Price $1L5Q Per Year Single Copies 5 CentsCHICAGO^be Tdriipef6it^ of Qhicugo ©tessVOL !., NO. 3. PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY AT 3 P.M. APRIL M, 1896.I. Addresses and Papers - 53-56" Patriotism " by Hermann Eduard von HoistII. Educational - 56-58Quarterly Meeting of Teachers of the Affiliated SchoolsIII. Official Actions, Notices, and Reports - 58-59IV. The University 59-66InstructionBy HermannI have been asked to address to you a few words onone of the most hackneyed subjects, a subject as oldand even older than the records of history handeddown to us in the dim shape of sagas and epic poetry,and therefore a subject which in the opinion of manyit is high time to cease speaking of — on patriotism.We boast of living in a progressive age, and justlyso. But are we equally sure that all our progress isin the right direction? It is not less absurd to claimthat an institution, an idea, a conviction, a maxim,must denote progress because it is new, than to claimthat it must be good and correct because it is old. Inthese times the latter notion is fast becoming a rarity,while the former is manifestly making headway withfearful rapidity; of the two delusions this one is, however, unquestionably fraught with infinitely greaterdangers. Those of whom this delusion has takenpossession (to such an extent that one is not merelytempted but compelled to ask, will they stop short ofanything?) do not count any more by thousands andtens of thousands, but by millions. They are the* Delivered before The University "NTS.LiteraryMusicReligiousLibraries, Laboratories, and MuseumsV. The University Extension Division - - 66VI. The University Affiliations . . . 66VII. The Alumni 67VIII. -The Calendar for the Week - - - 68Patriotism,*anil ilapers,iotism.*Eduard vora Moist.'1]would-be reconstructors of the whole economical andsocial structure evolved and transmitted to us by thepast ages. They propose completely to remould theworld according to what they, in the unfeigned infatuation of their ignorance, conceive to be new principleswhile they in fact attempt to screw it back to thesocial principles that have obtained with many people©at the time they had arrived at the dawn of civilization.In one most essential respect the more radicalamong them, in their progressive frenzy, rush backeven into much darker ages, and the masses, graduallybut steadily, drift down in the same direction. Wherein the times of yore socialistic communism in theform of communalism prevailed man had awakenedalready to the sentiment and even concept of patriotism. To the progressive barbarian of today patriotismhas become or is becoming a hoary phantom— a relic,if not of barbarism, at least of the narrow notions andbaseless superstitions born out of and befitting barbarism — an anachronistic obstruction in the way of54 UNIVERSITY RECORDprogress. His mind is too big to find room in onecountry, nothing but the world will do for him. Hefeels himself so intensely a man that he deems it atleast superfluous, if not positively demeaning, to feel^with any intensity as a German, a Frenchman, orwhatever nature has made him.Poor fool ! Poor indeed, for though what he has isforsooth in itself a great treasure, it is, by what he hasnot, turned into a curse. Midas was made to learn thatit is possible to be too rich, for he had nothing but gold,everything he touched turning into gold. The " manwithout a country," who is without a country becausethe vastness of his bosom can only be filled by theglobe, is a modern Midas, but his gold is the goldpainted by the sunbeam on the soap bubble. Cosmopolitanism with patriotism as a broad and solid foundation — the cosmopolitanism of a W. L. Garrison,whose intensity of patriotism made him shriek in fierceprotest : " My country is the world ; my countrymenare all mankind "— is truly a great thing. But cosmopolitanism without this foundation is fearfully aptto become, except for mischief, like the soap bubble,the more a glittering nothing, the more it is blown up.And though the cosmopolitan, who is above patriotism,is poorer than over-rich Midas, his folly even exceedshis poverty. He is as foolish as the lady, who wassuch a fervent worshiper of her own beauty, that theyear round from morn till night she would encase herbody only in gauzy ball toilets, buying chilly and sillydisplay at the price of comfort and warmth. The hotsun of summer scorched her unprotected arms and theicy winds of winter bit her bare shoulders none theless, because, in her own eyes, they excelled in shapeliness those of the Venus of Medici. Man always getsthe worse in running counter to the nature of things,and the philosophy of " so much • the worse for thefacts" never pays. And he is guilty of that who wouldeliminate patriotism from the human head and thehuman heart as a working force, and one of the mostpotential at that. So far from being what the biologists call an acquired quality, artificially pumped intothe thought and feeling of man by the conventional•delusion and self -deceptive humbuggery unthinkinglyhanded down from generation to generation, it is inborn and, if nature is but allowed to have its course,grows up with the child from the first breath it draws,provided it grows up in an intellectually and morallyhealthy atmosphere. We are not born and still lesscan we grow up simply as human beings. We enterthe world with a capital, bestowed upon us by naturein the shape of the typical characteristics of the stockwe come from in the germ — its typical characteristicswhich are the result of the evolutionary process it has undergone for generations and centuries underthe formative influence of all the concrete materialand immaterial conditions and circumstances it hasbeen placed in — and, the individual being an organiccomponent part of the people as a social body and abody politic, the development of those germs naturallyproceeds in conformity with its development, formingyear in and year out, unconsciously and consciously,new ligaments between the two and strengtheningthe old ones.The ethical resultant of this is what we call patriotism. It is as much a normal product as men andwomen are normal products, though not men andwomen, but only little mites of babies, are born. Certainly, the germ can be prevented from developinginto conscious patriotism, as, by lacing them betweenboards, the Chinese manage to cripple their women'sfeet and some savage tribes to deform their skulls.But civilized men and women without patriotism areas much intellectual and moral anomalies and deformities as those hapless victims of perverse notions ofbeauty are physically so. The decrying of and scoffing at patriotism by the cosmopolitan progressists isa grosser absurdity than the German Baron is guiltyof, who is said to intend to realize the millennium onsome South Sea island by making his colony dress inthe fashion Adam and Eve did before they meddledwith that fatal apple tree. To say that indulgence inpatriotism is incompatible with being animated bythe proper spirit towards mankind, is to say that onecannot be a good neighbor and citizen if one be deeplyattached to one's parents, wife, and children. Readthe proposition backward and you will come prettyclose to the truth. With ninety-nine out of everyhundred of these reformers, their cosmopolitanismis — though many of them are themselves not fullyaware of it — a false pretense, a convenient cloak tohide their indifference towards everything but dearself. Their egotism is so boundless that their countryplumps right through it, and they go in for man assuch, because with them man as such is only anotherformula for the first personal pronoun. The true cosmopolitan can have no more sincere and ardent wishthan that in every country true patriotism be as living,as vigorous, as active, as successful as possible, for thebetter each fares, the better the whole will and mustfare.Ay, true patriotism !About a year ago one of our students submitted tomy criticism an oration written for an intercollegiateoratorical contest, entitled "Higher patriotism." Imade the critical suggestions that occurred to me, butI did not state my principal objection, because itUNIVERSITY REG ORB 55would, in a way, have drawn a black line through hiswhole composition, for it was the title I inwardly protested against. If there be a higher patriotism, theremust be also a lower patriotism, and lower patriotism,I am very much afraid, will, upon closer inspection,always turn out to be a counterfeit, though not necessarily the kind of patriotism the wit had in mind, whosaid: "If a fellow has failed and suffered shipwreck ineverything, he turns patriot." I only know, on the onehand true and genuine, and on the other