Gbe TUnivereits of CbicagoPrice $J«50 founded by john d. rockefeller Single CopiesPer Year 5 CentsUniversity RecordPUBLISHED BY AUTHORITYCHICAGOCbe Tllntveraftg ot Cbtcaoo preesVOL. II, NO. 9. PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY AT 3; 00 P.M. MAY 28, 1897,Entered in the post office Chicago. Illinois, as second-class matter.CONTENTS.I. Some Problems in Education. II. By Head Professor John M. Coulter 77-80II. The University Chorus 80III. School Record, Notes, and Plan, XXVI : The University of Chicago School 80-81IV. The Danish-Norwegian Theological SeminaryCommencement 81V. Official Actions 81VI. Official Notices 81-82VII. Official Reports : The Library 82VIII. The Botanical Club 82-83IX. Final Examinations in the Divinity School - - 83X. Religious 83XI. Current Events - 83-84XII. The Calendar 848ome Problems in Education.BY HEAD PROFESSOR JOHN M. COULTER.II. Science in Secondary Schools.My next problem is much more special, but it hasJong been a troublesome one, and has a certain logicalconnection with the one already considered. It is :2. Science in Secondary Schools. — Probably nosubject has been more discussed than this one, and itseems well-nigh threadbare. School-teachers and university teachers, in committees and conventions andaddresses and periodicals, have wrestled with thisproblem. The school-teachers knew their pupils andtheir facilities, but not too much about the subjects.The university teachers knew the subjects but verylittle about the pupils, and still less about the facili ties. It was hard for both to occupy the same standpoint, and both were inclined to be somewhat dogmatic, the university teacher, perhaps, a little themore so. School patrons with their demands havebeen a factor also. The result is what you see, andvery far from satisfactory, for neither universityteachers nor school-teachers, nor patrons can be saidto be satisfied. There seems to be well-nigh generalconsent to reduce the number of subjects masquerading under the name of science, to restrict them toa few fundamental ones, to increase as much as possible the time devoted to each one, and to insist uponthe laboratory as an essential adjunct. This is advancing very far in what we believe to be the rightdirection, but it is more an advance in opinion thanin practice. It does not become me to particularizeconcerning all the sciences, but I wish to make a fewsuggestions concerning that one with which I amidentified, and the principles stated may be capableof application to all the rest.Among the fundamental sciences botany finds aprominent place, as presenting material everywherepresent and easy to handle, as entering largely intoour daily lives, as peculiarly adapted to serve thevariety of purposes in view in a science study. As thescience has been revolutionized within a very fewyears and is still in a period of extreme revolution,the schools have found themselves strangely at variance with the universities, and are plainly and repeatedly told that their botany is an absurdity. Theseunpleasant statements are usually received with becoming meekness, as coming from those who are sup-78 UNIVERSITY RECORDposed to know, but have led either to nothing or tochaos. The ancient type of botanical teaching, linealdescendant of the time when botany was regarded asmore aesthetic than scientific, was to regard the floweras the only material worthy of examination, and thename of the plant which bore it as the ultimate factto be learned. All consideration of plant organs waslimited to their usefulness in helping to obtain sometrace of this all-important name, and botany becamea somewhat elaborate game of hide-and-seek. Interested publishers supplied the schools with "analytical keys" for chasing the elusive name; ingeniousteachers and others devised analytical blanks, in whichthe fleeting observations could be set down, and bywhich all impertinent observations could be suppressedand the observer turned into a counting machine ; herbariums began to be demanded, whose value wasmeasured by the names tagged to the specimens. Isit any wonder that botany came to be regarded as acollection of not especially attractive names ? Thereis no doubt but that such work found a ready interestin certain pupils, and that botanists have been bornout of just such conditions ; but the chief complaint isthat this is not botany. It holds about the samerelation to botany as does a collection of postagestamps to