Price $1.50 Per Year Single Copies 5 CentsUniversity RecordCHICAGOGbe TUniversfts of Gbtcaflo prceaVOL II, NO. 3. PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY AT 3:00 P.M. APRIL 16, 1897.Entered in the post office Chicago, Illinois, as second-class matter.CONTENTS. terial environment of man, as is the case with physicalI. The Value of Latin in Preparatory Study. By science. In this study there are two sides: (1) theIsaac B. Burgess 21-23 study of the form of the language and (2) th« study ofII. Contribution to the Life History of Salix. By its content. The former consists of words, case endings,Charles J. Chamberlain - 23-24 verbal inflections, the grammatical rules which governIII. School Record, Notes, and Plan, XX : The Uni- ,. , . . . , , mu . .. . , . *versity of Chicago School 24-25 the relations of words, etc. The latter consists of RomanIV. Awards and Degrees 25-26 history, Roman life, Roman law or, more broadly, ofV. Official Actions , - 26-21 the emotions, thoughts, aspirations, which belongedVI. Official Notices 27-28 to Roman men. But these two sides of the study areVII. Official Reports: The Library 28 », itt •» .* ,v , ,, . *,Vlii. Religious .--- 28 inseparable. Words, if they are at all completelyix! The Calendar 28 known, carry us into history and life; e. g., the Roman= — - word for royally came to mean tyrannically just. n n because the last Roman king before he was expelledThe Value of Latin in Preparatory Study* , + , XT . B, - n ., .... ,."became a tyrant. No true and full idea of the historyby /saac b. burgess. an(j life of a people can be obtained except by anWhat is the Latin study referred to? In answering accurate knowledge of the grammatical forms of theirI shall not be guided by any distinctive views of my written language, and a misapprehension of theseown but by the practice of the best American teach- forms will lead to egregious blunders as to the truthers as expounded, for instance, in the Latin conference conveyed by them. There is much misapprehensionreport of the Committee of Ten. In brief, then, Latin on this point, as is indicated by such expressions asstudy of the day is constant practice in the use of this in the writings of a bright American: "CiceroLatin words, sentences, feelings and thoughts. Mem- the Latinist is dethroned and Cicero the statesmanory in it is a valuable but auxiliary faculty, and im- and moralist is exalted in his stead," — this in speak-provement in attainment, as in all work involving ing of the modern movement in classical teaching.practice and skill, must be gradual. A misunder- If Cicero the Latinist were dethroned, Cicero thestanding of the nature of Latin study as a course of moralist would be strangled in his bed. There can bepractice often leads to impatience and discourage- no good sermon without true exegesis. What suchment. writers mean is that in the past much useless gram-As with all language study, it is a study of man and mar has been learned, and that after the earlierhis expressions of himself and not a study of the ma- period of study more time may be given to the content~T7T^ , ,. j a.*,. w. * n *• * i-u » and less to tne *orm °* tne language, so far as these?Address delivered at the Winter Convocation of the Morgan , . & «& »Park Academy, January 4, 1897. can be separated.22 UNIVERSITY RECORDNow the study of the Roman language is probablyjust as valuable as the study of the Roman life andthought expressed by the language, but it calls intoexcercise different faculties and is appropriate at adifferent time. So simple a matter as the rules ofagreement in Latin give a training to the comparative faculty which experience shows is generallysadly needed.A boy after using an infinitive a good many times inthe Latin sentence " He persuaded them to go," willfinally learn to use a subjunctive. In other words, hegains mental alertness — a quality valuable alike inkeeping out of the way of a teacher's displeasure andthe track of an approaching train.The dative and ablative plural are always alike inLatin and the pupil must wait for the verb to decidebetween them ; in other words, he must learn cautionand patience.The verb pendere means to hang, pendere means toweigh ; f ugere means to flee, f ugare, to put to flight,and so on through many pairs of words which aresomewhat alike and yet different. The Latin scholarmust be accurate.The hour the pupil begins to study Latin that hourhe begins to see that thought may be expressed inmore than one way ; the verb does not come early inthe sentence as in English ; he may say " The book isto me," instead of " I have a book ; " " He had come,"three words in English, make but one word in Latin.He has known nothing but English before and thinksEnglish was spoken in the Garden of Eden. The factthat there is more than one form of thought is at firsta shock to him. But he gets used to it gradually and the result is