Price $1,50 Pet Year Single Copies 5 CentsCHICAGOTOe Wnivetsit^ of Cbicago picssVOL I., NO. 13. PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY AT 3 Pi JUNE 265 1896.CONTENTS.I. Addresses and Papers - 217-218" Growth of Administrative Efficiency,"by C. S. Loch." Civil Service Reform in Chicago,"by Emily Fogg. II. The University -Instruction ; Religious ;Libraries, Laboratories, and Museums.III. The Calendar - 219220Entered in the postoffice Chicago, Illinois, as second-class matter.awireases attii papers.Growth of Administrative Efficiency,*By C. S. Locih, Secretary of the Charity Organization Society of London.During the present century there has been greatadvancement in the growth of the administrativeefficiency of the means of dealing with the problemsof poverty. Sociology in its broadest sense is thescience of social life. Man is a social animal, and thehuman world as a world is necessarily under the kinship of " alliance." It is through a clearer and morecomprehensive view of this great fact that advancement must come. Sociology imparts a larger scope ofconsiderations than either politics or economics.They work with the more particular problems, whilesociology takes up the more general, although individual, problems of humanity.If we use the word sociology by implication wemust use the historical method. The study of thepast is the study of the indications of the future, asthe stem is the future of the branch.In which of two forms is experience applicable toparticular problems? "Where there is similarity ofconditions our former experience may be utilized, andwhere there is difference of conditions we can learnfrom the experience of others. Tramps, the workhouse, the poorhouse question, and sanitation wouldall come under the first head ; while with immigrationand the growth of new national characteristics therewould be large room for divergence.Charity was the forerunner of administrative effort. The beginning of this century was a period of socialdilapidation and " pusillanimous civility." But JohnHoward, Mrs. Fry, Thomas Bernard and Count Rum-ford inaugurated principles of reform and regeneration of social ideals that have gained continually inimportance and general recognition.Much has been done by cooperation through industrial and building societies. The ready penny isreceiving more recognition. There were in Englandand Wales in 1879 937 industrial societies, with a membership of 504,117, standard capital £5,374,119, andloaned to them £1,324,970. In 1893 there were 1333societies, with a membership of 1,057,816, standardcapital £12,666,533, and loaned to them £2,110,556.Legislative acts have done much to regulate factoryemployment, especially of children, and the educationof children that has entirely revolutionized the oldindustrial school, which looked mainly to the amountof the material output of the mills. Industrial changeand our centralization bring in important elements inpoor relief, cookery and sanitation, which must needsreceive close and careful attention.The formation of a habit, it must be noted, is beforea law is formed ; and the importance must be recognized of the relation of law to the general good. Thestate must look to regulation consistent with ourfree development.* Abstract of an address delivered before the Sociology Club, June 1, 1896.218 UNIVERSITY RECORDCivil Service Reform in Chicago.*By Emily. Fogg.The assassination of President Garfield brought thequestion of reform in the civil service prominentlybefore the public. Leading Chicagoans began at anearly date to organize with the purpose of advancingreform. The Citizens' Association appointed a corn/mittee to take the subject into consideration. OnOctober 8, 1881 the Civil Service Reform League ofChicago came into existence. They began at once toissue documents in order to educate the people andcreate a sentiment in favor of reform. This leaguetwice fell into a state of lethargy, but at periods of itsactivity it presented bills to the legislature, and tookan interest in National Civil Service Reform and localpolitics.In 1893 the league almost succeeded in having abill passed by the Senate.A reform wave swept over the country in 1894,and careful preparations were made for aggressivework in' Illinois. The