They FindFacts* • *Quincy Wright |“It is the state of mind of a publicthat is primarily responsible for theoutbreak of war ... .“Economic factors undoubtedlyhave an influence but this is indirect.Efforts to prove a direct correlationbetween changes in population, meth¬ods of production, or economic or¬ganization and the occurrence of warhave not been very successful. Econ¬omic changes may produce effects onpublic opinion quite different from.vhat the economist thinks they oughtto produce.”Only two paragraphs . . . but thosetwo paragraphs, spoken this week byQuincy Wright, professor of Interna¬tional Law, are based on a 12-yearstudy of the “Causes of War.”QUINCY WRIGHTIn 1927, the social sciences facultyinitiated a project which was devel¬oped into a proposal for more than100 concrete studies. The project, ofwhich Professor Wright w’as and isthe head, was a study of war in allits important aspects, psychological,political, historical, economic, etc. Sofar, more than BO studies have beenmade by faculty members and stu¬dents of the various social science de¬partments.* * «The published results of these re¬searches include, besides numerousmagazine articles, “War and Diplo¬macy in the French Republic,” byFrederick Schuman; “War and Diplo¬macy in the Japanese Empire,” byTatsuji Takeuchi; “War and the Pri¬vate Investor,” by Eugene Staley;“World Politics and Personal Inse¬curity,” by Harold D. Lasswell; and“The Causes of War and Conditionsof Peace,” by Quincy Wright.Wright is at present writing thegeneral conclusions from these stud¬ies. which he hopes to finish by theend of this year. The book will in¬clude, first, an historical approach,tracing the history of warfare fromthat of animals and primitive men tothat of the present day in an effortto find the different circumstancesthat have lead to war; second, ananalysis of the present world situa¬tion to distinguish and define certainfactors which appear to influence warand peace; and, third, the suggestionof some practical measures to be ap¬plied to reduce the frequency anddestructiveness of war.* * *The most fruitful of the studieshave been those of public opinion andthe factors which produce it. “Warcomes primarily from a state of mindwhich may be induced by numerousconditions, economic, legal, religious,etc.,” Wright explained.Ideologies, such as the modern re¬ligions of fascism and communism,have perhaps the most significant in¬fluence on the state of mind of theliublic. The general welfare of thepopulation is also important in thatit affects their vulnerability to propa¬ganda. People who are depressed anddiscontented are more likely to acceptideologies involving violence.* * *“The problem of war cannot besharply distinguished from the condi¬tions of peace, “Professor Wright de¬clared. “The concentration of themeans of influencing public opinionand the control of physical arma¬ments in the hands of national gov¬ernments are today major factorstending toward war. The allocation ofat least some of this military andepinion-forming power to the worldcommunity and to lesser private andpublic organizations within the state(Continuedl on page 2) w Baflp ilUiroonVol. 39, No. 58. Z-149 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 25, 1939 Price Three CentsGilbertPlays forInter-ClubFormal Danco Set forFebruary 3 at VassarHouse.Inter-Club will hold its annual for¬mal Friday, February 3, from 10 to2 in Vassar House, where it has beenheld for the past five years. Jack Gil¬bert’s orchestra will provide the mu¬sic.Inter-Club formal is open only toclub members or club alumni andtheir dates. However, outstandingnon-club women have been invitedthis year. Approximately 350 couplesare expected.Faraday Benedict, Quadrangler, ischairman of the committee arrangingthe dance. Working with her are Peg¬gy Huckins, Phi Beta Delta, JaneMorris, Sigma, and Ardis Manney,Wyvern. They will have charge ofselling tickets and arranging forclub tables. There will be no floorshow, but Vas.sar House bar andrestaurant will be open.Vassar House is known as the idealplace for club women to look theirloveliest. There is a fountain in themiddle, marble steps to dance up anddown on, and pillars to lean against.It is located on the corner of Michi¬gan and Ohio in the Diana Courtbuilding.The formal is one of the highlightsof the winter social season. It differsfrom the I-F Ball only in the absenceof a name band and the more limitednumbers.Newly-pledged club sisters get theirfirst chance to enjoy the advantagesof club life. The price of the bidshas not yet been settled.PU MeetsFebruary 1;Hear RogersUnion to Consider NewPlan of Organiza¬tion.The date of the next PoliticalUnion meeting, at which Donald De-Witt Rogers will speak and theUnion will consider a new plan oforganization, has been set for Feb¬ruary 1, Ned Fritz, chairman, an¬nounced yesterday. The Union con¬venes at 8 in Kent 106. Admissionto the meeting is 25 cents, except tomembers who have paid their dues,who will be admitted free.Hans Hoeppner of the UniversityInformation Office has been selectedto handle publicity and promotionfor the Rogers meeting, Fritz said.This procedure has never been adopt¬ed for a Union meeting in the past.Rogers will defend the proposition.Resolved: That this Union opposesthe New Deal blast against dictator¬ship. No student speakers have beenselected to discuss the resolution, butany member may speak from thefloor after Rogers’ speech.The new plan to be voted on byUnion members involves changingthe Union’s election system so thatvoters in the February election willindicate the party to which they be¬long. Party caucases, after mem¬bership q.uotas have been allotted,will choose the individuals who areto represent them in the Union.JSF Holds AnnualDance at ClubThe Jewish Student