Price $J*50 Per Year Single Copies 5 CentsUniversity RecordCHICAGOGbe TUntversitE ot Gbicago pressVOL. I., NO. 18. PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY AT 3 P.M. JULY 31, 1896CONTENTS,I. The Quinquennial Celebration" Some of the Relations of the New Natural History to Modern Thought andModern Life," by George L. Goodale.Exercises in Connection with the Layingof the Corner Stones of the Hull Biological Laboratories. 281-291 II. Official Actions, Notices, and ReportsIII. The University 291-295293-295Instruction; Music; Religious;Libraries, Laboratories, and Museums.IV. Current EventsV. The Calendar 295296Entered in the postoffice Chicago, Illinois, as second-class matter.&%e <©uttt(jucnntal ©eWbratum,Some of the Relations of the New Natural History to flodern Thought and flodern Life.*By George L. Goodale, M.D., LL.D.Mr. President ; Ladies and Gentlemen:It is a pleasant task to bring congratulations to youon this occasion. In these good wishes all institutionsfor higher learning would desire to join. They understand that whatever helps one helps all ; that whatever strengthens one, strengthens all ; that in fact,in education, all institutions form one grand whole.Hence all express the confident hope that ChicagoUniversity, the youngest of the sisterhood, may continue in her rapid and symmetrical development, ofwhich this day marks an important stage.It is startling to reflect that the event to which thisday is specially devoted and which enlists the deepinterest of all our colleges, is wholly of the presentand has nothing to do with university traditions. Biological laboratories do not in any true sensebelong to the college past. They are among the marvelous developments of these latter days. Until acomparatively recent period even the word " laboratory" did not acquire its signification as a placewhere students carry on practical studies. Its presentmeaning has become so thoroughly incorporated intocommon thought that it seems difficult to realize thatit ever meant anything else. And yet less than fortyyears ago it was applied almost exclusively to themysterious apartment where the chemist and physicistarranged their apparatus and prepared their appliancesfor the lecture- table. It was the one place withincollege walls to which students were not admittedexcept as occasional spectators and almost always* Address delivered in the University Quadrangles in connection with the laying of the corner stones of the Hall BiologicalLaboratories, July 3, 1896.282 UNIVERSITY RECORDunder protest. The laboratories were not then for thelabor of students. Practical work was not exacted, itwas not encouraged, it was hardly permitted. Textbooks and lectures were deemed sufficient.Yet, here and there, in the history of education onecomes upon a hint of practical work for students, as,for instance, in a letter from a wise governor of ouroldest American college to the English philosopherRobert Boyle, two hundred and twenty-four years ago:*' A large well sheltered garden and orchard for studentsaddicted to planting, an Ergasterium for mechanicfancies, and a laboratory chemical for those philosophers that by their senses would culture their understandings, are in our design, for the students to spendtheir times of recreation in them ; for readings ornotions only are but husky provender." |By Ergasterium was probably meant what we understand today by a manual-training school, or sloyd,rather than a physical laboratory in the usual application of that term.The idea of using the garden, orchard, manual-training outfit, and chemical laboratory for use duringtimes of recreation, rather than study, must not prejudice us against the value and farsightedness of thesuggestions. Let us remember that this remarkableproposition was made by a colonist who gave muchtime and thought to the planting of a college in thewilderness. He was anxious to make this new collegeof the greatest possible use to the new country and hewas therefore ready to modify the established methodsof instruction in the old world. But in spite of thesepregnant hints as to a better way, things went on muchas before, and the husky provender lasted well intothe present century.There were occasional indications of a comingchange, but the signs of the times were not plain orwidely discerned.There is strong reason to believe that Louis Agassiz,Asa Gray, and Jeffries Wyman contributed directly inthis country to the overturn of the old ways.When at last the change came, it was very suddenand it was complete.The sequence of events in this amazing revolutionappears to have been as follows : First, in NaturalHistory and Chemistry, students were set about thetask of examining things and phenomena for themselves; and these methods proved at once so conspicuously successful, that increased appliances wereimmediately placed at the disposal of pupils. Fromthis auspicious beginning the development was continuous, and laboratory methods, with certain properchanges, were introduced into all departments off Works of Robert Boyle, Vol. V., p. 142. Letter from Leon higher education. So that the laboratory, althoughwe may not give it that precise title, exists as the bestappliance of instruction today in all fields of intellectual activity. Its essential character is this: thestudent is placed face to face with the object of hisstudy. Books, lectures, demonstrations, and the like,are used as important aids, but they are not permittedto stand between the student and what he has inhand.It would be interesting to trace the history of thismarvelous change in the old world and the new, andto show how far each of our great teachers contributedto the desirable result.But such a digression would take us too far fromour present path. It is sufficient to say that noNaturalist, Chemist, or Physicist would go willinglyback to the old method ; no teacher of philosophy,history, political economy, or language, would relinquish the improved and stimulating library courses ofresearch; no instructor in medicine or law would giveup the advantages of the clinical and case method; inshort, the overturn has set things right, and the laboratory method, under whatever name it does its usefulwork, has come to stay. All teachers today agree withMiiller that " to restore a commonplace truth to itsfirst luster you must translate it into action."In this way only can things seem real, phenomenareal, relations real. Any immediate method is, in distinction from a mediate method, a laboratory method.It is the taking things and their forces at first handand not at second hand from someone else.Since, then, there are laboratories with name andlaboratories without name, we may properly ask onthis occasion what place the Biological laboratoryoccupies with respect to the others in the universitycurriculum, and what claim it has upon the confidence and support of the community outside ofuniversity walls. What are some of the relations ofthe New Natural History to modern thought andmodern life ?Natural History formerly included in its widestrange the consideration of what we call today Geology,Mineralogy, Zoology, and Botany. Geology, the greatsynthetic science, of course touches Zoology andBotany in its study of fossils, but it is now generallymade autonomic; Mineralogy has been appropriatedas a department of applied Chemistry, and thereremain of the former group, these two, Zoology andBotany. These, in their new aspects, can fairly claimto be new.We must remember, however, that this word new,which we here apply to Natural History, is only rela-rd Hoar, dated Dec. 13. 