SC votes accord with CCCOThe Student Government sociation Committee passed aAssembly at its meeting Statement supporting a boycott ofTuesday authorized the presi- segregated public schools and adent and executive committee *?lly (^rtoJjer 22> c^Ied “Ff.ee‘Lnnrnfo with thA Pn dom Day by the Coordinatingto coopera - Counoil of Community Organiza-ordmating Council ot Com- ^ons (CCCO), which organized it.muility Organiaztions or any The Willis declaration cited dataof its member groups ill the from the CCCO which it said sub¬fight to end segregation in Chicago stantiated claims that Superintend-public schools." ent Willis is ‘‘segregating Ghica-The same resolution also de- go’s public schools.” New schoolmanded tlie “immediate firing of buildings were placed in segre-(Chieago Public School) Superin- gated neighborhoods, instead ofbendent Benjamin C. Willis and the along the borders between whiteresumption by the Board of Edu- and Negro areas, the data showed,cation of its supervisory capacities in addition, the resolution said,in the school system. the evidence indicated that theIn other action, SG called upon school system spends more perthe administration to release full white pupil than per Negro pupil,reasons for the tuition rise it has “The average appropriation per aannounced will go into effect next pupil is $342 if his skin is white Vol. 72 — No. 15 University of Chicago, Friday, Nov. 1, 1963500 hear Arendt discuss bookby Sharon GoldmanEichmann in Jerusalem isreport of what happened vidual as an individual, rather “Eichmann was not only a cog,than as a member of a system. but he was a somebody, an indi-Since an individual and not a vidual. who had made certain deci-aunouncea win go inw meet next pupii $342 if his skin is white issues which were system was on trial in Jerusalem- sions on his own, who had hadyear, and urged the University arxj $209 if it is black (the average aM . _1S®U . many have asked what the use of certain motivations of a personalBookstore to institute a system of appropriation for integrated schools c°USldeied dunng the ElC 1- ^ Eichmann trial was. “It ren- nature* s^le said'rebates to UC students, faculty, Ls $320 per pupil). mann trial, according to the book’s dered justice, which was most im-and employees. “Dr. Willis appears to know all author Hannah Arendt. The book portant,” stated Miss Arendt.Finally, the Assembly passed the 0f these statistics but refuses to nature,’It was crucially important, ac¬cording to Miss Arendt, that Eich¬mann knew the extent of hiswrongs when he was performingthe acts.Eichmann was no common crimi¬nal, and his crime was no ordinary-crime. The innermost essence ofhis crime was not that against theJewish people, but against thehuman race—hoslis humani gen¬eris.There is a widespread theory thatcrimes committed by the Nazisdefy judgment because they werecommitted by sovereign states andbecause of the immensity of thecrimes.Such crimes, she continued, fallunder the rubric of political justicewith all its uncertainties. Since thecrimes can’t be adequately pun¬ished, some feel that they shouldnot be punished at all.According to Miss Arendt, therendering of justice in such casesrequires us to bring up the ques¬tion of guilt and responsibility. Ifone takes the attitude that thereis such a thing as collective guilt,no individual guilt, as such, canexist. One can judge any personworking under such a system onlymeant (neither as a theoretical In order to render justice, the if one assumes that collective guiltiL^ey aIso supported the demand treatise on any system nor as a circumstances surrounding this does not exist,assembly will refuse to take a that Robert J. Havighurst, UC historical description of Jewish crime and criminal had to be taken There is also, stated Miss Arendt,poSm,m <m these quest,ons smee. professor of educate, -assume suffering. cooperation and because of no auch thing as collective inno-he said they are inapropriate to the immediate and sole charge of ... . into consideration and Decause 01SG. the school survey" started last M^ A«ndt. professor on dm ^ the organiZed bureaucraticThe Executive Committee sob- spring. TTte other persons on the her°I't>0ok“ and' answered system has also to be taken intoresolution on inter-collegiate foot- release them even to the Boardball which was delayed from its 0f Education,” the resolution con-last meeting. It failed, however, to tinued. “When a study of Chicago’sconsider resolutions on Vietnam schools was ordered, similar to theand a nuclear test ban treaty, due one being conducted by Dr. Willisto lack of time. in Massachusetts, he insisted onPermit direct action being a member. Dr. Willis willJerry Hyman, SG vice-president, now evaluate the worth of Dr.pointed out that this bill mandates Willis. And even with this conces-the Executive and the Government sion by the Board, no work hasto participate in direct action with yet been done.”such groups as the Student Non- The resolution supported the de-vblent Coordinating Committee mands put forth by the CCCO,(SNCC) and the Congress on especially stressed the demandsRacial Equality (CORE), which that Willis be replaced; that thearc member groups of CCCO. Board integrate both staff and stu-“It furthermore defines GNOSIS’s dents; that Sterling McMurrin andconception of ‘students as students’ Lester Nelson, who, the CCCOto include students in die broader oharged, were partisan to Willis,educational community,” Hyman be removed from the Committeecontinued. to Study Racial Composition o£SG President Don Congdon com- Chicago Schools, which was ap-mciited, “It is now absolutely pointed by the Board this summer;clear that SG has set a precedent that the Board publish a total in-lor vigorous action <hi issues af- ventory of school population andfeeling education and Chicago class room usage, that mobilewhich will be continued through the classroom units be used only afterrest of the year. It remains to be all other space is filled, and thatdetermined whether the govern- the new members of the Board bement will take a position on re- appointed who are “publicly onmoter issues such as Vietnam and record in favor of overcoming denuclear test bans.” facto segregation in the schools.”Congdon “predicted” that the SG2S2XJ22. before an audience of account. For the benefit of thosepersons who were not ableto get into Breasted Hall,the tape of Miss Arendt'stalk will be played at Hil-lel House, Tuesday at 8 pm.“• !S “W”' 3T' fTl A,T° S' S?”- ''lac °', ,hf, about 500, who crammed Breasted Miss Arendt noled that Mmcmg that it had received a mandate University of Illinois School of H ,, , th lfthhv „f Oriental m s Arenat noiea uiax somefront the assembly which would Education. L“lute. {h« program was spon- ““tf £1allow the Exec to take a stand on Want tuition facts sored by the Hillel Foundation. which did not strictly belong there,such an “off-campus” issue. The The tuition resolution stated that, According to Miss Arendt, her However, this was by no means aintuition passed with 21 in favor, while students are naturally dis- object in attending the trial was new situation. The object of theour opposed, and svx abstentions, turbed over the recently an- the study of one man. The court- Nuremberg trials was to “make aon Willis came nounced raise in tuition for next room procedure provided the best record of the Hitler regime Which tt the court were to concernalt •( the UC National Student As- (Continued on page twelve) opportunity to examine an indi- would withstand the test of his- W4tb s4as 0£ ommission, “who1% » • • . • . tory,” and many non-legal methods Q{ my- generation can say that heueans ana section heads comment were used. However, Miss Arendt was free of it?>» Eichmann cannoted, the judges of the Jerusalem oniy by judged if we assume thatDistrict Court were much better neither one nor the other exists,and clearer in withstanding this _ .enticement. The possibility of his non-partici¬pation in the Nazi crimes thus hadMcKim Marriott, head of the £ J* prov^ in order to ir!dictsocial science section in the rw. mark attributed her that Eichmann Eichmann. Miss Arendt pointed out“However, the attachment to un- lege, noted the flexibility of the Was !^!y f. °°g ™ that the court discovered a certain- s y ery. “While the system had to be number of SS men who asked to beMost faculty hold joint postsMost College faculty mem- should come together,bers hold joint-positions in explained,the departments, according to Streeterthe deans of the TTniver«itv’« dergraduate education is 1 e s s present staff system in the division r\ TT \ 1 , ,, numoer ot bb men who asked to befour Sons y 3 strong in other departments-exotic "There are abm* 20 people on fte Sa« of their duties EWhmann.languages, for example. staffs rf the first «d seeond year $££££?%& ***Commenting recently on tlie planto combine the English departmentfaculty with College English staff, ‘Other departments, art and soc courses,” Marriott said, “andmusic among them, make wide each one holds a different position.” ArS "^dicta?”^ touse of the joint appointment, he {e, u;,. little> justthe deans of social science, phy- continued “Though formal amalca Marriott is associate professor be too big or too lieioal science, and biology stated mati0n has taken nlace most^of m 1)116 department of anthropology dle-sized (in the <gxuw .1.— u. mation nas taKen place, most ot nnH in 4Vlp rAUoao Miss ^n^ continued. Miss Arendt noted that Eichmanntypifies the moral confusion inorganization),” Germany The Suilt?V(Continued on page eight)either that similar plans were be- the members of the college hu- *** in the CoUeg€’^ _cc»nsidered or were not really manities courses hold departmental “There are full-time membersneeded within their divisions. The appointments.” of one of the departments teachingdean of the humanities division, to Gale Johnson, dean of the social one or more College sections. Onw uch the English department be- gcjcjcg division and professor of the other hand, there are a hand-ngs, noted that the joint appoint- Economics, stated that the merg- full of College appointees teachingment is present in the remaining ing of faculties ^ advisable only a full load of divisional courses. Council (IFC) passed a reso- much comment among the sfai-IFC passes race measureThe UC Inter-Fraternity by several letters to the editor andhumanities departments.Robert Streeter, dean of the hu¬manities division, said that the if both sides are happy about it. We tend towards a general balance lotion this week declaring dents“Such a thing should not be a shot- over the years.” * -gun wedding,” he said. “It should Marriott added that it would beworthwhile to see whetherdivision’s policy committee will not be forced upon the staffs.” W„1UI1WI111C ,„.wconsider the planned English-siaff The history department is the devices could be invented to nro- 00l°r any form in UC fraternimerger this weekend, and will hand oniy part Gf the social science divi devices COUl<1 136 invente<1 to V™ -- ^down a recommendation to the di- sion which has considered the pos-vision. The members of the division gfoility of uniting their staffs, John-will meet on November 14 to vote statedOk die issue, he added.“The reaction of the division is is already substantial and is in-largely affirmative and I anticipate creasing, he noted,favorable action,” Streeter, profes¬sor of English, commented.He stated that he would not rec¬ommend similar action for the itself against discrimination The text of the IFC’s resohitiooon the basis of race, creed, or follows:Whereas ddsorknination hasttes* been practiced at various times aftIn the resolution, the IPC de- various chapters throughout tbsvide maximal advantage to the division. “We might be able to getDatea more suitable curricula and we clared that it will continue to nation and,The number of joint-appolntmente Sis aSfptedg*J 5L? ’U>V'^ *?“This svstem is working out verv ^ imuu-oiscipuitdry have in ^ past ^ do at present rjhinis system is wonung out very staff such ^ ^ 2, and a single- b<3.]c.lf, uc fraternities Uhioago,well. New people are considered discipline English staff.” belor^ UC tratermUes’in advance of an appointment byboth the department and the Col ‘Be it resolved that tile Into**entire division because of the great lege. William H. McNeill, chairman of *^ie resolution came a^er * Fraternity Council of the Unsiver-the history department, predicted se/?6f ** editonals in the Maroon sity of Chicago actively opposesrange of differences in the depart- "However, «u>ugh the JoW-ap. •- ^ ^‘t-eT^Ttr £“a J? oTcotor aM “do^r„TSi Zr1“hkdePartrente’i.S J'aS toe to merge the departmental Practices and implored UC Ira. h^fn' £ “t, .laUand elsewhere, have always taken thing as a umted staff, it applies College faculties “There has termties to prevent (he same thing . tvJicvanaca^ixnereet taund^graduate only to new faculty member*^ “on TthS? from happening to them. ^SZJLSSTLThe editorials were acompanied pledging procedures.”liberal education. Thus, tills is the thus is not universal,” Johnsonnatural place in which tlie staffs said. (Continued on page twelve)*#»> *»fhi * Students hold protestPenn bans Wallace appearancePHILADELPHIA (CPS)— to hear university Provost David press conference prior to the stu- Dismiss Miami editorBy Barbara Lazarus her teachers dropped her from(Of the Mich. Daily) their courses without any warningMIAMI (CPS) — The Uni- aad ihat “* f0?™1 MediatelyMore than 200 University of R- Goddard speak on “The Mean- dent activities committee meeting, • . f Mia • Qt„dent afler my editorial-pannCvh7on;>> ctndonfc rkielr- ing of a Liberal Education.” said about the proposed Wallace ,,Pennsylvania students pick- *“* of a Liberal Education.” said about the proposed wauace publi ~ ti(Jns Board dismissed She said that both of them wore, . i B The reason given for denial of visit, “If you think it will be to 1 'UDiitaxions r»oaia aibmissea MiitiaM “ rer , ^ p , auditorium usage was that groups your (the students) advantage to the editor of its student ‘ , , , . one 1Ssion of die Penn «lmin^stranon guch M tfae campus chapter cf the get him here, and if you see to it newspaper, The Hurricane, last Fri- ^ s advisor Shenot to allow the Daily Pennsyl- NAACp wouId Dot have enough that ^ thing is balanced and not day (October 25), but denied that thdt he*\ teachers had in¬van lan, tlie campus newspaper, the a protest demons- just a way to create sensational- this was due to a controversial ,dllowed her miss classuse of one of the campus audi- tr|Uion This was refuted by the ism, then have him here.” editorial urging greater participa- order to work on the paper andtonums to sponsor a speech by NAACp in a jetter the Daily Richard Haley, national assistant tion of Negro students in campus ‘ s e ad not,,. en warnedGovernor George C. pennsyivanjan this morning from of the Congress of Racial Equality activties, which had appeared the a M>11 excessive cuttinS.that group. (CORE), said, “First of all. I be- week before. The new editor is Linda Reis-The Committee on the Wallace lieve that the only way we can Miami University Vice President n,an ,a senior in journalism MhoWallace.The campus paper decided tore-invite Wallace after the LawShoo forum had earlier decided Demonstration said that progress demonstrate our regard for the and chairman of the Publications Ja? "”?v'r w»rke*' ®» «« Papera w£,ld risking civil chaos by had a,lr,eady ^en made toward a spirit of the first amendment ol he Board, H, Franklin Williams, said befOT'- according lo Miss r.ilbert.n wouia oe risning a peaceful integrated demonstration Constitution is to allow anyone the n:„u •_’ f -m, n peaceful integrated demonstration constitution is to allow anysponsoring an address The Penn when ^ university decisiQn was right to express themselves.”paper had been meeting with local announccd< ' The Delphian, the campus news£es7 secretary311to work out the “^e University should have the pa^r said in an ^itorial on the ^t*or Efa“yne~GUbert feF'bekfw ;Taff7 "but well quahfLr andarrangements for police protection ba<:kbone to Slve lts own reasons, Wallace matter, Fear that this that standard. was confirmed by the Board afterarrangements ior pouce proiecuon. and not attempt to cast aspersions action by the committee will setYesterday the university toe abilities of civil rights or- a precedent to bar any speakerwhat seemed to observers to be a ganization>» the letler concluded, from the Adelphi campus who was be,n« taken task tor thereversal of position, said that it Wallace was a hot issue at an. *does represent the ideals and editorial she wrote. The Universityeoukl not allow the paper une use other campus as well The student practices that we uphold at Adelphi extends a great deal of freedom are no Negroes iiJ. ,1^ Activities committee, composed of University.’ We submit that in a to its students.” Williams said. letic departments except intravarying amounts of students, democracy it is always beneficial Monday night that there is a re- Williams said that “the paj>er squirement that student editors supervisor picked the best editorcarry a full class load and that he could find. She was not on the“It is not true that Miss Gilbert a «miplete hearing of Miss Gil¬bert s case.The editorial charged that therein any of the ath-denied Wallace the right to speakonrp,^€ Ren” campus. faculty, and adminstration, of to hear all types of opinions exrkl nninFf hv * ACTION a Adelphi University (Garden City, pressed, if only to help strengthen — — - ■■result oi planning Dy( 1. NY) last night refused to allow our own. Our country should not that she had hecn specially regis- discrimination.campus Pouncal party, ano ne w u speak on the Delphi be denied the strength of well- tered for these courses two weeks cd:ior:„iWomens Student Government As- . . , ° “ l„i.„ ,.v,„ u.,j cairoriaicampus. informed citizens who are the late> oecause she had notWilliams said that she had been murals and that there is only onedropped from the courses because Negro graduate assistant. It alsoAdelphi University (Garden City, pressed, if only to help strengthen of excessive absences. He noted urged an end to possible fraternityWomens Student Government As- campus> informed citizens who are the late> because she had not thesoS1ia11lon. , . Miss Ruth Skinner, chairman of backbone of our democratic sys- Pr°Per course load at the beginningFollowing the picketing in front [h committee a £tale. Um ^ AdeI Ai sludcnta shou,d of the semester.of c°Uege Ha^l the university ad- Delphian, the campus not be denied this opportunity tomimstrative building, the students , . . ’ ,, r, , . , ; . f,™.r.r.w in TTniv.rcit^ ^wspaper, explaining the group s become part of that strength.”action. The letter states that whilerecognizing the desirability ofmarched over to the UniversityMuseum Auditorium where morethan 1,000 parents wore assembling various o( vkw du.cussed on campus, the committee. . . feels that Governor Wallace,by defiance of the decision of theBOB NELSON MOTORSSsMthside's LargestIMPORTSALES CENTRESERVICETRIUMPH & PEUGEOTFull Liae Or DisplayComplete RepairsAnd ServiceFor All Popular Import*Midway 3-45016040 So. Cottage Grove Expose Harvard parties gave"improper impression"Williams said that “the editorialu . . gave an improper impression thatNo warning given there are some reservations on in-Miss Gilbert said that two of tegration at Miami.“TTie impression of her editorialis incorrect and the University ofMiami has achieved complete in¬tegration,” he continued.uphold at Adelphi University. TVan rrfEddy, president of Adelphi, in a j^onro Miss Gilbert said that she hadbeen told that there were certainareas she was not to write editor-There’s a Beautiful, New Old-FashionedDelicatessen In Hyde ParkAnd it's the only place serving reallyfine food anywhere near you —af prices that remind you of thegood old days Regulations allowing women in Monro stated: “The present set of_ m , . , men’s rooms at Harvard Univer- rules is now producing a succes-th^Hideals °and practicesFthatS we sity ^ leading to “wild parties and sion of serious violations and a..ejwviA ..f aiieinK; tTniimpcifv ’» sexual intercourse,” according to system of attitudes which are not . . . . . .the College John U. only distressing but promise to s ,UK ey m' luded ink gra-move us closer to outright l™’ temporary buddings, free-»» j . . ,. ... ee.orori.ri >* oom of the student press, andMonro made his findings public scandal. morals. She added she had beenm an issue of the Crimson, the No changes have been planned given ^ opportunity for a retrac-Harvard student newspaper. at this point in the visiting regu- tjonTrouble has arisen, stated lations. Williams said that “editorial re-aJ>eCaUSe, What« Was. ^1Ce POUT rnuruc UAnf|Ml# frictions are negligible and thatconsidered a pleasant privilege PULI I COUCUS Monday on]y cerUin restrictions within(allowing women in dormitories) POLIT will hold a caucus Mon- gQod journalistic taste such ashas come to be a license to use day night at 7:30 in the Ida Noyes morals are taboo subjects.”the college for wild parties and Library. ... , ..... ,., intprnr. ” Gilbert said that the newsurs ’ Topics for discussion at the cau- editor and editorial assistant hadUnder Harvard rules, women cus include forthcoming conference resigned with her in protest of theare allowed in men’s rooms be- on poverty, automation, and civil decision. “The National Associa-tween 4 and 7 pm on weeknights rights as well as a general con- tion for die Advancement of Col¬and from noon to midnight on sideration of plans. ored People has been protestingweekends. All interested iiersons are invited President of the University,Commenting on the situation, to attend. but die University does not feelthat this body should interfere,”she said.Returning Peace Corpsvolunteers are requested tocontact Dean Warner A.Wick at kis office, Adminis¬tration 201 .'extension 3247.UNIQUE1501 E. 53rd Street(corner Harper)Phone: FA 4-0633 ... We deliverPOM-POMSCash-n-Carry SpecialV2 Price Normally $2.50for Students Now $125and Faculty Big BunchSMALL BLOOMING MUMS - $1.50Ml 3-4226Bova FloristuWhere Your Dollar Has Blooming SenseOff the Corner but on the Square99 CONTINENTALMERCURYCOMETSALES — SERVICE — PARTSLAKE PARK MOTORS. Inc.S035 S. COTTAGE GROVE CHICAGO. ILL.HYde Pork 3-3445HOBBY HOUSERESTAURANTBREAKFAST DINNERLUNCH SNACKS1342 E. 53rd St. KNITTED WEARUNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO NITEEMade of smooth soft com¬fortable cotton. Cut extrafull and long. Bright Redonly. U of C crest in white.$200 eachU of C HOODEDSWEAT SHIRTSHeavy fleece lined cottonwith ribbed neck, cuffs andbottom. Navy Blue only.$395 eachThe University ofChicago Bookstore5002 Ellis AvenueRENT-A-CARPER DAYPER MILEATOMIC CARRENTALS, INC.7057 Stony IslandMl 3-5155► Chicago Style Debate tonight Thrae Cuba vistorsto speak at Mandelk Women pervade the cam¬pus: they settle freely inclassrooms, laboratories, li-braries, and dormitories—andeven on the grass. Why?Tonight, five students — all ofthem men — will try to decidewhether women belong. The dar¬ing young men will debate thepio(K»sition that women should notbe admitted to any American col¬lege or university.The “female factor” will be ex¬amined in an original-traditional-intellectual - satirical - dialecticalmanner at a Chicago Style Debate.The Chicago Style Debate, whichdeparts somewhat from standarddebate procedure, is scheduled aspart of the Third Annual Univer¬sity of Chicago Debate Tourna¬ment. Some 30 teams will be oncampus today and tomorrow todebate whether “the federal gov¬ernment should guarantee an op¬portunity for all qualified highschool graduates to obtain a high¬er education.”Visiting teams will be given anopportunity to investigate the Chi¬cago style in tonight public ex¬hibition at 8 pm in the CloisterClub of Ida Noyes Hall. Admissionto the debate is 25c.Although Chicago style debatorsare as eloquent as their more con¬ventional colleagues, they receivefar more audience aid or hin¬drances. At any time during thedebate, a member of the audi¬ence may rise and interrupt aspeaker with a short speech ofhis own — regardless of its rele¬vance to the topic at hand.Audience reaction to the speakerSwim meet MondayThe annual intramural swim¬ming meet will be held thus Mon¬day. November 4 in Bartlett Gymat 3:45. Eight events will lie run.There will be no preliminaries,only finals with timing and across-the-lnxird picking to determine theplaces. of the moment is strongly encour¬aged. Cries of “hear, hear,” boos,hisses ,and cheers represent onlythe more common means of heck¬ling.UC's five daring young menhave been split up into threegroups for the debate. Two ofthem will argue for the affirma¬tive, two for the negative, and onewill serve as rebuttalist.First affirmative is Paul Stivers,a second year student in the Col¬lege who was a state championdebater in high school in Ham¬mond, Indiana.Second affirmative is Frank H.Whol, the assistant coach of theUC team and a member of lastyear's champion collegiate teamat Dartmouth College. He is afirst year student in the law school.First negative is William Wolf-son. a second year biochemistrystudent in .the College. Wolfsonwas a novice on last year’s UCteam.Second negative is Wolfson’s brother Michael, a third year stu¬dent in the law school. The elderWolfson participated in the UCstyle debate last year.Rebuttalist is George Badenoch,a first year law student who de¬bated as an undergraduate atDartmouth.In the regular tournament, eachschool will participate in sixrounds of debate. The eventualwinner will be determined by itsoverall won and-lost record.The participating schools includeAnderson College, the Universityof Wisconsin, Western Illinois Uni¬versity, Bradley University, Ken¬yon College, the University of Min¬nesota, the University of Illinois,Marquette University, Loyola Uni¬versity, Wabash College, IllinoisCollege, Elmhurst College, North¬ern Illinois University, the Uni¬versity of Detroit, the Universityof Illinois at Chicago, Goshen Col¬lege, Miami University, WilsonJunior College, and, of course, UC. Three students who trav¬eled to Cuba recently in de¬fiance of the State Depart¬ment’s Cuban travel ban willparticipate in a panel discussionat Mandel Hall Sunday.The program, s(x>nsored byPOLIT, is scheduled to begin at8 pm. Admission is 50c, and themoney gathered will be used todefray the cost of the trials offour other students who face pro¬secution in New York for the trip.The three students who arescheduled to speak were part ofa group which spent two monthsin Cuba this summer. The studentshad been invited by the Federationof Universty Students. While inCuba, the group travelled exten¬sively, and visited factories, hos¬pitals, and schools.The students had all their ex¬penses paid by the Cuban govern¬ment during their stay.McDavid and Hess conduct studyTwo IJC faculty membersare participating' in a studyof language characteristics ofvarious social groups in Chi¬cago. The project will attempt toisolate speech characteristics whichact as a hindrance in educationaland economic aspirations of lowerincome groups.Working on the grant are RavenT. McDavid, associate professor ofEnglish, Robert D. Hess, associateprofessor of education and humandevelopment, and two professorsof linguistics at the Illinois Instituteof Technology.Hess said the researchers con¬sider this project as the first stepin a more long-range project toimprove the language skills ofschool children from certain lowersocial-economic groups. Eventual¬ly, it is hoped, the information gained in the study could be ap¬plied o the teaching of Englishin the schools.The current project is beingsponsored by the US Departmentof Health, Education, and Welfare,and is expected to be completed intwo years. Interviews are nowbeing conducted with lower andmiddle class whites and Negroes,to determine their speech patterns.The project stems from the re¬searchers’ thedry theory that dif¬ference in dialeot between somestudents and their teachers the ed¬ucational and vocational progressof the students.Language can act as a hindranceeither because of communicationdifficulties it presents (the teachermay not understand the child), orbecause certain patterns have astigma and create loss of prestige,explained Hess. The project will attempt first toclarify the differences in speechpatterns, and then to determinewhich of the speech patterns act asto prevent their progress. Theseare the patterns that would be dealtwith in a future language program.Any teaching of the more ac¬cepted ways of speaking wouldbe done as a second language. Cur¬rently, said Hess, students aretaught the “proper” way to speak,and are told that the way theyspeak is wrong.McDavid and his group feel thatit would be better to teach themore common speaking pat-ternsas an alternate way of speakingrather than as a replacement forthe current way. This method hasbeen used in Great Britain andFrance for years. Upon their return to the US,however, four of the students wereindicted in New York for a varietyof offenses including conspiracyto organize and break the Cubantravel ban and traveling withouta legal passport.All told, the students who wereindicted face jail terms of up tofifteen years and fines of up to$1500.The three students who arescheduled to talk are Pat Sopiat,John Coatsworth, and Mike Brown.Levi Laub, and Phil Luce, leadersof the trip cannot come, sincethey have been enjoined fromleaving New York until their trialsare over.The pane! plans to discuss dif¬ferent aspects of the trip and theup coming court cases involvingthe travel ban. Slides will beshown, and a question and answerperiod will follow the formal pro¬gram.More Cuban trips are currentlybeing scheduled for this year. Atpresent a trip is planned whichwould leave in February. 