The Chicago MaroonVolume 95, No. 1 . Friday, June 28. 1985The University of ChicagoNew Chairman of Trusteesjournalists will enterthe 'Life of the Mind'Sev'en women and five menhave been selected as the1985-86 William Benton Fel¬lows in broadcast journalismat The University of Chica¬go.The William Benton pro¬gram, now entering its thirdyear, gives broadcast jour¬nalists an opportunity to in¬crease their knowledge inareas of public policy, shar¬pen their analytical skills,and reflect, free from dead¬line pressure, on issues facingtheir profession. It is de¬signed to enhance the Fel¬lows’ careers while enablingthem to bring greater depthand understanding to theirwork.“The competition for the1985-86 Benton Fellowshipswas intense, with more than1,000 broadcast journalists re¬questing applications,” saidJohn D. Callaway, Director ofthe Program.“Selection of this year’sclass was made by the BentonFaculty Advisory Committeeafter reviewing the applica¬tion of 76 finalists. We’re de¬lighted that the program hasgrown from eight Fellows inits first year, 1983-84, to 12 inthe coming year.”Beginning in September,the twelve will spend sixmonths at the University inindividualized programs.The 1985-86 Benton Fellowsare:Carol Ann Blakeslee, 37, aWashington-based producer,primarily of political reports,for the MacNeil/Lenrer New-shour. John Deering, 35, Belfast-based chief news assistant forthe British Broadcasting Cor¬poration in Northern IrelandJill Dougherty, 36, Chicago-based midwest correspondentfor the Cable News Network.Sara Frasher, 39, produc¬er/reporter/writer for IowaPublic Television’s syndicat¬ed “Market to Market” pro¬gram on agriculture.Julie Hartenstein, 29, aNew York-based associateproducer for ABC-TV’s late-evening news program,“Nightline.”Bill Johnson, 45, a reporterspecializing in environmentaland political coverage forWGME-TV in Portland, Me.Charley Keyes, 35, seniorreporter specializing in inves¬tigative coverage for WIS-TVin Columbia, S.C.Jerome E. Miller, 43, pro¬ducer/writer/interviewer fordocumentary specials forKDKA-TV in Pittsburgh.Essex J. Porter, 29, a re¬porter specializing in educa¬tional issues for KIRO-TV inSeattle.Julia D. Rockier, 29, a report¬er and a weekend produc¬er/anchor for KWCH-TV inWichita, Kans.Barbara Lorraine Rodgers,38, a news anchor and generalassignment reporter forKPIX-TV in San Francisco.Deborah Seibel, 31, execu¬tive news producer forKPNX-TV in Phoenix.The Benton Fellowshipsprovide stipends that assurethat experienced broadcastcontinued on page three Ida Noyes gym gutted for cinemaBy Paul GreenbergWith the first phase nowcomplete, the Ida Noyes Ren¬ovation Project has movedinto the second of threephases of construction. Thethree phases are projected tocost in excess of five milliondollars.The first phase, as pre¬viously outlined in theMaroon (11/16/84), consistedprimarily of bringing thebuilding up to date on safetycodes. This involved addingexits from the Pub and themain lounge, ramps for thehandicapped, fire doors, anda new drainage system. Alsoincluded in this phase was themoving of the intramural ath¬letic offices out of the 2ndfloor to the Bartlett Gym.This created new office andstorage space for organiza¬ tions such as GALA, theWomen’s Union, the BlackGraduate Forum, and theYearbook staff. The total bud¬get for the project was ap¬proximately 1 million dol¬lars.The second phase, whichhas a budget of 2,250,000 dol¬lars, promises to bring aboutthe most noticeable improve¬ments to Ida Noyes. The larg¬est improvements are thebuilding of new locker roomand bathroom facilities in thebasement and the addition ofa cinema with a seating ca¬pacity of 500 in the old gymna¬sium.An elevator that will servethe building’s three floors andbasement is also to be built.Irene Conley, Director of Stu¬dent Activities, says that spe¬cial efforts are being made to ensure that the doors of the el¬evator will match the woodwall on the three floors.The pool, whose walls havebegun to crumble under theeffects of humidity, is alsoscheduled to be renovated.Charles O'Connell, Dean ofStudents, notes that “whetheror not there wmuld have beenan Ida Noyes project...wewould have had to close theIda Noyes pool for renova¬tion.”Also planned in the secondphase, is the installation of anew ventilation system forthe pool and cinema, and thecreation of a lounge area be¬hind the cinema. This phaseis scheduled to be completedin September 1986.There has been no sche¬duled starting date for thecontinued on page eightARTHUR U. ELLISIda Noyes renovation is currently in its second phase which includes installing an elevator and building a theatre. This is a photo of phase one.By Rosemary BlinnB. Kenneth West, chairmanand chief executive officer ofthe Harris Bank Corp. wasnamed Chairman of the Board of the University of Chi¬cago Trustees on June 13th.West was elected by theBoard of Trustees afterEdwin Bergman, who hadserved as chair for fouryears, announced that he wasretiring from the position.The chairman is elected an¬nually, but often continuesthrough a multiple yearterm.“Bergman will continue tobe a very active member ofthe Board of Trustees,” saidF. Gregory Campbell, specialassistant to President HannaGray and Secretary of theBoard of Trustees.Other officers of the Boardof Trustees were also electedat the annual meeting. King-man Douglass, James T.Rhind and Barry F. Sullivanwere named vice-chairmen ofthe board.West has served as a trust¬ee since 1981. As chairman of B. Kenneth Westthe Board, he will chair exec¬utive committee meetingsand preside over the Board’saffairs.West was born in 1933. Hereceived an A.B. from theUniversity of Illinois in 1955,magna cum laude, and wasawarded an M B A. from theUniversity of Chicago in 1960. According to the Chicago Tri¬bune, West was the first tograduate from his businessschool program with astraight-A average.As a member of the Boardof Trustees, West has servedas chair of the developmentplanning committee, vice¬chair of the investment com¬mittee, a member of the exec¬utive committee, and amember of the visiting com¬mittee on the Council of theGraduate School of Business.West belongs to numeroushonorary societies includingPhi Beta Kappa and SigmaChi. He is Director of the Chicago Council on Foreign Re¬lations, Governor of theBoard of the Chicago Orches¬tra Association and is amember of a number of pri¬vate clubs. CHRIS HILLJesse Jackson spoke on campus at a rally againstapartheid and investment in South Africa on May 31.AEROBICS ATI - HOUSE?YES! SummerCourses taught byJan Naslund conti¬nuing the tradition of fine instruction.CLASSES Monday & Wednesday7:15 P.M.July 1 thru August 21General Registration$40*00Men and Women Welcome!Vouchers for individualsessions will be available1414 59th St*753-2274Some rent just an apartmentOthers... a Lifestyle!T:- ' r>*r'rn ^^ * * HP - <1-,-v?,-x~ 7=» il'’**^5^7* r •* »A pj. . A ** Ji jv j-j- JUMMERSUNDAYSOCKEFELLERES J1 fi 1=5HAPELAj,- -?r^--7:4 1 V- A A/>- H.59 th&WOODLAWNAVEJUNE30-AUGUST 269:30 a.m. Ecumenical Service of Holy Communionwith Sermon6:00 p.m. Carillon Concert on the LawnJune 30, Jacques Lannoy, Carillonneur6:45 p.m. Organ PreludeJune 30, Wolfgang Rubsam, Chapel Organist7:00 p.m. Choral Vesperswith the Rockefeller Memorial Chapel ChoirJune 30, Bernard O. Brown,Dean of Rockefeller Chapel, speakingLakefront rental residences and ..Year around Resort Club • Gourmet MarketPanoramic Views • Nationally-acclaimed GardenClubs and activities • Artists-In-ResidenceStudio-3 bedroom apartments • 2 bedrooms from $6555050 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60615288-5050A lifestyle designed for you...by Thge Clkinton Company2—T ne Chicago MalOOli—Fi iuajr, Juiifc 28, 138ofSummer CalendarJune 21 - September 2: “Jewish Lifein America: Fulfilling the AmericanDream,” an exhibition focusing on thehistory ol Jews in America and theirimpact on Chicago, will be at the Muse¬um of Science and Industry.The l,800-sq.-ft. exhibition traces theAmerican Jewish experience from 1654to the present through more than 200photographs, personal artifacts, docu¬ments, and memorabilia.* * *June 29 - July 6: The 36th annualAmerican Diabetes Association’s(ADA) “Triangle D” summer campfor children with diabetes will be heldJune 23-29 for campers ages 8 to 10, andJune 30-July 6 for campers ages 11 to 13on the shores of Lake Geneva in Wis¬consin.The cost of each one week session is$200, however, no child will be turnedaway due to financial reasons as fee re¬ductions and camp scholarships areavailable.’ For a camp application and addition¬al information, call the Northern Illi¬nois Affiliate at (312 ) 346-1805. Space islimited.* * *July 14: The members of the St. An¬drew’s Greek Orthodox Church willhold their 24th Annual Greek Picnicand Folk Festival from Noon until Mid¬night. The public is invited to enjoy thefestivities which are held on the churchgrounds at 5649 N. Sheridan Road (atthe Hollywood exit from N. LakeshoreDrive).Admission is $2 at the door, withgroup rates available by prearrange¬ment for admission before 4 p.m. forsenior citizens and the disadvantaged.Children under 12 will be admitted freewith an adult.Raffle tickets include a first prize of$4,000 and many other valuableprizes.* * *New Sign Language classes offeredby Chicago Hearing Society enableadults to learn beginning sign languageskills in only eight weeks.Summer classes begin the week of July 8th, 1985 at the Society’s loop of¬fice at 10 West Jackson Boulevard.Morning late afternoon, early eveningand Saturday classes are available.For more information, call 939 5888.Chicago Hearing Society also offersOn-Site classes in Sign Language atBusinesses, Corporation, Agencies,and Hospitals with a need to learn signlanguage.Chicago Hearing Society is a not forprofit organization dedicated to creat¬ing mutual understanding betweenhearing impaired and hearing people.Eighteen different agency services as¬sist hard of hearing, deaf and the hear¬ing public with the problem of hearingloss. Anyone can take the Society’s freehearing screening test by calling Fone-A-Test at 427-HEAR.* * *Every Monday in July, around theclock, Hyde Park Community Hospitalis offering free cholesterol level tests.A high level of cholesterol can blockyour arteries and increase the risk ofsuffering from a heart attack or stroke.Find out if your cholesterol is at ahealthy level, or what you need to do toget it there, by taking advantage of thefree cholesterol screenings every Mon¬day in July at Hyde Park CommunityHospital’s PromptCare Center at 5800South Stony Island Avenue in Chicago.No Appointment necessary. For fur¬ther information, call 643-9200, ext.330. . * * *You can play a vital role in supplyingthe blood required by patients in theUniversity of Chicago Medical Center.By donating blood, you provide threepatients with life-saving fluid. You cansave the lives of children undergoingsurgery, accident and trauma victims,cancer patients and many more. Callthe Uniersity of Chicago Blood Bank at962-6247 to schedule an appointment.The address is 5841 South MarylandAvenue. Free parking is available toall blood donors.Hours: Monday - Friday, 8:30 a.m. -5:30 p.m.Evenings and Saturdays by appoint¬ment.Far East KitchenSTUDENT DISCOUNT!GET 10% OFF DINNERSATURDAYS 6-10 P.M.WITH UC STUDENT ID(Corner of 53rd and Hyde Park Blvd.) 955-2200 Walter Johnson, long-time Professor in the Department of History,died June 14 at his home in Ludington, Michigan. He was 69.Johnson was a major force in the History Department for manyyears, and played a key role in recruiting many of its current scholars,including a then-obscure researcher by the name of Hanna HolbornGray.Bentoncontinued from page onebroadcast journalists will be attractedto the program without sacrifice of in¬come. The Program is underwritten bythe William Benton Foundation.Mr. Benton, who died in 1978, waschairman-publisher of EncyclopaediaBritannica and a U.S. Senator fromConnecticut. He served as a Vice-Pres¬ident and later a Trustee of The Uni¬ versity of Chicago and was deeplycommitted to excellence in broadcast¬ing.The Fellows were selected bymembers of a faculty advisory com¬mittee chaired by Barry D. Karl, theNorman and Edna Freeliling Professorin the Department of History, in con¬sultation with a national advisory com¬mittee headed by John Chancellor ofNBC News.Courtesy of University News and Infor¬mation.Budgetcar andtruck rentalRENT FOR LESSDURING THEWEEKFor reservations, call: 493-7900Now through July 31. 1985 if you pick up your car after noon on Monday and return itanytime before noon on Friday you can rent a 1985 VW Golf or similar size car for only$19.95 per day.Budget lives up to its name with this midweek rate and unlimited mileage. kGas, taxesand optional coverage are additional. Car must be returned to renting location. Offer subjectto availability. Offer good at 7234 S. Stony Island loca ion only.Ask about our low rates on daily and weekend rentals from economy to luxury type cars.Serving Hyde Park & South Shore7234 S. Stony IslandBring in this ad at time of rental toget reduced rate. TruckRentalThe Chicago Maroon—Friday, June 28, 1985—3Approve HARCThough most of the people it will affect won’t be back oncampus until Autumn, the question of continuing the Housing Ac¬tivities Resource Council (HARC) still deserves the prompt at¬tention of the President and the Dean of Students.We support the permanent establishment of HARC through atwo dollar per quarter levy on undergraduate residents of thehousing system. HARC has shown that it can make a substantialcontribution to the quality of life in the housing system, andHARC leaders have acted to address the problems that were ini¬tially raised about the organization.The idea of funding activities and events between different dor¬mitories first came out of Mrs. Gray’s Student Advisory Commit¬tee, where it was felt that the University’s “house” system — de¬signed to create a number of closely-knit communities within agiven dorm — also tended to isolate those communities and theirmembers from other parts of the system. People from WoodwardCourt, for instance, often found they had relatively few acquaint¬ances in places like Pierce, and few opportunities for makingsuch friendships.HARC was specifically designed to provide such opportunitiesby funding inter-dorm events. While some early critics chargethat HARC was only good for funding more “big beer bashes,”this year’s HARC worked to support a variety of activities, in¬cluding house trips to Second City and various restaurants, cock¬tail hours, and other alternative mixers in addition to the tradi¬tional “keggers.”Student opinion supports a continuation of HARC. Eighteenhouses responding to a Housing Office survey endorsed the con¬tinuation of HARC, while only two opposed it. The controversythat originally surrounded HARC has faded, and indeed seems tohave been primarily a personality clash between previous HARCand dormitory leaders.Dean O’Connell, who must make a recommendation on thematter to Mrs. Gray, should abide by student wishes as ex¬pressed in the results of his own office’s survey as well as lastyear’s student referendum, which also approved HARC. There isa problem of isolation within the House system, and HARC hasdemonstrated it can provide enjoyable and diverse opportunitiesfor countering this isolation.We also see reason for further optimism in next year’s HARCleadership — most notably, the selection of Ginger Ostro as thenew HARC chair. Ostro has demonstrated energy and enthusi¬asm in a number of dorm leadership roles, and should be able toguide HARC to still greater effectiveness.There are few solid arguments against HARC, except perhapsa basic unwillingness to impose another fee on students, and eventhat concern doesn’t carry much force here. Two dollars perquarter is a truly minimal cost for enhancing student life in thedorms, and overall funding for student activities here remainsfar from optional, even with the recent activities fee boost.We do think that graduate students in the housing systemshould be exempted from the HARC fee as a matter of fairness,since they do not generally participate in the sorts of activitiesthat HARC is set up to support. The two dollar levy will provide afully adequate funding base even if they are exempted.A major source of funding for inter-dorm events will further thegoal of a more social and active undergraduate community — agoal shared by students and administrators alike. HARC hasproven itself an effective vehicle for such funding, and DeanO’Connell should recommend its permanent establishment.The Chicago MaroonThe Chicago Maroon is published each Friday during the summer quarter. TheMaroon welcomes letters and other contributions from students, faculty, staff andothers. Anyone interested in doing writing, photography, or other work for theMaroon should stop by our office, Ida Noyes Hall rooms 303 and 304, 1212 E. 59thStreet, Chicago, Illinois, 60637. Phone 962-9555.Rosemary Blinneditor in chiefChris HillManaging EditorMichael J. KellyPhotography Editor Stephanie BaconGrey City Journal EditorLisa CypraAdvertising ManagerBrad SmithAdvertising Manager Joe BarnoskyBusiness ManagerJaimie WeihrichOffice ManagerStaff: Susie Brady, Paul Greenberg, Larry Kavanagh, Ciaran Obroin, Bob Travis.4__The Chicago Maroon—Friday, June 28, 1985 GreenstoneEditor’s note: This is a transcript ofthe Convocation Address that J. DavidGreenstone presented to the 1985spring graduates at all four sessions ofgraduation. It is entitled “The Educa¬tion of Abraham Lincoln. ”Today is a time for celebration