Gbe TUntversits of dbtcaaoPrice $J*50 founded by john d. rockefeller Single CopiesPer Year 5 CentsUniversity RecordPUBLISHED BY AUTHORITYCHICAGOXZbe mnivetsits of Gbtcaso ipressVOL. II, NO. 10. PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY AT 3:00 P.M. JUNE 4, 1897.Entered in the post office Chicago, Illinois, as second-class matter.CONTENTS.I. Is the Prevalent Conception of the Ministry theTrue One? By the Rev. W. H. Geistweit - - 85-90II. Some Problems in Education. III. By Head Professor John M. Coulter - - - - - - 90-91III. School Record, Notes, and Plan, XXVII : The University of Chicago School 91-92IV. Reports from the Zoological Club: Origin of thePronephric Duct in Selachians - 92V. Official Notices 93VI. Programme of the Summer Convocation - - 94VII. Competitors in the College Declamations 95VIII. Official Reports: The Library; South DivinityHouse - - - 95IX. Religious - - - - -' - - - - 95X. Graduate Club 95XI. Current Events 95XII. The University Chorus 96XIII. The Calendar -------- 96/s the Prevalent Conception of the Ministry theTrue One?*BY THE REV. W. H. GEISTWEIT.A serious difficulty presents itself at the very beginning. In seeking an answer to the question, " Isthe Prevalent Conception of the work of the Ministerthe True One?" another question instantly arises," Where do you live ? " ; for the question is largely oneof geography. There is the university conception, thecity conception, the rural conception, the missionaryconception ; now, which one do you mean ? I maygo farther and say, with some diffidence, and yet inutmost frankness, that these conceptions rarely agreewith one another. How soon the young, fleet-footed* A paper read at the Divinity Conference held at The University October 2, 1896. Mercury, with wings at his feet, alights from hismid-air conception to the hard walks of practicalministerial life in city and town and crossroads andin the regions beyond, is too well known to those whohave gone with high hopes and lofty conceptions fromthe hands of those who sought to help them to theirlife-work. Wings are no longer at their feet; theymay be supremely happy if they can maintain buoyancy of heart, as they go on with the work God hasgiven them to do.There are some things to be said about the modernconception of the ministry which are most cheeringand comforting. There has been an emerging of thepreacher from the mists and shades of an unfortunateother- worldliness, which has sometimes made him anobject more of a maudlin pity than genuine respect onthe part of healthy, strong-minded folks. He is nowpermitted to live in this world ; it is recognized thathe is a man of flesh and blood, sometimes exceedinglyordinary in quality ! He is now expected to havesome practical sense of things outside of his pulpit.He is now no longer asked to be a parrot, imitatingthe utterances of other men who may have been dead,lo, these hundreds of years. He is now privileged tothink for himself, to study for himself. It is slowlycoming to be recognized that the preacher may havethoughts of his own, which, if he can find sufficientauthority in the book we call the Bible, are sufficientfor wholesome teaching ; that the largest liberty accorded the preacher is bringing about a greater unityamong Christians in all the world. The modern conception, in some phases of it, has really unfettered the86 UNIVERSITY RECORDpreacher, and made him a man among men, alert, alive,honorable, honest, sincere, God-like, with holiness inhis life, and not vested entirely in his coat; it is theheart under the coat that gives character to thepreacher. For this emancipation from an old-timeconception of the preacher, which too frequently madelimpness of body, and sallowness of complexion,striking qualifications for his holy office — let us betruly thankful.But along with emancipation there has come a kindof slavery which, unless curbed, may tend to changea minister from the man of God he ought to be, to thestrangest chameleonlike animal the world has everbeheld. Of such dangers and kindred difficulties letme now speak.There are some phases of ministerial life today thatcertainly should cause us to seriously consider thequestion before us. Look at the picture : there neverhas been a time, so far as I am able to learn, whenthere was such a restlessness among ministers asexists today ; let a pulpit be declared vacant, and thescramble for it, from every direction, by multitudes ofmen, of all grades of ability, is certainly humiliating.The number of men, well-equipped, apparently, whoare standing around, waiting for something to turnup ; the number of men who are dreaming of otherfields than they now occupy, and the constant increaseof the tide from seminaries — my brethren, never dida more serious question confront you than this weare now considering. Where is the difficulty ? Arethere too many ministers ? No. Are there no churchesvacant ? Many. I know of a number of the very bestchurches in the country looking for men ; and it is anincreasing astonishment among the many willing victims why they should go a day without being richlysatisfied. What is the matter ?For me to say that in my judgment the modern conception of the minister is wrong, in some phases of it,is to throw back upon me the natural duty of sayingwhy I think so. And I am sure you will give mecredit for honest conviction even though you maythink my view altogether too narrow.Generally speaking, one phase of the modern conception of the minister's work is, that he shall be thereligious, financial, social, political, moral-reform carthorse of the community. He shall be an authority oneverything ; he shall be the center of the community'sintellectual life, at the forefront of every moral movement, from the leader in the free soup house establishment to the defender of the single standard in thepresent*^ political campaign ; with one scarcely per-*Written October 1896. missible exception : that he might want free silver —or desire to vote the Prohibition ticket. Incidentallyhe may preach the gospel — which I may be permittedto narrow for the present moment into meaning this :urging men to submit at once to Jesus Christ ;that as sinners they must be born again in orderto gain entrance into the kingdom of God; teaching them to lead lives ever conforming to the imageof God's Son, to which a holy predestination inspiresthem.He is to be swallowed up by the time-spirit ; whichI sometimes think is not so modern as some are apt tosuppose. There were men living in other days whosaid : Go to, it is this life we are living ; let us giveattention to that ; let us eat and drink, and see, incidentally that we have good stuff to eat and drink —for to-morrow we die ; and for that, let us see thatsewers are so well built, that water is so well filteredthat there shall be no contamination from our carcasses after we have mingled with the dust — and lo,we serve our generation well ! This time-spirit shallso envelop him that the work of his life shall be tomake this a comfortable world to live in ; and so hemust be in the forefront of battle, seeking the