spurious,patriotism. The latter is as much a curse to a countryas the former is a bliss. Synonyms of the latter areChauvinism and Jingoism and its flag bears the inscription : "My country, whether right or wrong."The former changes this legend into: "Ever for mycountry, but doubly and trebly so, if it be wrong."True patriotism realizes that in the manifestations ofpatriotism, the " Hip, hip, hurrah ! " ought always tohold as subordinate a place as candy in the regularbill of fare of any sensible person, and that, if thecountry is wrong, it is just as proper to treat it to the" Hip, hip, hurrah ! " as it would be for a physician toprescribe for a person, suffering from acute or chronicindigestion, an extra pound of candy every day.Genuine patriotism is fully conscious that in thenature of things it must make uncompromising truthfulness its foundation. In this consciousness it findsthe courage to prove its really being ever for thecountry by sparing no efforts to make it see that it iswrong, when it is so, and to make it turn back intothe right path. What the oxygen in the air we breatheis to our bodies, is in genuine patriotism moral courage— the vitalizing element. To howl with the wolves isof course no proof against a man's patriotism, for thewolves do also howl at the right time and in the rightkey; but he who is alio ays found singing with them,is surely not possessed of that kind of patriotism onwhich the true greatness and happiness of nations arereared. The wolves are also often — the sovereigntyof the people and the vox populi, vox dei notwithstanding — terribly out of time and tune and frequentlyjust then, when they are themselves the most delightedwith their performances. Then it is for the genuinepatriot to rap their vocal organs the harder, the greatertheir number and the louder they sing. The test ofhis patriotism is, that he is able to brave the harshestcriticism, the fiercest denunciation, the most wantonobloquy, relentless persecution and, what to many,perhaps to most people is the hardest to brave — themost merciless ridicule. At the same time let himbeware not to furnish just cause for the latter form ofattack. Quixotism in the patriot's own tent is one ofthe enemies he has to fear the most. Ere he buckles on his armor and tilts his lance, let him make sure ofthe facts. To look the facts square in the face, thoughthey be ever so displeasing, is one of the patriot's primary duties — but really the facts, not mistaking flocksof sheep for armed knights and windmills for giants.But it is not every man's, nor, for that matter, everywoman's business either, to stand up as his or her fellow-citizens' teacher in questions of public concern.How are they to prove the genuineness of theirpatriotism, when the country is not in a great crisis asthe Civil War, nor even anything very special going onin regard to politics in the widest sense of the term ?The answer is very simple, but most comprehensive :let them do their duty. First let them be faithful intheir private vocation, whatever it may be, for anation's life is primarily and principally not its politics,but it consists, above all of what every one of themillions is and does. Directly and indirectly thisnecessarily tells with tremendous force upon publicaffairs, though it is not realized at every moment.Secondly, let them systematically foster, train, andapply their public spiritedness. What field theychoose for their efforts is in a sense indifferent. Letthem select it according to their inclinations andtalents. Whatever they do for the material, intellectual, or moral betterment of their fellow men — be it inever so narrow a circle — is a patriotic deed and aweight in the scales on the right side. Thirdly, letthem realize that politics in the widest sense of theterm is their business, and act accordingly, yes, theirbusiness— their interest as well as their duty. Thecivilized world over, in monarchies as well as in republics, democracy with irresistible force possesses herselfever more of the field. Democracies, however, aredrifting towards their doom, if they allow politics tobecome the bread-earning, specific vocation of somethousands more or less unscrupulous self-seekers.Democracies can be a success only so long and to theextent that the bulk of the people remain conscious ofthe fact that their public rights are and must be basedupon their public duties, and act accordingly. Whosoever fails to do so — though he be else the most estimable, nay the most meritorious man, imposes upon allhis fellow-citizens who do it, an unfair bargain — a bargain which, if it related to private affairs, he wouldhimself not hesitate for a moment to brand as a dishonest one, for it is all take and no give. But do notlet them lay the flattering unction to their souls, thatit is at least an advantageous bargain. A grosser delusion could hardly be conceived of. Everyone actingupon this maxim, induces, directly or indirectly, two,five, perhaps ten or even one hundred to do likewise,and if the percentage, acting upon it, become a large56 UNIVERSITY RECORDone, and if it consist principally just of those, who inother respects, economically, intellectually, morally,are the very salt of the nation's life, soon nothing elseis at stake than this very life itself. Their standingaloof with folded arms as passive lookers on, at themost, indulging privately in some scolding on the wickedness of politicians, does not sever them from thebody politic. Whether they want it or not, they remain integral organic parts of the commonwealth andconsequently are as necessarily affected by every disease gaining a lodgment in it, as the whole of the individual body is made to suffer by every diseased part.They are in every way made to pay their full share ofthe penalty: and often considerably more than whatwould be their due share, if the apportionment weremade upon a purely arithmetical calculation. Andvery properly and most justly so. More than the sinsof commission of the politicians and of those who allowthemselves to be guided by them, are their sins ofomission the primary cause of the evils besetting stateand society, and upon the whole they are the less excusable. At the close of the 19th century no civilizednation can put its full trust in that device of theold Romans, expressed in the solemn grand formula :"Let the consuls see to it that no harm befall the re-public." Ay certainly, the time has not come — it neverwill nor can come — when it will not be most essentialthat the consuls see to it. But it is certain that theywill, sooner or later, and gradually more and more failto do it, if the other formula be not added and assignedthe first place: Let the people see to it that no harm befall the commonwealth — not only in theory, but inpractice — not merely in an extraordinary crisis, whenthe much talked of reserve force must needs be calledout, but as they go, year in and year out and every day.If harm befall it, — if the nation fail to fulfill its destiny ,— if ruin overtake it, — if another Gibbon have to writethe history of its " decline and fall," — in the front rankof those who will stand accused of it before the j udgmentseat of history, before the judgment seat of the generations that have gone before as well as those that areto follow, ought to be put not those who did it butthose who did not prevent its being done.I must close. What can one say in a quarter of anhour on a subject like patriotism. If I have succeededin throwing out some suggestions, which will furnishyou food for reflection and investigation as studentsand as citizens, I think I have done all that could beexpected of me.Only one word more. In pondering what I shouldselect from the vast material offering itself, I tried to*pick out some points especially (though but indirectly)calculated to call your attention to what exceptionalopportunities are offered to youin this great institutionof learning to become not only highly educated menand women, or even scholars, but also good citizens,.i. e., genuine patriots; and on the other hand to thegrave duties and responsibilities laid upon you byhaving these exceptional opportunities offered to you^thanks to the patriotic public-spiritedness of those,who have called The University of Chicago into*being.3BftucatumaLQuarterly Meeting of Teachers of the Affiliated Schools.Faculty Room, Haskell Museum, 2:00 p.m., Saturday, April 11, 1896.The Quarterly Meeting of the Teachers of AffiliatedSchools of The University of Chicago was held withthe Administrative Board of University Affiliations, onSaturday, April 11, in the Faculty Room, HaskellMuseum, beginning at 2: 00 p.m.The following colleges and schools were represented by their instructors :The University