be called Washington House and will be established on Washington'sbirthday. A group of students numbering twelve ormore will form the nucleus of the club, and will beaccorded the privilege of selecting the other members.The membership will be limited to fifty and will be-restricted to students who are not now members ofUniversity Houses including Fraternities. Assistant320 UNIVERSITY RECORDProfessor George E. Vincent has accepted the headship of Lincoln House, and Assistant Professor E. E.Sparks has accepted the headship of WashingtonHouse. Appropriate exercises will be held in connection with the inauguration of the houses. Shouldmore than two groups apply the first in order of application will be accepted. Should there be a demandfor more than two houses, the organization of additional houses will be considered. It is thought thatthis further adaptation of the House system willrelieve what, in the case of many students, has been aserious hardship and deprivation. It remains to beseen whether or not this will prove to be true.Military Instruction.By the special direction of the President of theUnited States, Lieutenant John M. Palmer of theFifteenth Inf antry,U. S. Army, has been detailed to givemilitary instruction at the University. The appointment has been approved by the Board of Trustees,aud Lieutenant Palmer has already reported for duty.It is understood that such military work as may thusbe provided for shall be an elective which studentsmay substitute for an equivalent amount of work inthe gymnasium. Several propositions have been madein respect to the organization of a proposed UniversityGuard. It has been suggested that the membershipof the guard be limited in number and restricted tothe members of the Senior Colleges and the first fourdivisions of the Junior Colleges ; that the guard shallbe organized essentially as a club, its membership tobe determined by those who are already members ;that members of the guard shall be free from all otherphysical culture requirements of the University ; thatthe guard, as thus organized, shall adopt a constitutionand by-laws, subject to the approval of the Board ofPhysical Culture and Athletics ; that in addition tothe commanding officer detailed by the government,and the student officers of the guard, there shall be afaculty staff including members of the faculty ; thatthe uniform of the guard shall represent the scholasticas well as the military idea ; that membership in theguard once accepted shall not be relinquished so longas the student is in the University, except for reasonsapproved by the President of the University ; that itshall be the duty of the guard to take part in generalfunctions of the University, such as convocations anddedications. Committees have been appointed byeach of the undergraduate student councils, and thesecommittees, acting with the President and LieutenantPalmer will formulate a plan, for the organization ofthe guard, which shall be submitted for the consideration of the Board of Physical Culture and Athletics* On behalf of the students and faculty I take pleasurein welcoming Lieutenant Palmer to the University,and in thanking the representatives of the WarDepartment for the courtesy thus extended to theUniversity.College of Commerce and Politics.It gives me pleasure to announce that provision hasbeen made for establishing July 1, 1898 (in addition tothe College of Arts, the College of Philosophy, andthe College of Science), a fourth college, the Collegeof Commerce and Politics. In a recent address delivered before a conference of business colleges, a distinguished citizen of Chicago gave utterance to several strange and misleading statements concerningcollege education. Among other such statements wasone to the effect " that many of the most famous, andparticularly the oldest colleges of our land, are unfitting young men for business affairs and the practicalapplications of life." In this same address referencewas made to the fact " that our forefathers believedthat the fundamental idea of the great colleges of thefuture should be to train young men quietly andrationally into ways and habits of economy and simplicity of life, and that they might know practicalbusiness ways of earning a livelihood and caring for afamily and an estate." The distinguished speakerwas evidently unfamiliar with the facts and tendencies of college life today. He had forgotten, moreover, that the chief purpose of the college a centuryago was to train men for a single calling — the ministry ; that the curriculum, arranged for this particular purpose, excluded practically everything whichdid not bear upon this purpose. Fifty years ago therewere no chairs of Political Economy or Social Science ;there was no work offered in the biological sciences ;in those days there were no laboratories, no trainingin English Literature ; the time was given almost exclusively to Latin, ' Greek, Mathematics, and Philosophy. A study of the University life of half a century shows that the development of this life has beenin strict accord with the spirit of modern times. Themost marked characteristic in this development hasbeen the adaptation of its methods and training to thepractical problems of the age in which we live. Amongother practical subjects which are being added to thecourses in our college curriculum are those whichrelate to railways and transportation, to banking, tofinancial and actuarial problems of insurance, tomanufacturing and trade, to the diplomatic serviceand to the field of journalism. I may quote, as I didnearly two years ago, from the statement of an easterninstructor, the principle which is gradually gainingcontrol in all educational work, namely, " of all thingsUNIVERSITY RECORD 321that a university should do for a man, the most important is to put him in possession of the materialsfor a systematic criticism of life." Could anythingbe more practical ? The truth is that college education is every day becoming more and more practical as itcomes more and more into harmony with the natural development of life itself. In evidence of this statementI have the privilege of announcing the organization ofthe new College of Commerce and