200 stu¬dents are expected to participate.Anyone interested in going onthe trip should contact the StudentCommittee for Travel to Cuba,GPO Box #2178, New York, 1,New York.Despres at Coffee PlusLeon M. Despres, alderman ofthe Fifth Ward, which includes theUC area, will speak at Shorey Cof¬fee Plus Monday night. His topicwill be, “Have the Chicago politi¬cal parties hindered the CivilRights movement?”Despres .is an independent whohas consistently fought for civilrights legislation in city council.The program will be at 9 pmin the Shorey lounge, ninth floorPierce Tower.m<\- Call ■I HY 3-8282 -r ■ ■ ■ MR. PIZZA m\ m| U. C.'si favorite11^fin Of It BE WITCHIJST PIZZA 99WONDERINGWHAT TOEAT? CALL:HY 3-8282Broasted ChickenBar B-Q RibsShrimp PerchRavioli SandwichesSpaghettiMostaccioliDelivery Service - 1465 E. Hyde Park Blvd. - Carry-OutsNov. 1, 1963>.1 CHICAGO MAROON • 3V- ‘A? *•' > >.<, & <tl A, cStudent observer comments on Disciplinary Committee(Editor’s note: Mr. Wollan, a fourthyear student in the College, preparedthis report after spending a year asa student-observer on the DisciplinaryCommittee. He served as vice-presi¬dent of last year’s Student Govern¬ment A ssembly.)By Michael WoffanWhen the University undertakesthe task of establishing and en¬forcing rules of social conduct forits students, the group responsiblefor these functions has primarilythree sets of obligations. The firstis to the student, to ensure free¬dom, to pursue intellectual tasksin any direction, and to allow so¬cial activity of any nature thatdoes not interfere with anotherstudent’s activities.The second is to the University,to continue to provide an atmos¬phere in which study and researchare valued and respected, and inwhich fear of ideas or experimen¬tation is absent. The third obliga¬tion is to that greater communitywhich supplies the University withits students and faculty. This ob¬ligation is to provide rules whichencourage the development of ma¬ture individuals worthy of thatcommunity.Unfortunately, these differing ob¬ligations often conflict with oneanother. For example, often themorality that a student adopts vio¬lates the standards of his parentsand local community. Certainly,the student ought to be able tochoose his own set of values. Andat the same time, the University’sposition in society dictates thatit be receptive to the opinions ofat least part of the general public.Public relations, to some extent,must be a legitimate concern of the University. In such a situation,then, the University’s obligationspresent it with a difficult decision.Students thus must learn to rec¬ognize that the making and enforc¬ing of social rules is not a clear-cut case of permitting or denyingthe exercise of social freedom.There is a balancing involved,whether we like it or not, andthis situation will continue as longas the University admits a re¬sponsibility to more than one groupof people.Can this balancing result in theformulation of a rather clear setof principles to be used in estab¬lishing social rules? This is possi¬ble, and it has been attempted,particularly by recent critics ofthe Discipline Committee. Yetthese attempts are likely to ignorea fundamental difficulty: the DChas been unable to define the kindsof problems which call for itsaction.How do you derive rules when itis not clear to what problems thoserules apply? “Student discipline”is still too vague a term to askthe DC for a more specific obliga¬tion to its students than the neces¬sity of maintaining the freedomto pursue our intellectual tasks.Clearly this places supreme con¬fidence in the interpretation of themeaning of this freedom by themembers of the DC. The problemof social rules then involves choos¬ing between emphasis on princi¬ples to guide disciplinary judg¬ment, or emphasis on those whomake the judgments. Perhaps thetwo can be combined. But stu¬dents have got to be aware of thedifficulties of such a task. An equally difficult set of prob¬lems is involved in the adjudica¬tion of violations of rules. TheCurrent disciplinary group, com¬posed of faculty and administra¬tion representatives, is here di¬rectly confronted with the con¬flicts that arise from its differentobligations. While attempting toresolve as many of these conflictsas possible, the DC decides eachcase according to its obligations,and according to the precedentsit has set in previous cases. Never¬theless, each case eventuallymust be decided by the judgementof the individual members. In myown observations of the DC, Iwas impressed in almost everycase with the judgment exercisedby the committee. Indeed, thecommittee usually gave obviousweighting to its responsibility, tothe student before it.I have often heard it said thatthe DC could be made into afairer, more impartial bodythrough the introduction of amore rigid set of procedures, simi¬lar to actual court practices, andby more particular attention to in¬flexible principles of enforcement.But the nature of the DC’s obliga¬tions make this impossible. In fact,even were it possible I think itwould be undesirable. The endresult would be, I fear, more rigidand severe punishments for thosestudents unfortunate enough tohave to appear before it.I am also skeptical of proposalswhich would revise the DC in sucha way as to put students in theposition of judging and convictingfellow students. I think this isCLASSICiS AL RECORDSALE!!SELECT FROM HUNDRE :DS OF TITLES AT HUGE SAVINGSWESTMINST WERIER - *$98SCHWANN LIST ^| BRILLIANT WORKS OF YOUR FAVORITE COMPOSERS |VOX and KAPI - *?69SCHWANN LIST “(zSjS)ARTISTS AND COND UCTORS OF WORLD RENOWN |MONITOR u» - *269SCHWANN LIST <2fof*5)FACTORY FRESH LP S OF THE HIGHEST QUALITY |VOX STEREC - *269SCHWANN LIST ™<2to?*5)Three 12" LP Sets Bea utifully Boxed Including Libretto |VOX BOXES SC99$9.96 ■ ^*1PER SETSCHWANN LIST 312 lpiCOME EARLY - Quantit les Of Individual Titles Are Limited |SALE BEGINSTODAY, NOVEMBER 1. 1963The University of Chicago Bookstore5802 Ellis Avenue really an unfair burden to as(k astudent to assume. Personnally,I would fine it very difficult todecide to suspend another stu¬dent, or even to confine him tohis dormitory for every eveningduring a month. Faculty and ad¬ministration members are in amuch better position to assumethe responsibility of making andenforcing social rules.However, I think it is highly de¬sirable that students be aware ofthe practices of the DC, of theproblems it faces, and that theyhave the opportunity to help findsolutions to the dilemmas of thecommittee. In practice, having ob¬servers present at DC meetingsaccomplishes these desired aims.The members are more than will¬ing to allow student observers tocomment at will, and to disagreewith any stand the committeetakes. I think, therefore, that thispractice ought to be continued.Furthermore, the observers shouldmake more frequent reports to theStudent Government and the Ma¬roon than I did as an observer.Changes in the structure of theDC are not, I am afraid, going tomake the committee any morejust, or less willing to impose aset of social rules on the studentbody. Because of its peculiar po¬sition as an extra-legal body, and because of tlie conflicting obliga¬tions I have mentioned, the struc¬ture of the committee is trivialcompared with the necessity ofhaving wise and understandingpeople sitting on the committee.Clearly there ought to be a wayfor students to be assured that the“judges” shall continue to be ascompetent as those currently com¬posing the committee. Thus, Iwould propose that in the future,members be appointed in the fol¬lowing manner: let the StudentGovernment propose a list to thefaculty and administration of twen¬ty possible selections. The facultyand administration would thenchoose from this list the membersfor one year.1 think this would satisfy thosestudents who fear the arbitraryaspects of the committee, and itwould leave the enforcement andestablishment of social rules whereI think it ought to be: out of thehands of students. The students,given the responsibilities in thisproposal, would, I am confident,perform their task in a matureway. Their choices can be ex¬pected to be in complete accordwith the words of Sir ThomasNoon Talfourd: “Fill the seats ofjustice with good men, not so ab¬solute in goodness as to forgetwhat human frailty is.”Folklore Society will meetto discuss library plansA meeting to discuss plans fora record and tape library to besponsored by the Folklore Societywill be held at 4 pm today in IdaNoyes hall.The library will include tapes ofthe University of Chicago FolkFestivals, all other concerts givenby the folklore society, and tapesof many folksong records.The tapes of records will beavailable for loan, and the originaltapes will be available for listen¬ing in the folklore society office.The folklore society, one of the largest student organizations oncampus, sponsors Sunday nightfolk dancing in Ida Noyes hall,occasional concerts and informal“wing-ding” and a three day folkfestival during the winter quarter.At today’s meeting, the contentsand operating procedures for thelibrary will be discussed. After thebusiness meeting, a tape of a re¬cent Jesse Fuller concert will beplayed.Anyone interested in helpingwith the library who is unable toattend the meeting should call!Danny Auerbach at BU 8-0489. {“Probably no American canunderstand the Asiatic conceptof ‘face.’ This is perhaps fortu¬nate. In view of how much‘face’ the U.S. has lost in theOrient, wo would have to burnWashington to recover it.”Clare Boothe Luce, writing inFor the current litunof NATIONAL REVIEW,write to Dept. C-P3,150 E. 35 St., New York16, N.Y., for a free copy. ILLUMINATEDVIEWING POINTERRegularly $9.95. Now $6.95This is in addition to the othervalues in photographic items.One area of projection can beilluminated for greater concen¬tration by^this electrical pointer.Ask for a demonstration.The University ofChicago Bookstore5802 Ellis Avenuethe current is¬sue of Nation¬al Review.DR. A. ZIMBLER. OptometristIN THENEW HYDE PARK SHOPPING CENTER1510 E. 55th St.DO 3-7644 - DO 3-6866EYE EXAMINATIONSPRESCRIPTIONS FILLED CONTACT LENSESNEWEST STYLING IN FRAMESSTUDENT & FACULTY DISCOUNTshore drive motel —FACING LAKE MICHIGANSpecial University of Chicago Rates. Beautiful Rooms,Free TV, Parking, Courtesy Coffee.Closest Motel to Univ. of Chicago and Museum of Science & Industry.FOR INFORMATION OR RESERVATIONSWRITE OR CALL Ml 3-2300SHORE DRIVE MOTEL56th St. & So. Shore Dr. • Chicago 37, IllinoisHEY PAISAN!Cheese Smoll Medium1.752.00 Lorgd2 75Sausage 1.25 3 00Green Pepper .. 1.25 2.00 3.00Anchovies 2.00 3 00Mushroom 2.25 3 25PeperoniShrimp 2.252.25 3.253.25ITALIAN FIESTA PIZZERIA1923 E. 71st ST.DELIVERY HOURS: Sun. - Thurs. Until 1 A M. — M. ond Sot. Until 3 AM.TELEPHONE NO.: MU 4-3262. MU 4-1014$.25 Service Charge on All OrdersSPECIAL PRICE ON ALL PARTY ORDERS4 * CHICAGO MAR 0**ON ‘tfev. :VT**3Two schools aid drive for voters Black: Chicago in conflictNEW HAVEN, Conn.(CPS) — The campaign ofYale students to registerNegro voters in Mississippiin a mock election designed to em¬phasize the denial o£ voting rightsto Negroes is moving into its sec¬ond week.But as they intensify their driveto bring 200,000 Negroes to pollbooths which will be set up inchurches, stores and assemblyhalls throughout the state, the 45Yale students who will work inMississippi this week are beingseverely limited by a lack of fundsThe students invited by the Committee to Elect Aaron Henry Governor, which consists of the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), the Congress ofRacial Equality (CORE), theNAACP, the Southern ChristianLeadership Conference (SCLC) un¬der the name of Mississippi Coun¬cil of Federated Organizations(COFO), canvassed door to doorin Negro sections of Jackson, Miss,and Meridian last week.The students distributed copiesof a labor and civil rights orientedpajier that is mainly sold to Ne¬groes—the Mississippi Free Press—and asked Negroes to come outand vote for Aaron Henry, Negropharmacist and candidate for gov¬ernor.Money Is needed, however, tofinance Dr. Henry’s appearance onlocal television and radio, to payfor printing of campaign postersami to augment the salary of SNCCworkers, presently receiving $10 aweek. A fund raising group of stu¬dents at Yale, called Yale In Mis¬sissippi. has been organized andwill canvass undergrads this week,but outside support is needed.Checks may be made out to Cam¬paign for Aaron Henry and sentto Yale In Mississippi, e/o DavidKirkpatrick, 1159 Yale Station,New Haven, Conn.The 19 Yale students who re¬turned this weekend after 4 days inMississippi report that much or¬ganization is still needed beforemost cities can be canvassed toeffectively encourage Negro voting.They state that SNCC will be ableto put the 45 who will arrive onMonday or Tuesday to work divid¬ing the cities into voting precinctsand visiting Negroes at mass meet¬ings and in their homes. SNCC andthe Yale students are hoping fornational publicity to dramatize thescope of voting denials in Missis¬sippi. Joseph I. Lieberman, chairmanof the Yale Daily News, who leftSaturday to work in Mississippi,wrote in an editorial which will ap¬pear tomorrow “A significant votefor Aaron Henry will demonstratethat Negroes in Mississippi wouldvote if they could and it can add anew dynamism to the Negro move¬ment in Mississippi by giving Ne¬groes there a sense of commonpurpose, a glimpse of potentialstatewide strength they have.”The Stanford University campushas rallied to the cause of the Free¬dom Vote in Mississippi and to aidthe Yale students and SNCC work¬ers who have been harrassed by theMississippi police according toIlene Strelitz, editor of the Stan¬ford Daily.Miss Strelitz said that the cam¬pus was almost aglow with thehubub of activity to raise money toaid the Campaign to Elect AaronHenry Governor. Last might, ac¬cording to Miss Strelitz, four per¬sons raised over $1000 to help inthe Freedom Vote.There had been plans to send asmany people to Mississippi as poss¬ible, but these plans have beencancelled, according to Miss Stre¬litz, “because conditions there areimpossible.”Miss Strelitz has been in con¬stant contact with Allard Lowen-stien, one of the leaders in theFreedom Vote. She said that hetold her tonight not to send anypeople to Mississippi unless theywere willing to spend a year or asummer or to commute back andforth to Mississippi.Lowenstien told her that the po¬lice chief in Hattiesburg, Miss,said that any white interference orwhite agitators that come to histown will be arrested and fined $500and sentenced to six months in jail.“It is incredible to think that thiscould happen in an American city,”Miss Strelitz said. “We plan to doeverything we possibly can to raisemoney to help these people in theirFreedom Vote. Every dorm andresidemce hall here at Stanford willbe canvassed for money. We raisedover $1000 last night with only fourpeople, I am amazed to think ofwhat we will be able to do tonight.”Miss Strelitz said that'she hadbeen informed that the police inMississippi were arresting peoplealmost indiscriminantly on all sortsof charges. She said that one stu¬dent had been arrested for illegalparking when a number of carswere parked in the same area.When he* challanged the officer forNEW FACULTY PUBLICATIONSMircea Eliade: Myth and Reality $4.95Clifford Geertz: Agricultural Involution $4.00The University of Chicago Bookstore5802 Ellis Avenue10% discount to students with ID cardsSales and Serviceon all hi-fi equip¬ment, foreign anddomestic.TAPE RECORDERSPhono Needles and CartridgesTubes - Batteriesro~TV~i>24 hr. Service Calls’SS? *300AMERICAN RADIO ANDTELEVISION LABORATORY•tt. 19291300 E. 53rdI. *» Sfc-d-Kimfcar* M Ml 3-9111 a warrant to search his car, theofficer arrested him for interferingwith the performance of an officerof the law.“Students at Stanford are behindwhat the Yale students and theothers are trying to do in Missis¬sippi,” Miss Strelitz concluded. “Weneed every bit of publicity for theseinjustices that can be mustered.”Gets Lang prizeProfessor Bernard Weinberg,chairman of the department ofRomance languages and literatureat UC, has been awarded the Uni¬versity Press’ $1,000 Gordon Jen¬nings Laing prize.The prize was created last yearto honor “the faculty author whosebook, published within two years,has added the greatest distinctionto the Press list.”Weinberg received the award forhis two-volume study, “History ofLiterary Criticism in the ItalianRenaissance.” He is also the authorof a number of other books onFrench and Italian literature. TheUC press is to publish his newestbook, “The Art of Jean Racine”this fall.NC bill causes a stirChicago is a city in con¬flict, divided between theimpatient Negroes who willnot settle for their formerinferior position, and the conserva¬tive whites, who are unwilling togrant the Negro a higher status,according to Timuel Black, Chicagochairman of the August 28 CivilRights March on Washington andfourth ward area chairman of theIndependent Voters of Illinois(IVI).The result will be a year of crisisand decision for the city, saidBlack, in a speech to a meetingof the Central Hyde Park IVI heldthis Wednesday evening.Black spoke of the “tight” posi¬tion in which Mayor Daley andother city officials find themselves.No matter what their personalviews may be, they are forced toact for political expediency inorder to curry favor with voters.In this case, they must reducetension no matter who benefits.It presently appears that the bestway to do this is to slow down theNegro movement, Black said.The General Assembly ofNorth Carolina passed a billrecently regulating visitingspeakers at state-supportedcolleges and universities.The act makes it unlawful formembers of the Communist Party,those who advocate the over¬throw of the United States Consti¬tution or of the State' of NorthCarolina, or those who havepleaded the Fifth Amendment inregard to Communist and subver¬sive activities to speak at anystate supported school.Several privately - endowedschools have spoken out againstthe bill as “the first blow towardhalting the free and uninhibiteddiscussion of ideas on the cam¬puses of North Carolina’s greatuniversities.”The first school to be affected by this bill was the University of NorthCarolina. The National ResearchCouncil of the National Academy ofSciences is currently sponsoring atour by the director of the Labora¬tory of Plasticity in the Instituteof Machanics of the Academy ofSciences of the Soviet SocialistRepublics. The director, Mr. So¬kolovskiy, spoke at Duke Univer¬sity, a private school, but was notallowed to speak at North Carolinaalthough it has a large engineeringschool.The Faculty Council of WakeForest College, Chapel Hill, NorthCarolina, presented a resolutionexpressing their concern regard¬ing the bill.One of the faculty membersmade a proposal that would au¬thorize the committee to “requestdiscussion with the University Ad¬ministration, and statements frommembers of the Faculty. Black, a teacher at Hyde ParkHigh school, found among Negrostudents many opinions of Free¬dom Day. One group, specificallyat a junior college in Englewood,was completely ignorant andapathetic to the event. When theirprofessor announced that no atten¬dance would be taken on October22, none even understood why.Many others attending integratedhigh schools—five per cent trans¬fer student—felt that they couldnot participate for fear of jeopar¬dizing their privileged status.Black found that by far the largestnumber, however, had becomeaware of the event and were inter¬ested in it, although they had beenapathetic only a few years ago.Even the “middle class Negro,”normally very conservative andcautious, actively participated inFreedom Day, Black stated. “Fouror five prominent leaders spokeout over television and radio inwhat, for them, were very strongterms.This emotion in the mass of theNegro community, he concluded,must be tapped by the forces ofmoderation before radical andinternational groups like theBlack Muslims move in. IVI, withits unique position as an indepen¬dent liberal political organization,could act a sa bridge between thewhite and Negro communities andhelp to reduce tension.-3 ? i^eur (Contact cJL tnseiby Dr. Kurt RosenbaumOptometrist1200 East 53rd St. HY 3-8372m.... 53-Kimbark PlataNICKY’SRESTAURANT AND PIZZA1208 East 53rd Street53-Kimbark PlazaNICKY'S TAKE-OUT & DELIVERY MENUPIZZASAssortments small medium largeCHEESE 1.20 1.90 2.90SAUSAGE 1.40 2.15 3.25ANCHOVIE 1.40 2.15 3.25ONION 1.25 1.95 3.00PEPPER 1.40 2.15 3.25MUSHROOM . 1.60 2.40 3.50BACON 1.40 2.15 3.25HAM 1.60 2.40 3.50SPAGHETTI WITH MEAT SAUCE 90SPAGHETTI with Meat Bails or Sausage .... .... 1.20MOSTACCIOLI 95MOSTACCIOLI with Meat Balls or Sausage 1.25CHICKEN CACCIATORE - Salad .... 1.80SHRIMP DINNER.Salad, Potatoes & Buttered Bread .... 1.50SHRIMP Vi LB. .1.25 1 LB .... 2.25BAKED LASAGNE with Meat Balls or Sausage 1.55RIB TIPS SMALL . 1.35 LARGE .... .... 2.25SERVING FREE — $2.00 PIZZA — FREENEHI Save 15 Cards and Eat a $2.00Royal Crown Pizza "On the House" CardsBeverages Given with Each Order.PHONE: FAirfax 4-5340Open Seven Days a Week — Hours 8:00 A.M. to2:00 A.M. SufMiays 12:00 Noon to 2:00 A.M. CHICKIE IN THE BOX10 Large Pieces 2.5016 Large Pieces 3.7520 Large Pieces 4.75SANDWICHESPlain or BAR B<? Beef 60Meat Ball 55SAUSAGE 55Above Served with PeppersHAMBURGER 50CHEESEBURGER 60CORNED BEEF 70BAKED HAM 65Plus Many OthersRIBS1 Slab 2.002 Slabs 3.753 Slabs 5.50Nor. 1, HU • CHICAGO RAIOON aEDITORIALStudents must recognizeroles in ‘outside world’One of the worst aspectsof life in a University com¬munity is the ease with whichstudents may “get lost” inscholarly endeavors and ig¬nore the outside world.Our University is “free”and “secure”—so much sothat we often forget that theworld is not. We live a terri¬bly sheltered life and areoften prone to neglect socialresponsibilities.Too many students fail torealize that children in Wood-lawn are being poorly edu¬cated, that mental patients inlocal hospitals are not re¬ceiving proper care and atten¬tion, and that millions ofAmerican citizens all acrossthe country are constantlydeprived of their civil rightsand civil liberties.It may be argued that weare members of an academiccommunity dedicated to thepursuit of knowledge. Allactivities, therefore, which donot contribute directly to myintellectual growth should beminimized. Without consider¬ing the educational aspects ofsocial involvement, let it suf¬fice to say that any studentwho does not plan to utilizethe knowledge and skills ob¬tained in college to improvesociety is not worthy of theeducation he’s receiving.Other students may objectthat they “don’t have time”—their studies are so time-consuming that such activi¬ties are impossible. Thesestudents, for the most part,are either wholly unrealisticor outright liars. Very fewstudents have so many aca¬ demic responsibilities thatthey absolutely cannot sparetwo hours per week to tutor.If one is really concernedabout a problem and con¬vinced that something shouldbe done about it, he will findtime to do something aboutit.The roles of the student asstudent and the student ascitizen are intimately bound;any attempt to separate themis unnatural. The truly goodstudent realizes the necessityof social involvement.Chicago MaroonEditorinChief John T. WilliamsBusiness Manager Stephen H. KleinExecutive News EditorSusan J. GoldbergCampus News Editor David L. AikenNational News Editor, Robert F. LeveyCulture-Feature Editor Sharon GoldmanEditor, Chicago Literary ReviewMarc CoganEducation Editor Tom HeagyRewrite Editor Deirdre HollowayEditorial CartoonistGeorge Elexander PopePhoto Coordinator Bill CaffreyEditor Emeritus Laura GodofskyExecutive SecretaryMarvella AltheimerAssistant Business ManagerAndrew SteinAccount Rep's Sherman D. Fogel,William Crawford, Jr.Circulation Mgr. William BennettSpecial Projects DivisionRobert JaffeMedia PromotionRichard D. RosenbergStaff Artist Robert GriessStaff: Robbin Kauman. Joan Phillips,Ellis Levin, Rick Pollack, DickAtlee, Paul Aaronson, PaulGreenberg, Diana Friedman.Dan Barshay, Howard Green-wald, Mike Klowden, MarenGreeley, Terry Abels, Steve Ege,Ken Cohen, John Hinds.Issued free of charge on the Quad¬rangles every Tuesday and Fridayduring the academic year by studentsof the University of Chicago. Addresscorrespondence to: Chicago Maroon,1212 E 59 Street, Chicago 37, Illinois.Telephone: MI 3-0800, exts., 3265. 