op Chicago :President William R. Harper, Chairman.Associate Professor Goodspeed, Recorder.Assistant Professor F. J. Miller, Examiner ofAffiliations.Professor Rollin D. Salisbury, University Examiner. Associate Professor Edward Capps ; Assistant Prorf essors Alex. Smith, C. H. Moore ; Associate H*E. Slaught.Des Moines College.Dean Herbert Lee Stetson, President.Kalamazoo College.Dean A. G. Slocum, President.The Morgan Park Academy.Dean C. H. Thurber, Principal ; I. B. Burgess, R.H*Cornish, F. M. Bronson, W. J. Chase, A. R*Wightman, Luanna Robertson, Clara P. Anderson.UNIVERSITY RECORD 57The Harvard School.John C. Grant, Leon Liebard, W. H. Ford, SamuelLeland, E. O. Lyon.The Chicago Academy.Dean Charles W. Mann, Principal ; B. W. Jacquish,M. G. Derham.The South Side Academy.Dean E. O. Sisson, Principal ; Max Batt, O. J. Price,Wm. E. Whaley.The KENWOod. Institute.Dean John C. Grant, Principal ; Misses A. E. Butts,Elizabeth Faulkner, E. E. Greene, Frances M.Noble, T. L. Sherwood, A. E. Wadsworth ; Mr.William F. Tibbets.The Rugby School.Dean William R. Trowbridge, Principal.The Princeton- Yale School.Dean Hiram A. Gooch, Principal ; Charles T. Conger, B. von Kahlden, Albert Hippert, J. A. Bishop, Mr. Carolus Brenner.The first address was made by Dean John C. Grantof the Harvard School and Kenwood Institute, on" How to Mark the Term Average of Pupils."' Thepaper favored particularly the following points : (1)Marks should be made at the time of the recitation —preferably in cipher ; (2) A perfect recitation shouldreceive a perfect mark, 10 being usually the most convenient, and 1 should be the lowest differentiationbetween grades on class work ; (3) There should befrequent written exercises, which should have equalvalue with oral work.The whole tone of the paper tended to emphasizecare and accuracy in making up the term average.A symposium of five papers followed upon the topic:"The Fundamental Principles which Underlie theSetting of Examination Papers." The first paper onMathematics, was by Dean Schobinger of the Harvard School. In the absence of the writer, the paperwas read by Mr. Grant. The chief point urged herewas the condemnation of what the writer designatedas the "thimble-rig" of Algebra, mere juggling offorms, as opposed to that work, especially equationsand problems leading to equations, which calls out thehigher reasoning faculties. The questions must beconfined to essentials ; each question must be madeto cover a separate principle. Care should be takento avoid allowing too short a time for the completionof the task. Attention to neatness of work, should beinsisted upon, but it is doubtful whether this is ofany value when there has not been long and faithfultraining in "good form," previous to the examination. The second paper, by Professor R. H. Cornish ofMorgan Park Academy, discussed the setting of papersin science. The question necessarily goes back to thebroader one of methods of teaching ; and as in teaching, so in examining, there must be some memorywork, but more time and attention must be given tothe rational, constructive and imaginative processes.In original problems, too difficult questions must beavoided. In memory test questions, we must avoid onthe one hand, extremely specific and technical points,and on the other hand, such general and easy questions as would furnish no real test. The speaker madesuggestions with regard to particular sciences. Healso urged the use of laboratory work in examinations,and the setting of " honor " questions.The third paper of the series, by Dean Mann of theChicago Academy, treated of history examinations.This paper emphasized the fact that the examinationmust contain two kinds of questions, one to elicitknowledge of separate facts, the other to draw out thestudent's knowledge of history as a continuous storyand the relations of the parts as causes and effects.Questions ought also to cover the geographical, biographical, and chronological divisions of the subject.The outline map, to be filled in, was suggested as thebest examination in historical geography. The writerread and discussed two specimen papers ; one, whichrequired very wide knowledge on the part of thestudent — the other, consisting of questions whichalmost no one could fail to answer. The first wasrecommended although it might be too comprehensivein some cases.The fourth paper, on English, was read by Mr. OrloJ. Price of the South Side Academy. English ispeculiar in that it is studied constantly from childhood,used through life, is of boundless scope, and is conditioned largely by tastes and adaptations of unlimitedvariety. The examination must cover the ground ofcourse, of all previous school-training in English, andof that training which is gained outside of the school.Questions should test the student in (1) Ability to Interpret, (2) Power to write readable English (3) Knowledge of some of the masters of style (4) Knowledge ofthe great periods of the language (5) the facts of English history as they bear upon the literature.Miss Elizabeth Faulkner of Kenwood Institute presented the fifth paper, on Foreign Languages. Theaim of the examination is to test ability to use thelanguage ; and the best means is a set of questionscontaining (1) A passage not long nor hard, to be translated at sight. (2) Etymological and syntacticalquestions. (3) English sentences to be translated intothe foreign language ; these sentences ought to involve58 UNIVERSITY RECORDthe important constructions of the language. Theseand other important practical suggestions were illustrated by copies of questions which had actually beenset, in Caesar, and the Anabasis.After a brief general discussion of these papers, somequestions as to difficulties respecting affiliation wereconsidered. President Stetson of Des Moines College,and President Slocum of Kalamazoo College spoke ofpoints affecting their respective colleges. AssistantProfessor Miller announced that there would soon beThe Board of Trustees:Voted, that the fee for an extra (fourth) course inthe undergraduate departments shall be fifteen dollars (|15.00), this provision to go into effect July 1,1896. (January 2.)The Divinity Faculty:Voted, in respect to the present requirement of anexamination at the end of the second year :(1) That the present requirement for an examination at the end of the second year be cancelled.(2) That for this requirement the following regulations be substituted, (a) on completing the eighteenrequired majors, men desiring to be candidates for thedegree of D.B. shall, through the Dean, make application to the Faculty to be enrolled as such.{b) Men desiring to be candidates for the degree ofA.M. or the degree of Ph.D. shall make applicationthrough the head of the department in which theywish to do their principal work, (c) The final examination of the candidate for the degree of D.B. shallbe in the two departments in which he has done thelargest amount of work, (d) The final examination ofthe candidate for Ph.D. shall be in the departments in which he has done his principal and secondarywork. (March 21.)Voted, that the following minute be adopted :The late Rev. Justin A. Smith, D.D., for more thanforty years editor of our denominational paper, published in Chicago, now bearing the name of TheStandard, sustained, for a long period, very close andimportant relations with the Baptist Union Theological Seminary at Morgan Park, now the Divinity SchoolOFFICIALMeetings of Faculties and Boards.Faculty Room, Haskell Museum.April 18. The following are the regular and specialmeetings : published a full statement of the rules and principlesof affiliated work. He also emphasized the desire ofThe University for close sympathy and cooperation with the Affiliated Schools, and urged theencouragement of this relation by all possiblemeans.After important suggestions as to the next meeting,and announcements by Assistant Professor Miller ofarrangements for the May Convention, the meetingadjourned.Voted, that Mr. F. T. Gates of New York City bemade a Trustee of The University to succeed Judge J.M. Bailey, deceased.