geography. The universities, after theyhad learned a little botany themselves, rose up andcondemned this masquerade, and the universities didwell ; but what did they seek to substitute for it ? Theschools were told that a laboratory must be equippedwith compound microscopes; that botany could beseen only by peering through a lens ; that all the plantgroups, from lowest to highest, especially the lowest,must be passed in review. It was urged that by thismethod alone could there be gained any proper conception of the plant kingdom. The schools, as manyas could command the specified equipment or believedin the advice, made the change. Young men and youngwomen fresh from university laboratories were calledupon to direct the work, and the schools waited to berevolutionized. It was of intense interest to me towatch the result, since my own voice was as loud asany in recommending the change, and it had the entireconsent of my judgment. Numerous new booksappeared, both text-books and laboratory guides, thefavorite legend being " for high schools and colleges "this time written by the college men, and, as the schoolteachers soon learned, from the college standpoint,which calculates upon time and equipment and areasonable amount of intellectual maturity. Theschools began the struggle and they have been struggling ever since. I have visited numerous high schoolsto inspect the work in botany, schools that contain the best possible facilities for this kind of work, and Iwish to give the result. Taking an excellent school asan example, I found it equipped with laboratories thatput to shame those of many colleges, and the work incharge of thoroughly trained special teachers, competent to get the best result possible. The plant kingdommust be presented in four or five months. The congested state of the schedule, however, a perfectly normal state in secondary schools, permitted but twoexercises each. week. Some thirty or forty exercises,therefore, of one or two hours, each, represented theactual time at command. It should be said thatthe instructors rebelled both at the time and thefield to be covered, but a Juggernaut system mustoverride all such protests, and results must bedemanded without any reference to conditions.The plant kingdom, therefore, was marshaled throughits representatives ; fleeting glimpses of unknown andunrecognizable things were obtained through themicroscope ; that most difficult art of interpretation,without which the microscope is but a delusion and asnare, could not be cultivated ; a rapid succession ofunrelated objects, becoming increasingly complex andhence more difficult of interpretation, was presentedin bewildering haste ; the brief lectures dealt with themost fundamental and philosophical truths of biology.At the completion of the course I conferred withseveral of the brighter pupils and sought to discovertheir knowledge of the plant kingdom. It was simplyconfusion. Undoubtedly, there are a few favoredschools where a more liberal management can showbetter results, but I believe that the result given aboveis the general one. Therefore, I am ready to confesscontrary to my former honest conviction and earnestcontention, that the universities made a blunder intheir advice. The old method was very narrow, andvery superficial, but it gave a certain kind of contactwith nature. The new method is broad and philosophical, but it withdraws pupils from contact withnature and makes botany a thing of the laboratorytable and the microscope. The latter needs time andsome maturity, as well as equipment, to develop. Thereis still another phase of botany, which is coming rapidly into prominence and which is reaching sufficientorganization to be utilized by the schools, which Ibelieve is destined to be the field cultivated by secondary schools. It has all the breadth and philosophy ofthe morphological work that is being attempted, anda much more rational contact with nature than theold method of so-called "analysis'1 brought. Whileit is often claimed that studies are merely tools, to bethrown aside when the result has been obtained, thereare certainly some subjects at least in which the con-UNIVERSITY RECORD 79tent as well as the discipline is to be considered. Itis very important, for example, that the pupil at sometime shall come into rational contact with the phenomena of life, as presented by plants or animals orboth, and this quite apart from the discipline suchstudy is adapted