1672.UNIVERSITY RECORD 283tive. Bacon used it almost three centuries ago; Vicoemployed it at the close of the last century, anddoubtless the coming century will adopt and apply itmany times again. The new Natural History of thisage is Biology in its widest sense.It falls to the lot of only a few words to be snatchedfrom a base use and employed afterward with dignity.Biology is one of these. Some of us can remembercadaverous, long-haired, wild-eyed charlatans, whowere wont to invade rural communities with lectureson what they were pleased to term biology, or inrounder style, electro-biology. These forerunners ofSvengali dealt in inflated phrases in which theycovered up their ignorance of physiology and psychology, and turned to their use the bewildering phenomena of mesmerism. In some places where thesecharlatans went, the word biology survives unhappilyin association with their mischievous and dishonestwork.But fortunately that transient unwarranted use ofan admirable term is in a fair way to be forgotten, andBiology is likely to stand more and more for one of thenoblest pursuits of the human intellect.Biology is comprehensive in its scope. It asks everyreasonable question concerning the origin, development, structure, and life of every living thing. It isnoble in its aims. It strives to turn the answers itreceives to the best account in making clear the lawsunder which the living beings on our planet worktogether. It investigates their mutual relations, andtherefore touches every department of thought andaction. It is unflinching in its use of only the mostrigid scientific method. This is the breath of its life.The modern scientific method, now generallyadopted by all departments of inquiry, is the onlystraightforward method of investigation. First of all,the student examines a given object or phenomenonfrom all possible points of view and compares theseresults with those obtained by a similar examinationof other objects and phenomena, endeavoring toascertain what they have in common. Thus he is prepared to formulate general statements. From suchinductions he proceeds to justifiable deductions, andthence to inductions of higher orders. His most usefulinstruments of research are hypothesis and experiment.The demands made by the scientific method wherever employed are very numerous, but of these onlyfour need now be considered : (1) Singleness of purpose; the only object being the attainment of truth.All preconceived notions liable to mislead must belaid aside. (2) Directness of aim. One must not bediverted by other interests. (3) Thoroughness. Every point, however trivial, must be examined carefully andalways with a due sense of proportion. (4) Fearlessness.Compliance with these demands, which are madeby the scientific method on all its willing students,must produce marked effects on character. The mostprominent of these are: (1) the substitution of enthusiasm for indifference; (2) a self-respecting humilityconjoined with charitableness; (3) an increase of sincerity; a horror of a lie.Biology has two features not easily understood byoutsiders until the whole ground is surveyed carefully.These are first, the caution which comes from thefact that it deals very largely with probabilities andit contents itself with apprehending, weighing, andutilizing these. Secondly, it examines carefully everyfact and phenomenon which comes under observation,although at first the fact or phenomenon might notappear to be worth a moment's consideration.From what has now been said, it may be plain thatBiology has a distinct claim for a place among thedisciplines in a university.With such a scope, such aims, and such methods, itcannot be a matter of surprise that Biology has haddistinguished triumphs. These legitimate successesgive it a strong claim upon the confidence and thesupport of the community.Some of its more conspicuous contributions tohuman advancement may properly engage our attention for a few minutes, provided we do not interpretmy imperfect presentation of the matter as an adequate and exhaustive account.First of all, Biology has brought into prominencecertain questions in regard to the succession and theconditions of survival of life upon our globe, whichhave given a new interest to the great problems of theages. Huxley, as one of the leaders in Biology, hassaid, the matters studied are not only " things andtheir forces, but men and their ways," and followingon this in the most natural manner, "the fashioningof the affections and of the will into an earnest andloving desire to move in harmony with the laws ofnature."The great questions of right thinking and rightliving have come more and more into practical form ;essentials have taken a stronger hold ; non-essentialsare losing their grasp, and there is everywherethroughout the world a tendency in the direction ofunity among all people who desire to be of service totheir fellowmen. The student of philosophy, and ofsociology, and of religion, realizes that between thisnew movement in the direction of unity and theimpetus given to thought relative to organic beings,284 UNIVERSITY RECORDby the investigations of our most stimulating naturalists, there is a definite relation of cause and effect.And the relation has been thoroughly good andwholesome.If we glance at more material aspects we shall beimpressed by the vastness of the advance made. Forinstance, Biology has revolutionized certain industries,and is tributary to many more.Thus the whole group of industries based on fermentation has been profoundly changed in the details ofworking by the researches of biological students.One of the most recent of these is the importantmodification in the processes of the dairy, a subjectwhich would seem far removed from minute microscopical research. And yet it is a well-known factthat the original biological investigations made withina very few years in Denmark, have already placed theproduction of butter of a perfectly uniform qualitythroughout the year, on a commercial basis. Ofcourse we must remember that in all these and similarinvestigations the resources of Chemistry have beenconstantly called on to aid Biology, and these twosciences work happily and successfully side by side.Continuing our glance at the industries, we cannotfail to observe the improvement in the preservation ofwines and other fermented beverages. A new method,based on Pasteur's researches, has now renderedunnecessary the addition of any preservative substances to such liquids; the liquids are simply broughtto a temperature a little lower than that of boilingwater, and, if they are carefully sealed, will, after that,undergo no further change or deterioration.But see how one thing is joined to another. Themilk that comes to our cities may, in its carelesshandling or transportation, receive impurities of anunwholesome kind, germs of disease. A modificationof Pasteur's process, applied to milk, renders the milkharmless in this particular, and it has doubtless hadmuch to do with diminishing mortality, especiallyamong young children and in our hospitals. Butsuch advance is due to biological researches inbiological laboratories. Again, biology has become soimportant an adjunct in public hygiene that it nowimposes very severe restrictions on willing communities. The officers in charge of the public health feelmore and more strongly the necessity of biological aswell as chemical investigations of water-supply andthe like. Statistics prove much or little according tothe way they are tabulated and interpreted; but manyeconomists are agreed in believing that statisticsshow that there has been a distinct improvement inthe health of cities where biological research has beenmade a handmaid of hygiene. The complete transformation which surgery hasundergone since the introduction of aseptic methodsbased on biological investigations, is known to you all.You are aware that one of the most hazardous operations in surgery is now performed with almost perfectsafety as a precautionary measure. Just think ofthis. An operation which no surgeon in his senseswould have advised twenty-five years ago is now performed to prevent possible complications. And thispresent safety is due wholly to methods growing outof biological research.Serum-therapy, the last great contribution ofmedicine to the relief of human misery, is the directoutcome of biological investigations. One of ourmost fatal maladies, which invades the palace and thehovel, has been robbed of its terrors.And no one can tell where this great advance willend. Suffice it to say that hygiene, medicine, surgery,and the industrial arts wait impatiently for furtherbiological contributions.Some of the most interesting biological discoverieshave been made by students in contiguous fields, whowere using the appliances of biological research intheir professions. Such students may not have calledthemselves biologists: probably Lister never thoughtof claiming for himself this title; there are peoplewho speak prose all their life without knowing it:there are a good many students who are working inBiology without realizing it; but all the results countone way, they are direct contributions to the welf are,the health, the happiness of the human race. Biologyhas, I repeat, opened up new lines of thought in alldepartments of activity. Hence its claims are verystrong on universities and communities.One thing more must now be added in regard tothese claims. The most striking phenomenon inmodern education is the interest which is taken bywomen in all of its aspects. This interest is deep,thoroughly