3266,3269. Printed at West Side Press, Chi¬cago, Subscription by mail is $5 peryear.CLASSIFIED ADSFOR SALE’59 MGA engine overhauled 10,000carb's. 500, clutch and trans. excellent.Body needs work". Call 363-0085 eves.1960 FALCON. Auto. Trans., radio &heater. Excel, cond. $675. NO 7-3609.CARMENS Used Furn. Buy & Sell.Also moving and light hauling. 6811Stony Island. MU 4-8843.ZENITH FM-AM radio for sale. Hasbeen cuddled and fondled for only oneyear. $130 new, $80 or best offer. CallLee, 3308 East House.1959 RENAULT, good cond., $200. DI8-4083.PERSONALSDID YOU KNOW Ralph Wood now hasbis office in the Hyde Park BankBuilding SUN LIFE ASSURANCE CO.OF CANADA, FA 4-6800. FOR RENT, APTS., ROOMS, ETC.6 RM. deluxe beautifully furn. 1st floorapt. 2 baths, many conveniences. RE4-8588. Reas.HELP WANTEDCOLLEGE law student for various du¬ties on part time basis for young,active credit and collection company.Must be aggressive, resourceful andhave own car. Hours to fit schedule.Call Mr. Vanden Bergh, 544-6700. BellWood, 111.LOOKING for American man whospeaks some Chinese as companion ofChinese elderly schollar. 6 to 8 hrs. aweek. Call MI 3-9428 from 4 to 6 pm. GNOSIS memberTO THE EDITOR:I wish to comment on Tuesday’seditorial, as an individual; andsecondarily as a member ofGnosis. 1 maintain (neither) thatthe distinction, “off-campus issues”vs. "those which bear directly onour academic community” isclearly understood, nor "that allparty members do adhere to it.”The vote on Viet Nam and thetest ban will prove, I think, thatmost party members do adhere toit.None of the business transactedby SG to date this year is ob¬viously off-campus. As the Marooneditor noted, the distinction is notclearly understood, or more ac¬curately, is a difficult distinctionto draw, ie, necessarily a matterof opinion. Thus thru SWAP andthe fact that with better educationof Negroes in Chicago, future stu¬dent bodies will contain more Ne¬groes, a rather tenuous relation¬ship is established; my decision isthat this (the Willis issue) doesapply to U. of C. students, butjust barely.The Maroon editorial states that“the ‘student as students’ plankin last year’s platform representeda rather strong reaction to lastyear’s uproar over Cuba.” I dis¬agree. It may be true that theelection of the party with thisplatform does represent that reac¬tion; and I would like to see this question included in the nextopinion poll of the whole studentbody. However, the plank itselfwas due to a large group of stu¬dents believing that the situationshould be prevented in which SGhas the power to make pronounce¬ments about off-campus issueswhich inevitably are taken by thepublic to represent the majority ofU. of C. students; because, depend¬ing on the composition of SG,these majority opinions have oftenrepresented only, a minority of thestudent body, particularly withreference to graduate students.The alternative is for SG to con¬cern itself with the many issueswhere its function or voice is nec¬essary, and for pronouncements onoff-campus issues to be made onlyon the basis of opinion polls.FRANK RICHARDSSG RepresentativePhysical ScienceAuthor clarifies GadflyTO THE EDITOR:The reader of my article in the“Gadfly” column of last Tuesdaymay have had difficulty with thepassage where I accuse WilliamF. Buckley of “political Agnosti¬cism” implying that he is guiltyof a metaphorical political “her¬esy” of the same name. That isa typographical error and in nosense conveys the intended mean¬ing. I meant rather to have it said that Buckley’s error is theGNOSTIC one.Professor Robert M. Grant’s de¬scription and my underlining maybe helpful at this point. “This isthe doctrine . . . that the worldis bad; it is under the control ofevil or ignorance or nothingness.It cannot be redeemed; indeed, forsome Gnostics the world is theequivalent of hell. Only the divinespark, which somehow is impris¬oned in some men, is capable ofsalvation. It is saved when, by di¬vine grace, it comes to know it¬self, its origin, and its destiny.”This doctrine was vigorously at¬tacked by the early Church Fa¬thers and came to be known asthe Gnostic Heresy.Of course I did not mean thatphrase to be taken literally thoughI an not hereby convinced thatBuckley’s rhetoric which seems topretend to have the means as wellas the ends of political and socialunderstanding is any the less "pro¬foundly wrong.”DAVID LEEAsks for more seatsTO THE EDITOR: —I am tired of standing up. Thepast three lecture events I haveattended have been in rooms gross¬ly inadequate for the number ofpeople attending.I would like to know who is re¬sponsible for assigning these roomsand also why such continual in¬competence is allowed.JEAN STABELLOF EVENTSFriday, November 1Services: All Saints Day—Reforma¬tion Lutheran Communion. Dr. MartinE. Marty, preacher; Bond Chapel,11:30 pm.Lecture: “Interaction of Proteins andModel Compounds with Urea Guanidi-nium, and Salt Solutions,” Mr. Jencks,dept, of biochemistry; Abbot 101,12:30 pm.Seminar: “Polypeptide Synthesis inE. coli,” Walter Gilbert, dept, ofphysics. Harvard; 5640 Ellis Ave.,room 480, 4 pm.Meeting: Folklore Society to discusssetting up- a record and tape library;Ida Noyes, 4 pm.Koinonia: “The New Religion inRussia vs. the Old," Sylvia Woodtoy;Chapel house, 7:15 pm.Debate: “Women in College.” UCForensic Assoc., Ida Noyes, 7:30 pm.Motion Picture Series: A Bevy ofBeauties IV: "Ninotehka,” SocialScience 122. 7:15 and 9:15 pm.Riding Club: Advanced EquitationLesson, $3, Maxine Rose, instructor:Hyde Park Stables. 7:45 pm.Motion Picture: “Loss of Innocense,”Burton-Judson Courts, 8 and 10 pm.Travelogue: “Canada and Alaska,”refreshments. International HouseHome Room, Students 50c, guests $1,8:15 pm.Lecture: "A Second Look: ShavvosGoy and Sunday Jew,” Gerhard E. O.Meyer, dept. of economics; 5715Woodlawn Ave. 8:30 pm.Saturday, L'ovembzir 2Radio Series: “The Sacred Note,”WBBM, 780 kc. A program of sacredchoral music by the Rockefeller ChanelChoir, Richard Vikstrom, dir. of chapelmusic, conducting; 10 pm.Rugby Football Tournament: U ofIndiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, partici¬pating; no admission; Stagg Field,1 pm. Meeting: WUCB engineers and an¬nouncers; 2 pm.Party: “The Unohangeables,”straight from the roaring 20's, icecream marathon, door prizes: IdaNoyes Hall, 8-12 pm, admission, 50c.Sunday, November 3Radio Series: “THE WORLD OFTHE PAPERBACK,” WFMF, 100 3kc.. Book Review by Edward W.Rosenheim, Jr., Professor, Departmentof English, with Mr. Miller, host,10:15 am.Radio Series: “FROM THE MID¬WAY.” WFMF. “Civil Rights and theNegro Revolution,” William F. Buck-ley, editor. National Review. 11 am.Cross-County Meet: Washington Park.Track Club Four Mile Open Run. 3 pm.Carillon Recital: Rockefeller Memo¬rial Chapel. Mr. Robins; 4 pm.Radio Series: “FROM THE MID¬WAY.” WAIT, “The Role of TradeUnions in American Society,” AlbertRees, Professor and Chairman, De¬partment of Economics; 4:30 pm.Exhibition: Paintings and drawingsby John Flynn, modern artist; Lex¬ington Gallery; reception frbm 3-6 pm.Radio Series: “The World Of ThePaperback,” WAIT, Ralph J. Mills,Assistant Professor, Committee on So¬cial Thought, with James Miller, Pro¬fessor, Department of English, host;6:45 pm.Folk Dancing: Folklore Society,Cloister Club; 7:30 pm.Discussion: “STUDENT VISITORSTO CUBA.” Mandel Hall. $50: 8 pm.Radio Series: “FAITH OF OURFATHERS,” WGN, 720 kc.. The Rev¬erend Bernard E. Meland, Professorof Constructive Theology, DivinitySchool; 8:30 pm.Seminar: "EXCURSIONS INTO THEBIBLE,” A study of passages from theBible and its Rabbinic comentaries ledby Rabbi Jacob J. Weinstein andRabbi Daniel Friedman. K.A.M. Tem¬ple; 10:30 pm. Monday, November 4Film: The Indian Civilization Coursewill present a program of films on“Sacred India,” Rosenwald 2; 7:30 pm.Seminar: “ASPECTS OF CLASSI-CAL JEWISH THOUGHT—THE EX¬ILE: JUDAH HALEVI," Dr. MonfordHarris, College of Jewish Studies,Hillel Foundation; 7 pm.Speech: Leon Despres, 5th ward Al¬derman, “Do Chicago Political ParliesHamper The Civil Rights Movement?”Shorey House, ninth floor PierceTower; 9 pm.Polit Caucus: Ida Noyes Library;7:30 pm.Speech: Dr. Roger Pilkington, 1962-1963 Chairman of the London Theologi¬cal Society, will address the ChicagoTheological Seminary; 9 pm.Reception at galleryLex in*? ion Studio gallery, 5835South University Avenue, willopen with a reception Sunday,November 3, from 3-6 pm. Parti-cipants will be Lawrence, WallaceBeery, D. T. Suzuki, Mike Kre-vitch, Lowell Thomas, Bill Mas-sover, Mae West, Ponny Ambrose,Mike Tresh, Greta Garbo, "Zeke”Benora, Helen Harris Perleman,Midrid Reid, Moma Yancey, Vail& Kuntz, Mrs. Glass, Irwin Heifer, 1Bill Deitrich, Pierre Mendez- <France, Sonny Dixon, Edith Ger-son-Kiwi, Bob Porterfield, DonaldCrisp, Baruch Pelc, Nen Maynard,and John Flynn.FLY TWA. Campus representative isMichael Lavinsky. 745 Linn House, MI3-6000.LEARN to read poetry aloud, callJeanie Wishard for info. 363-5060 eves.ALAN; Guy Fawkes returns Saturday.PKP. . . .EXP typist—term papers, etc. Reas.Call HY 3-2438.? students endorsedfor Rhodes grantsFour UC students have been en¬dorsed by a faculty committee forRhodes Scholarships. Dean of Un¬dergraduate Student George Playesaid that he had no knowledge ofUC ever nominating more RhodesScholars.Tlie committee, which is com¬posed of members of the UC fac¬ulty, chose: Frederick Meins,Bruce Rappaport, Kenneth Taylorand Edmund Kitch.Final decisions on all Rhodesapplicants will not be made untilaround Christmas or shortly be¬fore, according to Playe. Career officeCareers are available with theNational Security Agency. Men andwomen who have received bache¬lor degrees in any major by Au¬gust 1964 are eligible. Applicantsmust be US citizens.Annual salaries are $5,795 forholders of bachelor degrees, $5,795to $7,030 for masters holders; and$7,030 to $8,410 for doctors.The location of work is FortMeade, Maryland, halfway be¬tween Washington, EXT, and Balti¬more.Applicants must pass the profes¬sional qualification test which willbe administered at UC on Decem¬ber 7, 1963. Arrangements for tak¬ing the test must be made beforeNovember 22, 1963.Applications and further infor¬mation may be obtained fromLowell S. Calvin in the Office ofCareer Counseling and Placement,Reynolds Club 14, room 200.Make interview appointmentsRepresentatives of the followingorganizations will conduct recruit¬ing interviews at the Office of announces jobCareer Counseling and Placementduring the week of November 4.Unless specifically indicated theseinterviews are open to studentswho will be available to acceptfull-time employment between nowand September 1964. Informationdescribing these organizations andthe positions for which they arerecruiting is available for reviewin the Placement Office. Interviewappointments may be arrangedthrough Mr. Calvin, Room 200,Reynolds Club, extension 3284.November 5—General Atomic Divi¬sion of General Dynamics, San Diego,California—S.M. and Ph.D. candidatesin chemistry, mathematics, physics,and statistics.November 6—International BusinessMachines Corporation, New York State—S.B. and S.M. candidates in mathe¬matics, physics, and statistics.November 7—Center for Naval Anal¬ysis (Franklin Institute), Washington,D C. and Cambrdige, Massachusetts—S.M. and Ph.D. candidates in mathe¬matics, physics, and statistics; S. M.and Ph.D. candidates in physicalchemistry. Summer employment forstudents in above disciplines at theS.M. level or above.November 7—Celanese Corporation,New Jersey, Southeast, and Southwest—chemists, mathematicians, physicists,and statisticians at all degree levels.Summer employment for graduate stu- opportuntiesdents in above disciplines.November 8—Hughes Aircraft Com¬pany. Los Angeles, California—S.M.and Ph D. candidates in mathematics,physics, and statistics.November 8—Wyeth Laboratories,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania—S.M. andPhD. chemists (analytical, organic,physical); S.M. and Ph.D. candidatesin biochemistry.NSA regionalThe Illinois-Wi scons in region ofthe National Student Association(NSA) will hold its autumn con¬gress at UC on November 8 and 9.On Friday evening, at the open¬ing session, the Student Non-Vio¬lent Coordinating Committee willpresent a program including amovie and a discussion. Seminarswill be held on Saturday morningand afternoon dealing with suchtopics as civil rights action, cam¬pus international programing, andcampus action in general.All students interested in attend¬ing the congress either as observ¬ers or as part of the UC delegationshould leave their names with Eu¬gene Groves, NSA Coordinator, atthe Student Government office, The Woodlawn Tutoring Projectneeds advisors for eiementoryschool science fair projects, pionoplayers for modern dance classes,and many remedial tutors. Inter¬ested students please call P»mProcunior, ext. 3273.next weeksecond floor of Ida Noyes, hyTuesday, November 5. Registra¬tion fee for the congress is $2.Hillel program tonight“Shabbes Goy and Sunday Jew—A Second Look” will be the subjectof tonight’s Hillel Fireside pro-gram. Gerhard Meyer, associateprofessor of economics and soc»alsciences, will discuss some of hi®reflections on “Jewish, Christian*and other Gentile relations.”Meyer first discussed this subjectin a Hillel Fireside in 1958, in aprogram which has become a Hillelclassic. The Hillel Fireside beginsat 8:30 pm, following services.6 • CHICAGO MAROON • Nov. 1, 1963NSF grants to 4 UC scientistsby Ellen IsaacsFour UC scientists havereceived grants from theNational Science Foundation(NSF) to supplement the re¬search they have been doing un¬der NSF sponsorship for severalyears.Included are Ole J. Kleppa. pro¬fessor in the department of chem-jstry and in the Institute lor theStudy of Metals; Tetsuya Fujita,associate professor of geophysicalsciences; Alfred L. Putnam, pro-lessor of mathematics in the Col¬lege; and Robert N. Clhyton, as¬sistant professor in the departmentof chemistry and in the EnricoFermi Institute.Kleppa has received $61,600 forthe investigation over a two-yearperiod of the “thermodynamici roperties of fused salt systems.”He describes the research as im¬portant for “the elucidation ofbasic factors which govern solu¬tion behavior of fused salt sys¬tems, a class of solutions whichhas become of interest lately froma fundamental point of view.”For four years he has been in-voived in calorimetrically measur¬ing the energy changes associatedwith the formation of fused saltmixtures. Measurements at lowtemperatures provided a guide forthose in newly developed calori¬meters which operate at up toMHt* C. Part of the grant will belived to develop even better equip¬ment which can reach up to1 UHI° C.Fujita, who has long worked with Tiros Weather satellites hasreceived a new $20,000 one-yeargrant covering US-Japanese co¬operation in mapping cloud pat¬terns over the Pacific. The Japa¬nese will install cameras in theircommercial planes, and the re¬sults will be compared with pic¬tures taken from the satellites atan altitude of 600 to 700 miles.Fujita explained that these pho¬tographs are used to study therelation of cloud formations tometeorological disturbances, andthey will eventually be used in dailyweather forecasting. During theday conventional photography isuseful but at night cloud heightsand densities are measured by in¬frared radiation. Radiation, hesaid is less where there is a cloudcover and is cooler as the cloudsare higher.Dr. Putnam, in association withIzaak Wirszup, associate professorof mathematics in the College, hasreceived a $6,400 supplement tohis grant for the “Survey of Re¬cent East European Literature inElementary, Secondary, and Col¬lege Mathematics.” The mainpurpose of the project is to makeavailable information on Russianand other East European litera¬ture that is of interest to Americanteachers, students, and mathemati¬cians.The Russians emphasize mathe¬matics very heavily in all gradesand provide much extracurricularmaterial for superior studentsfrom the fifth grade on Putnamsaid. For teacher training peda¬ gogical institutes, ' high-quality lit¬erature has been produced con¬cerning both mathematics itselfand methods of teaching it. Put¬man's survey is interested in thecontent, presentation, and organi¬zation of their programs in math¬ematics education at variouslevels.The intention is not to pressureany educational system into adopt¬ing Russian methods or materials,but to make available some “out¬standing literature in translatedand adapted form.”The fourth recipient, Clayton,has been given $128,000 to continuehis study of the conditions of tem¬perature and pressure under whichrocks are formed. This tempera¬ture has been found to be relatedto the equilibrium constant for thedistribution of the stable isotopesof oxygen 0-16 and 0-18 in thevarious minerals common inrocks.This ratio must be measured bysynthesizing minerals at differenttemperatures, which has so farbeen done for quartz, calcite, andmagnetite.Clayton hopes to find a real orsemi-empirical theory to predictfurther measurements whichshould ideally include about twen¬ty minerals. Thus measurementsare now being made on simplestructures in order to gain deepertheoretical understanding of therelationships involved. On actualminerals, he stated, measurementsat a single temperature now taketwo to four weeks. Release finance figuresin comptroller's report“The current income andexpenditures of the Univer¬sity, which do not includetransactions of capital orspecial funds, were the largest inthe history of the University,” ac¬cording to the recent report ofComptroller Donald L. Cartland.The annual UC’s comptroller’sreport, covering the seventy-thirdfiscal year of University opera¬tions, was submitted this week tothe Board of Trustees. It coversthe fiscal year ended June 30,1963, and contains information oncurrent operations, gifts, grants,and bequests, endownments, andtotal student aid.According to the report, totaluniversity income lor the past fis¬cal year amounted to $150,295,031.This figure includes the incomesof the Argonne National Labora¬tory and two other US Governmentprojects managed by the Univer¬sity. In contrast to the incomefigure, the total expenditures forthe same period amounted to $150,084,622. The difference be¬tween the two figures is $210,409.Gifts, grants, and bequests, thereport stated, totalled $17,037,023.Of this, charitable institutions ac¬counted for 42.8 per cent, businesscorporations accounted for 7.2 percent, individual gifts; 12.0 percent, and bequests, 35.6 per cent.University endowment fund in¬vestments had a market value of$252,303,092 on June 30, the reportcontinued. This represented an in¬crease over the preceding year of$92,866,914, or 58.2 per cent.Finally, student aid in the formof fellowships, scholarships, andgrants-in-aid rose to $5,421,933during the past year, an increaseof $1,250,718. Loans and deferredtuition also increased $302,012over the year before.The balance sheet at the end ofthe report indicated that UC hada total of $333,378,549 available forall operations during the year.This figure represented an in¬crease of $14,408,020 over the pre¬ceding year.Set science open houseyour THE RIGHT PLACE IS WRIGHTfor bothLAUNDRY - DRY CLEANING1 DAY SERVICE!EXPERTLY DONE!PICKUP and DELIVERY!Come in or Call Ml 3-2073WRIGHTLAUNDRY & CLEANERS1315 E. 57th St.SERVING HYDE PARK SINCE 1900tsrrr Students are invited to a ScienceOpen House hosted by the Insti¬tutes for Basic Research on Satur¬day, November 23.On that day visitors •will beoffered a panoramic view of thescientific research done by organi¬zations associated with UC at themost currently used instrumentsand measuring devices.The opening session of the pro¬gram begins at 1 pm and includesa welcome by President Beadleand a speech entitled “A Geo¬physicist Looks at the Earth’s In¬terior” given by John C. Jamieson, Associate Professor in the Depart¬ment of Geophysical Sciences.The morning session will be fol¬lowed by demonstrations and lec¬tures prepared by the EnricoFermi Institute for Nuclear Studies,Institute for the Study of Metals,Institute for Computer Research,and the Committee on Biophysics.The Research Institutes wereorganized in 1945 as outgrowths ofatomic-energy work under the lateEnrico Fermi during World War II.Admission to the events is byticket only, distributed on a firstcome, first served basisG/M'sITI8HIRTMAKERSOxford BlazeColorful equipment for Fall and Winter week-ends —this rich, burnt-orange Gant button-down oxford.Its mellow colored striping gives it elanin a gentlemanly manner.THE STORE FOR MEN(Mh* Stan*"*Sown anh (ftaatpu*In the New Hyde Park Shopping Center1502-06 E. 55th St. Phone 752-8100Nov. 1, 1963 > CHICAGO MAROON * 7IoHImI under tl»e •etborify ef ftmCoca-Cola Cempeay by: The Coco-Cele BottMof Company at Chicago Arendt talks on Eichmann, banality of evil(Continued from page one)years ago. All faculty members ofthe College math staff are part ofthe department and participatefully in departmental decisions.”Irving Kaplansky, chairman ofthe mathematics department, em¬phasized that an informal agree¬ment united the departmental andCollege staffs.screened by numbers, have clearconsciences, but the completely in¬nocent feel guilty of the sin ofommission.Miss Arendt stated that duringthe war she had written an articlefor a Labor Zionist monthly, ex¬plaining the madman actions on thebasis of organized guilt. However,she wrote under the assumptionthat the guilty w'ould be punished,not forseeing the number who wentunpunished and the very numberwho were implicated.Those involved, according toMiss Arendt, were in most partnot even SS party members. It wasextraordinarily easy to enlist theparticipation of almost everyonearound. In fact, the Nazis weretaken aback by the ease with whichthey could involve people.Miss Arendt stated that she alsooverestimated the impact of idealo-gy on the individual. Eichmannhad a contempt for ideology thatcould be seen in his conversationswith the Israeli interrogation offi-c e r. Eichmann repeatedly ex¬pressed his contempt for such“propoganda—what you need to justify what you do in the eyes ofother people.” He sopke contemp¬tuously of Himmler because heactually believed in certain ideolog¬ical tenets of Naziism.Eichmann believed only in ‘‘TheFuhrer,” because he had risenthrough the ranks from a lance-corporal to chancellor. In Eich-mann’s eyes, the rise of Hitlerproved that he was right and thatthe Germans should subject them¬selves to him.Miss Arendt also explained herconcept of the banality of evil,which goes against the belief in thedaemonic nature of evil. Accordingto Miss Arendt, that evil is banaldoes not mean that it is common¬place, for commonplace impliesfrequency. Her definition of banal¬ity implies a ‘‘hair-raising super¬ficiality.”Evil, said Miss Arendt, is notradical—'that is, it does not haveroots. Evil is rather a surfacephenomenon. It is evil preciselybecause it has no roots, andspreads so easily. The fact that evilis rootless also makes it difficultto think and to speak about it.Thought attempts a coverage indepth, which banal evil defies.‘‘To render justice,” Mis« Arendtconcluded, ‘‘is a way to master thepast. We as Jews and as humanbeings, haven’t yet mastered itemotionally or intellectually.” Theimmensity of the tragedy frightensus more each time we hear about.Yet, it is an experience which mustbe understood. Miss Arendt concluded her lec¬ture by declaring that human be¬ings must master the past un¬emotionally by rendering of justice.In a question-and-answer periodafter her lecture. Miss Arandt wasasked, ‘‘How did Israel have theright to try Eichmann when thecountry didn’t even exist at thetime of his crimes?”As successors to the Nurembergtrials, criminals were handed overto the countries where the crimeswere committeed, Miss Arendtstated. The fact that the Jewsnever forgot about the land ofIsrael created a ‘‘space” betweenthem—a very real territory. In this‘‘space,” language, religion, mem¬ories of the past, culture and tra¬ditions have gathered. When thestate of Israel was created, thiscomplex that is their territory wasplanted in the land of Israel.‘‘It would be a grave injusticethat we shouldn’t have the rightto sit in judgment on crimesagainst our people just because wedidn’t have the paraphernalia ofmaterial territory,” Miss Arendtsaid.To the question ‘‘Why didn’t themany rebel against the few whenthey were being led to their slaugh¬ter?” Miss Arendt answered witha quotation from Miraboux, ‘‘Tenorganized men can make 100,000tremble apart.” In addition. MissArendt explained that the fateNazis offered to rebels was farworse than death. ‘‘Only the veryyoung had the courage to choose a hard death and take someonewith them, rather than choose aneasy death alone.”The Jews in Europe were people,not heroes, she said, and behavedno better and no worse than all theother Europeans caught in the Nazimachine. In a discussion at theHillel House following the lectureat Breasted Hall, Miss Arendt di¬sassociated herself from any con¬cept of “ghetto mentality” andJewish cowardice. She describedthe accusation of Jewish cowardiceas a traditional cannard of anti-Semites.Even though there were fewopportunities for resistance underthe Nazis, she indicated that therewere examples of courageous re¬volt. Also, Jews who knew thelanguage of the country could be¬come partisans and many did.Miss Arendt was also asked whatrole the Jewish 'leadership playedduring World War II, and her opin¬ions on how they acted. Focusingon the Jewish experience in cen¬tral and western Europe, she de¬scribed the cooperation which theNazis obtained from their appointedJewish community leaders. Thoughthese leaders may have acted withthe intention of saving Jews, MissArendt said that she cannot moral¬ly justify any Jew who would par¬ticipate in the selection of hisfellow Jews for life or for death.We can see now, she stated, thatnon-cooperation and Chaos wouldhave resulted in the saving of manyJewish lives in the West.THE BELL TELEPHONE COMPANIESSALUTE: TOM HAMILTON“I’ve known quickly on every job what was expected. Thenit was pretty much up to me, with help as needed,” saysNorthwestern Bell’s Tom Hamilton (B.S., Business, I960).Tom is Manager of his company’s Clinton, Iowa BusinessOffice, and has a staff of seven to help him service his35,000 telephone customers.Tom’s promotion resulted much from his impressiverecords in two other company areas. He had been anAssistant Marketing Promotion Supervisor helping developsales promotion when he was selected by his company to attend the special business seminar at NorthwesternUniversity in Chicago.Then, as Communications Supervisor in Ottumwa, Tomwas both salesman and supervisor — two other salesmenworked under him. On this job he showed the versatilitythat paid off in his Clinton promotion.Tom Hamilton, like many young men, is impatient tomake things happen for his company and himself. Thereare few places where such restlessness is more welcomedor rewarded than in the fast-growing telephone business.BELL TELEPHONE COMPANIESHARPER SQUAREGROCERLAND1445 E. 57th Phone DO 3-1251FREE DELIVERYThree Timet DjilyServing the University- Community withthe finest produce, meats, and groceriesfor over 32 years.YEATEAMfight...fight...fight...givethe axthe axthe ax...holdthatlinefight...fight...fight......YEATEAMwhewpausethings gObetter,!