to afford. These phenomena entertoo much into the necessary experience of everyoneto be disregarded in schemes of education. It is sucha contact that the new botany brings. Plants are regarded as living things, performing a variety of operations, sensitively adapting themselves to varyingexternal conditions, associating themselves into communities of various kinds, occupying a definite place innature. This mass impression of plants as a whole,and of the conditions which determine their distribution and association, is the fitting introduction to moredetailed study. The main trouble with the morphologywork of our schools today and of many of our collegesas well, is that the structures observed cannot berelated properly. There is no background upon whichthe details can be projected. The substitution ofintelligent field-work, not collecting, for some of thelaboratory work, the introduction to plant societiesand the recognition of their peculiarities, the constantly deepening impression that plants are thingswhich work as well as exist, which perceive and having perceived respond, must certainly commend itselfas resulting in a worthy primary impression of theplant kingdom. It is not the superficial search for so-called flowering plants and their names ; it is not [themonotonous treadmill of morphological work andmicroscopical examination ; it is that which givessignificance to both, and introduces plants as living,sensitive, responsive organisms ; not scattered at haphazard, but organized into communities with all sortsof mutual relations, and giving significance to everylandscape ; not passive and helpless, but exceedinglyactive and able to take care of themselves ; not thingsto be used and admired merely, but also the great re-vealers of those fundamental laws of • biology whosestudy is to lead us eventually into the deepest recessesof knowledge. The principle involved is to lead to a correct impression of general truth by means of personalcontact, from which advance in any direction may bemade. The preparation for such teaching is not easy,but I have long since given up the impossible task ofdevising some method of teaching botany, or anythingelse, that can be used by teachers who know nothingof the subject. The teacher who knows nothing of hissubject is necessarily a failure, and it is perfect follyto try to prop him up. There is nothing for him butto stop the farce, and either learn something to teachor seek some other employment. It must be confessed that much of the trouble withscience in the secondary schools has come, not merelyfrom teachers who know no science, but often fromteachers trained in the universities who do not possessthe pedagogical instinct that compels them to adapttheir training to school and pupils. They seek toestablish a miniature college laboratory, a laboratorypeculiarly ill -adapted to school conditions. It seemsto be a hard lesson for university graduates to learn,who undertake to do secondary-school work, that asecondary school is not a college, and that it demandsits own peculiar kind of teaching. Slavish repetitionof college work in the secondary schools is necessarilya failure. The college supplies knowledge of the subject, and the general spirit which should pervade it,but it should never be taken as an exact model for thesecondary school.In this same connection I wish to speak incidentallyof " nature study." At first sight it may seem to havelittle to do with secondary schools and colleges, butfrom my point of view it is a subject of vital importance to the whole scheme of education. Althoughformally mentioned only in connection with the lowergrades, it underlies the possibility of future work, andits absence accounts for the strange inequality innumbers observed in the later years of training between those with scientific tastes and those withoutAny educational scheme which for years persistentlyexcludes any phase of work must expect a comparatively small response when it is finally offered.Under this somewhat comprehensive title of " naturestudy " there has entered the schools an element ofteaching so fresh and vivifying, that it has come as arevelation and will certainly work a revelation. Theaverage school curriculum, fairly riveted upon us bylong years of precedent, seemed to be established uponthe idea that education consists in the presentation ofsubjects totally unrelated to the experience of thepupil. This conception of education could