unselfish, and discriminating. It hastherefore borne down all prejudice and factious opposition. If it had been superficial, or self-seeking, orundiscriminating, it would have found arrayed againstit all the forces of conservatism. But as it is characterized by woman's tact and good judgment, it has cometo be everywhere recognized as a factor of greatimportance in modern civilization.Women have not failed to appreciate the desirabilityof encouraging all work in our highest institutions oflearning, for they know that in the welfare of thehighest is bound up the welfare of schools of lowergrade. In seeking the best advantages for their sex,they have sought to secure the best advantages alsofor men. They have therefore given freely towardsUNIVERSITY RECORD 285the improvement in every way of higher education ingeneral.But they have also realised the fact that certaindepartments of university education are preeminentlyfitted for the instruction of women. These are thedepartments which have been recognized as especiallysuited to prepare women to be teachers or specialinvestigators, and these departments have appealedstrongly to women who have had the means to give.Our best example is afforded by the discriminatingbenefaction by which these biological laboratorieshave been added to The University.There is perhaps no department of original investigation in which women can be more uniformly successful than in biological research, especially when theyfeel that thereby they may possibly be instrumentalin alleviating human ills or in advancing the highestinterests of the race. In such research, the keenintuitions, the alert sympathy, and the untiringindustry of women conspire to ensure success. It willbe largely in the borderland where biology and medicine come together that the best results may belooked for. When, as assuredly will be the case,women are here given facilities never before accordedto women, it will be seen that the claims of biologicallaboratories are of the very strongest character.Recognizing these claims we can most heartily joinwith this University in expressing the hope that onthese corner stones may be erected wisely and generously a structure in which the noblest aims may becherished and grand results may be attained. But inorder to cherish these worthy aims properly and attainthe best results, the laboratories and their supportmust be on a generous scale.In these days, there is everywhere minute divisionof labor, extreme specialization. . The times demandthis. The divisions can be and are made in manyways. Here in Biology, for example, there is to be onedepartment devoted chiefly to Anatomy, another toPhysiology, another to Zoology, and another still toBotany. Later there may be additions, for instance,Palaeontology. Each of these in turn must be dividedfor purposes of advantageous research; each musthave its instruments of precision and its other materialappliances. Each division places under contributionall chemical and physical appliances which it deemsuseful and thus it stands equipped for all investigations.It would interest you to examine a biological laboratory of a high order ; to see how numerous, and costly,and useful its appliances are. The limit appears to bethe limit of money available for necessary purchases,and hence in no one place on the face of the globetoday is there a biological laboratory as well provided as it ought to be. There is not a single one which isnot hampered by lack of funds ; there is not one whichcould not do better work if it had more funds.It is with great interest and, I may say, with greatconfidence that we look forward to the development ofthe biological laboratories of The University of Chicago.The history of Chicago compels this interest. Youcannot realized how profound was the effect producedeverywhere by the conspicuous success of the Columbian Exposition, carried through by the energy andgood judgment of this community. Noblesse oblige.Your success in everything which you have taken inhand compels you to succeed in the noble task ofestablishing a university of the first rank, and ofequipping amply every department.The biological department must have its lakesideand seaside laboratories working in conjunction withthose in this city, where experiments in regard toheredity, habits, and modified structure can be carriedon. Your anatomical and physiological sections musthave adequate adjuncts when and where needed.Your botanical section must be provided with its garden and working forest, with greenhouses of amplesize. With these and other absolutely necessaryappliances, the complete success of the Hull Biological'laboratories is assured.Now may we not profitably glance for a moment atthe practical side of this success. Remembering thatany applied science opens up new questions in theory,we may unhesitatingly urge that it is not undignifiedor unworthy to insist upon the magnificent practicalresults which may follow on the establishment of alaboratory of the very first order, armed at everypoint.At present it appears to be impracticable to expectsuch a laboratory at any other place in this country.But I can assure you that all teachers of biologicalscience throughout our land would unselfishly hailwith joy the announcement that these laboratories soauspiciously established, may be in every way worthyof The University of Chicago and of the noble city inwhich it has its home.The energetic and well-trained specialists placed incharge must not be hampered by want of means orwant of sympathy. Means, assuredly, should not belacking to carry out to the full the judicious plans bywhich those biological stations can be placed in thevery front rank. Sympathy, assuredly, should not bewithheld by anyone, for all can see how deeply dependent on biological advance is the solution of some ofour greatest social, moral and religious questions.It has been my good fortune to know somewhatintimately a few of those to whom has been committed286 UNIVERSITY RECORDthe precious trust of caring for these things here. IfI may be pardoned for this personal statement, I willsay, Mr. President, that you have here coadjutorswho will aid you in keeping bright and clear this lightof science on which so much depends.This light of science, is no will-o'-the-wisp, leadingover swamps to destruction: it is like the steady gleamof the Pharos, the lighthouse, showing at once theperils of the reef and the safety of the harbor. ItOn Friday, July 3, the laying of the corner stonesof the Hull Biological Laboratories took place on theUniversity Quadrangles.The exercises at the Convocation Tent were as follows: Prayer of Invocation by Professor George T.Ladd, D.D., LL.D., of Yale University; Address byProfessor George L. Goodale, M.D., LL.D., of HarvardUniversity; a Statement by the President of TheUniversity.The company then adjourned to the site chosen forthe Laboratories, where the corner stones of the buildings were successively laid with appropriate ceremonialand addresses. Head Professor John M. Coulter gavethe address at the foundation of the Botanical Laboratory ; Associate Professor Jacques Loeb, at the site ofthe Physiological Laboratory ; the address written byHead Professor Henry H. Donaldson was read byAssistant Professor E. O. Jordan at the site of theAnatomical Laboratory, and Head Professor CharlesO. Whitman spoke at the Zoological foundations.The prayer was offered by the University Chaplain,Associate Professor Charles R. Henderson.The President's Statement.A gift is always pleasing. A gift which makes possible the realization of what had been dreamed andvisioned, is more than pleasing. A gift which providesnot only the endowment, but also the buildings forthe various departments of a great division of science,is, from every point of view, notable. Only six monthsago the public announcement was made of this greatgift for the cause of science. Today we meet to celebrate the real beginning of the undertaking. It is asource of sincere satisfaction that the donor of the giftis able to be present with us. We hope that we maybe able, if not directly, at least indirectly, to convey toher the great joy which fills our hearts on this occasion.I do not exaggerate the situation when I say that noeducational event in the history of the development of blends with the other steadfast rays which every greatuniversity sends forth in all directions, making clearin the midst of increasing, vulgar luxury what it is tobe simple and faithful and true ; making evident, inthe face of unblushing audacity, what it is to keepmodesty, self-respect, and