passageof good laws, building refuges for the poor, with goodstreets and a perfect water supply.It is not supposed, in this modern conception of theminister, that he have many people to preach to ; Imean the average preacher. He must needs becomean evangelist or a political wheel horse before the people will hear him gladly ; yes, they will hear himgladly when he has bread to give out ; but as for hisdoctrine? — well, it may be that he has none; thatisn't so very important !Perhaps, through this pleasantly satirical definitionof one phase of the " conception " you can catch theundertone of an earnest protest at what seems to meto be a wrong and utterly unfair and unscripturalconception of his work. A teacher or professor is expected to attend strictly to his clearly defined business ; a physician to his legitimate calling ; the onlyman in the community who has a calling which seemsto admit everything under heaven, and which he isexpected to heartily respond to, is the minister of thegospel.There is also a mistaken conception of the minister'swork, and his calling in general, on the part of manychurches, which is frequently evident when a newpastor is to be called. During the past summer a letter was sent to me, asking of a minister whom achurch was considering as a prospective pastor. Thechairman of the pulpit committee of this churchasked the following questions :UNIVERSITY RECORD 87Where was he educated, and how much of a scholaris he?What of his ability as a thinker and speaker?What of his good judgment and executive ability?What of his financial ability as to personal affairs,as well as church affairs?What salary has he commanded?How much experience has he had?Is he energetic?Has he good tact?Is his wife a cultured lady?Is she a church worker, and a great help to him?Has she, in your opinion, all the good qualities of apastor's wife?While there is no objection to any of these questions, possibly, the misconception of a true ministerof Jesus Christ which they evidence, is certainly pathetic. No question as to this man's spiritual life ;as to the character of his preaching ; as to the dominant purpose of his ministry ; as to his evangelisticzeal, his efforts to win men to Christ. If all that achurch wants in a minister is shown in these questions — and they are characteristic of the averagequestions asked nowadays — one can readily see howsuch a church could become a moral cipher in anycommunity — a cipher with the "rims" rubbed off !We can easily see how such false intellectual conceptions influence young preachers, and make themset themselves to "fill the bill." Yet more: one canreadily see how such a conception colors all intellectual effort for the pulpit, making a man give emphasis to that, to the sad exclusion of that other chiefrequisite to an enduring ministry, a life steeped inprayer, living in the atmosphere of the present, livingChrist, whose minister and bond servant he hopesto be.I hesitate to enlarge this phase of the subject. Butthe danger is far greater than can be appreciated saveby those who are out on the field of battle, who seethe needs, and know the real condition of things.And were it not for the fact that I can give my ownconvictions in the language of another, one of the mostdistinguished professors in homiletics, I should hesitate, indeed, refuse to give further expression to them.At the close of his masterly treatise on " The Theory ofPreaching" Prof essor Austin Phelps gives this warning to his students :It is that our Protestant denominations are not in all respectsusing the theory of high culture in the ministry in a Christianway. Somehow or other, it is not working altogether right inpractice. I acknowledge some alarm at the prospect before us,if the present drift of things, in one respect, be not arrested.A scholarly ministry, taken as a whole, we must confess isworking away from the unscholarly masses of the people. Per haps it would be more strictly accurate to say, that the unscholarly masses are working away from it. But practically* thismakes no difference The religious press of England andScotland confess to the sundering. Infidel critics triumph overit. The Westminster Review discusses the fact as one whichcandid men will not dispute. The London Times and SaturdayReview explicitly affirm that the clergy are no longer leadersof the religious thought of England. Reformers and statesmenare looking about them for other agencies than those of thechurch and the pulpit to elevate the degraded and control thedangerous classes.Speaking of this country he thought that the conditions are in the same direction, some denominationseven openly declaring that the mission is to the richand well-to-do of the world. Referring to the manyagencies now at work to " reach the masses," he says :They may be all excellent in their way. They are all welcome as evidence that good men are feeling after the right way.But this fact is observable in them thus far that, to a largeextent — not entirely — they leave the clergy out of the question,or assign to them a false position. We are creating vast organizations of lay-laborers, sabbath schools, mission schools, YoungMen's Christian Associations, colporters, Bible readers, etc., toreach the masses of the people, because of the admitted factthat our pulpit, as administered to our own wants and tastes,does not reach them. We are working, in great part, upon asystem which takes it for granted that our own clergy, in ourown churches, cannot reach them. In some cases the avowal iswhispered that we do not want to reach them there.Referring to one of the strongest evangelical denominations, at one time noted for its evangelistic zeal, hesays :They affirm that the spirit of their denomination is risingin the direction of refinement, of education, of social position,and pecuniary beneficence ; but they are not lifting the masseswith them, they are simply soaring overhead The dangeris that nature will outweigh grace ; their educated preachersand their humble classes are in danger of parting company,because they are in peril of losing sympathy.In view of these facts, he says :It is not strange if the whole question of clerical educationundergoes revision. It must not be wondered at if Christianlaymen infer that our process of cultivation is a destructive one.Perhaps the chief difficulty underlying much thatProfessor Phelps complains of can be stated in a briefsentence : the severance of the evangelistic spirit fromthe intellectual life. I know we are apt to smile atsuch a suggestion, and imply that it is unworthy aserious thought. But it has come to pass in recentyears that some of our ablest teachers and theologianshave thought it worth while to sit at the feet of thecommon lay-evangelist, and learn the secret of hispower. Northfield is very much in evidence in lateyears. For the first time in its history, during the past;summer, the General Conference of the Methodist:Episcopal Church recognized formally the office of theevangelist, as distinct from that of pastor or preacher..The mere fact of it is significant, and is a