an inevitable broadening ofmind.Again, the pupil comes in contact with the universal mind of man working out its ends in humanspeech, the most marvelous and cunning engine thatwe know. "Thinkest thou there were no poets tillDan Chaucer," says Carlyle, " no heart burning with.a thought that it could not hold and had no word for,and needed to shape and coin a word for. For everyword we have there was a man and poet. The coldestword was once a glowing metaphor. Thy very attention, does it not mean an attentio, ' a stretching to/Fancy that act of mind, which all were conscious of,which none had yet named when this new poet firstfelt bound and driven to name it." It is this mind ofhumanity, these primeval poets that the young studentconsorts with as he learns Latin words. It is just herethat the form of the language most touches its spiritand its life and just here, too, that the manifold service of the Latin to our English speech becomes most obvious, through our thousands of English derivativesin common use.A few words will suffice as to the value of thethought content of preparatory Latin literature. Itsvalue is more fully recognized than that of thelinguistic form study, to which I have just beengiving somewhat detailed attention. Leaving for alater page of this paper the consideration of the valueof this literature as a portrayal of national life, I shalltry to illustrate here its value as a portrayal of universal human sentiment and motive.In the third book of the JEneid, lines 264 to 343,Virgil describes the unexpected meeting, in hiswanderings, of iEneas with Andromache his countrywoman and former wife of the Trojan hero Hector.The skillful and tender poet has crowded these lineswith human feeling. We find love of home andcountry shown in the pathetic attempt to imitate theexternals of Troy. Andromache in an impassionedspeech expresses her wifely devotion, her grief for herlittle boy killed in the sack of Troy, her womanlydignity and modesty outraged by her rude captors.She avoids wounding her guest by dwelling on theloss of his wife, and sees, with a mother's regretfullonging, the image of her own lost boy in the littleAscanius whom she loads with presents as he is aboutto depart : " Take these, too, dear boy, to be a memorial of what my hands can do — a token for long yearsof the affection of Andromache, Hector's wife. Yes,take the last presents your kin can bestow, O! solesurviving image of my own Astyanax ! Those eyes arehis eyes, those hands are his hands, that face his face,and he would now be growing to manhood by yourside, in bloom like yours."Cicero, in the Archias, thus presents literature as asource of moral strength. " If I had not persuadedmyself from my youth, by wide reading and by theteachings of many, that nothing in life is earnestly tobe striven for, except good repute and honor, I nevershould have thought all tortures of the body of littleaccount, nor should I for your safety have exposedmyself to the daily assaults of desperate men. Butall the books, the sayings of wise men and antiquityare full of noble examples. I, setting these beforeme always in the management of the state, continually was moulding my feelings and my purposesby the mere thought of noble men."These passages represent a large body of upliftingsentiment in the preparatory Latin course.There are several advantages which Latin in ouracademies and high schools enjoys in a peculiardegree.(1) The full four years' course permits a gradualnessUNIVERSITY RECORD 23of development and a rational correlation possible infew departments and fortunate alike to the thoughtful teacher and the struggling student. The interestof the at first indifferent student has time to grow.(2) The authors of the preparatory course are ofthe very first rank. Cicero is the greatest Roman prosewriter — full of vivacity and variety, morally stimulating, and dealing with interesting historical material.Virgil, most popular of poets and most human — thefirst attraction for the Roman schoolboy, the saintand wizard of the Middle Ages is still drawing to himthe praises of the best.(3) Latin in its subject-matter has great traditionalstrength, not using that word "traditional" as theopposite of progressive, but in its broader and closersense of that which is handed down from the past.The Romans were a mighty nation. Beginning as afrontier community of daring, vigorous men theyswept within the ever widening circles of their powerLatium, Italy, Carthage, Greece, and, indeed, theworld at last. To genius for war, they added geniusfor government and law, and long after the Romaneagles had been swept down before the barbariansthe Roman ideals of government and law enthralledthe imagination and shaped the statecraft of thosesame barbarians. "While stands the Coliseum Romeshall stand " the gigantic embodiment of action andpower, qualities dear to strenuous youth everywhere.Well will it be if Young America, captivated by thesequalities, shall imbibe something, too, of the Romanideals of law and order.