reserve; and demonstratingat every point and in every part that here can becherished an honest spirit of humble inquiry concerning higher things.science has had greater significance. It is indeed adifficult thing rightly to conceive the possibilities ofthis great enterprise. With professors and fellowsand students devoting themselves to fields of researchincluded within the scope of this foundation, whyshould we not expect results which shall be of vitalinfluence and consequence to the entire world ? Inlaying these corner stones today, we are laying thefoundations of a school of medicine, for aside from thedistinct work outlined in each department there isthat great and important service t6 be rendered in theestablishment of a school of medicine, the chief workof which shall be investigation.We do not forget that all this is done in memory ofa man who was identified with the work of that olderinstitution, of which we have been to some extent theheir. The name of Charles J. Hull will now beconnected for all time with a kind of work in which,while living, he was particularly interested. It is agracious act on the part of our esteemed friend, MissCulver, thus to perpetuate his name and memory.But in so doing, whether she will or not, her namelikewise will be associated with this same foundation,and to her after all is to be ascribed the conception ofthe gift. That all her desires in this matter may berealized; that this work may be conducted to thegreatest advantage of humanity ; that in it all thedirecting hand of God may be manifest, is the prayerof every man and woman here today.Description of the Laboratories.I. THE HULL BOTANICAL LABORATORY.This building will have five floors, each devoted to aspecial subject, in the following order:The first floor will contain a lecture room withcapacity for one hundred and fifty students, a generalelementary laboratory in which sections of fifty students may work, a large reading room, and threeoffices.Exercises in Connection with the Laying of the Corner Stones of the HullBiological Laboratories.UNIVERSITY RECORD 287The second floor will be devoted to Morphology andthe classification of the higher plants; containingHerbarium room, private work rooms, a laboratory forspecial Morphology, a departmental library, severalresearch and private rooms.The third floor will be arranged for the study ofMorphology and the classification of the lower plants.It will contain special laboratories, research rooms,rooms for collections, lecture rooms.The fourth floor will be devoted to plant Psychology,with laboratories for general, advanced and chemicalstudy of plants, research rooms, dark rooms and lecture rooms.The fifth floor will be the special feature of thebuilding, being utilized for the cultivation of plants.It will be divided into rooms kept under different conditions of moisture and temperature, so that tropical,arctic, desert, and aquatic vegetation, may all berepresented. This collection of living material willfurnish abundant supplies for the morphologicalwork, and will be a large laboratory for extensivephysiological work.The basement, in addition to its use for storage, willbe utilized for such physiological apparatus as demands extremely solid support.II. THE HULL PHYSIOLOGICAL LABORATORY.In this building the basement will contain aquariafor keeping marine and fresh water animals, a smallgreenhouse for the study of the relation of plants andanimals, a cold storage plant for the study of theeffects of low temperatures, a constant temperatureroom, workshop and engine room.On the first floor there will be a laboratory forbeginners in Physiology, with store and batteryrooms, a photographic room, lecture room, galvanometer room for the study of animal electricity, aprivate laboratory and office.The second floor will contain a large lecture roomwith preparation room and storeroom, departmentallibrary, laboratories for physiological optics, and twodark rooms.The third floor will be arranged for laboratories andresearch rooms for the study of physiological chemistry, comparative physiology and balance rooms.The fourth floor will contain two laboratories foradvanced work in physiological chemistry and researchrooms for medical physiology, especial physiology ofrespiration, circulation and nerve physiology.III. THE HULL ANATOMICAL LABORATORY.The basement of this building will contain anextensive refrigerator for the preservation of theanatomical material, and storerooms. The first floor will be used for the study of Experimental Psychology. It will contain a photographicroom and a department library with full supply oftext-books and periodicals.The second floor will be devoted to the subject ofNeurology and Histology, the former occupying thewest end and the latter the east end of the building.On the third floor rooms will be arranged for thestudy of Anatomy. The Anatomical Theater at theeast end of the building will be entered from thisfloor. These rooms will contain charts and models forthe study of dissection. There will also be a museumroom behind the Anatomical Theater.The fourth floor will be devoted to live animals.The west end will be used for such animals as requirewarm temperature. It is planned to make this animalroom the most perfect of its kind. On this floor alsowill be a surgical ward, rooms for animals recoveringfrom operations, special rooms for trained animalsand those undergoing psychological observations.IV. THE HULL ZOOLOGICAL LABORATORY.The basement of this building will furnish anaquarium room which will have an outside extensionto the south of about thirty feet, with space for asmall pond to be kept up the year round. This pondwill be connected with the pond designed for thegarden, and thus all conditions of heat and coldthroughout the year will be met. The basement willalso be provided with work rooms for Palaeontology,storerooms, and rooms for keeping animals.The first floor will be devoted to purposes of synoptical museum, with lecture room and laboratory forelementary biology.On the second floor there will be a library, chemicalroom, research laboratory, private research rooms, andoffice.The third floor will contain two laboratories, embryological and cytological, a photographic room, andresearch rooms.The fourth floor will be divided between Palaeontology and Bacteriology.Address of Head Professor Coulter.This building is to stand for botany in all its widerange. The science is a venerable one and has everappealed to the interest of man, and distinguishednames in all ages are associated with its development.Like every venerable science it had its long period ofnarrow and superficial cultivation, but in recent yearsit has contributed a large share to the wonderfuldevelopment of modern science. Dealing as it doeswith life in one of its manifestations, it has grappledwith the great biological problems, and has brought288 UNIVERSITY RECORDto their solution a vast array of facts. It has becomea science of great complexity, so that its adequate presentation, even at this early stage of its real development, demands large facilities and wide diversity ofpreparation. As a consequence, those universitieswhich can maintain but one or two botanists can present but one or two phases of the subject, and suchuniversities are vastly in the majority. Therefore, theequipment of a building designed to provide for allphases of the subject, in appliances and instruction,represents an important epoch in the history of thescience. This building, however, although intendedto stand in university fashion for instruction in everyphase of its subject, would fall far short of its purposewere this all. The living teacher today is the productive teacher, not merely traveler, but pioneer andexplorer. The lasting fame of this building will restnot upon its architectural beauty, its elaborate equipment, the number of its students and instructors, allof which are very important adjuncts, but upon itscontributions to knowledge. This is to be a center ofbotanical instruction, but it is also to be a center ofbotanical research. To increase the store of humanknowledge is one of the noblest of ambitions ; and thegenerous hand that has made this building possibleand has given opportunity for wide research in theproblems «aof life, has done an inestimable service tothe world, for it has uncovered perennial springs ofpower. The motto here is instruction and research ;not the former alone, or inspiration would be lackingand all this outlay would but doubtfully serve thefew; not the latter alone, for the beneficent