Politics in the University ; a college in which will be grouped togetherthe courses of instruction relating to the subjects Ihave just mentioned. Special courses in addition tothose which have hitherto been given will be provided, and with the new scholastic year, beginningJuly 1, 1898, the work of the College will be inaugurated.to the faculty.The Quadrangle Club.As members of the Quadrangle Club we feel verykeenly the calamity which has recently befallen us.The new building of which we were so proud, and inwhich we found so much profit, had a history of veryshort duration. This history, however, was of such acharacter as to inspire us to undertake again the workof rebuilding the club building with even greaterinterest than before. Few of us, eighteen months ago,appreciated the possibilities of the club. Certainlynone of us could have foretold the important placewhich it was to occupy in the social life of the University. With the experience of this period, brief asit has been, we should be encouraged to take up thework anew and to pledge to it our individual loyalty.We are in a better position today to understand theneeds of the future than we were three years ago.With this better understanding and with the experience that has been gained, it would seem to be ourduty to join together more heartily than ever beforein an effort to make the club the strong and helpfulfactor in our University life which we now know it canbe made. With the help our friends in the city willgive us, we may give the Quadrangle Club a higherposition than that which it has yet occupied, andwhat has seemed to be a calamity may perhaps yetprove to have been a blessing in disguise.The University Budget.It is the custom of the Board of Trustees to arrangefor the expenditures of a particular year six monthsbefore the beginning of that year. In accordancewith this custom the Trustees on December 29 votedthe budget for the year beginning July 1, 1898. Theassured income of the University from all sources wasestimated at $529,000. In addition to this amount the founder of the University, Mr. Rockefeller, has beenkind enough to designate, under certain conditions,the sum of $200,000, making in all $729,000. The expenditures of the various divisions of the Universityand of the various departments have been adjustedto this estimated income. The sum of $25,000 hasbeen set apart as a contingent fund and the remainderis distributed as follows :Administration and General Expense $ 72,875Faculty of Arts, Literature, and Science - - 347,767The Divinity School - - - 49,516The Morgan Park Academy - 37,120University Extension Division - 41,064Libraries, Laboratories, and Museums - - 44,615Printing and Publishing - 41,560Physical Culture - - 7,500Affiliated Work 3,000Buildings and Grounds 59,425The increase of expenditure proposed, in comparison with that of the present year, is $36,000. Thissum is needed to provide for the natural increase inthe number of students in the undergraduate work,and in connection with the more extended work of thedivisions of the University Extension and the University Press. It includes also special provision for thenew work in the College of Commerce and Politics,special provision for new work in the Department ofPedagogy, and special provision for new work in theDepartment of Botany. The appropriation of thecoming year for books will be 17 per cent, larger thanthat of the present year. The appropriation for equipment and supplies will be 35 per cent, larger than thatof the present year. The important fact in this announcement is, that in order to do the work of theUniversity as at present organized, the sum of $200,000is needed, and, being needed, is furnished by thefounder. $200,000 is the annual income on $4,000,000.I am, therefore, making a statement of the facts in thecase when I say that the University needs today$4,000,000 more than it actually possesses in order todo the work which has been undertaken. The question will at once be asked by business men, Whyundertake a work so much larger than the meanswhich have been provided to maintain it will warrant ?This question has been considered by the trustees ofthe University and by Mr. Rockefeller ; and after longand careful consideration it has seemed wise to takeno step looking to the curtailment of the work. Thefact is, the work which the University would be willingto do, work which would be worthy of the University,could not be done for a less amount than that whichis now being expended. It means nothing to point tothis or to that institution doing collegiate work orattempting to do University work at less expense.322 UNIVERSITY RECORDThe men in charge of the business affairs of the University of Chicago are known far and wide to be wiseand prudent men. The founder of the University isknown to be a man of keen foresight in businessaffairs. It is the judgment of these men that theUniversity should not be asked to curtail its expenses,and for the time being, Mr. Rockefeller is willing togive tangible evidence of the sincerity of his opinion inthis matter by making provision for the balance needed,viz., $200,000. It is true, however, that we must look forward to a time when the endowment fund of the University shall be large enough to cover this amount.Until that time has come, we may not for a momentcontemplate any additional expenditures, nor need wecontemplate such additional expenses, inasmuch asthe University is now organized upon a basis whichpermits it to do, in the fields already occupied, a work,the character of which justifies the name of University. We must now deny ourselves new buildings,unless such buildings increase the annual income ; forotherwise the building becomes a source of additionalexpense.This open statement is made to the members of thefaculties of the University in order that they maycooperate with the trustees in the policy of carefuland economic management. It is made in this publicway because it has always been the policy of the University to conceal nothing from the public. As members of the faculty we shall look forward to a time notfar distant when the friends of the University andMr, Rockefeller will join hands in