^-* <The University ofCHICAGOMagazine/ Spring 1981FROMOUR •DISTANTPAST 'EXCITINÇFUTURELucyThefossil who .walked erect3.5 million years ago.By Donald Johanson,AM'70, PhD'74, andMaifland EdeyCosmosA look into ourfuture, billions. •of years hence.By Cari Sagan,AB 54, SB'55,SM'5b, l'hD't^PUT CHICAGO ON TOPwith your 1980-81 Alumni Fund gift.Make your gift today and it will be matched. Thisspring, some generous alumni hâve pledged to matchnew or increased gifts of S 1 00 or more two-for-one.Increases of less than S 1 00 will be matched one-for-one. Your unrestricted gift must be received by June30th to qualify.Send your gift today and help Chicago meet thisexciting challenge.Your new orincreased gift of:S25 (General Fund)$100 (Century Club) will yield amatched gift of: providing UC witha total gift of:S 1000 (Présidents Fund) $2000 $3000THE ALUMNI FUND5733 UniversityChicago, IL 60637(312) 753-1935EditorFelicia Antonelli Holton, AB'50Assistant EditorFlorence Hammet, MAT'74Editorial AssistantMike Vanden HeuvelDesignerJessie BunnThe University of ChicagoOffice of Alumni AffaireRobie House5757 Woodlawn AvenueChicago, Illinois 60637Président, The University of ChicagoAlumni AssociationBeverly J. Splane, AB'67, MBA'69Executive Directorof University Alumni AffairePeter Kountz, AM'69, PhD'76Associate Directorof University Alumni AffaireRuth HalloranNational Program DirectorSylvia Hohri, AB'77Chicago Area Program DirectorPatricia SchulmanAlumni Schools Committee DirectorRobert Bail, Jr., X'71The University of ChicagoAlumni AssociationExecutive Committee, The CabinetBeverly J. Splane, AB'67, MBA'69Anita Jarmin Brickell, AB'75, MBA'76William N. Flory, AB'48Eugène M. Kadish, AB'63, JD'66Max Schiff, Jr., AB'36Edward J. Anderson, PhB'46, SM'49Emmett Dedmon, AB'39Gail Pollack Fels, JD'65Faculty/Alumni Advisory Committeeto The University of Chicago MagazineEdward W. Rosenheim, AB'39, AM'47, PhD'53ChairmanDavid B. and Clara E. Stem Professor, Departmentof English and the CollègeWalter J. Blum, AB'39, JD'41Wilson-Dickinson Professor, The Law SchoolJohn A. SimpsonArthur Holly Compton Distinguished ServiceProfessor, Department of Physics and the CollègeLorna P. Straus, SM'60, PhD'62Dean of Students in the CollègeAsosciate Professor, Department of Anatomy andthe CollègeGreta Wiley Flory, PhB'48Linda Thoren, AB'64, JD'67The University of Chicago Magazine is publishedby The University of Chicago in coopération withthe Alumni Association. Published continuouslysince 1907. Editorial Office: Robie House,5757 Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637.Téléphone (312) 753-2325.Coyright ° 1981 by The University of Chicago.Published four rimes a year, Autumn,Winter, Spring, Summer. The magazine issent to ail University of Chicago alumni. Pleaseallow eight weeks for change-of-address.Second-class postage paid at Chicago, IL., and atadditional mailing offices. The University ofCHICAGOMagazine / Spring, 1981Volume 73, Number 4 (ISSN 0041-9508)IN THIS ISSUE2 Superspokesmen for ScienceTwo gifted scientists translate complexsubject matters for laymen.4 LUCYBy Donald Johanson and Maitland EdeyA fascinating glimpse into how paleoanthropologistsexamine their évidence to interpret évolution.10 COSMOSBy Cari SaganAn astronomer takes us on an extraordinary joumeythrough space.16 Drug Abuse and IntoxicationDr. Edward C. Senay reveals how Society is creatinga climate for drug acceptance.25 The Lisle LettersA noted publishing event présents the "dailyness"of life in Tudor England.28 The Captain of the AcesA profile of Ira Corn, Jr.21 So You Think You're Smart?The Collège Bowl Quiz Team.DEPARTMENTS31 Alumni Association Presidenf s Page32 Kaléidoscope39 Class News46 Deaths47 Books48 Future Alumni EventsCover: The fossil hand shown is a composite of bones found in the Afarrégion of Ethiopia, in 1975, by Donald Johanson. They are about 3.3million years old, and represent Australopithecus afarensis. The hand issuperimposed on a photograph of NGC 2682 Star cluster, open type,in the galaxy Cancer. (Hand photo by Mike Bush, The ClevelandMuséum of Natural History; star photo, Palomar Observatory,California Institute of Technology.)Translating complex sub-ject matters — astronomyand paleoanthropology— to make them easilyunderstood by laypersons, cornes naturallyto two gifted scientists.Two alumni, both scientists,hâve been very much in thepublic eye thèse past severalmonths, each in his rôle as apopularizer of the field of knowledge inwhich he is expert. One has been teach-ing us about the very distant past, andthe other about our exciting future.Astronomer Cari Sagan, AB'54,SB'55, SM'56, PhD'60, is the betterknown of the two, but paleoanthro-pologist Donald Johanson, AM'70,PhD'74, is well on his way to becominganother superspokesman for science.Sagan' s handsome face is nowfamiliar to télévision viewers the worldover, since his stint last fall as the host-narrator-chief writer of the thirteen-partpublic télévision séries, "Cosmos." It isthe most widely watched séries in thehistory of public télévision.Sagan first caught the public eyewhen he appeared on the Tonight showin 1973 to publicize his first book for agênerai audience, The Cosmic Connection.When he talked engagingly about UFOs(he debunked them) and extraterrestriallife (he believes it exists) host JohnnyCarson was entranced and invited himback repeatedly.Sagan, who is David Duncan Professor of Astronomy and Space Sciencesand director of the Laboratory for Planet-ary Studies at Cornell University, feelsstrongly that scientists must take theircase directly to the public in order to earnpublic support for funds for scientificresearch."There is nothing about science thatcannot be explained to the layman," hesays.Sagan, himself, certainly proves hispoint. He's turned out a séries of bookson science, ail written with clarity andgrâce. The public has responded withenthusiasm; his books hâve sold millionsof copies and been translated into a do-zen languages. The Dragons of Eden:Spéculations on the Evolution of Human Intelligence (Random House), won the Pu-litzer Prize, and was a best-seller foreight months. His most récent book, Cosmos (Random House), made the best-seller lists on publication. Recently, Sagan had the distinction of having two ofhis books nominated simultaneously forthe nation's most prestigious book a-wards. Cosmos (in hardcover) and Broca'sBrain (paperback) were both nominatedin the science category for the AmericanBook Awards.Sagan was born in Brooklyn, NewYork, in 1936, the son of a U.S. -bornmother and a Russian immigrant fa-ther — a garment cutter who rose tofactory manager. In high school in Rah-way, NJ, Sagan encountered a biologyteacher who encouraged him to pursue those of Earth. His prédiction was con-firmed by Soviet space explorationwhich showed Venus's surface température to be high enough to melt lead.Later he and a graduate student, JamesPollack, argued that the fluctuating pat-terns of light and dark on the surface ofMars were kicked up by winds of fero-cious force; other scientists disagreedand felt they were due to seasonal variations in plant life. Years later, closeupphotos of Mars confirmed the Sagan-Pollack thesis.As a planetary expert Sagan hasworked for NASA as an adviser and in -vestigator on unmanned space missions.Donald Johanson,_ Superspokesmen for Science:Johansonhis dream of becoming a professionalastronomer.He entered the Collège at âge six-teen on a scholarship, and graduatedwith honors. He went on to eam threemore degrees.At âge twenty-three Sagan published his first scientific paper, "Radiationand the Origin of the Gène." At the sametime he published his first pièce explain-ing astronomy to the public. An articleentitled "Life on Other Planets?" bearingthe by-line Cari Sagan, appeared in theApril 1957 issue of The University OfChicago Magazine.Early in his career Sagan made important déductions about the planetVenus which at the time was thought tobe similar to Earth, yet radio émissionssuggested enigmatic high températures.Sagan demonstrated that the atmosphère of Venus, composed of carbondioxide and water, traps solar heat,creating a "greenhouse effect," raisingsurface températures far higher than He has served as chairman of theDivision for Planetary Sciences of theAmerican Astronomical Society, chairman of the Astronomy Section of theAmerican Association for the Advance-ment of Science, and président of thePlanetology Section of the AmericanGeophysical Union.He has received the Joseph PriestleyAward, the Washburn Award, and Fr-ance's Prix Galabert. NASA presentedhim with the Medal for Exceptional Scientific Achievement for his research onMars, and its Medal for DistinguishedPublic Service.When the U.S. began exploringspace, using manned spacecraft, therewas tremendous publicity. But laterwhen unmanned spacecraft began exploring the universe many of thèse important information-gathering flightswere ail but ignored by American télévision. Sagan felt something had to bedone about it and together with B.Gentry Lee from NASA's Jet PropulsionUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAG AZINE/Spring 1981Laboratory, he formed Cari Sagan Productions, Inc. "Cosmos" was their firstproduction.Like Sagan, Johanson found hisvocation early. By the time hewas in high school he knew hewanted to be an anthropologist.Johanson is curator of physical an-thropology and director of scientific research at the Cleveland Muséum ofNatural History, and is adjunct professorat Case Western Reserve and Kent Stateuniversities.He was born in Chicago in 1943, theson of Swedish immigrants. His father distant past."At Leser's urging, Johanson studiedchemistry at the University of Illinois,because Léser felt the young man couldnot make a living as an anthropologist.Johanson was soon bored and switchedto anthropology.Johanson enrolled at the Universityfor his master's degree because hewanted to study with F. Clark Howell,one of the world's most distinguishedpaleoanthropologists. Howell, PhB'49,AM'51, PhD'53, is now professor of anthropology at the University of Cali-fomia at Berkeley.Johanson first went to Africa as a& Sagan Cari Sagandied when he was two, and his mothermoved, with her son, to Hartford, Con-necticut, where she supported them byworking as a domestic.A neighbor, Paul Léser, had nochildren, and he became a surrogatefather to young Johanson. Léser taughtanthropology at Hartford SeminaryFoundation and he encouraged youngJohanson to browse in his library, whichcontained numerous works on culturalanthropology."I can still remember my astonish-ment at learning that the world was fullof people who lived close to nature —Sudanese, Pygmies, Asian Islanders —getting their living from a direct interchange with their environment and notfrom the supermarket on the corner,"recalls Johanson. "Most people withinquiring minds become aware grad-ually of the diversity of human culturesbut this fact seems to hâve hit me ailat once. It made a strong impression onme. I also became fascina ted with the very junior member of Howell's field expédition. Two years later, against Howell's advice, (Johanson had not yetfinished his dissertation), Johansonlaunched his own expédition to searchfor hominid fossils in the Afar Triangle inEthiopia. (Hominids are extinct ances-torsof humans.)In his first field season Johansonfound a fossil knee joint. It turned out tobe 3.3 million years old and is the oldestknown anatomical évidence of uprightposture and locomotion.The very next year, in 1974, Johanson made another important discov-ery. He found the most nearly complèteskeleton of a hominid ever found, a smallfemale whom the crew named Lucy (af-ter the Beatles' song, "Lucy in the SkyWith Diamonds").Johanson's fantastic streak of luckwas still working again the next year; in1975 he found a cluster of bones repre-senting at least thirteen individuals, ailapparently part of one extended family who may hâve been killed by a single,unknown catastrophe. Visiting journal-ists called them "The First Family."Thèse frnds were, in themselves,spectacular. (Some paleoanthropologistshâve gone a lifetime without a single important fossil find.) But when Johansonand his research partner, anthropologistTim White of the University of Californiaat Berkeley, issued their conclusions, af-ter analyzing the Ethiopian fossils, alongwith casts of fossils from Laetoli, inTanzania, found by archeologist MaryLeakey, the world of paleoanthropologyreceived another jolt.Johanson and White stated thatthèse fossils represent a previously unre-cognized form of human ancestor,whom they named Australopithecus afar-ensis. They suggest that the new specieswas the common ancestor of both theHomo lineage and the previously knownforms of Australopithecus.Their proposed new family tree (seePage 9,) is Y-shaped, with the newspecies in a vertical stem that branchesinto the Homo lineage leading to modemhuman beings, and into a second lineagewhich includes previously known formsof Australopithecus that died out.According to this new view the oldest known form of Homo is the speciesHomo habilis, which lived about two million years ago. The best known exampleof this species is the so-called 1470 skullfound in Kenya by Richard Leakey.Mary Leakey and her son, Richard,disagree with Johanson and White. Theybelieve that the Afar spécimens found byJohanson were not separate ancestors ofhumans but an offshoot from the evo-lutionary tree, curious but not important. They believe that man's last prehu-man ancestors — and man — came to existfour or five million years ago. Johansonand White say it was two or three millionyears ago, which makes a profound différence in paleoanthropology.Howell has said that he consideredthe Johanson-White analysis a signifi-cant advance in interpreting the pattemof human évolution.The argument will be debated inpaleoanthropology for years to corne.In the meantime Johanson, like hisfellow-alumnus Sagan, is becoming afamiliar face and voice via télévision andthe print média, as he travels to promotehis book, Lucy, co-authored with sciencewriter Maitland Edey.For a brief dip into the writings ofthèse superb spokesmen for science, weinvite you to read excerpts from theirworks in the following pages. ¦3LucyWas Lucy Homo, Australopithecus \^or Something else? A facinating glimpse into how pal' oanthropologistsexamine the évidence to interpret evoluriona progress.