touch ofthe living teacher must stimulate intellectual life andmust discover new disciples. To teach old truth andto discover new truth is our mission. This department must be like a tree, rooted and grounded in allthe truth that the past has revealed, but stretchingout its branches and ever renewed foliage to the airand the sunshine, and taking into its life the forces oftoday. To the service of its students and to the service of the world is this building founded.Address of Associate Professor Loeb.The building whose corner stone we have just laidwill be the first American Laboratory dedicatedexclusively to Physiology. The example the donorand The University of Chicago are setting thereby,will, sooner or later, be followed by the other universities of this country. Through this circumstance,our celebration becomes of more than local importance,and we may raise the question, what rdle the Physiological Laboratory will play in the near future. The scientific education of physicians is its first andmost apparent task. The time in which a diseasewas considered as an entity, or as a kind of evil spiritto be driven out of the body by a drug, is past. Themodern physician knows that diseases are only variations of the normal processes of life, and that in orderto recognize and alter these variations, one must firstunderstand the normal life phenomena. It is in thePhysiological Laboratory that the student of Medicinemust get the knowledge of life phenomena and themethods for analyzing them. Without well equippedphysiological laboratories, a country cannot producecompetent physicians.The study of the causes and nature of diseases andmeans of prevention, are equally important. Everyfurther step in the investigation of life phenomenawill aid in the recognition, prevention and cure ofdisease, although in many cases considerable time mayelapse, before the theoretical discovery can yield practical results. The physiological researches of Schwann,Pasteur and others, on fermentation, were at first of apurely theoretical character yet they brought aboutthe new epoch in Medicine, which culminated in thecure of Diphtheria.The service Physiology has to render to Medicine,however, is neither the only, nor perhaps the highestaim of the Physiological Laboratory. Life phenomenaare also the processes by which starch and meat areproduced, plants and animals the machines in whichour food is manufactured. At present, a failure ofthe crops means suffering for many. This mightbecome different if we should succeed in recognizingand imitating the chemical and molecular processes inthe cells by which they transform simple compounds ofthe air and the soil, into the materials of our food.In the solution of these problems, Physiology has tojoin hands with Chemistry.The synthesis of sugar is already an accomplishedfact. The day may not be far distant in which weshall be able to make bread directly from the Carbon-dioxide of the air.The questions of the origin of the human race andof life on our planet, present themselves to the mindagain and again. Darwinism has tried to give ananswer to the first question. But we cannot denymuch longer that this answer is unsatisfactory. Weneed experimental facts which shall establish whetherand how, species can be transformed. Such experiments must necessarily be conducted in a PhysiologicalLaboratory.As for the question of the origin of life, it is the taskof Physiology to determine whether or not we shallbe able to produce living matter artificially. We areUNIVERSITY RECORD 289forced to admit that this is perhaps the most fundamental task of Physiology.If the building of this Laboratory will lead theother universities of this country to follow theexample of The University of Chicago, we may feelsatisfied that today, we are laying the corner stone,not only of the Hull Physiological Laboratory, but ofone of the arches, on which the future civilization ofthe country will rest.Address of Head Professor Donaldson.Where we now stand, a building devoted to anatomywill shortly rise. What this may signify for the history of science and of education, none can predict, butit is our privilege to interpret the event.Civilized man is dependent on his tools and laborsto perfect them. Yet all tools are but extensions ofhimself, without his adaptibility, but, in compensation, more powerful, more accurate, and more untiring,so that he conquers by magnifying the motions of hisbody. That body with its marvelous mechanism, isat all times and in every land the most noble instrument of progress. To study its construction andrealize its perfect form, laboratories for anatomy areneeded.In the world's history the study of the human bodyhas marked each intellectual revival. More than twothousand years ago flourished the great school ofanatomy at Alexandria ; the first to leave its mark,though soon destroyed. The Anatomist Galen taughtimperial Rome, and for fifteen hundred years his teachings dominated Europe. The anatomy of Shakespearewas still the anatomy of the ancients. Yet before thegreat poet was born, the new era had begun, and bythe middle of the 16th century, Vesalius had given tothe world an anatomy based upon the dissection of thehuman body and forming the corner stone of theknowledge of today.Through all ages, anatomy has had to fight withprejudice, a prejudice dependent on that deep-seatedhuman sentiment of respect for death. To dissect thehuman body has been deemed a doubtful practice andone destructive of the finer feelings. In earlier times,the bodies of slaves, criminals and captives were alonedevoted to this service, and anatomy gained ill-reputefrom its associates.The history of the events by which public sentimenthas been enlightened and public practice been improved, need not detain us. We are past the timewhen mere contact with things commonly shunnedcan be held as necessarily defiling. The physician andthe nurse are not diseased because they tend the sick. Their sympathies are not destroyed because they livewith pain. Nor shall the sacredness and mystery ofdeath be lost by those who work upon the humanbody and labor, that from the dead may come soundknowledge for the living. We seek to learn from allthings and regard the motives for the search— for themotive is our shield.For this study, a splendid building is now set apart.Magnificent beyond all others, have been the structures reared by man in memory of man. Such buildings mark the culture of a race and commemorate thegreatness of a people. Yet too often they have servedonly to perpetuate an accidental name or fruitlessvictory. This latest monument shall serve a differentend; for it is founded to make plain the mysteriesentrusted to it ; to lay open, not to conceal, and to beluminous with the light of this fair century downwhich it looks.It is our privilege to be present at the beginning ofa noble enterprise. Hope, gratitude and reverencebring us here, revering the spirit of this gift, sincerelygrateful to the donor for the opportunity thus offered,and hopeful for the full development of those greatprinciples of ceaseless labor and unhampered thought,on which good learning and wide culture ever stand.Head Professor Whitman's Address.Every gift, we are told, is twice blest, once in thegiver and again in the receiver. But we have learnedby repeated experience that many of our gifts comedouble. Now, if a single gift is twice blest, a doubleone must be four times blest and thus we figure out,with mathematical infallibility a quadruple blessing.I do not suppose that our biological quadrangle offour laboratories owes its fourfold nature to any suchsentimental suggestion, but fancy certainly discoverscoincidence if nothing more.The Culver gift to Biology came to us all as a grandsurprise. Our earlier days in The University werespent in the garrets and kitchens of a tenement house;we were then tenderly transferred to the unused corners of the Kent Chemical Laboratory, where, amidmalodorous fumes and toxic explosives, the like ofwhich only a chemical laboratory could generate, westruggled for three years for bare existence. We survived, but we seemed destined to remain forever inthe " polliwog's condition," so well fabled in " TheBiglow Papers." We yearned for transformation, butalas, our polliwog appendage would not set us free." Frogs by brevet " we had heard of, but what thatmeant we could not divine before Miss Culver made ussee how:290 UNIVERSITY RECORD" Providence that works in history,And seems to some folks such a mystery,Does not creep slowly onincog.,But moves by jumps, a mighty frog."Just