Foundation’smual dance will be held this yearthe Standard Club on January 289:30. Bids are $1.75. Handlinge publicity for the affair are Jeanirner and Eugene Glickman. Charlesjster’s orchestra will play. The Facts inThe CaseTo settle the present turmoil andgossip on campus concerning recentclub penalties the executive commit¬tee of Interclub would like to publishthe following statements.1. On Thursday afternoon, January19, two freshman girls came to thepresident of Interclub with the re¬port that on December 13 certainQuadranglers approached two fresh¬man friends of theirs, giving theman “invitation to join.” After hearingtheir story, the president of Interclubsent them to Mrs. Carr, to whom thegirls gave an identical report on theunderstanding that their names wouldbe kept secret.2. Mrs. Carr was convinced thatthere was basis for a penalty on vio¬lation of the rushing rules.3. The executive committee, actingupon these facts, imposed the penaltyof deferred pledging for one month,the penalty imposed on January 20.4. Since Quadrangler wished a for¬mal hearing the entire InterclubCouncil met at noon Saturday, Jan¬uary 21. The final decision was topublish the following notice, writtenand affirmed by all present at themeeting.Executive Committee,Ardis ManneyMartha SteereJane MorrisHelen Thompson. Freshmen Welcome35 in New ClassGreet First Midyear Group to Enter UnderNew Plan With ‘Little’Freshman WeekSpanish StudentsPlea for AidInter-Club NoticeOn the basis of the evidencepresented to Interclub Council andupon the appeal of Quadrangler,the rushing violation penalty hasbeen reduced from one month toone week, since this evidence wascircumstantial and could be provedneither true nor false. By reduc¬tion of the penalty is recognizedthe claim of Quadrangler. By theexistence of a penalty is acknowl¬edged the claim of those who re¬ported the offense.Interclub Council. A class of about thirty-five newcomers, the first mid-yearfreshman group to enter under the New Plan, will be welcomedby a miniature Freshmen Week planned by the Freshman classcouncil. They will enter January 30.The freshman council will initiate them into as warm anacquaintance with the University as possible. Volunteer counse¬lors for the group will be selected from, among the present fresh¬men. Those who wish to place themselves on the list are requestedto sign their names to a list placed on the freshman bulletinboard on the first floor of Cobb Hall.Dean Smith states expressly thatall pledges who act as counselorsmust absolutely refrain from themention of fraternities or clubs.This is the first time that fresh¬men have been admitted to the Uni¬versity under a semester system. En¬tering students will receive instruc¬tion in the Biological Science surveyand in English composition, coveringa year’s work before the June com-prehensives. Special classes have beenformed for the group.In addition the freshmen are per¬mitted to register for a sequencecourse, completing the work they havemissed during their second year.Tuition for the semester has been setat $150.Another new idea developed byfreshman class is the Freshman Fac¬ulty luncheon plan. The first luncheonof the series will be held Monday ina private room at Hutchinson Com¬mons with professors Carlson andJohnson as the guests. The attendanceat these luncheons is limited to twen¬ty-four persons, who must sign up inadvance.Plans for the forthcoming “Fresh¬man Frolic” dance in the ReynoldsClub on February fourteenth are asyet indefinite.Name Ruth GoodmanHead of SSA ClubAt its first official election, the So¬cial Service Administration club yes¬terday chose Ruth Goodman its pres¬ident for the rest of the year. LewisAlexander, vice-president; EvelynDansky, secretary; Ruth Weissman,treasurer; Annette Laufer, socialchairman; and Jerry Lane, publicitychairman, are the other officers.The group voted to raise $25 forthe Refugee Fund. Mirel Saks willhead the committee for the collectionof these funds.The organization was founded lastspring by Helen Linder and RuthCohen. A cable from the students ofRepublican Spain pleading forAmerican student help to lift theembargo on munitions has been re¬ceived by the ASU. The cablereads in part:“Students of the United States:To protect the Independence ofSpain, for democracy and for li¬berty, intensify your humanitarianhelp to the Spanish people; cam¬paign enthusiastically for liftingthe embargo on arms to our coun¬try. Long live the Spanish Repub¬lic, long live the students of theworld!” It was signed by the Fed¬eral Union of Spanish students.The Chicago branch of the ASU,which has, along with other cam¬pus groups, been campaigning forthe lifting of the embargo, is pass¬ing out petitions, postcards, andletters for students to sign, allasking Congress to lift the em¬bargo on Spain.Bosses CombineTo SplitDouglas VoteAn alliance between Democraticboss Lindheimer and Republican bossEast was seen today in the announce¬ment that Noble Lee, perennial Re¬publican office seeker, had filed hiscandidacy for Alderman from theFifth Ward.Though Lee has little chance ofwinning, he has been entered by theRepublican boss in order to split theindependent vote that would other¬wise go to Paul Douglas, the inde¬pendent candidate. By dividing thesupport for Douglas, prospects wouldbe bright for the election of Demo¬crat James Cusack, the protege ofLindheimer.Hutchins Hits Opponents ofFederal Aid to EducationPresident Robert M. Hutchinsstrikes back at critics of pro¬posed federal aid to educationin the current issue of the Sat¬urday Evening Post, out today,and says that the real issue tobe determined is whether peoplemean what they say when theytalk about equality of opportu¬nity. If they do, then federal aidis not only logical but also ne¬cessary.