history of the efforts which succeeded in getting a civil service bill through thelegislature shows unusual devotion and skill on thepart of the leaders. Every possible influence wasexerted upon the members of the legislature, andlocal pressure was brought to bear upon the countrymembers through circular letters sent to their constituents. The Republicans who were in power weremade to feel that they must not be responsible for thefailure of the bill. Leading Chicagoans spent theirentire time in Springfield, when the bill was underconsideration in the Senate. It was finally passedMarch 20 and signed by the governor on the same day,just in time to make it possible to use it at theapproaching mayoralty election in Chicago.A most remarkable campaign was now conducted inChicago. It was non-partisan in spirit, educationalin character and was led by disinterested, enthusiasticmen. A campaign committee of twenty-five wasformed, which was subdivided into smaller committees. Speeches were made at all political meetings,in favor of the law, newspapers were furnished material and urged to advocate the law, noon-day assemblages of employe's were addressed, policemen andfiremen were assembled at their quarters and shownthe nature of the law, prominent clubs held meetingsand ministers preached sermons instructing their congregations to vote it.This was the first time a civil service law had beenput to popular vote. It was carried on April 2 by amajority of 50,000. The analysis of the vote showsthat the intelligent voters were in favor of the lawwhile the illiterate and foreign element were against it. If it had not been found necessary at Springfieldfor the success of [the bill, to add a clause giving themayor ninety days in which to appoint the commissioners, Chicago might have had a more brilliantbeginning for the reform than any other city.The provisions of the Illinois law which make itsuperior to any other are : (1) The requirement thatall promotions should be on the basis of seniority andmerit ; (2) the control of removals ; the certification ofthe highest on the list for original entrance to theclassified service ; the examination of laborers ; andthe absence of non-competitive and excepted places.The mayor appointed a satisfactory commission andand proclaimed the law on July 1, and after carefulstudy and visit by the president of the commission toBoston and Washington at the personal expense ofthe commission, the rules and regulations were adoptedand put in form August 26.Prom September 1 to May to 1, seventy-nine examinations have been held, including promotions throughout the fire department. The commission now haveeligible lists for the most important positions in theofficial service, and also for skilled and unskilledlaborers. Over two hundred positions have been filledas the result of competitive examinations. This number does not include laborers who have been giventemporary employment at various times.The limits of the jurisdiction of the commissionhave not yet been decided. The case of the employesof the Board of Education (excepting teachers andsuperintendents) will go to the courts for decision.The former employes in the service of the citywhen the law went into effect are within the classifiedservice. They alone are subject to promotion; theyare protected by the clause forbidding political assessments and thus tenure of employment is strengthenedby the fact that upon their removal the appointingpower can no longer appoint or remove without theconsent of the commission.The mayor and heads of departments bear testimony to the relief from importunity of office-seekers ;the departments receiving candidates as the result ofexaminations become more efficient ; and assessmentsfor political purposes are forbidden.Other cities are looking with interest towards theexperiment in Chicago. Chicago herself is havingan opportunity to lay the foundation of futuremunicipal reforms. The Civil Service Commissionhas been most efficient and the good work will continue, if the citizens take proper interest and renderintelligent and substantial support.