(Note: For background on the following,please read the preceding article)."Lucy?"That is the question I always getfrom somebody who sees the fossil forthe first time. I hâve to explain: "Yes, shewas a female. And that Beatles song. Wewere sky-high, you must remember,from finding her."Then cornes the next question:"How did you know she was a female?""From her pelvis. We had one complète pelvic bone and her sacrum. Sincethe pelvic opening in hominids has to beproportionately larger in females than inmaies to allow for the birth of large-brained infants, you can tell a female."And the next: "She was a hominid?""Oh, yes. She walked erect. Shewalked as well as you do.""Hominids ail walked erect?""Yes.""Just exactly what is a hominid?"That usually ends the questions, because that one has no simple answer.Science has had to leave the définitionrather flexible because we do not yetknow exactly when hominids first appeared. However, it is safe to say that ahominid is an erect- walking primate.That is, it is either an extinct ancestor toman,* a collatéral relative to man, or atrue man. AU human beings are hominids, but not ail hominids are humanbeings.* In this book the gênerai term "man' is used to indudeboth maies and females of the genus HomoThis article is adapted from the book, Lucy, by DonaldJohanson and Maitland Edey. Copyright 1981 by DonaldJohanson and Maitland Edey. Reprinted by permission ofSimon and Schuster. By Donald JohansonAM'70, PhD'74 andMaitland EdeyWe can picture human évolution asstarting with a primitive apelike type thatgradually, over a long period of time,began to be less and less apelike andmore manlike. There was no abruptcrossover from ape to man, but probablya rather fuzzy time of in-between typesthat would be difficult to classify eitherway. We hâve no fossils yet that tell uswhat went on during that in-betweentime. Therefore, the handiest way ofseparating the newer types from theirape ancestors is to lump together ailthose that stood up on their hind legs.That group of men and near-men is call-edfhominids.Iam a hominid . I am a human being .I belong to the genus Homo and tothe species sapiens: thinking man.Perhaps I should say wise orknowing man — a man who is Smartenough to recognize that he is a man.There hâve been other species of Homowho were not so smart, ancestors nowextinct. Homo sapiens began to émerge ahundred thousand — perhaps two orthree hundred thousand — years ago, de-pending on how one regards Neandert-hal Man. He was another Homo. Somethink he was the same species as our-selves. Others think he was an ancestor.I consider Neanderthal conspecificwith sapiens, with myself . One hears talkabout putting him in a business suit andturning him loose in the subway. It is true; one could do it and he would neverbe noticed. He was just a little heavier-boned than people of today, more primitive in a few facial features. But he was aman. His brain was as big as a modemman's, but shaped in a slightly différentway. Could he make change at the subway booth and recognize a token? Hecertainly could. He could do many thingsmore complicated than that.Neanderthal Man had ancestors,human ones. Before him in time was aless advanced type: Homo erectus. Puthim on the subway and people wouldprobably take a suspicious look at him.Before Homo erectus was a really primitivetype, Homo habilis; put him on the subway and people would probably move tothe other end of the car. Before Homohabilis the human line may run outentirely. The next stop in the past, backof Homo habilis, might be somethinglike Lucy.Ail of the above are hominids. Theyare ail erect walkers. Some were human,even though they were of exceedinglyprimitive types. Others were not human.Lucy was not. No matter what kind ofclothes were put on Lucy, she would notlook like a human being. She was too farback, out of the human range entirely.For five years I kept Lucy in a safe inmy office in the Cleveland Muséum ofNatural History. Everybody who came tothe Muséum — it seemed to me — wantedto see Lucy. What surprised people mostwas her small size.Her head, on the évidence of the bitsof her skull that had been recovered, wasnot much larger than a softball. Lucy her-self stood only three and one-half feet4 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/Spring 1981Partial skeleton of "Lucy," the 3.5million year old hominid whichJohanson found in Ethiopia. Thisspécimen is the most complète Pliocènehominid thus fardiscovered. tall, although she was fully grown. Thatcould be deduced from her wisdomteeth, which were fully erupted and hadbeen exposed to several years of wear.My best guess was that she was betweentwenty-five and thirty years old whenshe died. She had already begun to showthe onset of arthritis or some other boneailment, on the évidence of déformationof her vertebrae. If she had lived muchlonger, it probably would hâve begun tobother her.Her surprisingly good condition —her completeness — came from the factthat she had died quietly. There were notooth marks on her bones. They had notbeen crunched and splintered, as theywould hâve been if she had been killedby a lion or a saber-toothed cat. Her headhad not been carried off in one directionand her legs in another, as hyenas mighthâve done with her. She had simply set-tled down in one pièce right where shewas, in the sand of a long-vanished lakeedge or stream — and died. Whetherfrom illness or accidentai drowning, itwas impossible to say. The importantthing was that she had not been found bya predator just after death and eaten. Hercarcass had remained inviolate, slowlycovered by sand or mud, buried deeperand deeper, the sand hardening intorock under the weight of subséquent de-positions. She had lain silently in heradamantine grave for millennium aftermillennium until the rains at Hadar hadbrought her to light a gain.I kept being asked, What was sospécial about Lucy?"Three things," I always answered."First: what she is — or isn't. She is différent from anything that has been dis-covered and named before. She doesn'tfit anywhere. She is just a very old, veryprimitive, very small hominid. Some-how we are going to hâve to fit her in,find a name for her."Second," I would say, "is her completeness. Until Lucy was found, therejust weren't any very old skeletons. Theoldest was one of those Neanderthalers Ispoke of a little while ago. It is aboutseventy-five thousand years old. Yes,there are older hominid fossils, but theyare ail fragments. Every thing that hasbeen reconstructed from them has had tobe done by matching up those littlepièces — a tooth hère, a bit of jaw there,maybe a complète skull from somewhereelse, plus a leg bone from some otherplace. The fitting together has been doneby scientists who know those bones asDAVID BRILLwell as I know my own hand. And yet,when you consider that such a reconstruction may consist of pièces from acouple of dozen individuals who mayhâve lived hundreds of miles apart andmay hâve been separated from eachother by a hundred thousand years intime — well, when you look at the complète individual you've just put togetheryou hâve to say to yourself, 'Just howreal is he?' With Lucy you know. It's ailthere. You don't hâve to guess. Youdon't hâve to imagine an arm bone youhaven't got. You see it. You see it for thefirst time from something older than aNeanderthaler. ""How much older?""That's point number three. TheNeanderthaler is seventy-five thousandyears old. Lucy is approximately 3.5 million years old. She is the oldest, mostcomplète, best-preserved