andanticipation — for looking back toachievements here at the Universityanil forward to new opportunities andchallenges. Speaking for my col¬leagues on the faculty, I offer our war¬mest congratulations to our graduatesand their families and friends.As a political scientist, I also ask youto remember our city and its politics.As the late Mayor Daley used to say,it’s a wunnerful town, with great archi¬tecture, a fascinating history, and a dy¬namic economy. And its politics arestill very, very special. After you grad¬uate, we hope you will return to Chica¬go, to come back to our beautifulcampus, and to visit Comiskey Parkwhen the Cubs and White Sox finallyplay in the World Series — under thelights. Nevertheless, I expect that mostof you will leave Chicago to live else¬where — and I predict that whereveryou live in the years ahead, your localpolitics will not remotely compare withwhat you have seen here in Chicago. Solet me ask you to remember formerMayor Byrne and State’s AttorneyDaley, former candidate Epton and fu¬ture candidate Vrdolyak, and MayorWashington himself. And let us not for¬get our famous journalists Walter Ja¬cobson and Mike Royko. What city hasa roster that compares with this?But today I want to talk with youabout our greatest politican, AbrahamLincoln. In particular, I want to talkwith you about his education.Lincoln is intriguing because he wassuch a complicated person. Whetherwe look at his career in politics, or athis attitude toward formal schooling,or at his attitude toward eduationthroughout his life, it seems clear thathe lived in two worlds. Consider firstLincoln in politics. As we all know, hewas a high minded, eloquent states¬man — the finest orator in our politicalhistory. His speech at Gettysburg andthe Second Inaugural are justlyfamous. But there are also the lesserknown speeches. Listen to a passagefrom the one at Edwardsville in 1958.When...you have succeeded indehumanizing the Negro; whenyou have put him down and madeit impossible for him to be but asthe beasts of the field; when youhave extinguished his soul in thisworld and placed him where theray of hope is blown out as in thedarkness of the damned, are youquite sure that the demon youhave roused will not turn andrend you?...Our reliance is in the love of lib¬erty that God has planted in us.Our defense is in the spirit whichprized liberty as the heritage ofall men, in all lands, everywhere.Destroy this spirit and you haveplanted the seeds of despotism atyour own doors...Accustomed totrample on the rights oi others,you have lost the genius of yourown independence and becomethe fit subjects of the first cun¬ning tyrant who rises amongyou.Lincoln was a conscious artistwhom elegance and clarity were essen¬tial. As he put it:When I was a mere child, I usedto get irritated when anybodytalked to me in a way I could notunderstand...When I got on a huntfor an idea...I was not satis¬fied...until I had put it in lan¬guage plain enough, as I thought,for any body I knew to compre¬hend. This was a kind of passionwith me, and it has stuck by me.Now the other Lincoln was a practi¬cal, story telling politican. After all,Lincoln came from the humblest ofbackgrounds, and he learned to live byhis wits. When he was in a tight spot, heused every clever device to escape.Here is an incident Lincoln himself re¬ported :Senator Wade of Ohio...came toLincoln to demand the dismissal on Lincolnof General Grant. At one pointLincoln observed: “Senator, thatreminds me of a story” “Yes,Yes,” Wade replied, “it is withyou, sir, all story, story! You arethe father of every militaryblunder that has been made dur¬ing the war. You are on your roadto hell, sir, and you are not a mileoff this minute.” Lincoln an¬swered, “Senator, that is justabout the distance from here to(your own office in) the Capitol(building) is it not?” Wade, asLincoln put it, “grabbed up hishat and cane and went away.”Then there was the story Lincoln toldabout his encounter in 1858 with an oldDemocrat from southern Illinois. “Soyou’re Abe Lincoln?” the old manasked. “Yes, that is my name,” saidLincoln. “They say your a self-mademan.” “Well yes,” Lincoln ad¬mitted, “what there is of me is self-made.” “Well, all I’ve got to say,”observed the old man after a carefulsurvey of the Republican candidate,“is that it was a damned bad job.”When we turn to Lincoln’s attitudetoward formal education, we find asomewhat similar division. Lincolnwas not only self made, but self taught.In an autobiography, he remarked thathe went to school, in his words, “by lit-tles.” Taken altogether, these “littles”add up to no more than 12 months ofclassroom teaching during his wholelife. In his congressional biography hedescribed his formal education withone word: “defective.” As he said inhis autobiography, “He was never(even) inside of a college or academybuilding...until he had a law license.What he has in the way of education hehas picked up.”At times, Lincoln thought that thiseducation by self help, outside schoolsand colleges, would also work forothers. The important point, he felt,was for the “great mass of men” to“immancipate themselves” from theidea that the “educated few” were “su¬perior beings” or that that commonpeople “were naturally incapable ofrising to quality.” When a young manasked about studying law, he answeredthat self-study might be enough.If you are resolutely determinedto make a lawyer of yourself,...itis a small matter whether youread with anybody or not. Get thebooks and read them and studythem till you understandthem...and that is the mainthing.But the other Lincoln also under¬stood the value of formal education. In1855, he prepared a brief in the McCor¬mack Reaper case, yet when the casewas argued in Cincinnati, the easternlawyers brushed Lincoln aside. Ratherthan sulk in a corner, Lincoln listenedattentively to their arguments...I am going home to study law (hetold a friend)...These College-trained men who have devotedtheir whole lives to study arecoming west...They study on asingle case perhaps for months,as we never do.A few years later he sent his oldestson east first to a prep school, then tocollege, and finally to law school. WhenLincoln became President, he signedthe Morill Act which launched the sys-for tern of land grant colleges that have be¬come our great state universities.This division between self-educationand formal schooling parallels anotherone, namely Lincoln’s attitude towardthe place of education in life. Certainly,he was an intellectual as well a giftedorator. For him, education was aprocess that continued indefinitely.When he was a young man, he ran¬sacked his friends’ libraries. As ayouth, he mastered a difficult Englishgrammar, and then learned surveying.As an older man, after he left Con¬gress, he learned the six books of Eu¬clid. All his life he read both Shake¬speare and the Bible. Lincoln, in short,was devoted to life of the mind. Educa¬tion was a way to live, a path he fol¬lowed from his boyhood to the end ofthe Civil War.. As he rather quaintlyput it,continued on page fiveLincolncontinued from page four“every individual was made withone head and one pair ofhands...and it was probably in¬tended that (the)...head shoulddirect and control that particularpair of hands...that being so,every head should be cultivated,and improved, by whatever willadd to its capacity for performingits charge. In one word (weneed)...universal education.”But once again, we encounter the twoLincoln’s. In fact, he was too much ofan American — by which I mean hewas both too practical, and too moral— to permit a sharp split betweentheory and practice, between the worldof work and the world of education.Let me give you two examples.During the senate campaign of 1858he argued with Stephen A. Douglasabout the founding fathers: did they in¬tend, or not, to keep slavery out of thefederal territories? After the election,Lincoln examined the question extensi¬vely. The research he reported in thefamous Cooper Institute speech of 1860was a piece of genuine scholarship thatany one of us would admire. But thissame speech was so impressive that italso transformed Lincoln from a pro¬vincial prairie politician to a nationalfigure. With his reputation assured, itwas now possible for him to win the Re¬publican nomination in 1860.Later, as the terrible Civil war con¬tinued, Lincoln saw that the unionarmies were being out-thought and out¬generaled. This time, he educated him¬self in military strategy, mastered itsfundamentals, and devised a plan thatwould win the war. So equipped, hebegan the search for the right general,which ended with Ulysses S. Grant.Here, then, is the first central point Iwish to make today: Lincoln refused tomake any sharp distinction betweentheory and practice, between booklearning and useful knowledge, be¬tween professional success and the lifeof the mind. The fact is that Lincoln’seducation never stopped. And that is amark of his genius.But there is a second point: Lincoln moved between different worlds — be¬tween funny stories and great oratory,between schools and self education, be¬tween books and practical politics. Yethis life was so remarkably rich andchallenging precisely because hesought out these differnt experiencesand responsibilities. And Lincoln alsobelieved deeply in the common people.He believed that all human beingsshould strive to improve and educatethemselves, and then apply that educa¬tion throughout their lives. Lincoln’sgreatest achievement was to become atruly whole and integrated person byreconciling these different parts of hislife. He did so by following the path towhich to which this University, and alltrue education, is devoted. For himthat path was to know oneself and then— as he said at Cooper Institute — toact “according to our duty as we un¬derstand it.”This is what Lincoln said in 1364:I desire so to conduct the affairsof this administration that if atthe end, when I have come to laydown the reins of power, (if) Ihave lost every other friend on earth, I shall at least have onefriend left, and that friend shallbe deep down inside me.Lincoln kept that faith. He made self-education his personal goal and thendevoted his enriched talents to the larger causes in which he believed.May that be said of each of us heretoday. May it be said particularly ofour graduates — of whom this Univer¬sity is so justly proud. Thank you verymuch.PublicationnoticeBecause next Thursday, July 4th, ourtypesetting and printing facilities willbe closed, the Maroon will next publishon July 12.Maroon offices, Ida Noyes 303 and304 will be closed July 4th as well.Happy Independence Day.TheChicagoMarooncourtesy of uni J. David GreenstoneMaroon Editorial PolicyAll letters and viewpoints must be submitted to the Maroonoffice, room 303 in Ida Noyes.Letters and viewpoints must be typed and double spaced.The Maroon reserves the right to decide what material to pub¬lish.All letters and viewpoints are subject to standard editing forgrammar, length, clarity, and libelous content. Letters andviewpoints should be no longer \han 300 words. All letters mustbe signed by the author and contain the author’s address andphone number for verification. The name of the author may bewithheld upon request.Signed editorials and commentaries represent the opinionsof the author. Unsigned editorials represent the concensus ofthe editorial board.THE CHICAGO MAROONIS CURRENTLY ACCEPTINGAPPLICATIONS FOR THE POSITIONS OF:Advertising ManagerResponsibilities— oversight of all aspects of advertisingproduction and sales— management of all advertising personnel— establishing & promoting excellent rapportwith clientsBenefits— base salary— commission— management experience in advertisingAdvertising RepresentativesResponsibilities—* maintaining constant contact with clientswithin our territory— designing advertising campaignsBenefits— commission— established territory & clienteleFor applications and more informationContact Brad Smith or Lisa Cypraat 962-9555, 1212 E. 59th St., room 304 Live inHyde Park's renovated1 K ^ lrt lakefront aristocrat j|m- for as little as BJ[y? 1 $290 per month. LIAn intricate terra-cotta relief sculpture of the Indian chiefTecumseh—just one of Del Prado's architectural nuances.Stepping through Del Prado's entryway takes youback to tne subtle elegance of yesteryear. Intricatemouldings and ornate cornice-work highlights thisrecently revitalized landmark.Our high-ceilinged one-bedroom apartments arefully carpeted with functional floor plans, individually-controlled heating and air conditioning and modernkitchens that feature all-new appliances and cabinetry.The Del Prado is perfectly situated to take advantageof the neighborhood's nearby parks (one right acrossthe street!) schools, beaches and shopping. And accessto the Loop is convenient with CTA and l£ commutingat the corner.Prices start at only $290 for students & $395 for 1bedrooms making the Del Prado Chicago's trulyaffordable grande dame. Call or stop and see ourmodels today..oibDel tPrado Daily 11-5Baird & WarnerHyde Park Bldv. at 53rd Street285-1855The Chicago Maroon—Friday, June 28, 1985—5Hyde ParkOngoingRecreation programs for the summer in¬clude:* Evening Softball*12 inch Softball* 2 on 2 Basketball* Tennis Tournament* Golf Instruction* Aerobics* Bocci Ball Tournament on July 13* Nautilus Clinic on August 9* 3 Mile Fun Run on August 10For more information call the Intramu¬ral and Recreational Sports office (Bartlett140) at 962-9557.Summer Nights is an evening program ofoutdoor entertainment offered by the U of Cin Hutch Court (in back of Reynolds Club).This year there will be six performances in¬cluding:July 13 and 14: Mozart’s The Marriage ofFigaro performed by the Lyric OperaCenter for American Artists. This operawill be performed in English with the Uni¬versity of Chicago Symphony Orchestra asaccompaniment.July 19 and 20: music for string and windensembles by the Highland Park Strings onthe 19th and the Sheffield Summer Windsthe next night.July 26, 27, and 28: The Gilbert and Sulli¬van Opera Company will present The Mi¬kado.August 2 and 3: Vocal music by the Mon¬teverdi Singers on August 2 and bluessinger Corky Siegel the next night.August 9 and 10: The Free ShakespeareCompany presents A Comedy of Errors.August 16 and 17: The Chicago Ensemblewill perform.Tickets are $6 to the public, $5 for stu¬dents and senior citizens. Call the box officeat 753-4472. In case of rain, performanceswill be held in Mandel Hall in ReynoldsClub.Currently on exhibit at the David andAlfred Smart Gallery are twelve Renais¬sance and Baroque woodcuts in Chiaro¬scuro Woodcuts: Color and Reproduction.The chiaroscuro woodcut was used in the16th and 17th centuries to replicate famousdrawings and paintings. Chiaroscuro is thefirst graphic arts technique to use coloredinks to simulate the effects of light andshade. These prints are now distinguishedfor the artists’ creative use of color and de¬sign in producting them.The Smart Gallery is located at 5550 S.Greenwood Ave. Hours are Tuesdaythrough Saturday, 10 am to 4 pm and Sun¬day 12 to 4 pm. Admission is free.Noontime concerts are another StudentActivities Office feature for the sum Tier.They all take place in Hutch Court (behindReynolds Club) from noon to 1 pm. In caseof rain, they will be moved into Reynolds| Club North Lounge. All concerts are freeand open to all. Look for:July 2: Least Squares - jazz music. July 9: Friedlander and Hall Quartet -mix of pop, jazz, blues.July 11: U of C Symphonic Wind Ensem¬bleJuly 16: The Jim Cooper Jazz QuartetJuly 18: Sally Fingerette - pop, eclecticmusicJuly 23: The Roberto Clemente H. S.Steel BandJuly 25: NRG - acoustic jazz fusiongroup ^July 30: Samradh traditional IrishmusicAugust 1: Dave Rudolph - pop, eclecticmusicAugust 6: Kim & Reggie Harris - pop, softrockAugust 8: West Indian Folk MusicAugust 13: The Blues Blowers - jug bandAugust 15: Kathv and Diane - pop music Things tosumRonnie MilsAlso, watch for International U of C Day onJuly 28. While cities all around the world cele¬brate, the U of C will celebrate with acue on campus.Other suggestions for a slow day or night inHyde Park:* Visit the DuSable Museum at CottageGrove and 59th Avenue.* Visit the Museum of Science and In¬dustry* Look for unusual records at Second HandTunes* Try a restaurant you haven’t been to yet -from Orly’s to Ten Tsuna to Harolds to Uni¬versity Gardens - Hyde Park tastes are di¬verse* See a movie at the new M & R theatre inHarper CourtDOC films and the Student Activities Officehave combined to present the following mov¬ies:6/26 Gilda (Vidor, 1946), 8 pm6/28 Zelig (Allen, 1983), 7:15 and 9pm6/29 Silkwood (Nichols, 1983), 7 and9:30pm7/02 Lilith (Rossen, 1964), 8pm7/03 West Side Story (Wise, 1961), 8pm7/05 Suspicion (Hitchcock, 1941), 7 and11pmNotorius (Hitchcock, 1946), 9pm7/06 Tess (Polanski, 1979), 7 and 10pm7/07 Shoot The Piano Player (Truffaut,1960), 8pm7/10 The Wild One (Benedek, 1954 ) 8pm7/12 Real Life (Brooks, 1979), 7 and 9pm7/16 Anatomy Of A Murder (Preminger,1959), 8pm7/17 Sahara (Korda, 1943), 8pm7/19 An Officer And A Gentleman (Hack-ford, 1983), 7 and 9:15pm7/20 Fanny And Alexander (Bergman,1983), 7:20pm7/24 Indiscreet (Donen, 1958), 8pm7/26 Forty Eight Hours (Hill, 1982), 7 and9pm7/27 Under Fire (Spottiswoode, 1983), 7 and9pmcontinued in column 7 Johnny CashZooiThe Brookfield Zoo will come alive this sum¬mer with the sounds of some well known musi- jucians. Zoofest ’85 will be highlighted by fivenights of music June 29-July 4 to raise money juto renovate Baboon Island.The following nights are planned:June 29 — Dionne Warwick with the Spin- doners th<July 2 — Kenny Rogers with Sawyer Brown Ti«July 3 — Bobby Vinton with Tom Dreesen ar(preceeded by a special afternoon ficPolka Party around the Zoo’s Roo- 55*sevelt Memorial Fountain hosted RcJoin the Maroon Monday, July 1st noonISSAT-PSATSAT ACT OUTACMEVEMFJrrS6REISAT IATSHE IIO T0CFLOK KTCN PUTOAT OCAT VATOCJTMl-? 