* Abstract of a paper read before the Club of History and Social Science, June 10, 1896.UNIVERSITY RECORD 219INSTRUCTION.Departmental Announcements.VI. SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY.Students who wish to have experience in work withthe Chicago Bureau of Charities, under the guidanceof Dr. P. W. Aybes, Secretary, may confer with Associate Professor Henderson.XXVI. PALEONTOLOGY.The following courses will be given in WalkerMuseum, 3d floor, during the Summer Quarter by Dr.E. C. Case, Assistant in Palaeontology :17. Vertebrate Palaeontology. Mj. Monday-Wednesday, and Friday, 9:30-10:30.18. Vertebrate Morphology. M. First Term, Tuesday and Thursday, 9:30-10:30. Laboratory, Saturday, 9:30-11:30. 19. Human Osteology. M.and Thursday, 9:30-10:30.9:30-11:30. Second Term, TuesdayLaboratory, Saturday,XXVII. BOTANY.An opportunity will be given to make a study of theFlora of Chicago and vicinity during the First Term ofthe Summer Quarter. The work will consist chieflyof field excursions to points of botanical interesttogether with laboratory study and identification ofthe specimens collected. Any who may desire to takesuch work are requested to consult with Mr. Henry C.Cowles at the Botanical Laboratory, Walker Museum,3d floor.RELIGIOUS.Ctsaircti Services.Hyde Park Baptist Clwrch (Comer Woodlawn avenue and56th street) — Preaching services at 11:00 a.m. and 7:30 p.m.Bible School and Young Men's Bible Class, conducted by Professor Shailer Mathews, at 9:45 a.m. Week-day prayer meetingWednesday evening at 7 : 45.Hyde Park M. E. Church (corner Washington avenue and 54thstreet)— Rev. Mb. Leonard, Pastor, will conduct services Sunday, at 11:00 a.m. and 7:30 p.m. ; General Class Meeting at 12:00m. ; Sunday School at 9:30 a.m.; Epworth League at 6: 30 p.m.;General Prayer Meeting, Wednesday, at 7 : 45 p.m.University Congregational Church (corner 58th street andMadison avenue) — Rev. Nathaniel I. Rtjbinkam, Ph.D., PastorPreaching Services at 11:00 a.m. and 7:30 p.m. Sabbath Schooland Bible Classes at 9 : 45 a.m. ; Junior Young People's Society ofChristian Endeavor at 3 :30 p.m.; Senior Young People's Societyof Christian Endeavor at 6 : 30 p.m. ; Wednesday Devotional Hour,at 8 :00 p.m.Hyde Park Presbyterian Church (corner Washington avenueand 53d street)— Rev. Hubert C. Herring, Pastor. PublicChurch Services at 10 : 30 a.m., and 7 : 45 p.m. ; Sunday School at12 : 00 M. ; Junior Endeavor Society at 3 : 00 p.m. ; Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor at 6:45 p.m.; Mid-week PrayerMeeting, Wednesday, at 7 : 45 p.m.Woodlawn Park Baptist Church (corner of Lexington avenueand 62d street) — W. R. Wood, Pastor. Bible School at 9 : 30 a.m. ;Worship and Sermon at 11 A.M.; Young People's DevotionalMeeting at6:45p.M; Gospel Service with Sermon at 7: 30 p.m..General Devotional Meeting, Wednesday evening, at 7 : 45. Allseats are free.Hyde Park Church of Christ (Masonic Hall, 57th street, eastof Washington avenue) — Services : Sunday at 11 : 00 a.m. ; EveningService at 7:30. Sunday School at 9:45 a.m. Young People'sSociety of Christian Endeavor at 6 : 45 p.m. Preaching by Rev.H. L. Willett, Ph.D.St. PauVs Protestant Episcopal Church (Lake avenue, northof 50th street) — Rev. Charles H. Bixby, Rector. Holy Communion, 8.00 a.m. every Sunday, and 11:00 a.m. first Sunday ofeach month. Morning Prayer with Sermon, 11 : 00 A.M. ChoralEvening Prayer. 7 : 30 p.m. Men's Bible Class at the close of theeleven o'clock service. Sunday School, 3 : 00 p.m.Unitarian Services.— Rev. W. W. Fenn, of the first UnitarianChurch, will speak every Sunday afternoon at 4:00 o'clock, atMasonic Hall, 276, 57th street. Students and friends are cordiallyinvited.LIBRARIES, LABORATORIES, AED MUSEUMS.During the week ending June 23, 1896, there hasbeen added to the Library of The University a totalnumber of 210 books from the following sources :Books added by purchase, 175 vols.Distributed as follows :General Library, 3 vols.; Philosophy, 23 vols.; Political Economy, 7 vols.; Political Science, 4 vols.;History, 21 vols.; Archaeology, 3 vols.; Sociology,1 vol.; Sociology (Folk Psychology), 8 vols.; Sociology (Divinity School), 4 vols.: Anthropology, 6vols.; Comparative Religion, 6 vols.; Semitic, 13 vols.; New Testament, 4 vols.; Comparative Philology, 11 vols.; Greek, 5 vols.; Latin and Greek,1 vol.; German, 7 vols.; English, 1 vol.; Geology,2 vols.; Palaeontology, 29 vols.; Church History, 5vols. ; Morgan Park Academy, 11 vols.Books added by gift, 29 vols.Distributed as follows :General Library, 27 vols.; Greek, 1vol.; Music, 1vol.Books added by exchange for University Publications6 vols.Assigned to Political Economy, 6 vols.220 UNIVERSITY RECORDWtyt Calendar,June 30 — July 5, 1896.Tuesday, June 30.Matriculation and Registration of Incoming Students, 9:00 A.M.