(4) Not only has Latin great strength from the tradition Of its subject-matter but also from its traditionas a subject of study. It is no small thing that Latinhas been studied by all civilized nations for centuriesand that some of the best minds of Christendom havebeen enlisted in solving the problems of Latin scholarship or of the methods of Latin teaching. Grantingthat these methods have been backward and sometimes reactionary, it yet remains true that there hasbeen about the study a priceless tradition of thoroughness, if not in accomplishment at least in purpose. It is no small thing that many a boy begins hisLatin conscious that he is beginning at just the pointwhere his father and his grandfather began thirty orsixty years before to prepare for a career of usefulness, perhaps encouraged too, by the words of hisfather or grandfather.It was once thought by many that the study ofLatin was kept in the schools only by being a college requirement, and, indeed, a prerequisite to college. In other words, that it was sustained onlyby an enormous subsidy. But Latin is no longer a prerequisite for college. Some colleges require none,some require only two years, or even less, of Latin.What is the effect of this permission to abandon thestudy of Latin ? Everywhere to strengthen the interestin Latin. From four-fifths to nine-tenths of our Morgan Park graduates take it for four years ; some whohave abandoned it for a time have returned to it atpersonal sacrifice, and the senior Latin has for threeyears been the largest senior class in school. Theprincipal of one of the largest high schools in Chicagovery lately told me that 75 per cent, of his graduatestook Latin for four years, with little reference towhether they were going to college or not. All overthe Northwest the interest in Latin is growing instrength. As for myself, I am increasingly thankfulthat I am teaching a dead language which shows somuch life.Contribution to the Life History of Salix.The following is an abstract of the results obtained byCharles J. Chamberlain as set forth in his theeis presented forthe degree of Doctor of Philosophy :Complete series in Salix Glaucophylla, S. petiolaris, S. cor-data, and S. tristis were studied, with less complete series inthirteen other species.1. Organogeny of the Floioer. Pistillate buds collected inAugust show the carpels outlined but no trace of ovules.October buds of S. glaucophylla and 8. cordata show thenucellus, but the integument as a rule does not appear untilspring. Staminate buds collected in Octobor show the stamenswell outlined. The nectaries in both staminate and pistillatebuds can be seen in October. A diligent search failed to revealthe slightest trace of rudimentary floral organs, which thosewho regard Salix as a roduced type might expect to find.2. Development of the Microspores. A comparison of autumn,winter and early spring buds shows that most stamens pass thewinter in the spore mother cell stage. The division into generative nucleus and tube nucleus takes place before the tapetumbreaks down. The generative nucleus soon organizes a part ofthe surrounding cytoplasm and becomes a fusiform cell. Nowall is formed betweon the nuclei. Populus monilifera differsin this respect, a definite wall separating the generative andvegetative cells. The cells of the tapetum are often binucleate.3. Origin of the Macrospore. The macrospore has its originin an hypodermal cell at the apex of the nucellus. Sometimesthere are two or three archesporial cells, but it is very seldomthat more than one develops. The primary tapetal cell usuallygives rise to a tier of three or four cells, but sometimes does notdivide. The macrospore mother cell usually cuts off one or twopotential macrospores, but sometimes germinates without cutting off any such cells. This variation is prevalent in the genus.4. Germination of the Macrospore. The first division of theprimary nucleus of the macrospore is transverse. In the secondand third divisions the spindles at the micropylar end are transverse, while the spindles at the antipodal end are longitudinal.After the first division, development proceeds with increasingrapidity until the female gametophyte has reached the fertilization period. Great difficulty was experienced in demonstrating the presence of antipodal cells, several hundred macro-spores, just before the fertilization period^, yielding only sixcases of undoubted antipodals. This might suggest that Casua-24 UNIVERSITY RECORDrina may have antipodals which are also evanescent and hardto find. The synergids frequently have a strongly developed" filiform apparatus," which gives them a beaked appearance.The egg apparatus breaks through the wall of the macrosporeand projects into the micropyle. In a few cases the synergidswere observed to persist