3!ESI NumberONEIN TESTKKU PKEflWATION |tascas c(frsISPI ICLEIlE&KVHVflUin1•TOO TO LA* SCUM CLASSESFORMING NOWCall Days, Eves A WeekendsDUL-A-TEST HOTLINE (312) 50*0106ARLINGTON HEIGHTS 437-6650CHICAGO CENTER 764-5151HIGHLANOPARK 433-7410LA GRANGE CENTER 352- 5840SfeK&jj-HKHPiAHiwir MinguMTWAi cmnm up. APARTMENTS iillIK!8fFOR RENT 1GRAFF &CHECK1617 E, 55th St. $1 Vif 2V3, studios, and 11 bedroom apartments kin a quiet, well- Smaintained building. *Immediate Occupancy l!'BU8-5566 Studios, 1, 2, & 3 BedroomApartments AvailableSome Nice Lake ViewsGood LocationHeat IncludedParking AvailableCALLHERBERT REALTY* 684-23335% Student Discounts9:00 AM.-4:30 PMMonday thru Friday9:00 A.M.-2 P.M.Saturday EAST PARKTOWERSCharming, vintage building inEast Hyde Park now has alimited selection of lake andpark view apartments. Situatednear the I.C., we offer studios,one and two bedroom unitswith heat included in rent. Askabout our student and facultydiscount.324-6100 dscE6—The Chicago Maroon—Friday, June 28, 1985grv this Around ChicagoRM mm MR RM ^MThe Goodman Theater presents Spalding July 14merat>cfiCashby Frank Yankovic at 4:30 p.m.July 5 — Johnny Cash and Waylon Jenningswith June Carter and Jessi ColterJuly 6 — Loretta Lynn and Ronnie MilsapAll concerts will begin at 8 p.m. in an out¬door music theater with a capacity of 15,000 inthe northeast corner of the Zoo’s grounds.Tickets, which include admission to the Zoo,are available from the Brookfield Zoo Box Of¬fice at 485-5225 or from Ticketmaster at559-1212. Tickets are $14.50, except KennyRogers tickets which cost $18.50.yfestie Milsap The Goodman Theater presents ScaldingGray in ‘Swimming in Cambodia’ at the BriarStreet Theater (3133 N. Halsted — one blocvsouth of Belmont). Part I will be performedJune 29 at 7 pm. Part II will be performedJune 28 and 30 at 8 pm and June 29 at 9 pm.Tickets are $11-$12 for individual per/rimances. You can pay $20 in advance forguaranteed admission to Parts I and II.*****Current exhibits at the Art Institute of Chi¬cago: Marc Chagall works on paper, throughJuly 7; ‘Andre Kertesz: Of Paris and NewYork,’ through July 14; ‘Manet as Print-maker: Works from the Collection of the ArtInstitute,’ through Sept. 2.. The Art Institute will offer ‘Chinoiserie in.18th-Century Ceramics: Objects from the Per¬manent Collection’ on July 1-September 15 inGallery 120A. “This exhibition combines ex¬amples of 18th-century European ceramics'and Chinese export wares with key Chineseporcelain examples to illustrate important re¬lationships of imitation and derivation,” ac-to Mosaic, the Art Institute’s bi¬survey.‘Leonardo to Van Gogh: Master Drawingsfrom Budapest’ will be on exhibition to the ArtInstitute July 27-September 22. This exhibitwas chosen by American and Hungarian cura¬tors and is highlighted by Italian, German,and Netherland masters like Raphael, Huber,Hoffman, and Albrecht Altdorfer.Closer to home, ‘Great Drawings from theArt Institute of Chicago: The Harold JoachimYears’ will be exhibited July 27-September 29in Gallery 118. Joachim served at the Art In¬stitute for 25 years as curator. One hundredand three drawings were selected from themany that Joachim acquired.* * * * *Try a boat ride on the Star of Chicago tomake; a hot Chicago evening special. Thereare daily lunch, brunch, dinner and cocktailcruises on Lake Michigan. ‘All you can eatbuffet,’ live entertainment, dancing, compli¬mentary hors-d’ouvres are featured on allweekend cocktail cruises, as well as a liveband. Star of Chicago is docked at HistoricalNavy Pier. Call 1-800-782-7827 for reservationsand informations.*****Wendella Boat Tours take another water¬way — the Chicago River — on its tours. Thisboat is docked near the Michigan Avenuebridge and departs many times daily. Formore information, call 337-1446.*****Ravinia Festival in Highland Park is amusical extravaganza this year in its 50thanniversary season. The following are onlysome of the nightly musical perfor¬mances:June 28: Gala opening concert with theChicago Symphony Orchestra (CSO) at8:30 pm — $30-$28-$25/$5 lawn.June 29: Kiri Te Kanawas in Raviniadebut with the CSO at 8:30 pm — $25-$22-$20/$5 lawn.June 30: Haydn: The Creation with theCSO at 7:30 pm — $20-$18-$16/$5 lawn.July 4: Paul Whiteman’s Historic AeolianConcert at 5 pm $3/$l lawn.July 10: Preservation Hall Jazz Band at 8pm — $14-$12/$5 lawn.July 13: Leontyne Price/James Levinewith the CSO at 8:30 pm — $25-$22-$20/$5lawn. July 14: Seiji Ozawa/Peter Serkin withthe CSO at 7:30 pm — $25-$22-$20/$5 lawn.July 19: An Evening with Chuck Man-gione at 8 pm — $16-$14/$5.July 21: Boston Pops on Tour/ John Wil¬liams conductor at 7:30 pm — $25-$22-$20/$5lawn.July 26: An Evening with Roger Whit¬taker at 8 pm — $18-$16/$5 lawn.July 29: An Evening with the Dichtersand the Emerson Quartet at 7 pm at Mur¬ray Theatre — $18.August 2: Big Band Sounds from “TheSummer of ’36” at 8 pm — $18-$16/$5lawn.August 4: Ravinia Pops: A Choral Spec¬tacular at 7:30 pm — $20-$18/$5 lawn.August 6: Spyro Gyra with MighaelHedges at 8 pm — $16-$14/$5 lawn.August 8: A Russian Evening with theCSO at 8:30 pm — $20-$18-$16/$5 lawn.August 11: Ravinia Pops: Salute toBroadway at 7:30 pm — $20-$l8/$5 lawn.August 13: The Wynton Marsalis Quartetat 8 pm — $16-$l4/$5 lawn.August 14: Ella Fitzgerald and Oscar Pe¬terson at 8 pm — $25-$20/$5 lawn.August 16: An Evening with GordonLightfoot at 8 pm — $16-$14/$5 lawnSeptember 10-14: Court Theatre at TheUniversity of Chicago — Heartbreak Houseor Man and Superman at Murray Theatreat 8 pm — $20-$15.Hyde Park contd.continued from column 17/28 Tokyo Story (Ozu, 1960), 8pm7/30 You Only Live Once (Lang, 1937),8pm7/31 Lady Sings The Blues (Furie, 1972),8pm8/02 Baby It’s You (Sayles, 1983), 7 and9pm8/03 The Marriage Of Maria Braun(Fassbinder, 1978), 7 and 9:15pm8/07 Marnie (Hitchcock, 1964), 8pm8/09 The Thing (Carpenter, 1982), 7 and9pm8/10 The Passenger (Antonioni, 1975), 7and 11:15pmBow-Up (Antonioni, 1966), 9:15pm8/14 Unfaithfully Yours (Sturges. 1948),8pm8/16 Repulsion (Polanski. 1965), 7 and11:15pmThe Tenant (Polanski, 1976), 9pm8/17 Amarcord (Fellini, 1974), 7 and9:15pm8/21 China Syndrome (Bridges, 1979), 8pm8/23 Octopussy (Glen, :983), 7 and9:15pm8/14 Breaker Morant (Beresford, 1979), 7and 9pm8/25 Aparajita (Ray, 1957). 8pmAll shows are in Cobb Hall’s air-condi¬tioned Quantrell Auditorium, 5811 S. EllisAve. (1000 E.) Admission is $2.00 Sundaysand Tuesdays, and $2.50 Wednesdays, Fri¬days and Saturdays. All times are PM. Forfurther information, call 962-8575/4. or dropby our office, Cobb 315. Schedule is subjectto change without notice.A CLASSIC RESIDENCEIN ACLASSIC LOCATIONFIFTY-TWO HUNDREDSOUTH BLACKSTONETHE BLACKWOODLuxury, high rise apartmentbuilding in the Hyde Park area nowoffering a limited selsction of oneand two bedroom apartments.Situated near the Illinois Central,University of Chicago, HarperCourt and only a short walk fromthe lake, our apartments future cen¬tral air conditioning, individuallycontrolled heat, ceramic tile, securi¬ty intercom, new appliances andwall to wall carpeting. Onebedrooms from only $430, twobedrooms from *550. Ask about ourstudent and faculty discount.684-8666 International HousePresentsRAICESDELANDEplaying traditionalmusic ofSouth AmericaFRIDAY, JUNE 288:30 p.m., COURT YARD1414 E. 59th ST.INTERNATIONAL HOUSEADMISSION:GENERAL $300RESIDENTS $100The Chicago Maroon—Friday. June 28, 1985—7SG committees have been formed'Terry TrojanekSG comnfittees have been organizedfor next year. The finance committeewhich consists of eight members of theSG assembly was elected. The FinanceCommittee Chairman, Lisa Montgo¬mery, and Treasurer, Bill McDade,are seated on the committee by the uni¬versity wide elections. The remainingsix members of the committee electedfrom the SG assembly are; StephanieDemas, first year student in the Col¬lege; Dan Eads, graduate student inthe Physical Sciences; Steve Kurtz,Law School student, Carrie Levine,second year student in the College;Cary Meyers, Medical student; andMartin Sumner, from the graduateMellonThree University of Chicago gradu¬ates are winners of the coveted Mellonr eilowship. They are Pamela J. John¬son BA ‘85 (English Literature), Ed¬ward Manouelian, BA ‘85 (Russian Lit¬erature) and Jacob Corre, BA ‘81(History).The Mellon Fellowships in the Hu¬manities seek to encourage persons in-Ida Noyescontinued from page onethird phase as all its necessary fundinghas not yet been secured. The universi¬ty will not plan construction until thephase is ully funded. Lynn Bender,Director of Physical Planning and Con¬struction, estimates that the phase willcost 2.8 million dollars.An important focus of this phase isthe use of the space created by the newlockers of phase two. The new lockerswill only use one-third of the space ofthe old ones. Conley notes that a pre¬vious proposal for this space, a videogame room, is no longer acceptablesince general interest in video gameshas declined in the past few years.Other plans under the third phase in¬clude upgrading the Ida Noyes Pub,the building’s light fixtures, heatingand electrical systems, uncovering theskylight above the cafe, adding a t.v. school of Business.At the previous SG meeting, chair¬men for the other SG committees wereappointed. University Services is to bechaired by Alison Inafuku withDaycare Program for Students Sub¬committee to be run by Leslie Lepeska.Stephen Menn remains as chairman ofthe Academic Affairs Committee. Stu¬dent Services will be co-chaired byLisa Bernstein and Mary Lynn Birke.Starley Shade and Terri Montague willco-chair the Community RelationsCommittee, and Raj Nanda and Jen¬nifer Jane will share chairmanship ofthe Activities Committee. Committeesare open to all students in the universi¬ty-winnersterested in careers of humanisticteaching and scholarship. The stipendfor Mellon Fellows entering graduateschool in the fall will be $8500 plus pay¬ment of tuition to their graduateschool.For information about the 1986 Mel¬lon Fellowship competition please con¬tact Betsy Skeens at 962-8619lounge, and billiard tables in the base¬ment, and making other repairs thatwill be determined on a room-by-roombasis.The proposal for a six lane bowlingalley in the basement will most likelybe dropped because of cost and uncer¬tainty about its popularity.Bender notes that many of the im¬provements scheduled in the thirdphase will depend on construction costswhich unfortunately, have been risingwith the improved economy.Concert for Kampuchea (Keef, 1980)At the request of the UN Secretary-General, leading British musicianscame together to perform a series ofbenefit concerts to aid the people ofKampuchea (formerly Cambodia).The result is a film of incredible spiritand intensity. Sunday, June 30 at 8 and9:30 p.m. International House. $2 —BT i Put the pastin your future!LIVE IN AN HISTORIC LANDMARKThoroughly renovated apartments offer generous floor space com¬bined with old-fashioned high ceilings. Park and lakefront providea natural setting for affordable elegance with dramatic views.—All new kitchens and appliances—Wall-to-wall carpeting —Resident manager—Air conditioning —Round-the-clock security—Optional indoor or —Laundry facilities onoutdoor parking each floor—Piccolo Mondo European gourmet food shop and cafeStudios, One-, Two- and Three-Bedroom ApartmentsOne-bedroom from $545 • Two-bedroom from $755Rent includes heat, cooking gas and master TV antenna(jCtoewiefe/toHse1642 East 56th StreetIn Hyde Park, across the park fromThe Museum of Science and IndustryEqual Housing Opportunity Managed by Metroplex, IncEYEGLASSES\oUR REGULAR PRICEt COMPLETEsingle visiondesigner glassesOffer expires 7/5/85Contacts & SmsUnlimitedGLASSES AT OURGOLD COAST LOCATION ONLY!1051 N. Rush SI. • 042-EYES(At State/Cedor/Rwb, above Sdanma Cooper Drop) CONTACTLENSESOUR REGULAR PRICE30 day extendedwear lenses$3375SOFIA! \ 11 \\l> B \l sell VNI)I.OMB'OM X . PROFESSION \| EKE• XDDI I ION \1 KEQl IKED.Offer expires 7/5/85Contact LensesUnlimitedEVANSTON1724 Sherman Ave.OA.A AAAI«»0*l**f*f*f 1 NEWTOWN25o& N. Clark Si.880-5400 GOLD COAST1051 N. Rush Si.(At State/Cedar/Rash,above Sobaw Cooper Drap)642-EYES a8—The Chicago Maroon—Friday, June 28, 1985Kl:IMBARK LIQUORS & WINE SHOPPE1X14 East 5Jrd Street • In Kimbark Plaza 493*3355STROH’S24-12 02 CANS$7.99*6" COOR’S12-12 oz CANS$429ALFABEER 6-12 oz BHs. $2*9 BUDWEISER6-12 oz CANS . _ _$199cold onlyGROLSHBEER 2-16 oz. BHs. $1»»BLUE NUN750 mlCELLACADORA750 ml. 9 MENDICINOCABERNET *7»»7*10* SAUVIGNON2 /$5 ZINFANDELftAtTUES ft JAYMES^ 20% OFF z^mfXSSs ?ScLr4 -20z Bti $299DOMAINECHANDON750 ml.$929ABSOLUTVODKAe \ 750 ml.$999BURNETT’SGIN750 ml.$399 BURNETTSVtTTiUft*°JIT 0^ SPARKLING WINEBLUE NUNSPARKLING750 ml.$459SPIRITS .*!.POPOVVODKA1.75 Lt.$799 MOET CHANDONWHITE STAR750 ml.GRANT’SSCOTCH750 ml.$799 $12990 OLDJUL FORRESTERfit 1 86° 750 ml.$599SEAGRAM'Sv.o.750 ml.$7297 UP, Diet 7 UP2 Liter $1 19Wr rfr>C9#c tht nyh» >0 limit yi>o<i»«1ies Acorrect pnnHog error 5 Ail SALES ITEMS NQT <.{D Moo.-Pn., B om 1 on, Fn. So*., 8 om • 2 on, Son Noon MidnightVan kAtl*tmrrr*d A ck*rUPomerleau Hiilel Summer EventsAdat Shalom will meetJuly 12July 26August 9August 23Tisha B’av ServicesSaturday, July 279:00 p.m.Sunday, July 28Time to be announcedServices for Upstairs MinyanandYavnehWhite Sox Game - Monday, August 12Canoe Trip - A Sunday in AugustCOMPUTING SYSTEMSCOME SEE US AT OUR NEWPERMANENT LOCATION OUR FAMOUS STUFFED PIZZA IN THE PANIS NOW AVAILABLE IN HYDE PARKcocktails • Pleasant Dining • Pick-upWe specialize in meeting the needs of the academic forwriting, tiling, research.Take a system home today, be producing tomorrow.Specials:Kay pro 4-83 '990new, factory warranty, full softwareKay pro 1 s106o2 DSDD drives, graphics, NewWordSpecial prices on diskettes, CP/M and MS/DOS systems,the new KAYPRO 2000.Kaypro dealer - Service - Upgrades "Chicago’s best pizza!” - Chicago Magazine, March 1977"The ultimate in pizzar - New York Times, January 1980Ring the bell at The Columbian5220 S. Harpe-Hours: 1 - 6 PM daily or by appointPhone: 667-2075Tools For Your Mind... 5311S. Blackstone Ave.947-0200Open 11 a.m.-midnight Monday-Thursday11 a.m.-1 a.m. Friddy and SaturdayNoon-Midnight Sunday(Kitchen closes half hour earlier)The Chicago Maroon—Friday. June 28. 1985—9Calendarcontd.Breast cancer is the chief cause ofcancer deaths among Americanwomen. One out of every 11 women willhave breast cancer. To educate womenon how early cancer detection can savetheir lives, Hyde Park CommunityHospital is conducting a BreastScreening Clinic new through the sum¬mer months.Become educated in breast self-ex¬amination at no cost. Mammography,if warranted (based on AmericanCancer Society guidelines), is avail¬able at a reduced rate of $50. Clinicsare scheduled each Tuesday andThursday from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. No ap¬pointment necessary. For further in¬formation call Hyde Park CommunityHospital at 643-9200, Extension 358.* * * Crime Map47 THUKl MICHIGANThis information was compiled from crime reports dated June 19-26.Theft # Burglary Battery ■Chazlotte cViftstzom<zRca( Estate Co.493-06661638 EAST 55thHOUSE TOURSUNDAY: June 30th, 2-46900 Constance"In the heart of jackson Park Highlands"9 room splendid brick residence, situated on corner garden lot. Newkitchen. Many special excellent features throughout. 2-car brickgarage. $187,500NEW LISTING CLASSIFIEDSCLASSIFIEDADVERTISINGClassified advertising in the Chicago Maroon is$2 for the first line and $1 for each additionalline. Lines are 45 characters long INCLUDINGspaces and punctuation. Special headings are20 character lines at $2 per line. Ads are not ac¬cepted over the phone, and they must be paidin advance. Submit all ads in person or by mailto The Chicago Maroon, 1212 E. 59th St.,Chicago, III. 60637 ATTN Classified Ads. Ouroffice is in Ida Noyes Rm. 304. Deadlines:Wednesday noon for the Friday issue, Fridaynoon for the Tuesday issue. Absolutely no ex¬ceptions will be made! In case of errors forwhich the Maroon is responsible, adjustmentswill be made or„ corrections run only if thebusiness office is notified WITHIN ONECALENDAR WEEK of the original publica¬tion. The Maroon is not liable for any errors.SPACE UNIV PARK STUDIO 1401 E 55th sublet JulyAug possible fall opfion, pool, part turn. $420.Call evening only 684-2352.WALK TO CAMPUS 2br 2ba rug window-decornear train bus shops 24 hr sec A/C pool 650 947-9597„PEOPLE WANTEDRESEARCH TECHNICIAN position availableJuly 1, 1985 for project involving studies onsteroid hormone action. Applicant should havea B.A., B.S. or M.S. with Bioscience orchemistry major; research emphasizes protein biochemistry, recombinant DNA techni¬ques and immunochemical methods. Pleasecontact Dr. Geoffrey L. Greene at 962-6964 inthe Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research.Need non equity actors: Black males 20-27.White males 40-55, black females 35-50. Blackmale 40-55. Send picture . resume to DavidRoss, P.O. Box 198764 Chicago, IL 60619.58th & Kenwood4 Bedroom Condo. Large garden, big back porch, woodburningfireplace. Excellent condition. $94,000NEAR KENWOOD ACADEMY:6 Bedroom Victorian Row House.Remodeling in process. Wonder¬ful new back deck. $112,000.55th & Blackstone2 room studio $25,0003 room (1 bedroom) $31,5003 room (1 bedroom) $32,5004 room (2 bedroom) $53,500(with garage)OTHER CAMPUS PLACES56th & Harper5 room - big back porch, $52,500.56th & Dorchester r5 room tasteful decor. All appliances. $64,00055th & Dorchester5 room - top floor. Excellent condition. (7.9% mortgage) $56,000.MADISON PARK LUXURY LAYOUT9 rooms, fireplace, designer kitchen. 