^withCokeTells of Oriental music Visconti film a dismal failure''Most Oriental music," ex¬plained Dr. Edith Gerson-Kiwi, professor of musicologyin Jerusalem and Tel-Aviv,••has not been intended to be ofinternational appeal, but rather isa method of communication with¬in a particular ethnic group.” Pro¬fessor Gerson-Kiwi, who studiedmusicology in Germany and wroteher dissertation on Italian secularmusic in the 1600's, is an eminentpioneer in the study of Orientaland ne-ar-Eastern music.•‘Contrary to the Western tradi¬tion that music is an all-embracinguniversal language, as exemplifiedin the ‘Ode to Joy’ of Beethoven’sNinth Symphony, Oriental musichas traditionally served as a non¬unifying force that can be used todistinguish various Eastern cul¬tures and ethnic groups,” she toldan audience in her lecture on"Near Eastern Music—Ethos andStyle” last Tuesday evening. Dur¬ing her lecture she illustrated byplaying her own recordings ofancient Jewish and other near-Eastern chants.Professor Gerson-Kiwi said thatthe ancient Jews preferred mono¬phonic singing to musical instru¬ments because they felt that whilemusical instruments were only"modest man-made tools,” thehuman voice was a divine gift andthe most proper expression of re¬ligious feeling. The practice ofchanting, she explained, developedin ancient Asia and was probably the source of modern Jewishpsalmody and the Gregorian ohantof the medieval Catholic church."Ancient Hebrew psalmody wasmost often used to celebrate a re¬ligious ceremony and even forchanting passages from the OldTestament,” she continued. Tradi¬tionally Jewish chants were un¬accompanied by any musical in¬strument, except on certain festi¬vals when a crude ramshorn wasused, she said.Professor Gerson-Kiwi went onto explain that while the Jewslimited their use of musical instru¬ments to an occasional ramshorn,other Oriental cultures freely em¬ployed primitive stringed and windinstruments in their ritual. Thesesame cultures, she said, were re¬sponsible for the development ofthe firs t primitive polyphony,which in turn gave rise to thestudy of music theory, and eventu¬ally to a development of music asan art in itself, a concept unknownto the ancient Jews, who usedchanting merely as a means ofcommunication.The invention of the lute providedthese cultures with a more precisemedium of musical expression,which opened the way for the de¬velopment of more structurallycomplex music, she said. She con¬cluded by playing several record¬ings illustrating the progress ofOriental music from primitivechanting to moderately complexpolyphony on stringed instruments. Luchino Visconti’s newest film,“The Leopard,” has opened herewith a great deal of hoop-la. It isbased on the Lampedusa novel, ILGATTOPARDO, and has taken amajor prize at Cannes. FeaturingBurt Lancaster, Alain Delon andClaudia Cardinale with a signifi¬cant Italian director one wondershow this film could manage to besuch a dismal failure. Perhaps itis because "the voice is Jacob’svoice but the hands are the handsof Esau.”The film concerns the rise ofnationalism and the overthrow ofthe basically feudal system in Italyby Garibaldi and his men. Theeffects of this social upheaval aremirrored in the lives of a nobleSicilian family and particularly inthe life of the head of that family.The concept is interesting but thetelling of it, unfortunately, is not.The film is artificial to the pointwhere one almost expects to seeone of the technical crew saunteracross the screen. The beauty ofthe novel was its ability to createa mood, a world of its own, yetintimately admit the reader intothis world. The world presented inthe film is patently a paper macheone, in which more stereotypesthan characters are presented.From the major roles down to thecameos there is a succession oftriteness. Lancaster demonstrates,as he has done before ("Judgmentat Nuremberg,” Bird Man of Alca-This advertisement is neither an offer to sell nor a solicitation of anoffer to buy any of these securities. The offering is made only by theprospectus.IISNSA COOPERATIVE, INC.5000 Common, par value $5.007500 Preferred-A, par value $10.002000 Preferred-B, par value $100.00Copies of ffie prospectus may be obtained from:5706 South University Avenue, Chicago, Illinois(Reynolds Club bookstore)343 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois3457 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penna.330 Nickels Arcade, Ann Arbor, Michigan631 East Green Street, Champaign, IllinoisIncorporated in the State of Wisconsin 1961It’sinvisible,man!It’s incredible, incomparable, infallible! Code 10 for men, the newkind of hairdressing from Colgate-Palmolive. The new invisible wayto groom a man’s hair all day. Non-greasy Code 10 disappears in yourhair, gives it the clean, manly look that inflames women, infuriatesinferior men. Be in.Get the non-greasyhairdressing,CodelO.It’s invisible, man! traz, List of Adrian Messenger)that make-up can effectively dis¬guise his physical appearance.Alas, it cannot hide his lack ofdramatic maturity. As the princehe is totally unconvincing. Agingis more than a matter of the addi¬tion of synthetic wrinkles—it is thedifficult expression of attitude thatthe actor must communicate to theviewer.Alain Delon comes off somewhatbetter, but his role is such a cliche-ridden cavalier part it would behard to imagine him doing a better(or worse) job of it. Miss Cardinale("L’Aventurra”) was surprising asa piggish daughter of a piccolofunctionario but failed to elicitmuch more than feelings of dis¬gust.Another annoying aspect of "TheLeopard” was its excessive use ofdialouge. I had the impression thathad I seen the Italian version(some 25 minutes longer than the31/2 hour American print) I wouldhave left with a bad ease of nystag¬mus from reading subtitles. Whiledialogue can be successfully inte¬grated into a film, I feel there isa flaw somewhere when one canclose one’s eyes in a movie andstill follow what is going on.The purely visual moments werehandled with a gauchness thatwould make the amateur photog¬rapher blush. For example, duringthe battle scene one saw extras(with ketchup-smeared bandanas)blithly continue to run after beingdirectly hit by a small bomb. Thispitifully executed scene was donewith a virtually fixed camera andcut primarily to shift scenes,rather than to add dramatic im¬pact to the action.There were some graceful touches, but hardly enough to war¬rant the price of admission or thetime spent watching the movie.Visconti has given us a beautifulexample of the use of color in filmsand, through a skillful use of com¬position, lighting, make-up aind cos¬tuming, created an impression ofa 19th century romantic painting.The exteriors are Corot, the play¬ers portraits by Ingres."ITie voice is Jacob’s voice . . .**“The Leopard” fails, I feel, pri¬marily because of the apparentstudio influences. Produced by anAmerican company, there are dis¬turbing Hollywood touches thatmar any qualities the film mighthave had. First, there is an over¬emphasis on the stars, chosen fortheir names (Lancaster) or theirlooks (Delon & Cardinale) and, ofcourse, their box-offioe appeal ontwo continents. That they were notparticularly suited for their rolesdid not seem to matter. Then thereis the influence of the “colossal”film. The final ball might have beenlifted from a 1930 "extravaganza,”complete with mirror finishedfloor. And there was the atrociousdialogue. When Hollywood decidesto be “intellectual” it has a dis¬concerting way of sounding like anunfunny SECOND CITY routine.The dubbing is not particularlybad. if you don’t mind actorsspeaking English with Italian ges¬tures.IL GATTOPARDO is a fairlylong book and requires severalhours to read. May I suggest thatthe price of a ticket and the timeconsumed seeing "THE LEOP¬ARD” be spent on buying a copyof the book and reading it? Itwould probably be a more pleas¬urable experience than seeing themovie.Digory PiperPerkins gets music awardJohn Maclvor Perkins, instruc¬tor in the department of music,has been awarded a chambermusic commission by the FrommMusic Foundation of Chicago andthe Berkshire Music Center.The Foundation and Center se¬lected nine composers from a fieldof fifty-four to write works whichare ten to fifteen minutes long andwhich will utilize at least four ofCharterA BusFor EveryOccasion ...• School Events • Tours• Week End Trips• Office, Factory andChurch OutingsCentral West Motor Stages3451 W. Ogden CR 7-4200 sixteen instruments required bythe judging committee.The contestants’ compositionswill be presented at a Festival ofContemporary American Music tobe held next August at Tangle woodin Lenox, Massachusetts.As his working title, Perkins haschosen "Night Music'for Sopranoand Twelve Instruments,” whichhe visualizes as "a vocalization ofabstract vowel sounds, organizingthe fourteen distinct vowel soundsin the English language aspitches.” He will use no text, Per¬kins said, "merely instrumentalsound and vocalization.”A member of the UC facultysince 1962, Perkins is a graduateof Harvard and Brandeis Univer¬sities and the New England Con¬servatory of Music. In 1962 he re¬ceived a composition prize fromBrandeis for his Quintet-Variations.He has received two other com¬missions, one from the New MusicCircle of Saint Louis, the otherfrom composer Easley Blackwoodof the UC’s music department.APPROVED FOR DORMITORY USEThe $54.95 Bantam Refrigerators now on display are suitableand approved for use in dormitories.THE UNIVERSITY Of CHICAGO BOOKSTORE5802 Ellis AvenueJESSELSONSSERVING HYDE PARK FOR OVER 30 YEARSWITH THE VERY BEST AND FRESHESTFISH AND SEAFOOD AVAILABLEPL 2-2870. PL 2-8190. DO 3-8190 1340 E. 53rdIF YOU HAVE TRIED THE REST . . .Now Try 'THE BEST". JUST PICK UP THE PHONEand we will deliver lo your home.WE ALSO HAVE TABLE SERVICEPizza Platter1508 Hyde Park Blvd. KE 6-6 06 — KE 6-3891Nov. 1. 1963 • CHIC A G 6 MAROONAli describes aims and methods of Black Muslimsfibi **!>q . The aims and methods ofthe Black Muslim movementwere explained by John Ali,National Secretary of Muham¬mad's Mosque of Islam, at IdaNoyes Hall Tuesday night. Ali an¬swered questions posed by theaudience and a panel of membersof the Congress of Racial Equality(CORE) and educators.Ali began his talk by stating thatthe word "Muslim” means ‘‘onewho submits to the will of God.”Ho defined “Islam” as “peace.”White Americans should be gladthat Islam is the force it is amongthe Negro community, since it hasstabilized the racial conflict in thiscountry, he remarked.Elijah Muhammad, leader of theBlack Muslim movement, hasgiven the “so-called AmericanNegro” a reason to live. Ali con¬tinued. and he is the only leaderthe Negro people ever had whodoes not owe his power to theWhites. He added that it is naturalfor the white man to make theNegro turn against this leader be¬ cause it is the only way he candefeat the Negro. “No white manhas ever said anything against Eli¬jah Muhammad, only Negroeshave.”“The Negro didn’t land onPlymouth Rock,” Ali continued,“the rock landed on us. All whitesare devils when they deal withthe Negro,” he added. He said theNegro was in his present place insociety and the whites were intheirs because the fathers of thewhite man had enslaved those ofthe Negro. He stated that the “so-called American Negro” learnedto hate from his white masters,not from the Black Muslim move¬ment.Shouldn't send troops to southAmerica treats the Negro as itsworst enemy. Ali said. “You canbe white and a Communist andhave more civil rights than aNegro wrapped in the Americanflag.” Ali stated that if Americanwhites really wanted to help theNegro, they would not send troopsto force integration in the South.Announce fellowship offersSeveral announcements ofgrants and fellowships haverecently been made by theoffice of Career Counselingand Placement and the Fulbrightprogram adviser.Descriptive brochures for twoprojects administered by the Officeof Education. Department ofHealth. Education, and Welfare un¬der the Fulbright-Hays Act may beobtained from the OccupationalLibrary of the Office of CareerCounseling and Placement in Rey¬nolds Club.The first of these projects offersgrants for advanced graduate stu¬dents, teachers, and professors, forstudy, research and summer semi¬nars abroad. The second providesfor teacher exchange opportunities.Deadline for application for bothprojects is November 1.• The institute for student inter¬change of the east-west center atthe University of Hawaii is offer¬ing one-hundred full scholarships to qualified US citizens. These schol¬arships, valued at $8,500, are for21 months and provide transporta¬tion, living expenses, and tuitionfor graduate studies in Asian areaand language studies, anthropol¬ogy, Asian and Pacific history,political science, and other fields.Applications and further informa¬tion may be obtained from Cas¬sandra Anderson, Fulbright Pro¬gram Adviser.Other announcements concerning1964-1965 graduate fellowships arein the Occupational Library of theOffice of Career Counseling andPlacement which is open for stu¬dent browsing. Instead, they would “do good in¬dividually” for the Negro.“President Kennedy can bringpeace in foreign nations with onlywords.” he said. The troops thePresident sends are a show, hecontinued. Kennedy is the mostpowerful man in the world, he ex¬plained. and could easily give theNegro what he deserves if hewanted to. “But we don’t careabout this hypocrisy,” added Ali,“because we know this is yourcountry, not ours.”Ali said that if White peoplewant to call the Negro equal, theyshould treat him as such, or lethim live separately. The Jews leftEgypt when they were mistreatedby the Pharaoh, and left Germanywhen Hitler persecuted them.America separated itself fromEngland when her treatment be¬came intolerable. The “so-calledNegro,” explained Ali, should beseparated from the white race.Prophet of all NegroesAli said that Elijah Muhammadwas the prophet of all Negroes,not only those of the Muslim faith.He said all Black People of anyreligion would be better off in anindependent Negro State.Ali said the Negro communitywould be self-sufficient in a Negrostate, and would provide jobs forhis own people. He would at lastbe off welfare* rolls of the whitecommunity. To the nearly .‘500Negro and white people in theaudience he declared. “You are allreally in favor of this separationbecause it would save you money,which you all love.”When Ali had concluded his re¬marks, the question period began.The panel of questioners includedSam Riley, President of ChicagoCORE, Roy Patrick of West SideCORE, Professor Samuel Jaffee ofthe Illinois Institute of Technology,and Marc Galanter, assistant pro¬ fessor of social sciences at UC.Riley questions AliRiley began the questioning byasking how much security non-Muslim Negroes would have in anindependent Negro nation. Ali re¬plied that all members of thisstate would find security by doingthings for themselves. “How couldthe Negro be worse off than he isunder white domination?” heasked.Riley further inquired whetherthe Muslim idea of segregation isnot a product of the decadence ofsegregation by the white commu¬nity, and asked whether one evilwould justify the other. Ali an¬swered by calling Riley’s questiona reflection of a followers insight.”Ali stated that Columbus has dis¬covered America for whites andthe Constitution was drafted forwhites. He concluded again thatthe Negro should be separatedfrom his former masters.Shouldn't trust whitesIf Islam teaches its followers tohe called all white men devils andjudge men by their deeds, why hadregarded all white men as slavemasters, a questioner from thefloor asked Ali. Ali answered, “Weare not judging anyone. If we werejudging, you would be condemned.We’re not condemning you, we'retelling people not to trust you.”Another person asked why“Black Muslims excluded white people from their meetings andservices.” “Muhammad was sentto teach my people, not yours,” Alireplied. “You don’t see any Catho^lie Archbishops at Hillel. We’ll letyou know what we want you toknow.”Ali was asked why many mem¬bers of the Black Muslim actuallyknew very little about what themovement stood for. He answeredthat all Islamic people follow theirprophet because he gains his wis¬dom from Allah. The Muslims areproud to follow Mr. Muhammad,he assured the questioner.Form poetry groupA poetry-reading colloquim isbeing organized by a group of stu¬dents at the Harj>er Surf Dormi¬tory. Meetings will be held at thedormitory on alternate Wednesdayevenings.Many members of the group areEnglish majors who plan to teachand want to improve their abilityto read aloud. Others are inter¬ested in the artistic expression ofpoetry.John Cawelti, assistant professorof humanities, will meet with thegroup during its initial sessions.Later, other faculty members willbe invited to participate.Students interested in joining thegroup are asked to call JeanieWishard at 263 5060.ESCRU and BRENT HOUSE, the Episcopal Church at theUniversity of Chicago, offer a brilliant 2-hour even¬ing with"expresso priest” freedom rider, r*—*"'nhf,TYPEWRITERS, NEW and USED STARRINGIN HIS OWNUsed portable and office machines may be purchased as is or covered by aguarantee when completely overhauled by us. PRIZI-WINNINGInquire at our Typewriter Department. ONI ACT PLAYTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO BOOKSTORE WITH5802 Ellis Avenue WOOD 11 KING,JR.Does a man really take unfair advantage of womenwhen he uses Mennen Skin Bracer?All depends on why he uses it.Most men simply think Menthol-Iced Skin Bracer is the bestafter-shave lotion around. Because it cools rather than burns.Because it helps heal shaving nicks and scrapes. Because ithelps prevent blemishes.So who can blame them if Bracer’s crisp, long-lasting aromajust happens to affect women so remarkably?Of course, some men may use Mennen Skin Bracer becauseof this effect. .How intelligent! vED listCOLOSATURDAYNOVEMBERAT EIGHTDONATION S3STUDENTS $1 READINGSFROMJAMES BALDW<NEDWARD ALBEERALPH ELLISONcmr,z:AN ALL NEW MUSICAL FUN SHOW!FERRANTE&TEICHERstrike up the grandsl “Superlatives do not »I exist to adequately Idescribe their bril- ii liance and artistn ■"Mastertechnicians' |, -TIME jI "Playing of hair• i* trigger precisionl- -MY,1 “Most recorded i1 two P‘on%L {\ intheuorld! }AMERICA’S MOST POPULAR RECORDING ARTISTSIN AN EXTRAORDINARY EVENINGOF KEYBOARD FIREWORKSAT SINAI TEMPLE FORUM5350 South Shore DriveMONDAY • NOVEMBER 4 • 8:15 p.m.Single Admission $2.00for further information phone: BU 8-1600> Direct from 424 New York performances!S. HUROK presents•• a-3-?eme~t Jtti the Greatar N.Y. Chapter of ANIALOTTE LENYAin the CHERYL CRAWFORD production of CHICAGO MAROONArranged ri Translated d» GEORGE TABORIMEMORABLE!” “SUPERB!”/ -NY TIMES -NY HER TRIBA COMPLETE SUCCESS’’,-NEW YORKERUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THEATREMANDEL HALLNovember 13 thru 17Tickets ot Reynolds Club Desk50c Student DiscountsPrices ronge from $2.00 to $4.50.ALLAN SHERMANRESERVEYOURSEATSNOW!forSUNDAYEVENING—NOVEMBER 10S:30 l>.M.C HICAGO SINAI CONGREGATIONALLAN SHERMAN *"My Son, The Folk Singer’*"My Son, The Celebrity”plus ORCHESTRA and ENSEMBLEATSUVA I TEMPLE5350 South Shore Drivewill presentAll seats reservedTICKET ORDER BLANKChicago Sinai Congregation5350 South Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60615Please send the following tickets for "An Evening WithAllan Sherman” on Sunday Evening, November 10,1963.-Tickets at $17.50-Tickets at $17.50-Tickets at $15.00.Tickets at $13.50 (Main Floor) $1(Front Bale. $L(Middle Bale.) $L(Rear Bale. $LNameAddressCity Zip Code-Telephone(Make Checks Payable toChicago Sinai Congregation) WEEKEND GUIDELAKE /) PARK AT S^RD : N07 9071the t^yde park theatreStarts Friday, Nov. 1Margaret Rutherford in Agatha Christie's“MURDER AT THE GALLOP"Flora Robson1-2-3"Robert Morley -AandBilly ■■Wilder’sJames Cagney A” Arlene FrancisHorst BuchholzFree Weekend Patron Parking at 5230 S. Lake ParkSpecial Student Rates WITH Student I.D. CardsWinner of the 1963 Cermet Festival es “Best Film of the Yeer.'29th CFMTUHY FO* peeemni*Burt XtZLxicsustox*in•‘The X-cqpard.a/so starringAlain BolonandClaudia CardinalcSpecial student rate of $1.00 ineffect during this engagementonly (except Saturday night). ff*•* SuilbltThe True Story o] the Civil War Chicago's most unusualtheatre, offering onlythe finest foreign anddomestic films,STUDENTSTake advantage of thespecial discount ovoil*able to you. 90tf any dayexcept Saturday. ShowI.D. cord to the cashier.Pane's Piz zerieria"Home of Hyde Park's Tastiest Pizza"Welcomes everyone back to the UniversityFREE DELIVERY WITH STUDENT I.D.PHONE NOrmal 7-9520 1603 E. 53rd ST.OPEN DAILY 11:00 A.M.-2:00 A M.Jimmy’sand the University RoomRESERVED EXCLUSIVELY FOR UNIVERSITY CLIENTELEFifty Fifth and Woodlawn Avu.GOLD CITY INNSpecializing in Cantonese FoodExcellent service and orders to take outWhere discriminating students dine10% Discount to Students With This Ad5228 Harper HY 3-2559 B-J CINEMAPresentsLoss of Innocencewith Donielle DerrieuxFRIDAY, NOV. 1st8 and 10 P.M.BURTON-JUDSONCOURTS1005 EAST 60thHARPERLIQUOR STORE1514 E. 53rd StreetFull line of imported and domesticwines, liquors ond beer ot lowestprices.FREE DELIVERYPHONE_ . - — 1233FA £L—1318■ ^—7699The Most Popular BookOn Your Campus Is NowAn Exciting MovieA ShockerLord Of The Flies// /#CINEMAChicago ot MichiganStudents SI.00 with I.D. CardsEvery Doy But SaturdayCOLOR DEVELOPINGPREPAID MAILERSB mm Roll. 3 mm 20 exp $1.2935 mm, 30 exp $1.9SMODEL CAMERA1342 E. 55th HY 3-9259NSA DISCOUNTSDO YOURECOGNIZETHIS MAN?Ralph J. Wood, Jr., CLUHyde Pork Bank BuildingChicago 15, III.FAirfax 4-6800Office Hours 9 to 5Mondays & FridaysHe is an active member ofyour community and he rep¬resents the Sun Life Assur¬ance Company of Canada.With the backing of thisinternational organization —one of the world’s great lifeinsurance companies — he iswell qualified to advise youon all life insurance matters.He is a valuable man toknow. May he call upon youat your convenience?SUN LIFEASSURANCE COMPANYOF CANADAHe*, 1. mi • CHICAGO MAROON • 11arc■I: ) |i& ft# k Discuss physci, biology staffs SG acts on bookstore(Continued fro* page one)McNeill said, “but no decisionshave been made.”He explained that the situationin the history department is notanalagous to that of the*Englishdepartment, since the history staffhas always been closely related toUie departmental faculty.Eric Cochrane, head of the his¬tory section in the College com¬mented that relations are cordialbetween the two staffs and thatthe degree of overlap is very high.New members are receiving jointappointments so there is no urgentneed for a change, he added.A. Adrian Albert, professor ofmathematics and dean of the divi¬sion of physical science, statedthat, with few exceptions, all thepeople teaching in the College havedepartmental appointments.“In mathematics,’' he said, “thefaculties merged completely a fewFor the past four years, he ex¬plained, the two staffs have mettogether and have considered allproblems together. “All appoint¬ments have been considered by aunified body. Now there are jointappointments and departmental ap¬ pointments but no College appoint¬ments,” he added.Kaplansky said he thought aunited staff is workable when a“College staff sits adjacent to awell-defined department.”This is not the case for the Col¬lege physical science staff, henoted, which unites the depart¬ments of chemistry, physics, as¬tronomy, and geophysical sciences.The advisory oommittee of thebiological science division has onits agenda the consideration ofappointment policy, according toBenson Ginsburg, head of the biolo¬gy section in the College.Ginsburg, professor of biologyin the College and in the depart¬ment of psychology, explained thatthis quarter the committee willhave discussion which may or maynot lead to some sort of action.“They might decide to regularizearrangements which are now di¬verse and informal.” he said.At present, of the 35 people teach¬ing biology in the College, onlythree or four are not affiliated witha department or with a divisionalprogram, Ginsburg said. “This iscarried out through joint appoint¬ments, courtesy appointments, and a ‘lend-lease’ basis, so we have agood deed of flexibility.”Ginsburg would like to see“everybody in the section with fullrange in the University.” But heremarked that the section is smalland the “problem is not a burningone.”Hold seminar onJewish thoughtClassical Jewish thought will bethe subject of a three session lec¬ture-discussion series to begin atHillel this Monday at 7 pm. Dr.Menford Harris. Professor of Re¬ligious Philosophy at the College ofJewish Studies, will discuss threecurrent theological issues throughtheir sources in medieval Jewishwriting.The first evening will deal withthe concept of exile, as found inthe writings of Judah Ha’Levi Thenext sessions will discuss the Cov¬enant, in the writings of JosephAlbe. and the Question of Man,from Moses Maimonides’ works.Mimeographed reading materialsare available at the Hillel office.The series is free to students. (Continued from page one)academic year to $1,710 per year,“we are convinced that the neces¬sity for each increase disturbsthose responsible for such decisionsalmost as much as ourselves.”“Our immediate impulse wouldbe to denounce such decisions,” itcontinued. “We feel, however, thatnot enough information has beenmade public for a rational and in¬telligent analysis of this recentrise. ... Student Government willtherefore postpone any judgmentuntil such facts can he ascertainedand the students can be informedof their implications.”It urged the administration to re¬lease facts and figures on the rea¬sons for the raise, and “regretted”the University’s action in not pub¬licly releasing such figures as amatter of course.”Deplore book profitsThe resolution on the UniversityBookstore, which passed 27-1, citedthe precedents of Harvard, Cornell,Wisconsin, and Wayne State uni¬versities in arranging discounts orrebates on bookstore purchases tostudents and faculty members.