until the embryo was almost in thecotyledon stage.5. The Pollen Tubes and Fertilization. The pollen tubeswere examined with great care in several species on account ofthe discovery of chalazogamy in several of the amentiferse, butin every case the pollen tube was observed to enter the micropyle. The beaks of the synergids open the micropyle and attractthe pollen tube. The generative nucleus was observed in thepollen tube and in the oosphere, but not in the act of fusion.The polar nuclei fuse to form the primary endosperm nucleusbefore the fusion of sex cells takes place. As soon as the pollentube enters the micropyle the primary endosperm nucleus beginsto enlarge, and its division usually precedes that of the oospore.In one case the embryo had almost reached the cotyledon stageand the primary endosperm nucleus had not yet divided.6. Development of the Embryo. The first division of theodsphere is always transverse and that of the embryo cell isalways longitudinal. The second division is usually longitudinal, but sometimes transverse, and the third divisionusually transverse, but sometimes longitudinal. The differentiation of dermatogen usually immediately follows the octantstage. The first pericline cutting off dermatogen appears in onequadrant as frequently as in another. Sometimes an octantwill make one or two other divisions before the dermatogen iscut off. The dermatogen of the root tip is contributed by theupper cell of the suspensor. The suspensor does not contributeanything to the periblem. Periblem and plerome cannot bedistinguished in early stages, as in Capsella. For a time, periblem and plerome grow from a common meristem, but towardthe close of intra seminal development they become differentiated even at the apex and grow from separate initials.7. Teratology. In addition to monosporangiate and ambi-sporangiate forms, which have been described by other observers, a strange sport of 8. petiolaris was found with micro-sporangia growing within the ovary. Sometimes the micro-sporangia were upon long stalks, sometimes upon placenta-likeoutgrowths of the carpel, and sometimes were embedded in thecarpel wall. One case showed two quadrilocular stamens withthe filaments united below, and the connective prolonged aboveinto a stigma. In the microsporangia borne inside the ovariesthe microspore development was sometimes normal, but was asoften feeble and abortive. In ovaries which contained micro-sporangia the ovules were sometimes perfectly orthotropous,and had the integument developed all around. The macrosporedevelopment was normal and embryos were not uncommon.Collections representing in some cases three flowering seasonsshow that a plant continues its particular sport year after year.These examples are interesting from a phylogenetic point of view,showing as they do that such important variations as a changefrom dioecism to monoecism or to the ambisporangiate condition may appear suddenly. Atavism has probably nothing to dowith the case.8. Salix and other Amentiferaz. Salix does not have theextensive archesporial tissue in the ovule described for severalamentiferse, but sometimes has two or three archesporial cells.The development of the macrospore agrees more nearly withBetula than with any other of the described amentiferse. Thereare no nucellar tracheids as in castanea and casuarina. Thedifficulty in finding antipodals in Salix suggests that the development of the macrospore in Casuarina should be reinvestigated. School Record, Notes, and Plan. XX.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO SCHOOL.April 13, 1897.With the opening of the Spring Quarter half adozen new children have been admitted to the school,and the groups have been re-arranged so that thereare now six instead of fi.YQ. In order to avoid confusion in keeping track of the work of the children, itwill be necessary to note that present Group VI corresponds to former Group V, and so on down until Group Iis reached, which includes the children recently admitted who have never been to school before.Constructive WorJc. — In the shop the children havebeen engaged, for the most part, in working on theequipment for the gymnasium, as the gymnastic workis now done in the large hall in the school buildinginstead of at The University. They have made wandsand racks for wands and for dumb-bells. In sewingthey have finished the bean bags and sewed stripstogether for curtains for the book shelves, and havebegun kitchen sleeves, aprons and holders for use incooking. In connection with the sewing, work is continued upon the material used, viz., cotton. Quicksketch maps of the United States, locating the placesin which cotton is grown, where it is manufactured,and the city of Chicago, with the chief lines of naturaltransportation between the three, have been drawn.The process of making the cotton floss has been discussed involving an account of the ways in which