Price $J*50 Per Year Single Copies 5 CentsUniversity RecordCHICAGOZhc TUnfvetsttg of Cbica^o pressVOL I., NO. 21. PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY AT 3 P.M. AUGUST 21, 1896.I. Educational -Religious Work in French Universities.II. Official Actions, Notices, and Reports CONTENTS*321-323323HI. The University 324-326Instruction; Religious;Libraries, Laboratories, and Museums. Literary:" Habit and Adaption as related toPedagogy," by Chauncey P. Col-grove."An Experimental Determination ofVerdet's Constant," by Iabelle Stone.IV. Current EventsV. The Calendar 327328Entered in the postoffice Chicago, Illinois, as second-class matter.3BtrucatfottaLReligious Work in French Universities.The World's Student Christian Federation is making inquiries in respect to organized efforts of theProtestant churches in various lands. A recent letterto the Chaplain of The University of Chicago fromPastor Jean Monnier of Paris contains informationabout French movements which may be of specialinterest in view of recent invitations of Frenchauthorities to American students.The statistics of professors and students are fromofficial sources, but the data about religious life weresecured by correspondence.In Paris, in the regular "Faculties" there were in1894-5, 12,325 students: 5144 of medicine (75 prof essors),law 3248 (34 professors), letters 1584 (47 professors),science 581 (39 professors), pharmacy 1706 (20 professors), Protestant theology 59 (9 professors). In thepolytechnic course 225, arts and manufactures 725,school of fine arts 1400, higher normal 126, higherphilological and historical 240, political sciences 450,Mines 110, Catholic theology 700. The Lyc£es have many other students in rhetoric,philosophy, mathematics, etc. It is estimated thatthere are in all about 20,000 students in Paris. PastorMonnier believes that there are about 400 FrenchProtestant students in Paris in higher studies, besidessome from Germany, Holland, Scandinavia, and England. The number from America, especially in art,, isconstantly increasing, and the new movement to openthe university to foreign students will have its influence.In order to bring together the Protestant young peoplethere was founded in 1892 the Cercle des EtudiantsProtestants de Paris. Its active members unite onthe same basis as those of the Y. M. C. A. It hasabout 150 members, of whom 45 are "active." Itoccupies the first story of a spacious old house of theLatin Quarter, opposite the Luxembourg (46, rue deVaugirard). It has a useful library, a hall for conversation and a room for work. It provides gratuitousreviews by older students in various departments of322 UNIVERSITY RECORDstudy for the benefit of younger students. There areregular conferences, sometimes religious in character.There is a debating society in which the Englishlanguage is used. A prayer meeting is held eachweek. The active members are busy with Christianwork, Sunday schools, visits, popular evening meetings,circles of workingmen, " patronage," etc. The ChristianUnion of Young Men (Y. M. C. A.) which has its homein a central building, 14, rue de Trerise, has somestudents among its members, but experience showsthat students prefer to associate themselves in specialstudents' Christian associations.The Catholic circle is very important. It has 1500members and is housed in the "H6tel Perryre" whichhas about 70 rooms. It has a great influence on itsmembers and tends to retain them under the influenceof the Catholic faith and of moral principles. Thereare some other associations of Catholic students,notably that directed by Pere de Tallic (rue de Sevres),divided into three groups (letters, medicine, law), andtheir religious influence is certainly remarkable.The general association of students is on an international basis and is absolutely neutral in religion.There are no religious or moral conditions of membership. The members are divided according to theirstudies. Each section has its committee and its library.It is necessary that the Protestant students in Parishave, not only some rooms in a house, but an edificewhere they can be truly at home and one suitable fortheir various needs. A gymnasium is required, arestaurant, some apartments, and better arrangementsfor work. May God put it into the heart of some benefactor to come to their