“We find it discouraging that theUniversity of Chicago should con-OLDServing the University ofChicago Campus Since 1921SAM MALATTBARBER SHOPBUtterfield 8-09501011 East 61st StreetChicago 37, Illinois ENGLISHBLOCKsum s campusFOUNTAIN & LUNCHEONETTE1000 EAST 61st FA 4-4800HOME OF THE FAMOUS STERN SSPECIAL STRIP STEAK FOR 95cTHEN TRY OURSPECIAL HERCULES DINNER 95cTo mo toe Juice, Hamburger Steak, Slaw, Pries,Rolls and Butter, Ice Cream & Coffee BEWISE —Glamorize Your ClothesWithJhsL Tyicuc (BhooLCLEANERS - TAILORS - LAUNDERERServing the Campus Since 1917Phones: Ml 3-7447 1013.17 East 61st StreetHY 3-6868 Near Ellis Ave. tinne a policy of making a profiton so basic a necessity of academiclife. It is particularly reprehensiblein view of the fact that the Univer¬sity operates other necessities ofstudent life—housing and commons—on a non-profit basis for theequal benefit of all students.”The resolution urged that “re¬bates should be scheduled at thebeginning of the rebate period andshould be based upon a projectednon-profit operation. ... We sug¬gest that at least 10% is a reason¬able rebate on books.”A committee should also beestablished of students, faculty,and administrators to institute thepolicy and set up the details of theoperation, the resolution urged.The member's should have accessto the Bookstore’s complete finan¬cial records, it continued.Finite footballThe delayed resolution on footballwas approved by a vote of 17 to 7,with five abstentions. In its mainpoints, it urged that limits be puton future intercollegiate footballby these policies:1) The athletic department bud¬get should be available to the pub¬lic; 2) no profit should be made onathletic events, or admissioncharged at football games playedat DC: 3) the football budget shouldnot be larger than that for anyother intercollegiate team: 4) anyathletic scholarships should beawarded on the basis of need: 5)any regular intercollegiate scheduleshould be reviewed every two yearsby the Faculty Council; 6) the poli¬cy should be maintained that thepurpose of competition is not nec¬essarily to win every game.Condemn CTC actionAnother resolution was pawedcondemning the action October 17of the Chicago Teachers CollegeNorth in suspending the campuspaper for printing a satiric cartoonof Superintendent Willis. SG is“utterly appalled at this displayof unwarranted censorship,” itsaid.In other action, the Assembly ap¬pointed Carl Thor to replace DavidBeal as both representative fromthe Graduate Business School andas Treasurer.It also filled the three vacanciesfor two-year terms on the Student-Faculty-Administration Court. SidWurzburg of GNOSIS and MikeWollan of POLIT will each servetwo-year terms, and Greg Gogo ofGNOSIS will serve a one-year term.Peter Schnall and Vernon Edgarare candidates to fill the remainingone-year term. The Assembly willchoose between them at its nextmeeting November 12.Joseph H. AaronConnecticut MutualLife Insurance Protection135 S. LaSalle St.Ml 3-5986 RA 6-1060JOHN DINOU SSURF Ml 3-4900SURREYRESTAURANT — COCKTAIL LOUNGE — COFFEE SHOP — OPEN 24 HOURS5000 S. LAKE SHORE DRIVELong Known For Prime Steaks And Dry MartinisThe banquet season has started, and it is time now to plan for Thanks¬giving, Christmas and holiday partying. Call John Dinou for prices andfull information . •. MI 3-4900. Our newly remodeled Century Room will seat 100 persons. Our newPier 50 Room is also available. Other rooms include the Surrey, theSurf, and the Captain’s Cabin.12 • CHICAGO MAROON • Nov. 1, 1963CHICAGO MAROONLITERARY REVIEWNOVEMBER 1, 1963EXISTENCE AND ESSENCETHE ETERNAL NOW. Paul Tillich. estrangement. The three parts is tie—and therefore preposterous—AV» York: Charles Scribner’s Sons,1961. $2.95.It is difficult to think of atheologian more widely knownamonjr educated people thanPaul Tillich, now John NuveenProfessor of Theology at the Uni¬versity of Chicago. But it is equal¬ly difficult to think of a theologianwhose ideas are more commonlymisunderstood than those of Pro¬fessor Tillich. Thus we offen hearthe question: What is the best wayto become familiar with this sye-tem of thought? And one frequentanswer is that we should begin byreading a collection of his sermons,of which The Eternal Now is themost recent example. Let us eval¬uate this contention.In the sermons, since they aredirected toward a relatively uns|>e-cialized audience, we encounterTillich’s system in a readable andcomprehensible form. We see. inparticular, the application of histheological method — the “methodof correlation” — in language andillustrations which appeal to oureveryday experience, showing howChristian symbols pmvide “an¬swers” to “questions” arising outof the situation of human finiteness of the book itself — “The HumanPredicament,” “The Divine Reali¬ty,” and “The Challenge to Man”— exemplify and apply this meth¬od. We also encounter in the ser-monie material some of the radi¬calism of his theological thought.For example, we discover thatProfessor Tillich does not use thetraditional Christian symbols intheir popular meanings: the Di¬vine Spirit is not a “mysterioussubstance”; faith is not a “set ofbeliefs”; and eternal life is not“continuation of life after death,”just to mention a few of these.From the student’s point of view,however, the sermons are some¬what frustrating, if not misleading.The reason is partly that some ofthe formulations of concepts in thesermons are unclear and partlythat the sermonic mode of dis¬course itself tends to be mislead¬ing. With regard to the latter weneed only to note that a typicalsermon, which begins with a Bibli¬cal text, seems to suggest theexistence of a supernatural Beingwho has caused this text to be writ¬ten and who has vested it with aspecial kind of authority. Thus thefact that Tillich is here writing insuch a form might lead, or mis¬lead, the reader to think that Til¬lich too is employing supernatural- metaphysics. In spite of the con¬tent of Tillich’s sermons them¬selves, therefore, it has been |)os-sible for “orthodox” Christians tothink of him as “one of theirown,” while others have dismissedhis views as “superstitious” and“reactionary.” Such an interpreta¬tion is, of course, incorrect.Tile former reason for the frus¬trating character of the sermonicmaterial is more serious. For ex¬ample. take the following passageconcerning the idea of salvation:If it is our destiny to partici¬pate in freedom in the divinelife here and now, in and abovetime, we can say that the “evilone" is he from whom we prayto lx? delivered: It is the en¬slaving power which preventsus from fulfilling our humandestiny; it is the wall that sep¬arates us from the eternallife to which we belong; andit is the sickness of our beingand that of our world causedby this separation. Salvationhappens whenever the enslav¬ing power is conquered, when¬ever the wrall is broken through,whenever the sickness ishealed. He who can do this iscalled the saviour. Nobody ex¬cept God can do this. Thosewho are in chains cannot lib¬ erate themselves, and thosewho are sick cannot heal them¬selves. All liberating, all heal¬ing power comes from the otherside of the wall which sepa¬rates us from eternal life.Whenever it appears, it is amanifestation of eternal, divinelife in our temporal and mortalexistence. All liberators, allhealers are sent by God; theyliberate and heal through thepower of the eternal given tothem. (p. 115.)This, I submit, is a frustratingstatement! It is frustrating notonly to someone who is uninitiated,but also to someone who may haveread widely in Tillich’s non-ser-monic writings. There is a greattemptation to lapse into a super-naturalistic interpretation. In or¬der to correctly understand such apassage we must look to somethingwhich is not indicated in the ser¬mons, namely, the philosophicalbasis upon which Tillich’s reinter¬pretation of the traditional religioussymbols ultimately rests. In ashort review we cannot, of course,clarify the meaning of every wordused in the passage, but perhapsit will be sufficient to re-state thegeneral idea in philosophical lan¬guage.(continued on 'page 3) CONTENTSCurrent Events:Alan Gewirth: An Alternative t<»IT ar or Surrender ami Problemsof IT orld Disarmament .. IKenneth Rebate: The Education ofAmerican Teachers 3Fiction:Penrith Goff: Cat and Mouse .. 5David Richter: The (lirls of SlenderMeans and 'The I iolent World ofHugh Greene .. SHistory:Walter I,. Arnstein: The Appeasers. .2George T. Romani: The Hise ofthe IT esl .. 2Literary Criticism:(lari Erickson: IT hat Is I’oetry? .. 4Stuart Tave: Eight ModernIT riters .. 5Donald T. Torchiana: The Poetryof IT. II. Auden: TheDisenchanted Island . . 1Edward Wasiolek: llenrv Jamesand the Jacobites .. 4Philosophy:Vere (1. Chappell: Philosophy andOrdinary Language .. 3Poetry:I. M. Friedman: Weather andSeason, The City of Satisfactions.and The Moving Target .. 7James K. Miller. Jr.: The HorningPenh and The Selected Poemsof John Malcolm Hrinnin .. 7Theology:Clark kucheman: The EternalNow . . 1Checklist of November Books.. t»FOR A WARLESS WORLDAN ALTERNATIVE TO WAR ORSl'RRENDER. Charles E. Osgood.Urbana, III.: University of IllinoisPress, 1962. 181 pages. $1.45PROBLEMS OF WORLD DISARM.AMINT. Edited by Charles E.Barber. Boston: Houghton MifflinCo., 1961. 170 pages. $1.50What policies should theUnited States follow in orderto prevent World War III?Two extremes must be ruledout at once, absolute pacifism, withits concomitant of unilateral dis¬armament, and preventive war.Each of these extremes is sociallyirresjxmsible, and the latter is alsoutterly immoral. Between these ex¬tremes there is a large range ofjxjssibilities. The evaluation ofthese possibilities, especially ofthose which are alternatives to thepresent course followed by theUnited States, involves considera¬tion ol a multiplicity of facts andof their probable bearings for thefuture.Among these facts, three eventsof the past twelve months havebeen especially important: thecrisis over Soviet nuclear missilesin Cuba, the Soviet-China split, andthe nuclear test-ban treaty. Theseevents have not only affected thecurrent factual situation in obviousways; they have also raised basicquestions of interpretation forAmerican policy as a whole. Towhat extent, for example, was themaking of the treaty the effect ofour decisive reaction to the Soviets’placing missiles in Cuba? To whatextent was it the effect of theSoviets’ split with China? Sincethe nuclear test-ban treaty is asmall but valuable step in thedirection of lessening tensions thatmight lead to war, it is importantto consider what lines of American•ction and what other factors mayhave helped bring it about.Such questions are also pertinent(o an evaluation of Charles Os¬good's Alternative to War or Sur¬render. This book, which hasalready won a modest fame, waswrit ten before the three events justreferred to, so that its specific pro¬ posals for United States actionmust be weighed against the sig¬nificance of these events. Thechief point of the book is to advo¬cate in some detail a policy whichOsgood calls “Graduated Recip¬rocation in Tension-Reduction”(GRIT). This policy has two dis¬tinctive features. First, it pro|x>sesto reduce international tensions bybeginning not with nuclear disarm¬ament or controls, but rather witha series of steps many degreeesremoved from this: reducing con¬ventional armaments, giving upcertain overseas military bases,eliminating certain non-nuclearcontrols and secrecies, providingfor various economic, social, andcultural exchanges, and so on.Second, it provides for step-by-step reciprocation, such that thesize of our successive initiativeswould depend on the degree towhich each was met with a corres¬ponding step by the Soviets. Thusthe invitation for reciprocationwould involve a kind of self-regu¬lating device as to the size andscope of further steps. We wouldthereby be evincing our desire forpeace by tangible procedures, whileat the same time maintaining ournuclear deterrent until the last.There is much that is attractiveabout this proposal. In contrast tothe extremes of pacifism and bel¬ligerency, the steps advocated byOsgood would each be relativelysmall and hence readily feasible,while neverlheless they might bothseverally and cumulatively lead toa change of atmosphere for thebetter. He may well be right inthinking that a piecemeal approachto reducing tensions is more likelyto succeed than staking all on somedramatic reversal of the whole pat¬tern of nuclear armaments.In its military aspect, Osgood’sproposal is novel; to begin withgradual reduction of conventionalarmaments, while ignoring for thetime being nuclear weapons, is adistinct reversal of current em¬phases. Yet I wonder how soundthis is. For one thing, since theSoviets’ population is a good deallarger than ours, and since they have far more men under armsthan we do, wouldn’t our disman¬tling several divisions, or ourtransferring them to the UnitedNations, require a parallel reduc¬tion of many more divisions by theSoviets? Osgood insists that “recip¬rocation need not be objectivelybalanced in quantity”; rather,what is required is “reciprocationin some form, tension-reducing inintent.” Apart from the fact thatintentions in this sphere are some¬times hard to read, it would seemthat a proposal to reduce our con¬ventional forces requires an ante¬cedent examination of the argu¬ments as to the specific purposesfor which those forces are held tobe needed; but Osgood presents nosuch examination.This point also suggests the i>os-sibility that Osgood’s book, recentas it is, may already have beendated by the onrush of events. Heviews the whole problem of worldpeace as hinging on the “tensions”between the United States and theSoviet Union. In this I think he isin large part right: but while herecognizes in an offhand way theproblem of Communist China, hestill regards it in the context of amonolithic Communist movementdirected and controlled by theSoviets. It would, of course, bequite unfair to blame him for notforeseeing the latest turn of events.But I mention this now. and withit the problem of the threatenedproliferation of nuclear weaponsamong the French, the Chinese,and others, in order to stress amore general point bearing on thisproblem. This point concerns thequestion of what is the categoryunder which the whole problemfalls, and what is therefore theperspective through which it maybe best understood.Osgood is a professor of psychol¬ogy at the University of Illinois,and hence it is perhaps not sur¬prising that the ultimate categoryunder which he subsumes theproblem of international tensionsis a psychological one. (This, ofcourse, may be simply a tautology,insofar as “tension” is a psycho¬ logical concept.) Thus he saysflatly that “the problems we facetoday are primarily matters ofhuman nature and human relation¬ships”; accordingly, he seems toattribute the basic causes of thethreatening features of Soviet-American relations to what he callsthe “Neanderthal mentality,” towhich he devotes a whole chapter.This mentality has such character¬istics as denial of reality, projec¬tion of its fears upon others, over¬simplified polarization betweengood and evil (with the opponent ofcourse viewed as completely evil),double standards of national moral¬ity, stereotyped responses to com¬plex situations, and so on. Thesecharacteristics, Osgood empha¬sizes, are found among the Ameri¬cans as well as the Russians, Simi¬larly, he dwells on the “mirror im¬age” phenomenon, to which othershave also called attention: the phe¬nomenon whereby the Americans’image of the Soviets (and of them¬selves) is exactly mirrored orduplicated in the Soviets’ image ofthe Americans (and of them¬selves). Each side sees the otheras untrustworthy but itself as fullytrustworthy; each side views theother as warlike but itself as peace-loving; each side distinguishes be¬tween the opponents’ common!>eople, who are sincerely desirousof good relations but gullible andmisled, and their rulers, who arerapacious and tyrannical: henceeach side justifies its participationin the arms race through its fearof the aggressive intentions of theother; and so on.Now I think there is much thatis true in this social-psychologicalanalysis as a depiction of (he re¬spective American and Russian at¬titudes. But there still remain somevery important questions not dealtwith in the analysis itself. Osgoodseems to assume that from the factthat there is this duplication ofimages between the Americans andthe Russians, it follows that theimages themselves must have anequal truth-value, i.e., that theymust both be equally unfounded orfalse. But thi/> is dimply a non sequitiir. The consequent of thisinference requires a separate em¬pirical scrutiny as to its own truth.Let me give an example. Supposewe imagine ourselves back in thethirties and, taking the “mirrorimages” listed two paragraphsabove, perform two substitutions:for “Americans” substitute “peo¬ple of the western democracies,”and for “Soviet Russians” substi¬tute “people of Nazi Germany.”It is significant that every itemlisted in the above “mirrorimages” would still hold, withslight if any alteration. Neverthe¬less. there is this crucial differencein the truth-value of the respectiveimages: the western democracies,including their government, werepeace-loving, whereas the Nazileaders were not; the westerndemocracies, even amid the de¬viousnesses of Chamberlain, Dala-dier, et al., were more trustworthythan the Nazi leaders; their gov¬ernments were more responsive toand controlled by their peoplesthan was the case with the Nazis,and so on.In other words, to put it some¬what formally: even if a mirror-image relationship exists betweentwo groups X and Y, this doesnot necessarily entail that theirrespective beliefs or images areequally true or false. For the be¬liefs, even though “mirroring" oneanother, are not thereby identical.X s beliefs constitute the proposi¬tions that “Y is P” and “X isR,“ while Y’s beliefs constitutethe propositions that “X is P”and “Y is R.” These two setsof (iroixxsitions are obviously notidentical; hence their truth-valuesare not necessarily identical. Ofcourse, if “P” is the opposite ornegation of “R,” then the beliefsthat “X is P” and “X is R“ con¬tradict one another; hence theycannot both be true. On the otherhand, they cannot both be false,either; hence Osgood’s assump¬tion that both must be false, en¬tirely or in large part, is refutableby logic alone. To ascertain whichbelief is true and which is false(continued on page 8)Page 2 CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW, NOVEMBER 1, 1963■ ENGLAND AND HITLERTHE APPEASERS, Martin Gilbertand Richard Gott. Boston: HoughtonMifflin Co.. 444 pp., S6.50.Nowadays we all presum¬ably know who appeasers are.They are (according to theChinese Communists) menkke Premier Khrushchev, whoremoved Russian missiles fromCuba last fall upon American re¬quest, and they are (accordingto some Republicans) men likePresident Kennedy, who failed toinvade that island anyway. It isdifficult to recall that only thirtyyears ago the verb “to appease”was one of the more harmlesswords in the English dictionary;k. simply meant “to pacify; tosoothe: to avoid strife.” Only dur¬ing the late 1930’s and the early 1940's did the verb “appease” andthe proper noun “Munich” acquirethose derogatory connotationswhich have made them commonparlance among a great manypeople whose familiarity with thedetails of European history dur¬ing the 1930’s may be cursory atbest.A reading of The Appeasers byMartin Gilbert and Richard Gottwould do much to remedy anysuch defect. It is in one respecta most unusual book. Unlikememoirs like Duff Cooper's OldMen Forget and A. L. Rowse’sAll Souls and Appeasement, un¬like books like Winston Chur¬chill’s The Gathering Storm andeven John F. Kennedy’s WhyEngland Slept, it is written neither by participants nor personal ob¬servers. For both of the youngEnglish scholars who wrote thebook are in their twenties, and onehad not even been born at thetime of the Munich crisis ofSeptember, 1938. Yet if the au¬thors have therefore no personalposition to defend, their conclu¬sions are in no significant senserevisionist. Having read scores ofmemoirs, scanned hundreds ofpublished English and Germandocuments, and interviewed doz¬ens of participants, they cometo conclusions which coincide onmost points with the story as itis told, in capsule form, in al¬most any textbook on twentiethcentury European history. ThusNeville Chamberlain and his co-ORDINARY LANGUAGEPHILOSOPHY AND ORDINARYLANGUAGE, edited by Charles E.Caton. Urbana: University of IllinoisPress, 1963. xii + 246 pages. $1.95paper.Academic philosophy isnowadays predominantly“linguistic,” at least in thiscountry and in Britain. Thisfact either is not known outside theranks of professional philosophersor, if known, is often misunder¬stood—and about as often deplored.Contemporary philosophers havebeen accused of abandoning phi¬losophy’s traditional pursuits andof occupying themselves exclu¬sively with trivial matters. Neithercharge is justified. Painstakingwork on small matters is likely toseem trivial to those who do notunderstand it, and who like to havethings large and easy. It is truethat contemporary philosophersconceive of their subject in onlyone of the ways in which it hastraditionally beecn conceived. Theythink of philosophy as a cognitivediscipline whose goals are purelyintellectual. They aim at under¬standing, and perhaps at knowl¬edge of a sort, though not of thesort the natural scientist is seek¬ing. They differ, thus, from thosewho think that philosophy shouldhave practical import, moral andsocial consequences, and also fromthose who regard philosophical sys¬tems as objects of personal crea¬tion, to be constructed and judgedby standards which are quasi-aesthetic. These ways of conceivingphilosophy have been prominent inpast times; they are the ways ofthe existentialists and of peculativethinkers such as Whitehead, re¬spectively, today: but they neitherhave been nor are the only ways.Even the concentration on lan¬guage is not a new thing. Plato andAristotle regularly appealed to“what we say” in order both tosupport and to criticize philosophi¬cal doctrines, and such appealshave been implicit in the practiceof most of the great philosopherssince that time. What is new isthe explicit recognition of the im¬portance of such appeals in phi¬losophy, and the development ofmore rigorous techniques for mak¬ing them. Philosophers have be¬come much more self-consciousabout their calling, and with theirnew awareness has come now ordi-new awareness has come new careand clarity. They do tend to talkmore about words than their pre¬decessors did, in consequence ofthis awareness. But nothing muchhangs on this in the end—this isnot a fundamental difference. Itmay have been necessary to askwhether “exists” is a predicate inorder to see that we ask no morethan this when we ask whether existence is a property, which formof question is apt to tempt us intofalse views about the nature andpractice of philosophy. But oncethis is seen the linguistic form ofquestion need not be insisted on—indeed, had better not be, in theinterests of economy.There is perhaps a special reasonfor the condemnation of linguisticphilosophy by those who know littleof it. Nearly everyone has heard bynow' of the logical positivists, thosewdeked iconoclasts who rejected allprevious philosphy as nonsense,and all ethics, literature, and theol¬ogy as well. Did not they reduce alllegitimate philosophy to the analy¬sis of language? To be sure thepositivists flourished thirty yearsago, but these current linguisticphilosophers—so it is said—aretheir heirs and really are no dif¬ferent from them. It is surprisinghow this old myth persists. Thecontemporary linguistic philoso¬phers are indeed the heirs of thepositivists in one sense, for it was byreacting against that kind of phi¬losophical program that they con¬ceived their own approach to phi¬losophy. But the spirt of their workis the antithesis of that w'hichguided the positivists—even allow¬ing for the fact that the true natureand value of the positivists’ con¬tributions bears little resemblanceto the popular caricature. The cruxof the difference between the twogroups lies in their different atti¬tudes towards language, the verything that is supposed to unitethem. The positivists began byquestioning ordinary language, thelanguage of everyday life. This,they maintained, is faulty, defi¬cient, inadequate, at least for phi¬losophical purposes; mistaken phi¬losophical dootrines, indeed mostphilosophical problems, have arisenbecause philosophers have beenmisled by language. The remedy,therefore, is to reform ordi¬nary language, or better, to con¬struct a new language which willbe logically perfect, faultless, andto conduct all philosophical busi¬ness exclusively in that. The new,artificially constructed languagewill provide a standard or idealagainst which ordinary language—and also the language of previousphilosophers, theologians, and therest—can be judged. Where otherlanguages fail, the result is “non¬sense.”The view of the contemporarylinguistic philosopher is radicallyopposed to this. Ordinary language,he holds, is all right. It is true thatphilosophical mistakes have beenmade in the past by philosophersinfluenced by language, but thefault has lain in them, not in lan¬guage (and the mistakes are often,in any case, worthwhile, illumi¬nating mistakes). Since they havemisconstrued their language, theremedy lies not in constructing ar¬tificial languages with which toreplace it but in examining it morecarefully and describing it moreaccurately. The philosopher’s busi¬ness is not to judge and certainlynot to reform ordinary languagebut rather to understand it—hencethe name often given to those whopractice philosophy with this idea in mind: “ordinary language phi¬losophers.” Far from rejecting abody of discourse as nonsense, inobedience to some a priori princi¬pal of significance, they are anxiousto search out the peculiar sensewhich each such body has in itself,to find the principles appropriateto that body. Where the positivistwas radically restrictive, the ordi¬nary language philosopher is radi¬cally permissive. There could hard¬ly be a more fundamental differ¬ence, in philosophy, than that.Why should the examination ofordinary language yield truths notjust about language but about allthe other subjects that philosophersconcern themselves with — causa¬tion, mind, freedom, knowledge,good beauty, even God? This is thequestion that is crucial to the un¬derstanding and appreciation ol theordinary language philosopher’swork—and also of the work ofPlato, Aristotle, and the rest ofthe traditional greats, at least inpart of what they practiced asphilosophy. It is, however, impos¬sible to answer it in brief and inthe abstract. The best way lo learnwhat the answer is and to decidewhat there is to be said in favorof and against it is to read theworks in which it is made explicit.This is not hard to do, since mostof these are journal articles, well-written and untechnical, and mostof the best of these have been col¬lected into various inexpensive an¬thologies. The present volume,edited by Charles Caton of theUniversity of Illinois, is one of thebest of these anthologies to appear.It contains a dozen papers, includ¬ing many classics by leading lin¬guistic philosophers, both Americanand British. Gilbert Ryle and J. L.Austin are each represented bytwo papers (“Ordinary Language”and "The Theory of Meaning," and“The Meaning of a Word” and“reformative - Constative” — thefirst English translation of a lecturegiven in French — respectively);Strawson’s important “On Refer¬ring” is included; and there arealso works by Urmson, Rhees,Toulmin and Baier, Linsky, andCartwright. The common subjectof the papers is ordinary languageitself, that by means of which con¬clusions about this as well as othersubjects are to be reached, accord¬ing to the ordinary language phi¬losopher. (This is the first collectionof articles on this subject to bepublished.) In his Introduction theeditor tries to show “the funda¬mental part that ordinary languagenecessarily plays in our intellectualendeavors,” and so to provide “arationale for the philosophical stu¬dy of ordinary language”; in thishe is largely successful. He hasalso provided an excellent bibliog¬raphy of works on and in recentlinguistic philosophy.V. C. ChappellV. C. Chappell, Associate Professorof Philosophy, came to Chicago sixyears ago from Yale, where he re¬ceived his PhD and later taught. Hehas himself edited a volume of essayson Ordinary Language, to be pub¬lished by Prentice-Hall in January.He has also edited another volume ofrecent essays, The Philosophy of Mind(Prentice-Hall, 1962), and the Mod¬ern Library Philosophy of DavidHume. (1963). Jiorts—men like Lord Halifax minorities outside “the fath^r-(British Foreign Secretary from land” seemed to fall within the1938 to 1940), Sir Nevile Hender- nineteenth century liberal tradi-son (British Ambassador to Ger- tion, it implied a callous disregardmany, 1937-1939), and Geoffrey for treaty obligations and a yetDawson (editor of The Times of more callous disregard for otherLondon, 1912-1919; 1923-1941)—are minorities (such as the Czechs ujonce again placed in the dock the Sudetenland and the Germanand found guilty, guilty of abet- Social Democrats there who hadting and even encouraging the long since lost their “fatherland ”),very sort of piecemeal concession Even the German occupation ofwhich whetted rather than satiated Prague in March, 1939, though ofthe appetite of a pathological immense significance in alteringdictator like Adolf Hitler. British public opinion, did no: dashThe authors recognize, to be the hopes of the appeasers coin-sure, that the loots of appease- pletely. Nor did the German in-ment included many emotions, not vasion of Poland on September 1,all of them dishonorable: retro- 1939. The authors recount inspective guilt feelings about the grueling detail the last minuteinjustices of the Treaty of Ver- heai tsearchings and negotiations, . , , in which some members of thesallies; a sense ot international oabjnet engagedfair play (why should Germany ber 1 and September 3 — whenbe forced to remain disarmed Britain declared war — whilewhile none of her neighbors are?) German tanks rolled toward War-j ■ .