7.9% loan. $140,000. APARTMENTS AVAILABLEStudios, one, two 8. 3 bedrms some lake viewsnear 1C, CTA & U of C shuttle, laundryfacilities, parking available, heat & water in¬cluded. 5% discounts for students HerbertRealty684 23339 4:30Mon. Fri.9-2on Sat.Furnished room Kitchen Priv Any Terms 955-7083.Spacious third floor of Kenwood homeavailable for $100/month plus being in chargeof household when parents are out. Children 18,16, 12 (older two away during school year),dog. Ideal for graduate couple; quietneighborhood on U.C. bus route; separate entrance. Minimum commitment through 9/86preferred. Please call 548-0016 or 962-7588 withreferences.Summer sublet w/renewal option furnished ef¬ficiency. U Park Condos. Catherine 288 5739.Lincoln Park 2 level condo fireplace, l'/2 bth,2000 sq. ft. $65,000 (has $85,000 appraisal) 4330N. Sheridan, A historic street near lake 281-4351.Studio condo for rent University Park Deluxenr UC full amenities w/heat poo!, parking,Lynn 393-1034 leave message if not in.Gracious, spacious, campus apartmentsuitable for University couple without childrenor pets. Partially furnished 962-1470.Female Roommate WantedOwn bedroom, bathroom, & entrance. View ofLake & park. 5050 S. Lake Shore Drive(Regents Park). Lease begins Aug. 1, 1985.$342/month Dial 955-5750. Right and left-handers needed for psychologyexperiments. Earn up to $5/hr. doing simpleperceptual tasks. Leave message at 962-7591.People needed for study on drugs & cognition.Only commonly prescribed drugs. Simpleperceptual tasks .. mood questionnaires. Pays$50. Leave message at 962-7591.SERVICESJUDITH TYPES-and has a memory. Phone955-4417.PASSPORT PHOTOS WHILE U WAIT ModelCamera 1342 E. 55th St. 493-6700LARRY'S MOVING 8. DE LIVE R Y. To pick upa piece of furniture on the other side of the city,to move boxes or a small household, callanytime. Lowest rates in the city. 743-1353.WEDDING PHOTOGRAPHYThe Eetter Image 643 6262Trio Con Brio: Classical and light pop musicfor weddings, other occasions. Call 643-5007.UNIVERSITY TYPING SERVICEWordprocessing and EditingOne block from Regenstein LibraryJames Bone, 363-0522Exper. Typing: Student papers, etc. 684 6882.Hyde Park moving and hauling discount pricesto staff & students for 12/hour free cartonsdel'd €\/c household moves many other ser-vices. 193-9122.10—The Chicago Maroon—Friday, June 28, 1985CLASSIFIEDSFAST FRIENDLY TYPING-resumes, papers,all materials. Arlene at 924-4449.FOR SALEDODGE ASPEN 7»st wag EXCELLENT CON-DITION most sell call 924-1092.For Sale Letter Quality daisy-wheel Printer:DYNAX DX 15 Parallel bi-direct (identicalBrother 15, emulates Diablo 630), 36 pin CEN¬TRONICS cable. Used 2 months, $350. CallSarkar 955-3062.TOYOTA-82 TERCEL SR5; 30+ mpg, 5-speed,A/C excellent cond., front whl drive, garaged,$4,250 call 728-7440 evenings.SCENESPotluck Dinner and Music In The Garden ThisSaturday, June 29th at Crossroads Int'l StudentCenter 5621 Blackstone. Join us at 5:30 for adrink. Dinner at 6:00, music at 8:00.English Classes for Summer Quarter atCrossroads. 5621 Blackstone. Beginning, In¬termediate and Advanced. For more info call684-6060.Backyard Barbeque - A Welcome Party fornew foreign students sponsored by the Int'lStudent Organization and Crossroads. Satur¬day July 13 at 5:30 pm. Please make reserva¬tions by Wednesday, July 10 at Crossroads,5621 S. Blackstone, 684-6060. $3 adults, $1.50kids.PETS2 adorable kittens available free 493-8130.PIANO LESSONSwith EDWARD MONDELLO, piano teachermusic dept. 1960-82. 752-4485.THE MEDICI DELIVERSDaily from 4 pm call 667-7394.HYDE PARK MOVERSMoving and hauling discount prices to staff &students from 12/hour free cartons del'd n/chousehold moves many other services 493-9122,JOIN JAZZERCISE NOWJazzercise is starting new sessions now. Don'tmiss out. Class offered at 6.30 pm Tuesdaysand Thursdays in the Blue Gargoyle, 57th andUniversity Ave. Now is the time to get in shapefor summer. For more info call 436-4115.UNIV, PARK FOR RENTDeluxe studio University Park top floor fullamenities w/heat, pool, parking, health clubplease call Lynn 393-1034 Iv message if not in.CUBS WIN!Cubs win! Cubs win! Wher? Any time soon.See it on Pub's Big Screen TV. Most nightgames. Latter part of day games. Most Soxaway games. Pub opens 4:30 M-F. Basement ofIda Noyes, 59fh & Woodlawn. Members, 21 +.MACINTOSH512K UPGRADE $299Upgrade your 128K Macintosh for only $299.Full 90 day warranty on parts & labor. Freepick-up & delivery in Hyde Park area. To orderplease call 363-5082.Cybersystems, Inc.Developers of computer hardware & softwareDANCE NIGHTPub tonight 10:30-1:30 DJ tunes. 40% off on 8tap beers 10:30-12. Members + their guests,21 + .SECRETARY 9Secretary 9 Capable typist (60-70 wpm) mustoe accurate; abi1 ity to proofread and editscientific manuscripts. Word processor ex¬perience helpful. Ability to deal with demanding laboratory staff. Duties include admmistrstive responsibilities necessary forKeeping up v-ifh a busy chairman-who.travelsextensively and has numerous visitingdignitaries, capability to handle telephonecalls (overseas as well), make decisions andassume responsibility. Use of a dictaphonenecessary. If you are interested and capable,please call 2-1620.FEELING DOWN & BLUE?if so, you may qualify to participate in a studyto evaluate drug preference. Earn $150 foryour participation in this 4 week study. Involves only commonly prescribed drugs, if youare between 21 and 35 years old and in goodhealth, call 962-3560 between 9a.m. and 12 noonfor further Information, Refer to study X4. FEELINGTENSE,ANXIOUS?If so, you may qualify to receive 6 weeks oftreatment for your anxiety at the University ofChicago Medical Center. Treatment will befree of charge in return for participation in a 3week study to evaluate medication preference.Participants will also receive $60. Involves on¬ly commonly prescribed drugs. If you are bet¬ween 21 & 55 years old and in good health, call962-3560 for further information.$ EARN EXTRA MONEYSSelected volunteers wil! receive $190 for participating in a 6 to 7 week drug preferencestudy. Involves only commonly prescribed,non-experimemal drugs. Minimum time re¬quired. Volunteers must be between 21 and 35years old and in good health. Call 962-3560 bet¬ween 9a.m. and 12 noon. Refer to study X7.EARN MONEY WHILEYOU HAVE FUN WITHYOUR FRIENDS...We are looking for groups of four friends toparticipate in a drug preference study. Youand your friends will spend one evening eachweek for seven weeks in our recreational areafrom 7-11 pm. We pay $160.00 for your par¬ticipation. You will take only commonlyprescribed drugs or over-the-counter drugs:No experimental drugs involved. RECRUITYOUR FRIENDS! CALL 962-3560 M-F, 9am-noon, for more information or to participate.Subjects must be between 21 and 35 years ofage.M.I.S.S.Efficient Accurate & Convenient secretarialservices. Dissertations, thesis, resumes, termpapers & general typing. Call M.E.S.S. 288-DANCE NIGHTPub tonight 10:30-1:30 DJ tunes. 40% off on 8tap beers 10:30-12. Members + their guests,21 + . Join theMaroon fora photorefilingpartyMonday,July 1stnoonGOOD FOODGOOD FUN CHINESI-AMIRICAN RESTAURANTSpecializing In Cantoneseand American dishesOpen Doily 11 A.-8:30 P.M. •Closed Monday1311L 63rd XU 4-1062HYDE PARK’SNEWEST ADDRESSOFDISTINCTIONCORNELL PLACE5346 South CornellYou must see our tastefullyrenovated high-rise in EastHyde Park. This classicbuilding has the traditionalelegance of a distinguishedHyde Park residence, yet theclean, refreshed interior of anew building. Each spaciousapartment features amplecloset room, modern ap¬pliances, wall to wallcarpeting, ceramic tile, in¬dividually controlled heat andbeautiful views overlooking thelovely surroundings of the HydePark Community or the Lake.We offer studios and onebedroom units with varyingfloor plans starting at $325.Parking available. Ask aboutour student and facultydlsount.667-8776Hyde Park-Kenwood CommunityHealth Center1515 E. 52nd Place(entrance on Harper Court)announces a new addition to ourwomen’s health care staffRESEARCH:OUR BUSINESSYOUR SKILLSResearch Pros, Inc., is seeking qualifiedresearchers, especially those experienced withLotus 1-2-3, to work for our clients on a part-time basis. Send a resume and cover letterstating special skills and time available to:Research Pros, Inc.P.O. Box 802035Chicago, IL 60680-2035 Alfreda Hampton, M.D.Obstetrics and GynecologyAccepting HMO Illinois,appointment line: 643-7100 Maxicare, Medicare, Visa24 hour and information: 643-1600 and Mastercard■Our salons otfei you everythingl Vo*r» ha»r shaping and styling' tq perms ana colors plusQpsmet'cs na»‘ care and somuch mo»ehair performers ANNIVERSARYPERM SALEFor Our New As Well As Established ClientsCUSTOM PERMSNOW $15 ■ s30Reg. $30 - $60Hairshaping & styling not included1621 EAST 55th STREETCHICAGO 241-7778 Now you can tanwithout the sun....at your nearbyWolff SystemTanning Center• Tan without painful sunburns.• Tan in spite of the weather• Keep your tan all year long. 10 VISITS$3000The Chicago Maroon—Friday. June 28. iy85—11ECLECTIC ED MINI-COURSESAfro-Carribean Dance — Mon-Wed 6:30-8.00 p.m. $30 for six weeksJazz Dance — Mon-Wed I-. 5:30-7:00 p.m. ||: 7:00-8:30 p.m. $40 for six weeksCo-Ed Aerobics — Tue-Fri 5:15-6:15 p.m. $30 for six weeksBelly Dance — Tue 1:6:15-7:15 II: 7:15-8:15 p.m. $15 for six weeksYoga — Mon. 6:00-8:00 p.m. $25 for 4 weeksClasses begin July 1st. Sign-up in SAO, 210 Ida NoyesJULY FILMS:Fri. 6/28 — Zelig 7:15 & 9:00 p.m.Sat. 6/29 — Silkwood 7:00 & 9:30 p.m.Wed. 7/03 — West Side Story 8:00 p.m.Fri. 7/05 — Suspicion 7:00 & 11:00 p.m.Notorious 9:00 p.m.Sat. 7/06 — Tess 7:00 & 10:00 p.m.Wed. 7/10 —The Wild One 8:00 p.m.Fri. 7/12 —Real Life 7:00 & 9:00 p.m.Sat. 7/13 — Places In The Heart 7:00 & 9:00 p.m.Wed. 7/17 — Sahara 8:00 p.m.Fri. 7/19 — An Officer And A Gentleman 7:00 & 9:15 p.m.Sat. 7/20 — Fanny And Alexander 7:30 p.m.Wed. 7/24 — Indiscreet 8:00 p.m.Fri. 7/26 — Forty Eight Hours 7:00 & 9:00 p.m.Sat. 7/27 — Under Fire 7:00 & 9:00 p.m.Wed. 7/31 — Lady Sings The Blues 8:00 p.m.All films shown in air-conditioned Quantrell Auditorium, 5811 S. Ellis Ave.Admission is $2.50JULY NOONTIME CONCERTSTue. 7/02 — Least SquaresTue. 7/09 — Freidlander & HallThu. 7/11 — UC Symphonic Wind EnsembleTue. 7/16 — Jim Cooper QuartetThu. 7/18 —Sally FingeretteTue. 7/23 — Clemente Steel BandThu. 7/25 — NRGTue. 7/30 — Samhradh JazzEclectic/PopSymphonicJazzEclectic/PopSteel BandFusion/JazzEthnic/IrishAll concerts are held in Hutch Court (in case of rain, North Lounge Reynolds Club)from 12:00 noon to 1:00 p.m. Free!* * Please Save * *For a complete schedule of summer events, pick up a calendar from SAO,Room 210 Ida Noyes Hall.“ADVENTURE ON THE QUADS”Presented by the Student Activities OfficeThe Chicago MaroonVolume 95, No. 2 The univereitTof Chicago Frlday’ JuJy 12’ 1985Faculty hit by newtuition tax rulesROSEMARY BUNNSummer Nights bring hot theaterThe Summer Nights Outside entertainment provides something to do other than sit¬ting and sweating once it gets hot.Rosenheim named Ml. Humanities chairBy Chris HillSome University facultymembers face “serious” fi¬nancial problems because ofnew federal tax regulationswhich will count University-funded scholarships for cer¬tain faculty children as tax¬able income. The Universitywill not, however, increasetax withholding from facultypaychecks.The new regulations, whichtook effect on July 1, apply tosome 100-200 facultymembers who receive bene¬fits under the Faculty Chil¬dren’s Scholarship Program(FCSP) and who earn in ex¬cess of $47,000 per year—which places them within astatutory definition of “highlycompensated” employees.The potential impact of thenew regulations has raisedmuch concern among faculty,and University PresidentHanna Gray announced in aJune 21 letter to facultymembers the establishmentof a new University loan pro¬gram to help faculty familiescope with the added taxa¬tion.The FCSP provides full tu¬ition scholarships for childrenof Chicago faculty to attendthe College here, and alsoprovides tuition payment upto the level of full U of C tu¬ition for faculty children whoattend any other accreditedfour-year college. Whilemany other universities pro¬vide some sort of tuitionbreak for faculty childrenwho attend their own school,not many schools offer a pro¬gram with benefits “port¬able” to any institution thatthe child chooses to attend. “Very few others have aprogram as extensive ” notedArthur Sussman, UniversityGeneral Counsel and VicePresident for Administra¬tion.The FCSP is one of threemajor programs throughwhich the University pro¬vides scholarship benefits tochildren of its employees. Theother two programs providehalf-tuition scholarships forchildren of any Universityemployee who attend the LabSchool or College.The University spends ap¬proximately $ 5 million peryear on the three programs,and about 250 children re¬ceive benefits under theFCSP each year.Until now, those benefitswere tax free, but under legis¬lation passed last year byCongress, such benefits canonly remain tax-free if thebenefit programs do not dis¬criminate in favor of “of¬ficers, owners, or highly com¬pensated employees.”Since the half-tuition pro¬grams apply to children of allUniversity employees, theirbenefits remain tax-free. TheFCSP, however, applies onlyto faculty, and Sussman saysthat the cost of extending theprogram eligibility to keep ittax-free would be “difficult tocontemplate financially.”Gray’s letter declared thatsuch changes were “not poss¬ible.”Thus, FCSP benefits arenow considered taxablefringe benefits for facultymembers whom the govern¬ment defines as “highly com¬pensated.” In the U of C’scontinued on page two By Larry KavanaghIn late May, Ned Rosen¬heim was elected chairman ofthe board of directors of theIllinois Humanities Council.For the last four years, Ro¬senheim has done a greatdeal to enrich life in Illinoisthrough his work as amember of the board of direc¬tors of the Illinois HumanitiesCouncil. The council regrantsmoney given it by the Nation¬al Endowment for the Hu¬ manities, corporate dona¬tions, and private gifts toworthy projects statewide. Inthe past, proposals fundedhave varied from radio pro¬grams and publications tofestivals and pagents honor¬ing prominent figures in Illi¬nois history and literature.This year the counil providedmoney for the drama at CourtTheatre and a workshop atthe Oriental Institute for highschool teachers.Under his guidance the Hu¬ manities Council plans to un¬dertake a major program tohighlight the rich cultural his¬tory of the state. This pro¬gram. given the catchy In¬vent Illinois, will concentrateon such things as the experi¬ences of emigrants and theway in which towns devel¬oped into cities. As chairman,Rosenheim will oversee allthe projects of the council andwill participate directly inmany./ — >Illinois Central Gulf planning to raise Zone 2 faresBy Marcia LehmbergThe Regional Transit Au¬thority (RTA) has proposedchanges in the fares for the Il¬linois Central Gulf (ICG)commuter railroad which willaffect riders in the Hyde Parkarea. \The changes include an in¬crease in the one-way fare be¬tween Zone 2 and Zone 1, from$1.35 to $1.60, and an increasein the one-way fare for travelwithin any Zone, from $1.15 to$1.60.There are also severalchanges which will decreasefares for frequent riders ofthe ICG A 10-ride ticket for$13.50 and a new, discountedweekly ticket for $12.80 willbe available. In addition, thecost of a monthly ticket willdecrease from $47.25 to$43.20.Affording to AldermanLawrence Bloom (5th Ward), the problem writh thesechanges is that studies of ICGridership between Zone 2 andZone 1 show that most com¬muters purchase one-way orround trip tickets. If the pro¬posals go into effect, he fearsthat ‘ significantly more peo¬ple will go from the RTA to the CTA.” This would causeovercrowding on CTA buses.Alderman Bloom also saysthat when Zone 2 residentsconvinced the RTA to lowertheir ICG fares in March 1982,the “RTA netted the sameamount of money.” More peo¬ple rode the ICG railroad which balanced the revenuelost from the lower-pricedtickets.The RTA proposed the farechanges for Zone 2 after firstdeciding to offer the new, dis¬counted weekly ticket. Theweekly ticket is an attempt toincrease ridership on theSouth Chicago line of therailroad.After making this decision,the RTA realized that there isa considerable disparity be¬tween current Zone 2 faresand those in the rest of therailroad system. Riders inother parts of the system cur¬rently pay $1.95 for travel be¬tween adjacent zones, com¬pared to the $1.35 fare thatriders in Zone 2 pay for travelto and from adjacent zones.The increase in fare is partof a system-wide program tocharge the sam« fare fortravel between adjacent zones. The fare for riders inthe other zones of the systemwill be reduced to $1.60.The RTA cited two addi¬tional reasons for the fare in¬creases. One of these is theexistence of several CTA busroutes, including an expressroute, in Zone 2.The other reason is that theentire ICG route in Zone 2 iswithin the city limits. RTA Ifunding comes from a sur-chage on sales tax, but anymoney collected from thissurcharge in Zone 2 goes tothe CTA, because Zone 2 ispart of the city of Chicago.The RTA wanted to correct asituation in which the ICGrailroad provides inexpensiveservice to an area from whichthe RTA receives no