confession88 UNIVERSITY RECORDof some things Professor Phelps complained of.This difficulty, a mistaken, esoteric intellectualism,that creates barriers instead of breaking them down,has, all unconsciously and unintentionally I know,turned many a preacher away from the higher spiritual work of the minister, and he has become, alas, toooften, an unnatural, unpractical, unsympathetic soul,a ministerial cipher, soaring, while his unfortunatepeople are grovelling. And there is nothing that moreclearly explains the small congregations all over theland than this suggestion. People with such preachersnever understand each other, they can never help eachother, and as for seeking the lost, they are uselessfactors in the world's great harvest field. There aretwo extremes to this, wide in their divergence : Oneis, that the minister becomes the general moral andpolitical utility man in the community, spreadinghimself over so much territory as to make him decidedly transparent in many sections — which is a politeway of saying, " pretty thin in spots." The other extreme which is too often seen : he becomes a dried-up,fossilized, middle-century theologian, suffering frommental and spiritual strabismus — mourning over adead-line in the ministry. And what is the salvation ?Send for the evangelist. God bless him, he is theevangel of the past fifty years, who has done not alittle to keep us from utter paralysis !I am reminded again of the earnest words of theman from whom I quoted a while ago. Says ProfessorPhelps to his students :A preacher had better work in the dark, with nothing butmother wit, a quickened conscience, and a Saxon Bible to teachhim what to do and how to do it, than to vault into an atrialministry in which only the upper classes shall know or careanything about him. You had better go and talk the gospel inthe Cornish dialect to those miners who told the witnesses summoned by the committee of the English Parliament, that they" had never heard of Mister Jesus Christ in these mines," thanto do the work of the Bishop of London. Make your ministryreach the people, in the forms of purest culture if you can, butreach the people ; with elaborate doctrine if possible, but reachthe people ; with classic speech if it may be, but reach thepeople. The great problem of life to an educated ministry is tomake their culture a power instead of a luxury. Our temptations are all one way. Our mission is all the other way.In this connection you will let me add just a fewwords more : There never has been a time, probably,when the preacher's work was so multifarious, andwithal, so exacting. The demands upon him are constantly increasing. And the question rises seriously,whether the idea of the minister's work as embodiedin the Bible includes all that is now expected of him.Indeed, I want to put the question in still sharperfashion : whether a minister can enter upon the workhe is now expected to do, and still maintain the character of a preacher as laid down in the Bible ? He is tormented by every wind of doctrine, religious, political and philanthropic, which partisans call the doctrines of Jesus Christ, until he is thoroughly bewildered as to his real calling. An example is furnishedby the famous critic, Mr. Frederic Harrison : Speaking of " art " as a subject for pulpit treatment, he says:" It may not be religious in the sense of the ordinarypulpit ; and so much the worse for the ordinary pulpit.The pulpits in vogue utter little enough to instructthe artist how he may use his talent in a worthy way,and the preacher would be scandalized if he wereasked to touch upon such mundane themes. But allthe same it is the business of religion and social ethicsto teach the noble use of imaginative gifts, and how apure and lofty art may minister to the beauty of anoble life. If the churches do not know what thismeans, I am sorry for the churches." Yes, we do knowwhat it means ; it means nothing less than a secularization of the pulpit ; a turning from its work to" create a divine manhood among men," to a caramelsort of teaching which may run from the painting ofa picture to the decoration of his mother's fence byTom Sawyer.Still more in point, is a recent declaration in one ofthe ablest monthlies that comes to my desk. It isaddressed primarily to ministers. The writer refersto the time when the minister was the intellectualleader in the community ; that for some years hehad declined in that necessary function ; but hailingthe dawning of a brighter and better day — the present, when he is slowly coming again to be the intellectual leader in the community. Certainly I shallnot be understood today as pleading for less intellectual culture — that is foreign to my thought. Therecannot be too great emphasis laid upon the need ofthe broadest culture for the minister. Anythingworth doing for God and humanity calls for the veryhighest culture, the best disciplined mind and heartthe man is capable of attaining. We should beashamed not to be our best in seeking to do our best.If any student does not believe this now, he willbelieve it, with many heart-burnings, ten years hence.But — the minister who aspires to be the intellectualleader in his community is in peril of a most serioussort. Rather let him strive to be in the forefront ofright religious thought ; there is greater need todayfor religious leaders — which need not lessen his intellectual force, if he has the right sort of intellect. Thismuch I know, that as a minister goes on in his work,he will see the necessity laid upon him as I have hereindicated, if he is at all alive to the needs of the community, and is not living a self -centered life — whichis a great snare to the modern preacher.UNIVERSITY RECORD 89Yet one more phase of the modern conception of thepreacher's work : It is the classing of his calling withother professions of the world. By this I mean thatthere are numbers of men who are now in the ministry, and others who are now studying for the ministry, who have simply gone into it because it seemedto invite the most possibilities for general usefulness.There are men not a few, who have no positive convictions concerning the will of God in their choice of theministry, and their work is poor and unsatisfactory,by just so much. This matter is of tremendous importance to the average man ; the exceptionally brilliant man can get along anywhere. But the heartburnings, the misgivings, the tears over wasted years,of men who have discovered that they were in a life-work to which God had never called them, can neverbe known, but the multitude is great.The responsibility of our theological teachers in thisdirection cannot be exaggerated. How many a youngman might have been saved to much usefulness inother walks of life if his teachers had lovingly gone tohim and said : " You had better not tarry here; we donot believe you will ever make a preacher." It maybe answered that such a procedure involves an assumption of authority or infallibility of judgment notcalled for in the profession. I answer that if, aftertwenty -five years of teaching, a man cannot sum up ayoung