-4: 00 p.m.Annual Dinner of the Associated Alumni, Chapel,Cobb Lecture Hall, 6:00 p.m.Wednesday, July 1.The Graduate Matutinal, 8:00 a.m.Matriculation and Registration of Incoming Students, 8:30 a.m.-3:00 p.m.First Presentation of the Synagogue Service ofthe times of Christ, Assembly Room, HaskellOriental Museum, 10:30 a.m.Twenty men in Oriental costume using the HebrewLanguage and old Hebrew chants. (Admission only byspecial ticket) .University Luncheon to the Associated Alumni,Chapel, Cobb Lecture Hall, 12:30 p.m.Convocation Chapel Service, Kent Theater, 1:30p.m.Annual Business Meetings of the AssociatedAlumni, 2:00 p.m.The Fifteenth University Convocation, Convocation Tent, 3:00 p. ,m.Procession.Address by the Rev. Professor George Adam Smith,D.D., Free Church College, Glasgow, Scotland.Conferring of Degrees.The President's Quinquennial Statement.Second Presentation of the Synagogue Service,Convocation Tent, 8:30 p.m.The President's Reception, President's House,8:30-11:00 p.m.Thursday, July 2.Dedication of Haskell Oriental Museum.The Lectures and Recitations of the SummerQuarter begin, 7:30 a.m.Matriculation and Registration of Incoming Students, 9:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m.Archgeological Conference. Address by Professor David G. Lyon, Ph.D., Harvard University. Assembly Room, Haskell OrientalMuseum, 9:00 a.m.Comparative-Religion Conference. Address byProfessor A. V. Williams Jackson, L.H.D.,Ph.D., Columbia University. Assembly Room,Haskell Oriental Museum, 11:00 a.m.Division Council Meeting of Senior and JuniorColleges, 12:30 p.m.Chapel Service, Chapel, Cobb Lecture Hall, 1:40p.m.Biblical Conference. Address by the Rev. Professor George Adam Smith, D.D., Free ChurchCollege, Glasgow, Scotland. Assembly Room,Haskell Oriental Museum, 2:00 p.m. Formal Presentation and Acceptance of HaskellOriental Museum, Convocation Tent, 4:00 p.m.Presentation, Associate Professor George S. Good-speed, The University of Chicago.Acceptance, The President of The University.Dedicatory Address, Professor Emil G. Hirsch, TheUniversity of Chicago.Dedicatory Prayer, the Rev. William H. P. Faunce,D.D., New York City.Formal Opening of Haskell Oriental Museum andReception to visiting Oriental Scholars, 8:30-11: 00 p.m.Friday, July 3.Laying of the Corner Stones of the Hull Biological Laboratories.Chapel Service, Chapel, Cobb Lecture Hall, 1:40P.M.Address — Professor George Lincoln Good ale,M.D., LL.D., Harvard University, 3:00 p.m.Statement by the President of The University.Corner-Stone Addresses :Zoological Laboratory,Head Professor Charles O. Whitman.Botanical Laboratory,Head Professor John M. Coulter.Physiological Laboratory,Associate Professor Jacques Loeb.Anatomical Laboratory,Head Professor Henry H. Donaldson.Prayer, Professor Charles R. Henderson, the Chaplain of The University.Military Concert, the First Regiment Band, Convocation Tent, 8:00 p.m.Saturday, July 4.Independence Day; a National Holiday.Religious Meeting. Addresses by the Rev. William H. P. Faunce, D.D., New York City, andthe Rev. Professor George Adam Smith, D.D.,Glasgow, Scotland. Chapel, Cobb Lecture Hall,9:00 a.m.Presentation to The University of the NationalColors by the First Infantry, Illinois NationalGuard. Address of Presentation by Col. H. L.Turner. Response by the President of TheUniversity, 11:00 a.m.Oration, " The Conditions and Prospects of Democracy," Professor Bernard Moses, Ph.D., TheUniversity of California. Convocation Tent,11:30 a.m.Sunday, July 5.Convocation Sermon. The Rev. ProfessorGeorge Adam Smith, D.D., Glasgow, Scotland.Convocation Tent, 11:00 a.m.Convocation Vespers. Address by the Rev. William H. P. Faunce, D.D., New York City.Convocation Tent, 4:00 p.m.Material for the UNIVERSITY RECORD must be sent to the Recorder by WEDNESDAY, 12:00 M.in order to be published in the issue of the same week.