“Beside this great question thespecters of regimentation of our chil-dred and of financing a foreignpotentate (the pope) with Americandollars seem fantastic and remote,”he writes. “They seem, indeed, thecreation of frenzied imaginationsworking overtime to concoct somereasons for opposing proposalsagainst which no good reasons canbe found.”Points to DeficienciesHutchins reviews some of the start¬ling deficiencies in the educationalsystem as revealed by PresidentRoosevelt’s Advisory Committee onEducation, which recommended a six-year program of federal aid to re¬move the worst blemishes on the edu¬cational map.The President terms the survey as “horrifying” and says that “it willcome as a shock to many citizensto learn how inadequate our educa¬tional system is.”Agricultural and southern statescan furnish only inadequate educa¬tion because it, in the present cir¬cumstances, is dependent largely onan unsatisfactory property tax, whichhits those least able to pay. (Govern¬ment aid will help to equalize thesetremendous differences. “I have nodoubt,” he writes, “the Americandemocracy is in greater danger from(Continued on page 3)Bankers DebateBig Ten WithdrawalWalter Stift, of the Debate Societyof the American Institute of Banking,anounced that on February 2 in theBankers Building the Society will de¬bate on the subject of whether theUniversity should withdraw from BigTen athletic competition. Stift will beone of the three men taking the af¬firmative side of the question.This debate is one of a series of 24that the banking organization, whichis made up of all types of bank em¬ployees, is sponsoring. The DebateSociety has a membership of about65. SixCooperativesForm CounciltoAid MovementActing to promote more united ef¬fort among their respective groups,representatives of six university co¬operatives have organized an inter-co¬operative council. A statement drawnup at the meeting Monday nightlisted the folowing as the aims of theorganizations: unite and extend thecooperative movement, educate themembers of the University commun¬ity about cooperatives, provide co¬operative social and recreational op¬portunities, and distribute informa¬tion regarding efficient cooperativemanagement.John Suiter and Judy Wells wereelected temporary president and sec¬retary of the organization. Each co¬operative belonging to the organiza¬tion will be entitled to two votingrepresentatives.Those present at the organizationalmeeting were Dan Glaser, HymanMinsky, Bob Quinn, Jim Burtle, JudyWells, Gilbert Brown, John Suiter,and Frank Keller.DA To Present**Obstinate Family'A nineteenth century farce, “TheObstinate Family,” is the one-actplay Dramatic Association appren¬tice actors are giving this week inthe Reynolds Club theater. WilliamJeffery is the student director.The cast of newcomers to the Dra¬matic Association appearing in thefarce includes Burton Phillipson,James White, Merry Coffey, MayHolzman, Pierce Atwater, and Char¬lotte Ford. On the basis of theirperformances in the weekly plays,those actors without previous DAexperience will be selected for themajor productions. The plays, opento the entire campus, are given Fri¬days at 3:30.Page Two THE DAILY MAROON, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 25, 1939FOUNDED IN 1901MEMBER ASSOCIATED COLLEGIATEPRESSThe Daily Maroon is the official studentnewspaper of the University of Chicago,published mornings except Saturday, Sun¬day and Monday during the Autumn,Winter and Spring quarters by The DailyMaroon Company, 6831 University avenue.Telephones: Hyde Park 9221 and 9222.A'ter 6:30 phone in stories to ourprinters. The Chief Printing Company,148 West 62nd street. Telephone Went¬worth 6123.The University of Chicago assumes noresponsibility for any statements appear¬ing in The Daily Maroon, or for any con¬tract entered into by The Daily Maroon.~The D^ily Maroon expressly reservesthe rights of publication of any materialappearing in this paper. Subscriptionrates: $3 a year; $4 by mail. Singlecopies: three cents.Entered as second class matter March18, 1903, at the post office at Chicago,Illinois, under the act of March 3, 1873.represented for national advertising byNational Advertising Service, Inc.College Publishers Representative420 Madison Ave. New York. N. Y.CHICAGO ■ BOSTON ' LOS ANGELES - SAN FRANCISCOBOARD OF CONTROLEditorial StaffLAURA BERGQUISTMAXINE BIESENTHALEMMETT DEADMAN, ChairmanSEYMOUR MILLERADELE ROSEBusiness StaffEDWIN BERGMANMAX FREEMANEDITORIAL ASSOCIATESRuth Brody. Harry Cornelius WilliamGrody, David Martin, Alice Meyer,Robert Sedlak. Charles O’DonnellBUSINESS ASSOCIATESDayton Caple, Roland Richman, DavidSalzberg. Harry Topping.Night Editor: David MartinAssistant: Barbara PhelpsA Word ToThe Wise FreshmanThere is just one bit of advicewhich may be offered withoutexception to freshmen duringthis week—take everything youhear with a grain of salt. Thefraternity men think they aretelling you the truth. Thechances are they are over-en¬thusiastic about their own ar¬ticle.It is impossible to define whata freshman should look for inpledging a house, as the valuesto be derived from a fraternityvary with what each freshmanis' seeking. Some seek socialprestige, others seek comrade¬ship, still others seek an oppor¬tunity for making contacts fora good job after they graduate.Probably many pledge withoutany special reason, but “becauseit’s the thing to do.”To the freshman who is stillundecided as to the value of thefraternity in college life, thereare some generalizations which:an validly be made. Dean SmithDnce succinctly stated the factswhen he said “Fraternity lifein college is a luxury, but a val¬uable one.” There is no doubtabout the fact that membershipwill make college life more ex¬pensive. If the member is willingto do his part, it will also makeit