student who presents himself at the door of theseminary, and within six months cannot with somedegree of fairness form a correct judgment of him —well, I think we all agree upon the qualifications ofsuch a professor. Faithfulness in this direction (unpleasant though it may be, as some teachers can testify, doubtless, from experience) might lessen the attendance at the seminaries of the land within a year,but the changed character of the men turned outwould be striking within the next twenty-five years.It is utterly aside from the present purpose to definewhat I mean when I use the phrase, a God-called ministry. But I will be permitted to say to every studenthere today, that unless there is a settled conviction inyour heart, settled, not by force of birth or educationor happy circumstance, but settled by your own heartbetween yourself and God alone, that it is His will andyour willingness that you shall become a preacher ofrighteousness, a winner of men from sin to God — Irepeat it, unless this is the deeply settled convictionof your soul, I hope you will pause today and examinethe roots of your purposes in the work you are undertaking. Unless you are a man of striking abilitywhich may enable you to rise above heart-convictionssometimes, you will not stand the pressure of the workof a preacher and pastor in the ordinary fields of this world. I would bring you back to this old-fashionedconviction that God calls the preacher, and educationonly fits him for the holy expedition. It never makeshim. God is his Alma Mater before his matriculationin university or seminary.It is a great relief to turn away from some of thesemodern conceptions of the minister and his work, andseek the conception of the book from which we are todraw most of our inspiration and surely all our authority. I need not take time to read it. It is well knownto all of us. Paul's letters to Timothy are a sufficientindication of my meaning. To this let me add a fewwords from a man, who is not given to extravagantstatements on the side of what is called general orthodoxy. In the Forum of July 1893, Dr. Lyman Abbottdiscussed the preacher's work in such a way as tomeet a warm response in my heart :The distinctive function of the ministry is to inspire spirituallife, that life out of which all other life — both individual andsocial — grows, and by which it is directed and controlled, thelife of faith which looks upon the things that are unseen andeternal In brief, the minister is not appointed to draw acongregation, nor to entertain them when they are drawn, norto teach a congregation, if by teaching is meant ministering totheir intellectual life, nor to reform society, that is, to redraftits laws, political or industrial, or instruct either its legislatures or the people in political or social science ; he is neitheran orator, a school-teacher, nor a reformer, but a life-giver. Hismission is that of his Master who said, " I am come that theymight have life, and that they might have it more abundantly."I might add to this conception of Dr. Abbott's, that ifa man so interprets his mission, as that of a life-giver,he will not fail to minister to all the phases of life Dr.Abbott declares as aside from his real function : hewill draw a congregation, he will be a teacher, he willhelp in the social life of every community ; he will beall this and more — but these will be fruits of his mission as a life -giver.Now, brethren, I trust you will not understand thispaper as the cry of a pessimist. It is with thegreatest hopefulness that I greet you today. Theatmosphere is thrilling with intellectual life, inspiringbecause it is so keen and fearless. Let us meet it,embrace it, breathe to the full all its possibilities andglorious promises. Let us make it minister to thehighest spiritual life ; let it make us servants fitted toevery need of man ; ever remembering that that whichunfits us for the lowliest service, unfits us for highestusefulness; ever remembering, too, that teachingwhich exalts the time-spirit — the Zeitgeist — as tomake it fill out the whole horizon of thought and effort,to the exclusion of the eternal spirit — the EwigJceits-geist — which seems to me the only spirit worth possessing for a man or preacher, is so far unworthy the nameof a Christian. I come from the field today in some sense90 UNIVERSITY RECORDwith a peculiar knowledge of the heart-cry of thechurches — many of them — and I say to you, thereis great need, still, for preachers, in the truest meaning of the name ; for intense men ; spiritual men ;faith-filled men ; men who have convictions of truth,the result of honest and fearless investigation ; menwho believe in a Christ who lived — and still lives — ,who died for something and for somebody; whosepower to save is the only power the world has yet discovered. Yes, they expect him to be bold, independent, honest as a student, diligent and tireless inthings worth while, frank in the utterance of thingshe knows (not guesses); there is little use, I cautionyou, for a refined interrogation point ; but a man ofstrong individuality ; not a seer of visions, necessarily,but a man of flesh and blood and sense and breadthto help people live right lives here, properly proportioned to that endless life just beyond. Such men arewanted. In this matter, as in everything else, in accordance with the law of evolution, the fittest willsurvive, the unfitted will pass to the rear and die —only some of us take such a long time to do it!Some Problems in Education.BY HEAD PROFESSOR JOHN M. COULTER.III. Overproduction of Teachers.3. Overproduction of Teachers. — Unfortunately,the teacher's profession has the reputation of yieldinga larger income upon a less investment of capital thanany other profession. The impression is that the workis light, the hours short, the position honorable, andthat anyone with a smattering education is competent.As a consequence, thousands of perfectly raw youngmen and women press into the profession, not possessing a single qualification that would justify theirappointment as teachers. To them it seems an easyescape from more unfavorable conditions of living.They are not to be blamed, for so long as they can obtain positions in the schools, they have no reason tosuppose that they are utterly incompetent. It is notto be expected that they will appreciate instinctivelythe high preparation necessary. It can be countedupon always that the preparation of the majority willbe an exact measure of the preparation necessary tosecure the position.This crowding of incompetents into the profession ofteaching naturally finds its strongest expression in thelower grades, but in spite of all barriers its influence is felt in the secondary schools and colleges. It mustbe remembered that incompetent teaching issues fromthe universities as well as from the so-called " cheapnormals," but my attention has been specially directedto those hotbeds of pedagogical quackery which havebeen devised to pander to the ignorance of would-beteachers. No serious expenditure of time and moneyand effort, and then a living, is the lure which