money.A final decision on the pro¬posed fare changes will bemade at an RTA board meet¬ing on July 12th.Illinois Central Gulf at a Hyde Park stopv.THE CHICAGO MAROONIS CURRENTLY ACCEPTINGAPPLICATIONS FOR THE POSITIONS OF:Advertising ManagerResponsibilities— oversight of all aspects of advertisingproduction and sales— management of all advertising personnel— establishing & promoting excellent rapportwith clientsBenefits— base salary— commission— management experience in advertising --P-tL. . *— — V—k—iSUM ME J J J * *—J d T.ROCKE1J* -J’ 7RTJ } —«L—J- -A——J—<Rw. 7—HAPEL/ LA : 1 1— K-"— T J T"IJ-—» U 1— LI—k n a k i r ^M 1-1- U L_J La 11If 1—4—« r : S * #—0 4 0 n59th & WOODLAWN AVE -JULY 14-AUGUST 26Advertising RepresentativesResponsibilities— maintaining constant contact vith clientswithin our territory— designing advertising campaignsBenefits— commission— established territory & clienteleFor applications and more informationContact Brad Smith or Lisa Cypraat 962-9555, 1212 E. 59th St., room 304 9:30 a.m. Ecumenical Service of Holy Communionwith Sermon6:00 p.m. Carillon Concert on the LawnJuly 14, Wylie Crawford, Carillonneur6:45 p.m. Organ PreludeJuly 14, Wolfgang Rubsam, Chapel Organist7:00 p.m. Choral VespersJuly 14 with the Rockefeller Memorial Chapel ChoirRobin Lovin, Assoc. Prof.Ethics and Society, Divinity SchoolBudgetcarandtruck rentalRENT FOR LESSDURING THEWEEKFor reservations, call: 493-7900Now through July 31, 1985 if you pick up your car after noon on Monday and return itanytime before noon on Friday you can rent a 1985 VW Golf or similar size car for only$19.95 per day.Budget lives up to its name with this midweek rate and unlimited mileage. kGas, taxesand optional coverage are additional. Car must be returned to renting location. Offer subjectto availability. Offer good at 7234 S. Stony Island location onlyAsk about our low rates on daily and weekend rentals from economy to luxury type cars.Serving Hyde Park & South Shore7234 S. Stony IslandBring in this ad at time of rental toget reduced rate. Some rent just an apartmentOthers... a Lifestyle!1 olK%" Aik fv A ' ^4 * ,,, .A-'* - r7S‘ 5 J i ,.y' ^ ^ -x- )■ o-1"t -v2—The Chicago Maronn—Frirtay July 12, 1985 Lakefront rental residences and...Year around Resort Club • Gourmet MarketPanoramic Views • Nationally-acclaimed GardenClubs and activities • Artists-In-ResidenceStudio-3 bedroom apartments • 2 bedrooms from $6555050 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60615288-5050A lifestyle designed for you...by Thge Clkinton CompanySummer CalendarHyde Park HappeningsJuly 13-14 - DuSable Museum Artsand Crafts Promenade at 740 E. 56thPlace.July 15 - The Hyde Park CommunityHospital and New Day Center will havea ribbon ceremony for their AdolescentSubstance Abuse Treatment Programat 10 am. The 10-bed facility will offer45-day treatment to control for alcoholand drug abuse.Wednesday July 17 - the Career andFacultycontinued from page onecase, this means all faculty membersmaking over $47,000 per year. Sussmansays that most current beneficiaries ofthe program will be affected by thischange, which could add several thou¬sand dollars to their annual tax billboth by increasing taxable income and,in some cases, putting faculty intohigher tax brackets.Some faculty members have alsofeared that tax withholding on the tu¬ition benefits would substantially re¬duce their take-home pay in monthswhen the scholarships were disbursed,EAST PARKTOWERSCharming, vintage building inEast Hyde Park now has alimited selection of lake andpark view apartments. Situatednear the I.C., we offer studios,one and two bedroom unitswith heat included in rent. Askabout our student and facultydiscount.324-6100 Placement Services office will have aresume writing workshop at 12 noonwhich will include tips on types of re¬sumes, content style and how to polishyour draft. The workshop will takeplace in Reynolds Club 201.Around ChicagoJuly 11-13 - JESUS MIDWEST ’85 istaking place each day from 10 am to 9pm. There are speakers, Christian en¬tertainment, and group worship. Lo¬cated in Sandwich, Illinois.but the University has decided not towithhold tax on FCSP from facultypaychecks. Instead, the University willdeduct the requisite withholding fromthe scholarship checks themselves, ac¬cording to Assistant Provost CynthiaGreenleaf.Overall, faculty members are upsetby the new rules, but credit the Univer¬sity with helping them adjust.“If I have any disappointment orfrustration, it is with the Reagan ad¬ministration,” says Anthony C. Yu,Professor in the Divinity School and afaculty member who will be affectedby the new rules.“In all public pronouncements, Mr.Reagan has said that taxes would onlybe increased over his ‘dead body,’ but July 13 - The Chicago Historical Soci¬ety will offer a one-mile walking tour ofthe Gold Coast. Space on the tour is li¬mited and reservations are required.Cost of the tour is $2 for members and$3.50 for non-members. The tour will befrom 11 am to 12:30 pm. For further in¬formation call 642-4600.July 13-14 - Aviation Expo ’85 will beheld at the Naval Air Station in Glen¬view, Illinois from 10 am to 6 pm. Ad¬mission and parking is free.this is certainly a form of new taxa¬tion.”Gray’s letter notes the possibilitythat Reagan’s push for tax reform mayhave additional impact upon FCSP, butmaintains that “there are no presentplans to alter the Faculty Children’sScholarship Program as offered by theUniversity.”She also announced that the Univer¬sity will offer faculty loans of up to 40%of the tuition benefits received (cur¬rently about $4,000), repayable overfive years at rates that correspond tothose of the federal PLUS/ALAS loanprogram.Sussman observed that FCSP “willcontinue to be available, but it simplywon’t be worth as much.”DR. MORTON R. MASLOVOPTOMETRIST•EYE EXAMINATIONS•FASHION EYEWEAR(one year warranty on eyeglassframes and glass lenses)SPECIALIZING IN• ALL TYPES OFCONTACT LENSES•CONTACT SUPPLIESTHE HYDE PARKSHOPPING CENTER15101. 55th363-0100 Braun considerscandidacyCarol Mosely Braun (D-25th) saidrecently that she is considering run¬ning for lieutenant governor. Braunis currently assistant House ma¬jority leader. She said she wouldseek the endorsement of Atty GenHartigan who is likely to be the1986 Democratic gubernatorialcandidate.Studios, 1,2, & 3 BedroomApartments AvailableSome Sice Lake ViewsGood LocationHeat IncludedParking AvailableCALLHERBERT REALTY684-23335% Student Discounts9:00 A. M.-4:30 P.M.Monday thru Friday9:00 A.M.-2 P.M.SaturdayHyde Park-Kenwood Community Health Centerannounces the opening of theSPORTS MEDICINE AND BACK CENTERCOMPREHENSIVE DIAGNOSTIC TESTINGThe Center offers a complete physical exam which includestesting of specific muscle groups and overall flexibility, a thoroughnutritional and lifestyle assessment, plus a cardiovascular fitnessevaluation. Counseling is included to assist you in designing apersonal fitness program or a conditioning program to maximizeyour performance potential.SPECIALIZED SPORTSINIURY TREATMENTOver 95% of sports-related injuries canbe healed without resorting to surgery.The Center’s treatment techniques helpyou return to active play more quicklyand to strengthen vulnerable musclegroups - helping to prevent futureinjuries. RELIEF FOR BACK PAINThe Center’s approach to back pain is aholistic one which is effective whetherthe pain is acute or chronic, injury orstress-related. Our physician and exer¬cise physiologist help you develop ahealthy back which can support youthrough work and play.HYDE PARK-KENWOOD COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER1515 E. 52nd Place, in Harper CourtCall 643-1600 for more informationThe Chicago Maroon—Friday. July 12. 1985—3(Corner of 53rd and Hyde Park Blvd.) 955-2200DISKETTE PRICINGVERIFLEX 5 Vi” SS M600 BXVERIFLEX 5 Vi" DS S poo BXOYSAN 5V4" SS s2095 BXDYSAN 5 Vi” OS l2690 BXIBM 5 Vi" SS l2500 BXIBM 51/4" OS $32°° BXMAXELL OV2" *3395 BXnvsAH 3Viz" l3695 BXUni' *sity of Chicago BookstoreC ce Machine Department. 70 E. 58th St., 2nd FI.962-3400 SUMMERTIME FUNAT INTERNATIONAL HOUSE!FRIDAY, JULY 12 6:30 p.m. Bus toRavinia for Concert by Andre Watts withthe Chicago Symphony Orchestra.$3.00 Round trip transportation$5.00 lawn seat purchased at the Park.FRIDAY, JULY 12 9:00 p.m. -1:00 a.m.DANCE PARTY! Featuring live music bythe F-10’s and the best in contemporaryrecorded music. $3.00 Admission in¬cludes refreshments. 21 and over onlyID Reguired[SUNDAY, JULY 14 8:00 p.m.l-HOUSe FilmSociety presents Padre, Padrone: TheBest Film at the 1977 Cannes Interna¬tional Film Festival, $2.00 GeneralAdmissionFor more info contact:Program Office753-22741414 E. 59th St.Computers In MedicineInformation managementWe are sponsoring an open discussion with Mridu Sekhar, Director of MedicalCenter Information Systems, on (a) what /ou feel the fate of the currentBurroughs computer system should be, and (b) on what direction you think theMedical Center's computer system should take in the future This is your chanceto have some innut into what kind of computer system we should have at theMedical CenterJuly 17 'Should the Medical Center keep itsBurroughs computer system?* Anopen discussion with Mridu Sekhar. Billings (5BRI) JI4Ittetfifci] imaging systems NoonWe will tour five laboratories. The tours will last approximately forty-fiveminutes and will provide Information about hardware and software In use, andresearch in progress.July 15July 19July 23July 29July 31 Albert Crewe's laboratoryKurt Rossman Laboratory forRadiologic Image Research(Kunio Doi, Dir.)Nuclear Medicine & RadiologyMichael Patel's laboratoryCytocybemetics laboratory Fermi Rsch Inst Rm 169 430Billings Rm 6517 4 30Mitchell Radiology Desk 430Cummings L5C Rm 145 NoonChgo Lying-in Rm L37 430Telgcpmmunicatlftns & Data bases (Liz Karl, chairman, 962-7370)Representatives of four data bases will tell us what is available through theirsystems and they will access their data bases during the meetingJuly 16 American Medical Association.MedlineJuly 26 Dialog.BPS Saunders Billings (SBRI)JI 41 NoonBillings (SBRI)JI41 NoonYou do not have to have attended a previous Computers in Medicine meeting inorder to attend any of these meetings. For additional information pleasecontact Harry Burke, Chairman, Computers in Medicine, at 493-18924—The Chicago Maroon—Friday, Juiy 12, 1985 Bibliographic systemsDemonstrations of the two most popular computerized bibliographic systems.Both systems allow for citation access by key word These systems run on mostminicomputers and microcomputersJuly 22 BibliophileRiff 11 Crerar 3206 NoonStatistics (Dario Domizi, contact person, 962-9328)The Biomedical Computation Facility is an important Medical Center resource,Put few people know aoout it. The BCF provides expert statistical counselingand many other services (e g., data base access via telecommunicationsystems) We will be given a forty-five minute tour The tour will include theirequipment, services, and research in progress.July 24 Biomedical Computation Facility Abbott 604 NoonAfUMcal Intelligence & expert systemsReadings are on reserve in Crerar under 'Computers In Medicine - Al.* Thesereadings are (a) a general introduction to Al hardware and software and (b) anintroduction to expert systems including expert diagnostic systems The first"Readings' meeting will be a general discussion of the readings, the secondreadings meeting will focus on the readings as they relate to the invitedspeaker The invited speaker, Lawrence Wos, is from Argonne NationalLaboratory He will speak on 'Automated Reasoning' (a way to design expertsystems), on current expert diagnostic systems, and on the future of expertsystemsJuly 18 Readings Crerar 32bBJuly 25 Lawrence Wos, 'AutomatedReasoning* Crerar 3208July 30 Readings Crerar 320B NoonNoonNoonOther Important datesJuly 15- 18 National Computer Conference McCormick PlaceJuly 22 - 26 Summer Computer SimulationConference west in Hotel (Chicago)By Frederick M. DolanShortly after the House defeated theSenate Bill approving Mr Reagan’s planto overthrow the government of Nicara¬gua, reports appeared that Congressper-sons who had voted against the bill werenow reconsidering their position, in lightof Mr, Ortega’s trip seeking aid from theSoviet Union and Eastern and Western Eu¬ropean countries. Tom Wicker, writing inThe New York Times, recently stated thatsuch Congresspersons have no ground tochange their vote because the character ofNicaraguan society has no bearing on theQuestion of a U.S. attempt to overthrowthe Nicaraguan government. Although Mr.Wicker’s tactual assumptions are errone¬ous this claim that it is natural that "aMarxist has journeyed to the mecca ofMarxism” is perhaps 30 years out of date,and he ignores the legacy of U.S. policytowards Nicaragua that quite plausiblyaccounts for why it would seek aid fromMoscow regardless of ideological disposi¬tion), his conclusion is correct that the Unit¬ed States has no more justification for its“enterprise” than it did before Mr. Orte¬ga had gone to Moscow. The reports ofCongressional “wavering” persist, how¬ever, and I would therefore like to makeavailable to you and your colleagues somereflections resulting from from two weeksin Nicaragua last April and an extensivereview of the documentary evidenceavailable on Nicaraguan and U.S. foreignpolicy.I will begin with a personal anecdote,which is revealing as to the quality of Con¬gressional support for Mr. Reagan’s Ni¬caragua policy. On the morning of April13, 1985, I and a group of North Ameri¬cans and Europeans met in Managua withtwo members of the House IntelligenceCommittee who had come to Nicaragua, al¬legedly, on a “fact-finding mission.” Oneof them, Representative Cheney of Wyom¬ing, was very free with statements, par¬roting Mr. Reagan’s, about “SandinistaMarxist-Leninlst totalitarianism.” As hehad brought up the topic, I asked him tostate exactly how, In his view, Lenin hadmodified Marxism so as to yield “Marxist-Leninism.” He responded by admittingthat he had no idea what Marx had writ¬ten about Leninf This kind of ignorance is, Ibelieve, symptomatic, and it is especiallyironic in light of these Congresspersons’complaints that the Sandinistas wereusing their educational system to carryout “indoctrination” — while they wereblithely unaware of the evidence theythemselves offered of American educa¬tion's unwillingness to inform citizensabout one of the most consequential politi¬cal theories in modern history. It is symp¬tomatic, more chillingly, of the very “to¬talitarianism” the Representativedenounces, at least if a central device oftotalitarian propaganda is the free use ofbuzzwords to terrify and shock, with littleor no attention paid to their meetingAs the anecdote suggests, reports ofCongressional “wavering” because of Or¬tega’s attempt to pursue good relationswith the Soviet Union must be takenseriously. Evidently, the political culture issuch that Reagan’s decision to pursue anextremely provocative policy of hostilitytowards the Soviet Union, including thebiggest peacetime military buildup in his¬tory and a not insignificant risk of war, isnot grounds even for considering his im¬peachment — instead it is regarded as asign of courage and principle — whereasNicaragua’s multilateral efforts to pursuegood relations with ail countries not har¬boring terrorists bent on overthrowing itare grounds for trade embargoes, not tomention CIA-organized subversion. Itseems fair to conclude that any programof the Executive, no matter how cowardly,immoral or illegal, can receive a good dealmakers can be certain that few whoregular access to the mass media .....check to seek if there is any substance to | July 12,war against Nazi Germany. Surely this isa clear-cut case in which the U.S. demon¬strated its firm, principled opposition to il¬legitimate, expansionist regimes. Such inany case is the version that has beenenshrined in High School history books andVE-Day television memorials. A closer lookat the historical record, however, revealssome puzzling inconsistencies, it must berecalled, but Is usually forgotten, that theconflicts wrenching the European nation¬states during the 1930s were as much civilas international. Hitler’s policies won, fora very long time, the support of leadingliberal and conservative business and po¬litical figures in Europe and North America(including some, such as Churchill, who areusually associated with an early anti-ap¬peasement position). These figures, andthe social groups they spoke for, wereanxious because several European nation¬states were consumed by class conflict inextreme forms, with working-class, social¬ist revolutions a real possibility in somecases. At the same time, the U.S.S.R. wasperceived as a grave threat. The Nazis’ ef¬forts to crush working class organizationswithin their reach, and the widely held be¬lief that they would direct most of their ireagainst and therefore “contain” theU.S.S.R., explains the appreciation felt forthe Nazis by the mainstream of the politi¬cal and business elite. When it becameclear that fascist Germany’s goals wentbeyond exterminating communists, Jewsand homosexuals, however, and threat¬ened the global economic plans of the U.S.