more enjoyable and worth¬while.Fraternities in the past fewears have tended to fall in linedth the administration’s view-oint that their men are here toet an education. The result haseen a series of more or lessstentatious efforts to encouragecholarship. However, the starkact still remains that frater-ities, in their very nature as aocial group, cannot place em-hasis upon scholarship. It is en-irely possible to study in a fra-ernity, but it is a certainty thatlembership does not mean thathose who join will study more.On the other hand, the asso-iation with a group during col-?ge results in gains not to beound in solely intellectual pur-uits. Bull Sessions, songfests,arties, and the feeling of “be-)nging” often serve to stimu-ite the development of a stu-ent as an individual with alace in society.This membership in a groupan be something besides stim-lating. It can be a convenientlold into which the student isoured as a freshman and from^hich he emerges four yearsiter, a completely stereotypedattern with no ideas other thanhose which his fraternityrothers have been willing thate have.To the freshman, therefore. there is this advice. If you de-I cide to join a fraternity do so: with your eyes open. Andi though you are known as a! member of Alpha Omega orI whatever it may be, don’t de-! pend upon this membership tocarry you through. Remainyourself, don’t become primar¬ily an Alpha Omega. If the fra¬ternity stimulates you to newthinking and to new ideas, itwill have been a valuable invest¬ment; if it insists that you fitinto a conventional mold it willhave been an unmitigated evil.Today on theQuadranglesYWCA Settlement Group Meeting,Ida Noyes Hall, Room B, 3:30 to 5:00.Christian Youth League CommitteeMeeting, Room C, Ida Noyes Hall,12:45 to 1:15.Chapel Union Student-Faculty Tea.Library, Ida Noyes, 3:30 to 5:30.Public Lecture (Department ofMusic) “The Works of GabrielFaure.” Mile. Nadia Boulanger, Rey¬nolds Club Lounge, 4:30.Zoology Club, “Gene-Character Re¬lationship: An Approach through theSpermathecal Index,” Dr. Schwab,Zoology 14, 4:30.Religious Education Club, “Is Re¬ligious Education Imperiled by Theol¬ogy?” Professor Aubrey, Swift Com¬mon Room, 7:15.Graduate History Club, “The Storyin History,” Associate Professor Ad¬ler, Social Science 122, 8:00.Chapel Union, “The Heritage of theJews,” A. Eustace Haydon, WAARoom, Ida Noyes Hall, 4:30.International Relations Forum,“Growing up in Germany,” ErichRosenthal, Room A, InternationalHouse, 8:30.Facts-(Continued from page 1)would be a condition of peace.”Broadly speaking, war is a naturalphenomenon that springs from thetendency for military and politicalpower to concentrate in unities, whichbecause of this power, consider them¬selves independent, though they real¬ly are not, because of the growth ofeconomic and cultural relationships.Peace can therefore be looked uponas an artificial construction, by whichmilitary and political power are dis¬tributed and redistributed as tech¬nical and sorrel changes occur, inproper adaptation to the state ofcommunications and economic interde¬pendence in the community of na¬tions.”This does not mean, Wright ex¬plained, that he considers war in¬evitable. But it does mean that if weare to have peace, national sovereign¬ty must be limited and some of itspower transferred to international or¬ganizations.In regard to the present worldsituation, he declared that, “The ex¬aggerated concentration of politicaland legal power in the hands of dic¬tators in Germany and to a lesserdegree, in Italy and Japan is the ma¬jor factor threatening war at themoment.‘ The appropriate treatment is notto fight them, as that would necessi¬tate the development of similar dic¬tatorial internal structures in thedemocracies, nor is it to give themwhat they want, as that will feedtheir aggressiveness. It is rather todevelop an understanding among thepeople in the other states that theirpeace and security depend upon thereestablishment of law in the com¬munity of nations through adequateinternational organization. With suchan understanding, a world opinionmight develop assuring that the over¬whelming military and political pow¬er of the democracies would alwaysbe behind international law andpeaceful procedures. Further aggres¬sions by present or future dictatorswould then become impossible. Theonly danger would be that they mightfail to recognize the situations withwhich they were confronted.“To develop this understandingwill be a slow process and in themeantime every effort should be madeby careful diplomacy to prevent warfrom breaking out. It may be too latealready. Numerous opportunitieshave been lost in the past 20 years,but a general war is never certain un¬til it actually begins. Public opinionin democratic countries should not!become defeatist in regard to democ- jracy, to peace or to internation^ jus¬tice.” /SEYMOUR MILIER. TravellingBazaarDemocracy Triumphs“Be sure now to snap my picturewhen I get up to object” cautionedEdouard Roditi, personal publicityagent for Edouard Roditi to DavidEisendrath, photographer, before thefiery Int-House fracas last Sundaynight.Edouard proved himself beyond alldoubt a nifty organizer. He efficientlyacquired a small band of handclap-pers to applaud in the proper placesand to hiss with all their might inthe wrong. (Eddie, incidentally, is thecharming fellow who freely offeredhis services as a stink bomb throwerfor any Fascist meeting, therebyproving that any such meeting is im¬possible on campus).Italian Roselli, fluent and amusing,incautiously blamed the Allies and theVersailles treaty as partial explana¬tion for the present Germany-Italyset-up. This was Eddie’s big chance.Shouted he with drama dripping—“Mr. Price, will you please ask thegentleman to stop insulting other na¬tions?” Composer