furnishing theneeded millions of dollars which will enable the University to do the work expected of it by its friends andtrustees.Affiliation of Rush Medical College.It will be of interest to the faculties of the University to learn that at the meeting held December 29,the University Trustees, in response to a petition fromthe Trustees of Rush Medical College, voted to enterinto affiliation with that college. The date proposedfor the consummation of the relationship is June 1,1898, but it is specifically stipulated that the affiliationshall be dependent upon three conditions : the firstcondition is, that the Board of Trustees of RushMedical College shall be reorganized. At the presenttime a great majority of the Trustees are physicianswho are at the same time members of the faculty.This is acknowledged to be an unfortunate arrangement. The new Trustees will be representative business men of the City of Chicago who have no pecuniary interest in the income of the College. Thesecond condition provides that the requirementsfor admission to the College shall gradually be in creased until, in the Autumn of 1902, only those shallbe admitted who have completed the freshman andsophomore years of regular college work. This proposition, which had already been adopted by thepresent Trustees of Rush Medical College, is a mostsignificant step in the history of medical education.The third condition relates to the present debtof the College which amounts to $71,000. It isprovided that affiliation shall not take place until thedebt has been paid. It will be the aim of the newTrustees, with such assistance as the University mayfurnish, o develop the work of the Medical Collegealong University lines. In the history of Rush Medical College, it has always been found that with every1ncreased requirement, the number of students hasincreased. It is not expected therefore that the number of students will be diminished by the applicationof the new requirements for admission. It is confidently believed that college men from all parts of thecountry will be glad to enter an institution to whichonly college men are admitted. The payment of thedebt, and the saving of the interest, will make theincome of the college larger than it has ever yet been.The new Trustees will thus be enabled to furnishopportunities for medical instruction superior to thosewhich have been furnished in the past. The historyof Rush Medical College during fifty years is one ofthe most interesting and splendid of any that has beenenacted in the educational work of the West andNorthwest. For over half a century its students havegone forth into all the cities and districts of thecountry, and its name today in medical circles is heldin high honor. It is, of course, to be understood thataffiliation does not mean organic union. The degreeswill be the degrees of Rush Medical College, not thoseof the University. The proposed affiliation, however,will give to the University a general supervision ofthe educational policy of the institution. The Trusteesof Rush Medical College will continue to be as theyhave always been, an entirely separate corporation.The Trustees of the University of Chicago assume nofinancial responsibility in connection with Rush Medical College. This affiliation is a part of the generalpolicy of the University in accordance with whichalready many institutions stand in close relations withthe University. Whether Rush Medical College willever become the Medical College of the University,time will show. It is important, however, to note thateven with this affiliation of Rush Medical College, theUniversity remains without a medical school of its own.The field is therefore open for some friend of humanity to devote one or two millions of dollars for theendowment of a great medical school, the income ofUNIVERSITY RECORD 323which shall be devoted to special research, with whichunder any circumstances Rush Medical College wouldwork in the closest cooperation. Without such affiliation as is proposed it would be difficult for RushMedical College to reorganize its Board of Trustees ;it would be still more difficult for it to securethe money with which to pay the debt ; it would bepractically impossible for the advance to be made inthe requirements for admission. With the moralassistance thus gained, the Medical College will placeitself in a position which, under ordinary circumstances, it could not otherwise have occupied. Inthus lending its aid to the Medical College, the University performs in part the function for which it wasestablished. In entering into this new relationshipwith a faculty composed of eighty members, the f ac-culties of the University will join heartily in the wishthat even more may be accomplished than is expected.to the trustees.It gives me pleasure to report to your honorablebody that the attendance for the Quarter just closedhas been as follows :Attendance during Autumn Quarter, 1897.ARTS, LITERATURE, AND SCIENCE MEN WOMEN TOTALGraduate :Arts and Literature - - -Ogden (Science) School 12181 9923 220104Total Undergraduate :Senior Colleges Junior Colleges Unclassified 202 122 324 3249619253 74136100 170328153Total DIVINITYGraduate Divinity - - -Unclassified Divinity - -Swedish Theol. SeminaryBano-Norw. Theol. Sem. - 341 310 651106183024 84 114223024 114Total Total Graduates includ.Graduate Divinity - -Total Attendance in allSchools and Collegesof the University, Autumn Quarter, 1897 - 178722 12444 1901166 438 A University Commons.On this occasion I desire to call your attention tocertain matters of grave importance. Much time andlabor have been given to building up the many departments of instruction in the University. Hundreds of thousands of dollars have been devoted to theerection and equipment of laboratories and to the purchase of libraries. One important factor, however,has been overlooked by the trustees in the organization of the University of Chicago. I refer to theproblem of providing nutritious food for the greatbody of its students. There are few single problemsin connection with University work more serious ormore difficult. Of what advantage to the world is allthis intellectual equipment if the body through