only havebeen held before there was a science of educationfounded upon some knowledge of the mental processesof the child. Since such a science has come into existence, and has begun to accumulate its facts, we havelearned the absurdities of empiricism and of speculation in education, and have turned with hope toexperimental psychology. Our results are comparatively few, as yet, but they are sufficient to give ussome insight into the child's mind and to recognizethe warping and benumbing treatment it has been receiving. We are passing from the days of pills andpotions to the days of hygiene, and are seeking not torack the mind but to preserve its normal tone. Oneof the first visible mental tendencies in the child80 UNIVERSITY RECORDmind is the spirit of inquiry aroused by natural objects.The tendency is well known, but the natural keennessof observation in the normal child was a revelationeven to those who were suspecting it. By keenness, Imean rapidity and accuracy and completeness of observation. These normal children have been passing intothe schools ; their attention, under compulsion, hasbeen withdrawn from what were realities to them, tothe abstractions of language and numbers ; they wereasked to think, but not as a result of observation ; theconventional completely supplanted the real ; therewas thinking, but no independent thinking ; the finetentacles of observation which were born with themfinally became atrophied through disuse. When yearslater they are introduced to some observational sciencework there is a clumsiness of effort, a lack of spontaneity, an overwhelming sense of strangeness that ispitiful to see. Hundreds of such cases have I seen,and so completely has the school done its work thatonly here and there can a few be found whose oldnatural power can be in a measure restored. We havebeen taking a normal, healthy, powerful, God-givenimpulse of the human mind and have ruthlesslymaimed and crippled it. The result may not be soobvious as the maiming of feet practiced by Chinesewomen, but it belongs to the same category and isinfinitely more cruel. Into this condition of thingsnature study came, and it met the greatest need inthe education of children. It is difficult work, verydifficult work, and a blunderer may make a sorry showing, but so he will in anything that takes training andjudgment. It meets the child on the threshold ofschool as the one familiar face. It satisfies and keepsactive certain important powers to whose trained service he is entitled throughout life. It relates hisschool life and hence all his life to the great world ofnature about him, full as it is of wisdom, of pleasure,of comfort to those who can see. I cannot understandhow we ever were so educationally blind as to deliberately eradicate nature from the lives of children andto send them out into a world robbed of half itssignificance.The University Chorus.Mendelssohn's Elijah will be given at The University of Chicago, Thursday evening, June 10, in theGymnasium. An orchestra and soloists have alreadybeen engaged for the occasion. The soloists are MissHelen Buckley, Soprano; Mrs. Christine NielsonDreier, Contralto ; Mr. George Ellsworth Holmes,Bass ; Mr. Glenn P. Hall, Tenor ; Mr. Wilhelm Mid-delschulte, Organist. Master William Stein will sing the part of the Youth, and the University Womens'Glee Club the Terzetto — " Lift Thine Eyes."Mr. Wardner Williams, Director of Music in TheUniversity, is the conductor. The University Choruswas organized in the autumn of 1892 by Mr. Williamswho has since been its leader.The Chorus has already rendered, among otherselections, the "Holy, Holy, Holy" from Gounod'sMass to St. Cecilia, the " Inflammatus " from StabatMater ; the " Night Song " by Rhienberger ; " Hewatching over Israel" from Elijah; the "SpringGreeting" by Gade, "At the Cloister Gate" by Grieg;"Gypsy Life" by Schumann and the "Hymn ofPraise " by Mendelssohn. While the chorus is intendedprimarily for University students, singers from thecity are also admitted to its ranks.It is the intention to give two concerts a year, onenear the holidays and the other at the close of theSpring Quarter. It is proposed to make these concertsof musical significance by employing the best soloiststo assist in rendering the works studied.School Record, Notes, and Plan. XXVI.