skeleton ofany erect-walking human ancestor thathas ever been found.". . .By the summer of 1977 I wasfeeling less pressed than I hadbeen for several years. I couldnot go back to Ethiopia, andwas spared the responsibility of organiz-ing another field season. I had also man-aged to get most of the major Hadar fossils cleaned, and felt it was time to dosome hard analytical work on them.I learned that Tim White, a paleo- anthropologist from the University ofCalifornia at Berkeley, who had donesome fossil analysis for Mary Leakey atLaetoli in Tanzania, was available.Knowing that he had casts of the Laetolifossils that he had been describing forMary Leakey, I asked him if he wouldbring them to. Cleveland for a carefulcomparison with mine to see if our firstimpression of them had been right: didthe two collections represent the samekind of hominid?Tim began putting the Laetoli castsout on the table. Compared with theHadar* material they were very skimpy.There was one mandible in fairly goodcondition, plus thirteen other fragments,some of them single teeth. Skimpy ornot, one fact came bursting from thesurface of the table: the two sets of fossilswere startlingly alike. Wherever directcomparisons could be made, they werevirtually identical. Over a period of daysand with great care we checked thespécimens against each other, tooth bytooth, cusp by cusp. It was an uncannyexpérience. Finally I said, "My big onesare the same as Mary's big ones.""That's what I told you.""But not Lucy. She's différent.""Yes, she's différent because she's afemale. We may hâve sexual dimor-phism hère. Also allometry."* Hadar is in the Afar triangle, where Johanson found thefossils. Donald Johanson uses a paint brush toremove dirt from fossil bones at Hadar,Ethiopia."Now, wait a minute.""Think about allometry," said Tim.Allometry is a phenomenon wellknown to anatomists. It touches on thefact that among different-sized individuals in a population the relative size ofcertain bones or teeth may vary. This isparticularly true among the primates —true in two ways. Maies are not onlylarger than females; they are also propor-tioned differently. A maie baboon, forexample, is not merely a blown-up replaça of a female baboon. It has an ex-tremely large canine tooth, far larger inproportion to the rest of its teeth than thecanine in any female. A paleontologistwho knew baboons only through a collection of female jaws and teeth, andwho suddenly came across a single maiecanine, could be excused if he assigned itto a différent species. "How could suchan enormous tooth," he would say tohimself, "be accommodated in any of thejaws I know? The jaws themselves wouldhâve to be differently shaped."This discussion is relevant to Lucybecause she has notably small frontteeth. That is one reason her jaw has itsdistinctive V-shape: her four incisors arenot big enough to require that the jaw bewide in front. At that rime, I was con-6 UNrVERSrTY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/Spring 1981vinced that there were two species ofhominids, or humanlike fossils, at Hadar, and that thèse were two forms ofearly Homo, or one Homo, one Australopithecus. An australopithecine (theearliest hominid identified to date andbelieved by many scientists to be ances-tral to humans) has very big back teeth.Some of thèse teeth are twice the size ofhuman molars; the enamel on the backteeth is extremely thick: and front teethare remarkably small in comparison tothe back teeth.When you pick up one of the Hadarjaws you don't see those things. You see,on the average, smaller molars, and yousee larger front teeth. Those are humantraits. That is what Richard and MaryLeakey responded to when they first sawthe Hadar jaws. I don't blâme them.Richard, in fact, had already made up hismind about how to classify the fossils hehad been finding at Lake Turkana. Heput them ail in two groups. The oneswith massive jaws and molars he wascalling Australopithecus. The ones withsmall jaws and molars he was callingHomo. When he got to Hadar and foundspécimens there that were small-toothlike the Turkana spécimens, it was nat-ural for him to regard them as Homo too.w ith Lucy I had no prob-lem. She was so odd thatthere was no question a-bout her not being a human. She simply wasn't. She was toolittle. Her brain was too small. Her jawwas the wrong shape. With those seem-ingly "primitive" traits staring me in theface, I interpreted other things in herdentition as primitive also, as pointingaway from the human condition andback in the direction of apes. That thelarger jaws had some of those sameprimitive features did not seem so signif-icant to me.Tools were also on my mind. Wehad found them at Hadar at a tentativedate of 2.5 million. That was a real eye-bulger because there were no other toolsin the world that were that old. What wasI to make of that when I knew that peoplehad been trying for years to associatestone tools with australopithecines andhad never succeeded? What was I tomake of it when I thought about LouisLeakey at Olduvai, searching aroundamong the tools there, and finally com-ing up with Homo habilis as their maker —a human? That put both tools and Homoback close to two million years. If only human beings could make tools — andwe had found tools at 2.5 million — thenthe logic was very strong to push Homo atleast that far back.Logical, maybe, but also biased. Iwas trying to jam the évidence of datesinto a pattern that would support conclusions about fossils which, on closer inspection, the fossils themselves wouldnot sustain. At any rate, that was mygênerai line of thought when Tim and Ibegan our first thorough review of theLaetoli and Hadar collections. I wasstrongly biased in considering that thelarger jaws represented some form ofvery early Homo — the earliest Homo yetknown. I was fairly sure that Lucy wassomething else. Tim was not so sure ofthe uniqueness of Lucy, but he too feltthat there were strong Homo affinities in"In paleoanthropology. . .there are noE=MC2 révélations.Récognition cornesslowly, almostby hin^sight."ithe rest of the collection. It was only afterwe had started looking at the fossils care-fully that we began to hâve secondthoughts. What were we to make of features that were not like those of eitherHomo or Australopithecus but seemedmarkedly more apelike?Privately we were worrying aboutthat, but neither of us said anything tothe other until one day when we had oneof the site-333 First Family spécimens onthe mat, an adult partial cranium num-bered AL333-45. It was a little thing, witha strongly apelike arrangement of musclemarkings on the back of its skull. Timtook a careful look at it and said, "That'sa really weird fossil. Tell me, honestly,are you going to try to call that Homo?"I said, "Are you going to try to call itAustralopithecus?" That stumped him; if he took theSouth African fossils as models, hecouldn't.I think it was at that moment that itdawned on us that Richard Leakey'sdichotomy would not serve us. Up tothen we had found his catégories useful.Quite suddenly it was clear that 333-45would fit neither of them."A third thing?" Tim said.I nodded. "Maybe." I didn't want tosay that there also might be a fourth:Lucy. Not right then. Discussion of Lucywith Tim more often than not led to arguments which could not seem to résolvethemselves.We