aid. There is not in all theworld a university like that of Paris. A great workshould be done there.Outside of Paris there is no special Protestant workfor students. In most cities where there is a Facultythere is a general association analogous to that atParis, but it vegetates without great results, andtakes no more care of the moral life of students thandoes that in Paris. Generally there is a Catholic circleto retain the young people in the faith and in goodmorals. These enterprises have everywhere a seriouscharacter and are fairly substantial. They are indeedaccused of a certain formalism and externality ofaction ; but this is in a way beneficial.The dangers which attend student life in our principal cities are those which wait on all who have ratherlukewarm religious convictions and who live where theintellectual and social currents do not lift men .abovethemselves.Lyons, Lille, Bordeaux, Montpellier, and Toulouse,have many marks in common, and they have the greater universities of the provinces. Lyons, the second cityof France, has the character of a capital. The cityhas made great sacrifices to erect the beautiful buildings which furnish the home for the university.There were at Lyons in 1894-5, 2174 students: Inlaw 338 (17 professors), letters 276 (26 professors),science 149 (20 professors), medicine and pharmacy1431 (50 professors). The number of Protestantstudents is not known. A very small number areinscribed as members of the Christian Union. Apastor of the Reformed Church, M. F. Mathieu-Teisse',has organized a mixed circle of students and working-men, with about a dozen Protestants and someCatholics. Perhaps there are 50 to 100 Protestantstudents in all. The general association there isserious and important. There is a Catholic university,and residences are provided for those who belong tothe society " Oeuvre de Jeanne d'Arc," and about 20-25 persons are accommodated in each house. I havemyself lodged in one of these houses and found itclean and comfortable. It is under the direction of apriest.At Bordeaux there are 2100 students ; medicine andpharmacy 1172 (43 professors), law 550 (16 professors),letters 236 (21 professors), science 142 (16 professors).Nothing special is done for Protestant students. AChristian professor of the faculty of science, M.Devaux, interests himself in some young people, but Ihave no precise information about the religious life.At Lille there are 1238 students ; law 293 (15 professors), letters 279 (18 professors), science 121 (14 professors), medicine 545 (33 professors). The edifices arefine and capacious, and there is a Catholic university.The Catholic students reside in " Maisons de f amille,"in each of which there are rooms for 25 students.There are only four or five Protestant students, andthey are not organized.At Montpellier there are 1646 students; law 365(16 professors), letters 128 (15 professors), science 77(12 professors), medicine 696 (38 professors), pharmacy380 (8 professors). There are few Protestants. Threeor four belong to the Christian Union.At Toulouse there are 1896 students; law 876 (18professors), letters 197 (16 professors), science 90 (19professors), medicine and pharmacy 738 (25 professors).There is no report of Protestant students. There maybe twelve in all. M. Lengereau, the pastor, is ready totake the work in hand. At Toulouse. is the Protestantfaculty of theology with 59 students (8 professors).There is a second group of universities, Nancy,Poitiers, Rennes, Caen, Grenoble, Dijon, Aix, Alger,Clermont, Besangon. Perhaps there is less power ofinitiative in these institutions.UNIVERSITY RECORD 323At Nancy, 859 students; law 258 (15 professors), letters 92 (13 professors), science 128 (17 professors), medicine and pharmacy 381 (40 professors).Twenty Protestants are known, but they are notassociated.At Poitiers there are 732 students ; law 524 (15 professors), letters 60 (10 professors), science 48 (9 professors), medicine 80 (15 professors). There are threeProtestant students, not organized.Rennes has 745 students ; law 437 (16 professors),letters 73 (10 professors), science 57 (11 professors),medicine 178 (18 professors). Three Protestants areknown. There is a well-conducted Catholic circle, anda prosperous general association.At Caen there are 536 students ; law 298 (14 