whichit is to exert an influence, shall in the end prove tohave been injured ? What are the facts ? Hundredsof students in the University of Chicago are livingupon a diet which does not properly support brain-work. Many are literally starving. The Universityis turning out men of strong intellect and of weakbody; some of these moral and intellectual dyspeptics who will do far more injury to the world thangood. The situation is due, in large measure, to theutter ignorance of the students themselves of whatconstitutes a proper diet. The majority of them areno better able to decide what is nutritious food forthe body than to decide what is nutritious food for themind. The University is furnishing assistance of themost valuable character with respect to the latter ;but, except for the 130 women in the Women's houses,it is doing nothing with respect to the former. Theaverage student is proverbially careless of his health.In many cases he is so ambitious that he will knowingly incur great risks. Of the five deaths that haveoccurred at the University in five years, three may beattributed directly to starvation. When it is remembered that satisfactory provision to meet this needcould be made for a comparatively small sum of money,it is discouraging to feel that we hazard in largemeasure the good results of all the work that is done.And further, those students who have money to procure suitable food and the desire to obtain it areunable to gratify the desire, because in the district inwhich the University is located there are not to befound boarding houses in which proper provision ismade. The duty of the Trustees is clear. Provisionshould be made for University dining rooms for menas well as for women. Whatever may be said againstthe recent proposition of President Andrews that thecity should provide an " aesthetic and hygienic "luncheon for the children of its schools, no one maygainsay the proposition that it is the duty of the Uni-324 UNIVERSITY RECORDversity to aid in making it possible for the students ofthe University to find suitable nourishment for thebody as well as for the mind. I sincerely hope thatthis question may receive your most careful consideration.Instruction of Art and Music.In this connection I beg the privilege of callingattention to another serious lack in the work of theUniversity as now organized. Petition after petitionhas been presented by the students for instruction inthe history of Art. Request after request has beenmade for an opportunity to study Music. The aesthetic side of educational work has not yet beenrecognized by the University. The conditions, indeed,make it impossible for men and women, whatever maybe their talent, to pursue studies along these lines.No objection could have been made to this policyfifty years ago, but in these modern days, when inevery stage of educational progress the aesthetic playsso important a part, to ignore it in the college is toblind ourselves and those whom we are guiding. Idesire to recommend for your consideration the development of the Department of Art, and to ask that provision be made by which men and women may havethe opportunity of cultivating a knowledge of the artand the science of Music.to our friends, the public.Announcement has already been made of Mr.Rockefeller's consent to designate $200,000 toward thework of the year beginning July 1, 1898. In additionto this the University has received during the pastdays a collection of old and valuable books from Mr.and Mrs. Henry L. Frank, of Chicago. The value ofthis collection it is difficult to estimate. From theEgyptian Exploration Fund has been received a set ofweights, gathered in Egypt during their excavationsof the past twelve years. It is the leading collectionof the world, comprising about 2000 specimens ofEgyptian, Phoenician, Assyrian, Persian, Greek andArabic weights, beautifully cut from costly stone,with a few of bronze and lead. Something over halfof the collection has arrived and is temporarily installed in cases kindly loaned by the Art Institute.The Trustees desire to express to the Philosophyand Science Department of the Chicago Woman'sClub their heartiest appreciation of the large accessions which have recently accrued to the OrientalMuseum of the University through the efforts of theladies of the department, and the Trustees desirefurther to recognize with much appreciation thegrowth of these efforts into an organized society which gives promise of accomplishing much for themuseum in the future.A College for Teachers.There are two subjects concerning which, in closing,I wish to say a few words to our friends. In a somewhat careful study of the public school system of thecity of Chicago, a system in connection with whichmore than half the money raised by taxation in Cookcounty is expended, a system, the workings of whichaffect the inner life of every family in the city, it hasseemed to me that an important piece of work neededto be undertaken. I speak of it here to-night becauseit is a work more or less closely connected with thatof the University. Of the five thousand teachers inour public schools, not more than 10 per cent, havereceived a college education. The teachers into whosehands the children of this great city are given are forthe most part men and women whose formal education has been limited to the High School course and ayear of work in the Normal School, I have no wordto utter except in praise of this great army of conscientious workers. The work they do is the bestwhich they can do. It has seem ed to me, however, thatthere was something which could be done and should bedone in behalf of this body of teachers. The tenure ofoffice of the public-school teacher is strong ; removalseven for incompetency are rare ; this tenure of /officehas been made all the stronger by the pension systemrecently inaugurated. These facts make it necessaryfor us to consider, not merely the preparation of thosewho are to become the teachers of our schools, butalso higher education of those who are already teachers in the schools. Nor would my mind have occupieditself with this question but for the fact that hundredsand hundreds of these teachers have themselves presented