decided to review a famouspaper by an Englishman, Sir Wilfred LeGros Clark, who, in the 1950s, had ad-dressed himself to the ongoing confusion about the identity of australopithecines.Despite the growth of knowledgeabout them, there were many scientistswho still clung to the belief that they didnot qualify as hominids. Le Gros Clarkdecided to set that doubt at rest. He listedeleven clear and consistent différences inthe teeth of apes and humans. He thenlaid australopithecines alongside forcomparison, and found that in every respect the australopithecines were humanlike and not apelike. His paper de-scribing that comparison was a landmarkin paleoanthropology; it demolishedforever any lingering doubt that theTaung Baby and ail the other South African fossils were hominids and not somepeculiar kind of erect- walking apes. Whynot, we thought, subject our fossils tothe same kind of review to see wherethey fell?By the middle of the summer of 1977we were ready to go. We had chim-panzee and gorilla spécimens. We had afine collection of South African australopithecine casts. We had the Laetoliand Hadar material organized. To ana-lyze it properly we would hâve to con-sider three questions:1) Did we hâve something new, orwas it too much like something alreadyknown to deserve the label "new"?2) If it was new, how did it relateto other known material? In other words,where might it fit on a family tree?3) What should it be named?Having satisfied ourselves that LeGros Clark's comparisons were stillsound, Tim and I began putting our ownfossils down on the table. I got quite ashock. That was not so much because7our jaws looked primitive. I had ex-pected that. It was because they lookedso very primitive. Instead of being humanwith apish tendencies, they seemedmore apish with human tendencies.What was crystal-clear was that Laetoliand Hadar stood somewhere betweenapes and humans and appeared to beneither one nor the other.No single one of the many différences we identified, taken by itself,would hâve made that case. But when alarge number of différences is found andwhen they are consistent through a largenumber of spécimens, then one can be-gin drawing conclusions about themwith increasing confidence. In paleoanthropology one does not hâve brilliantflashes of insight. There are no E=MC2révélations. Récognition cornes slowly,almost by hindsight. You catch yourselfsaying, "So that's the way it is; whydidn't I think of it sooner?" We workedour way through those fossils one trait ata time, only gradually coming to an un-derstanding of what it was we were deal-ing with. By the end of the summer wehad logged a sufficient number of différences in our sample to convince us thatthe Laetoli-Hadar individuals were distinct from apes and from any of the laterhominids.In short, our point-by-point reviewhad answered our first question: we défini tely had something new. The onlyquibble was: did we hâve one or two newthings? I held out for two; Tim, for one.Although I was convinced by thattime that the collection covered such awide range of sizes that Lucy's smallnesswas in itself no barrier to her being in-cluded with the others, I continued tohold out that the V-shape of her jaw wasdifférent. Also there was an understand-able reluctance to back down from anearlier position taken publicly and inprint. Finally, Tim laid down a séries offossils in a row on the table. He hadselected them for size — a graduatedséries of jaws running from the largest tothe smallest in the collection. WhenLucy's jaw was placed at the end of theséries, it became plain that she belongedthere. There was a compelling shrinkageof features down to her. She differed onlyin the narrowness of the front of her jaw.Otherwise she had the same set of primitive teeth that both of us, after months ofmulling over them, could now recognizeinstantly as being représentative of ourfossil collection — and no other. But I wasstubborn. "How can you ignore twenty otherfeatures — an overwhelming similarity —and get stuck on this différence in thejaw?" askedTim."Because it is a différence," I said.Tim then insisted that we gothrough the laborious arithmetical pro-cess of scaling down to Lucy-size ail theother jaws. When this was done, thewidth differential at the front nearly dis-appeared. Some were a bit wider, but asTim pointed out, this was because thefront teeth of maies were slightly biggerthan the front teeth of females. Afterthat, Lucy's peculiarity vanished. It hadbecome an exercise in allometry, as Timhad predicted.The Lucy problem disposed of,we now had a remarkably clearand consistent view of theLaetoli-Hadar hominids. Theydisplayed thèse characteristics:1) Despite great variability in size,ail the fossils were samples from a singlespecies. Size différences were gréa ter atHadar than at Laetoli, but in neitherplace was there any spécimen that didnot fit comfortably within a reasonablerange of variation from a mathematicallyderived "average individual." At the lowend among the adult spécimens wasLucy, who was little more than three andone-half feet tall and probably weighedabout sixty pounds. At the high endwere individuals five feet tall and weigh-ing up to one hundred and fifty pounds.In addition to size variations among individuals of the same sex, there was alsovariation between sexes. This wasparticularly marked in the jaw, and ex-plained the tendency to a V-shape thatthe smaller females had.2) Although small, thèse were ex-tremely powerful créatures. Their bonestended to be thick for their size, and hadmarkings on them that showed them tohâve been heavily muscled. As Tim saidone day: "Although I'm bigger than achimp, I'm not nearly as strong. I wouldnot want to go one-on-one unarmed andin a locked room with one; he'd certainlykill me before I could kill him. Ourhominids look to hâve been at least asstrong as chimps."3) They were fully bipedal. Thiswas demonstrated by fossil évidence atHadar and confirmed by footprints atLaetoli.4) Their arms were slightly longerfor their size than the arms of humans.5) Their hands were like human hands, except for a tendency for the Angers to curl a bit more. Certain of theirwrist bones were extremely apelike.6) Their brains were very small, ofa size comparable in scale to the brains ofchimpanzees.7) Their overall appearance couldbe summed up as follows: smallish, es-sentially human bodies with heads thatwere more ape-shaped than human-shaped. Their jaws were large and for-ward-thrusting. They had no ohins. Theupper parts of their faces were small andchimplike. The crowns of their skullswere very low. Maie or female, theyprobably were hairier than modem humans. How much hairier cannot be de-termined. The color of their hair is un-known.8) There is no évidence that theymade or used stone tools. This does notmean that they did not, only that no linkbetween their fossils and tools has yetbeen found. The earliest known toolsfrom anywhere are those found at Hadarby Roche and Harris. They appear to be amillion years younger than the youngestfossils in the collection. The actual fab-ricator of those tools awaits discovery.9) They flourished from aboutfour million years ago to about three million years ago. During that time they un-derwent little or no evolutionary change.So informed, and now secure in ourconviction