as our hopes had cooled to near the freezingpoint, there came a summons to hasten to PresidentHarper's house to hear important news. The storywas told in all the brevity and gravity that befit greatdeeds:"A GIFT OP A MILLION TO BIOLOGY."Metamorphosis was instantaneous. In the languageof the fable:" The thing was done, the tails were cropped,And home each philotadpole hopped,In faith rewarded to exult,And wait the beautiful result."What is to be comprehended in this result ? MissCulver's letter of gift settles the main points. Theseare: first, headquarters, equipment, and extension ofthe means and facilities of both instruction andresearch in The University and the City of Chicago;second, a biological station for experimental workwith plants and animals — for the investigation of theproblems of domestication, breeding, crossing, variation, adaption, heredity, for the study of animal habit,instinct and intelligence, for the prosecution of researchin embryology and general biology; and, third, amarine biological laboratory, completing the circle ofappliances for dealing with the phenomena of lifeunder the varied conditions of land, lake, river andocean.The gift was great, but not too great for the purposes contemplated. A group of sciences coveringthe whole field of life and holding the keys to medicineand hygiene, to sociology, psychology and philosophy,ministering to agriculture, giving scientific directionto the dairy, and indispensable to great industriessuch as brewing and silk production, — such a group ofsciences cannot be overreached by munificence.What will be accomplished by this gift dependslargely upon the wisdom with which it is distributedamong its several purposes. The tendency to differentiate into separate departments must be so guided asto ensure organic unity. That is a paramount consideration, and our greatest cause for rejoicing is, notso much for what our departments gain individuallyas for what they gain as parts of a more perfect unity.The supreme importance of this unity becomes manifest when we reflect that our sciences bear to oneanother the relation of root, trunk, and branches of atree.In Zoology and Botany we see the two great trunksout of which all the other biological sciences arise as branches. Biology is the common root through which.the twin trunks and their branches become one organic whole. The Biological Quadrangle with outposts on ocean, lake and land, is at once a pledge anda guaranty of development in scientific unity, since itwill enable us to compass more and more the wholevast field.The Corner Stone Deposits.I. Articles Deposited in Each of the Corner Stones :(1) The Annual Register of The University ; (2) Thelast Quarterly Calendar ; (3) The University Record ;(4) Circular of Information, Summer Quarter; (5>The University of Chicago Weekly ; (6) Programmes.of the Quinquennial Celebration , (7) The President'sQuarterly Statement; (8) The President's QuarterlyStatement Containing Notices of the Gift of MissCulver ; (9) The President's Quinquennial Statement ;(10) The Chicago Morning Papers; (11) Programmesof the Biological Departments ; (12) A Copy of MissCulver's Letter of Gift; (13) Photographs of theCulver Quadrangle ; (H) Photograph of the . HullLaboratories ; (15) Engravings of Chas. J. Hull ; (16)Photographs of Miss Culver ; (17) University Journals*II. Additional Articles in the Corner Stone of theHull Botanical Laboratory: (1) The BotanicalGazette for June, 1896; (2) Pamphlet, Published bythe U. S. Department of Agriculture ; " PreliminaryRevision of the North American Species of Echino-cactus, Cereus and Opuntia," by Head Professor JohnM. Coulter; (3) Pamphlet, "The Embryo-Sac ofAster Novae Angliae," by Assistant Charles J. Chamberlain; (4) Pamphlet, " The Development of theCystocarp of Champia parvula, Harv," by AssociateBradley Moore Davis ; (5) Pamphlet, "The Fertilization of Batrachospermum," by Associate BradleyMoore Davis.III. Additional Articles Deposited in the CornerStone of the Hull Physiological Laboratory : (1)Pamphlet, published by The University of Chicagoentitled, "Physiological Archives. Hull PhysiologicalLaboratory, No. 1;" (2) Pamphlet, "Ueber den Ein-fluss des Lichtes auf die Organbildung bei Thieren,"von Jacques Loeb, Associate Professor ; (3) Pamphlet,"Zur Theorie des Galvanotropismus," von JacquesLoeb und S. S. Maxwell ; (4) Part I of the LaboratoryNotes used by the class in Introductory Physiology,University of Chicago, 1896, Instructor, D. J. Lingle.IV. Additional Article Deposited in the CornerStone of the Hull Anatomical Laboratory : Magazineof Western History, of October 1891. Containing abiographical sketch of Mr. Hull.UNIVERSITY RECORD 291V. Additional Article Deposited in the CornerStone of the Hull Zoological Laboratory: BoundVolume, "Reflections," by Chas. J. Hull, in whosememory these buildings are erected.The Science Dinner.On Friday evening The University gave a dinner inthe Quadrangle Clubhouse to Miss Helen Culver andthe visiting scientists. About fifty guests were present. President Harper as toastmaster sat at thehead of the table with Miss Culver at his right handand Dr. Goodale of Harvard University at his left, andon either side were arranged distinguished representatives of science from the neighboring states and theUniversity Faculty.Among these were Professors Forbes and Burrill ofthe University of Illinois, Professor McMurrich of theUniversity of Michigan, Professors Peirce and Eigen-mann of the University of Indiana, Professor Barnesof the University of Wisconsin, Professor McBride ofIowa, Professor Ward from Nebraska, Professors Halland Long from Chicago, and Professors Holmes andMillspaugh of the Field Columbian Museum. Asspecial guests may be mentioned Miss French, Mr.Ewing and the Rev. W. H. P. Faunce, D.D., Mr. D. L.Shorey, Mr. C. C. Bowen, Mr. D. G. Hamilton, Mr.Edw. Goodman, Mrs. Harper, Dean Marion Talbot andDean Judson.After an informal reception upon the piazza of theQuadrangle Clubhouse the guests passed to the dinnertables. After dinner President Harper called uponmany guests for brief remarks. Toasts were respondedo very heartily by representatives of sister universi-General University Meetings.Instead of the usual monthly meetings of the severalschools there will be held during the Summer QuarterGeneral University Meetings of all Divisions of TheUniversity* once a week. The next meeting will be onWednesday, August 5, at 1:30 p.m., in Chapel, CobbLecture Hall.Address by Professor Geo. T. Ladd, D.D., LL.D.,on " The Benefits of Philosophical Study for theStudent of Literature."On August 12, the meeting will be addressed by ThePresident. ties. Professor Goodale, Professor Barnes, ProfessorsForbes and Burrill, Professor McMurrich, ProfessorMcBride and Professor Holmes all brought greetingsfrom their respective institutions.For the biological faculties of The University ofChicago Professors Whitman, Loeb, Jordan andCoulter expressed the deep gratitude aud pleasurefelt by all, and the health of Miss Culver was drunkin water " uncontaminated by any organisms." Theabsent distinguished member of the biological faculty,Professor Donaldson, was remembered and a healthproposed to his quick and complete recovery.Professor Chamberlain spoke for the non-biologicalsubjects of Natural History and showed how intimatelyrelated were all sciences and how each must help theother, or the stories of Dame Nature will be but halftold. Professor Judson represented for The Universityat large the pleasure all had in the good fortune of thebiological departments. Mr. D. L. Shorey spoke forthe trustees.Finally President Harper told very simply the storyof the gift, of its unexpectedness, of its coming entirelyunsolicited and the manner in which it relieved thepressing wants and satisfied the most sanguine hopesof the departments concerned. At last late in theevening he announced that Miss Culver would say afew words. Then with the guests standing in theirplaces at the tables, Miss Culver expressed veryquietly her pleasure and satisfaction in being able todo what she could for the cause of higher educationand modestly claimed for herself only the credit ofbeing an agent in carrying out what she felt wouldhave been the desires of the man whose name thelaboratories are to bear, Mr. C. J. Hull. B. M. D.Office Hours of the Deans.SUMMER QUARTER.For all Graduate Students : Dean Judson. Cobb Hall,Room 9 A. 11:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m., Tuesday-Friday.For men in the Senior Colleges and UnclassifiedStudents: Dean Terry. Cobb Hall, Boom 4 A. 8:30to 9:30 a.m., Tuesday-Friday.For men in the Junior Colleges : Dean Capps.Cobb Hall, Boom 4 A. 9:30 to 10:30 a.m., Tuesday-Friday.For women in the Colleges and Unclassified Students: Dean Bulexey. Cobb Hall, Boom 4 A. 5:00©ffictal actions, Notices, anir Reports*OFFICIAL NOTICES.292 UNIVERSITY RECORDto 6:00 p.m., Monday and Thursday; 11:30 a.m. to12:30 p.m., Tuesday and Friday.For all Divinity Students : Dean Johnson (Acting).Haskell Oriental Museum. 