it and are today knocking at the doors of theUniversity for assistance in carrying out their desirefor a higher education. The University Extensioncourses and classes have been largely supported bythem. Their expressed interest in advanced study andin the University suggests an attempt to meet theirneeds more adequately. It is impossible for them, onaccount of the distance, to come to the University.To meet their needs, the work must be conducted atsome central point which can be reached easily andquickly from all parts of the city. There should beestablished for their benefit courses of study exactlyequivalent to those now conducted at the University,and the satisfactory completion of these courses shouldcount towards a degree. In view of these facts Idesire to make the following suggestions, and I begfor these suggestions the consideration of those whoUNIVERSITY RECORD 325are interested in the educational work of this greatcity :1) That there be established at a central point thefull curriculum of the freshman and sophomore classesas taught in the University, the work to be organizedupon the same standard and in accordance with thesame general regulations.2) That as occasion may warrant or demand,courses more advanced and less advanced be offeredin connection with those ordinarily termed freshmanand sophomore.3) That there be selected a separate and independent faculty with its own dean, the work of the facultyto be recognized by the University in the same way assimilar work at the University is recognized.4) That courses of instruction be given in the afternoons and on Saturdays, each course consisting offour hours a week for twelve weeks, each class meeting twice a week, each session being a session of twohours.5) That a faculty be constituted which shall consistof twenty or more instructors, representing the departments of Pedagogy, Psychology, History, Sociology, Greek, Latin, French, German, English, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Geology, and Biology.6) That teachers in the Grammar and High Schoolgrades of the city schools be received without examination, and that others be received in accordance withthe usage of the University.7) That the smallest possible fee be charged for theinstruction given.For the sum of six or eight thousand dollars a yeara thousand or more of the teachers of Chicago couldbe enabled to do a work which would not only elevatethemselves, but exert an influence upon the instruction of every child with whom the teacher came intocontact. The plan contemplates a college for teachers ; not a college in which the great proportion oftime should be given, as in normal schools, to thestudy of methods, but a college in which the teacherwould be brought face to face with material thatin one form or another would latter be transmittedto those who have been entrusted to his care.Needed Scholarships.The other matter to which I wish to make referenceis the need of funds for the assistance of worthy students. The University today distributes more than$40,000 a year in fellowships and scholarships. Thereare hundreds of boys and girls graduating every yearfrom the high schools of the city of Chicago who wishbeyond all things to have the benefit of a college education. I do not have in mind those who for many reasons would better enter at once upon the occupation to which [they are to devote their lives. I amwilling to concede that the number of this latter classis large, and that some of them by mistake find theirway into the ranks of college students. I have inminds those whose ability has been tested ; those whohave exhibited not only a desire for a higher education, but as well the capability of entering upon suchwork with advantage and with profit. In many casesthe parents are able to provide the living of the student, but are unable to make provision for the University fees. I have asked myself whether there arenot at least a hundred men in the city of Chicago whowould find it an enjoyable and profitable thing tomake provision for the University fee of a studentthroughout his college course, provided, of course, themerit of such a student was beyond question. Wehave proposed to ourselves the task this winter offinding a hundred such men. We wish to have the opportunity of saying next April to students graduatingfrom the high schools of Chicago, that where satisfactory evidence can be furnished of inability to paythe fees, provision to the extent indicated will be made.How small a thing this would be, and yet how tremendously significant in the lives of the hundred forwhom the provision would thus be made.We have greatly enjoyed the strong and eloquentwords which have been uttered by our guest, theorator of the evening. On behalf of the Universityand its friends I thank him for this inspiring message.We would join with his many other friends in welcoming him to the city which he will henceforth make hishome.The University extends to all its friends, and inturn hopes to receive from them, the most cordialwishes for a Happy New Year !The Masters of the University, 1892-1897.With the October Convocation the University closedits first period of five years Graduate work.The following is a list showing the names of thosewho have received the Master's degree together withthe title of their theses.*I. MASTERS OF ARTS.Adkinson, Henry Magee, 1897. Anthropology. ''Conceptions of property among North American Indians."Archibald, William Laird, 1894. Semitic. "The MosaicSystem and the Epistle to the Hebrews."Barnes, Clifford Webster, 1893. Church History. * ' Stagesin the Theological Development of Martin Luther."