(April 14.)of The University of Chicago. The movement whichresulted in its organization was fostered and strengthened by his considerate and powerful influence. During its entire history he constantly aided it by hispersuasive editorial pen, and by his wise and hopefulcounsels in its Board of Trustees.For a considerable period he was also identified withits Faculty of Instruction, as a lecturer on some problems in ecclesiastical history. His lectures were avaluable contribution to historical literature. Theywere published in an attractive volume, and thustheir usefulness was rendered more permanent. Wemight speak of other books from his pen, which are ofequal, or perhaps, of greater value, like his judiciousand scholarly commentary on the Revelation, all inthe line of theological thought and investigation.But, without further specialization, we desire, bythis brief minute, to express our high appreciation ofthe wide and careful scholarship of our departedbrother and colleague, of his many years of untiringdevotion and labor on behalf of theological educationin the Northwest, of his catholic spirit, and, above all,of his exalted Christian character, whose crowningglory was self-forgetful love. This love was manifestly an expression of the love of Christ, which pervaded his whole being and dominated all its activities.(March 21.)NOTICES.The Board of University Affiliations at 8:30 a.m.The Faculty of the Junior Colleges at 8:30 a.m.The Faculty of the Senior Colleges, at 10: 00 a.m.The Divinity Faculty, at 11: 30 a.m.The University Senate at 11:45 a.m.©$Mal actions, Justices, an* MtpmU .OFFICIAL ACTIONS.UNIVERSITY RECORD 59Official Copies of the University Record.Official copies of the University Record for theuse of students may be found in the corridors andhalls of the various buildings in the University quadrangles. Students are requested to make themselvesacquainted with the official actions and notices of TheUniversity, as published from week to week in theUniversity Record.Hiddle Divinity House.Organization. — The Middle Divinity House wasorganized December 13, 1894. The officers are : Headof House, C. E. Woodruff; Counselor, Head- Professor E. D. Burton ; House Committee, Messrs. H. E.Miller, R. L. Bunyard, T. L. Ketman ; Secretary, H. E.Purinton ; Treasurer, D. I. Coon.Members.— Anderson, J. N.; Beyl, F. A.; Blodgett,J. F.; Bouroff, B. A.; Braam, J. W.; Bruce, P. P.;Bumstead, A.; Bunyard, R. L.; Carlson, W. E.; Cherry,T. T.; Coon, D. I.; Crawford, G. D.; Dean, F. A.;Ferrall, F. D.; Gurney, F. J.; Hatch, E. E.; Heuver,G. D.; Jenkins, Jos.; Jones, A. C; Johnson, A. L.;Joseph, P. J.; Ketman, T. L.; Lawrence. B. F.; Martinson, G. M.; Matthews, W. A.; Miller, H. C; Monroe,W. C; Myhrman, D.; Nicholas, E. S.; Okabe, Tiro ;Orams, W. T.; Philipps, D.; Proctor, J. T.; Purinton,H. E.; Robinson, S. R.; Smith, J. M. P.; Snowden,C. S.; Stiening, L. O.; Summers, M. A.; Terrell, O. J.;Van Kirk, H.; Wakeham, N.; Warner, J. E.; WTebster,J.L.; Welden, C. R. West, J. S.; Williams, M. B.;Williams, W. R.; Wood, J. F.; Woodruff, C. E.;Woods, F. W.Guests.— Allen, P. S.; Rullkoetter, W.VIII. SEMITICS.The Semitic Club meets at the residence ofPresident Harper, Tuesday, April 21, at 7: 30 p.m.Dr. George R. Berry on " An Interpretation ofthe Shiloh Passage," Gen. 49 : 10. flonthly Heeting.The Senior Colleges will hold their monthly meeting with the Faculty of the Senior Colleges on Wednesday, April 22, 12:30 p.m., Chapel, Cobb LectureHall. Attendance is Required.President Harper will deliver the Address.Chief Event. — The first of a series of receptions tobe given the Baptist churches of Chicago was heldFebruary 13.South Divinity House.]Organization. — South Divinity House was organizedDecember 12, 1894. The officers are : Head of House,Addison A. Ewing; Counselor, Dean Hulbert; Secretary, R. B. Davidson; Treasurer, Stephen Stark;House Committee, the above ex-officio, with C. H.Murray, R. R. Snow, W. E. Garrison.Members and Quests. — Aitchison, J. Y.; Atha, G.R.; Bateson, F. W.; Briggs, J. G., Jr.; Butler, F. F.;Chalmers, W. E.; Clough, C. E.; Crawford, J. T.;Davidson, R. B.; Elmer, F. D.; Ewing, A. A.; Garrison,W. E.; Hendrick, H. E.; Herrick, J. A.; Hobbs, R. W.;Hulbert, E. B., Dean; Hurley, H. H.; Jackson F. C;Jones, H. E.; Kingsley, F. W.; Kjellin, J. A.; Lemon,C. A.; Mallory, H. F.; McClellan, Geo.B.; Mecum,E.W.; Murray, C. H.; Osgood, W. P.; Patrick, B. R.;Price, O. J.; Read, C. F., {guest); Shoemaker, W. R.;Smith, Arthur ; Smith, R. F., Jr.; Snow, R. R.; Spick-ler, H. M.; Stark, Stephen ; Stevens, E. T.; Vaughan,R. M.; Wilkin, W. A.; Woods, F. W. {guest).IX. BIBLICAL AND PATRISTIC GREEK.The New Testament Club meets Tuesday evening,April 21, at 7:30 p.m., at 5736 Woodlawn ave.Mr. C. W. Votaw will review Gould's " Mark " and'a colloquy led by Associate Professor Mathewswill follow.OFFICIAL REPORTS.The University Houses.&i)e timber sitg.INSTRUCTION.Departmental Announcements.60 UNIVERSITY RECORDXI. GREEK.The Voluntary Reading Class, conducted by Associate Professor Capps, will meet every week onMonday, at 4: 00 p.m. in B,2, Cobb Lecture Hall.XV. ENGLISH.The English Club meets in B 8, Cobb Lecture Hall,Tuesday, April 21, at 8:00 p.m.Mr. Hart Conway, Director of the Chicago Schoolof Acting, will read a paper on " Ophelia."At the meeting of the Club, April 14, the followingofficers were elected :President — Dr. F. I. Carpenter.Secretary — Dr. O. L. Triggs. XVII. MATHEMATICS.!The Mathematical Club meets in Room 35, Ryer]son Physical Laboratory, Friday, April 24, at 4:30 p.m.Dr. Hancock : "Some Physical Formulae which areFundamental in the Theory of Functions."The Colloquium of Dr. Boyd meets in Room 36,Ryerson Physical Laboratory, Saturday, April 21,at 8:30 a.m.Leader : Mr. Herschberger — The application of theremainder of Maclaurin's Theorem to certainseries, testing their convergency.The Philological Society.The next regular meeting of the Philological Societywill be held on Friday, April 24, at 8: 30 p.m., in RoomB 8, Cobb Lecture Hall. Professor F. F. Abbott, will read a paper:" Some Notes on the Perigrinatio of SanctaSilvia."The Graduate Club.The April reception of the Graduate Club willoccur at the residence of Mr. C. R. Crane, 3736 GrandBoulevard, on Friday evening, April 24, at 8:00 p.m. All members and honorary members of the Clubare most cordially invited.The Departmental Clubs.The Geological Club.President — Head Professor Thomas C. Chamberlin.. Vice President — Professor R. D. Salisbury.Secretary — D-. P. Nicholson.The purpose of the Club is to furnish a medium forpresentation (1) of the results of investigations undertaken by the members of the Department ; (2) of abstracts of current Geological literature; (3) of addressesby eminent Geologists who may visit the University.Papers read during the Winter Quarter :"Review of Williams' Geological Biology"Stuart Weller.' Review of Mercero, Hill Caves of Yucatan."Head Professor T. C. Chamberlin. Jan. 16.The Geology of San Francisco Peninsula."A. H. Purdue."¦Review of Suess's Einige Bemerkungenuber den Mond." Dr. H. C. Cowles. Jan. 23." The Formation of Radial Dikes."Professor J. P. Iddings. Feb. 6." Recent Gold Mining Developments in theWest."Professor R. A. F. Penrose, Jr. Feb. 13. "Review of Brogger's] Rocks of the Christiana Region."Professor J. P. Iddings."Review of Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisseder Finnischen Expeditionen nach derHalbinsel Kola" D. P. Nicholson." Review of Sollas's Paper, Mode of Flow ofa Viscous Fluid." Vinnie Crandall." Review of Gregory's Paper, Palaeontologyand Physical Geology of the WestIndies." Dr. H. C. Cowles.u Review of Literature on Antarctic Regions.Head Professor T. C. Chamberlin. Feb. 20.Feb. 27.Mar. 5.The Germanic Club and Seminar.President — Associate Professor S. W. Cutting.Secretary — Hermann B. Almstedt.Meets fortnightly on Mondays at 3: 00 p.m., in B 11.Courses 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 23in the Programme of the German Department constitute the work of the first section of the Germanic Seminar ; the second section, including candidates for thedegree of Ph.D., other advanced students, and allUNIVERSITY RECORD 61instructors of the department, meets fortnightly onMonday from 3 to 5 p.m. for the reading and discussion of reports, reviews, and original papers upon subjects connected with the work of the first section.Papers read during the Winter Quarter :"Die Entstehungsgeschichte des Goethe'-schen 'Tasso.' Mr. W. G. Baab. Jan. 13."Review of Bruckner, "Die Sprache der Lon-gobarden" Mr. Phil. Allen. " The History of the Weak Verb in Urger-manisch."Assistant Professor Schmidt -Wartenberg. Jan. 27."The History of the German InseparableVerb." Mr. H. B. Almstedt. Feb. 10" Die Iphigeniensage in der modernen Litte-ratur." Mr. Phil. Allen. Feb. 24." The U- umlaut in the Elis Saga."Miss Jessie Jones. March 9.LITERARY.The Forum Literary Society.The Forum Literary Society will hold its first public session in the Assembly Hall, Haskell Museum, onFriday, April 24, at 8: 00 p.m.Earnest attempts are being made to give the undergraduate students of The University of Chicago aliterary activity, as helpful and as vigorous as can beobtained in the typical college life of the West. TheForum is organized to give discipline in the principles of public speaking and of extemporaneous thinking and it offers the friends of such work an opportunity to attest their sincere interest by meeting withit in this its first open session.The programme to be given is, with the exception ofthe music, a typical one. It is as follows : Music .Oration, E. R. Branson.Poem, C. R. Barrett.