(British and French imperial power hadbeen declining for some time, and the U.S.wanted to move in), *he latter intervenedimmediately and quickly put a stop to thewar in Europe. It did not intervene againsttotalitarianism as such, and it did notleave liberated Europe free to establishwhatever political and economic systemscould be agreed to (although then as now,slogans suggesting that it was were founduseful in mobilizing support for the enter¬prise, and of course individuals whofought had their own motives). In particu¬lar, as Is well documented, the U.S. ex¬pended considerable efforts to weakenworking class organizations with socialisttendencies, and it would not permit the Eu¬ropean bourgeoisie to reconstruct capital¬ism on a national basis of the sort that hadled ultimately to the Second World War.Instead, U.S. business purchased controll¬ing interest in much of the European econ¬omy and the U.S. government set up an in¬ternational system to regulate trade,while the groups it tolerated in powerbought off their working classes withvarious reforms and palliatives, of whichthe “Welfare State” is the shining if nowmoribund example. The two goals of paci¬fying the working class and reforming Eu¬ropean capitalism so that it would serveU.S. interests were sometimes in conflict,of course, so that the U.S- not infrequentlyfound itself obliged to return to power thevery groups whose policies had led to thewar in order to avoid the horrifying alter¬native of socialist parties coming topower, Greece being an especially vividcase of this $ype.Although Jme U S. fought a war onforeign soil against totalitarian states,then, it was not fighting for tne abstractprinciple of “self-determination’ butclearly or* the side a# the European bour¬geoisie in the context of what had been aperiod of intense class struggle, while at-J^pting,_with success, to subgcdinate, ’ffepn to j» U.S.-dominated global e<|#*c|n|CSystem, .fwt the U.S. did not fight the Sec¬ond World War over principles and with¬out self-interests should not be surprising;no state has done otheffHe. It is Onf# re-the slogans markable in tt*e Context of 40 years ofThe rhetroic: about expansionist and to- mythology and propaganda about thetalitanan regimes leads all too easily to U S role in the worldthe neglect of a crucial question: Have weany reason to suppose the U.S opposesthis form of governance? Government spo¬kespersons and commentators in the bour¬geois press, regardless of where they fallin the political spectrum, all assume thatthe U.S. feels threatened because Nicara¬gua may be pursuing totalitarian, expan¬sionist policies — as if U.S. opposition tototalitarianism is the most natural thingimaginable. Some feel that the U.S. misun¬derstands the extent or even the realityof the threat, and therefore oppose ad¬ministration policy, but it is rare to hearanyone question the good intentions ofU.S. policymakers. If we are to evaluateU.S. policy towards Nicaragua intelligent¬ly, however, we are not entitled to makesuch generous assumptions. Instead wemust look at the historical record and dis¬cover exactly what U.S. policy towards to¬talitarian regimes has been, regardless ofits apologists' stated intentions. This willhelp us evaluate the claims of the presentgovernment.The best-known case allegedly demon¬strating U.S. willingness to make greatsacrifices on foreign soil In defense of theprinciple o! self determination andagainst totalitarian expansionism was the If U.S. invdtvement in “The Good War”was not entirely altruistic, not a complete¬ly benign crusade against absolute eviland for national self-determination, weshould not be surprised to find that its po¬licies with respect to the Third World beareven less relation to a commitment to de¬mocracy and a loathing for totalitarian¬ism. Stilt, some might argue, although theU.S. has only opposed totalitarianismwhen it conflicted with U.S, interestes orthreatened U.S. plans, at least it has notactively installed or backed totalitarianregimes, as has the U.S.S.R. in Europe forexample. How does this claim stand upagainst the historical record? After Itemerged from the Second World War asthe most powerful country on earth, theU.S. was determined to implement itsplans to move into and dominate theformer British and French empires, fromwhich it had been excluded by preferencesystems, currency blocs, and so on. In partas a result of the long-term decline of Euro¬pean imperial power, however, Its ThirdWorld colonies were openly in revolt. Atissue in these revolts was not “Commu¬nism” so much as an attempt to achievenational economic independence andgrowth, which had long been prevented • 18 th Yearby Imperial policy, designed as it was tokeep the colonies dependent upon and ser¬vile to the interests of the so-called “ad¬vanced" nations. Communistic Ideologiesand policies were sometimes the logicalchoice, however, in mobilizing and bring¬ing together working and peasant classeswhose support was vital to the success ofan anti-imperialist revolution. With the Eu¬ropean Imperialists destroyed by the Sec¬ond World War, Third World nationalistmovements were gaining ground orthreatened on the horizon ail over Asia,Africa, and Latin America. The programsthese movements proposed were a directthreat to U.S. economic plans, which, likethe earlier imperialists, called for thesecountries to remain subordinated to aU.S.-dominated global system of invest¬ment and trade, the essence of which wasaccess to cheap raw materials and laborand certain types of guaranteed marketsin the Third World. “Cheap labor,” ofcourse, is facilitated by a lack of workers’organizations that would fight for betterwages and conditions, so the governmentsbacked and financed by the U.S. spend agood deal of their time destroying or in¬timidating such organizations, regardlessof their political tendencies. This is whatthe business press euphemistically referto as a “positive investment climate.”Immediately aftef it ended the SecondWorld War, then, the U.S. was obliged toundertake another, more extensive war— a "Third World War” in a differentsense than is usually given to that term.This war, which has still not ended andwhose resolution is not even in sight, hasexceeded the European conflict in scopeand brutality, but its victims have re¬ceived far less sympathy or publicity. Inpolicy terms, the U.S. defined itself as op¬posed to the tide of revolution sweepingthe entire Third World after 1944, and itimplemented this policy by installing, in“unstable” countries, terror regimeseager “to do our bidding,” as Mr. Reaganhas put it with respect to U.S. efforts inthis direction in Iran. When, as was oftenthe case, these regimes proved unable tohold their own against popular opposition,the U.S. frequently resorted to direct mili¬tary invasion to get the job done, the mostfamous — because least successful — ex¬ample being the U.S. war against SouthVietnam. What is important here for ourpurpose is the charades of some of the re¬gimes installed, funded, or protected byU.S. power, which are addicted to tech¬niques of governance associated with thetotalitarian movement the U.S. allegedlyopposes.Consider the case of Indonesia, for ex¬ample. in 1965 the Indonesian militarybegan massacres which eventuallyclaimed the lives of perhaps over one mil¬lion people, thereby eliminating the popu¬lar base of the Indonesian CommunistParty, and set up a military regime thatwas willing to subordinate Indonesian in¬terests to the demands of the transnation¬al corporations. CiA and Pentagon in¬volvement with Indonesian militaryfigures dates from tne late 1950s. and ele¬ments of the coup were suggestive of out¬side assistance/’ Whether or not therewas direct U.S. involvement in the coup,the U.S. immediately indicated its enthu¬siastic Support for ewsfrts there* and U.S.capital iMfigan * minvestment spreeresulting in “Massive dispossession ofpeasants and a greater redundancy of ag¬ricultural laborers, a fall in agriculturalwage rates widespread hunger, and a wi¬ping gar between . age rich andpoor.’’ Although per capita -ncome s ap¬proximately 5370 per yea' those liningthe country for the transra* onals. and theprivileged middle class that supportsthem, live in luxury. The U 3. governmentIs a generous donor at ihilitawy Sid to thegenerals, despite their regular murder orjailing of those daring enough to questionthe regime and their repeatedly provenwillingness to crush all forms of dissent ororganization by any means necessary. In1975 the Indonesian military staged anunprovoked invasion of the nearby islandof East Timor and Over the years havekilled perhaps several hundred thousand,all with U.S. arms and diplomatic backingand quite possibly at the direct request ofthe United States.There is nothing particularly unusualabout Indonesia or U.S involvement in itsactivities. One cooid list dozens of otherexamples, some far more severe, of terrorstates Whose survival is (fue primarily tocontinued U.S. support, such as Guatema¬la, Turkey, the Philippines, Uruguay, ElSalvador, Haiti, Thailand, and Chile, Bra¬zil, Iran and Argentina for long periods. Itshould also be noted that U.S. involvementis not limited simply to funding or diplo¬matically supporting such states. Whenthey appear to be failing in their attemptsto put down opposition, or willing to nego¬tiate with groups unacceptable to the U.S.(representatives of the nationalist bour-geosie, for example), th® latter oftenmoves in to counter th® threat of democra¬ cy and concilliation, eliminates the opposi¬tion, and installs a new, more effectivedictatorship. Examples of the tatter prac¬tice include the Dominican Republic (1965),Guatemala (1954), and of course SouthVietnam over many years. Even where theU.S. has hot directly installed the govern¬ment, its control, by virtue of both sheereconomic power and extensive subver¬sion, can be virtually total. The U.S. hasdirected coups (Brazil, Chile), destabilizedeconomies (Cuba, Jamaica), bribed politi¬cians, (virtually ail countries in its sphereof influence), infiltrated media and labororganizations (Uruguay, the DominicanRepublic, El Salvador), and attempted andpossibly succeeded in the assassination ofpolitical figures (Cuba, Chile).The U.S. has not imposed these terror re¬gimes because it prefers this form of gov¬ernance to all others. Its primary goal,however, is to maintain a system of ThirdWorld countries whose economies can bemade to function in ways that serve the in¬terests of U.S. (and generally Western)ruling groups, not those of their own popu¬lations. Instead of concentrating on indus¬tries and agricultural practices that woulds^rve the basic needs of the impoverishedmajorities of these countries, the U.S.transnationals (through agencies such asthe World Bank) impose single-crop agri¬culture (meaning, in a dollar internationaleconomy, expensive imports) and prod¬uction of items for export that are oftenmeaningless to the underlying population.Since this means that the majorities inthese countries are likely to oppose de¬pendence on the U.S., including the busi¬ness classes that for their own purposeswould like to begin rounded industrializa¬tion of their countries, a military govern¬ment ruling by force and terror, with asmalt elite handsomely paid off by thetransnationals and their government, be¬comes the logical political solution. Thatthese governments are so brutal and thatthe interests they pursue are not those oftheir own populations explains why con¬flict is so endemic to the Third World. Thatthe governments rule in the interests ofU.S. transnational capital explains whyour government, which is also controlledby the transnationals, so frequently inter¬venes in these conflicts.Tom Wicker is right, then (though in asomewhat different sense than he intend¬ed), to say that “totalitarianism” is notthe issue in Nicaragua; it never has beenthe issue for U.S. foreign policy. If the U.S.were ready concerned about totalitarian¬ism it would simpiy cease organizing andfunding its very own terror states, such asEl Salvador, the Philippines, Brazil, Ar¬gentina or Chile in recent years, or SouthAfrica, for example, all of which have afar more impressive record of crushing op¬position to unfettered state power thandoes Nicaragua — despite its frighteningties with French Socialists. Cuban physi¬cians, Bulgarian canned meat producers,and Belgian banana distributors. Al¬though totalitarianism is not a U.S.foreign policy issue, however, it manifest¬ly is a U,S, ideological issue. This shouldnot be surprising; years of indoctrinationwith Cold War ideology, in the absence ofany opposing view emerging from majorCongressional, labor, media or intellectualgroups, has made Americans peculiarly su¬sceptible to fears of this sort. Before thebody counts began mounting during theU.S. war against Vietnam, for example,large numbers of Americans apparentlywere convinced that this far away countryactually posed a threat to their securityeven though not one U.S. city had beenbombed by the Vietnamese!Because it is an ideological issue, then,and not because the matter has any de¬monstrated relevance to U.S. policy, let usexamine the question of totalitarianism inin agricultural Nicaragua. We must first asx what? s \s sr,:i sr r.-jw. irHDIhce, i$|fftWiing about wine- pofitcal sc e ntists have reached a fair deg^e-.of ayreement it has three main featuresFirst, .i tola -arian state, as a normapart of its routine and not as a response toa state of emergency or as a result of arevolutionary situation, disavows consti¬tutional constraints as a matter of princip¬le, declares itself to be me representativeof something more fundamental, and setsitself up as the absolute authority beyondany rule of law. Second, the state under¬takes immediately to eradicate all inter¬mediate organizations, i.e. organizations,such as labor unions, that stand betweenthe individual and the state and affordthe former a degree of protection from ar¬bitrary authority. In other words, totali¬tarian governments “atomize” the citizen¬ry and put the individual into a direct,unprotected relation to the state. Finally,and in consequence, a totalitarian govern¬ment is likely to be to some degree illegiti¬mate, in that it excludes from representa¬tion one or more important group or classof society. (That a government is illegiti¬mate does not mean, of course, that it maynot enjoy majority support for its policies,as Hitler’s Germany seems to have had.)Note that there are some superficial sim¬ilarities between a totalitarian and a rev¬olutionary movement: namely, that bothclaim the existing constitutional arrange¬ment is a sham and must be eliminated,and both often violently attack organiza-continued on page 3COMPLETE SUMMERFOOD SERVICEat theAir-conditionedINTERNATIONAL HOUSEDINING ROOM3 meals everyday through Aug. 31SAT. & SUN.Continental Breakfast:n 8:00 a.m. -10.00 a.m.Brunch:11:00 a.m.- 1:30 p.m.Dinner-.5:00 p.m. - 7:00 p.m.Special arrangements availablefor groups from 20 - 200Call 753*2282 for information.1414 E. 59th St.MON. - FRLBreakfast: 7:00 a.m. - 9-.30 a.m.Lunch: 11:30 a.m. -1:30 p.m.Dinner: 5:30 p.m. - 7:30 p.m.Live inHyde Park's renovatedlakefront aristocratfor as little as$290 per month.An intricate terra-cotta relief sculpture of the Indian chiefTecumseh—just one of Del Prado's architectural nuances.Stepping through Del Prado's entryway takes youback to tne subtle elegance of yesteryear. Intricatemouldings and ornate cornice-work highlights thisrecently revitalized landmark.Our high-ceilinged one-bedroom apartments arefully carpeted with functional floor plans, individually-controlled heating and air conditioning and modernkitchens that feature all-new appliances and cabinetry.The Del Prado is perfectly situated to take advantageof the neighborhood's nearby parks (one right acrossthe street!) schools, beaches and shopping. And accessto the Loop is convenient with CTA and IC commutingat the corner.Prices start at only $290 for students & $395 for 1bedrooms making the Del Prado Chicago's trulyaffordable grande dame. Call or stop ana see ourmodels today.Del qpPrado Daily 11-5Baird & WarnerHyde Park Bldv. at 53rd Street285-1855 A CLASSIC RESIDENCEINACLASSIC LOCATIONFIFTY-TWO HUNDREDSOUTH BLACKSTONETHE BLACKWOODLuxury, high rise apartmentbuilding in the Hyde Park area nowoffering a limited selsction of oneand two bedroom apartments.Situated near the Illinois Central,University of Chicago, HarperCourt and only a short walk fromthe lake, our apartments feature cen¬tral air conditioning, individuallycontrolled heat, ceramic tile, securi¬ty intercom, new appliances andwall to wall carpeting. Onebedrooms from only $430, twobedrooms from *550. Ask about ourstudent and faculty discount.684-8666 Are yousmarter thanyour SAT scons?Probably Ufe Ve found thatafter taking our test prep course,many students can increasetheir SAT scores 150,200, even250 points. Call. Vfe could beyour smartest move yet.KAPLANSTANLEY H KAPLAN EDUCATIONAL CENTER, LTD£The worids leadingtest prep organization.ENROLLING NOW!CALL DAYS, EVES, WKENDSARLINGTON HTS. - 437-6650CHICAGO - 764-5151HIGHLAND PK - 433-7410LA GRANGE - 352-5840JEAN COMAROFF1BODY OF POWERSPIRIT OF RESISTANCI fVALERIO VALERI IKINGSHIP AND SACRIFICESEMINARY COOP BOOH 15757 S. UNIVERSITY 7524381 »imi-mra) son SATimwaisiitM soo -Put the pastin yourfuture!LIVE LfTAN HISTORIC LANDMARKThoroughly renovated apartments offer generous floor space com¬bined with old-fashioned high ceilings. Park and lakefront providea natural setting for affordable elegance with dramatic views.