professors), letters 38 (10 professors), science 112 (11professors), medicine 89 (18 professors). Twelve Protestant students are known. Attempts to unite themin a Christian Union have been unsuccessful. Thevery devoted pastor, M. Bourgeon, visits Protestantstudents and invites them to his home. There is aCatholic circle and a general association.Grenoble, 497 students; law 236 (14 professors),letters 105 (10 professors), science 61 (10 professors),medicine 95 (18 professors). No Protestant studentsknown.Dijon has 441 students; law 261 (16 professors),letters 36 (9 professors), science 56 (11 professors),vmedicine 88 (17 prof essors). Only one Protestant studentis known. There is a Catholic circle and a generalassociation.Aix has 696 students; law 324 (12 prof essors), letters39 (10 professors), science 67 (16 professors), medicine266 (28 professors). Four Protestant students areknown. There is a Catholic circle and a generalassociation. Nothing was learned from Marseilles.Alger, 463 students ; law 208 (11 professors), lettersGeneral University Meetings.Instead of the usual monthly meetings of the severalschools there will be held during the Summer Quarter-General University Meetings of all Divisions of TheUniversity, once a week. The next meeting will be onWednesday, August 26, at 1:30 p.m., in Chapel, CobbLecture Hall.Address by Professor Edward Alsworth Ross,of Leland Stanford Jr. University on "Cultureand Caste." 27 (7 professors), science 28 (9 professors), medicine200 (17 professors). Six Protestant students areknown, three attached to the Christian Union. Thereis a general association.At Clermont-Ferrand, 172 students, one Protestant.No general and no Catholic association.Besangon has 220 students, six are Protestants, butthere is no Christian Union. There is a Catholiccircle and a general association.In some smaller cities there are preparatory medicalschools, as at Angers, with 125 students (18 professors);three Protestants, a Catholic circle and a Catholicuniversity. At Nantes, there are 246 students (25professors), one Protestant. At Rouen, 141 students(18 professors); four Protestant students in a ChristianUnion. At Amiens 92 students (18 professors), noProtestant; at Rheims 66 students (16 professors), noProtestant ; at Limoges 120 students (21 professors),no Protestant ; at Tours 76 students (16 professors),no Protestant.Pastor Monnier adds the following observations:1) Work among students in France has not beenseriously undertaken by the Protestant churches.Even at Paris, when it has been carried on four yearsit has not taken deep root. 2) The young Protestantpeople are not well-informed in respect to higherstudies. Many of the most intelligent among themmight come into the society of distinguished persons,if they were aided to rise. They remain workingmenemployed in small offices. 3) The utility of an international federation of Christian students is veryevident. It would encourage the small companies,popularize good methods of Christian work, andestablish among the Christian students of the entireworld that solidarity which makes progress moresure and rapid. Blessings which come to a few arediffused among all.Office Hours of the Deans.SUMMER QUARTER.For Graduate Students in the School of Arts andLiterature: Dean Judson, Cobb Hall, Boom 9 A.11:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m., Tuesday-Friday.For Graduate Students in the Ogden (Graduate)School of Science: Dean Jordan, Kent PhysicalLaboratory. 10:30 a.m., Monday-Friday.For men in the Senior Colleges and Unclassifiecl(Official Actions, JMices;, atrtr Sports,OFFICIAL NOTICES.324 UNIVERSITY RECORDStudents: Dean Terry, Cobb Hall, Room 4 A. 8:30to 9:30 a.m., Tuesday-Friday.For men in the Junior Colleges : Dean C apps,Cobb Hall, Room 4 A. 9:30 to 10:30 a.m., Tuesday-Friday.For women in the Colleges and Unclassified Students: Dean Bulkley, Cobb Hall, Room 4 A. 5:00to 6:00 p.m., Monday and Thursday; 11:30 a.m. to12:30 p.m., Tuesday and Friday.For all Divinity Students : Dean Hulbert, Haskell Oriental Museum. 