• r „ saw. Indeed only with the closeand Christian forgiveness; an un- , . ... ,, ,ol the Phoney War, onlv withwillingness to pass snap judg- the German attack upon Holland,menUs; an optimistic eagerness to Belgium, and France in May, 1940seek out blue skies on the interna- —and the consequent formation intional horizon. More dubious ele- Britain of a National Governmentments were involved as well:anti-communism as an end in it¬self; Francophobia; a latent anti- under the leadership of Churchillrather than Chamberlain — didappeasement truly end.The book's chief weakness issemiftdsm. What emerges, purlieu- that by deliberately concentratingalmost exclusively ujx>n the ideaslarly, from Messrs. Gilbert andGott’s account is the at times al¬most desperate eagerness forGerman friendship which pos¬sessed so many Englishmen dur¬ing the 1930’s. To many of themappeasement did not mean peaceat any price; it did .however,mean peace for the sake of arapprochement with the erstwhileenemy. The result was that Naziracial jxilicies, concentrationcamps, and violent speeches wereexplained away as products of theexuberance of a revolutionarymovement which would disappearas Hitler acquired the maturitywhich power brings. Within theappeasers’ frame of reference,events such as the harassment ofindependent churchmen withinGermany and the use ol German and actions of British pilicymakers the authors necessarilybetray a lack of proportion. Whiletheyr contend, with sound evidence,that “Munich” was not the pre¬meditated purchase of a your ofpeace to rearm the country, theyremain vague on the actual stateof British rearmament at varioustimes. While they indicate thatlor a long time tne policy of ap¬peasement was approved byEnglishmen from all classes, theyremain unclear on the policies thatmight have been lotlowed by analternative Labour Government.Perhaps, more significantly, byconcentrating all their attentionon British diplomacy, they makethe French and tne Russians seemalmost passive spectators. It wasnot Britain alone which broke theplanes to bomb Spanish towns ^ French resolve to lightduring the Spanish Civil War were ]m_and France, unlike Bri-not signs that a new totalitarian ^ by speciu] meatyforce was arising to upset the pre¬vailing balance ol power butmerely obstacles to the desiredAnglo-German rapprochement. Hit¬ler’s attitude toward Englandalways retained a curious ambi¬valence—it involved both envy to defend the Czech frontiers. Itwas not the failure of British |x>l-iey alone which brought aboutthe HitJer-Stahn Pact of August,1939 and the consequent par.ilinn¬ing ot Poland, in its own way afar more callous act than any eviand respect—and he was clearly b chamberlain, loable to charm with his apparen. I Russia in 1K» may wellreasonableness the nnnKlooh syrn. an err0r on .he ,v« olpathetic Englishmen who visitedhim. Not until 1939 was an Englishambsasador exposed to one of theviolent harangues with which Hit¬ler had overawed the representa¬tives of Austria and Czechoslo¬vakia. But when Sir Nevile Hen- nllH’derson found himself shouting inreturn, he discovered—to his, andjierhaps Hitler’s, own surprise —that the Fuehrer calmed down.Yet even then the appropriatelesson was not drawrn; Hendersoncontinued to urge sweet reason¬ableness as the best policy, notbecause of fear but because any British and French statesmen, outthe authors seem unduly ingen¬uous in Ihe surprise they expressthat the Polish leaders ol 1939should have seen in Russia ash a threat lo their couniry sindependence as in Nazi Germany.Yet history surety proved themright.’Ihe editorial writers who ofreely toss about the word “ap¬peasement” in our day imply thathistorians can supply copybookto be applied Withoutfurther thought to the most corn-alternative might make Hitler plex situation The APPea^ con-angry and likely to do something tains no such xmiple ', ; ,rash. Numerous Englishmen, men the present, except perhaps thelike Vansittart, Duff Cooper, and truism that the mere'do ^Churchill, and even Henderson’s Peace is not suitiuentown predecessors at Berlin, had achievement. In its strei^ths,urged otherwise, but their advice its weaknesses, egenerally went unheeded. show- however, that Messi.. GUOne of the curious results of bert and Gott, as patriotic E W ■-this eagerness to look at Europe men, hold up a gher s *from Hitler’s point of view was of conduct and wisdomthat Englishmen statesmen re- leaders of their own iou , .gpeatedly anticipated his intentions, to those of others. Fer. 1 '.. b,“They privately offered the return is ultimately the most Ju"•“ ‘of some of Germany’s pre-World type of patriotism.War 1 colonies long before any Walter L. Arnsteiwformal request for negotiations on i>ra¬the subject had come. It seems Mr. Arnstein, Visiting Assoi mclear that Hitler much preferred fessor of History at North* ester*the “lost colonies” as plausible University, has published artishs i*grievances than as the economic The Journal of the History of Ideas,liabilities they had been before Victorian Studies, and Irish Histon-and would again prove to be. caf Studies. His book, The BradlaughOther Englishmen anticipated Hit- Case: A Study of Late Victorianler’s desire to annex Austria and Opinion and Politics, will be pub-the Sudetenland. While this sym- lisf,ed by the Clarendon Press earlypathy for the feelings of German „exf ycar.CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW, NOVEMBER 1, 1963 Pago 3QUARREL AMONG EDUCATORSTHE EDUCATION OP AMERf.CAN TEACHERS. JAMES BRY.ANT CON A NT. New York: Mc¬Graw-Hill. 288 pp. $5.00.The most recent addition tothe abundant literature ofteacher education comes froma distinguished figure on theAmerican scene. James B. Gmantformerly president of Harvard, hasturned his attention of Late toproblems of public education.Slums and Suburbs (1961), TheAmerican High School Today(1959), and Education in the JuniorHigh School (1960) are among hislatest books. Each has resultedfrom an intensive inquiry intosome aspect of the American edu¬cational enterprise. Each has beenwidely read and generally ac¬claimed, so much so that todaya speaker can get a sipecial hear¬ing for his remarks by simplyprefacing them with “Mr. Conantsays . . .In The Education of AmericanTeachers Mr. Conant addresseshimself to an extremely thornyproblem. The controversy overteacher education is typically viewed as a battle between “edu¬cationists’’ and “academic” pro¬fessors, in which the protagonistsin each camp have hurled chargeand countercharge. Mr. Conantdeals with this controversy, partic¬ularly in his first chapter entitled“A Quarrel Among Educators.”Neither side escapes his penetra¬ting criticism. Fortunately, how¬ever, Mr. Conant recognizes thatthe problem is far more complexthan this controversy would sug¬gest. He and his associates visitedseventy-seven teacher preparinginstitutions in twenty-two states.They interviewed state educationofficials in the capitals of the six¬teen most popular states. One getsthe impression that these experi¬ences have clearly put Mr. Conantin touch with a wide range ofproblems with which teacher edu¬cation is currently beset.In his final chapter Mr. Conantbrings together twenty-seven rec¬ommendations regarding the prep¬aration of teachers. Regrettably,many readers will no doubt attendto the recommendations withouttaking the time to read in earlier chapters the various argumentsthat are martialed to support them.To do this is distinctly unwise forthe reader and unfair to theauthor, whose rationale in supportof his conclusions is well thoughtout. This is not to say that all whoread the entire book will be in ac¬cord with Mr. Conant’s views, oreven with the arguments used tosupport them.A key proposal, for example,which will certainly generate de¬bate concerns the certification ofteachers. Mr. Conant urges thatstate certification requirements begreatly simplified. A candidate forcertification, he believes, should(1) have a baccalaureate degree,(2) present evidence of successfulperformance in a state-approvedprogram of practice teaching, and(3) possess an official statementfrom his college or university at¬testing the adequacy of his prep¬aration for teaching in a desig¬nated field or grade level. Anyonefamiliar with the diversity andcomplexity in present state certifi¬cation requirements will see in therecommendation a proposal of farEAccording to Tillich, the esse-n-tial nature of a being, or ib> fx>ten-tiality, defines what it ought to l»ein actuality. Man’s essential natureis finite freedom; man’s “destiny”is fulfilled if he actualizes his po¬tentiality, i.e., if he realizes fuutefreedom in existence. Man’s free¬dom. here, means that he is (es¬sentially) able to think and act outof a personal deciding center. Hecan grasp the world theoreticallyand shape it practically; becauseof his rationality he can separatehimself from the world, know it,and create new forms out of givenmaterial. His finiteness, however,means that he is limited. Not onlyis In., capacity to know limited, buthis being is itself limited—he mustdie As Professor Tillich puts i-t,man’s lieing is limited by non-being Man’s nature as finite free¬dom, however, is precarious. In hisfreedom, man is aware of his fi-ruteness, e g., of the fact that hemust die, and this awareness givesrise to anxiety. To allay this anx¬iety man attempts to deny or evadehis finiteness; he tries to makehimself into something he is not—he wants to be infinite freedom—and in this attempt he succeedsonly in disrupting the structure ofhis finiteness and tends to destroyhimself. He tends to destroy thatwhich makes him human, namely,las freedom, or his jiower of think¬ing and acting. In this sense, andto tlie degree to which it occurs,man is “estranged” from himself.His existence (what he actuallyis) contradicts his essence (whatlie ought to be). He is, in otherwords, split within himself. Andthis is what is meant by the phrase“the sickness of our being.” Weneed “salvation” in that we needto be “healed,” and this refers tothe .split between what we are andwli.it we ought to be.Nowr, any given human being en¬counters this split, or estrange¬ment, or sickness, not as some¬thing for which he is individuallyrest ions ible but as an already es¬tablished fact. He is, as it were,caught in it, or “enslaved” by it,in that it is already embodied inhuman history; estrangement isbuilt into the products of humanthought and action, e g., in theeconomic arrangements, politicalsystems, artistic expressions, andideologies in which every humanbesng participates. As Tillich statesit, estrangement is “fact” beforeift is “act.” This means that thereis an element of tragedy involvedin estrangement; the individual isestranged from himself apart fromany decision or act of his own.The iK>int here, then, is that thesplit between existence and es¬sence cannot be overcome from tliesituation of estrangement. In so faras estrangement prevails, man isenslaved; he has no power to ac¬tualize his potentiality, to !>ecomewhat lie ought to be. This is whatTillich means by “the evil one”and “the wall.” Becaos© of uni- XISTENCE AND ESSENT(continued from page 1)versal estrangement, there arestructural evils in history whichprevent man from actualizing hispotentiality. He is prevented frombecoming what he essentially is,namely, finite freedom.From this it follows, then, thatif man is to be saved, i.e., if thesplit between essence and exist¬ence is to lie overcome, the powerto do it must come from the otherside, that is, from essential struc¬tures of being rather than fromtlie disruption. Indeed, the fact thatsuch [lower is present is impliedwhen we describe estrangement asa negativity, as disruption of es¬sential structures. For if essentialstructures were not present atleast fragmentarily we could have,literally, nothing at all, and espe¬cially we could not have the ra¬tionality by which we are carryingon this discussion. Estrangementis thus an abstraction; it does notfully describe life and history. Lifeand history are a mixture of essen¬tial structures and their existentialdisruption, and this means thatsaving ixiwer as well as evil areembodied in actuality. This is how’Tillich cam say that “all liberating,all healing power comes from theother side of tlie wall.” It does notmean that there is a supernaturalBeing who intrudes now and theninto human affairs, but rather thatthere are essential structures man¬ifest in life and history which arethe power in which estrangementcan be overcome. Because of this“liberating” power we can struggleagainst historical manifestationsof estrangement; because of it wecan have some knowledge of whatwe ought to be and strive to trans¬form ourselves (and our society)accordingly. Salvation is the resto¬ration of man to himself, or the re¬union of existence with essence. Itis the actualization of finite free¬dom under the conditions of exist¬ence.Perhaps we can clarify mattersstill further by referring to a con¬crete example. In his early Reli¬gious Socialist writings, Tillich ar¬gued, with tlie help of Marxisteconomic analysis, that capitalismrepresents just such a “demonic”power. Whereas, according to thecriterion of man’s essential nature,finite freedom, each human beingought to be a self-determining per¬son in community with other self-determining persons, under capi¬talism this self-determination isnot and cannot lie actualized. In¬stead, human beings tend to bedehumanized—“thingified” — whilethings, i.e., the economic system,become dominant. This happens,according to tlie argument, becausethe system is unstable and becauseiit divides the community into con¬flicting social classes. In otherwords, for man to be truly human—finite freedom—he must be ableto creatively affect the conditionsof his life, and capitalism, behav¬ing according to its own inherentlaws, denies him tikis possibility. Thus the capitalist economic sys¬tem is a special manifestation ofestrangement: it embodies particu¬lar forms of destructive powerwhich prevent man from actualiz¬ing his potentiality; it represents aconcrete disruption of essentialstructures of being.But capitalism, the argumentcontinues, cannot, or does not,destroy man completely. There re¬mains the possibility that he canlearn about its destructive lawsand bring economic life under hiscontrol. Indeed, capitalism itselfthrough its developmental tenden¬cies, brings man to a point atwhich he can choose to change itinto something else or to modifyit so as to remove its dehumaniz¬ing effects. That is to say, becauseessential structures are present atleast fragmentarily in life and his¬tory—and within capitalism— wecan act creatively; we have thepower to grasp and shaiie econ¬omic life within these limits. Inthese early writings, Tillich be¬lieved that socialism was the wayto overcome this particular formof human self-estrangement, sinceit would remove the demonic-pos¬sessive features of capitalism. Un¬der socialist economic arrange¬ments, Tillich thought, man couldactualize—to a greater degree—his essential nature as finite free¬dom, i.e., as a thinking and actingperson. Of course, since such anargument entails technical econ¬omic information as it does notfollow necessarily from the theo¬logical viewpoint; moveover, sinceTillich has said very little on thissubject in recent years, we do notknow to what extent he adheres tothis analysis today. Its imjxirtancefor us in this context is that it il¬lustrates the significance of the ba¬sic scheme for concrete humanproblems. Salvation, in this case,is “liberation” from possession bydestructive economic laws as wellas “healing” the split betweenman as “thing" and man as self-determining person. Salvation ispossible, then, because essentialstructures are partially manifestin life and history.Back to the initial question: Canwe arrive at an understanding ofTillich’s thought by way of thesermons? Perhaps our immediateresponse should be tlie farmer’sanswer to the lost traveller, name¬ly, “You can’t get there fromhere!” A more helpful suggestionwould be to go by way of Spinoza,Kant, Hegel. Marx, and Schelling,if not all the way back to Aristotle.But if we have succeeded in show¬ing that there is more to Tillichthan is indicated in the sermons,and if the sermons can arousecuriosity, then we can concur inthe recommendation to start withthem.Clark KucKemanMr. Kucheman is an instructor in theDivinity School at the University ofChicago. reaching consequences. mester hours, will be dlsiributedSome movement in the direction approximately as Conant suggest**,suggested by Conant has been ap- It is quite likely that such patternsparent during the past few years, as he proposes could result in im-but no state has yet approached a proved teacher education. But theposition where it would be content conditions required for such im-to approve only the practice teach- provement go well beyond theing arrangements, leaving to the mere juggling of courses. Of thisvarious institutions tlie develop Mr- Conant is well aware. Hence,ment of programs of professional & Is all the more important thatpreparation leading up to the a reader look carefully at thepractice teaching experience. Many rationale he develops in order towill applaud the Conant proposals, see more clearl-v the implicationsespecially those who have little of ,1LS recommendations, both forsympathy with present state re- th<? academic and th« professionalquirements. They will include fac- Preparation of teachers,ulty and students who consistently A second difficulty arises becausedisparage courses in professional Conant has looked hard at the [>re-education, even though they assent, paration of teachers, but has hard-oftea reluctantly, to the require- lv looked at the extraordinarily com¬ment of practice teaching. Opposi- plex task of teaching itself. Theretion will come from those who will has been much effort to inquire in-say that to accept the proposals is to the nature of effective teaching,to open the door to poorly con- but there is still far too little agree-ceived programs of teacher educa- ment as to its components. Noittion upon which there will be no only is teaching a complex task,adequate check. These individuals but it varies considerably accord-will argue that in many colleges ing to the circumstances underand universities the preparation of which it must be performed. Theteachers can not fare well in the effectiveness of a beginning teach-hands of faculties whose interests er is often judged on criteria thatin teacher education represent at are quite different from those uponbest only a very marginal concern, which his effectiveness as a prac-Mr. Conant outlines what he re- tice teacher was judged,gards as desirable models for the Mr. Conant’s recommendationspreparation of elementary and for teacher education appear tosecondary school teachers, models assume that the characteristics ofwhich he hojies would be followed effective teaching are well knownby colleges and universities once and generally accepted. They arethey are freed to develop programs not. He seems also to assume thatthat do not have to be tailored to the teaching task, after makingpresent state requirements. In these appropriate allowances for differ-models he does not propose aban- ences in grade level of pupils anddonment of professional courses in in the subjects taught, is every-education, as many must have where much the same. It surelyhojied he would do. In the case of is not. To teach in a situationelementary school teachers he re- where the great majority of pupilscommends a full year of profes- are highly motivated in a varietysional preparation, while for sec- of ways to learn what the teacherondarv teachers the total amount is expected to teach is vastly dif-of professional preparation would ferent from teaching in a sif"ationbe somewhat less than the amount where the very reverse o^uains.generally required under present This particular difficulty is furthercertification practices. In all cases complicated by the fact that fewhe strongly supports well planned teacher training institutions, es-and appropriately supervised pro- pecially those whose students entergrams of practice teaching. teaching in the large metropolitanThe general principles ujxin areas, can accurately predict thewhich the Conant models are built circumstances under which theirseem sound enough, if one can graduates will lie teaching. I shouldaccept the assumptions upon which hke to have seen Mr. Conant s wis-the.v are apparently based. One can dom directed more explicitly to thereadily support, for example, the problem of training teachers mnotion that secondary teachers the light of the complex and variedshould be certified only upon evi- tasks which confront them ratherdence of thorough preparation in than primarily in terms of antheir respective teaching fields, optimum pattern of courses thatand that they should be certified will qualify them for a credential,to teach only those fields in which The Education of Americanthey are fully prepared. Similarly, Teachers is a thoughtful andthere can be little argument with thought-provoking work. Its recom-the idea that teachers in the upper mendations embody far more thangrades of the elementary school has been touched upon in this briefshould have a measure of specia- review. It would be fine if the cli-lization in some of the closely re- mate of opinion were such, thatlated subjects taught in those many, if not all, of Conant s re¬grades. Primary teachers clearly commendations would be not onlydo not need to have the depth in a applauded but tried. However, evensingle subject that is desirable for if they were fully and successfullyteachers in the later grades and in implemented next week. I suspecthigh school. a decade hence we would feel theAmong the difficulties I see with problems of teacher educationthe Conant models are two. The were still far from being resolved,first relates to the idea that suit- Kenneth J. Rehageable programs of teacher educa¬tion will be assured when the Mr. Rehage is a professor in the De-course ingredients of such pro- partment of Education at the Uni-grams, measured in terms of se- versify of Chicago.Letter from the EditorTO THE READERS:This is the first issue of the Chicago Literary Review, a ChicagoMaroon supplement, created to fill what we feci is a regrettable lackof a high caliber literary journal in the Chicago area. Although tin*Literary Review will not appear as often or on as large a scale asother similar publications, it will contain articles and reviews ofgreater length and depth than those of most literary supplements. Thereviews are to lie written by faculty members and students of theuniversities in the Chicago area.The Review was conceived as a fortnightly publication, but prob¬lems in obtaining books for review and attracting advertising supporthave caused us to plan more realistically for a monthly publication.In fact, the existence for the review and the hope we have for itsfuture is due in no small part to the University of Chicago Bookstore—Mr. Eugene Miller, the general manager, and Mrs. Beatrice Vedel.Were it not for their interest, energy, and encouragement, the ChicagoLiterary Review could not have come to fruition.The University of Chicago Press has also expressed much interestin the Review. Roger Shugg, director of the Press, has generouslyoffered to subsidize our second issue (as the Bookstore did the first).As for a third issue—we cannot tell. Perhaps after our initial pub¬lication we will be able to find the advertising we need to continue.Perhaps not. Therefore I invite anyone who is interested in this nobleendeavor with an unsure future to contact me at the Maroon.MARC R. COG ANEditorCHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW, NOVEMBER 1, 1963ON THE GREAT LITERARY 1IOAXi n/ / s v \ / » ////' 7 VC- gggplw; i?i orngrebi jgagreiftBl It; HR&fcfc^Mfee*'s:|, ' ; . . ■ ; :;r. .