* A list of those who have received the degree of Doctor ofPhilosophy is given in the University Record, Vol. II,No. 36.326 UNIVERSITY RECORDBarta, Alois, 1897. Old Testament Literature and Interpretation. " The Poetic Element in the Book of Micah."Blaine, Harriet Gertrude, 1896. Greek. "Attic FuneralMonuments.'"Chaplin, Trescott Fox, 1897. Political Science. "TheGovernment of the Territories."Colgrove, Chauncey Peter, 1896. Pedagogy. " Habit andAdaptation."Curtis, John Birdsey, 1896. Political Science. "Town andCounty Government in Illinois."Daniels, Lulu Celeste, 1895. Political Science. "Reviewof the Relations of Russia and the United States from 1780 tillthe Civil War."Dickie, Henry, 1894. Semitic. " The Egyptian Allusions inthe Book of Deuteronomy."Dodge, Ernest Green, 1895. Greek. "A Study of Jebb'sTranslation of Sophocles."Earle, Mabel, 1897. Latin. "The Versification ofLucretius."Edmand, Mariette Josephine, 1897. Latin. " Alliterationand Assonance in Terence."Erickson, Frank Morton, 1895. Greek. "The Messengers'Speeches in Greek Tragedy."Farr, Marcus Stults, 1894. Palaeontology. " The Osteologyof the Large Iguanas of the Galapagos Islands."Grant, Elmer Daniel, 1897. Mathematics. " Determinationof the Apparent Size of a Given Ellipsoid as Seen from a GivenExterior Point."Grant, Laura Churchill, 1896. Political Economy. "TheTheory of Value."Howerth, Ira Woods, 1894. Sociology. "Are the Italiansa Dangerous Class?"Huff, William Bashford, 1896. Mathematics. "Asymptotic Lines on the Simple Elliptic Tore."Hulley, Elkanah, 1893. Semitic. "The History of Prophetic Methods."Hulley, Eloise Mayham, 1894. Philosophy. "Correspondence between Stoic and Christian Ethics."Jaffa, Meir, 1896. Semitic. " The Hebrew Word Goy."Johnson, Luther Apelles, 1894. English. " The Influenceof Sir Philip Sydney on English Literature."Lathe, Agnes, 1894. English. *• The New Treatment of Manin English Literature between 1720 and 1750."Learned, Henry Barrett, 1894. History. "The SocialPhilosophy of Adam Smith."Logan, William Clark, 1896. Semitic. "The Clean andthe Unclean in the Mosaic Law."Maddocks, Caroline Shaw, 1895. English. " The Relationship between Hawthorne's Note Books and his Works of Fiction. ' 'Parish, Charles O., 1896. Political Science. "The Government of Iowa."Porterfield Cora Maud, 1897. Latin. " Opening and Closing Epistolary Formulae in Profane Latin Literature."Reynolds, John Hugh, 1897. Political Science. "The Relation of Federal Government to Internal Improvements."Squires, Vernon Purinton, 1895. English. "Studies inMiddle English Prior to Chaucer."Stern, Harry Levy, 1896. Political Science. "Civil Officein Missouri."Thompson, Charles Sproull, 1894. Political Economy." Some Problems of Railway Finance."Wier, Marion Clyde, 1897. Greek. "Studies in ApolloniusRhodius." Winston, Eugenia, 1897. Latin and Greek. "The SevernAgainst Thebes."Zarbell, Ada, 1894. Indo-European Comparative Philology." History of the Latin Denominatives."II. MASTERS OF SCIENCE.Brace, Edith M., 1896. Zoology. " Notes on the NervousSystem of iEolosoma Tenebrarum."Chapin, Louella, 1897. Geology. " North America duringthe Devonian Period."DeCou, Edgar Ezekiel, 1897. Mathematics. "The Conform Representation by the Function w = az2 — 2bz + c and theInverse Function."Escott, Edward Brind, 1896. Mathematics. "The Primitive Substitution Groups of Classes 5, 6, and 7."Hammond, John Churchill, 1897. Mathematics. " On theConditions that a Polygon may be Simultaneously Inscribed inone and Circumscribed about another Conic."Hart, James Norris, 1897. Astronomy. " The Perturbationsof Jupiter upon the Planet 334 Chicago from October 16, 1893, toMay 10, 1895."Perisho, El wood Chappell, 1895. Geology. "The Geologyof Blue Island, Illinois."Stone, Harriet, 1897. Chemistry. "The Constitution ofUric Acid."Stone, Isabella, 1896. Physics. "Experimental Determination of Verdet's Constant."Sturges, Mary Mathews, 1896. Zoology. " Description ofDistomum Patellare, n. sp., with Notes on its Histology."Will ard, Laura, 1896. Sociology. " Local Government inIllinois, as Illustrated by the Municipal Development of HydePark."III. MASTERS OF PHILOSOPHY.Atkinson, David Clarence, 1894. Sociology. "Attempt ofChicago to meet the Positive Needs of the Community."Breckinridge, Sophonisba Preston, 1897. Political Science. "The Judicial System of Kentucky."Cipriani, Lisi Cecilia, 1896. Romance. "The HistoricalFoundation in the Chanson de Geste, Gui de Bourgogne."Clark, Faith Benita, 1897. phy. " The Ethics ofthe Family in the Graeco-Roman Period."Dorman, John Benjamin, 1895. Political Science. " Legislative Powers as Possessed by the Political Unit of our Commonwealth."Harding, William Fletcher, 1895. Political Economy." The State Bank of Indiana."MacLe an, Annie Marion, 1897. Political Economy. "Factory Legislation for Women in the United States."Moritz, Robert Edouard, 1896. Mathematics. " On CertainQuartic Surfaces."Pratt, Alice Edwards, 1893. English. " The Use of Colorin the Poetry of John Keats."Radford, Maud L., 1896. English. " Gothicism inEighteenthCentury English Literature."Schottenfels, Ida May, 1895. Mathematics. "DefinitionalFunctional Properties for the Analytical Function/Os) = anirZ.ITSikes, George Cushing, 1894. Political Economy. " TheApprentice System."Silliman, Caroline E., 1896. History. " The History of theAdoption of the Fourteenth Amendment in Congress."Walker, Florence Mercy, 1895. English. "The ChorusElement in Shakespeare."Wallin, Madeline, 1893. Political Science. Restrictionsof the Powers of Legislature in State Constitutions."UNIVERSITY RECORD 327Officers of College Divisions for the Winter Quarter,1898.senior colleges.B. S. Terry, Dean; Lawrence de Graff, Chairmanof Council.Division I. — Professor Chandler, Division Officer ;Harry Coy, Division Councillor ; President Harper,Division Lecturer. Division Lecture: Wednesday, 5p.m., in Haskell Oriental Museum.Division II. — Mr. Caterall, Division Officer; Mr.R. E. Graves, Division Councillor ; President Harper,Division Lecturer. Division Lecture (same as Division I).Division III. — Assistant Professor R. E. Herrick,Division Officer; Miss Charlotte Teller, DivisionCouncillor; Professor Barnard, Division Lecturer.Division Lecture : Thursday, 5 p.m., Haskell AssemblyRoom.Division IV. — Associate Professor Tufts, DivisionOfficer ; Mr. J. E. Freeman, Division Councillor; Professor Barnard, Division Lecturer. Division Lecture(same as Division III).Division V. — Associate Professor Blackburn, Division Officer ; Mr. A. L. Barton, Division Councillor!;Professor Barnard, Division Lecturer. Division Lecture (same as Division III).Division VI. — Associate Professor Castle, DivisionOfficer ; Mr. F. A. Brown, Division Councillor ; Professor