cotton is cultivated, plantation life, the old slave trade,and the history of important inventions, particularlythe cotton gin and the story of Whitney. They haveexamined the models of looms in the museum, andhave begun the discussion of the various ways in whichthe pattern is formed. In connection with the latterthey have studied the tapestries at the museum.History. — The younger groups, which had gonethrough the development of human habitations up tothe rude wooden house, have transferred their attention to the study of present life, with a view to preparing for the visiting of farms, and in order to connecmore closely with the work on germination, which isbeing done in science. The spring work, with the firstthree groups will consist in a study of the occupationsof farm life, and the interaction between this countrylife and what the children are familiar with in theirown city homes. Groups IV and VI are continuingthe study of Greek life with special reference to domestic conditions. Typical passages like the account of thehome of Alcinous in the Odyssey are read from Homer,and the typical structure of the Greek house drawnand discussed, with reference to the difference betweenUNIVERSITY RECORD 25it and the modern house, leading the children to infera different mode of life. Special attention for example, being given to the large courtyard, with referenceto. the industries carried on there, and the occupationof the women and slaves. Group V is engaged uponthe industrial life of primitive Greece, discussing particularly the nomadic pastoral existence and thereasons therefor. In connection with this they haveconstructed from paper and cloth, simple tents involving the development of a cone from the surface, andhave taken up for number work the method of measuring the surface of the circle, involving preceding workon mensuration of parallelograms and triangles.Science. — With the beginning of spring the childrenhave planted a variety of seed in different soils, andunder different conditions, in individual boxes, andalong with their other work, will carry on continuousobservation on growth. Special work outlined in lastquarter, has also been continued. After discoveringthe tubes by which the plants drew liquid food fromthe roots, work was begun on the getting of food fromthe soil. Various kinds of soil as loam, sand and gravel,have been dissolved in cold and warm water, and byWeighing before and after solution, the amount of sol-uable material in each determined. The solutionswere also elaborated and the resulting precipitatesexamined. After the children had recognized for themselves the salty taste, they were told that the majorityof such soluble compounds were salt. In order to fixtheir ideas of solution and precipitation, special workwas done with common salt, alum and copper sulphatewith reference to both dissolving and the formation ofcrystals. Some special study of crystals was also made.In order to fix the idea that the food of the plant drawnfrom the soil is in the form of soluble salts, one suchsalt existing in the earth, viz., ferrous chloride wasselected to be made by the children. This was donewith iron filings and hydro-chloric acid. As thechildren were both aroused and confused by theappearance of the bubbles, some thinking that airwas being given off, while others thought the acidwas boiling, it was found advisable to collect thehydrogen and do a little experimenting with it, comparing it with common air, with reference to its owncombustion, to its effect upon the burning of othermaterial, and its relative weight and specific gravity.This latter work was done in its entirety with the twoolder groups, and in part with the third and fourth.As more points were developed than at first had beenanticipated, the work will be carefully summed up withreference to the getting of food by the plant. As soonas this point is completed, work will be begun upon the various movements of plants, and thecauses for it. This work also has been outlinedby Head Professor Coulter of the Department ofBotany.Awards and Degrees.AWARDS MADE AT THE SPRING CONVOCATION,APRIL 1, 1897.A Scholarship for excellence in the Spring Examinations for admission to Helen Gardner, Hyde ParkHigh School, Chicago.Honorable Mention for excellence in Junior CollegeWork : Irene Ingalls Cleaves, Helen Kelchner Darrow,Jane Hall, Arthur Whipple Smith.Honorable Mention for Excellence in Senior CollegeWork : Emily Fogg, Mary Evelyn Lovejoy, WilliamRoss Morrow, Adda Frances Norton, Donald Shurt-leff Trumbull.DEGREES CONFERRED AT THE SPRING CONVOCATION,APRIL 1, 1897.The Degree of Bachelor of Arts upon : Harriet CoeAgerter, Burt Brown Barker, Frederick Ernest Beck-mann, Carolyn Louise Brown, Emily Fogg, JamesWeber Linn, Mary Evelyn Lovejoy, William RossMorrow, Donald Shurtleff Trumbull.The Degree of Bachelor of Philosophy upon :William Scott Bond, Vinnie Crandall, May