10:30 to 11:30 a.m., Tuesday-Friday.Registration for the Second Term.1. All students now in residence who expect to continue their work during the Second Term will registerduring the week from August 3 to August 7.2. Registration of students who have been in attendance during the First Term may be either for theentire Second Term or for the first three weeks, andterm bills will be rendered accordingly.3. Divinity, graduate and unclassified students will register with the Deans ; college students with theirrespective Division Officers.4. The office hours of the Deans during registrationweek are given below. The hours of Division Officerswill be posted on the bulletin boards.Divinity students: Dean Johnson, Haskell Museum,Tuesday to Friday, 10:30-11:30.Graduate students : School of Arts and Literature,Dean Judson, Cobb Hall, Room A 9, Tuesday to Friday, 11:30-12: 30. Ogden (graduate) School of Science,(acting) Dean Jordan, Kent Hall.Unclassified students (men): Dean Terry, Cobb Hall,Boom A 4, Tuesday to Friday, 8:30-10:00.Unclassified students (women): Dean Bulkley, CobbHall, Boom A 4, Monday and Thursday, 5:00-6:00;Tuesday and Friday, 11:30-12:30.Senior Colleges.Chairman Division 1. — Leon Alschuler.Division 2.— Wilbur Wheeler Bassett.Division 3. — Burt Brown Barker.Division L — Clinton Stilwell Beach.Division 5. — Robert Bingham Meloy.Division 6. — Harry Fuller Atwood. The Student Councils.Junior Colleges.Chairman, Frederick Day Nichols.Division 1. — Demia Butler.Division 2. — Marcus Peter Frutchey.Division 3.— Cecil Page.Division 4. — Maurice Brown Lee.Division 5. — Abraham Alcon Ettelson.Division 6.— Dudley G. Hays.Alschuler, LeonGarver, R. C.Jackson, Cora B.Bassett, W. W.Campbell, J. T.Drew, W. P.Atwood, W. W.Barker, B. B.Batt, MaxBond, W. S.Cary, C. P.Arbogast, W. H.Baylor, AdelaideBeach, C. S.Chapin, LillianDavis, P. B.Fish, Leila G.Beers, Ethel E.Bird, Grace E.Broughton, W. S.Capen, Charlotte B.Fogg, Emily Senior Colleges.Division 1.lessen, KarlD.McNeal, Edgar H.Division 2.Hewitt, Henry H.Peterson, H. A.Division 3.Dickerson, S. C.Fairfield, O. P.Fulcomer, ElnoraGrifl&th, P. M.Linn, J. W.Division 4.Gardner, Effie A.Griswold, Harry H.Guthrie, Emily W.Gwin, J. M.Henderson, W. M.Lovejoy, Mary E.Division 5.Ford, MargaretJanssen, R. J.Meloy, R. B.Nelson, Jessie L.Olmsted, Cornelia The Student Divisions.(Revised.)Summer Quarter, 1896.Moore, Carrie S.Moore, R. B.Vaughan, L. B.Wiley, H. D.Perkins, MaryTrumbull, D. S.Wescott, F. H.Yarzembski, V.Martin, E. W.Mosser, S. C.Norwood J.Thompson, Helen B.Trowbridge, Carl H.Pienkowsky,Rabb, R. M.Rand, P.Shaklee, A. O. A.T. Atwood, H. F.Clough, GratiaFyfe, J. L.Hale, W. B.Bishop, W. R.Branson, Edward R.Brown, J. S.Butler, DemiaFesler, M. R.Goodman, C. A.Arnold, O. J.Bardwell, VirginiaBeers, A. E.Campbell, H. B.Dickerson, MaryFlanders, K. F.Flint, N. W.Frutchey, M. P.Andrews, Kath.Barton, Alvin L.Boruff, R. R.Chase, C. W. Division 6.Maybach, S. P.McDonald, H. W.Rice, Inez D.Junior Colleges.Division 1.Greenebaum, J. C.Hays, Ella M.Hubbard, H. D.Hurlburt, D. G.Ickes, H. L.Jokisch, Harry J.Division 2.s, J. H. P.Grant, ForestHannan, LouiseKern, W. C.Martin, HelenMclntyre, M. D.Melton, B. B.Minnick, A.Division 3.Cipriani,Charlotte J.Clark, ZelmaCoy, Harry Robson, AliceSabin J. H.Wright, Laura M.Jordan, H. R.Metcalf, G. C. S.Nichols, F. D.Rubel, M.Simpson, B. J.Pratt, J. G.Russell, L. M.Slimmer, M. D.Smith, A. W.Spiegel, M. J.Tilton, ClaraWaterbury, I. CWilson, W. T.Cresap, E. B.Ebersole, A. A.Giles, F. M.Hall, JennieUNIVERSITY RECORD 293Harding, SusanHibbard, H. V.Hunter, PearlLaw, R., Jr.Berger, M. I.Clarke, M. G.Clissold, StellaCohen, M.Cooke, Jane Lowy, W. D.Metcalf , G. C.Page, CecilPatterson, T. H.Division 4.Dornheim, J. L.Greenleaf, C. D.Hitchcock, ClaraHoyne, T. T.Lee, M. B. Seavey, Harriet L.Sisson, F. M.Teller, CharlotteWeber, Chas.Murphy, A. L.Parker, MarillaRobinson, ElizaStieg, BerthaTemple ton, Carrie Byers, N. E.Ettelson, A. A.Hall, G. P.Hollis H. S.Beckman, F. S.Bunker, P. S.Carringron, J. B.Clark, Nora A.Dow, Helen Division 5.King, SallieMills, W. M.Schaffner, W.Slye, MaudDivision 6.Dunning, W. E.Hays, Dudley G.Hull, SusieJohn, R. S.Newbegin, E. W. Thomas, H. B.Walsh, J. J.Wilson, Mabel K.O'Brien, NellieReynolds, AzileRyan, E.Van Vlissingen, H.Thomas, H. E. P.Stye Sinibersttg,INSTRUCTION.Departmental Announcements.1A. PHILOSOPHY..Professor Geo. T. Ladd, D.D., LL.D., delivers acourse of public lectures on " The Philosophy of Religion." The topics of the lectures next week will beas follows:Freedom, August 4.The Destiny of Man, " 5.Immortality, " 6.The Kingdom of God, " 7.Chapel, Cobb Lecture Hall, at 3:00 p.m.III. POLITICAL SCIENCE.The Club of Political Science and History willmeet Wednesday, August 5, at 8:00 p.m. in the FacultyBoom, Haskell Oriental Museum.Paper by Head Professor Judson, " Some Defectsin the Federal Constitution."Open meeting ; all are invited.VI. SOCIOLOGY.Associate Professor C. R. Henderson deliversthe last public lecture of his course on the followingtopic :Movement of Democracy in this Century.Process of Socializing Welfare, August 6.Assembly Room, Haskell Oriental Museum, at 5: 00 p.m.The Sociology Club will meet Tuesday, August 4,at 8:00 p.m., in Faculty Room, Haskell Museum. Professor Earl Barnes will speak on the subject, "TheChild as a Social Factor."VIII. SEMITIC.Dr. James H. Breasted delivers weekly lectures on" History and Civilization of Egypt," Fridays, at 8:00p.m., Kent Theater. These are the topics and dates : The New Empire, August 7.Egyptian Art, " 14.Egyptian Literature, " 21.The lectures are illustrated with the stereopticon.No lecture in this course will be given July 31.XL GREEK.The Voluntary Reading Class in Greek will meetregularly during the summer under the direction ofMr. Capps, on Fridays, at 4 p.m., in B 2, Cobb LectureHall.XII. LATIN.A series of Conferences for Teachers is heldweekly on Wednesdays, at 4:00 p.m., in Cobb LectureHall, under the direction of Assistant Professor F. J.Miller.XIII. ROMANCE.Assistant Professor Geo. C. Howland deliversthe following public lectures on "Italian Literature "on successive Tuesdays, at 5: 00 p.m., in Lecture Room,Cobb Lecture Hall.Machiavelli, August 4.Tasso, " 11.The Court of Urbino, " 18.Public Lectures are given in French on " Littera-ture frangaise," by Dr. Rene de Poyen-Bellisle, onsuccessive Thursdays at 5: 00 p.m., in Lecture Room,Cobb Lecture Hall. These are the subjects and dates :Le Theatre Contemporain, August 6.La poesie d'aujourd'hui, " 13.XIV. GERMAN.Public lectures are delivered by instructors of theGermanic Department during the Summer Quar-294 UNIVERSITY RECORDter on Mondays, at 4:00 p.m., Lecture Room, CobbLecture Hall, as follows :Associate Professor Cutting.1. Lessing im Verhaltnis zur Geistesent-wicklung Deutschlands, August 3.2. Stellung und Ideale des schwabischenDichterkreises, August 10.Dr. Dahl.1. Ibsen's Social Dramas, I, August 17.2. Ibsen's Social Dramas, II, " 24.XV. ENGLISH.Assistant Professor A. H. Tolman will give apublic lecture on "A View of the Views about Hamlet "on Friday, July 31, at 5:00 p.m., Chapel, Cobb LectureHall.XVI. BIBLICAL LITERATURE IN ENGLISH.Professor Rush Rhees will deliver the fourth lecture in his public lecture course on "The Psalms of thePharisees" on Tuesday, August 4, at 5: 00 p.m., Assembly Room, Haskell Oriental Museum.XVII. MATHEMATICS.The Mathematical Club meets in Ryerson PhysicalLaboratory, Room 35, Friday, August 7, at 7:45 p.m.Dr. Young: "On Irrational Numbers" (secondpaper).Voluntary Courses in Music.Wardner Williams, Instructor in Music.Elementary Vocal Music. — Tuesday, at 5:00 p.m.Harmony. — Monday and Thursday, at 8:30 a.m.Theory of Music. — Tuesday and Friday, at 8:30 a.m.