Talkson FaureMusic DepartmentSponsors Two Lec¬tures, MusicComment* * *By JOHN McWhorterOther clever remarks of our herothroughout the evening revolvedmainly about the convincing shout—“It’s a lie,” which covered a multitudeof occasions until a disapproving au¬dience, politically anti-Fascist, soonfound itself in the position of ap¬plauding an Italian gentleman andforcibly ejecting the boorish championof democracy.The balcony was also liberallysprinkled with yokels who had de¬clared that a Fascist meeting shouldnot be held on campus because it ap¬pealed to the emotions. To clear theair of any suggestion of emotionalismtherefore, they also shouted andscreamed and hissed, till the speakercould go no further.All that we have to say is thatdemocracy certainly needs some life¬saving from some of the yokels whochampion it.Even Bud James says so. Two public lectui'es on the musicof Gabriel Faure, known for its tech¬nical intricacy, will be presented bya former pupil, Nadia Boulanger,eminent French composer and teach¬er, at the University today and to-; morrow.; The lectures, which Mile. Boulang-' er will illustrate at the piano, willj be given in the Reynolds Club loungeat 4:30 on both afternoons. They are! sponsored by the Music department.I Mile. Boulanger is a member of the! faculty of the American Conserva-i tory at Fontainebleau. Among herpupils have been Roy Harris, Profes-.-ior Walter Piston, of Harvard Uni¬versity, Leo Prcger, and Igor Marke-; vitch.i Faure, one of the most outstandingi modern comiwsers, is well known for! the “labyrinthine” harmonies in hisj compositions, which include the in-I cidental music for Dumas’ “Caligula.”I He studied composition under Saint-i Saens.Mile. Boulanger was awarded theGrand Prix de Rome in 1908. In ad¬dition to her position at the AmericanConservatory .'^he is also a teacher atthe Ecole Normale in Paris. The performance of Ravel’s ‘-Rol-ero” last Saturday night by Toscaniniand the NBC Symphony orchestrawas a sad compliment to both princi¬pals. The none-too-excellent-at-bcstwoodwind and brass sections wenthaywire on solos and accompanyingpassages. Extreme flagrancies werecommitted by the trombone player! who let his instrument lead him alli over the range* and the oboist, whr.I shook a little on the high notes, heldj firmly, within the variation of a halftone, on the lower register. SurpriseI of the performance was the waveringI of the usually impeccable violin sec¬tion. Perhaps the violins just had tolet out a wail along with the rest ofthe sacrificed instrumentia.The breakdown of the orchestramay not be attributable to Toscanini,! but, at the least the direction wasremarkable for it.s lack of conviction.The fundamental rhythm of the workwas hacked out with no enthusiasm,no basic interpretation. The intendedthrilling ending was made a formlessconglomeration of notes that con¬veyed consumption rather than con-sumation.Play Brahms, BlochThe phonograph concert in the So¬cial Science -\ssembly room fromi 12:30 to 1:15 today will presentBrahms’ “Symphony Number 1 in CMinor, Opus 68,” and Nigun from“Baal Shem,” by Bloch. An implication of such a perform¬ance is the renewed conviction thatwe shall not be preemptorily movulby the mention of a famous name, butconvinced by music of inspiring ex¬ecution.CLASSIFIEDWANTED Graduate student. School of Busi-ness, to oraanize retail chain of FloralBhops. Familiar with selling and displayadvertisinK. Part time to start. (’livefull particulars. Address: BO.X 0. Fac¬ulty Exchange.Use Buchsbaum’s COMPLIMENTSBook as TextRalph Buchsbaum’s new book.Animals Without Barkbones," hasbeen ordered by twenty-six collegesand universities, who are using it as atext immediately, despite the fact thatit was published in the middle of theyear. Twenty-seven more includingUCLA and Amherst, have placed or¬ders for next September. ENGLEWOOD ELECTRICALSUPPLY COMPANY5801 S. Hoisted St. ChicagoE A D'Uncle Sam's Children'by Robert M. HutchinsIN TODAY'SSATURDAY EVENING POST ❖❖IAre you keeping up on educational problems? Maybe youare not aware of the issues which are causing a fervent contro-versey among leading educators. Do you know what standPRESIDENT HUTCHINStakes on these matters?Read HisNo Friendly VoiceandHigher Learning in AmericaGet Your Copy at theUofC Bookstore5802 ELLIS AVENUETHE DAILY MAROON, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 25, 1939 Page ThreeEnglish Classical EconomistsFavor ^Laissez-Faire^—’VinerProfessor of EconomicsSpeaks in S(K!ial Science122.“There is only one propositionover which there was no contro¬versy during the period of thePhigiish classical economists. Itwas generally admitted thatthese economists were all pro¬ponents of the doctrine of lais¬sez-faire.”This was the observation made byProfessor Jacob Viner in the thirdof his series of lectures which dealwith the “Political and Social Ideasof the English Classical Economists.”The concluding lecture will be givenTuesday in the Social Science As->embly Room.All Favored Policy‘Tn fact,” Viner stated, “laissez-faire was generally accepted by allgroups of that time. The Tories,Whigs, and Radicals favored a ‘donothing’ policy by the government duet() their belief in the inefficiency ofthe central government.”Commenting on the Benthamitetheory, Viner outlined the variousfunctions which the governmentshould perform, leaving the others toindividual initiative. The governmentshould provide for education, main¬tain relief for the needy, perform re¬search work, provide security, espec¬ially for the poor, and attempt toprovide for a more even distributionof national income.Bentham’s IdeasBentham opposed legislation by thegovernment only when it tended todictate the economic life of the in¬dividual. According to Viner, Bent-ham maintained that