|>Pm e 'o l'li" jiiiii-ui 'luil ho ' i\«i!1\. * Mnii.il l*iiL't fijiiii i;^lii Ei un.mWiJ* /di araati-4, -onii-u su pi 10? *ppl Iixh n„,onvJnmi*- tl, i m^nuM l”A \% "t^i i \ in£,. »lo cm« i l»Yw hjMi m u ’i i s own ft iii ifiotl u iiit 1 lu ji 'i i'.■■■■■■' l|> hlMl> C 1 ;,Ultl^ till ?Jl I U1 /< 1* -‘’t ’%> .■ *Jk i i Yu * v , ■ tn*R>mefhudjM.iIlVlX'VpiteiilB litvf ft; ujj M«II !■;;[ikliic\oli flicv^tatYG )ol-?HH m^t it lit ion, and l> I'd lfinv’« 'u_Il 1 *w ,t> ill \ iniC„ \Tfu-1 u i itiii I i*'1 'i'i' */lH.,t n"d«»nV;ii >ni 11' n M< i \ u i i in'*■ ■ ■■. ■ - "". X . 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Torchiono<on'i xl.EE kEiiienjoinsfonn'd ,vi_ oi-Jthe. i-lIn jSg*ri>''8to^3M@opgalIconfinued on poge|7)CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW, NOVEMBER 1, 1963THE WELL-MANNERED CRITICEIGHT MODERN WRITERS. Slew- tion of history in an introduction, eight-fold repetition, with no de-0rt,J. I. M. Oxford: Clarendon Press, where we’re toid that we begin velopmemt, no drama, no indenta-1963. Pp. 704 I [*]. dle volume at 1880 with a move- tion or projections, no center or BOYS AND GIRLS# TOGETHERORLD OFWilson. Bos-Company. As in The Outsider, Wilson seemsfond of solving the world’s prob-any sometimes lovely and sly. for he's 272 PP- $3.95. lems by considering them solved,chronology (though not m the nge now that don t tell us the a crafty hand at sprinkling rais- When I was o-iven Colin or hy presenting the mere ghostsorder of publaoataon). It may be same-and as long as the effort ins in a pudding. , , , , 8 " . . of solutions The least satifvincnecessary to say that at the start of defining the precise nature of Even at its best that cultivated ^^sons latest novel — Ills * . ' * 13because 1 don’t think anyone could the science or rationalism is de- civilized mode is a fine flower third—I read swiftly through , g ,ut hJS book in not fheguess it; whatever this book is it ferred it doesn’t help anyone, that needs a mild breath and it and then broke into an un sloVen]y wnting’ but the sIovenlyisn't a history. Nor does Mr. Having given us the generality in some of these eight writers have ,, w . . thinking that Wilson expects us,Stewart pretend that it is, offering his introduction, Air. Stewart more than a bit of savagery in e ° alIg was publio, to swallow without pro-us in his title not ‘'modern liters- wisely ignores it when he comes them. It’s one of Mr. Stewart's not ,he sort of laughter Kingsley test But hjs pub]ic is not about toture” but, on the contrary, a dis- to his authors, so we can do the virtues that he knows that, sees it Amis usually provokes in me—for , .. . . .cretely indeterminate Eight same. Robert Bridges gets a and says it. He really doesn't the book was not meant to be fun- Wilson to return to thp liehf nnn-Modern Writers.” If he doesn’t small affectionate spanking in the like it thoush and Yeats and m- n<->v ,hr. , g 1 .... . 11 uiougm, ana itais ana ny, nor was it the sort of laughter sense of Admit in Soho or returnwant to write a history he needn t, introduction as a representative ot Joyce and Lawrence do make him caused bv re.,dino oassaees of Tan not at allbut it seems a little odd that he those artists of talent and sensi- uncomfortable at times, so that caused by readin passages of Ian noi at an.should get himself involved in, or bility “who do not really command he must dismiss their absurdities **emjn£ for the book is in noway THE GIRLS OP SLENDER MEANS,a masfurbatory fantasy. No, my Muriel Spark. New York: Alfred A.tempor;in a historical series he's stuck, history, seems to miss literary that trains the new hov or the ^ ' , V ." .. . ° E w T “* “ ., . ... - , ’ , . . ’ . . n,i uauis uie new Doy oi uic ]ems presented in this novel are tions, albeit a frequent one in thebecause he can t choose and shape history entirely* The lisn t a nisficr lor imneriial outdosps - - - trooin/i l i i 1 i « .1 . . ., . ., . . , j. . / ... JUI unpeiiidi purposes treated here as solved when only novel: the saint, the sinner, andhus material by tihe cheerful mis- lixed target for a writer to hit he can take in stride; not that one some sketch for an obviously un- the young man caught between theeeiiames of taste or fresh insights, or miss more or less successfully approves, not at all, but one can workable solution is in fact pre- two paths. While she is unable toLven it he is going to proceed by and score points accordingly. It s sce to the bottom of that sort of sented. milk this situation for as much asway of a chapter per author, he something he helps to make it thing. But the rage and lust of The novel slarts out with a basic Dostoyevsky did in Crime and Pun-sull has to select his authors by he s a maker. If Bridges were a an 0fd man, or a commodious improbability: Hugh Greene our ishment, she does give a freshsome pnmople. Mr. Stewarts great poet he wouldn't seem ir- vicus of recirculation, or the dark hero, is what is termed an’idiot treatment to a morality tale whichauthors are Hardy, James, Shaw, relevant to the age because our blood of gamekeepers — well, savant: a human machine for rapid dates to Doctor Faustus and before.Conrad, Kipling, Yeats, Joyce, idea of the age would be a dif- there’s no end to that sort of calculations. And given this ex- What’s more, we have a fine timeLawrence. Where did they come ferent thing. thing. traordinary phenomenon we are the reading, due largely to thefrom? from this volume f have All diese are problems Stewart At the back of the book there’s soon to learn that youn Hugh has author’s freshness of style,excluded living writers, ami have ge,bs himself into, unhappily, be- the apparatus that goes with the excellent taste, is extremely iniel- The scene for our modern mo-Uien attempted a record ot the oause he’s in a strange house. Oxford series. First a ehronologi- ligent, is a smooth if shy lover, ra]j(y piay js set a) tbe May ofeight who seem to me of unchal- They’re not what he wants and cal table, 1880-1941 in this instance, and, for lagniappe, is an excellent Teek Club in the London of* 1945lengeable importance in the per- he pushes them 0ff> like trouble- tlien a bibliography. The table pistol shot. That an idiot savant The Mav ’ of Teck as much ai<xi That s a Principle, but its -S<jnle puppies, as gently but as gives public events, birth and should be capable of learning even personality as its inhabitants them-iiot history. What period is Mr. finally as he can. What he wants death dates, events in literature mathematics outside of figure selves, was founded just before theStewart talking about? where does ^ write is “a volume that may and other arts, publications in w°rk much less be capable of all turn of the century “for thea begin? end? what makes it a serve ^ a companion to a first verse, prose, drama. It’s useful |hese ot^er human virtues is rather Pecuniary Convenience and Socialperiod ? How can you talk about fajrjy extensive reading” in these instructive, has also the fun of a ^credible, for the idiot savant is, Protection of Ladies of Slenderit without T. S. Eliot, who, tor audlors “The introductory chap- guessing game, and the unspoken * am ,c^d- capable of little other Means below the age of Thirtydefining the period, may well be merejy sketches in a general ironies of all chronicles. It hasmore important than any of the background in the light of this also its own dramatichosen eight, but who gets amputated because of longevity? Infact, as we read, Eliot keepsbreaking in, uneheerfully. Sodoes Pound—who was born in thesame year as Lawrence, come to than arithmetical manipulations. Years. wbo are obliged to residequality. When our uebermensch goes out apart from their Families in orderpurpose. Here lie’s at home and As: in 1904 Puccini wrote Madame lh<? world, he begins his inde- to follow an Occupation in Lon-jf there’s a pleasant whiff of an Butterfly, so the Japanese, with Pendent existence by rejecting cer- don.” One of the aspects of thisage other than modern in the oriental guile, or perhaps in con- tabl types people- He rejects his personality is the fourth floorcompanion-bit Mr. Stewart does fusion, went to war with the Rus- apparently normal work-mates be- lavatory window, seven inches byit well He's readable, clever, slans; the immediate result seems cause they are stup.d and wonder fourteen, through which those girlscivilized If you've done some to have been a Nobel prize for at Ins calculating ab.hly He makes who can scramble onto an adja-^ ^ *,v- w piui r/pf II vou vo (lone SOlTiO ui iidvo uet'ii tx iNLfuui . . ... . , ,ih it anH mn’t won riiy civiii/xu. n j' friends with a misanthropic aes- cent roo to take sunbaths,that, and who can t e'en be dis- reading in any one of these authors Pavlov. Chekhov died and wrote bim u..qualified by nationality: ot the and want 1o find Gut more and the Cherry Orchard, in that order, ’ , ‘ . *d f . Nicholas Farringdon, atheist,Eiglit, only Hardy was born in what it migh,t be nice to read which was very clever of him, but humanitv in"general (our hero has poei’ essayist- is introduced to theEngland and stayed there to do next> he-s most useful. He sum- it must have been another trying d from humanily in its gris of slender means by Janehis writing. Mr. Stewart is him- marizes and offers quotes with experience for Uie Russians and, particuiars _ human beings - but Wunght’ a at ,g’rl who works inself aware that he doesn't havemany Englishmen on his All-England side; “It is a fact oi that fine skiff which can get a all things considered, we are not thiV doesn’t worry himTbit). He what she calls “the worid of books”reader interested in reading some surprised to iind them in 1905 COnsiders himself far above the .,a.nc, 'V,.° ifSu 1>ai ,,c,rsf jpoem or novel he hasn t got starting mutiny on the Potemkin. erjmina]s with whom he makes , n,.y 1‘^gllI^,ejliterary history ot which we must amund lo yet lf you want opin- The usefulness of the bibliography conlact, but when approached by at hr^ by Sol,iaa Rf^wood, andmake what we can.” But he can’t ions that are neither dull standard is reduced by the eight-writers a gang Gf toughs, he draws his through the nights of that summermake anything of it, and we hear stulf yot inevitably right nor limitation, so there’s no general targot pistol and fires it at one they sleep togeuiei on tne adjacentstartling in their novelty, material. The individual biblio- Gf them, hoping to kill him. He roof’ wblch ^he; of coarse’ nuihtUie shoji If he never graphics are good, including some- fails to report his crime, and he reat'h thj?ugh. th? pos age's,a.nipeUs us something for which thing of the publishing history o( is „p, found out, but only by accf- ^ wnh^vartous lubrijmn, to. . r . ti.iinc ntn»r lzvctttDociy wun various iuui lcums iostuff, nor yot inevitably right nor limitation, so Uiere s no general target pistol „ ... — . . . , -no more of it, because he hasn't a,r.|in startling in their novelty, material. The individual biblio- Gf them, hoping to kill him. He rool\ w. cn sne,. oi course, mustgot a history. ^is Ls'He hasn’t got a criticism either, reaUy tellswhich is plain from hiu; solution We're enormously grateful, he's individual titles, major locations dent.of the problem of “unchallenge- always sensible. 1 myself find of manuscripts and a lot of sec- After all these noble adventures,able importance.” Nothing seems that the less 1 know about a work ondary items. Their length be- our bero js now ready lo reformeasier to challenge. (Really, now, or an author the more interesting comes a liability in those parts dle world. An eccentric uncle has are in the May ot Teck together,are we quite comfortable with Mr Stewart is; the more 1 know where discrimination of tHe value bequeathed him 20.000 pounds, as Nicholas can hear through the thinKipling's election to this pukka ^e' less impressive he becomes, of secondary items is lacking. w’ell as the problem of how he, the walls lhe voice of Joan-na Childelot?) But it isn't worth arguing „ f]atnes, in tbo as H you want lo buy a copy order uncle, kept himself mentally sound giving elocution lessons The holi-because there's no basis for argu- , ’SI L onc thing brtv^e it « »» English bookseller for during the years he spent, alone in ness and selflessness of her rcn.1-mcttt. "My inclusions and exclu- tnh i C,k i a whbfe Tlte « ^ »'« »>» h«r.. a dark room. The solution to this mgs-moslly Gerard Manley Hop-stons are best not defended: tot “‘v ',„^he histaietk ti’i ifot S,uart Tov* probl<,m ****** h,nled of ktos-pjorees Nicholas s heart a. , , . . , , . unity cant tx? nisxonoai, ns noi course although we may expect side effect of which Joanna is her-them be shot ^at by anybody who Hematic; there’s no particular Mr. Tare is author of a book. THE (hat c’o]in Wilson would consider self wholly unaware. The conflictis interested. Thais charming prob]cm that bothers the author; AMIABLE HLMORLST: A SI UDY l ath hi notice the idea that between purity and sensuality, onceand disarming and a 'porting here's no personal quality that IN THE COM t THEORY AND ^ perfecting a grand it tproposition, but its not cnUasm. dominates disperate materials. If TEENTH CENTURIES. He is pro- strategy for the game of chess, ensThere’s a dutiful, brief ami un- you read the book straight through fessor at the (jutrcrsity 0f No, Air. Wilson wishes us to be- ease the passage.Whenever Nicholas and Selinaconvincing gesture in tiie direc- there’s a shapless sameness, an Chicago. lieve that the uncle has tappedsome new source of mental power,which his mathematician-cum-phi-losopher will unearth and releaseto the world. His solution to theproblem of gang violence—that all takes effect, upon Nicholas, deep¬ens until a catastrophe—the details(continued on page 6)CHICAGO IN FICTIONChicago in Fiction” series will bereleased; James T. Farrell intro¬duces Artie (1896) and Pink MarshTHE GREAT MAHLKE iwurtl ‘nT'TuI Ben Hecht, Nelson Algren, JamesT. Farrell, and Saul Bellow willCAT AND MOUSE. Gunter Grass, im Mahlke. Mahlke is a strange, nally wins him a hero's decoration. law-abiding t'i'lizens ought to car^ ‘t.11'® u"ive';si'/ f.Z J t , .T ' ungainly boy with protruding ears, But the impetus of his compulsion wea to rot^ themselves- Chicago Press November 21-23, to/mi.: 1963 Translated by Ralph Man- is increased when, with the onset :njn launch the ‘Chicago in Fictionin PP. >5.95. a gigantic Adam s apple and a ^ h Adam’, apple de- strtet Jfolence as »^s *«<«• Hailed by critics as a greatr , . , , consuming passion which drives , ; . , .. , count that street violence las was ...In his second major work, him with an unflagging intensity, velops outs.zed proportions and em- practiced in cowboy movies) leads event in publishing, this sei>es willGermany’s most prominent His deeds inspire admiration in barrassing hvehncss- to more problems than the original rf!^ae outstanding books ol theyoung writer, Gunter Grass his classmates, but nagging be- Pi]cnz begins his story with a problem of teddy-boys. Wilson pre- o^ntemmrarU(born 1927) again sets bis wilderment as well in Pilenz. Pi- ^ene in which Mahlke lies sleep- fers to adopt solutions which ‘ deal anfr On Novemberstory in his native Danzig during lenz believes that Mahlke-who aad someone, perhaps Pilenz with” evil rather than one which nfst tbr’o volumes in thethe Nazi period. This time he has wanted to lx? a clown—needed ap- himself, sets^ the caretaker s cat eliminate it directly,chosen a more confining form, the plause for everything he did. ®n Mahlke s never sleeping Novelistically, The Violent WorldNovelle. Tlie story is told with Perhaps so, but his values in other mouse. Mahlke s desire to learn ijyjrh Greene is a shambles.much more simplicity than Tin respects differ greatly from those swim is at first stimulated by ]ncjdent piles upon incident with- nnw]s hv r„„r„. AdpDrum and with very little of that of the other boys: he does not the other boys description of the out lbe slightest evidence of a ’ Tftbn Passos introducesnovel’s rollicking, bawdy humor, chew sea-gull droppings with them, sunken Polish mine sweeper near struetured pl0t, and also without Th' noofi) hv Frank HarrisOne motif is taken over from the he does not wave when a subma- the harbor. Driven by the ianer tbe grandness and epic style of the , Nelson Alei-en intro-novel: a three year old boy with a rine appears, he does not clap urg0’ bf saon outstrips t e o eis so<.a]]ed plotless books of this ' L |)0rn (1921) a novel bvbn drum (is he Oskar?) appears when a war hero gives an inspir- in ablbjty to. swim 311 1V® decade. The characters, where " „ , (S5 95) The* series istwice in the Novelle. Tile prose is tag lecture. *> he *** » Kymnastics. At the ,hey are not types, are caricatures Hecht <»»•. ™ «vividly realistic and affords some It is easy enough to account for ?aI^e, tin^> J® make things eas- rea^ dce Hugb Greene himself „ ,,excellent glimpses of German Mahlke superficially. His father, a ier for his frenetic Adams appe merely several stereotypes v*schoolboy life. Ralph Manheim has railroad engineer, had sacrificed he hangs by turns various o jec s stuffe,d in,to one shell without pro- The presence of Hecht, Farrell,done an outstanding translation. himself to prevent his entire train ah°ut his neck; the screw rners ducblg a single, unified character. Algren, and Bellow to usher in theThe Novelle is narrated by Pil- from wrecking. Mahlke’s concern w'*h which he unfastens rus y The style?—well, the style isn t so series will recall that era when noenz (who is the same age, inci- that his father had died without treasures from the su merge part bad bld (he narrative is a bit too one would have dared call Chicagodentally, as Gunter Grass) and is extreme unction, his awe of the ^be S™P> mef*a 10ns onging jearned and humorless, and by his the Second City, t-hat booming turn-a reconstruction from his memo- posthumous medal form the basis to the farmer crew, co or u wooen bf(h book, one might expect that of-the-century time when writersries of the story of a classmate for his cult of the Virgin Mary P°mpon.s, a muffler fastened by a Wilson has learned to write better who came there changed the faceabout a year older than he, Joach- and for that compulsion which fi- (continued on page 6) than he in fact does. ol American literature.Page G CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW, NOVEMBER 1, 1963rung$ tfe. it* iWtlis armeilR worlcWearllerMiy'riiKl^l^Tfi^gy^ »1«MA'“ / \ ? i:'■RuvdSSeiioN»«Hubont«HAi»n*&;..-• . • ■■•■*?. ■ "-■mSmiirn^rx llansbur^s;pV-olumejtIml- r jinARK'IS(>N^FRANK;#PALI9GA.i*. 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Ftoa toto md m^am ac itoM, Mi Ml: to ■, ' ' ’ ■' 'V r-c^;Page ?CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW, NOVEMBER 1, 1963SENSE AND SENSIBILITYK FATHER AND SEASON, MichaelHamburger. New York: Alheneum: 64pp. $3.95. THE CITY OF SATIS-FACTIONS,Daniel Hoffman. NewYork: Oxford University Press; 71pp. $3.00. THE MOVING TARGET,H'. S. Merwin. New York: Atheneum:97 pp. $1.95. (paper)There seems to be a ten¬dency among new poets toengage in impressionism astheir dialectic fails. If theirargument is weak, or faulty, astream of consciousness appears:a catalogue of places, names,trees, sights—an assault on the in¬tellect by verbiage. Or, if not acatalogue, an assault by inference:i.he shock of t)he uncompletedsentence or the ambiguity of theunspecific and unexplained image.All calculated to effect a mood,and sometimes more.Messrs. Hamburger, Hoffmanand Merwin cannot truly be callednew poets—all are in their thirtiesand all have several books ofpoetry behind them—but all ofthem engage in this impression¬istic mode to some extent. Oneshould not call it an easy way out,but it is a chancey one: you can'talways be sure that it is goingto work.Michael Hamburger is perhapsthe wordiest of these poets, more willing to explain exactly what hemeans, more willing to relate thanto show. His poetry is solid, some¬times too solid, but he is toocareful ever to become verbose.He tells a story, or tells of ascene, with deliberation, and thestory always leads to a definiteconclusion which takes the formof a statement. In this respect beis not an “impressionistic poet”(although he indulges in impres¬sionism from time to time), forhe is a poet of statements, not ofmoods. The stories he tells areabout the world, and the peoplein it, and the way that they livein this world. He is not imper¬sonal, but he is the most publicof these three poets. He is a man,no more, and when he chooses towrite of arctic explorers or blindmen or old women he watchesthem and projects his commonmanhood onto them. No secret in¬sights, just personal surmise anda feeling that all men are thesame, and, eventually, have thesame set of choices to make anddirections to go.The “season” of the title is time.Not season the singular, but sea¬sons of the year, and the year asa cycle. For the world is regular,too, and if people live, or die, the world continues in a pattern ithas followed for so long that thepoet can count on if, and adjusthis life to it, and advise his sonaccording to it.Weather we may translate asclimate: the “climate of events.”Here the climate does not changeas the seasons do, but the climateis what determines the season. So,in “In a Cold Season” (perhapsthe most moving of the poems inthis volume) Mr. Hamburgerspeaks of Eichmann; and in“Omens,” the poet treats the mo¬ral problems of life in the nuclearage in terms of winter, and thewinter wind that kills.It would be unfair to say thatMichael Hamburger is opposed tothe modern world, but he definitelydoes not like it. The images ofcold and winter are too frequent tobe ignored: the world is deadly,impersonal, and constricting. Thus,from “Omens”:Amid such omensHow do we dare to liveBrashly building, begettingFor a town besieged. . . .Deeper I gulp cold air that nottoo suddenly kills,Greedily drink with my eyes thewinter sunshine and clouds,The old white horse in theSPECIALIZATION AND THE meadowGreen again after snow.Next year I shall see no meadow,no horse.And of Eichmann and the worldthat tried him:Shall he be left uncelebratedFor lack of resonant numberscalculatedTo denote your hero, and ourabstract age?And yet again, from “Tides”:No, wheels, grind on; seasons,repeat yourselves;Milk bottles, rattle; familiars,gabble ‘good morning’;Breed, hatch, digest your weedsand fishes, sea,Omit no beat, nor rise to tidalwaves.Mi-. Hamburger is the poet to de¬fend the individual and humanityas the only sources from whichgood may spring. In “Variationson an Infant Theme,” counsel forhis son, he concludes:Self-centered is the light bywhich you see,That makes you real, and realreality, Ripens your crops and measuresout your time:All seasons and all weathersmay that light approve.And finishes “In a Cold Season”:See man in him spare womanchild in himThough in the end he neithersaw nor spared —Peel off the husk for once andheed the grain,Plant it though he sowed noth¬ing poisoned growth;Dare break one word and wordsmay yet be whole.Daniel Hoffman's poetry is notthat of the common man, ratherthat of the self-conscious aesthete.It is concerned with the experienceof the individual, of the poet inall of his guises and all of hishumors. There is no indictment ofthe world but an investigation ofthe poet in the many facets of hischaracter.The City of Satisfactions, is di¬vided into five sections, significantbecause the character of the in¬quiry is radically different in each.The first places the individual, asa representative of other men, in(continued on page 8)QUIET VOICETHE hURMNG PERCH, Louis Macneice <New York: Oxford LlnirersityPress. 