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO SCHOOL.May 26, 1897.Carpentry. — Group II has started to make boxesfor earthworms, the castings to be used in the studyof soils. Group III has made tables; Group IV, birdhouses ; Group V, a wind mill ; Group VI, a comb forloom, an incubator box for raising insects, swabs forcleaning test-tubes, boxes for tools, and a sun dial.Social Life and History. — Groups II and III havemodeled in clay objects of farm and home life and havewritten sentences describing what they have made.Group I has modeled simple objects and continuedthe French work by a simple fable. Group IV hasdrawn a Greek chariot. A chapter on Homer wasread and written about. The children take hold ofthe written work with much enthusiasm. They havealso studied the life of Spartan children. Group V isstill working on the Greek house in connection withselections from the Odyssey and have begun to modela Greek temple. Group VI has written up the chapteron Homer read several days ago. The results werevery good in most cases.Science. — The four older groups spent Mondaymorning at another quarry on Stony Island where theyobserved the dip, a dike, glacier markings, fossils, etc.During the week much work has been based on this,in drawing, modeling, writing of reports, study of specimens found and of better ones of the same kind com-UNIVERSITY RECORD 81ing from other sources. In Group III the study ofcoral found at Stony Island led some of the childrento inquire why some parts of the earth are warmerthan others which brought about a discussion ofclimate with globes to illustrate the relative positionsof the sun and earth, etc. Groups I, II, and III havestudied milk by making butter, cottage cheese, puttingacid in milk to curdle it, boiling and evaporating it.By these means they have noted the presence of fat,water, sugar, albumen, etc. Group VI has modeledthe continent of North America in sand showingmountains, etc.The Danish-Norwegian Theological SeminaryCommencement.In the Danish -Norwegian Theological Seminary atMorgan Park the school year closed May 12. Thiswas the thirteenth school year since the Seminarywas organized. Twenty-two have attended the Seminary during the year, six of them having matriculatedlast fall as new students. The work done this year atthe Seminary has been of the most encouraging character both from instructors as well as students. Besides the regular studies there is a literary society,serving as an important factor in the development ofthe practical abilities in the young men preparingthemselves for the ministry. Some of the brethrenhave preached on Sundays wherever opportunity hasmanifested itself. This year three young men graduated from the Seminary. Of these Mr. F. T. Holmintends to go as a missionary to Africa.The closing exercises were held in Walker Hall onthe evening of May 12. There were present a numberof friends from Chicago, and the commencementexercises passed off to the evident satisfaction of allpresent. It was a great encouragement that the Deanof the Divinity School, Head Professor Hulbert andthe Secretary, Dr. Hewitt, were present. Head Professor Hulbert spoke strongly and stimulatingly uponthe minister's high calling, and Dr. Hewitt emphasizedin encouraging words the necessity of using the vacation in such a way that the best results might beattained for the Kingdom of Christ. Short impressiveaddresses were also delivered by Rev. J. A. Ohm, pastorof the Scandinavian Pilgrim Church, and by Rev. C.Henningsen, Danish-Norwegian Missionary in Wisconsin. Professor H. Gundersen, the Dean of theSeminary, made a short speech to the graduates and,taking Christ's words in John 15 : 5, the truth wasemphasized, that the prime requisite to efficiency inmissionary work is earnest piety. At the close of theexercises the graduates received from Head Professor Hulbert their certificates of graduation from the Danish-Norwegian Theological Seminary, and he impressedearnestly upon each of them the importance of theircalling and their responsibility as ministers of Christ.After the closing exercises some refreshments wereserved, and the congregation departed having spentthe evening in an instructive and pleasant way.Morgan Park, 111. H. Gundersen, Dean.Official Actions.At a meeting of the Faculties of the GraduateSchools held May 22, it was voted that the requirementwith respect to placing the name of the departmentupon the title page of the Doctor's thesis be extendedso aB to include the Master's thesis also.At a meeting of the Faculties of the GraduateSchools held May 22, 