10:30 to 11:30 a.m., Tuesday-Friday.Final Examinationfor the Degree of Ph.D.The Examination of Jeanette Cora Welch forthe Degree of Doctor of Philosophy was held Thurs day, August 20, at 2:00 p.m., Room 35, Ryerson Physical Laboratory.Principal Subject — "Physiology."Secondary Subject — "Zoology."Thesis — " On the Measurement of Mental Activitythrough Muscular Activity."Committee — Associate Professor Loeb, AssistantProfessor Wheeler, Assistant Professor Watase.For the degree of S.M.Edward Brind Esoott, Saturday, September 19,8:30-10:30 a.m., Room 35, Ryerson Physical Laboratory.Principal Subject — " Mathematics."Thesis — "The Primitive Substitution Groups ofClasses 5, 6, and 7.Committee — Head Professors Moore and Michelson,and Associate Professor Maschke.INSTRUCTION.Departmental Announcements.IA. PHILOSOPHY.President William DeWitt Hyde, of BowdoinCollege, delivers a course of eight lectures, fromAugust 25 to September 5, in Chapel, Cobb LectureHall, at 4:00 p.m. The general subject is "World-building."These are the topics and dates :The World of Fact: Sensation, Perception, Things, Events, Reality andIllusion, August 25.The World of Fancy : Memory, Imagination, Dreams, Hallucinations, Hypnotism, " 26.The World of Laws: Association andDissociation, Classification, Hypothesis, Science, " 27.The World of Ends: Abstraction andReasoning, Fallacies, Evolution, Philosophy, " 28.The World of Persons : Appreciation,Sympathy, Love, Hate, Life, Sept. 1.The World of Institutions: Family,State, Fidelity, Loyalty, " 2.The World of Morality : Appetite, Passion, Duty, Conscience, Virtue andVice, " 3.The World of Religion : Faith and Superstition, Worship and Service, God, " 4. IB. PEDAGOGY.The Pedagogical Club meets weekly, on Fridays,in Lecture Room, Cobb Lecture Hall, at 8:00 p.m.Ill & IV. POLITICAL SCIENCE AND HISTORY.The Club of Political Science and History will meetWednesday, August 26, at 8:00 p.m., in the FacultyRoom, Haskell Oriental Museum.Miss Emily Fogg : " Civil Service Reform in Chicago."VIII. SEMITIC.Dr. James H. Breasted delivers a lecture (illustrated) on " Egyptian Art," on Friday, August 21, at8:00 p.m., Assembly Room, Haskell Oriental Museum.Associate Professor Price will deliver weeklylectures on " The Assyrian and Babylonian Monuments and their Importance for the Old Testament,"Fridays, at 8: 00 p.m., Assembly Room, Haskell OrientalMuseum.The subjects and dates are as follows :Discovery and Decipherment of CuneiformInscriptions, August 28.The Early Empire and Traditions, Sept. 4.Cuneiform Contact with the West downto 800 B.C., " 11.Last Century and a half of Assyria, " 18.The New Babylonian Empire, " 25.UNIVERSITY RECORD 325XI. GREEK.Head Professor Shorey delivers public lectures on successive Fridays, at 5:00 p.m., in theChapel, Cobb Lecture Hall, as follows :Tennyson's Philosophy, August 21.Pagan Preaching in the Second Centuryafter Christ, " 28.XIV. GERMAN.Dr. Dahl delivers the second lecture on "Ibsen'sSocial Dramas," on Monday, August 24, at 4:00 p.m.,Lecture Room, Cobb Lecture Hall.XVI. BIBLICAL LITERATURE IN ENGLISH.Associate Professor Mathews will deliver livelectures on " The Social Teaching of Jesus," in theAssembly Room, Haskell Oriental Museum, on successive Tuesdays, at 5:00 p.m., beginning August 25.The topics are as follows : *1. Man and Society.2. The Family and the State.3. Wealth and Culture.4. The Forces and the Process of Social Regeneration.5. The Practicability of the Social Teachings ofJesus.The chaplain for the week, Monday, Aug. 24, toFriday, Aug. 28, will be Professor FranklinJohnson. Chapel Service at 1:40 p.m.Vesper Service.Vesper Service, Sunday, Aug. 23, will be conducted,with an address by Associate Professor FrederickStarr, Kent Theater, at 4:00 p.m.Church Services.Hyde Park Baptist Church (Corner Woodlawn avenue and56th street) — Rev. N. S. Burton, Acting Pastor. Preachingservices at 11 : GO a.m. and 7 : 45 p.m. Bible School and YoungMen's Bible Class, at 9 : 30 a.m. Young People's Society ofChristian Endeavor Monday Evening, at 7:45. Week-dayPrayer Meeting Wednesday evening at 8 : 00.Hyde Park M. E. Church (corner Washington avenue and 54thstreet) — Rev. Mr. Leonard, Pastor, will conduct services Sunday, at 10 : 45 a.m. and 7 : 30 p.m. ; General Class Meeting at 12 : 00m. ; Sunday School at 9 : 30 a.m. ; Epworth League at 6 : 30 p.m. ;General Prayer Meeting, Wednesday, at 7 : 45 p.m.University Congregational Church (corner 56th street andMadison avenue)— Rev. Nathaniel I. Rt/binkam, Ph.D., Pastor. XVII. MATHEMATICS.The Mathematical Club meets in Ryerson