that we were dealing with anew and distinct species of hominid, wefound it no longer possible to write amerely descriptive paper, as we hadoriginally planned. Our investigationshad carried us beyond that; we had anobligation to report what we hadlearned. That brought us face to face withthe second question: how did our speciesrelate to other hominids already des-cribed and named? In other words, whatsort of family tree should we draw thatfitted what we knew about our species towhat we knew about Homo habilis, Australopithecus africanus and Australopithecus robustus? More specifically, was ourspecies to be classified as a human being,or was it too primitive?We were stuck again. To résolve theargument, we decided to make measure-ments of the length and breadth of ail theteeth of the various fossil types in ourcollection. For représentative tooth samples we selected the third molar, the firstpremolar, and the canine and made abiométrie analysis. Our analysis showedvery clearly that as far as tooth size goes,the Hadar fossils are a great deal more« UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAC AZINE/Spring 1981like Homo than they are like the australopithecines.The analysis also showed that therobust form is the least human in havingthe largest molars. For a long time,people had been thinking that those molars were saying "large is primitive." Butwhat they really were saying was "largeis la te australopithecine."Had I been looking through thewrong end of the télescope — backwardin time from two-million-year-old fossilsas I tried to interpret three-million-year-old ones? What if I turned the télescopearound? What if I accepted the Hadartype as the prototype? Then, on the évidence of its teeth, I would hâve to say,"small is primitive." Just the reverse ofwhat I had been thinking.I now saw that what I had taken for alate human trait was actually a primitiveone. A better word hère would be "old,"because primitive suggests somethingless good, less highly evolved, whereasin truth it may be perfectly good. Darwinhad said that évolution takes place as aresuit of natural sélection, which doesindeed hint that traits will graduallychange into newer, better-adapted ones.But Darwin never said that ail traits hâveto evolve at the same speed, or even thatcertain ones hâve to evolve at ail. In fact,if it serves its purpose well, a trait prob ably will not evolve.That appears to hâve been whathappened with the teeth we were study-ing. They had been under little or nosélection pressure on the Homo Une andhad changed very little. It was the australopithecine teeth that had changed. Theyhad gone in a direction of their own tosatisfy a life-style that would become in-creasingly specialized and lead to the de-velopment of larger and larger teeth.Our two arguments, along with ouranalysis of the fossils, had taken the en-tire summer. Night after night of workhad left us groggy with fatigue, but alsoin harmony. We now agreed on thefundamentals of a scénario that seemedthoroughly sound to both of us. We ar-gued some more, but like lawyers testingeach other, trying to find weak spots in abrief. We found none."What next?" I said to Tim."Well, if we've got something newand différent and older — are we abso-lutely sure about that?""Yes.""Then it's our responsibility to report that. We'U hâve to name a newspecies.""Species?""You're not suggesting that wename a new genus, are you?" said Tim."My God, no. Even a species will raise a big enough stink. I'm just thinking that we can't settle on a name untilwe've decided where our species fitswith respect to the other hominids. I'mthinking we haven't got an answer yet toour second question, the family-treequestion. What are we going to call it —Homo something?""A bit awkward since we've just decided it isn't Homo. ""What would you call it?"The first task was to décide whatgenus to put it in: Homo, Australopithecus,or Something else. We quickly eliminatedSomething else, which would hâve re-quired finding major différences between our fossils and ail the others.Those did not exist; ail were bipedalhominids, closely related. Homo was alsoeliminated — but not quite so easily. Wewere still vaguely considering that possi-bility when Owen Lovejoy, (a world au-thority on locomotion who teaches atKent State University, Kent, OH),walked into the lab late one afternoon."With the family tree you've justbuilt, you can't call it Homo," he an-nounced."Why not?""Because you've made it ancestral tothe other australopithecines. Theywould hâve to become Homo too. Trythat and everybody will begin beating onyou. They'U turn you into a couple ofknuckle walkers overnight. YouTl neverbe able to straighten up again." His brayof laughter was like a dash of cold water.The logical choice was Australopithecus.The fossils proclaimed it. We accepted it.Farewell Old Homo, vanished at last atabout two million.For a species name we cast aboutamong several. I suggested Australopithecus laetolensis, saying that it wouldplease Mary Leakey."I don't think that's such a hotidea," said Tim. "You hâve ail the bestfossils. Give them your name."" Johansonensis? Corne on.""No, no. I mean the name of yourplace. Hadarensis."That did not satisfy me, because Iknew that huge yet-untapped areas a-round Hadar were fossil-bearing and infuture years might be even moreimportant than Hadar. I felt we shouldacknowledge that possibility and use thename of the entire région: the Afartriangle."Okay, afarensis, " said White.Australopithecus afarmsis was agreedon. ¦Redesigning Humans' Family TreeThe most vvidely accepted family tree for human beings shows Australopithecusafricanus as the ancestor of robustus and Homo, (left). After analyzing the finds fromHadar, Johanson and White constructed a new diagram, (right), making afarensis acommon ancestor to the later australopithecines as well as to Homo. This versionchallenges the Leakeys' belief that australopithecines were an evolutionary dead endand that the human Unes reach farther back in time.As the chart indicates, tools appear to be a Homo invention. There is little évidencethat australopithecines made or used tools.9Astronomer Cari Sagan takes us onan extraordinary journey through spacewhere "we float like a mote of dustin the morning sky."By Cari Sagan,AB'54, SB'55, SM'56, PhD'60The Cosmos is ail that is or ever wasor ever will be. Our feeblest contemplations of the Cosmos stirus — there is a tingling in the spine, acatch in the voice, a faint sensation, as if adistant memory, of falling from a height.We know we are approaching thegreatest of mysteries.The size and âge of the Cosmos arebeyond ordinary human understanding.Lost somewhere between immensityand eternity is our tiny planetary home.In a cosmic perspective, most humanconcerns seem insignificant, even petty.And yet our species is young and curiousand brave and shows much promise. Inthe last few millenia we hâve made themost astonishing and unexpected dis-coveries about the Cosmos and our placewithin it, explorations that are exhilarat-ing to consider. They remind us that humans hâve evolved to wonder, that understanding is a joy, that knowledge isprerequisite to survival. I believe our future dépends on how well we know thisCosmos in which we float like a mote ofdust in the morning sky.The surface of the Earth is the shoreof the cosmic océan. From it we hâvelearned most of what we know. Re-cently, we hâve waded a little out to sea,enough to dampen our toes or, at most,wet our ankles. The water seems invit-ing. The océan calls. Some part of ourbeing knows this is from where we came.We long to return. Thèse aspirations arenot, I think, irreverent, although theymay trouble whatever gods may be.The dimensions of the Cosmos areso large that using familiar units of dis-tance, such as meters or miles, chosen| for their utility on Earth, would makeS" little sensé. Instead, we measure dis-o| tance with the speed of light. In one sec-8 ond a beam of light travels 186,000 miles,g nearly 300,000 kilometers or seven rimes| around the Earth . In eight minutes it willg travel from the Sun to the Earth. We canjz say the Sun is eight light-minutes away.