alwayshas attracted and always will attract the thousandswho know no better. The results of this work ofcharlatans might not be serious, but the shoddy pedagogues are employed by trustees and school boards.And what shall we say of these authorized conservators of the schools ? I may be pardoned for presuming, out of courtesy to their intentions, that as a rulethey are not particularly alive to the educationalsituation, or particularly keen in their power ofdetecting the difference between competent andincompetent teachers. The notable exceptions tothis statement serve but to make the general condition more glaringly evident, a statement whichis just as true of college trustees to my certainknowledge. Such officers usually bring to the schoolservice well-earned reputations in the conduct ofbusiness or of politics, and for those departmentsof school management they are thoroughly qualified.Whenever the methods of the street, in business or inpolitics, are brought into influential touch with theselection of teachers, it inevitably results in false economy in reference to expenditure for teaching, or favoritism, or both. This is a serious charge, but it is thesure result of applying to one sphere of action principles which have proved successful in a totally different sphere. I know colleges whose trustees seek toapply to them the same principles which have servedthem in the store or in the factory. The nerve consuming task of teaching is measured by hours, withno allowance for the hours of preparation, and thewages seem high to those in the habit of employing" hands." It is also known that there are scores ofapplicants for every vacated position, and as there islittle discrimination as to teaching preparation, it isconfidently supposed that the same work may be donefor less, and so during fits of economy the cheaperlabor is introduced. I imagine that this college condition finds its parallel among the schools, and thatbecause of it the horde of incompetents succeeds in invading and devastating them. And still, I cannotseriously blame the trustees and boards, for I knowand highly esteem many of them. They are living upto their light, and in general do only what they honestly believe to be the best. Can one expect them toUNIVERSITY RECORD 91depart from all their previous training, the very training which has led to their appointment ? So long asthey are appointed as they are, one can expect nothingbetter. Can it be, then, that the very organization ofthe schools puts a premium upon incompetency inteachers who belong to the rank and file, and is responsible for the overproduction^ pedagogues ? I leavethis question for others to discuss, since my ownthought is traveling in another direction. The greatconservator of public education is the state, and to itbelongs any regulation that should be free from personal interest and general in its effect. It is in thepower of each state to stop the overproduction ofpedagogues, and to divert these misguided persons intomore adequate preparation or other pursuits. If anyprofession logically demands an educational qualification it would seem that the profession of teachingdemands it. I grant that the system of licenses isintended to be an educational test, and perhaps thereis no better way of applying it, absurd as its resultsoften are. The principle of such a qualification isestablished therefore ; but it must be acknowledgedthat its application is upon so low a plane that it isnot much of a barrier. The simplest remedy for overproduction is to make this barrier higher. How muchhigher, I do not pretend to say. Each state knows itsown conditions, and knows how high this barrier shouldbe placed to turn back the incompetents and still allowenough teachers to cross to supply the demand forthem. It is evident that there must be teachers tofill all the positions, and therefore no theoreticalstandard can be set. It is not entirely a question ofwhat should be, but what must be. Some of us,with particularly lofty views as to the qualifications ofteachers, would be inclined to set the standard so highthat a sufficient number could not be obtained. Forthis reason, I believe that the present standard wasprobably sufficient when first established ; but Ifurther believe that we have been making rapid progress in education, and that the time has come whenwe can afford to make it higher. Logically, it shouldbe made higher and higher as educational progress ismade, so that the standard of teaching might keeppace with other advancement. This step by step advance in demand for entrance into the teaching profession is no hardship, when the state itself providesa complete system of education from the primarygrades to the university. I know that certain professional schools of teaching have set their own highstandards, and they are to be commended for thecourage and public spirit which has prompted it, buttheir graduates should not be put into competitionwith those from schools that have no standards. School Record, Notes, and Plan. XXVII.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO SCHOOL.June 2, 1897.Hand Work. — In the shop the older pupils havemade a set of measures out of soft tin. These run insize from one to eight cubic inches in capacity and areto be used in the pupils' laboratory experiments inevaporation. The tin, after being measured and laidout, was shaped over blocks of wood of the desiredform and shape. The younger children have madecandlesticks, cake cutters, small bake tins and bathtubs. In addition to this the objects mentioned inthe last report have been completed.In the sewing room the small loom made in the shophas been set up and the children have wound thewarp from the skeins into sixty balls. From these ithas been set on the beam of the loom. The other material for weaving has been furnished by the childrenconsisting in a large part of old neckties which havebeen cut into strips and sewed together. This workhas been in the hands of the four older groups ; inconnection with this and the actual weaving that hasbeen done there have been lessons on materials, comparing different kinds, as linen, cotton, woolen, silkand hemp. Especial attention has been given to thesilk industry, some very good specimens have beenexamined representing all stages of the process of silkmanufacture. Various economic conditions related tothe industry and its spread from China to other countries have been studied. Especial interest has beenmanifested in the geography and history of China.Group IV has also been working on sleeve protectors,aprons, etc., for use in the kitchen. Groups I and IIhave worked on doll's clothing and bedding, includingpillows, pillow-cases, mattresses, blankets, etc. Somejelly bags being needed on Wednesday, Group VI inhalf an hour cut, made, and washed them.A visit to the Walker Museum at The Universitysupplemented the farm visit and the pupils havemodeled plows, also some of the simpler dishes. Theyhave attempted modeling and painting Greek vasesand lamps. Some models of the more common domestic animals have been reproduced. All of this