( Messrs. Peterson and SawyerDebate, •< »vs.( GtArver and Davis.Music.Extemporaries.Recitation, H. H. Griswold.Music.All the. members of The University are cordiallyinvited.The Philolexian SocietyWill meet in Cobb Lecture Hall, Saturday, April25 at 7:30 p.m.Abstracts of Addresses.What Constitutes a College and what a Secondary-School? *To secure unquestioned recognition a secondary schoolshould have at least three things :1. A well arranged course or courses of study, the last fouryears of which are devoted chiefly to Latin, Greek, French, German, English, history, algebra, geometry, and science.2. A sufficient number of well-trained teachers.3. Sufficient equipment, consisting of a library, suitablerooms, and a laboratory or laboratories.Many secondary schools add music, drawing, bookkeeping,physical culture, etc. These are desirable additions, but provision for proper instruction in the nine subjects mentioned aboveis enough to establish a valid claim to .the title. A number ofquestions may reasonably be asked as to the essentials as statedabove.1. Is it necessary that the courses be always four years long?May they not be six or three years long ? I would say yes to both-questions.2. Is it essential that both Latin and Greek should be taught ?May not one or even both of them be omitted? and may notmodern languages be omitted ? Does a secondary school necessarily teach science ?With hundreds of high schools and academies that conform to the definition given above and with a constant tendencytowards this standard on the part of defective institutions Idare not set the definition lower. We all know how for sufficientreasons to admit exceptions.Manual training is desirable, and also such instruction inpolitical economy as shall include the broader field of socialethics. A library in charge of a librarian should be recognizedas an essential part of every secondary school. The librarianshould do nothing else but keep the library and help the pupilsin their investigations. It is the laboratory, and the librarianis the laboratory assistant, for work in language, literature,and history.By college I mean in this paper an institution for academicinstruction based upon that of the secondary school. Tosecure unquestioned recognition a college must have in my judgment at least these things : (1) Respectable conditions of entrance to the freshman class ; (2) courses of study well arranged,four years' long, and embracing Latin, Greek, French, German,English, mathematics, history, political economy, philosophy,physics, chemistry, and biology ; (3) at least eight good teacherswho give their whole time to teaching the subjects named abovein the Freshman or higher classes ; (4) a good library and suitable buildings, including three well-equipped laboratories forundergraduate work in the sciences named above ; (5) incomeenough to maintain well the work and equipment.62 UNIVERSITY RECORDSome questions may reasonably be asked.1. Are eight teachers indispensable ?2. Might not the college omit political economy and teachhistory along with the language work and confine itself in scienceto physics and chemistry ?3. Again, is a college to lose its title because it maintains apreparatory department ?4. How much endowment and income is necessary ?5. What are Tespectable conditions for entrance ?6. May not other subjects be taught ?I have known good college work to be done with six teachersand with no teaching of political economy and biology and withthe teaching of history combined with the language work, but itwas done with great exertion, and such instances should becounted only as exceptions.In answer to questions three and four let me remark that inNew York the regents will not license a college that supports apreparatory department or that has less than $500,000 worth ofproperty ; in Michigan the requirement is $50,000 ; in Ohio andNebraska $5000 ; and in other states nothing at all in money orguarantee. In the state of New York the cost of living and thecost of building are higher than they are in the West, while therate of interest is much lower. In view of the higher rate ofinterest and the smaller cost of living and building in the West,I am tempted to say that $250,000 amounts to as much for theestablishment and maintenance of a college in any one of ourten states as $500,000 does in New York. It should be remembered, however, that no minimum is safe.Iowa has, within the, last two or three years, done, throughher State Teachers' Association, some valuable work in classifying her colleges and in fixing reasonable conditions of entrance.The State Teachers' Association of Missouri has appointed acommittee of nine members, to report what, in their opinion, ittakes to constitute a college, and what are reasonable conditionsfor admission thereto, and to prepare such programmes of studyfor high schools as will lead to closer union between them andthe colleges of the state. This committee will submit its reportnext June.A Critique of "Bryce's American Commonwealth."*Bryce's American Commonwealth is a unique work. It is notonly a comprehensive account, at once intelligent and intelligible, of the political institutions of one great nation by a memberof another, but it is on the whole, the best of such accountseither in our own or other literatures. It is, therefore, in nospirit of carping criticism that an attempt is made in the following paper to point out certain inaccuracies of statement and certain misleading features in the exposition. Foreigners will, fora long time to come, depend chiefly on this book for their ideasof America and American institutions— a circumstance as fortunate for them as for us. But this fact makes it all the more necessary and desirable that the defects and errors, if such they be,which are here discussed, should be remedied in a new edition.1. The author's statement as to the basis of the classificationof the distribution of functions between state and nation.2. His remarks on the subject of the responsibility of officials.3. The exposition of the judicial power of the United States.4. His formulation of the principles of constitutional interpretation.5. His views as to the final authority in interpreting the constitution. Colleges should not undertake graduate work which is professional in its character ; students, when they graduate, areolder than they should be. It is proposed to remedy this by"enriching" the seventh and eighth grades, and by giving thebachelor's degree at the end of the Sophomore year. Whateverdifficulties may beset the college, the university at least should,in my opinion, after the enrichment of the seventh and eighthgrades is established, end academic work with the end of theSophomore year. This would cause the university work properto begin with the opening of the Junior year in academic study,or law, medicine or engineering, on the solid basis of the Freshman and Sophomore years. If this ever comes to pass in theuniversities they would inevitably look upon their Freshmanand Sophomore years finally as preparatory departments,and this, in my opinion, would be a blessing, for it would leadultimately to the abolition of this work in the universities andgive the colleges greater chance for the Freshman and Sophomore years, even though it should cut down their numbers inthe Junior and Senior years.The question arises whether each state should not exercisesome supervision over the private and denominational schoolsand colleges on its soil. It would be a public blessing if everystate had a board of education consisting of, let us say, the governor, the superintendent of public schools, the president of theuniversity, the president of one of the normal schools, thesuperintendent of schools in one of the larger cities, the principal of one of the larger high schools, the principal of anendowed academy, and the president of a denominationalcollege, said board to have power to grant charters to collegerand academies, and power to supervise those already chartered,and power to deprive them of their charters if they fail todeserve them.