the individualkonws the individual’s interest bet¬ter than any one else.Hutchins Hits OpponentsOf Federal Aid to Education“Since the public believed inlaissez-faire,” Viner stated, “it onlyremained for the English classicaleconomists to crusade for the appli¬cation of the principles of laissez-faire in England.”Big TenArt ExhibitOpens TomorrowA Big Ten traveling student artexhibit, including two works of Uni¬versity students, William Tallon andMillard Rogers, will open tomorrowin the Exhibit Room of the Art de¬partment, and will imn to February11.The two University student worksincluded are a Stone Bear Cub byTallon, and a landscape in oils byRogers. Rogers is a graduate of theArt Institute, and is working in theArt department here for his master’sdegree. He has worked his waythrough school and supported himselffor the last eight years by hand¬manufacturing paint for other artstudents. Tallon is a senior in the de¬partment and is interested in becom¬ing a sculptor.The exhibit will be reviewed in afuture issue of the Maroon after thepictures have been hung, but a pre¬liminary survey indicates that thereare from 20 to 40 paintings, and var¬ious pieces of sculpture, architecturalexpositions, etc. Almost every BigTen school Is represented.The exhibit is an annual affair, andwas held first this year at the Univer-.sity of Michigan. Then the best halfof the works was selected and senton tour to five of the schools. Nextyear the other five will see the ex¬hibit.(Continued from page 1)the present horrible inequalities ineducational opportunity than it everwill be from an attempt to remedythose inequalities by customary andconstitutional means.”Then, turning on those who claimthat federal aid is unprecedented andrevolutionary, he writes ”... The cus¬tom of making grants of public landsIt & G PaintersReach Top of CohbAfter Ten YearsBy VTRC.INIA BROWNWith the alacrity of a group ofW P A workers. Buildings and(Irotinds painters have reached thefourth floor of Cobb. The painting ofCobb has developed into a sort of TenYear Plan, and now as the tenth yearapproaches, B. and G. is proud to an¬nounce that they have practically fin¬ished their project. However, in theintervening years since the Plan wasfirst started, deterioration has set in,necessitating a second coat on thelower floors. This fact has disturbedthe equilibrium of B. and G. no end.A nostalgic sadness will permeateCobb when these men go for studentshave long associated the smell offresh paint with the studies theypursue in this University landmark.No longer will they have to dodgescaffokling as they hurry to and fromclasses. Signs of “fresh paint” will beconspicious by their absence. Thegreat days of the renovation of Cobbwill be a thing of the past.Meanwhile B. and G. have engagedin other types of work on campus.The distinguished Oxford type lamp-posts which have hitherto adorned theentrances to Harper have been re¬moved to the Circle, destroying allprivacy and forcing campus lovebirdsto seek new sites where they may bealone. Entrances to Harper are nowlighted by lanterns attached to thewalls.And last, but not least, there hasbeen a gradual tearing up of flag¬stones, on the south western edge ofcampus. Cement sidewalks will re¬place them. This movement has beenhailed with relief by students who,year after year, have waded in waterup to their ankles every time itrained.And so it goes. “The old orderchangeth” and scientific efficiency isreplacing campus traditions, lovedthough out moded, with modern con¬veniences. \ for the support of education... isolder than the Constitution.”History of AidThe question of government domin¬ance is over-emphasized, according toHutchins. “...We have had 153years of federal aid to education;almost every year somebody haswarned against the menace of fed¬eral domination, and federal domina¬tion has not yet materialized.”The President’s committee hasworked out a plan for the leastamount of federal control, he says,yet there is no 100 per cent guar¬anteed, automatic political devicethat can protect education against thewhims of the party in power.Faith in Democracy“Our faith in American democracydetermines whether education can befree. If we lose faith in democracy,then nothing can keep education free.If we keep our faith in democracy,then we may be confident that a de¬mocratic method of getting a decenteducation for our children wdll notlead to dictatorship.”Catholic schools should also receivegovernment aid, he asserts, if thepublic wants as much education as itcan get. The question of dominationby the pope is ridiculous.He closes by writing, “I believethat We shall someday look back onthe report of the President’s com¬mittee as the most important in thehistory of American education sincethe Northwest Ordinance...”Inborn^ISlUWTf^ AND LAKEHomrEmMovtt)MBSOOeePLY" ^LITZCRll AtmnderWoolIcottifTHORMTOHWaiHAWHSFRANKCRAVENAND THE NEW VORK CAST OFA YEAR AT THE MOROSCO THEATRE. HYMATSMSMIS (OKEPT SUNMYlfUO TD WS 'WEO. WSAT-^1.10 TD»2.20 (INC.TAX)FOUR WEEKS ONLYSUfTH &flU> SOSSCRIPTIOW KAY Dixon Says Function of BusinessSchool Is To Develop the MindBy Hart WurzburgYoung, handsome Robert L. Dixonarrived on campus this fall fromYale to teach accounting. Girls inhis classes feel that he was wastedat Yale—that he belongs at a schoolwith girls. Charming, helpful, oneof the best liked professors in theSchool of Business, he asserted thatthe University has the finest businessschool in the country, and that nobusiness school in the country is ofless value to the person who attendssolely for the purpose of learningmethods of making money. The num¬erous trade schools are proper placesfor such training.Mental TrainingDixon considers that the functionof the Business School is to developthe mind; he doesn’t care if his