| In a year, it crosses nearly ten trillionS kilometers, about six trillion miles, of in-g- * We use the American scientific convention for large num-| bers: one billion = 1,000,000,000 = 10 9: one trillion =< 1,000,000,000,000 = 10 n, etc. The exponent counts theg number ofzeroes after the one.(/>g5 This article is adapted from the book. Cosmos, by CariS Sagan. Copyright 1980 by Cari Sagan Productions, Inc.JE Reprinted by permission of Random House, Inc. tervening space. That unit of length, thedistance light goes in a year, is called alight-year. It measures not time butdistances — enormous distances.The Earth is a place. It is by nomeans the only place. It is not even atypical place. No planet or star or galaxycan be typical, because the Cosmos ismostly empty. The only typical place iswithin the vast, cold, universal vacuum,the everlasting night of intergalacticspace, a place so strange and desolatethat, by comparison, planets and starsand galaxies seem achingly rare andlovely . If we were randomly inserted intothe Cosmos, the chance that we wouldfind ourselves on or near a planet wouldbe less than one in a billion trillion trillion* (1033, a one followed by 33 zeroes).In everyday life such odds are calledcompelling. Worlds are precious.From an intergalactic vantage pointwe would see, strewn like sea froth onthe waves of space, innumerable faint,wispy tendrils of light. Thèse are thegalaxies. Some are solitary wanderers;most inhabit communal clusters, huddl-ing together, drifting endlessly in thegreat cosmic dark. Before us is theCosmos on the grandest scale we know.We are in the realm of the nebulae, eightbillion light-years from Earth, halfway tothe edge of the known universe.A galaxy is composed of gas anddust and stars — billions uponbillions of stars. Every star maybe a sun to someone. Within a galaxy arestars and worlds and, it may be, a prolifération of living things and intelligentbeings and spacefaring civilizations. Butfrom afar, a galaxy reminds me more of acollection of lovely found objects — sea-shells, perhaps, or corals, the productions of Nature laboring for aeons in thecosmic océan.There are some hundred billion(10 n) galaxies, each with, on the aver-age, a hundred billion stars. In ail thegalaxies, there are perhaps as manyplanets as stars, 1011 x 1011 = 1022, tenbillion trillion. In the face of such over-powering numbers, what is the likeli-hood that only one ordinary star, theSun, is accompanied by an inhabitedplanet? Why should we, tucked away insome forgotten corner of the Cosmos,be so fortunate? To me, it seems far morelikely that the universe is brimming overwith life. But we humans do not yetknow. We are just beginrung our explorations. From eight billion light-yearsn"Somewhere in the Galaxy there are stars —perhaps dozens ofthem — that are the brothers andsisters of the Sun, formed. . .somefive billion years ago. "away we are hard pressed to find eventhe cluster in which our Milky WayGalaxy is embedded, much less the Sunor the Earth. The only planet we are sureis inhabited is a tiny speck of rock andmétal, shining feebly by reflected sunlight, and at this distance utterly lost.But presently our journey takes us towhat astronomers on Earth like to call theLocal Group of galaxies. Several millionlight-years across, it is composed ofsome twenty constituent galaxies. It is asparse and obscure and unpretentiouscluster. One of thèse galaxies is M31,seen from the Earth in the constellationAndromeda. Like other spiral galaxies, itis a huge pinwheel of stars, gas and dust.M31 has two small satellites, dwarf el-liptical galaxies bound to it by gravity, bythe identical law of physics that tends tokeep me in my chair. The laws of natureare the same throughout the Cosmos.We are now two million light-years fromhome.Beyond M31 is another, very similargalaxy, our own, its spiral arms tumingslowly, once every quarter billion years.Now, forty thousand light-years fromhome, we find ourselves falling towardthe massive center of the Milky Way. Butif we wish to find the Earth, we mustredirect our course to the remote out-skirts of the Galaxy, to an obscure localenear the edge of a distant spiral arm.Our overwhelming impression,even between spiral arms, is ofstars streaming by us — a vastarray of exquisitely self-luminous stars,some as flimsy as a soap bubble and solarge that they could contain tenthousand Suns or a trillion Earths; othersthe size of a small town and a hundredtrillion times denser than lead. Somestars are solitary, like the Sun. Most hâvecompanions. Systems are commonlydouble, two stars orbiting one another.But there is a continuous gradation fromtriple Systems through loose clusters of afew dozen stars to the great globular Cari Saganclusters, resplendent with a millionsuns. Some double stars are so close thatthey touch, and starstuff flows betweenthem. Most are as sépara ted as Jupiter isfrom the Sun. Some stars, the supernovae, are as bright as the entire galaxythat contains them; others, the blackholes, are invisible from a few kilometersaway. Some shine with a constantbrightness; others flicker uncertainly orblink with an unfaltering rhythm. Somerotate in stately élégance; others spin sofeverishly that they distort themselves tooblateness. Most shine mainly in visibleand infrared light; others are also brilliantsources of X-rays or radio waves. Bluestars are hot and young; yellow stars,conventional and middle-aged; redstars, often elderly and dying; and smallwhite or black stars are in the final throesof death. The Milky Way contains some400 billion stars of ail sorts moving with acomplex and orderly grâce. Of ail thestars, the inhabitants of Earth knowclose-up, so far, but one.Each star System is an island inspace, quarantined from its neighbors bythe light-years. I can imagine créatures evolving into glimmerings of knowledgeon innumerable worlds, every one ofthem assuming at first their puny planetand paltry few suns to be ail that is. Wegrow up in isolation. Only slowly do weteach ourselves the Cosmos.Stars and their accompanyingplanets are born in the gravita-tional collapse of a cloud of inter-stellar gas and dust. The collision of thegas molécules in the interior of the cloudheats it, eventually to the point wherehydrogen begins to fuse into hélium:four hydrogen nuclei combine to form ahélium nucleus, with an attendant re-lease of a gamma-ray photon. Sufferingaltemate absorption and émission by theoverlying matter, gradually