workhas been quite successful. The plows seen at theMuseum as well as more modern ones have beendrawn and differences noted. Group VI has continued work, both on the blackboard and in sand, onthe continent of North America.History and Literature. — The work on silk has ledto much discussion and writing about China. Spartahas been studied, the laws of Lycurgus, the trainingof Spartan children, etc. Papers written on these92 UNIVERSITY RECORDsubjects have been carefully discussed by pupil andteacher and corrections noted.Science. — Groups I and II cooked a luncheon making cocoa, toast and strawberry jelly. Group I, afterdiscussing what parts of a plant bear buds and leaves,dug up in the vacant lot some underground stemswhich they called roots until they noted the budsupon them. They painted a cocoon of a cecropiamoth with better results in color than in form. Theresults of the same work in Group III were not asgood. Group II examined carefully the microscopeand learned something about the simple adjustments.Under the microscope they examined some cells of aleaf containing chlorophyll, also the cells of a leaf fromwhich the chlorophyll had been extracted by alcohol.They have also noted the manner of growth of corn,the roots above the ground acting as props to supportthe plant ; the twining of the morning-glory, the turning of the plants toward the light. Some lilies of thevalley were put in a carmine solution to illustratecapillary attraction. In order to prepare for this,tubes of different sizes were put in the solution showing that the smaller the tube the higher the liquidrose. Similar work has been done by Groups III andIV using also mercury and noting the convex surface.Filter paper and the wick of a lamp have been used toillustrate the same principle. Sections of wood werestudied with special reference to the size of the tubesand the greater height to which sap could rise inthe wood on account of the small tubes. Group Vexamined iron crystals and found that they hadchanged color and lost their crystalline form. In orderto explain this, they weighed and heated a smallquantity of copper sulphate finding that steam cameoff, and the substance changed to a white powder ; byweighing they found a loss of two-twenty-eighths.Water was added to copper sulphate and the resultingblue solution was put away to see if it would recrys-tallize. Group VI tested different rocks for limestoneand planted seeds on a piece of limestone to see ifthere was any acid in the roots of plants. Each pupilhas a special compartment in which to keep the materials of any experiments that may be in progress andalso the records which are regularly written duringand after an experiment. Group VI has been occupiedfor the most part this week in completing some experiments which had been left unfinished.Number Work. — It is very difficult to report adequately the work in number. Each line taken upinvolves something in at least the fundamental operations as in the study of the North American continentthe question of the coast line led naturally to the depth of the oceans. These were measured from reliefmaps in the Museum and the result shown in feet andfathoms. The weaving has involved much of measuring and estimating. The making of strawberry jellyhas brought out the number of pints, etc., in a bushelof strawberries, the cost of a bushel of strawberriesmade into jelly, the cost to the grocer, profit, etc.Besides this and similar work some of the tables ofmultiplication have been worked out and there hasbeen considerable practice in division.Reports from The Zoological Club*Origin of the Pronephric Duct in Selachians.There have been different opinions as to the originof the pronephric duct in Selachians. Acanthiasembryos were used in making a renewed study of thesubject. The Anlage of the pronephros consists ofsegmental outgrowths of the somatic layer of thesomites from the seventh to the twelfth segments.These are connected with the ectoderm at their outeredge. This fusion early disappears. The tip of thedistally growing duct was constantly fused with theectoderm. One case of paryokinesis between ectodermand duct was found. Growth also takes place throughout the length of the duct. Frontal sections showedsix pronephric tubules on the right side with aorticdiverticula between. Connected with the aorta therewere also found structures which may be interpretedas glomi.From the facts here given we conclude that earliestAnlage of the pronephros fuses temporarily with theectoderm and may possibly receive some few cellsfrom it. The first part of the duct proper seems toshare to some slight degree in the mesodermal originof the anterior region. So far as the duct developsdistally the connection of its tip with the ectoderm ismaintained. This fusion would be sufficient evidenceof a genetic relation for those who accept the principle of the teloblastic growth of organs. On theappearance of the paper by Rabl, the preparationswere again examined carefully but without findingany grounds for abandoning the view that there is agenetic connection between the duct and the ectodermin Selachians.Emily Ray Gregory.This paper was followed by Head Professor Whitman's paper " On the Evolution of the Wing-bars ofPigeons."* Meeting of May 19, 1897.UNIVERSITY RECORD 93Official Notices.The regular meetings of Boards and Faculties, tobe held Saturday, June 5, 1897, in the Faculty Room,Haskell Oriental Museum, are the following :10:00 a.m. — The Administrative Board of StudentOrganizations, Publications, and Exhibitions.11:30 a.m. — The University Senate.The lectures before Divisions II-VI of the SeniorColleges for the Spring Quarter are given by HeadProfessor Judson in the Lecture Room, Cobb Hall,Mondays, at 10:30 a.m.The Junior Division Lectures for the following weekare as follows :Junior I. Dean Capps, Tuesday, 10:30 a.m., D 8,Cobb, " The Work of the Junior Colleges in its relationto that of the Senior Colleges."Junior II, III, IV. Associate Professor Tufts,Tuesday, 10:30 a.m. Assembly Room, Haskell, "TheFunction of Philosophy in a Liberal Education : IV.The Relation of Philosophy to Literature and Art."Junior V. Assistant Professor Smith, Tuesday,10:30 a.m., B 9, Cobb, "The Inorganic Sciences."Registration for the Summer Quarter, June7-11,1897. — Students will register for the SummerQuarter with their respective deans as follows :The Divinity School, Dean Hulbert, June 8 and 9,11:30 a.m.The Graduate Schools (men), Dean Judson, June 7and 8, 12:00 m. and 3: 00-4: 00 p.m.The Graduate Schools (women), Dean Talbot, June7 and 8, 12:00 m. and 3:00-4:00 p.m.The Senior Colleges, Dean Judson, June 8 and 9,12:00 m. and June 8, 4:00-5:00 p.m.The Junior Colleges, Dean Capps, June 9 and 10,9: 30-10: 30 a.m., and 12: 00 m.-I: 00 p.m.Unclassified Students (men), Dean Capps, June 11,9:30-10:30 a.m., and 12:00 m.-1:00 p.m.Unclassified Students (women), Dean Talbot, June11, 9:30-10:30 a.m., and 12:00 m.