* Delivered by R. H. Jesse, President of the Missouri StateUniversity, at the meeting of the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, April 3 and 4, 1896,See University Record, Vol. I, No. 2, pages 34-8.The author's statement as to the distribution of functionsbetween state and nation seems to imply, and would undoubtedly convey to the foreigner, the idea not only that those matterswhich are entrusted to the federal government are all ofnational and general interest, but also that all matters ofof general and national interest are entrusted to the federal government. This is a very common form of describing the distribution of functions between the nation and the states, but it iserroneous. The actual distribution of functions between thefederal government and the states was the outcome of a strugglebetween those who were in favor of giving to the federal government much more extensive powers than it now has, and thosewho were in favor of giving it still fewer, and the actual division can hardly be said to have been made along the line whichdivides general from local interest.The author's view as to the responsibility of officials in theUnited States is hardly correct. He says, *' Officials are responsible to the people." Now the term "responsible" in politicalscience and in constitutional discussions has come to have adefinite technical meaning which makes it improper to use it indescribing the relations of the officials in the United States to-the people. On the contrary, one may much better describe theAbstracts of Papers.Read Before the Philological Society and the Departmental Clubs.* Read before the Political Science Club, March 18, 1896, by Professor Edmund J. James.UNIVERSITY RECORD 63system of government in this country as one composed of manyirresponsible officials with powers to check and hinder oneanother, a limit to whose irresponsibility is set simply by thefact that they have comparatively short terms of office at theend of which they must be reelected by the people in order to becontinued in office. But when one considers that, generallyspeaking, owing to the rapid change in tenure of the politicalparties, and the notion that rotation in office is an eminently desirable and democratic institution, good conduct in office doesnot necessarily lead to reelection, nor bad conduct to rejection,it is hardly proper to speak of political or legal responsibilityto the people in any sense in which that term is ordinarilyemployed in political parlance.The exposition which the author gives of the judicial systemof the United States, especially as relating to the federal judiciary is not satisfactory. He loses sight almost entirely of thefact that under our judicial system our federal courts are largely,if not chiefly, engaged in administering not federal but statelaw. The impression left by his exposition is that only casesinvolving federal law come before the federal courts.In discussing the distribution of powers between the nationaland state governments, and the method of interpretation bywhich we determine what powers are to be assigned to one, andwhat to the other, the author's exposition leaves the impressionthat our established constitutional doctrine is to the effect thatthe national government has only such powers as are expresslygranted. This is corrected by a positive statement to the contrary, but only in an incidental and inadequate way.The author's assertion that the only authority competent todecide on the constitutionality of an act of congress, or of thenational executive is the federal judiciary, cannot be acceptedas correct, in view of the fact that many acts of the executiveand of congress are not capable of being brought before thecourts in such a way as to get a judicial opinion as to their constitutionality. That authority under our system, whatever itmay be, which under the constitution must give a practicalmeaning or construction to the provision of the same, and whosedecision upon the matter is not subject to the revision of anyother authority, must be considered as the final interpreter of theconstitution. Thus the President is sometimes the final interpreter, and sometimes the two houses of congress, and sometimesone alone.Nor can we agree with the author in his statement as to theoriginal relation between state and nation. The claim that the" authority of the state constitutions does not flow from congress,but from acceptance by the citizens of the states for which theyare made," may be true enough but it hardly justifies the furtherclaim that " of these instruments, no less than of the constitutions of the thirteen original states, we may say that, althoughsubsequent in date to the federal constitution, they are, so far aseach state is concerned, dejure, prior to it; their authority overtheir own citizens is in no wise derived from it." The fact thatthe states existed before the federal constitution does not changethe fact that their subsequent existence depends upon it. Thetrue theory would seem to be that the people of the United Statesin 1787, and during the two years following, reorganized theAmerican state, constituted a dual form of government, and, inthe classifications of the functions, enumerated those belongingto one part, the federal ; provided a series of prohibitions uponboth, and left the residuum of governmental power to the states(or the people thereof) in existence at that time, and to thosewhich were expected to come into existence in the future. Fromthis point of view the powers of the states are as legitimately anoutgrowth of the will of the nation under the protection, guarantee and limitation of the federal constitution as the powers ofthe federal government itself. There are other minor points to which objection may be madeof which the following are the most important :1. The suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus.2. The location of ultimate sovereignty in our body politic.3. The principle of the distribution of votes in the GermanFederal council.4. The effect of the fourteenth amendment on the right of suf*frage.5. The results of the civil rights acts.6. The relation of citizenship to the elective franchise.7. The power of congress over the admission of states.8. The points decided in the legal tender cases.The First Ablaut-series in Early Modern HighGerman. *Material used : Kehrein, Grammatik, and the investigationsupon Luther, Hans Sachs, Johannes Claius (1578), Schottel (1651),.original work in Grimmelshausen (1669) .Early Modern High German I A : i — ei, i or i — i or f .IB : z — e, i or i — i or z.IB is lost in IA, the more numerous division, during the secondhalf of the 16th century. 1) Leveling in the preterit, in favor ofthe plural vowel. The old ei strongly predominates in Luther*Ei, though frequent in Sachs, begins to be superseded by i. Noassimilation of singular vowel to that of the plural in Claius.The original vowel of the singular has been crowded out in everycase according to Schottel. Grimmelshausen shows, with oneexception (bleib) i throughout. Difference of vowel is todayretained in Middle and Low German dialects. Early ModernHigh German weak preterits and participles of strong verbs occasionally preserved in modern dialects. 2) Struggle betweenlong and short i in the past part, and pret. See Wilmanns,Deutsche Grammatik §§ 241, 245. Exceptions to this rule in Grim-melshausen's Simplicius (A): " geschlieff en, schmiesz"; inSimplicius, Book VI, 10 cases of short vowels, to present longones and one of long to present short i. See Paul, Grundriss I,559. 3) Strong and weak are at this period : " bleichen, gleichen,meiden, pfeifen,preisen, scheinen, schleichen, schneien, schreien,.speien, streiten, weisen." 4) Strong and weak, the originallyweak verbs: freien, heien, keif en, leiten, leiten (= lauten),scheuen. 5) No longer strong or lost in Schottel and Grimmelshausen: beiten, gleissen, greinen, keinen, kleiben, kreischen,kreisen (= schreien), kriegen (= bekommen), neiden, neigen,reihen, spreiten. 6) The reduplicating scheiden has changedover to IA in Schottel, in Grimmelshausen part, schieden andscheiden. 7) Differentiation of consonants according to Verner'slaw in : deihen, leiden, leihen, meiden, schneiden, seihen, zeihen.8) In Grimmelshausen notice forms as gedige, beritten (pret. ?) ,the frequent inorganic e as ending of the pret. ind. in the popularlanguage of B etc. 9) For the personal endings see Wiesner, Suf-fixales E, Wien, 1889.* Read before the Germanic Club and Seminar, April 13, byMr. Paul O. Kern.A Twofold Generalization of Fermat's Theorem.