PhysicalLaboratory, Room 35, Friday, August 21, at 7:45 p.m.Mr. G. L. Brown : " A Ternary Linear SubstitutionGroup of Order 3.360."The Mathematical Club meets in Ryerson PhysicalLaboratory, Room 35, Friday, August 28, at 7:45 p.m.Head Professor Moore: "The Cross-Ratio Cremona Transformation-Group of Order n! in FlatSpace of n—3 Dimensions."DISCIPLES' DIVINITY HOUSE.Dr. Herbert L. Willett, Dean of the Disciples'Divinity House, will deliver fiYe public lectures on" The History and Purposes of the Disciples ofChrist," on Fridays, Room 36, Haskell OrientalMuseum, at 4: 00 p.m.These are the subjects and dates :Place of the Disciples among ChristianMovements, Aug. 21.Former Efforts toward Christian Union, " 28.The Beginnings of the Movement, Sept. 4.Alexander Campbell, " 11.The Progress of the Disciples, " 18Preaching Services at 11 : 00 a.m. No evening services during thesummer. Sabbath School and Bible Classes at 9 : 45 a.m. ; JuniorYoung People's Society of Christian Endeavor at 3 : 30 p.m. ;Senior Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor at 6 : 45 p.m. ;Wednesday Devotional Hour, at 8 : 00 p.m.Hyde Park Presbyterian Church (corner Washington avenueand 53d street)— Rev. Hubert C. Herring, Pastor. PublicChurch Services at 10 : 45 a.m., and 7 : 30 p.m. ; Sunday School at12 : 00 M. ; Junior Endeavor Society at 3 : 00 p.m. ; Young People' sSociety of Christian Endeavor at 6 : 45 p.m. ; Mid-week PrayerMeeting, Wednesday, at 7 : 45 p.m.Woodlawn Park Baptist Church (corner of Lexington avenueand 62d street) — W. R. Wood, Pastor. Bible School at 9 : 30 a.m. ;Worship and Sermon at 11 a.m. ; Young People's DevotionalMeeting at6:45p.M; Gospel Service with Sermon at 7: 30 p.m.,General Devotional Meeting, Wednesday evening, at 7 : 45. Allseats are free.Hyde Park Church of Christ (Masonic Hall, 57th street, eastof Washington avenue) — Services: Sunday at 11 : 00 a.m. ; SundaySchool at 9:45 a.m. Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor at 6 : 45 p.m. Preaching by Rev. H. L. Willett, Ph.D.St. PauVs Protestant Episcopal Church (Lake avenue, northof 50th street)— Rev. Charles H. Bixby, Rector. Holy Communion, 8 . 00 a.m. every Sunday, and 11 : 00 a.m. first Sunday ofeach month. Morning Prayer with Sermon, 11:00 a.m. Men'sBible Class at the close of the eleven o'clock service, SundaySchool, 3 : 00 P.M.RELIGIOUS.326 UNIVERSITY RECORDLIBRARIES, LABORATORIES, AND MUSEUMSDuring the week ending August 18, 1896, there hasbeen added to the Library of The University a totalnumber of 340 oooks from the following sources :Books added by purchase, 337 vols.Distributed as follows :General Library, 11 vols.; Philosophy, 15 vols.; Pedagogy, 5 vols.; Political Economy, 9 vols.; History,13 vols.; Classical Archaeology, 1 vol.; Sociology, 17 vols.; Sociology (Folk-Psychology), 2 vols,; Sociology (Divinity), 18 vols.; Comparative Religion,1 vol.; Semitics, 9 vols., Comparative Philology,3 vols.; Greek, 19 vols.; Latin, 136 vols.; German,1 vol.; Mathematics, 3 vols.; Geology, 11 vols.;Physiology, 1 vol.; Anatomy, 1 vol.; Neurology,58 vols.; Homiletics, 3 vols.Books added by gift, 3 vols.Assigned to General Library, 3 vols.LITERARY.Abstracts of Theses and Papers.Habit and Adaptation as Belated to Pedagogy.*By Chauncey P. Colgrove.As long as progress continues, no system of education can becomplete. New generations bring new needs and new duties.Ideals and systems must adapt themselves to changed conditions. We cannot import a system of popular education suitedto our needs in this country ; we must develop one of our own.In this development the time has come to bring our schoolmethods and our pedagogical literature to the test of a scientificpsychology.Unpsychological methods grow out of a pedagogical literaturethat teaches that (1) Education is a process of adaptation, oncefor all, to a fixed environment, and therefore consists in the formation of habits for their own sake. (2) Habits are formed denovo, through endless drill and mere repetition ; and on the sideof the central nervous system, education is a change from plasticity to fixedness, and the child's progress is simply from variability to stability. (3) The first year of a child's school lifemust be spent in pure receptivity— acquisitional studies andexercises first, expressional studies last — years spent