—All new kitchens and appliances—Wall-to-wall carpeting —Resident manager—Air conditioning —Round-the-clock security—Optional indoor or —Laundry facilities onoutdoor parking each floor—Piccolo Mondo European gourmet food shop and cafeStudios, One-, Two- and Three-Bedroom ApartmentsOne-bedroom from $545 ♦ Two-bedroom from $755Rent includes heat, cooking gas and master TV antennaIn Hyde Park, across the park fromThe Museum of Science and IndustryYv<ual Housing Opportunity Managed by Metroplex, Inc.2—FRIDAY, JULY 12, 1985—GREY CITY JOURNALV(ctt»ry>ritf.Vi(t4irris: Artists Responsesto -War from Antiquity through theVietnam War Era Such a distinct un¬ifying theme is ambitious and im¬pressive for the annual MFA show;the work of a mature and excitingclass is evident here. Works by HughBarlow, Janet Barrett, John Dunn,Julia Dupre, Roger Hughes, Mar¬garet Lass-Gardiner, Wendy Norris,Anthony Plaut, and Ruth Willett.Thru Sept 1 at the Smart Gallery,5550 Greenwood. Tues-Sat, 10-4Sun 12-4.11 + 1 2 it sounds like a bad idea for ashow, but includes some really eac&-ing names: husband/wife or signifi¬cant other/significant other pairs ofartists. Including Spero/Golub,Holzer/Glier, de Kooning/de Koon¬ing, others. Showing simultaneouslywill be mixed media paintings byPatricia Bramson, who’s into cele¬brities, Both open today with a re¬ception from p.m. Thru July 27,at Artemisia, 341 w Superior. Tues-Sat, 11-5.Invitational Feature and Rhona Hoff¬man Galleries are co-sponsoring thisinvitation exhibition of Chicagoarea artists not represented by gal¬leries. Including John Dunn, who justgraduated from our MFA program.Thru August, 340 w Huron. Tues-Fri,10-5:30.Gordon Matta-Clark: .'/V. /retrospectivePhotographs, fragments/ drawingsand films by the lete-'-'.vIsionary/an-archist/architect. .This.'/;is a greatshow not to miss/.-At/thfe Museum ofContemporary AtK';.'2$7 e Ontario.289-2660.FILMReal Life (Brook's;.'%979) If there is acult hero for'.stucib’nts at the Univer¬sity of Chic«igb/;surely it should bethe neurotic, self-obsessed, para¬noid persona that Albert Brookscreated for this absurd joke- docu-mentary-within-a-film about thelives of a typical family in Ameri¬ca. •• •Place* in the Heert (Benton, 1984) De¬spite an oddly incoherent ending,this is a decent film, possessing a number of sympathetic Characters,and, a great amount of optimismabout the rural lifestyle. SOQ films,Sat 7 and 9. $2.50 —PRPadre, Padrone (Paolo and Vittorio Ta-viani, 1977) Considered by some tobe a modern masterpiece, this filmdeftly fuses the political and artisticperspectives with a measure of pas-son. Padre, Padrone is a story abouthow e young boy was enslaved andforced to tend sheep in the moun¬tains of Sardinia, and of how hefought his way out of this isolationand silence — how he struggled forwords. Winner of the Golden PalmAward for Best Film, Cannes Inter¬national Film Festival, 1977. Sun¬day, July 14 at 8 p.m. InternationalHouse. $2. —BTAnatomy of a Murder (Preminger, 1958)Jimmy Stewart is a defense attor¬ney trying to prove that Ben Gazar-ra was out of his mind when he shotthe fellow who raped his wife (LeeRemick, in the Elizabeth Montgo¬mery role). Uncle Otto, Otis time,opts for a long, intense, wackycourtroom drama— George C Scottis the prosecutor, and a oistin-guished cast including Eve Arden,Orson Bean, and Duke Ellingtonmake up the list of witnesses andjurors. SOQ, Tuesday, July 16, at 8.$2.Sahara (Korda, 1943) Humphrey Bo¬gart tries to bring his tank crew anda couple of sleazy Nazi prisonersacross the famous desert. LloydBridges, Rex Ingram. SOQ films-Weds, 8. $2.Guess Who’s Coming To Dinner? (SUr-ley Kramer, 1967) Sidney Poitierrocks some suburban house. Lessmemorable performances bySpencer.•T.i’-ac.y, and Katherines Hep¬burn arid-'HoOghton. Thurs. at 8:30.LSFTHEATERThe Comedy of Errors by'Shakespearewill be presented at the point, forfree, by the Free Shakespeare Com¬pany. Sunday at 5:30 p.m., 55th andLake Shore Drive.Pygmalion by George Bernard “Whycan’t a woman be more like a man?’’Shaw, The Visit by FriedrichGrey City Journal 12 July 85Staff: Michele Bonnarens, Suzanne Buchannon, Gideon D’Arcangelo,Irwin Keller, Bruce King, Michael Kotze. Nadine McGann, David Miller,Patrick Moxey, Brian Mulligan, Susan Pawloski, John Porter, Ravi Raj-mane, Max Renn, Paul Reubens, Laura Saltz, Rachel Saltz, WayneScott, Franklin Soults, Mark Toma, Bob Travis, Ken Wissoker, Rick Woj-cik.Production: Stephanie Bacon, Laura Saltz.Editor: Stephanie Bacon. “Spooky” Durrenmatt, and Mann ofla Mancha by Dale “Literary, para¬site” Wasserman, all ir> ./rdpjefptoryat Northwestern .Ubiyttr?itif.:'.'-Forinfor: 491-7282 ..;:f/:/.*;/; -*:' ’MUSICRavinfe FiiaUval The 50th anniversaryRavinla-'festival continues with theChicago Symphony Orchestra in aprogram featuring Rachmaninoff’sPiano Concerto No. 2, with Dvorak'sSymphony No. 8 (G Major), and “AShort Symphony” by Perle. JamesLevine conducting, and Atttf-r*Watts, piano. Fri Jul 12 at &£Q pmJames Levine, conductor, and Leon¬tyne Price, soprano, present musicof Mendelssohn, and excerpts fromVerdi’s “Ernani” and, “II Trova-tore,” Wagner’s ‘‘Tristan andIsolde;” and Richard Strass’ “Sa¬lome.” Sat July 13 at 8:30 pm. SeijiOzawa, conductor, and Peter Ser-kin, pianist, present Takemitsu’s“Riverrun,” and music by Mozartand Tchaikovsky. Sun July 14 at7:30 pm. Franz Alters conducts anevening of popular music entitledA Viennese F.ening,” with CherylParrish, soprano. Tues July 16 at8:30 pm. Both Adam Fischer as con¬ductor, and Alexander Toradze,pianist, make their debuts with CSOin a program featuring works ofSchubert, Prokofieff, and Bartok.Wed Jul 18 at 8:30 pm. Ravinia,728-4642.Lyric Opera Center for American Artistspresents Mozart’s ‘The Marriage ofFigaro.” Fri Jul 12, and Sat Jul 13 at8 pm, Hutch Commons, 5705 S. Uni¬versity. 753-4472.E.I.E.I.O. I’ve caught two or threedates by this local area, new-stylecountry-rock band, and though theirsongwriting never improvedbeyond mere competence, their al¬ready tight stage show got even alittle tighter each time out. Sat July13, West End, Racine and Armitage.525-0808.—FSBuckwheat Zydeco Part blues, partjuke joint boogie, part French Cajun,part Spanish something of other, Zy¬deco, as suits its New Orleans origin,is perhaps the most hybrid form ofmusic we have in America. I’venever heard Buckwheat Zydeco’sstuff, but they (f.e. critics, fans, theartist’s publicity agency) say he isthe best Zydeco artist aroundtoday. Sat July 13, Biddy Mulligans,7644 N Sheridan. 761-6532.—FSThe Necros with Raw Power and As¬sault. Hardcore, what else? U-DriveIt Music for teens of all ages. ThurJuly 18, doors open at 7 pm, Caba¬ret Metro, 3730 N Clark.549-0203.—FS continued from page 1tions and individuals who supportedthe previous government. This hascaused some to confuse the two, as forexample in the case of the AmericanRevolution against British rule, oftenseen as a totalitarian movement be¬cause freedom of the press and elec¬tions were suspended, the property ofLoyalists confiscated and Loyaliststhemselves (who comprised perhapshalf the population) viciously perse¬cuted and exiled, and a long time wentby before a constitution could beagreed upon, which period wasmarked by pronounced class conflictamong merchants, small farmers, andworkers, and which was followed ulti¬mately by the near extermination ofthe native population.Although totalitarian, one-partyand Third World “national security”states are different types of politicalarrangement, all rely on terror tomaintain power, the degree of terrorrequired varying with the degree oflegitimacy of the government. In thecurrent phase of international politics,totalitarianism in the classic, Europe¬an sense is hardly ever at issue; morecommonly one encounters one-party ormilitary terror regimes subsidized bythe subservient to a foreign power.“Totalitarianism” is used as a scare-word by apologists for U.S. policy (orby victims of the propaganda de¬signed to conceal the policy) not be¬cause it describes a current interna¬tional problem but because it is aneasily recognizable and unquestion¬able evil, which the U.S. claims it has aprivileged moral authority to oppose,and is therefore useful in inflamingpopular passions and directing themalong approved lines. The crucial dif¬ference between European fascismand the Third World national securitystate is that the former consolidatesits power with a degree of popularsupport, while the latter is imposedfrom above and rules almost exclusi¬vely by terror and intimidation. Themodern national security state, fur¬thermore, is generally the creationand client of a foreign power andserves its interests, while the Europe¬an fascist state was independent. Onthe other hand, it will surely be admit¬ted that the national security state re¬sembles the totalitarian state in somerespects, in particular in its liberal useof terror, its attacks on independentorganizations such as labor unions,and its opposition to dissident ideolo¬gies of all varieties. In addition, manyof the U.S. creations in the Third World(especially Latin America) espouse anideology that echoes that of the Euro¬pean fascists, stressing a global con¬spiracy of Communists, in this easeland natural racial superiority and in¬feriority. Further, these states regardthemselves as above the law. and the groups they specialize in persecuting(labor leaders, peasant organizers,dissident intellectuals) typically findthat the law does not work for themProvided one eliminates the elementof mass support that characterizes Eu¬ropean totalitarianism (a point madeby Noam Chomsky and Edward Her¬man in The Political Economy or HumanRights, then, the model could be saidto characterize many Third World gov¬ernments, among which are many in¬stalled or backed by the U.S.There is, in fact, one period in Ni¬caraguan history that conforms fairlywell to the modified version of totali¬tarianism, namely the period1912-1979 when the country wasunder complete U.S. control, includingdirect military control for part of theperiod, and from 193+1979 throughthe media of the Somoza dynasty andthe National Guard organized,trained, and financed by the U.S. Dur¬ing this period labor unions and allforms of worker and peasant associa¬tion were systematically destroyed oremasculated, as were all other typesof intermediate organizations, mostinterestingly the Catholic Church of Ni¬caragua after the majority wing of ittoo began to oppose the U.S.-backedregime. Towards the end of his reign,in classic totalitarian fashion, Somozaeven moved against his allies, thebusiness class of Nicaragua, who hadcome to oppose him because of hisU.S.-assisted takeover of the econ¬omy. The reason the U.S. imposed thisgovernment, of course, was to main¬tain access to Nicaraguan agriculturaland mineral products and cheap laborby U.S.-based transnational corpora¬tions, and they operated freely andvirtually without constraint there asthey do in other U.S preserves (thenorm in these countries is no taxes, nominimum wages or working hours, nobenefits, and above all no right tostrike). The vacations and shorterhours that Nicaraguan workers nowenjoy were not achieved at the initia¬tive of the U.S., either in its role asforeign protector or business inves¬tor.Things began to change when Somo¬za was toppled and his repressivestate apparatus dismantled, but thisis not to say that a “revolution” hadthen and there ocurred. Rather, therewas the matter of dealing with thefragile coalition that had successfullyremoved Somoza and which includedgroups that opposed him for very dif¬ferent reasons. The business and pro¬fessional groups opposed to Somozadisliked the regime primarily becauseof Somoza s massive looting and unbe¬lievable corruption, and expectedthat things would go on more or less asbefore, i.e with them maintainingcomplete control over the political andcontinued on page 4EYEGLASSESOUR REGULAR PRICE• COMPLETEsingle visiondesigner glassesOffer expires 7/19/85Contacts & SpecsUnlimitedGLASSES AT OURGOLD COAST LOCATION ONLY!1051 N. Rush SI. • 642-EYES(At State/Cedar/Rush, above Solomon Cooper Drugs) CONTACTLENSESOUR REGULAR PRICE30 day extendedwear lenses$3375SOFTMATE AM) BAI SCH AM)LOMBONEV. PROFESSION AL FEEADDITION AL REQUIRED.Offer expires 7/19/85Contact LensesUnlimitedEVANSTON1724 Sherman Ave.864-4441 NEW TOWN2566 N. Clark Si.880-5400 GOLD COAST1051 N. Rush St.(At Slate/Cedar/Rush,above Solomon Cooper Drugs'GREY CITY JOURNAL—FRIDAY, JULY 12, 1985—3continued from page 3economic system. (A substantial sec¬tion of the middle class, particularlyits youth, does support the Sanlinis-tas ) The peasant and working classes,however, under the leadership of thbSandinista Front of National Libera¬tion (itself a group composed of manydiffering political tendencies), expect¬ed as a reward for their costiy strug¬gle more sweeping reforms than that.Since neither group was strongenough to get along without the other,class and political struggle has en¬sued, as one would predict, and at themoment the Sandinistas appear to bewinning.It is worth recalling in this connec¬tion that the Sandinistas, before theTriumph, anticipated this sort of classstalemate and incorporated it intotheir plan of national ^construction.Under this plan, incentives would begiven for the bourgeoisie to continueto stay in the country and invest in thecontext of restrictions on profit levels,minimum wages and regulations to en¬sure that profits would be reinvestedaccording to a plan for rounded eco¬nomic development geared to supply¬ing the basic needs of the majority. Atthe same time, the Sandinistas wor ldimplement educational programs thatwould make the business and manage¬rial skills of the middle class availableto the larger population. This plan re¬flected their political realism and ma¬turity. as well as their desire for agenuine nonaligned foreign policy:they recognised that it was in part theflight of capital and professionallabor skills, and concomitant harass¬ment from the U S., that drove otheremerging Third World countries intoalliance with I e U.S.S.R.. notablyCuba, tt has bean difficult to imple¬ment the plan under the conditions .im¬posed by U S. policy, of course, and infact it is in order to crush the plan thatthe U.S. is pursuing its policy of terrorand subversion.At the time of the fall of the U.S.-im¬posed regime, then, Nicaragua had atype of government that conformedfairly closely to the model of a totali¬tarian government sketched above. Ifthe Sandinistas were totalitarians, wewould have expected them to do ev¬erything in their power to prevent theemergence of parliamentary and con¬stitutional political structures, toeradicate even more completely, ifthat were possible, the various typesof workers associations, and to imme¬diately embark upon an aggressivemilitary program with respect to thesurronding region.As a way of beginning to ask whatthe Sandinistas have actually done,consider the question of ideology. To¬talitarian ideology, like totalitariangovernance, has certain well-knownfeatures, primary among which isanti-politicism. Political structures,that is, are seen as inherently fraudu¬lent, useful only to various despisedraces or classes in their conspiracy todelude and oppress the common peo¬ple. Representative government isseen as especially dangerous in thisregard, since it deflects the people’sattention from the true source ofpower, which operates behind thescenes and is invisible. Instead, the“people” — in the form of the partyand the state, of course — must ruleover society directly, putting asidethe false facade of the constitutionand the parliament. Quite generally, acontempt for the political order andfor government as such characterizesthe speeches and propaganda of fa¬scist orators. Sandinista oratory andideaology are quite different; in fact,they are diametrically opposed to thetotalitarian version on every pointand manifest a profound respect torthe political order of a quality certain¬ly not found in the U.S., to take one ex¬ample. Sandinismo, to quote from thereport on Central America issued bythe British Labor Party, "embodiesthree powerful ideologies — Christ,the liberator of the poor, Marx, the‘liberator’ of the people, and Sandino,the national patriot.” The very firstsection of “The Historic Program ofthe FSLN” (1969) calls for “measuresof a political character,” including,again as the first point, “a structurethat allows the full participation ofthe entire people, on the national aswell as the local level,” and which will“guarantee freedom for the worker-peasant movement to organize in thecity and the countryside,” as well asnumerous other types of organization.Note that what is called for is not theabolition of the constitutional order infavor of direct rule — which might wellbe called a totalitarian ploy — but a“structure” allowing for participationof the “entire people,” with theirvarious conflicting interests and per¬ceptions. It is not surprising that theNicaraguan revolutionaries wouldwant to establish an authentic politi¬cal system; Somoza’s state was in ef¬fect lawless, and represented not po¬litical order, but disorder.These are only proposals, of course,but they are nevertheless importantin assessing the character and orienta¬tion of the revolution. Moreover,there have been unmistakable signsthat the proposals are being carriedout, under very difficult conditions ofsharp social conflict, deep distrustamong the involved parties, a lack ofdemocratic precedent and experience,and far-reaching attempts at subver¬sion by a powerful foreign neighbor.A constitution is in the process ofbeing written and forms the basis of a widely-reported discussion in th§ Ni¬caraguan media, and elections wereheld in November of 1984 and a par¬liament established at that time. Theelections are especially noteworthycompared to what had come before,under U.S. influence, when only twoparties — Somoza's Liberals and theConservatives — competed for power.Under Somoza, the ideological spec¬trum was even narrower than that ofthe U.S. (generally