1897, the following persons wereon recommendation received as candidates for thehigher degrees :Por the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy :Carl Evans Boyd. Principal Department, PoliticalScience ; secondary Department, History.Faith Benita Clark. Principal Department, Philosophy ; secondary Department, Psychology.Henry Ridgeway Fling. Principal Department,Zoology; secondary Department, Physiology. (Conditional.)Frank George Franklin. Principal Department,History ; secondary Department, Political Science.Simon J. McLean. Principal Department, PoliticalEconomy ; secondary Department, Political Science.Paul Monroe. Principal Department, Sociology;secondary Department, Political Science.John P. Munson. Principal Department, Zoology;secondary Department, Physiology.Arthur Kenyon Rogers. Principal Department,Philosophy ; secondary Department, New TestamentLiterature.Por the Decree of Master of Arts:Eugenia Winston. Principal Department, Greek ;secondary Department, Latin.Por the Degree of Master of Philosophy :Joseph Edmund Allen. Principal Department,Pedagogy ; secondary Department, Psychology.Official Notices.The lectures before Divisions II-VI of the SeniorColleges for the Spring Quarter are given by HeadProfessor Judson in the Lecture Room, Cobb Hall,Mondays, at 10:30 a.m.82 UNIVERSITY RECORDThe Junior Division Lectures for the following weekare as follows :Junior I. Professor Tarbell, Tuesday, 10:30 a.m.,D 8, Cobb, " The Study of Classical Archseology."Junior II, III, IV. Associate Professor Tufts,Tuesday, 10:30 a.m. Assembly Room, Haskell, "TheFunction of Philosophy in a Liberal Education : III." The Relation of Philosophy to the Historical andSocial Sciences."Junior V. Assistant Professor Smith, Tuesday,10:30 a.m., B 9, Cobb, "The Inorganic Sciences."" Readings from Recent Books" are given by Assistant Professor Crow on Tuesdays, at 3:00 p.m., inD 2, Cobb. The books presented next Tuesday will beJohn B. Tabb: "Lyrics;" R. W. Gilden : "For theCountry ; " J. C. Mangan : " His Selected Poems."The Final Examination of Alice Edwards Prattfor the degree of Ph.D. will be held Friday, June 4, at9: 00 a.m., in Room C 7, and Tuesday, June 15, at 3:00p.m., in Room D 3, Cobb Hall. Principal Subject,"English." Secondary Subject, "History." Thesis,"The Use of Color in the Verse of the EnglishRomantic Poets." Committee : Associate ProfessorMcClintock, Associate Professor Blackburn, HeadProfessor von Hoist, Professor Terry, Professor A. C.Miller, and all other resident members of the facultyin the departments immediately concerned.The Final Examination of James Fosdick Baldwinfor the degree of Ph.D. will be held Friday, June 4, at3:00 p.m., in Room C 7, Cobb Hall. Principal Subject, "History." Secondary Subject, "Political Science." Thesis, "Knight Service and the Scutage."Committee : Head Professor von Hoist, ProfessorTerry, Head Professors Judson and Laughlin, and allother resident members of the faculty in the departments immediately concerned.The Final Examination of Charles Truman Wyc-koff for the degree of Ph.D. will be held Saturday,June 5, at 9:00 a.m., in Room C 7, Cobb Hall. Principal Subject, "History." Secondary Subject, "Political Science." Thesis, " Feudal Relations betweenthe Crowns of England and Scotland under the Plan-tagenets." Committee : Head Professor von Hoist,Professor Terry, Head Professors Judson and Small,and all other resident members of the faculty in thedepartments immediately concerned. The Mathematical Club will meet in Room 35}Ryerson Physical Laboratory, Friday, May 28, at 4:00p.m. Paper by Associate Professor Maschke : "TheHistory and present state of the Theory of LinearSubstitution-groups."The Semitic Club will meet Tuesday, June 1, at7:30 p.m., in Haskell Oriental Museum. A paper willbe read by Mr. H. F. Mallory on the subject "An Introduction to Assyrian Letter-Literature."The Sociology Club will meet on Tuesday, June 1,at 8:00 p.m., in the Faculty Room, Haskell OrientalMuseum. Head Professor Small will speak on "Professor Hyslop's Contribution to Social Science."The Club of Political Science and History will meetin the Faculty Room, Haskell Oriental Museum, Wednesday, June 2, at 8: 00 p.m. Mr. F. G. Franklin willread a paper on " Questions Connected with EasternAsia."Official Reports.During the week ending May 25, 1897, there hasbeen added to the Library of The University a totalnumber of 134 books from the following sources :Books