58 pp.. $3.75); THE SELECT¬ED POEMS OF JOHN MALCOLMBRINNIN (Boston: Little, Brownand Company, 182 pp., $4.75).Stephen Spender recentlyobserved that contemporarypoets have, in this age ofspecialization, followed theother specialists in concentratinggreater and greater attention onsmaller and smaller matters. Fol¬lowed to its logical conclusion, thisdirection might ultimately producean epic about nada. But modernpoets don’t seem inclined to writeepics, or even anti-epics. Some¬times, to the casual reader, theyseem to lack energy—energy toaffirm or energy to deny. Theycan say neither no nor yes inMelvillean thunder. Like modernman, the poets seem to be charac¬terized by a gray-flannelled cau¬tion, producing no crashing fail¬ures, attempting no soaring suc¬cesses. We look about in vainfor a contemporary Song of .My¬self, Waste Land, or The Bridge.We find instead poems about petflowers, flower shows, taxis, air¬ports, or other poets. We findpoetry of very high competence,even moments of brilliance, butno poetry of sustained flight. Inthe presence of this poetry one hasthe gloomy feeling that not muchhas been ventured—and not muchgained.But it is manifestly unfair todemand a melon when given aprune. Each fruit has its uniquequality, and must be judged onthe basis of its individual flavor.And, too, even a grain of sandor a leaf of grass can minister toa profound insight or transcendentvision, as William Blake and WaltWhitman have so persuasivelyshown.There is no reason in the worldto link Louis Maoneice and JohnMalcolm Brinnin, except theirbooks happen along at the samemoment in time. Macneice is anestablished minor poet, always as¬sociated with W. H. Auden andStephen Sjxjnder, but with some¬thing less than their visibility.This new, slender volume will notradically change his position, what¬ever it is, in contemporary poetry.His is a quiet voice, conversation¬al, speaking the language ofeveryday speech, directing atten¬tion to those small moments ofdaily life that might otherwise gounnoticed—moments well worth asecond, less distracted, more per¬sonal look.Out of the thirty-six poems inMacneice’s volume, I found sev¬eral that interested me but onlytwo that made strong impact(Emily Dickinson said she couldtell that she was in the presenceof poeti-y when she felt physicallyas if the top otf her head were token off). In “The Suicide,” aguide conducts a curious group(including the reader) through theoffice of a man who has justleaped to his death. The matter-of-fact delivery of the familiarspiel underscores the horror,peculiarly modern in tone:And this, ladies and gentlemen,Who I am not in factConducting, was his office allThose minutes ago,This man you never hear of.There are the billsIn the intray, the ash in theAshtray, the gray memorandaStacked against him, the serriedRanks of the box-files, thePacked jury of his unansweredCorrespondence nodding underThe paperweight in the breezeFrom die window by which heLeft. . . .The anonymity, the meaningless,pretentious clutter of the modernoffice, the passing curiosity of theassembled crowd—all of this is achilling reminder of the inconse-quentiality of external life, a reve¬lation of the despair that peershyena-like out from behind thesucculent, leafy "success” of themodern organization man.In "Birthright,” there is alsothe suggestion of defeat and des¬pair, but the meter, the punning,and the wit all conspire to providea rolicking undertone ol' accept¬ance, not to say defiance, of fate:When 1 was born the rowbegan,1 had never asked to be a man;They never asked if 1 couldrideBut shouted at me ‘Comeoutside!’,Then hauled the rearing beastalongAnd said: ‘Your charger,right or wrong.’His ears went back and sodid I,1 said ’To mount him meansto die’,They said ‘Of course’; thenightmare neighedAnd I felt foolish and afraid.The sun came up, my feetstuck fast,The minutes, hours, and yearswent past,More chances missed than Icould count,The stable boys cried: ‘Timeto mount!’My jaw dropped and I ga|>edfrom drouth:My gift horse looked me inthe mouth.John Malcolm Brinnin is bestknown not for his poetry but forhis sensational “memoir,” DylanThomas in America, a sordid his¬tory of America’s exploitation ofthe Welsh Poet’s weaknesses thatled to his senseless death. Brin-nin has published volumes ofverse before, and he has appeared in all the right little magazines.But this ambitious volume of Col¬lected Poems suggests that he isstriking out for full-dress assess¬ment. Whether he will achieve itis open to question. In spite ofthe fact that America has recentlylost some major poetic voices —Robert Frost, William Carlos Wil¬liams, Wallace Stevens, TheodoreRoethke — their chairs remainvacant, and seem destined to re¬main so for a time.Just how those vacant chairswill be filled is worth some seriousresearch — but more sociologicalthan poetic. Someday someonewill write a book on the influenceof anthologies on poetic reputa¬tions, and we will then know howLouis Untermeyer and his succes¬sive collections of modern poetryhave largely established the canonof modern poets and poems. JohnMalcolm Brinnin does not appearin Umtermeyer’s anthology. Butunlike other poets that Unter¬meyer passes over, Brinnin hasmade his own anthologies, one acollege text, another a trade book.It is not surprising to discoverthan Brinnin does turn up in theseanthologies. In Modern Poetry(1951), Brinnin includes his longpoem, "The Worm in the WhirlingCross”; in The Modem Poets(1963), he includes “Hotel Para-diso e Commerciale” and “Nunsat Eve.”These titles suggest, perhaps,something of Brinnin’s evalua¬tion of his own work. And theyturn out to be poems that attractattention in the collection. Thereader who oomes to Brinnin’spoetry in the expectation that itmight contain some of the vib¬rancy and vitality of DylanThomas will be disappointed. Butthe ambitious “Worm in the Whirl¬ing Cross” is reminiscent ofThomas’s playfulness with lan¬guage and even his imagery (es¬pecially that worm in the title).What Brinnin Is getting at willtake some digging—'but this longpoem is a sustained and defiaintassertion of man's physicality:Host to the worm who'llEntertain my clay,I face my love’s child onThe face of earth . . .Like Thomas, Brinnin mixes instartling combination sexual andreligious imagery, and he fre¬quently relies on image sequencesrather than conventional syntaxto convey his primary meanings.If Brinnin sometimes soundslike Thomas, especially in theearly work, at other times hesounds like Auden, particularly inthe later poems. In “Hotel Para-diso e Commerciale” he finds him¬self seeking out a masterpiece insome forgotten Italian hill town—How old am I?What’s missing here? What do these people feed on, that won’tfeed on them? This town needsscrolls, celestial delegations,a swoon of virgins, apostles inapple green, a landscape ridingon a holy shoulder.In “Flight 539” he catches thebewilderment of transoceanicflight—Five hours that 1 fattenedon in coming overdrop off at once. I know thetime, but what time is it?I light a cigarette offScotland and crush the buttsome eighty miles at sea.Here die early tension and in-KOM ANTIC(continued from poge 4)Which says with verbiage (why,for example, the word “inevitable”when “inexorable” does all thenecessary work?) that most of usenjoy living, if “enjoy” is not tooactive and precise a word. The en¬tire passage is much more dainty(the hesitation to say “ecstasies”),much more precious than that.Wheelock prefers the vagueness ofwords and terms like “magical,”“fantasy,” “the huge spectacle ofbeing” etc. And no one would be¬lieve for a moment that Wheelock,who sees tiny trembling leaves andthe rest, could tell us the leastthing about poetic pain and ec¬stasy.When Wheelock isn’t spinningout his own woolly prose, he callson some famous person to givethe fabric color with his wisewords. Some of these stars he al¬lows to speak their own lines inbit-parts. Swinburne appears to an¬nounce that Poe is “the only sing¬ing voice amid the numerous corn¬crakes of American literature,”then disappears < he’ll be back la¬ter) to be followed by Wagner’scontribution to the criticism ofmodern poetry, “Nothing is lack¬ing except talent.” T. E. Hulmecomes in -near the end of the bookto moan, “Man is but a wretchedcreature,” and having taken thewords right out of Wheelock’smouth, vanishes like the rest. Theremainder of this cast of thousands,some of whom must bear Wheel¬ock’s reshaping of their lines, in¬cludes Marianne Moore, Sir IsaacNewton, Freud and Frost, Niebuhr,Victor Hugo and Karl Shapiro,Einstein (whose line is “E equalsmc2”), Dante, Puskin, Nietzsche,and a host of others, all wondrous-ly packed into these scant one-hundred - and - twenty - eight large-type pages!Wheelock is wretchedly simple-minded on the moral aspect of po¬etry, which is probably its centerand most fruitful for careful ex¬ploration. He takes the idea de¬veloped by poets from Sidney toShelley that poetry ought to teachvirtue through pleasure and re- tensity art missing, and in theirplace are a slightly sardonicaccent and a relaxed, casual tone.Although John Malcolm Brinninis not likely to occupy one ofthose vacant chairs, the order ofhis achievement is surely greatenough to award him a place inanthologies other than his own.Jomes E. Miller, Jr.Mr. Miller is the author of books onScott Fit; gerald, Walt Whitman,Herman Melville, co-author <withKarl Shapiro and Bernice Slote) ofStart with the Sun, and editor of thejournal, College English. He is pro¬fessor of English at the Universityof Chicago.CRITICISMturns if with overtones of Polly-anna. All men are born, he says,(hey live and die; this commonexperience makes us brothers. Butthere’s The Bomb, you know, andif we don’t soon straighten up andwrite some decent poetry, some¬one’s going to push the button. De¬cent poetry has form and rhyme;most of it was written before Eliot.It’s none of your free verse, yourpessimism, your gloomy doom-crying about the evil in man. Man’sa noble creature. Just consider:we’ve come a long way morallysince we used to bash in one an¬other’s heads with clubs; give mananother ten thousand years andGod knows what he woll be able todo! As for poets like Swift, theycan go hang, Truth too. for thatmatter. We’re all one, come raincome shine, and poetry, as soon asrescued from the false practition¬ers, will begin again to show it.It’s decent poetry—decent poetryand optimism—that’s going to keepus from killing one another.Do you think 1 exaggerate? Lis¬ten.We have now reached a stagein history where recognition ofthis oneness becomes impera¬tive. Man’s cleverness has fi¬nally caught up with him. Itis a truism that survival nowdepends on something muchgreater than cleverness: uponmutual good will, charity andco-operation, upon completeand effective realization thatwe are one.And there you have it. The Saviourof the World—togetherness.It appears that Wheelock has nota single worth-while idea of hisown. Most of the book consists ofgeneralizations without their quali¬fications belonging to other people;the tone derives indirectly fromPeale and Bishop Sheen. What re¬mains is Shelley and water witha twist of Jung. It this is all thereis to poetry, every last one of ushas been wasting his time.Carl EricksonMr. Erickson is a fourth year studentof English in the College.Page 8 CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW, NOVEMBER 1, 1963i'OR A WARLESS WORLD(continued from page ])is an empirical matter. Conse¬quently, the question of the re-spective truth values of the re¬spective beliefs still remains as adistinct question; it is not ans¬wered by calling attention to their“mirroring” relationship.Moreover, X’s images may bethe consequence ot relatively wideaccess to facts presented by amultiplicity of news-gatheringagencies and opinion sources notcontrolled by governmental author¬ities, while Y 's images may bethe consequence of unremittingindoctrination by a totalitariangovernment's monopoly of newsgathering and news presentation.In such a case, to rest contentwith calling attention to the mir¬ror-image relationship by itself,without inquiring into the truthand source of the respective im¬ages, is a drastic over-simplifica¬tion oi the issues.In raising these objections toOsgood's psychological analyses,I am by no means trying to sug¬gest that the Soviets today areanywhere nearly as evil as werethe Nazis, nor am I ignoring thewelcome signs ol thaw7 in the in¬ternal Soviet regime. Moreover,I am not trying to deny the pastand present existence among us ofNeanderthals whose attitudes andpolicies are justifiably feared bythe Russians. It is true and im¬portant to indicate the similaritiesbetween our Birchers and McCar-thyites and the Russians’ Stalin¬ists. Even to ask questions likethose above may raise the sus¬picion that I am myself simplyreflecting the same “mentality”which w7ould lead my Russiancounterpart to make similarcharges about the United States.However, to stop at such mutualpossibilism is very inadequate. Itis to imply that in the socio-politi¬cal sphere there is no way of dis¬tinguishing between fact and dis¬tortion, even in a relative sense.But it this is so, then the factsalleged by Osgood about mirrorimages themselves must be equal¬ly suspect. When Soviet studentsof society are as free as Americanones are to point out the Neander¬thal mentality characteristic ofttieir own peoples and presentrulers and to emphasize the mir¬ror-image phenomenon as it ap¬plies to themselves even at thehighest level, the differences I havebeen emphasizing will in largepart have disappeared. Until then,the question I have raised aboutOsgood’s procedure seems to meto be valid.The reason I have gone intothis matter in such detail is this.To make one's analyses rest onpsychological variables alone asOsgood seems to do, is insuffi¬cient, for as such it does not takeTHE RISE OE THE WEST: AHISTORY OF THE HUMAN COM¬MUNITY, William II. McNeill. Chi-cago: University of Chicago Press.SI 2.50.In presenting this monu¬mental panorama of humancultures from the remotestantiquity to the present, theauthor has chosen an epigraphthat goes “I seek to understand,and it I can. to justify the ways ofman to man.” Man being what heis. it is plain that such an aim isfar bolder and more difficult ofachievement than Pope's “Laughwhere we must, be candid wherewe can. but vindicate the ways ofGod to man.” It would seem thatthe release of laughter is nowadaysan inadmissible resjxanse, espe¬cially in works of history, and thisone is serious throughout. But can¬did it certainly is, not only becauseof an enormous fund of footnotecitations in support of the author’stext but also of the constant proofsthat he has read the wrorks cited,weighed them up and honestlymade judgments of varying de¬grees of conclusion. As far as vin¬dicating or justifying are con¬cerned, Mr. McNeill is more mod¬est than Mr. Pope: lie apix>als forthe attempt, but his learning andhonesty tend to support tlie truththat history is indeed wdiat theignorant think is the easiest of account of historical and institu¬tional truths which strongly af¬fect the whole problem. Thus Os¬good dismisses with only thebriefest mention questions likethese; to w'hat extent is Khrush¬chev’s Russia different from Stal¬in’s?; to what extent does theexistence ot captive nations be¬hind the Iron Curtain justify ourfears and suspicions?; to whatextent does the persistence of aone-party dictatorship in the SovietUnion, with its ability to controisources of information for thepeople at large, make it difficultfor rational consideration of facts,as against dogmatic adherence toideology, to influence Sovietpolicies? Now these are not onlypsychological questions, they arealso questions about objectivepolicies and political structures,which cannot be reduced to orequated with psychological ques¬tions. Nevertheless, these ques¬tions are important for the issueot peaceful coexistence and theprevention of w'ar, for they bearon the extent to which we mayexpect both reciprocation ol speci¬fic moves initiated by us andabstention from future war-in¬ducing moves by the Soviets. (Thisis not to deny that parallel ques¬tions are relevant to our ownpolicies).Within these limitations, bookslike Osgood's must be welcomedas valuable attempts to clear theair and promote the indispensablequest lor solutions. If his em¬phasis on the need for removingthe psychological aspects ol mutualfear and distrust is not the wholetruth in this area, it is certainlyan important part ot what mustbe done.The other book listed at thebeginning ol this review is oi aquite different kind. It containsa series ot eleven lectures deliv¬ered at Johns Hopkins Universityby present ami former membersol the faculty there. In these lec¬tures various facts relevant to theproblem of-world disarmament arepresented in some detail. Thereare separate lectures on the de¬structive capacities of nuclearweapons on their biological ef¬fects, on chemical and biologicalwarfare, on psychological aspectsof the disarmament problem, oneconomic effects of arms control,on American ami Soviet policiesin regard to disarmament, on the“China factor,” on "nuclear pacif¬ism.”The trouble with this book is theopposite of that of the Osgoodvolume. There is an immense ar¬ray of fads, useful as far as theygo; but as to what, if anything,should be our specific policies inthe light of these facts, very little is said. like the autliors of theSunday news summaries in theNew York Times, the writers keepa stiff upper lip as they go throughthe data derived from their re¬spective specialists; but they letit go at that. Perhaps they shouldhave gotten some philosophers andsociologists on their lecture list.There are two partial exceptionsto these strictures. Jerome D.Frank, discussing “psychologicalaspects of the disarmament |>rob-lem,” gives us a small-scale ver¬sion of Osgood's volume. It isinteresting bo note that both in hisspecific analyses and in his sug¬gestions for solutions, Frank ismuch like Osgood. (Is there anoccupational determinism operat-ing here?)In the last essay in the book,entitled “Nuclear Pacifism; SomeReflections on the Community ofFear,” Robert W. Tucker makessome pertinent remarks on thedistinction betw’een absolute andrelative pacifism. He points outsome of the many kinds of fact¬ual complexities which stand inthe way of a position of nuclearpacifism. The difficulty here issimilar to that faced by Osgood;that of reciprocal disarmament.I susjject that Tucker is on sounderground than Osgood in focussingon the direct need for reciprocaldisarmament in the nuclear sphereitself.What, then, does all this add upto? And where do we go fromhere? Continued and increasednegotiation and communication,in all possible phases, seem to of¬fer the best hope for the future.If Soviet development maintainsits present liberalizing tendency,we may gradually be able to ap¬proach the other pressing problemsof the world, especially those ofeconomic underdevelopment, in away that distinguishes questionsol the Communist threat fromquestions of economic need. Wemay even be able to cooperatewith the Russians in raising econ¬omic levels in many parts of theworld. But, as is emphasized bythe recent right-wing militaryrevolutions in countries belongingto the “Alliance for Progress,"the question of economic develop¬ment requires consideration notonly of economic and psychologi¬cal factors, but also of politicalmeans and political controls.Alan GewirthMr. Gewirth is professor of philos¬ophy at the University of Chicago.He is author of "Marsilius of Padua"and ”Medieval Political Philosophy,”translator of Marsilius’ "DefensorPads,” and co-author of ’’So. ial Jus¬tice” and "The Forward Movementof the Fourteenth Century.” He is cur-renty u or king on two hooks on therational foundations of ethics andpolitics. SENSE AND SENSIBILITY(continued from page 71the face of unsurmountabtes: prob- The poet is forced, in this dream-ierns of direction, of eommunica- like world, to grapple with ghoststion, of death. The second is a kind and the struggle forces him intoof travelogue: the poet observes the depths of his consciousness,the strange dance of life around W. S. Merwin’s book of jxxHryhim (and not without humor). The is far and away the most ambi-third section reveals the man tious of the lot. Longer and morealone, forced to create a new man experimental than either of thein reaction to hostile or distasteful other two, it resembles each iasurroundings. The fourth takes the turn, transcends each, and, finally,poet into his own consciousness fails where the others succeed, ifand makes him find his direction only in part. It resembles Weatherand landmarks. The fifth section and Season in its social conscious-is a collection of songs investigat- ness: these are songs of protesting poetry, searching, love and against a world which is hypo-life. critical and unfeeling, a worldMr. Hoffman is more daring with no room for identity or love,than Mr. Hamburger is. For one It resembles The City of Satisfac-thing his poetry is seemingly bet- tions in its self-consciousness, itster educated: mythological and so- surrealism and its imiiressionisticcietal allusions abound. For an- technique. It transcends the for-other he is not averse to trying mer in its intensity: no longertile tour de force, and Ihis is dialectical, these |x>ems are thewhere the technique of impression- cries of very bitter and torturedism actually enters. From a poem people; it transcends the latter byin the second section, “Vezeluy making the entire volume a tourde force situated wholly within aHeaven'sobsidian light pours downon the joyous Doomsdayof Christ and the creaturesthe zodiac of vintnersthe sacrifice of oxenthe dogheaded devilspeoples ot the earth. surrealistic universe. The book asa whole fails, though, because, inhis intensity, the poet loses hissense of proportion.There are, roughly, three kindsRider.” Without orientation, amiaphoristic poems which generallyfail because of preciosity (inser¬tion of tag lines or cliches); theIn sections like this we will find poems of the first two-thirds ofthe rapid catalogue oi sights, iin- the book (there is no other waypressions, phrases, unusual ad- to describe them); and the poemsjectives, symbols and barrages ot ol the final part ol the book, whichverbs of action. The juxtaposition deal with the same subjects asis intended to create a feeling, and the preceding ones, but in whichit does. But it does not make the impressionism reaches its fullestpoem any more successful because statement, in an unpunctuated,the feeling or mood is built by the frenzied, stream of consciousnessoverflowing of sensory impression, verse.And, as in real life, this tends to In this world the sometime sur-distort rather clarify a particular reality of The City of Satisfactionsemotion; and, therefore, to con- is the status quo. Both in the realfuse rather than to elucidate the world and in the soul we can neverpoet's meaning. see more than disoriented and dis-In one case this technique is embodied shadows. In a poem en-adapied, and adapted particularly titled “Air” the ix>et describes hiswell: in the fourth, and strongest, position: “This must be what Isection ot the book. Rapid sensa- w'anted to be doing,/ Walking attions, quick, almost jerky, changes night be! ween the two deserts./in points of view, an unclear pic- Singing.” In “Now and Again” theture of the territory? Fine. For state ot the individual;this is the universe of the fourthsection. The poet is in a surrealisticlandscape, where there are no dis¬tinct referents, and where he him¬self cannot see all of this world.He can see only fragments whichrush past as through a mist. Thereare some very powerful j>oems inthis part of the book, particularly“The City of Satisfactions,” “The You would think we could keepour thoughtsOn the eyes of the living,Those refugees,Webs without spiders, needswithout choice.Lakes behind grids but withoutmaj>sInto which nothing keeps drop¬ping like a stone.Line, A Deliverance and The And in “Second Sight,” the studGreat Horse Strode Without a Gf tbe world:Rider.” Without orentation, andhalf-blind, the tx>et is forced Intothe painful contemplation andmanipulation of small things whichhave suddenly become abstract.The sole way out is through theslow and tortuous comprehensionof these familiar things run amok.THE RISE OF THE WESTstudies.It was perhaps inevitable thatthe author, being only human,should succumb to the temptationof calling his work The Rise of theWest, since the major forces work¬ing in the world today are of west¬ern origin, and Spengler, thoughnot entirely discredited, can beregarded as both limited in per¬spective and a captive of narrowpessimism. The triumph, ratherthan rise, of The West dates onlyfrom the sixteenth century, andthe author says as much, but heis compelled by the realities im¬plied in his subtitle, A History ofthe Human Community, fo devote562 pages of his 807 to the yearsbefore the “Expansion of Europe.”There is great logic in such an ap-jiorlionment, granting the chiefthesis that there was such a thingas a human community before1500 and that it existed in w'hatthe author terms “The EurasianEcumene,” within which the mem¬ber communities acted and inter¬acted. Orosius and Herodotus be¬fore him and many men sincehave pondered the question of Eastand west, but it has been left tothe most naive of modern globalhistorians to assert the dogmafound on a flap of this book’sjacket that . . the cultures ofmankind had imjx>rtattt interrela¬ tions at every stage of their his¬tory.” It is to Mr. McNeill's creditthat no such simple conclusioncan be drawn from what lie saysbetween the boards of his book.The interrelations were importantand unimportant, usually sporadic,and included long years of isola¬tion and rejection of foreign influ¬ence in one community or another.Certainly, it is important for “thehistorically literate, adult public ofthe Western world,” to w’hich thisbook is addressed to know the his¬tory of non-w'estern people, but thefact is that foreiginness is still avital factor in the dissensionsamong the members of the humancommunity.The pitfalls of w'orld history aremany, but perhaps the deepest isthe conviction that understandingthe other fellow being will inevi¬tably lead to peace everlasting.This vast simplification ignores thefact that some of the bloodiestwars ever fought have been be¬tween peoples who not only un¬derstood but even loved the cultureof the men that they were intentupon killing. We are told that Ger¬man officers wept when they or¬dered the guns turned on the cath¬edral of Rheims, but it was asmuch a wicked necessity of thewhole enterprise of W'ar as thelater destruction of the Abbey ofMonteeassino — no matter how much good had stemmed from theother enterprise of St. Benedict. It’s the oid Story,Every morning something dif¬ferent is real. . . .This time the dials have comewith the hands andSuddenly I wras never here be¬fore.Oh dust, oh dust, progressIs being made.There are continual references tobegging (for love, for direction),to clocks, calendars, and hours al¬though time, in these poems, ispermanently suspended, to dice,Professor McNeill’s pervasive sort and to map-makers who never ap-of pessimistic optimism saves him Pear. Everything in this world isbroken or deformed—clocks, buildfrom the pitfall of exaggerated ex¬pectations based on understanding.His view is not quite as black asit was some ten years ago, when ings, people. The effect is stagger¬ing and never eased, but still the[wems fail.They fail because Mr. Merw.’nin his Past and Future he unblink- takes unfair advantage of this uni-i/igly faced the possibility that last- verse in two ways. The first ising peace could come only after a that in this universe many won-devastating third world w'ar. but drous but not unexpected thingshe is still not committed to the take place: objects speak and evencommonest panacea of world or abstractions such as hope, ignor-global historians. He is not afraid ance, and emptiness take on per-lo admit the reality of “evil men sonalities. But then we are ex-and crass vices,” nor to believe— peeled to believe that they haveon the basis of historical experi- specific characteristics that canonce—that come what may, cour- be manipulated and universallyage is the gieat virtue. He is understood. And we cannot doclearly opposed to what Orwell thal< In the same way the im-once called the “sluttish antinom- presSionism - particularly in thelanism of our times which figura- ^ in the back Gf the book,in which we are given only frag¬ments of sentences and thoughts—tively or actually leads despairingmen to crawl into bed with a bot¬tle of pernod. For him, ours is oneof the heroic ages, and he wouldpresumably agree that man willprevail and also apply to all men intrudes and confuses. There arepyrotechnics and quite a bit olraw force in these poems, but no(he famous retort ‘Some chicken, direction and nothing to anchorsome neck!” them to our world. Thus, we have,no choice but to disbelieve, al-George T. Romani though perhaps somewhat shaken.Mr. Romani is associate professor of | M Friedmanhistory at Northwestern University.He is the author of THE NEAPOLI- Mr. Friedman is a third year studentTAN REVOLUTION OF 1820-21. in English at the College.