stu¬dents know a debit from a credit ayear after they get out of school. Hehopes that his students retain a littletheory on the side, but the onlyreason for a college is to promotehigher learning.Whether the mind is developed bystudying Plato or by studying ac¬counting theory differs only in themeans—not in the end. However,the means should be made as enjoy¬able and as interesting as possible.Specific Work ImpossibleDixon thinks that specific trainingis impractical in the Business School;that business is too broad a field, andthat if students were introduced inall the courses necessary to preparethem for any business field, theywould be in college for the rest oftheir lives. A perfect illustration ishis own field, in which there arePigeon-BlightUnfounded in Fact“Habeas corpus, produce the bodiesand we shall find who has done thisfoul deed,” said members of the de¬partment of Physiology when be¬sieged by students who had heard ru¬mors that a pigeon-blight had de¬scended upon campus.But no dead pigeons were to befound. It was reported that the birds,having no other place to drink, hadtaken to quenching their thirst at theBotany pond, and that the waters Ihad been contaminated by’countlessdunkings of freshmen, sophomores,and seniors. The shores of the pondwere searched without success. Therewere no bodies.A widening search finally reachedinto the fourth floor Zoology labora¬tory of John Dunkel. Dunkel wasperforming an autopsy on twopigeons'to determine the cause oftheir death. Whether the seniorshad anything to do with it he hasn’tyet discovered. hundreds of specific kinds of account¬ing.“A student might be as well pre¬pared for business if he majored inEconomics, Political Science, or pre¬law, with a few basic courses in theBusiness School, instead of taking adegree in the School of Business,”stated Dixon. After the student getsout in the business world his mindwill be highly developed and he willbe able to learn all the necessarybusiness details readily, much morereadily than a person without thecollege training. Students PetitionFor Elevator GadgetA petition, bearing the signaturesof 63 “esthetic natures” and appeal¬ing for a modern control panel in thenew Harper Library elevator, wasdiscovered circulating about campusyesterday.The petition, which evidently ori¬ginated among students in the Mod¬ern Languages Reading Room, part¬ly states its appeal in the followingphraseology: “We feel that it (thecontrol panel) represents an off-notein the otherwise fashionably modeledcontrivance, and all of us would behappier if, for the sake of our es¬thetic sensibility, it were replaced bya more modem gadget.”SPECIAL SALELABORATORYCOAT & APRONS$1.29COAT—of strong Covert cloth, 52" long, convertible collar, adjustable belt, brown colorAPRON—of silk cloth, Bronune finish, water¬proof standard size ea.38cea.-THIS WEEK ONLY-UOODUIORTH’SBOOK STORE1311 E. 57tli St. Open EveningsNear Kimbark Ave. Dorchester 4800Sc“DONT GET LEFTGO TO THE J-S-F.”Jewish Student FoundationDanceJANUARY 28thX.Page Four THE DAILY MAROON, WEDNESDAY. JANUARY 25, 1939DAILY MAROON SPORTSThe Saga of theSon of Hutchins--He Plays Football! Fencing Team Opens SeasonAgainst Notre Dame SaturdayAnd, lo, there was bom unto thespouse of a young and famed mid-western University president a rarechild of proportions extreme andstrange. A toddler, he was, of 20pounds on the hoof.Among the grey spires he grew inbody and mind until, at the twelfthyear after his nativity, Childe Hutch¬ins did journey to the temples oflearning, where his wisdom and per¬ception astounded those few highpriests and ancient who vied not forthe state legislature. Congress, oralderman. For three days the preco¬cious one absented himself from thehumble carpenters shop in E. 59 andUniversity, moving amongst theamazed multiude toward a hugebuilding of great emptyness.The High PriestHerein he did encounter a gray¬haired man, a certain Shaughnessy byname, who, on beholding this youngApollo, uttered wierd exclamations,the like of which had not been heardS.B. (Since Berwanger). By meansknown only to Beezlebub, Lucifer,and Satan, the wily Shag lured YoungHutch beneath the earth from theface of heaven to the sweaty cata¬combs of athleticism. He arrayedYoung Hutch in an outlandish andbarbaric costume of great protection,and into his ivory-fine hands placedan oval.Rising again to the turf, YoungHutch was instructed in the rudi¬ments of a game of contact calledfootball, which he did relish consider¬ably. With time waiting for no man,his progress was swift and inspiring;it turned warm the stone hearts of thealumni, who nodded glad assent tothis combination deer, hurricane, andPh. D.And contests of strength, in whichthe wonder child of great gentlenessput to use his newly acquired skill,were held, two every fortnight. Op¬ponents, Philistines of gargantuan'dimensions, he demolished with ease,walloping Ohio State 57-0, Michigan85-0, and Harvard, 105-negative 13.Illinois held no classes during themonth of November.Temple of LearningBut his noble parents, on hearingof the dubious nature of his activities,inquired into the sport of football.They entailed a staff of 500 worthyresearch men to scrutinize thoroughly'(he nature, background and totalnumber of degrees their offspring’sfavorite plaything claimed.When they had been told the dire,inevitable information, both did losecontrol of their muscular faculties . .. . For three days they lay stunnedand spoke not a word, until hismother called him unto her side andsaid “Whyfore hast thou done thisto me?”And he answered her with faceserene, “Do you not know that I amabout to undo my father’s work?”This answer sore troubled her.His father cried out, “Et tu. Brute,”and would converse with him nofurther. Yet reconciliation came whenthe elder Hutch took the errant onein hand and spoke of Aristotle, Platoand Lucretius.