added by purchase, 92 vols., distributed asfollows :General Library, 6 vols.; Philosophy, 1 vol.; Pedagogy, 1 vol.; Political Economy, 3 vols.; Sociology,1 vol.; Comparative Philology, 5 vols.; Latin 1 vol.;English, 27 vols.; Homiletics, 2 vols.; SystematicTheology, 3 vols.; Morgan Park Academy, 42 vols.Books added by gift, 34 vols., distributed as follows :General Library, 32 vols.; Political Economy, 1 vol.;English, 1 vol.Books added by exchange for University Publications, 8 vols., distributed as follows :New Testament, 2 vols.; Homiletics, 4 vols.; Systematic Theology, 2 vols.The Botanical Club.At the Botanical Club on May 12, Mr. W. R. Smithpresented the review of a paper by W. J. V. Osteuhorton " The origin of the karyokinetic spindle in Equise-tum limosum" Dr. C. J. Chamberlain reviewed apaper by D. M. Mottier on " The nuclear division inpollen mother cells." These papers are the first twoof a series of cytological studies from the laboratoryof the Botanical Institute at Bonn. The other paperswill be reviewed at the following meetings of the club.UNIVERSITY RECORD 83Mottier and Osterhout found very similar occurrences.Before division fibers radiate from the nucleus, thesefibers soon converge into tufts, thus presenting amultipolar appearance. Eventually a bipolar spindleis formed. Centrosomes were not seen by eitherobserver.Final Examinations in the Divinity School.The times for the Final Examinations have beenchanged. The following is the schedule :In Systematic Theology, under Head ProfessorNorthrup and Associate Professors Foster and Henderson, on Tuesday, June 1, at 2:00 p.m., in 26 Haskell :R. M. Binder, L. Dykstra, J. A. Herrick, A. J. Marsh,W. G. Oram, B. R. Patrick, H. E. Purinton, R. R.Snow, and G. C. Wright.In Sociology, under Associate Professor Henderson,Tuesday, June 1, 3:00 p.m., in 36 Haskell : A. J. Marshand A. R. E. Wyant.In New Testament, under Head Professors Burtonand Hulbert, Tuesday, June 1, 9:00 a.m., in 28 Haskell :R. B. Davidson, J. A. Herrick, R. W. Hobbs, F. C. R.Jackson, B. R. Patrick, and H. E. Purinton.In Church History, under Head Professor Hulbertand Associate Professor Moncrief , Tuesday, June 1, at1:00 p.m., in 36 Haskell : L. Dykstra, W. E. Garrison,R. W. Hobbs, F. C. R. Jackson, C. H. Murray, W. G.Oram, R. R. Snow, A. R. E. Wyant, and G. C. Wright.In Old Testament, under Head Professor Harperand Associate Professors Harper and Price, Thursday,June 17, 11:00 a.m., in 21 Haskell : A. Barta (for A.M.)R. B. Davidson, E. J. Goodspeed, and T. A. Gessler.Religious.The regular meeting of the Y. W. C. A. will be heldin Haskell Museum, Thursday, June 3, at 10:30 a.m.The Union meeting of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C.A. will be held in Kent Theater, at 7:00 p.m., Sunday.The following members of the Divinity School compose the Divinity Council for the coming sixmonths :President, J. T. Crawford.Vice President, R. V. Meigs.Secretary, R. B. Davidson.Treasurer, David Phillips.Chairman of Social Committee, D. I. Coon.Chairman of Athletic Committee, J. G. Briggs.Chairman of Missionary Committee, E. W. Mecum.Chairman of Public Speaking, W. P. Osgood. The third series of Haskell Lectures is deliveredin Kent Theater on six successive Sunday afternoonsat four o'clock, beginning Sunday, May 16. They aregiven by Professorial Lecturer John Henry Barrows,D.D., of The University. His subject on Sunday, May30, will be Religious Life in India ; Studies and Per-sonal Observations of Philosophical Hinduism.Current Events.p A Smoke Talk was given by Associate ProfessorFrederick Starr of The University on his recent trip: to Mexico, Friday, May 21, at 8:00 p.m., before the, Quadrangle Club.Professor Samuel Dickey, Chairman of the National» Committee of the Prohibition Party, will speak on1 "Problems of Citizenship," in Kent Theater, TheUniversity of Chicago, Saturday evening, May 29,1 at 8 o'clock. His address will be worthy the attentionof all students, and will be specially adapted to auniversity audience. Students and the public generally are invited.The Final Examination of Samuel Jackson Holmesfor the degree of Ph.D. was held Thursday, May 20,at 3:00 p.m., in Kent Chemical Laboratory. PrincipalSubject, "Zoology." Secondary Subject, "Physiology." Title of Thesis, "The Early Development ofPlanorbis Trivolvis." Committee : Head Professors Whitman and Michelson, Assistant ProfessorsWheeler, Jordan and Watase\ Associate ProfessorLoeb and