*For every prime p and positive integer n there exists a uniquelydefined Galois-field G F [pn~] of pn marks a. A form, that isa rational integral function of certain indeterminates, X0, X1? . . .Xk, is said to belong to the G F [pnJ if its coefficients belong to(are marks a of ) the G F [pn]. A linear homogeneous form64 UNIVERSITY RECORDbelonging to the G F [pn] is called primitive if not all its coefficients ag are 0, and if of the coefficients ag not 0 the one withlargest index g is 1.The doubly generalized Fermat Theorem is then :The two forms in the k + lindeterminates, X0, X2, . . ., Xk,Z)[7^ + l,^;p](X0, X1: ...,Xk) == IXj | (i,j = 0,1, ...,1c),P [k + l,n; p] (X0, X1} . . ., X. ) = n* S as Xg (g = 0, 1, . . ., k),k s—where the product n* embraces the (pn(k + I) — 1) / (pn— 1) distinct primitive linear homogeneous formsbelonging to the G F [pn] — are identical.Organizations.University students are cordially invited toidentify themselves with some one of the followingmusical organizations :The University Chorus.The University Glee Club.The Women's Glee Club.The Mandolin Club.The Women's Mandolin Club.The Flusical Lectures and Recitals.Musical Lectures and Recitals are given in KentTheater, Wednesday Afternoons at 5:00 o'clock,throughout the year.A Violin Recital was given on Wednesday afternoon, April 15, by Mr. Earl Drake, assisted by MissCarrie R. Crane, Pianist.A Piano Recital will be given on Wednesday afternoon, April 22, by Mrs. J. Harry Wheeler.Voluntary Courses in Music.Wardnee Williams, Ph.D. Instructor in Music.Elementary Vocal Music. — Tuesday, at 5:00 p.m.Harmony.— Monday and Tuesday, at 8:30 a.m.Theory of Music. — Tuesday and Friday, at 8:30 a.m.History of Music. — Wednesday, at 8:30 a.m.Selections Rendered.The University Choir has rendered the followingselections : If in this general theorem we take ifc=l, n=l, we have essentially the well-known theorem of Fermat :a?— a=0 (modp)where p is any prime and a is any integer.In the paper (which appears in the current April number ofthe Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society) after exhibiting the modifying and generalizing steps of formal transition from the Fermat theorem to the general theorem I givethree proof s of the general theorem. The proof " A " dependsupon considerations involving the G F [pn] of rank n alone ;for the case n = l this proof "A " may be exhibited in the terminology of the ordinary Gauss-congruence theory. The proofs"B"and"C" however depend upon considerations involvingthe wider G F [pmi1] of rank mn (m ^ 2fc2) ; they throw a sharperlight upon the essential meaning of the theorem for every valueof n.*Read before the Mathematical Club, April 10, by HeadProfessor Eliakim Hastings Moore."Arise! Shine! For thy Light is Come," Buck; "Gloria inExcelsis," Buck; "The God of Abraham Praise," Buck; "Thereis Resting by and by," Havens; "Lift Thine Eyes" (women'svoices), Mendelssohn; "Oh, for a Closer Walk with God,"Foster; "I'm a Pilgrim, I'm a Stranger," Marston; "Summers'Good Bye," Banks; "The Shadows of the Evening Hour,"Barri-Shelley ; " Consider and Hear Me," Pflueger ;" Christ isKnocking at my Sad Heart," Otis; "God Hath Sent His Angels," Harris; "Give Unto the Lord," Buck; "O, for the Wingsof a Dove," Mendelssohn ; " Oh Lord, Thou Art My God," Buck;"Heaven's Morning Breaks," Havens; "Love Not theWorld," Sullivan-Shelley; "How Lovely are the Messengers,"Mendelssohn; "Come, my Soul, Thou must be Waking," Buck;"There's a Friend in the Homeland," Havens; "Rock of Ages,"Buck; "The King of Love my Shepherd is," Shelley; "LeadKindly Light," Buck ; "I will Sing of Thy Power," Sullivan;" The Radiant Moon hath Passed Away," Woodward; "Beholdthe Lamb of God," Buck ; " Sweet is Thy Mercy, Lord," Barnby ;" No Name so sweet," Havens; "Te DeuminC," Buck; "jubilate Deo," Buck ; " Te Deum in F" Kotzschmar ; " O Saviour ofthe World," Goss; "God is a Spirit," Bennett; "God whoMadest Earth and Heaven," Buck ; "The Mellow Eve is Gliding," Holden; " Send Out Thy Light," Gounod; "Walking withGod" (men's voices), Pontius; "My Heavenly Home," Havens ;"Remember now thy Creator" (men's voices), Rhodes; "NoEvil Shall Befall Thee " (women's voices), Costa; "Must JesusBear the Cross Alone," Havens ; " My Faith Looks Up to Thee,"Havens ; "The Lord is my Shepherd" (women's voices), Smart;" Sing Alleluia Forth," Buck ; "I will Call upon Thee," Buck;"The Sun shall be no more Thy Light," Woodward; "BonumEst" in Eflat, Buck ; "Babylon," Watson-Nevin ; " Saviour, WhenNight Involves the Skies," Shelley ; "The Lord's Prayer," Holt;"Lead, Kindly Light," Bartlett; "Come Unto Me," Warren;"Jubilate Deo," Scott; "God who Mad'st Earth and Heaven,"Schnecker ; "God hath Appointed a Day," Tours ; " Crossing theBar," Macy; "There is a Green Hill far away," Somerset;"Christian, the Morn Breaks Sweetly o'er thee," Shelley;"Hark, Hark, my Soul," Buck ; " Far from my Heavenly Home,'Vincent ; " Love Divine,'* Schnecker ; " The Heavenly Mansion,'Macy; "Life's Resurrection Hour," Neidlinger ;." Waited forthe Lord," Mendelssohn.MUSIC.UNIVERSITY RECORD 65RELIGIOUS.The University Chaplain.The University Chaplain, Associate Professor C. R.Henderson, can be found, during his office hours, from1 : 30 to 2 :00 p.m. in C 2, Cobb Lecture Hall, Monday,Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday.Announcements.The chaplain for the week : Saturday, April 18, toSaturday, April 25, will be Head Professor JohnM. Coulter.Professor Emil G. Hirsch will address The University on the next three Sundays at 4:00 p.m. in KentTheater. His subject will be: "Dangers in ModernLife."1. " In the Family." April 19.2. "Educational." April 26.3. "Industrial." May 3.Abstracts of Religious Addresses.The Human Side of Religion.*In the Talmud ('Sabbath' 88a) the story is told of Moses'ascent into heaven for the purpose of receiving the law. Theangels object, but at the solicitation of the Almighty himself,Moses convinces them that religion is needed for man and earthand may well be spared by the angels and in heaven.1. The human manward importance of religion is beginningin our own age to be emphasized. No doubt, religion has itsGodward side. This will not be repressed in the least by also doing justice to the human element in the religious message.Faith and love, even Paul recommends ; faith, the Godward current of the spirit ; love, the manward flow of sympathy and thewill. The science of religion is the first fruit of this new recognition of the humanity of all religion and the humanities ofthe different religions. It obeys Paul's counsel irdvTa SoKtixd^ere,prove all things. The alarm that the comparative study ofreligions, associating for the purposes of investigation Judaismand Christianity with Fetichism or Buddhism, will do irreparable injury to religion is groundless. Comparative studies inthis domain on the contrary have thrown new light on the religious needs of man and given a new foundation to the templesof the higher religious message. Religion is a fact and a force,not an invention and an imposition, vital in our humanity. Inthe lowest as in the highest religions, the effect of the religiouslife as proceeding upward and out of man's selfishness towardaltruistic impulses and convictions is traceable.2. Religion is shown to be under the law of growth. In thefulness of time, redemption is wrought. The Messiah has hisforerunners. This element of time, the studies in the comparative science of religion bring more clearly into relief.3. By comparison, the distinctions of the religions are made tocome to light : the superiority of Judaism and Christianity, thereligions of the Bible, over Animism or even Buddha, is nevermore clear than when their supposed analoga are placed at theirside, " Prove all things" but the best /caTe^ere, retain ! "4. In all these studies, while the human element in religion is rendered exceedingly prominent, a remainder also appears whichwill not be divided by our human factors. Revelation and inspiration in a deeper sense than ever are shown to be powers andpotencies in the religious process of the ages, by the very inquiries into the laws of its growth and life.5. The union of all religions is impossible as is the union ofall languages. But " from every kind of evil deed do ye refrain.'In this intention all the higher religions are even now at one.They from their human side begin to understand one another,and to draw more closely toward one another. Manward religionpoints Godward, after all.