“My advice,” spoke the great pres¬ident, “is the same as Aristotle’s.Whenever you feel the urge for exer¬cise lie down and sleep till it passesaway.”Upon reviewing the notes he tookwhile his father let drop those pearlsof originality, he was struck with afervent desire to comply with thepaternal advice and went out to thecarpenter shop and built a doll house. Defend Big Ten Title;Three Stars Are Grad¬uated.GRANDNOW PLAYINGTWO WEEKS ONLY ICORNEflAbTISand A Notable CompanyinBERNARD SHAW'S'CANDIDA'WithDorothy Onslow JohnSands Stevens CromwellEXTRA MAT. FRIDAY. JAN. 27EveninRB $2.75, $2.20, $1.65, $1.10Wed. & Set., Matinees $2.20, $1.65$1.10, 55c Although the University fencingteam includes one Big Ten championand one conference second place man,the pair are the only major letter-men available for the squad’s firstmeet of the season, against NotreDame, at South Bend Saturday.The Maroon team, conference cham¬pion last year, lost three of its bestmen by graduation: Captain HerbertStrauss, Big Ten titleholder in foil;Edward Fritz, runner-up in the con¬ference sabre division; and LawrenceGoldberg, fourth-place man in the BigTen in foil.Only Two LettermenThe two surviving lettermen, whowill lead this season’s squad, are Co¬captains Edward Gustafson andCharles Corbett. Gustafson won theBig Ten title in sabre last spring.Corbett was conference runner-up inepee.Notre Dame, perpetually a danger¬ous team, has already bested Purdue10 1-2-6 1-2, but Coach Alvar Her-manson expects the Chicago fencersto repeat last year’s victory over theIrish.Despite Corbett’s conference hon¬ors in epee last season, he will switchto foil this year. The shift was madenecessary because of the graduationof Captain Strauss. With Corbett infoil will be two minor lettermen,Alexander George and Richard Chap¬man.Gustafson at SabreIn sabre matches Chicago’s pri¬mary representative will be Gustaf¬son, whose record last year gives him clear title to the number one spotin the slashing play. Paired withGustafson is minor letterman DonaldMcDonald.The weakest department in theMaroon fencing organization is epee,in which the best Coach Hermansoncan offer are one minor letterman andone sophomore. Loyal Tingley, amember of last year’s squad, who isalso a high jumper on the Chicagotrack team, will be the number oneman in epee.With Tingley in that division willbe James Corbett, brother of Co-cap¬tain Charles Corbett, who won hisfreshman numerals last year.“A” Team WinsWith two teams entered from theUniversity in the annual WaldbottCup competition for senior foil teamsheld last Sunday in Bartlett Gymthe “A” team finished in the runner-up position behind the crack outfitfrom the Hermanson School of Fenc¬ing. The “B” team, fencing with twomen instead of the usual three, waseliminated in the first round.Fencing on the “A” team wereAlex George, Charley Corbett andDick Chapman. This trio outfenceda strong team from the Edge waterFencing Club, 5 to 4, to gain thefinal round.The champions, who were defend- iing the cup which they won last year, iwere undoubtedly the strongest teamon the floor, boasting a star-studdedaggregation of champions. Heading ,the team was Frank Righeimer, Mid- ^west foil and epee champion, run-1nerup in the National foil ranks and {former national epee champion.In second position was Oscar Ba-rab, runnerup to Righeimer in the Five Dual MeetsScheduled forGymnastic TeamChicago’s gymnastic team willopen the Big Ten Season againstMinnesota in Bartlett Gym, Febru¬ary 4. The schedule is composed of5 dual meets, the Big Ten Meet atUrbana and the National CollegiateMeet at Chicago.It runs as follows: February 4—Minnesota at Chicago; February 9—Illinois at Chicago; February 18—Minnesota at Minneapolis, Minneso¬ta; February 25—Iowa at Chicago;March 4—Illinois at Urbana, Illinois;March 11—Big Ten Meet at Urbana,Illinois; and April 15—National (k)l-Midwest foil, former winner of themidwest sabre competition and seniorfoil champion of Illinois. Holdingdown third position was HerbertStrauss, last year’s University cap¬tain and Big Ten conference foilchampion. This team went throughthe meet without dropping a bout,winning all team matches by a scoreof 5 to 0.The coach of the winners and therunnerups is the University instruc¬tor, Alvar Hermanson. legiate Meet at Chicago.Few Teams CompeteThe opponents on this year’sschedule are the same as those oflast year. This can be attributed tothe fact that there are few gyninastic teams in the Big Ten. Most ofthe conference schools shy awayfrom those sports that do not brinea reasonable return. This is espec¬ially true of gymnastics.The tumblers did not fare so wellin their dual meets last year butthey gained enough strength as theseason went on to win the NationalCollegiate Meet. Coach Hoffer wouldnot make any predictions about thepresent season other than that heexpects to have a tough time beatingIllinois.Many ExperiencedMost of the regular gymnasts hawhad experience but few of them arereturning lettermen. Regular work¬outs are held in Bartlett Gym, thesite of all home meets. The fresh¬man crop is a little larger than usualand seems to show some promise.The Minnesota meet was schedulwlat the last moment because CoachHoffer wanted his men to get suffi¬cient practice to take on Chicago’sold rival, Illinois. He attempted toget practice meets with smaller col-leges, as he did in former years, butthe so-called breathers would notschedule Chicago because of its grad¬ually increasing strength.GUIDE TOUR BUDGETDeluxe service at low pricesPrompt pick up and delivery serviceSpecial rotes ior groups and fraternitiesHAVE YOUR HOUSE MANAGER CALL US•Personal Service haundry and CleanersDorchester 5933 6240 Kimbark