in gettingthe instrument ready to do something by and by. (4) Theoryand practice, knowing and doing, sensory activity and motoractivity may be divorced in early education ; but some time inthe future, habit will bridge this chasm, and dead knowledgewill spring into living power.As opposed to these views it may be stated (1) not all that lies >about the child forms his environment, but only that part of hissurroundings with which he enters into vital relation. On theside of the forces and operations of nature, as unmodified byman, his environment is fixed. Gravity, heat, light and air arewhat they have always been. In his relation to this part of hisenvironment the child does acquire habits once for all, not fortheir own sake, but for the purpose of bringing him into vitalrelations with a larger environment. But on the human side,the child's environment is constantly changing. It expands withevery new invention or discovery. If the United States profitingby the genius of an Ericsson, builds an iron warship, the woodennavies of all nations must be changed into iron-clads. If a business man invents an improved method, his competitors mustadopt it. All must run, and the strong set the pace. On thissocial side of his environment the child needs to retain his powerof adaptation. Educational ideals on this side cannot be rigid.Even such lofty ideals as citizenship and morality imply progress.* Presented to the Department of Pedagogy for the degree ofMaster of Arts. (2) Habits are not formed de novo ; they originate (a) in instincts, or (b) in a former habit. Most of them are not formedfor their own sake, but as means, — as stepping-stones—to higherhabits. Habits are formed by associating and coordinating givengroups of muscular reactions with given sense impressions.Mere repetition of sense impressions as such is valueless. Movements without their appropriate sense-stimuli are of little worth.Growth implies abundant nutrition, and the effects of growth inthe child are manifested in his incessant activity. This activityshould be called out by appropriate stimuli ; not forced out bythe teacher. It is a whole activity, not a partial one, and theeye, hand or memory cannot be abstracted and drilled by itself.The modification of the central nervous system through education means more than a change from plasticity to fixedness, orprogress from variability to stability through formed habits. Itmeans a change from the simple to the complex, from the automatic to the consciously adaptive.(3) Expression should accompany acquisition at every stageof the child's development. The psychological time to form ahabit is when it is needed to bring the child into living relationswith a higher environment.(4) The term "practical education" is a misnomer. All realeducation is practical. As long as knowing and doing are forcedapart in school work, we shall have the material for Hydes andJekylls in society. Dead knowledge will never be anything else,and living power should be developed from the primary schoolup. When the appropriate stimulus appeals to a child's senseshe instantly responds to it by seeking for the proper expressivestimulus to match it, and then by persistent effort, he strives tocoordinate the two. Through these readaptations and adjustments, these small habits, consciously formed under the guidance of stimuli actually present, he learns to form ideals, deliberate, compare, choose. Thus through conscious adaptations,he unconsciously forms all the great habits of life, and this iseducation.An Experimental Determination of Verdet's Constant.!By Isabelle Stone.The object of the experiment was to find the rotation inminutes, corresponding to one C. G. S. unit, which occurs whenSodium light traverses a tube of Carbon Bisulphide, subjectedto a strong magnetizing force. The magnetization was due to at Presented to the Department of Physics for the Degree ofMaster of Science.UNIVERSITY MECOBD 327coil of many turns of wire through which a current of from twoto three amperes was sent.The rotation between any two points on a ray of light of agiven kind is proportional to' the difference of magneticpotential, at those points. It is necessary, therefore, to determine the difference of potential at the ends of the CS2 tube, thecurrent flowing through the coil and the