FlorenceFrick, Anna May Godley, Merrill Pearl Griffith, ClaraMaria Hitchcock, Adda Frances Norton, Isaac SolomonRothschild, L. Brent Vaughan, William Otis Wilson.The Degree of Bachelor of Science upon: OswaldJames Arnold, Wallace Walter Atwood, Lillian Cha-pin, Carr Baker Neel, Joseph Norwood, Burton JesseSimpson, John Franklin Zimmerman, William English Walling.The Degree of Bachelor of Theology upon: EdwinStanton Stucker. Thesis: "How I Came to be aMinister of Jesus Christ."The Degree of Bachelor of Divinity upon : EdwinHoward Borden. Thesis : " Galilee in the Time ofChrist."The Degree of Master of Arts upon: Mabel Earle.Thesis: " The Versification of Lucretius."The Degree of Master of Philosophy upon: FaithBenita Clark. Thesis: " The Ethics of the Family inthe Graeco-Roman Period."The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy upon: CharlesJoseph Chamberlain. Thesis: "Contribution to theLife History of Salix." James Bert Garner. Thesis:26 UNIVERSITY RECORD"Condensations with Benzoin by Means of SodiumEthylate."The Degree of Bachelor of Arts, conferred by theold University of Chicago reenacted in the case ofFrank Humboldt Clark.The Degree of Bachelor of Divinity, conferred bythe Theological Union reenacted in the case of William Parker McKee.OFFICIAL ACTIONS.The following Plan for University Exhibitionsin Public Speaking has been adopted by the University governing bodies :I. For the Junior Colleges:The University will offer prizes to the members ofthe Junior Colleges for th e best declamations, in accordance with the following plan :1. A preliminary prize consisting of a college scholarship for any succeeding Quarter of residence yielding the tuition fee* for that Quarter, to be awardedeach Quarter to the successful candidate in each division, the award to be made upon the following basis :1) All candidates for the prizes in each Divisionwill appear on or before the 6th week of the Quarter before a committee consisting of a Divisionofficer, a member of the Faculty of the Department of English, and a member of the Facultiesappointed by the Dean. From these candidatesnot less than four nor more than five will beselected by this committee.2) The successful candidates will speak before thewhole Division during the 8th week of the Quarter, and from them one shall be chosen by the Division, the vote being taken by ballot. This voteshall be final unless appeal is taken to the originalcommittee, who shall have power to revise the decision. At this meeting of the Division, the DivisionCouncilor shall preside.2. The Ferdinand Peck prize of fifty dollars, to beawarded to the successful competitor among the representatives of the six Divisions.This contest shall be held in connection with the Junior College finals on the 10th Friday evening of theQuarter in the presence of the students of the JuniorColleges and the members of the Faculty of the JuniorColleges. The members of the Faculty of the JuniorColleges who may be present shall be judges. Thechairman of the Junior College Council shall preside.II. For the Senior Colleges:The University will offer prizes to the members ofthe Senior Colleges for the best orations or debatesin accordance with the following plan :1. A preliminary prize consisting of a college scholarship for any succeeding Quarter of residence in TheUniversity yielding the tuition fee* for that Quarter to* The tuition fee, designated in the Scholarship, is the ordinary fee for tuition ($35.00) and does not include thelibrary and incidental fees which amount to $5.00. be awarded each Quarter to the successful candidatein each Division, the award to be made upon thefollowing basis :1) All candidates for the prizes in each Division willappear on or before the 6th week of the Quarterbefore a committee consisting of a Division officer,a member of the Faculty of the Department ofEnglish and a member of the Faculties appointedby the Dean. From these candidates not less thanfour nor more five will be selected by the committee.2) The successful candidates will speak before thewhole Division during the eighth week of theQuarter, and from them one shall be chosen bythe Division, the vote being taken by ballot.This vote shall be final unless appeal is taken tothe original committee, who shall have power torevise the decision. At this meeting the chairman of the Division council shall preside.2. The final prize of fifty dollars to be awarded tothe successful competitor among the representatives ofthe six divisions.This contest shall be held in connection with theSenior College finals on the 11th Friday eveningof the Quarter in the presence of the students ofthe Senior Colleges and the members of theFaculty of the Senior Colleges. The members ofthe Faculty of the Senior Colleges who shall bepresent shall be judges. The chairman of theSenior College Council shall preside.During the Autumn and Spring Quarters orations shall be offered ; during the Summer andWinter Quarters the contests shall be in debating.A successful competitor in any of the final contests in the Junior and Senior Colleges will notbe permitted again to "compete in that particularcollege.Students in the Senior Colleges will be permitted to hand in briefs in debating in the contests between the Divinity and Graduate Schoolsin accordance with the plan for those contestsstated below.III. For the Divinity and Graduate Schools :The University will give prizes to persons who takepart in the Divinity and Graduate debate in accordance with the following plan :1. A preliminary prize consisting of a UniversityScholarship for any succeeding Quarter yielding thetuition fee* for that Quarter open to two studentsfrom the Graduate Schools and two students from theDivinity School, the award to be made upon the following basis :1) The subject to be discussed and the choice of contestants shall be made by the Councils of theDivinity and Graduate Schools.2) Each Council shall select a committee of three,and to this committee candidates for place ondebate will submit the briefs of the argumentswhich they propose, each brief to have, not theauthor's name, but an assumed name, and accompanied with a sealed envelope in which the realname shall be given. From these candidates eachcommittee will select two, to whom prizes wil]be given.UNIVERSITY RECORD 272. The Joseph Leiter prize of seventy -five dollarswhich shall be awarded by the judges to that one ofthe debaters who in their opinion has shown himselfmost capable.Five judges shall be selected, two by eachCouncil, and one by the joint Councils. In caseof a failure to select the fifth judge, he shall beappointed by the President of The University.The debate will be held on the last Fridayevening in each Quarter. Each contestant isgiven not more than fifteen minutes in all, thistime to be occupied either at different periods inthe debate or at any one period as he pleases.Students of the Senior Colleges will be permitted to hand in briefs in accordance with theplan stated above, and, if such briefs are acceptedby the judges, shall be given a place in the debate.The Schedule of dates for events in connection withthe Oratorical Contests in The University for theSpring Quarter is as follows :1. Friday, April 16.— The Councils of the Divinityand Graduate Schools announce the subject fordebate, the sides chosen and the committeesappointed to decide upon the prize briefs.2. Friday, May 14, 4:00 p. m.— The Committees meetto hear candidates in Divisions of Junior and Senior Colleges.3. Friday, May 21.— Briefs for the Divinity and Graduate debate must be handed in to the Chairmen, of the respective Councils.4. Friday, May 28, 4:00 p. m.— The Divisions of theJunior and Senior Colleges meet to hear the contestants for the preliminary prizes in their respective Colleges.5. Friday, June 4.— Announcement is made of thefour successful candidates for the Divinity andGraduate debate.6. Friday, June 4.— Junior College Declamation Contest for the Ferdinand Peck Prize.7. Friday, June 11.— Senior College Oratorical Contest for the final Prize.8. Friday, June 18.— Divinity and Graduate Debatefor the Joseph Leiter Prize.Official Notices.The regular meetings of Boards and Faculties, tobe held Saturday, April 17, 1897, in the Faculty Room,Haskell Oriental Museum, are the following :8:30 a.m.— The Administrative Board of the University Affiliations.10:00 a.m.— The Faculty of Senior Colleges.11:30 a.m.— The Faculty of the Divinity School. The Office Hours of the Deans during theSpring Quarter will be as follows :For the Divinity School : Dean Hulbert, H 15.11:30-12:30, Tuesday-Friday.For the Graduate Schools and Senior Colleges (men):Dean Judson, C A 9. 12: 00-1 : 00, Tuesday-Friday.For the Graduate Schools and unclassified students(women): Dean Talbot, C A 4. 12:00-1:00, Mon-Fri.For the Colleges (women): Dean Bulkley, C A 4.2:00-3:00, Monday-Friday.For the Junior Colleges and unclassified students(men): Dean Capps, C A 4. 9:30-11:00, Monday-Friday.The lectures before Divisions II- VI of the SeniorColleges for the Spring Quarter will be given byHead Professor Judson in the Lecture Room, CobbHall, beginning Monday, April 12, at 10:30 a.m.The Junior Division Lectures for the following weekare as follows :Junior I. Assistant Professor Reynolds, Tuesday,10:30 a.m., D 8, Cobb, " The Study of Literature."Junior II-III Head Professor Laughlin, Tuesday10:30 a.m., Lecture Room, Cobb, "Development andInfluence of Political Economy."Junior IV. Head Professor Small, Tuesday, 10:30a.m. Assembly Room, Haskell, "The Tasks of Sociology."Junior V. Head Professor Whitman, Tuesday,10:30 a.m., B 9, Cobb, "The Organic Sciences."Junior VI. President Harper, Wednesday, 10:30a.m., Faculty Room, Haskell, "Introductory Topics."The officers of the Young Women's Christian Association recently elected are as follows :President, Ethel Miller.Vice-Pesident, Charlotte Teller.Recording Secretary, Bertha Lingle.Treasurer, Lucy Johnstone.Corresponding Secretary, Blanche Lenington.The President is in C 9 Cobb daily from 12-2 toanswer questions about the association. It is desiredthat this room in Cobb Hall be made a reading roomfor the members of the association. The next meeting will be held in Haskell Assembly room on Thursday at 10:30 a. m. All are specially invited."Readings from Recent Books " are given by Assistant Professor Crow on Tuesdays, at 3:00 p.m., inD 2, Cobb. The book presented next Tuesday will beOlive Schreiner's " Trooper Peter Halket of Mashonaland."28 UNIVERSITY RECORDThe Mathematical Club will meet in Room 35,Ryerson Physical Laboratory, Friday, April 16, at 4:30p.m. Dr. J. H. Boyd : " Concerning a special class oflinear differential equations."The Semitic Club will meet Tuesday, April 20, at7: 30 p.m., in Haskell Oriental Museum. Biographicalsketches of noted Semitic scholars will be presented.The Sociology Club will meet on Tuesday, April 20,at 7:30 p.m., in the Faculty Room, Haskell OrientalMuseum. Dr. Philip Ayres, Head of the Bureau ofAssociated Charities in this city, will address themeeting.The English Club will meet in B 8, Cobb LectureHall, Tuesday, April 20, at 8:00 p.m. Paper by Assistant Professor M. F. Crow on " An ElizabethanBanquet: a study in the Spirit of the Renaissance."The Pedagogical Club will meet Thursday, April22, at 8:00 p.m., in the Lecture Room, Cobb Hall.Superintendent W. H. Hatch of Oak Park will speakon "Some Problems that a Superintendent mustmeet."Official Reports.During the week ending April 13, 1897, there hasbeen added to the Library of The University a totalnumber of 100 books from the following sources :Books added by purchase, 13 vols., distributed asfollows :Political Economy, 1 vol.; Comparative Religion 1vol.; Semitic, 1 vol.; New Testament, 2 vols.; Greek,2 vols.; Latin and Greek, 1 vol.; Geology, 1 vol.;Church History, 3 vols.; Homiletics, 1 vol.;Books added by gift, 85 vols., distributed as follows:General Library, 35 vols.; Political Economy, 2 vols.;Political Science, 19 vols.; Sociology (Divinity) 23 vols.;Latin, 1 vol., English, 1 vol.; Mathematics, 1 vol.;Chemistry, 2 vols.; Geology, 1 vol.Books added by exchange for University publications, 2 vols., assigned to Geology.Religious.At the Vesper Service, Sunday, April 18, at 4: 00 p.m.,Head Professor John M. Coulter will speak on " TheBible and Nature."The Union meeting of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C.A. will be held in Haskell Oriental Museum, at 7:00p.m., Sunday. All are invited to attend.Material for the UMIVUBSITY EICOBD must Taorder to be published in the issue of the same week. THE CALENDAR.APRIL 16-24, 1897.Friday, April 16.Mathematical Club, R 35, 4:30 p.m. (see p. 28).Lecture, Senior Division I. The President, FacultyRoom, Haskell, 5:00 p.m.Oratorical Contest : Announcement of Subject forDebate, etc. (see p. 27).Saturday, April 17.Administrative Board of Affiliations, 8:30 a.m.Faculty of the Senior Colleges, 10:00 a.m.Faculty of the Divinity School, 11: 30 a.m.Sunday, April 18.Vesper Service, 4:00 p.m. (see p. 28).Union Meeting of Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A., 7:00 p.mMonday, April 19.Chapel-Assembly : Junior Colleges. — Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10:30 a.m.Lecture, Senior Divisions II- VI. Dean Judson, Lecture Room, Cobb, 10:30 a.m.Tuesday, April 20.Chapel-Assembly : Senior Colleges. — Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10:30 a.m.Lecture, Junior Division I. Assistant ProfessorReynolds, D 8, Cobb, 10: 30 a.m.Lecture, Junior Divisions II-III. Head ProfessorLaughlin, Lecture Room, Cobb, 10:30 a.m.Lecture, Junior Division IV. Head Professor Small,Assembly Room, Haskell, 10:30 a.m.Lecture, Junior Division V. Head Professor Whitman, B 9, Cobb, 10:30 a.m.Readings from recent books by Assistant ProfessorCrow, D 2, Cobb, 3: 00 p.m. (see p. 27).University Chorus, Rehearsal, Kent Theater, 7:15 p.mSemitic Club, Haskell, 7:30 p.m. (see p. 28).Sociology Club, Faculty Room, Haskell, 7: 80 p.m. (seep. 28).English Club, Cobb, B 8, 8:00 p.m. (see p. 28).Wednesday, April 21.Lecture, Junior Division VI. The President, FacultyRoom, Haskell, 10:30 a.m.Thursday, April 22.Chapel-Assembly: Divinity School. — Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10:30 a.m.Young Women's Christian Association, HaskellAssembly Room, 10:30 a.m.Pedagogical Club, Cobb Lecture Room, 8:00 p.m. (seep. 28).Friday, April 23.Chapel-Assembly : Graduate Schools.— Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10:30 a.m.Lecture, Senior Division I. The President, FacultyRoom, Haskell, 5:00 p.m.Saturday, April 24.Administrative Board of Libraries, Laboratories, andMuseums, 8:30 a.m.Faculty of the Graduate Schools, 10:00 a.m.sent to the Recorder by THURSDAY, 8:30 A.M., in