Barnard, Division Lecturer. Division Lecture(same as Division III).JUNIOR COLLEGES.Edward Capps, Dean ; Mr. C. L. Hoy, Chairmanof the Council ; Miss Marietta Norton, Secretary.Division I. — Associate Professor Capps, DivisionOfficer; Mr. C. L. Hoy, Division Councillor; DeanMacClintock, Division Lecturer. Division Lecture :Tuesday, 10:30, in Room 8 B, Cobb Hall.Division II. — Assistant Professor Smith and Dr. J.W. Thompson, Division Officers; Mr. E. E. Irons,Division Councillor ; Head Professor Laughlin, Division Lecturer. Division Lecture : Tuesday, 10: 30 a.m.,Room 6 A, Cobb Lecture Hall.Division III. — Assistant Professor C. H. Moore,Division Officer; Mr. R. T. Rogers, Division Councillor;Head Professor Laughlin, Division Lecturer. Division Lecture (same as Division II).Division IV. — Assistant Professor W. B. Owen,Division Officer ; Miss Norton, Division Councillor ;Head Professor Laughlin, Division Lecturer. DivisionLecture (same as Division II). Division V. — Assistant Professor Vincent, AssistantProfessor Hill, Dr. Paul Kern, Mr. Damon, and Mr. A.W. Moore, Division Officers ; Miss Morgan, DivisionCouncillor; Assistant Professor Smith, Division Lecturer. Division Lecture : Tuesday, 10:30 a.m., Room20, Kent Laboratory.Division VI. — Dr. J. H. Boyd, Division Officer; President W. R. Harper, Division Lecturer. DivisionLecture : Thursday, 1 p.m., Haskell Oriental Museum.Reports from the Botanical Club.The January 11 meeting of the Botanical Club hadan unusually large attendance, many teachers fromthe city high schools being present to hear Head Professor John M. Coulter discuss the subject of recentbotanical text-books.Professor Coulter lamented the fact that the recentflood of botanical text-books displays a barren sameness with no fundamental departures from old timetraditions.The books were considered in three categories, textbooks, manuals and laboratory guides. A text-bookshould emphasize principles. It should have a continuity of presentation. It should be a book whichcan be read, studied and recited from. There shouldbe a plot like a novel, a suppression of details and anelimination of unessentials. The manual is primarilydifferent. It lays stress not so much upon principlesas details. It is not to be read but is a reference bookto be consulted. The laboratory guide needs no definition. Its value depends upon the teacher and agood text to accompany it.Professor Coulter then gave some of the criteria bywhich he judges the text-books which are constantlycoming to him for review. The book must be adaptedto its constituency. There must be organization, athread which strings everything together. Most textsfail here. Then there must be a sound philosophy, forfacts are uninteresting and comparatively useless unless they are properly related. The philosophy mustbe safe with no confusion of fact and inference. Theterminology must be consistent and terms must bekept in the background as far as possible. Terminology is nowhere so out of place as in a text-book.There should be an absolute suppression of unnecessary details. The author need not bring in all heknows and more. Most books lack balance. Everyauthor has some specialty which is apt to appearunduly prominent in his text.These criteria were briefly applied to about a dozenof the most prominent recent texts. It is a noteworthyfact that even those which give a fairly consistent328 UNIVERSITY RECORDmorphology of the plant kingdom from Algae up tothe Spermatophytes break down under the difficultiespresented by this great group and degenerate into adreary enumeration of cohorts, tribes and familiesaccompanied by an interminable terminology andunessential detail.In closing, Sachs' Physiology of Plants was referredto as the best text-book of botany ever written. Itcovers but a single field. It can be read. There is aplot, details are banished, unessentials are suppressedand terminology is kept in the background.No doubt many of the authors who have been sooften criticised are praying, " O that mine adversarywould write a book."Official Notices.Official copies of the University Record for theuse of students may be found in the corridors andhalls of the various buildings in the University quadrangles. Students are requested to make themselvesacquainted with the official actions and notices of theUniversity, as published from week to week in theUniversity Record.Religious.At the vesper services during the Winter Quarter thefollowing series of lectures will be given on "ThePlace of Christianity in the History of the World :"January 9. — Hebrew Prophetic Thought in its Relation to Christianity. President Harper.January 16. — Hebrew Legal Thought in its Relationto Christianity. President Harper.January 23. — Hebrew Wisdom Thought in its Relation to Christianity. President Harper.January 30.— Greek Thought in the First Century B. C. Professor Shailer Mathews.February 6. — Roman Institutions in the First Century B. C. Professor Francis W. Kelsey, of the University of Michigan.February 13. — The Birth of Christianity. Head Professor E. D. Burton.February 20. — The First Century of Christianity.Professor Shailer Mathews.February 27. — The Christianity of the Centuries.President Chas. J. Little, Garrett Biblical Institute.March 6.— The Christianity of Today. Rev. NewellDwight Hillis, D.D.March 13.— Christianity of the Future. Dr. JohnHenry Barrows. The University Concert.The Twelfth University Concert will be given in theGymnasium, Thursday January 27, at 8:00 p.m.programme.Overture Dramatique (MS.) - - Carl Gustav Schmitt(Dedicated to the University of Chicago.)for full orchestra— Given for the first time.DieLoreley LisztMrs. Genevieve Clark Wilson.At the Cloister Gate GriegMrs. Genevieve Clark Wilson, Mrs. ChristineNielson Dreier.Chorus of Women's Voices, and Orchestra.Racine's Athalie MendelssohnMrs. Genevieve Clark Wilson, Mrs. Christine NielsonDreier, Miss Marie Carter, Mr. S. H. Clark, theUniversity Chorus, and Orchestra.