• History of Music. — Wednesday, at 8:30 a.m.The riusical Lectures and Recitals.Musical Lectures and Recitals are given in KentThe University Chaplain.The University Chaplain, Associate ProfessorC. R. Henderson can be found, during his office hours,from 1:00 to 1:25 p.m. in C 2, Cobb Lecture Hall,Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday.The chaplain for the week: Monday, Aug. 3, toFriday, Aug. 7, will be Professor Rush Rhees.Chapel Service at 1:40 p.m. XVIII. ASTRONOMY.Professor E. E. Barnard delivers public lectureson "Recent Progress in Astronomy" on the followingdates :Stars and Nebulae, August 6.Comets and Meteors, " 13.The lectures will be given in Kent Theater at 8 p.m.,and are illustrated with the stereopticon.XXII. ZOOLOGY.Assistant Professor Edwin O. Jordan deliverstwo public lectures on "The Germ Theory of Diseaseand its Recent Developments " in Kent Theater, Friday, July 31, and Friday, August 7, at 5 : 00 p.m.XLII. NEW TESTAMENT INTERPRETATION.The New Testament Club will meet at the house ofProfessor Burton, 6071 Edgerton ave., Monday,August 3, at 8 p.m.Professor Rhees will read a paper on " The Relation of the Johannine to the Synoptic Picture ofJesus."DISCIPLES' DIVINITY HOUSE.Dr. Edward S. Ames, of the Disciples' DivinityHouse, delivers six public lectures on " The Place ofAlexander Campbell in Modern Theological Thought,"on Fridays, Room 36, Haskell Oriental Museum, 4:00p.m. to 6:00 p.m.Theater, Wednesday afternoons at 5:00 o'clock,throughout the year.A Lecture Recital was given Wednesday, afternoon,July 29, by Mr. W. Waugh-Lauder — Subject: "Liszt.A Song-Recital will be given Wednesday afternoon.August 5, by Mr. L. Gaston-Gottschalk.Vesper Service.Vesper Service, Sunday, Aug. 2, will be conductedby Head Professor A. W. Small, who will speak on"Religion as Idealized Worldliness." Kent Theater,at 4:00 p.m.Church Services.Hyde Park Baptist Church (Corner Woodlawn avenue and56th street) — Rev. N. S. Burton, Acting Pastor. Preachingservices at 11:00 a.m. and 7:45 p.m. Bible School and YoungMUSIC.RELIGIOUS.UNIVERSITY RECORD 295Men's Bible Class, at 9:30 a.m. Young People's Society ofChristian Endeavor Monday Evening, at 7:45. Week-dayPrayer Meeting Wednesday evening at 8 : 00.Hyde Park M. E. Church (corner Washington avenue and 54thstreet)— Rev. Me. Leonard, Pastor, will conduct services Sunday, at 10:45 a.m. and 7:30 p.m. ; General Class Meeting at 12:00H. ; Sunday School at 9:30a.m.; Epworth League at 6: 30 p.m.;General Prayer Meeting, Wednesday, at 7 : 45 p.m.University Congregational Church (corner 56th street andMadison avenue)— Rev. Nathaniel I. Rubinkam, Ph.D., PastorPreaching Services at 11 : 00 a.m. No evening services during thesummer. Sabbath School and Bible Classes at 9 : 45 a.m. ; JuniorYoung People's Society of Christian Endeavor at 3:30 p.m.;Senior Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor at 6 : 45 p.m. ;Wednesday Devotional Hour, at 8 : 00 p.m.Hyde Park Presbyterian Church (corner Washington avenueand 53d street) — Rev. Hubert C. Herring, Pastor. PublicChurch Services at 10 : 45 a.m., and 7 : 30 p.m. ; Sunday School atDuring the week ending July 28, 1896, there hasbeen added to the Library of The University a totalnumber of 434 books from the following sources :Books added by purchase, 404 vols.Distributed as follows :General Library, 196 vols.; Philosophy, 4 vols.; Pedagogy, 4 vols.; Political Economy, 1 vol.; PoliticalScience, 1vol.; History, lvol.; Classical Archaeology, 2 vols.; Sociology, 1 vol. ; Sociology (Divinity)1 vol.; Semitics 2 vols.; Latin, 1 vol.; English, 165ffiumtitProfessor Barrows.Professor John Henry Barrows, who is now inGermany, expects to arrive in India by the fifteenthof December and to give three months to his missionary addresses there. His work in India has so widenedthat he has abandoned the plan of going with a party.It will be impossible to harmonize his work and hisprolonged stay with the wishes of excursionists. Themonth of October Dr. and Mrs. Barrows will spendin London, Paris and Italy. During November theyexpect to make, with a party, a cruise of the Mediter- 12 : 00 m. ; Junior Endeavor Society at 3 : 00 p.m. ; Young People'sSociety of Christian Endeavor at 6 : 45 p.m. ; Mid-week PrayerMeeting, Wednesday, at 7 : 45 p.m.Woodlawn Park Baptist Church (corner of Lexington avenueand 62d street) — W. R. Wood, Pastor. Bible School at 9 : 30 a.m. ;Worship and Sermon at 11 a.m.; Young People's DevotionalMeeting at6:45.P.M; Gospel Service with Sermon at 7: 30 p.m..General Devotional Meeting, Wednesday evening, at 7:45. Allseats are free.Hyde Park Church of Christ (Masonic Hall, 57th street, eastof Washington avenue) — Services : Sunday at 11 : 00 a.m. ; SundaySchool at 9 : 45 a.m. Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor at 6 : 45 p.m. Preaching by Rev. H. L. Wlllett, Ph.D.St. PauVs Protestant Episcopal Church (Lake avenue, northof 50th street)— Rev. Charles H. Bixby, Rector. Holy Communion, 8 . 00 a.m. every Sunday, and 11 : 00 a.m. first Sunday ofeach month. Morning Prayer with Sermon, 11 : 00 a.m. Men'sBible Class at the close of the eleven o'clock service. SundaySchool, 3 :00 p.m.vols.; Geology, 3 vols.; Zoology, 13 vols.; Palseon-logy, 2 vols.; Botany, 4 vols.; Church History, 2vols.; Homiletics, 1 vol.Books added by gift; 29 vols.Distributed as follows :General Library, 16 vols.; Political Economy, 6 vols.,Classical Archaeology, 1 vol.; Sociology, 2 vols.,Latin, 3 vols.; Astronomy, 1 vol.Books added by Exchange for University Publications,1 vol., assigned to Sociology.3Ebwts,ranean, arranged by Dr. Lunn, visiting Athens, Constantinople, the Holy Land and Egypt.Reception to the Zlichigan Club.All persons connected with The University of Chicago, who have been students or instructors in a college or in the University, in Michigan, are cordiallyinvited to attend an informal reception to the Michigan Club of The University of Chicago, to be givenMonday evening, August 3, at 8:00 p.m., at the home ofProfessor Charles Chandler, 5731 Monroe avenue.Several short addresses will be made.LIBRARIES, LABORATORIES, AND MUSEUMS.296 UNIVERSITY RECORDWbi Calntirat-July 31-August 7, 1896.Friday, July 31.Public Lectures :Professor George T. Ladd, on "Philosophy ofReligion," 3:00 p.m. (see p. 293).Assistant Professor Tolman on "A View ofthe Views about Hamlet," 5:00 p.m. (see p.294).Pedagogical Club, 8:00 p.m., Lecture Room, CobbHall.The Young Men's Christian Association, 6:45 p.m.Graduate Section, Assembly Room, HaskellMuseum; College Section, Snell Hall.Sunday, August 2.Vesper Service. Head Professor A. W. Small,4:00p.m. (seep. 294).Monday, August 3.Chapel.— 1: 40 p.m. (see p. 294).Public Lectures :Associate Professor Cutting on "Lessing,"4:00p.m. (seep. 294).Registration for the Second Term begins, (seep. 292).New Testament Club, 6071 Edgerton ave., 8:00p.m. (see p. 294).Reception to Michigan Club, 4731 Monroe ave.,8:00 p.m., (seep. 295).Tuesday, August 4., Chapel.— 1:40 p.m.Public Lectures :Professor Geo. T. Ladd, on "Philosophy ofReligion," 3: 00 p.m. (see p. 293).Professor Rush Rhees, on "Psalms of thePharisees," 5:00 p.m. (see p. 294).Assistant Professor Geo. C. Howland, on" Italian Literature," 5:00 p.m. (see p. 293).Sociology Club, Faculty Room, Haskell Museum,8:00 p.m. (seep. 293).Divinity School Prayer Meeting, Lecture Room,Cobb Lecture Hall, 6:45 p.m. Wednesday, August 5.General University Meeting, Chapel, Cobb LectureHall, 1:30 p.m. (see p. 291).Public Lectures :Professor Geo. T. Ladd, on " Philosophy ofReligion." 3: 00 p.m. (see p. 293).Club of Political Science and History, FacultyRoom, Haskell Museum, 8:00 p.m. (see p. 293).Conference for Teachers of Latin, Lecture Room,Cobb Hall, 4: 00 p.m. (see p. 293).Song Recital, Kent Theater, 5:00 p.m.Thursday, August 6.Chapel. — 1 : 40 p.m.The Young Women's Christian Association,Assembly Room, Haskell Museum, 12: 30 p.m.Public Lectures :Professor George T. Ladd, on " Philosophy ofReligion," 3: 00 p.m. (see p. 293).Dr. Rene de Poyen-Bellisle, on " Litteraturefrangaise," 5:00 p.m. (see p. 293).Associate Professor C. R. Henderson, on"Movement of Democracy in this Century,"5:00 p.m. (seep. 293).Professor Barnard on "Recent Progress inAstronomy" 8:00 p.m. (see p. 294).Friday, August 7.Chapel. — 1 : 40 p.m.Public Lectures :Professor George T. Ladd, on " Philosophy ofReligion," 3: 00 p.m. (see p. 293).Dr. Ames, on "Alexander Campbell," 4:00 p.m.(see p. 294)..Assistant Professor Jordan on "The GermTheory of Disease," 5:00 p.m. (see p. 284).Dr. James H. Breasted, on " History and Civilization of Egypt," 8:00 p.m. (see p. 293).The Young Men's Christian Association, 6: 45 p.m.Graduate Section, Assembly Room, HaskellMuseum; College Section, Snell Hall.Pedagogical Club, Lecture Room, Cobb LectureHall, 8:00 p.m.Mathematical Club, Ryerson Physical Laboratory, 7:45 p.m. (see p. 294).Material for the UNIVERSITY RECORD must be sent to the Recorder by WEDNESDAY, 12:00 M.9in order to be published in the issue of the same week.