considered the nar¬rowest among the industrial capitalistcountries), and the majority were en¬tirely unrepresented, while the recentelections presented the voter withchoices ranging from conservative tofar left, with the center-left Sandinis¬ta Front winning a majority It shouldalso be noted that elections under So¬moza, a part from offer ng httlechoice, were fraudulently conducted,and that illiteracy among the popula¬tion, dramatically reduced ..nee therevolution, contributed to voterapathy, as did the gener, I (and cor¬rect) feeling that “Elec rons don'tmake any difference." •*';The revplution, then, lacked theideology normally associaed withclassical totalitarianism, ;tnd alsobrought about a dramatic b ladeningof political debate in Nicangia, some¬thing not usually associated with to¬talitarian movements. What about thespecific policies pursued by the San¬dinista Front? These may be dividedinto three broad categories: policiesdesigned to provide for the health andwelfare of the Nicaraguan majority,policies designed to ensure roundedeconomic development oriented tobasic needs, and policies designed toinvolve individuals in these develop¬ment plans through Iccal organiza¬tion. A look at some of the programsthe Sandinistas have implementedover the years should impress anyoneconcerned with democracy in the senseof rule in the interests of the demos, orthe least well off. All of the programsare part of a coordinated effort tobring services and goods to the major¬ity of the working people. One shouldnote, incidentally, that there is noneed to suppose some superhumanmoral qualities on the part of the San¬dinistas. U.S client states act in themorally repugnant way that they dobecause they have no interest in doingotherwise — seeing to the needs of themajority, in those countries, conflictswith attending to the needs of thetransnationals (which, to repeat, arefor cheap labor, a docile and obedientworkforce, etc.). The reverse is true inNicaragua, where there is no conflictof interest between building institu¬tions that serve the basic needs of thepopulation and building a successfulrevolution. The interests of the revolu¬tionary leaders and those of the ma¬jority coincide on tnis point.The basic needs of the majorities inThird World countries have to do withfood, shelter, clothing, health, and ed¬ucation. Most of the crushing povertyin the Third World, with its resultingmillions of deaths per year, is not dueto a lack of natural resources (fre¬quently the countries are resource-rich) but to distorted development im¬posed by centuries of Westerndomination. Much of the disease and-death in such countries is easily pre¬ventable given the will to do so. Afterthe revolution, the Sandinistas em¬barked upon a health program thatemphasized preventive measuresagainst common diseases, emphasiz¬ing gynecology, dental care, and vac¬cinations. Medical aid is combinedwith efforts to educate people aboutdisease prevention (during my stay inNicaragua, for example, there was anation-wide polio vaccination cam¬paign). Within the limits establishedby shortages of medicines and sup¬plies and a lack of modern technology(much of which is due to U.S. harass¬ment in preventing international or¬ganizations from making loans to Ni¬caragua), the programs have shownsome success; infant mortality, thoughstill high, has been reduced by about30 percent since the revolution. An¬other major effort of the governmenthas been the provision of efficient,low-cost housing, particularly in areasdevestated by floods and other natu¬ral disasters (compare this with Somo¬za’s inability to distribute aid of anysort to victims of the 1972 earth¬quake). In the midst of severe short¬ages, the government has establisheda list of “essential items” (toothpaste,powdered milk, flour) that are ra¬ tioned at reduced prices (again in con¬trast to Somoza’s reaction to short¬ages, which was to let people starve).Finally, illiteracy has been reduceddramatically to about 30 percent ofthe population. Some find fault withthe fact that people who learn to readalso learn about national heroes andthe story of the revolution. Such prac¬tices are no doubt ueplorable — withsome effort I can recall absorbingequivalent myths about George Wash¬ington, America’s attempt to civilizethe “Indians,” and the glories of U.S.industry in our schools — but perhapsunderstandable.These programs are, it should benoted, the primary targets of Contraattacks, most of which are directedagainst housing projects, hospitalsand clinics, agricultural collectives,and teachers or unionists. There is amethod to the Contra program, andthat Is to prevent the revolution frombenefiting the majority in the hopethat this will lead to the Sandinistas’decline in popularity.These programs are part of anoverafl economic policy. To quote onceagafn from the British Labor Party’sreport: “It is clear that the Nicara¬guan government is directing thecountry’s resources towards basic so¬cial needs. ... (T)he economic record ofthe Sandinistas has been most impres¬sive. The economic growth rate in1980 was over 10%, and in 1981 7%.... Since the revolution the FSLN ap¬pears to have halved unempfoyttoettL... Also, according to the Review of theBank of London of February 1983 ‘the(Sandinista) government has contin¬ued to honor all foreign debt commit¬ments of the previous regime.’ ” Al¬though inflation has been recognizedas a serious problem, it is somewhatoffset by the “social wage” now avail¬able to Nicaraguan workers.What about intermediate organiza¬tions, such as unions? Under Somoza,only about 1 percent of the “economic¬ally active” portion of the workingpopulation belonged to a union, andthe unions themselves had littlepower. A totalitarian stae surelywould have acted to remove eventhese last vestiges of workers' organi¬zations. New, there are hundreds ofunions in Nicaragua. The reason forthe large number is that they are or¬ganized in single factories or compa¬nies, reflecting the emergence of pre¬viously underground oppositionalorganizations. Some unions are evolv¬ing a federated structure, and theyexpress a variety of political tenden¬cies from Maoist (an extreme minori¬ty), to center-left, to conservative (asmall, but influential, minority). Theright to strike has been exercised onseveral occasions since the revolution,despite efforts made by the govern¬ment and union leaders to avoid suchconflict in the Interests of nationalunity in the face of foreign aggres¬sion.What of the question, finally, of mili¬tary expansion? It must first bestressed that at no time have the San¬dinistas espoused an ideology of mili¬tary expansion, as did the Europeanfascists. On the contrary, they haverepeatedly indicated their willingnessto sign a treaty for the removal of allforeign military from Central Americaand placing limits on the nature andamount of weaponry of the variousCentral American nations. The U.S. hasblocked such an agreement, as itwishes to continue its massive militarybuildup in Honduras and continue todirect the crushing of El Salvador’srevolution. It should also be obviousthat foreign military adventureswould not be a priority for a society aspoverty stricken and underdevelopedas Nicaragua’s. Let us look, neverthe¬less, at the Nicaraguan armed forces.Lt. Col. John H Buchanan (USMC-re-tiredl, in lustimony before the HouseSubcommittee on Inter-Americar; Af-faiu, nas presented detailed informa¬tion about the equipment and capabil¬ities of the Sandinista army. Itconsists of many armed combatants,some Soviet T-55 tanks, a few limited-range planes, and some anti-aircraftguns. Lt. Col. Buchanan points out thatthe terrain in Honduras, which is verymountainous, makes the tanks logisti-cally useless, not to mention the factthat these tanks are very poorly con¬structed, making them in his words, "aless than imposing piece of armor.”Because Nicaragua is dependent onforeign sources for oil, moreoever, itwould have a difficult time sustaining any invasion that provoked interna¬tional reaction Lt. Col. Buchanan con¬cludes that Nicaragua’s military is de¬fensive in nature and could not besuccessfully used for aggressive pur¬poses. In contrast, Honduras possesses(thanks to the U.S.) the largest airforce in the region, with sophisticatedbombers capable of reaching Mana¬gua in minutes. Nicaragua’s stress onanti-aircraft weaponry seems compre¬hensible in this light. Mr. Reagan’sclaims about Nicaragua’s “provoca¬tive” standing army probably refersto the popular militias — basicallynormal citizens who have had somemilitary training and have access toguns in the event of foreign invasion.The militias seem suited more forguerrilla defense than invasion, andin light of Mr. Reagan's stated goal ofoverthrowing the government, suchpreparation does not seem uncalledfor.As for Mr. Reagan’s worries aboutNicaragua becoming "another Cuba,”it is instructive to ask oneself why thiswould threaten U.S. security. When Iwas in Miami in April, it did not seemto me that the residents were terriblyconcerned about an imminent Cubaninvasion. Cuba, on the other hand,does have such concerns about the U.S.— having once been invaded by it. If itts the Soviet connection that matters,it should be recalled that the U S S Rcould destroy the U.S. In about 30 min¬utes (less with missiles launched fromsubmarines), so a ’’base” in Cuba orNicaragua hardly seems relevant.(Things were different in the early1960's, of course, when the U.S.S.R.only had 3 or 4 ICBM’s and we hadhundreds; then a base may have mat¬tered, and the Soviet emplacement ofnuclear weapons in Cuba may havebeen justified under deterrencetheory).ft seems safe to conclude that at themoment, Nicaragua is not displayingthe military adventurism one asso¬ciates with totalitarian movements.Under U.S. tutelage, in contrast Ni¬caragua often made itself the base forU.S. efforts at subversion In CentralAmerica; in fact, it is largely to makeup for having lost Nicaragua as itsCentral American strongman that theU.S. is taking over Honduras anderecting a huge military apparatusthere, for possible use against the Sal¬vadoran or Nicaraguan population.It is not very surprising that thosewho pretend to be worried about Ni¬caraguan totalitarianism do not wastemuch time wondering about the howtotalitarianism works, because if theydid they would immediately encountera strange paradox in the case of Ni¬caragua Hannah Arendt points out, inher study on the origins of totalitari¬anism, that- the emergence of totali¬tarian governments gave the lie to thenotion that the populations of Europe¬an countries had actually become in¬volved in democratic institutions.What she had in mind was that a total¬itarian movement, in order to takepower and destroy the political order,required large masses of atomized,isolated, and depoliticized individuals— people who had no political party oraffiliations and therefore no politicalexperience or ideas. Now it is precise¬ly societies iike Nicaragua, one wouldthink — that is, societies whose popu¬lations, victimized by a foreignpower, had been prevented from de¬veloping any forms Of political associ¬ation of their own — which could mosteasily fall prey to the totalitariantemptation. This is especially true inlight of the fact that for them, (Skjfcticalstructures and constitutional formsnever were anything other than asham, a device by which a tiny eliteimposed its rule. This is not the sort ofenvironment one would expect to en¬courage the development of politicalthinking. It is a source of profound re¬assurance to note, therefore, that theSandinistas ?eem to be doing their ut¬most to dense structures of politicalintegration, democratic representa¬tion, and numerous intermediate or¬ganizations.It should be ci*ar by now that U.S.rhetoric abou* human rights and mili¬tary expansion in Nicaragua is theshallowest pretense, designed only tobuild popular support for policies thatwould be resisted if presented ontheir "merits.” The U.S. has never hadany particular opposition to govern¬ment by terror, except when it threa¬tens its interests. It has often indicat¬ed its attachment to terrorEXOTIC WORLD QF SUMMER BRUNCHREFRESHING SUNDAY 1 PM6020 INGLESIOEALMOST TROPICALALL SUMMER WRITBtS PLEASE ATTEND administered effectively in its inter¬ests — indeed, it has often directlycarried it out. Its real interest is inmaintaining, by any means necessary,a global economic hierarchy fromwhich it benefits enormously. It is ofcourse somewhat mystifying to speakof “the U.S.” in this way, as if thatterm referred to a unity not dividedby class conflict and privilege. The ma¬jority of the U.S. do not benefit fromthe foreign policy pursued by theirrulers, any more than they benefitfrom the polluted environment, stulti¬fying, dangerous and low-paid work,inadequate welfare system, and un¬employment that the powers that behave arranged domestically.It is therefore difficult to believethat the news that Niaragua is not atotalitarian state will do much to af¬fect Washington planners, who are al¬ready aware of this fact, and in anycase indifferent to it. They have moreconcrete concerns. It is a source ofsome frustration when one reflects onthe fact that the government thatplanned and carried out some of themost terrifying holocausts of the cen¬tury — the bombing of Dresden,Tokyo, Hiroshima, and Nagasaki; thedestruction of Indochina — is stillviewed (by its own population if, in¬creasingly, nowhere else in the civi¬lized world) as having some specialmoral revulsion to totalitarianism andterror. In light of the highly undemo¬cratic character of U.S. society, withits network of power and privilegequite beyond the reach of electoraland parliamentary politics, it is evi¬dent that only a fundamental, revolu¬tionary redistribution of wealth andpower will alter the situation, and oneknows how likely an event that is.Some might argue that elected offi¬cials, should they decide to exercisesome of the powers that are constitu¬tionally reserved to them, might atleast constrain the violence of thestate. It is perhaps appropriate here— given that we are debating thequestion of whether to fund peoplewhose only mode of operation is thatof recognized war criminality — tothink about the generally recognizedresponsibilities of citizens and electedofficials with regard to crimes of thestate. According to the Tokyo Tribu¬nal. “A leader must take affirmativeacts to prevent war crimes or dissoci¬ate himself from the government. If hefails to do one or the other, then bythe very act of remaining in the gov¬ernment of a state guilty of warcrimes, he becomes a war criminal.”The most serious war crime is thecrime against peace — blocking nego¬tiations and insisting on a military so¬lution, frequently the stance of thetechnologically powerful but morallyweak. The U.S. has done this in Nicara¬gua and elsewhere, repeatedly, e.g.Vietnam in the 1960’s, El Salvadortoday. The exact wording of a bill de¬signed to legitimate the U.S. waragainst Nicaragua — whether it is indirect support of the Contras or.couched in the insipid, almost blasphe¬mous, phraseology of “humanitariani-am” — is less important than puttingthe Congress on record in basic sup¬port of the thrust of Mr. Reagan’s poli¬cies, however qualified. The point is toput the U.S. Congress on record as sup¬porting the Reagan Administrationstiftprovoked war against a nation farloo weak to harm anyone and withenough problems of its own, most ofthem a legaey of U.S. domination, as itis. Given the realities, not the myth, ofU.S. “democracy,” it seems sil'y to ex¬pect anything more decisive from Con¬gress.A» 1 write, the U.S. i» once againtesting the waters, through its con¬duits in die media, for a possible inva¬sion of Nicaragua. The fact that its dis-information is internallycontradictdll — Insisting that Nicara¬gua poses a *grave threat” to U.S. se¬curity while simultaneously boastingthat “we could easily knock them out”because they are only "lightly defend¬ed” (International Herald Tribune,June 6, 1985) — occasioned no com¬ment in the bourgeois press, whichchose to suspend its commitment totruth and objectivity in this case. Thisunderscores the real threat — that toNicaraguan security from U.S. vio¬lence — and the need for North Ameri¬cans to think clearly about their gov¬ernment’s sudden discovery oftotalitarianism in Nicaragua whilebacking regimes of unbelievable sav¬agery throughout the world; to under¬stand, in short, how and why they arebeing manipulated- Nicaragua wasnot the first country to be singled outfor brutalization at the hands of theU.S. state, nor, alas, will it be the last.The meaning of the U.S.-Nicaraguastruggle is intelligible only in the con¬text of the war against the ThirdWorld, waged with increasing inten¬sity by the U.S. since the Second WorldWar. In light of Congressional compli¬ance and general ideological compati¬bility with this policy, the current situ-ation clearly calls forextraparliamentary action — demon¬strations, civil disobedience, and massresistance of any sort that would con¬strain U.S. aggression. If those op¬posed to another Vietnam make them¬selves heard now, there is a chancethat the U.S. government will judgethe political risk too high to escalateits current program of terror, politi¬cal subversion and destabilization toa full-scale invasion.4—FRIDAY, JULY 12, 1985—GREY CITY JOURNALSALE ENOS 7/15/85IMBARK LIQUORS 6 WINE SHOPPE114 East gN Stmt • In Kimbark Plan 493*3355BUDWEISER6-12 oz. CANS$^99COLD ONLY KLOSTER6-12 os. No R*» Brit. ALFA6-12 oz. No R*». Brit.$259 $259 HEINEKEN6-12 oi. 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