-I: 00 p.m.The Summer Examinations for admission to theJunior Colleges will be held in Cobb Hall, Thursday,Friday, Saturday, and Monday, June 17, 18, 19, and 21.The University Examiner will furnish particularinformation on application. Reports for the Spring Quarter. — All instructors are requested to observe that all reports forcourses given during the Spring Quarter are due atthe Examiner's Office (or the Faculty Exchange) notlater than 12:00 m., Saturday, June 26. It is of theutmost importance that every course be reported fullyand promptly. Blanks will be furnished through theFaculty Exchange not later than June 19.The University Examiner.The Final Examination of Alice Edwards Prattfor the degree of Ph.D. will be held Friday, June 4, at9: 00 a.m., in Room C 7, and Tuesday, June 15, at 3:00p.m., in Room D 3, Cobb Hall. Principal Subject,"English." Secondary Subject, "History." Thesis"The Use of Color in the Verse of the EnglishRomantic Poets." Committee : Associate ProfessorMcClintock, Associate Professor Blackburn, HeadProfessor von Hoist, Professor Terry, Professor A. C.Miller, and all other resident members of the facultyin the departments immediately concerned.The Final Examination of Lauder William Jonesfor the degree of Ph.D. will be held on Monday,June 7, at 3: 00 p.m., in Room 20, Kent Hall. PrincipalSubject, " Chemistry." Secondary Subject, " Physics."Thesis, " The Action of the Acylhaloids on the Saltsof the Nitro Paraffines." Committee: Head ProfessorsNef and Michelson, Professor Iddings, and all membersof the faculty in the departments immediately concerned."Readings from Recent Books" are given by Assistant Professor Crow on Tuesdays, at 3:00 p.m., inD 2, Cobb. The books presented next Tuesday will beDowden : "Influence of the French Revolution on English Literature ; " Allen : " The Choir Invisible."The Romance Club will meet in B 13, Cobb Hall,Monday, June 7, at 4:00 p.m. Mr. P. O. Kern willread a paper on "L'Histoire contemporaine dans lesChansons de Be"ranger."At a meeting of the Botanical Club on Wednesday,June 9, at 4:00 p.m., Messrs. Schaffner and Caldwellwill present the results of cell studies in Hemerocallisand Chora.94 UNIVERSITY RECORDProgramme of the Summer Convocation.June 4, Friday.8: 00 p.m.June 10, Thursday.8 : 00 p.m. The Final Week.Junior College Finals. Judges, The Members ofthe Junior College Faculty. Kent Theater.The University Chorus Concert. "Elijah" (Mendelssohn). The chorus will be assisted by members of the Thomas Orchestra. Gymnasium.Senior College Finals. Judges, The Members ofthe Senior College Faculty. Kent Theater.June 18, Friday. Junior College Day.10: 00 a.m. Track Athletics. Marshall Field.Luncheon. Women's Quadrangle.Dramatic Exercises and Readings.Kent Theater.Ivy Exercises.Junior College Promenade.Graduate and Divinity Finals. Debate: "Resolved: That the Swiss plan of legislativereferendum, by petition, should be adopted byour several states."Kent TheaterJune ii, Friday.8: 00 p.m.12: 30 P.M.2: 00 P.M.4:00 P.M.9: 30 P.M.8: 00 p.m.Junk 19, Saturday,3:30 P.M. Graduating Class Reception to Members of theCollege Faculties. Women's Quadrangle.7:00 P.M. Graduating Class Class-Banquet.Hotel Windermere.June 20, Sunday.3:30 P.M.June 21, Monday.4:00 P.M.8:oo-Ii:oo P.M. Baccalaureate Prayer Service. Members of theFaculties and Candidates for Degrees are invitedto attend.Haskell Oriental Museum, — Faculty Room.Baccalaureate Services.Baccalaureate Address, The President.Vesper Address : Rev. John Henry Barrows, D.D.Kent Theater.Graduating Class Exercises. Kent Theater.Reception to the Graduating Students.President' s House.JuneJune 22, Tuesday.8: 30 a.m.11 : 00 a.m.3:00 P.M.7 : 00 p.m. Graduating Class Breakfast, given by Dean Bulk-ley.Raising of Flag. Ryerson Laboratory,Memorial Exercises. Graduate Quadrangle.Class Sing. Haskell Oriental Museum.22-23, Tuesday-Wednesday.Quarterly Examinations of the Spring Quarter.The Convocation Week.June 30, Wednesday. Alumni Day.9:00 a.m.-4:oop.m. Matriculation and Registration of Incoming Students.3:00 P.M. Class Re-unions.5 : 00 p.m. Annual Business Meetings of the AssociatedAlumni.Divinity Alumni.Haskell Oriental Museu m, — A ssembly Room .Graduate Alumni.Cobb Lecture Hall,— Lecture Room..Collegiate Alumni. Kent Theater. 7:00 P.M.July i, Thursday.8: 00 a.m.8: 30A.M.-12: 30 p.m.10: 30 A.M.12 : 00 m.: 00-5 : 00 p.m. Meeting of the University Congregation.Haskell Oriental Museum,— Faculty Room.Dinner of the University Congregation and of theAssociated Alumni.Haskell Oriental Museum, — Assembly Room.Founder's Day.The Graduate Matutinal.Matriculation and Registration of Incoming Students.Founder's Day Chapel Service. Kent Theater ¦..Presentation of Memorial Chair by the GraduatingClass.12 : 30 p.m. University Luncheon to the Associated Alumni.Cobb Lecture Hall,- — Chapel.3 : 00 p.m. The Nineteenth University Convocation.Hull Court.The Procession.Founder's Day Address: "The Church and TheUniversity," Bishop John H. Vincent, D.D.,Topeka, Kas.The Conferring of Degrees.The President's Quarterly Statement.8 : 00 p.m. Founder's Day Reception.July 2, Friday. Dedication of Hull Biological Laboratories.7 : 30 a.m. The Lectures and Recitations of the SummerQuarter begin.Inspection of The Yerkes Observatory, LakeGeneva, Wis.9 : 30 a.m. Conference of English Teachers of the North Central States,Cobb Lecture Hall, — Lecture Room.Conference of English Teachers. — Continued.Inspection of the Hull Biological Laboratories.Dinner to Visiting Biologists.Conference of English Teachers. — Continued.Address : ' ' The Psychology of Literature Teaching." Head Professor John Dewey.Cobb Lecture Hall, — Lecture Room.8:15 p.m. Formal Presentation and Acceptance of The HullBiological Laboratories.Dedicatory Address : Professor William H. Welch,Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore.9:00-11:00 p.m. Formal Opening of The Hull Biological Laboratories and Reception to Visiting Biologists.July 3, Saturday.7: 30 a.m. -6: 00 p.m. The usual daily Lectures and Recitations will beheld, morning and afternoon.9: 30 a.m. Biological Conferences in the various laboratories.9 : 30 a.m. Conference of English Teachers. — Concluded.10 : 30 a.m. The University Chapel- Assembly.Cobb Lecture Hall, — Lecture Room.July 4, Sunday, Convocation Sunday.8 : 30 A.M. Bible Classes. Admission only by ticket, to be .obtained previously of the instructor.Haskell Oriental Museum.11: 00 a.m. Religious and Patriotic Service. Songs andAddresses. Hull Court.4:00 P.M. Convocation Sermon. Rev. N. E. Wood, D.D.,Boston, Mass.Quarterly Report of the Secretary of the ChristianUnion. Kent Theater.7 : 00 p.m. Union Meeting of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A.Haskell Oriental Museum, — Assembly Room.July 5 Monday. A Holiday.: 00 A.M.-4 : 00 p.m.2: 00 P.M.: 00-5:00 p.m.6 : 00 p.m.7: 30 p.m.UNIVERSITY RECORD 95Competitors in the College Declamations.The following persons were selected by the Divisions of the Junior and Senior Colleges to competefor the prizes in declamation and oratory in theirrespective colleges :THE JUNIOR COLLEGES.