(Given for the first time in Chicago.)Academy Convocation.The Twenty-first Convocation of the Morgan ParkAcademy was held in Blake Hall, Monday evening,January 10, 1898. The Convocation address was delivered by Head Professor John M. Coulter of theUniversity. Special music was furnished by Miss A.M. Pershing, Pianist. Certificates and Scholarshipswere awarded as follows :Certificates of Admission to the Higher Academy :Alfred N. Burnham, Alice M. Sandberg,Ellsworth L. Dare, Henry Cowles Smith,Sidney Goldstein, Turner Burton Smith,Leila Belle Golsan, Jessie Frances Wheeler,Edith L. Zeiss.Academy Certificates for students completing thefull course :Carl D. Greenleaf, William S. Harmon.Academy Full Scholarships:Edith Ashmore,Ida Bunker,Robert Haley Campbell,Alfred Eugene Courlis,Joseph Chalmers Ewing,Leila Belle Golsan,Oscar Olin Hamilton,Albert LangworthyJones, Benjamin Franklin Mc-Cord,Charles R. Manley,Claude Carlyle Nuckols,Elida Seraphia Oberg,Eva Rebecca Price,John Jacob Scott,Josephine Gray ThompsonAlbert Ross Vail,Jessie Frances Wheeler.Walker Full Scholarships :Helen Louise Darby, Sigrid Anna Lagergren,Rosemary Jones, Fannie Moore,Murray Turner Morgan.UNIVERSITY RECORD 329The Calendar.JANUARY 14-22, 1898.Friday, January 14.Chapel-Assembly : Graduate Schools. — Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10:30 a.m.Mathematical Club meets in Ryerson Physical Laboratory, Room 35, 4:00 p.m.Dr. Wilczynski will read on " Systems of Multiform Functions belonging to a Group of Linear Substitutions withVariable Coefficients."Notes : " The Geneva Astronomical Conference," by Dr.Laves." On Cantor " VI, by Head Professor Moore.Reception by the Christian Union, Chapel, Cobb Lecture Hall, 8:00 a.m.Saturday, January 15.Administrative Board of the University Press, 8:30a.m.Faculty of the Junior Colleges, 10:00 a.m.The University Council, 11 : 30 a.m.Sunday, January 16.Vesper Service. Kent Theater, 4:00 p.m.President Harper: "Hebrew Legal Thought in its Relation to Christianity."Union meeting of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A.,Haskell Oriental Museum, Assembly Room, 7: 00 p.m.Monday, January 17.Chapel -Assembly : Junior Colleges. — Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10:30 a.m. (required of Junior CollegeStudents).Germanic Club meets in B 11, Cobb Lecture Hall,3:00 p.m.Assistant Professor Schmidt-Wartenberg : " Weitere ober-und niederdeutsche Handschriften des Speculum hu-mance SalvationistMr. Almstedt : " Skizze einer Reise in Deutschland."Tuesday, January 18.Chapel-Assembly: Senior Colleges. — Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10:30 a.m. (required of Senior CollegeStudents).Lecture before Junior Division I, B 8, Cobb LectureHall, 10:30 a.m.Lecture before Junior Divisions II-IV, A 6, CobbLecture Hall, 10:30 a.m.Lecture before Junior Division V, Kent Laboratory,Room 20, 10: 30 a.m.Botanical Club meets in the Botanical Building,5:00 p.m.O. W. Caldwell will review recent papers on Fermentation.H. C. Cowles will review Warming's " Sand Dune Studiesin Denmark." Semitic Club meets in Haskell Oriental Museum,Room 21, 7:30 p.m.P. P. Bruce: "Contract Tablets relating to BusinessAffairs."University Chorus, Kent Theater, 7:15 p.m.English Club meets in the English Library, CobbLecture Hall, 8:00 p.m.Assistant Professor S. H. Clark will give an address upon"Some Shakespearean Cruces.,JWednesday, January 19.Geological Club meets in the Lecture Room of WalkerMuseum, 4:30 p.m.Salient Features of Mountain Ranges.Zoological Club meets in Room 24, Zoological Building, 4:00 P.M.Mr. Guyer: "A review of some recent literature on Spermatogenesis."Dr. Child : " Some recent experimental work on the Cteno-phore egg."Lecture before Senior Divisions I and II, FacultyRoom, Haskell Oriental Museum, 5:00 p.m.Bacteriological Club meets in Room 40, ZoologicalBuilding, 5:00 p.m.A. H. Cole : " The Action of Formaldehyde and some otherDisinfectants upon the Py genie Cocci."C. V. BachellS: "Streptococcus Enteritis."Club of Political Science and History meets in theFaculty Room, Haskell Oriental Museum, 8:00 p.m.Dr. J. Walter Fertigon "The Causes of the Mexican War."Prayer Meeting of the Y. M. C. A., Lecture Room,Cobb Lecture Hall, 7:00 p.m.Thursday, January 20.Chapel-Assembly : Divinity School. — Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10:30 a.m.Lecture before Junior Division VI, Faculty Room,Haskell Oriental Museum, 1:00 p.m.Lecture before Senior Divisions III- VI, AssemblyRoom, Haskell Oriental Museum, 5 : 00 p.m.Philosophical Club meets in Faculty Room, HaskellOriental Museum, 7: 45 p.m.There will be a discussion of the last chapter of James*Psychology, "Necessary Truths and the Effects ofExperience." The paper will be given by Dr. Fite.Friday, January 21.Chapel- Assembly : Graduate Schools. — Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10: 30 a.m.Philological Society meets in Faculty Room, HaskellOriental Museum, 8:00 p.m.Dr. de Poyen-Bellisle : Notes on the sounds and forms inBruant's " Dans la Rue."Assistant Professor C. H. Moore on "ThelThesaurus Linguae Latinae."Saturday, January 22.Administrative Board of University Affiliations,8:30 a.m.Faculty of the Senior Colleges, 10:00 a.m.Faculty of the Divinity School, 11:30 a.m.Material for the UNIVBBSITY BECOBD must be sent to the Becorder by THURSDAY, 8:30 A.M., inorder to be published in the issue of the same week.University RecordEDITED BY THE UNIVERSITY RECORDERTHE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF£be mni\>ergit$ of (tbicaooIt contains articles on literary and educational topics.The Quarterly Convocation Addresses and the President'sQuarterly Statements are published in the Record inauthorized form. A weekly calendar of University exercises, meetings of clubs, public lectures, musical recitals, etc.,the text of official actions and notices important to students, afford to members of the University and its friendsfull information concerning official life and progress at theUniversity. Abstracts of Doctors and Masters theses arepublished before the theses themselves are printed. Contentsof University journals are summarized as they appear.Students for the Summer Quarter can subscribe for the UniversityRecord /<?/- the year or obtain single copies weekly at the Book Room ofThe University Press, Cobb lecture Hall.The Record appears weekly on Fridays at 3.-00 p.m. Yearlysubscription $1.00; single copies 5 cents.