Dr. Lingle.The Final Examination of John P. Munson for thedegree of Ph.D. was held Thursday, May 20, at 10:00a.m., in Kent Chemical Laboratory. Principal Subject, "ZoOlogy." Secondary Subject, "Physiology."Thesis, " History and Morphology of the Ovarian Eggof the King Crab." Committee : Head ProfessorsWhitman and Michelson, Assistant ProfessorsWheeler, Jordan and Watase\ Associate ProfessorLoeb and Dr. Lingle.The Final Examination of Harry Ridgeway Flingfor the degree of Ph.D. was held Friday, May 21,at 10:00 a.m., in Kent Chemical Laboratory. Principal Subject, "Zoology." Secondary Subject, "Physiology." Committee : Head Professors Whitman andMichelson, Assistant Professors Wheeler, Jordan, andWatase*, Associate Professor Loeb and Dr. Lingle.84 UNIVERSITY RECORDI. W. Howerth addressed the Englewood division ofthe Bureau of Charities Saturday evening, May 15, onthe subject, " Friendly Visiting and Social Reform."At iae meeting of the Trustees of the Illinois StateHistorical Library held at Springfield, May 24, Professor Edmund J. James of The University was electedVice President of the Board." English Lyric Poetry, 1500-1700," edited with anIntroduction of fifty pages on the History of theEnglish Lyric by Dr. F. I. Carpenter of the EnglishDepartment has just been published in the WarwickLibrary.In the New York School Journal of May 22 appearsan article by Walter A. Payne, Secretary of theLecture-study Department of The University Extension Division, upon the subject of "University Extension." The article is confined largely to an expositionof the plan of University Extension as conducted byThe University of Chicago and to a summary of thework of the Division since the establishment of TheUniversity.THE CALENDAR.MAY 28— JUNE 6.1897.Friday, May 28.Chapel-Assembly : Graduate Schools. — Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10: 30 a.m.Junior College Council, 1:30 p.m.Prize speaking before Divisions of Junior and SeniorColleges, 4:00 p.m.Mathematical Club, Ryerson 35, 4:00 p.m. (see p. 82).Saturday, May 29.The University Council, 11:30 a.m.Sunday, May 30.Vesper Service, 4:00 p.m. (see p. 83).Union Meeting of Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A., 7:00 p.m.Monday, May 31.Decoration Day. — A Holiday.Tuesday, June 1.Chapel- Assembly : Senior Colleges.— Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10:30 a.m.Regular Exercises in the Divinity School suspended(except in Sociology).Material for the UNIVERSITY RECORD must beorder to be published in the issue of the same week. Final Examination in New Testament Interpretation28 Haskell, 9 : 00 a.m,; in Church History, 36 Haskell'1 :00 p.m.; in Systematic Theology, 26 Haskell, 2 :00p.m. in Sociology 36 Haskell, 3 :00 p.m.Lecture, Junior Division I. Professor Tarbell, D 8Cobb, 10:30 a.m.Lecture, Junior Divisions II, III, IV. Associate Professor Tufts, Assembly Room, Haskell, 10:30 a.m.Lecture, Junior Division V. Assistant ProfessorSmith, B 9, Cobb, 10:30 a.m.Readings from recent books, by Associate ProfessorCrow, D 2, Cobb, 3:00 p.m. (see p. 82).University Chorus, Rehearsal, Kent Theater, 7:30 p.m.Semitic Club, Haskell, 7: 30 p.m. (see p. 82).Sociology Club, Faculty Room, Haskell, 8 :00 p.m. (seep. 82).Wednesday, June 2.Divinity School Prayer Meeting, Haskell AssemblyRoom, 10:30 a.m.Botanical Club, Walker Museum, 4:00 p.m.Club of Political Science and History, Faculty RoomHaskell, 8 :00 p.m. (see p. 82).Thursday, June 3.Chapel-Assembly: Divinity School. — Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10:30 a.m.Young Women's Christian Association, HaskellAssembly Room, 10:30 a.m. (see p. 83).University Chorus, Rehearsal, Kent Theater, 7:30 p.mFriday, June 4.Chapel- Assembly: Graduate Schools. — Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10:30 a.m.Lecture, Senior Division I. The President, President'sHouse, 5: p.m.Final Examination of Alice Edwards Pratt, C 7, 9 :00a.m. (see p. 82).Final Examination of James F. Baldwin, C 7, 3 : 00p.m. (see p. 82).Junior College Declamations for the Ferdinand PeckPrize, Kent Theater, 8 : 00 p.m.Announcement of successful candidates for Divinityand Graduate Debate.Saturday, June 5.Final Examination of C. T. Wyckoff , C 7, 9 : 00 a.m.(see p. 82).Administrative Board of Student Organizations, Publications, and Exhibitions, 10:00 a.m.The University Senate, 11:30 a.m.Base Ball, Chicago vs. Wisconsin, Marshall Field10:00 a.m.sent to the Recorder by THURSDAY, 8:30 A.M., in