rotation.The source of light was an oxyhydrogen flame, in which aglass rod was placed. The light, after being made parallel by alens, fell upon a Nicol prism. Thence, polarized light passedthrough a fine slit and a sugar cell that took the place of a halfwave plate of quartz. Light passed from the sugar cell throughthe tube of CS2 and was received by a double-image prism. Thedouble-image prism was used in order to eliminate, so far aspossible, the error due to lack of coincidence between the axisof rotation and the direction of the ray of light. The readingswere taken in four positions about 90°. Only a single set ofdtmxzritHans Christian Andersen.At the recent meeting of the Scandinavian Club,the general subject under consideration was "HansChristian Andersen. A Sketch of his Life andWorks," was given by Dr. Dahl, a synopsis of whichfollows :There has always been a close relationship between Denmarkand Germany in the intellectual realm. The new conception ofclassic art and poetry, and the regeneration of literature inGermany soon showed its influence in Denmark. A new era wasintroduced by Oehlenschlager. An interest in the past life ofthe people is awakened by! a study of the memorials of theheroic age, and a long list of illustrious names follows. Thosewho are not acquainted with Danish cannot, however, have animmediate access to this literature — as in the case of "art"and sculpture — but must approach it through the imperfectmedium of a translation. Andersen was born in Odense in 1805.His parents were people of humble circumstances. He givesthe most graphic account of his life in the autobiography," The Story of My Life." It reveals the severest struggle withadversity but the most glorious triumph. He dwells at lengthon his acquaintance with the greatest personages of the time,artists, musicians, poets, kings and emperors. He mentionsJenny Lind especially and speaks of his conviction of " theGod-given power of all art." His extensive travels and associations with the great men of many lands must help to accountfor the breadth of sympathy and the cosmopolitan characterwhich his writings reveal. Among his most important worksmay be mentioned "The Improvisatore," "O. T.," "Only aFiddler," "AJPoet's Bazaar," "The Two Baronesses" and "TheStory of My Life." His greatest fame, however, rests on hisfairy tales which have had a great number of editions andbeen translated into numerous languages. In 1875 " The Story ofthe Mother " was published in fifteen languages. In his character Andersen was one of nature's noblemen ; straightforward,simple and artless as a child, warm in his sympathies. Thesecharacteristics also reveal themselves in his writing. It dealswith the feelings and emotions of the human heart and appealsto the interest and sympathy — the natural instincts — of the.people of all ages. We need his influence when our tastes arecorrupted by the extravagant and unreal in literature. readings was taken at one time, because of the rise of temperature in the CS2. This, though small for one series, was increasedfor more to such an extent that definition of the image waslost. The coil was wound with 4121 turns of double-coveredcopper wire. To measure the current the Poggendorf method offinding electro-motive-force was made use of.The results of all observations are given in two tables. Thegreatest deviation from the mean in the first series of readingsis .6 per cent while that in the second series is .5 per cent.In the first series used in calculation of the constant thedouble rotation varied from 11° to 16°. The Standard currentwas defined as that which flowing through the £ ohm resistanceat 15° C. balances the Clark at 15° C. and was .67518 C.G. S.The final result of the investigation is x =.04282, which givesthe rotation in minutes in CS2 at 18°, corresponding to a difference of potential equal to one C. G. S. unit.ISbotts-Sketches of his "Improvisatore" and "Only a Fiddler," were given by E. C. Woolley and P. G. Woolley.Here follows a synopsis :Andersen's novel, "The Improvisatore," is the story of theromantic life of an Italian improvisatore. It is told in Andersen's peculiar style, so masterly in its simplicity and naturalness. As an example of artistic unity and finish it could hardlybe surpassed. The plot is exceedingly well made and