*Division I. Ernest A. Scrogin." II. Marjorie Cooke." III. Charles H. Bean." IV. Ralph C. Manning." V. Erich Muenter." JI. Clara Welch.THE SENIOR COLLEGES :Division I. James E. Tuthill." II. Allan T. Burns." III. Ralph Janssen." IV. Harry F. Atwood." V. Charles Lederer." VI. Jennie Hall.Official Reports.During the week ending June 1, 1897, there hasbeen added to the Library of The University a totalnumber of 187 books from the following sources :Books added by purchase, 164 vols., distributed asfollows :Philosophy, 45 vols.; Pedagogy, 3 vols.; PoliticalEconomy, 14 vols.; Political Science, 2 vols.; History,1 vol.; Sociology, 5 vols.; Sociology (Divinity), 9 vols.;Comparative Religion, 5 vols.; Semitic, 2 vols.; NewTestament, 2 vols.; Latin, 1 vol.; Greek, 2 vols.; Latinand Greek, 13 vols.; English, 18 vols.; Mathematics,2 vols.; Botany, 2 vols.; Systematic Theology, 9 vols.;Morgan Park Academy, 29 vols.Books added by gift, 19 vols., distributed as follows:General Library, 13 vols.; Political Economy, 3 vols.;Sociology (Divinity), 1 vol.; Anthropology, 1 vol.;English, 1 vol.Books added by exchange for University publications, 4 vols., distributed as follows :Political Economy, 1 vol.; Comparative Religion,2 vols.; New Testament, 1 vol.The report of South Divinity House for the WinterQuarter 1897 is as follows :Organization. — Head of House, William E. Chalmers ; Acting Head of House, Ralph W. Hobbs ;Counselor, Dean Eri B. Hulbert ; House Committee:Chalmers, Hobbs, Clough, Vaughan, Elmer, Bateson,Patrick. Members. — Atchley, Anderson, Barker, Bateson,Briggs, Binder, Chalmers, Clough, Crawford, Davidson, Elmer, Finn, Gait, Hageman, Halbert, Holt,Hanley, Hobbs, Jenkins, Jones, Jackson, Kyle, Mal-lory, Mecum, Murray, McLean, Oeschger, Osgood,Patrick, Price, Schuh, David Smith, J. F. Smith,Slater, Stevens, Snow, Tuttle, Vaughan, Woods.Guest. — E. E. Chivers, D.D.Janitor. — Irving W. Miller.Religious.The regular meeting of the Y. W. C. A. will be heldin Haskell Museum, Thursday, June 10, at 10:30 a.m.The Union meeting of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C.A. will be held in Kent Theater, at 7:00 p.m., Sunday.The third series of Haskell Lectures is deliveredin Kent Theater on six successive Sunday afternoonsat four o'clock, beginning Sunday, May 16. They aregiven by Professorial Lecturer John Henry Barrows,D.D., of The University. His subject on Sunday,June 6, will be Religious Life in India; Difficultiesof the Hindu Mind in Relation to Christianity.Graduate Club.The annual election of the Graduate Club will occurSaturday evening, June 12, in Haskell Museum, ateight o'clock. A large attendance is desired.Current Events,A Smoke Talk was given by Professor F. B. Tar-bell of The University on "The Story of the ElginMarbles," Friday, May 28, at 8:00 p.m., before theQuadrangle Club.The Final Examination of Charles Truman Wyc-koff for the degree of Ph.D. was held Tuesday,June 3, at 2:30 p.m., in Room C 7, Cobb Hall. Principal Subject, "History." Secondary Subject, "Political Science." Thesis, " Feudal Relations betweenthe Crowns of England and Scotland under the Plan-tagenets."At the Botanical Club on Wednesday, June 2, MissM. L. Merriman presented a review of a paper byWalter T. Swingle on unclear and cell division in theSphacelariaceae.96 UNIVERSITY RECORDThe University Chorus.Mendelssohn's Elijah will be given at The University of Chicago, Thursday evening, June 10, in theGymnasium. An orchestra and soloists have alreadybeen engaged for the occasion. The soloists are MissHelen Buckley, Soprano; Mrs. Christine NielsonDreier, Contralto; Mr. George Ellsworth Holmes,Bass ; Mr. Glenn P. Hall, Tenor ; Mr. Wilhelm Mid-delschulte, Organist. Master William Stein will singthe part of the Youth, and the University Women'sGlee Club the Terzetto — " Lift Thine Eyes."Mr. Wardner Williams, Director of Music in TheUniversity, is the conductor. The University Choruswas organized in the autumn of 1892 by Mr. Williamswho has since been its leader.The Chorus has already rendered, among otherselections, the "Holy, Holy, Holy" from Gounod'sMass to St. Cecilia, the "Innammatus" from StabatMater; the "Night Song" by Rhienberger ; "Hewatching over Israel" from Elijah; the "SpringGreeting" by Gade, "At the Cloister Gate" by Grieg;"Gypsy Life" by Schumann and the "Hymn ofPraise " by Mendelssohn. While the chorus is intendedprimarily for University students, singers from thecity are also admitted to its ranks.It is the intention to give two concerts a year, onenear the holidays and the other at the close of the?,Spring Quarter. It is proposed to make these concertsof musical significance by employing the best soloiststo assist in rendering the works studied.THE CALENDAR.JUNE 4-12, 1897.Friday, June 4.Chapel- Assembly: Graduate Schools. — Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10:30 a.m.Lecture, Senior Division I. The President, President'sHouse, 5:00 p.m.Junior College Declamations for the Ferdinand PeckPrize, Kent Theater, 8 : 00 p.m.Announcement of successful candidates for Divinityand Graduate Debate.Saturday, June 5.Administrative Board of Student Organizations, Publications, and Exhibitions, 10:00 a.m.The University Senate, 11: 30 a.m.Base Ball, Chicago vs. Wisconsin, Marshall Field,10 : 00 a.m. Sunday, June 6.Vesper Service, 4:00 p.m. (see p. 95).Union Meeting of Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A., 7: 00 p.m.Monday, June 7.Registration for Summer Quarter begins 12: 00 m. (seep. 93).Chapel-Assembly: Junior Colleges.— Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10:30 a.m.Lecture, Senior Divisions II-VI. Dean Judson, Lecture Room, Cobb, 10: 30 a.m.Lecture, Junior Division VI. The President, FacultyRoom, Haskell, 1:30 p.m.Romance Club, 4:00 p.m., B 13, Cobb (see p. 93).Final examination of Lauder William Jones, Kent.20, 3: 00 p.m. (see p. 93).Tuesday, June 8.Chapel-Assembly: Senior Colleges.— Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10:30 a.m.Lecture, Junior Division I. Associate ProfessorCapps, D 8, Cobb, 10: 30 a.m.Lecture, Junior Divisions II, III, IV. Associate Professor Tufts, Assembly Room, Haskell, 10:30 a.m.Lecture, Junior Division V. Assistant ProfessorSmith, B 9, Cobb, 10:30 a.m.Readings from recent books, by Assistant ProfessorCrow, D 2, Cobb, 3:00 p.m. (see p. 93).University Chorus, Rehearsal, Kent Theater, 7:30 p.m.Wednesday, June 9.Divinity School Prayer Meeting, Haskell AssemblyRoom, 10:30 a.m.Botanical Club, Walker Museum, 4:00 p.m. (see p. 93).Thursday, June 10.Chapel-Assembly: Divinity School. — Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10:30 a.m.Young Women's Christian Association, HaskellAssembly Room, 10:30 a.m.University Chorus, Gymnasium, 7: 30 p.m. (see p. 96).Friday, June 11.Chapel-Assembly : Graduate Schools. — Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10: 30 a.m.Registration for Summer Quarter closes 1:00 p.m(see p. 93).Senior College National Prize Contest, Kent Theater,8:00 p.m.Saturday, June 12.Administrative Board of the University Press, 8:30 a.m.Faculty of the Junior Colleges, 10:00 a.m.The University Council, 11:30 a.m.Material for the UNIVERSITY KBCORD must be sent to the Kecorder by THURSDAY, 8:30 A.M., inorder to be published in the issue of the same week.