* Delivered before the University, April 12, by ProfessorEmil G. Hirsch.Church Services.Hyde Park Baptist Church (Corner Woodlawn avenue and56th street) — Preaching services at 11 : 00 a.m. and 7 : 30 p.m.Bible School and Young Men's Bible Class, conducted by Professor Shailer Mathews, at 9:45 a.m. Week-day prayer meeting,Wednesday evening at 7 : 45.Hyde Park M. E. Church (corner Washington avenue and'54thstreet)— Rev. Mr. Leonard, Pastor, will conduct services Sunday, at 11 : 00 a.m. and 7 : 30 p.m. ; General Class Meeting at 12 : 00m. ; Sunday School at 9 : 30 a.m. ; Epworth League at 6 : 30 p.m. ;General Prayer Meeting, Wednesday, at 7 : 45 p.m.University Congregational Church (corner 56th street andMadison avenue)— Rev. Nathaniel I. Rubinkam, Ph.D., Pastor,Preaching Services at 11 : 00 a.m. and 7 : 30 p.m. Sabbath Schooland Bible Classes at 9 : 45 a.m. ; Junior Young People's Society ofChristian Endeavor at 3 : 30 p.m. ; Senior Young People's Societyof Christian Endeavor at 6 : 30 p.m. ; Wednesday Devotional Hourat 8: 00 p.m.Hyde Park Presbyterian Church (corner Washington avenueand 53rd street) — Rev. Hubert C. Herring, Pastor. PublicChurch Services at 10 : 30 A.M., and 7 : 45 p.m. ; Sunday School at12 : 00 m. ; Junior Endeavor Society at 3 : 00 p.m. ; Young People'sSociety of Christian Endeavor at 6 : 45 p.m. ; Mid-week PrayerMeeting, Wednesday, at 7 : 45 p.m.Woodlawn Park Baptist Church (corner of Lexington avenueand 62d street;— W. R. Wood, Pastor. Bible School at 9 : 30 a.m. ;Worship and Sermon at 11 A.m.; Young People's DevotionalMeeting at 6 : 45 p.m ; Gospel Service with Sermon at 7 : 30 p.m. ;General Devotional Meeting, Wednesday evening, at 7 : 45. Allseats are free.Hyde Park Church of Christ (Masonic Hall, 57th street, eastof Washington avenue)— Services Sunday at 10 : 30 A.m. ; EveningService at 7 : 30. Sunday School 12 : 00 M. Preaching by Rev. H.L. Willett.St. PauVs Protestant Episcopal Church (Lake avenue, northof 50th street)— Rev. Charles H. Bixby, Rector. Holy Communion, 8.00 a.m. every Sunday, and 11:00 a.m. first Sunday ofeach month. Morning Prayer with Sermon, 11 : 00 a.m. ChoralEvening Prayer. 7 : 30 p.m. Men's Bible Class at the close of theeleven o'clock service. Sunday School, 3 : 00 p.m.Unitarian Services. Rev. W. W. Fenn, of the first UnitarianChurch, will speak every Sunday afternoon at 4 : 00 o'clock, atMasonic Hall, 276, 57th street. Students and friends are cordiallyinvited.6Q UNIVERSITY RECORDLIBRARIES, LABORATORIES, AED MUSEUMS.During the week ending April 14, 1896, there havebeen added to the Library of The University a totalnumber of 232 books from the following sources :Boohs added by purchase, 186 vols.Distributed as follows :Philosophy, 51 vols.; Political Economy, 2 vols.; Political Science, 1 vol.; History, 15 vols.; Sociology,3 vols,; Sociology in the Divinity School, 2 vols.;Sociology (Section Folk Psych.), 7 vols.; Semitics, 2 vols.; New Testament, 1 vol.; Latin, 10 vols.;Latin and Greek, 20 vols.; German, 2 vols.; English, 3 vols.; Mathematics, 5 vols.; Physics, 1 vol.;Geology, 35 vols.; Church History, 24 vols.; Homi-letics, 2 vols.Books added by gift, 45 vols.Distributed as follows :General Library, 31 vols.; Political Economy, 14 vols.Boohs added by exchange for University Publications,1 vol. assigned to Sociology.Eije Sltttbersttg iBxtoisum Mbigiott-The Lecture=Study Department.The following University Extension lectures are announced for the week beginning April 19. The houris 8:00 p.m. except where otherwise noted, and whereno state is named the Centre is in the City^f Chicago:Honday, April 20.Steinway Hall, IT Van Bur en Street— Prince SergeWolkonsky, " Nicholas L— Accession of AlexanderII."Cincinnati, Ohio— Professor E.. G. Moulton, "TheWisdom and Oratory of the Bible."Tuesday, April 21.Millard Avenue Congregational Church — Mr. Lo-rado Taft, "Painting and Sculpture — The GreatSculptors of Today."Wednesday, April 22.Cook County Normal School — Professor R. G. Moulton, " Shakespeare's Tragedies, Othello." 4:00P.M.Thursday, April 23.Doolittle School, 35th Street near Cottage GroveAvenue — Head Professor John Dewey, "Educational Psychology — Imagination : Its Position inPsychical Life." 4:00 p.m.Friday, April 24.Newberry Library : Unity Church, Dearborn Avenueand Walton Place — Professor R. G. Moulton," Stories as a Mode of Thinking — Southey's ' Curse ofKehama/ Thinking about Destiny."Steinway Hall, 17 Van Buren Street — Prince SergeWolkonsky, "The Sixties — Alexander II and theEmancipation of the Serfs — Tourgeniev, Dostoyevsky,Tolstoy."Cfje mntbersttg affiliations.Report for the Winter Quarter, 1896.Des Moines College,Des. Moines, Iowa,Herbert Lee Stetson, President.List of Instructors, with Number and Character ofCourses:Blakslee, T. M. 1DM (Elementary Algebra), 1DM(Plane Geometry), 1DM (Astronomy). Goodell, F. E. 1DMM (Chemistry), 1DM Elementary Physics).Harris, F. E. 1DM (Beg. Greek), 1DM (Iliad),1DM (Thucydides).UNIVERSITY RECORD 67Morgan, F. E. 1DM (Elementary Algebra), 1DM(Zoology), 1DM (Geology).Price, A. B. 1DM (Beg. Latin), 1DM (Cicero'sOrations), 1DM (Horace).Stetson, H. L. 1DM (Modern History), 1DM(History of United States), 1DM (Apologetics),1DM (History of Philosophy).Stephenson, J. P. 1M (Elementary Rhetoric), 1M(Roman History), 1DM (Logic), 6 WeeklyRhetorical Classes.Stephenson, F. T. 1DM (Elementary Literature),1DM (Junior and Senior Literature), 1DM(Freshman Literature).Schoemaker, D. M. 1DM (Beg. German), 1DM(German), 1DM (German).Departments :No. of Courses. No. of Students.Philosophy: 6 (1DM, 1DM, 1DM). 15 History: 3 (1DM, 1M). 27Latin: 6 (1DM; 1DM, 1DM). 52Greek: 6 (1DM, 1DM, 1DM). 23Mathematics: 6 (1DM, 1DM, 1DM). 40Astronomy : 2 (1DM). 2English : 7 (1M, 1DM, 1DM, 1DM). 526 Weekly Rhetorical Classes.German: 6 (1DM, 1DM, 1DM). 35Chemistry: 2 (1DMM). 5Physics: 2 (1DM). 12States and countries from which students havecome :Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska, North Dakota, Indiana,Kansas.Number of Students :Enrolled during the Winter Quarter 128.&lttmtti.The following is a list of the fourth class-division that graduated from the Senior Colleges of The University on July 1, 1894, with their present addresses, as far as can be ascertained:Bachelors of Art. Bachelors of Philosophy.Church, Harry Victor, Burlington, Kan.Behan, Warren Palmer, Graduate Divinity School, Keith? Ella m Ak QhiaThe University of Chicago. Prescott, William Howard, Cleveland, Ohio.Chadbourn Frank Wesley, Columbus, Wis. (Home Rad Maud La Graduate Student, Theaddress). University of Chicago.Dingee, Gertrude Parker, 5716 Washington ave., ,tT ^ M „ ,. ^ ,. , rT11n' & j Walker, Florence Mercy, Fellow m English, TheChicago.Kruse, William Henry, Fellow in Greek, The University of Chicago.Lewis, Albert Buell, Santa Ana, Cal. (Home address).Lozier, Horace Gillette, Graduate Student, TheUniversity of Chicago.Morgan, Edwin, East Stroudsburg, Pa. (Home address).Northrup, Alfred Sayles, 5715 Monroe ave., Chicago.Pierce, Earle Vaydor, Ironton, Ohio. University of Chicago.Bachelors of Science.Blackmarr, Frank Hamlin, 5425 Cottage Grove ave.,Chicago.Guyer, Michael Frederic, Plattsburg, Mo.Hubbard, Marion Elizabeth, Wellesley College,Wellesley, Mass.Marot, Mary Louise, Instructor in English and History, The Hardy School, Duluth, Minn.McCafferty, Lulu, Quincy, 111.Porter, Elizabeth, Cleveland, Ohio (Home address). Whitson, Andrew Robinson, Northfield, Minn.In order to keep a correct list of the addresses of the Alumni of The University, changes of residenceshould be promptly reported to the Recorder of The University.68 UNIVERSITY RECORD<Ealett*rat fox tfje affiUtftApril 18=25, 1896.Saturday, April 18.Administrative Board of Affiliations, 8: 30 a.m.Faculty of the Junior Colleges, 8:30 a.m.Faculty of the Senior Colleges, 10:00 a.m.Faculty of the Divinity School, 11:30 a.m.University Senate, 11:45 a.m. (see p. 58).Colloquium of Dr. Boyd, 8: 30 a.m. (see p. 60).Sunday, April 19.Address by Professor Emil G. Hirsch, KentTheater, 4: 00 p.m. (see p. 65).Union Prayer Meeting of the Y. M. C. A. and Y.W. C. A., Lecture Boom, Cobb Lecture Hall,7:00 p.m.Monday, April 20.Chapel. — 12:30 p.m. (see p. 65).University Extension Lecture by Prince Wolkonsky, 8: 00 p.m. (see p. Q6).Tuesday, April 21.Chapel.— 12:30 p.m.Divinity School Prayer Meeting, Lecture Room,Cobb Lecture Hall, 6: 45 p.m.New Testament Club, 7 : 30 p.m. (see p. 59).Semitic Club, 7: 30 p.m. (see p. 59).English Club, 8: 00 p.m. (see p. 60). Wednesday, April 22.Monthly Meeting of the Senior Colleges, ChapelyCobb Lecture Hall, 12:30 p.m. (see p. 59).Piano Recital, Kent Theater, 5:00 p.m. (see p. 64).Thursday, April 23.Chapel.— 12:30 p.m.The Young Women's Christian Association, Lecture Boom, Cobb Lecture Hall, 1: 30 p.m.Friday, April 24.Chapel.— 12:30 p.m.Mathematical Club, 4: 30 p.m. (see p. 60).The Young Men's Christian Association, Lecture Boom, Cobb Lecture Hall, 7:00 p.m.Philological Society, 8:00 p.m. (see p. 60).Forum Literary Society, 8: 00 p.m. (see p. 61).University Extension Lecture by Prince Wolkonsky, 8:00 p.m. (see p. Q6).Graduate Club Reception, 8:00 p.m. (see p. 60).Saturday, April 25.Administrative Board of Libraries and Laboratories, 8:30 a.m.Faculty of the Graduate Schools, 10:00 a.m.University Extension Faculty, 11:30 a.m.Philolexian Society, 7: 30 p.m. (see p. 61).Material for the UNIVERSITY EECOED must be sent to the Recorder by WED1ESDAT, 12:00 Min order to be published in the issue of the same week.