interesting, and the author shows many traits of a master in his treatment. He has the power (admired in Lie by Bjornson) of lettingthe reader discover at the critical points in the story that theway has been secretly prepared. He is a master of artistic detail, having a wonderful wealth of beautiful episodes, which heuses both as connecting elements and also merely as embellishment. But the most delightful trait is the author's sweet, childlike spirit, which unconsciously reveals itself throughout thebook. It is this fact which makes the most striking contrastbetween " The Improvisatore " and the " Marble Faun," or anyother novels, such as Dumas', and makes it one of the mostattractive of romantic novels," Only a Fiddler."— This is the title of one of Hans Andersen'smany delightful books. Like all of his works it is replete withthe most picturesque descriptions, with many inimitable touchesof nature, of a daintiness and beauty, with which the Scandinavian authors, and especially Andersen, know how to painttheir pictures. The story is a sad little romance with its pathosdeepened by the simple style of the author, but with its pathosthere is mingled a humor so true and delicate that there is nojar ever experienced. Yet the sadness has the effect of the"dark line" which Bjornson speaks of as running through allScandinavian literature. Whether this is due to the cruelty ofthe Jewess Naomi, to the old Norwegian, her father, or to theinherited restlessness of Christian and his father is not plain.It may be due to the total influence of all. Christian seems tobe endeavoring to attain something beyond his means, andperhaps his powers, and this sad struggle against fate lends agloomy coloring to tl^e story, and gives it a beautifully patheticside, which, coupled with the deeply religious personality of theboy, and afterward the man, tints the atmosphere with a coloring rarely seen in stories.328 UNIVERSITY RECORD&$z €alntfrar.August 21=28, 1896.Friday, August 21.. Chapel. — 1 : 40 p.m.Public Lectures :Dr. Willett on "The Place of the Disciplesamong Christian Movements," 4:00 p.m. (seep. 325).Head Professor Shorey, on "Tennyson's Philosophy," 5:00 p.m. (see p. 325).Dr. James Breasted on "Egyptian Literature,"8:00 p.m. (seep. 324).The Young Men's Christian Association, 6: 45 p.m.Graduate Section, Assembly Room, HaskellOriental Museum.College Section, Snell Hall.Mathematical Club, Ryerson Physical Laboratory, Room 35, 7:45 p.m.Pedagogical Club, Lecture Room, Cobb LectureHall, 8: 00 p.m.Sunday, August 23.Vesper Service. Associate Professor FrederickStarr, 4:00 p.m. (see p. 325).Monday, August 24.Chapel. — 1:40 p.m. (see p. 325).Public Lecture :Dr. Dahl on "Ibsen's Social Dramas," 4:00 p.m.(see p. 325).Tuesday, August 25.Chapel. — 1:40 p.m.Public Lectures :President William DeWitt Hyde on "TheWorld of Facts," 4: 00 p.m. (see p. 324).Associate Professor Mathews on " The SocialTeaching of Jesus," 5: 00 p.m. (see p. 325).Divinity School Prayer Meeting, Lecture Room,Cobb Lecture Hall, 6:45 p.m. Wednesday, August 26.General University Meeting, Chapel, Cobb LectureHall, 1:30 p.m. (see p. 323).Public Lecture :President Hyde on "The World of Fancy,"4: 00 p.m. (see p. 324).Club of Political Science and History, FacultyRoom, Haskell Oriental Museum, 8:00 p.m. (seep. 324).Thursday, August 27.Chapel. — 1:40 p.m.Public Lecture :President Hyde on "The World of Laws,"4: 00 p.m. (see p. 324).The Young Women's Christian Association,Assembly Room, Haskell Oriental Museum,5:00 p.m.Friday, August 28.Chapel.— 1:40 p.m.Public Lectures :President Hyde on "The World of Ends," 4:00p.m. (see p. 324).Dr. Willett on " Former Efforts toward Christian Union," 4:00 p.m. (see p. 325).Head Professor Shorey on " Pagan Preachingin the Second Century after Christ," 5: 00 p.m.(see p. 325.)Associate Professor Price, on " Discovery andDecipherment of Cuneiform Inscriptions,"8:00 p.m. (seep. 325).The Young Men's Christian Association, 6:45 p.m.,Graduate Section, Assembly Room, HaskellOriental Museum.College Section, Snell Hall.Mathematical Club, Room 35, Ryerson PhysicalLaboratory, 7:45 p.m. (see 325).Pedagogical Club, Lecture Room, Cobb LectureHall, 8:00 p.m.Material for the UNIVERSITY RECORD must be sent to the Recorder by WEDNESDAY, 12:00 M.,in order to be published in the issue of the same week.