working itsway toward the surface of the star, losingenergy at every step, the photon's epicjourney takes a million years until, asvisible light, it reaches the surface and isradia ted to space. The star has turned on.The gravitational collapse of the prestel-lar cloud has been halted.The weight ofthe outer layers of the star is now sup-ported by the high températures andpressures generated in the interior nu-clear reactions. The Sun has been in sucha stable situation for the past five billionyears. Thermonuclear reactions like those in a hydrogen bomb are poweringthe Sun in a contained and continuousexplosion, converting some four hundred million tons (4 x 10 14 grams) ofhydrogen into hélium every second.When we look up at night and view thestars, everything we see is shining because of distant nuclear fusion.In the direction of the star Deneb, inthe constellation of Cygnus the Swan, isan enormous glowing superbubble of ex-tremely hot gas, probably produced bysupernova explosions, the deaths ofstars, near the center of the bubble. Atthe periphery, interstellar matter is com-pressed by the supernova shock wave,triggering générations of cloud collapseand star formation. In this sensé, stars12 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/Spring 1981hâve parents; and, as is sometimes alsotrue for humans, a parent may die in thebirth of the child.Stars like the Sun are born inbatches, in great compressed cloud complexes such as the Orion Nebula. Seenfrom the outside, such clouds seem darkand gloomy. But inside, they are bril-liantly illuminated by the hot newbornstars. Later, the stars wander out of theirnursery to seek their fortunes in theMilky Way, stellar adolescents still sur-rounded by tufts of glowing nebulosity,residues still gravitationally attached oftheir amniotic gas. The Pléiades are anearby example. As in the families ofhumans, the maturing stars journey farfrom home, and the siblings see little ofeach other. Somewhere in the Galaxythere are stars — perhaps dozens ofthem — that are the brothers and sistersof the Sun, formed from the same cloudcomplex, some five billion years ago. Butwe do not know which stars they are.They may, for ail we know, be on theThe spiral galaxy M 51 and its companiongalaxy NGC 5195, located about 25 millionligh t years from the earth. other side of the Milky Way.The conversion of hydrogen intohélium in the center of the Sun not onlyaccounts for the Sun's brightness in pho-tons of visible light; it also produces aradiance of a more mysterious andghostly kind: The Sun glows faintly inneutrinos, which, like photons, weighnothing and travel at the speed of light.But neutrinos are not photons. They arenot a kind of light. Neutrinos, like protons, électrons and neutrons, carry anintrinsic angular momentum, or spin,while photons hâve no spin at ail. Matteris transparent to neutrinos, which passalmost effortlessly through the Earth andthrough the Sun. Only a tiny fraction ofthem is stopped by the intervening matter. As I look up at the Sun for a second, abillion neutrinos pass through my eye-ball. Of course, they are not stopped atthe retina as ordinary photons are butcontinue unmolested through the backof my head. The curious part is that if atnight I look down at the ground, towardthe place where the Sun would be (if theEarth were not in the way), almost exactly the same number of solar neutrinospass through my eyeball, pouring through an interposed Earth which is astransparent to neutrinos as a pane ofclear glass is to visible light.If our knowledge of the solar interioris as complète as we think, and if wealso understand the nuclear physicsthat makes neutrinos, then we should beable to calculate with fair accuracy howmany solar neutrinos we should receivein a given area — such as my eyeball — in agiven unit of time, such as a second.Expérimental confirmation of the calcu-lation is much more difficult. Sinceneutrinos pass directly through theEarth, we cannot catch a given one. Butfor a vast number of neutrinos, a smallfraction will interact with matter and inthe appropriate circumstances might bedetected. Neutrinos can on rare occasionconvert chlorine atoms into argon atoms,with the same total number of protonsand neutrons. To detect the predictedsolar neutrino flux, you need an immense amount of chlorine, so Americanphysicists hâve poured a huge quantityof cleaning fluid into the HomestakeMine in Lead, South Dakota. The chlorine is microchemically swept for theCOURTESY YERKES OBSERVATORY"A star is a phoenix, destined torisefora time from its own ashes'.'newly produced argon. The more argonfound, the more neutrinos inferred.Thèse experiments imply that the Sun isdimmer in neutrinos than the calcula-tions predict.There is a real and unsolved mysteryhère. The low solar neutrino flux probably does not put our view of stellarnucleosynthesis in jeopardy, but itsurely means something important.Proposed explanations range from thehypothesis that neutrinos fall to piècesduring their passage between the Sunand the Earth to the idea that the nuclearfires in the solar interior are temporarilybanked, sunlight being generated in ourtime partly by slow gravitational contraction. But neutrino astronomy is verynew. For the moment we stand amazedat having created a tool that can peerdirectly into the blazing heart of the Sun.As the sensitivity of the neutrino télescope improves, it may become possibleto probe nuclear fusion in the deep in-teriors of the nearby stars.But hydrogen fusion cannot continue forever: in the Sun or any otherstar, there is only so much hydrogen fuelin its hot interior. The fate of a star, theend of its life cycle, dépends very muchon its initial mass. If, after whatever matter it has lost to space, a star retains twoor three rimes the mass of the Sun, itends its life cycle in a startlingly différentmode than the Sun. But the Sun's fate isspectacular enough. When the centralhydrogen has ail reacted to form hélium,five or six billion years from now, thezone of hydrogen fusion will slowly mi-grate outward, an expanding shell ofthermonuclear reactions, until it reachesthe place where the températures are lessthan about ten million degrees. Thenhydrogen fusion will shut itself off.Meanwhile the self-gravity of the Sunwill force a renewed contraction of itshelium-rich core and a further increase inits interior températures and pressures.The hélium nuclei will be jammed to-gether still more tightly, so much so thatthey begin to stick together, the hooks oftheir short-range nuclear forces becoming engaged despite the mutual electrical repulsion. The ash will become fuel, andthe Sun will be triggered into a secondround of fusion reactions.This process will generate the éléments carbon and oxygen and provideadditional energy for the Sun to continueshining for a limited time. A star is aphoenix, destined to rise for a time fromits own ashes.* Under the combined influence of hydrogen fusion in a thin shellfar from the solar interior and the hightempérature hélium fusion in the core,the Sun will undergo a major change: itsexterior will expand and cool. The Sunwill become a red giant star, its visiblesurface so far from its interior that thegravity at its surface grows feeble, itsatmosphère expanding into space in akind of stellar gale. When the Sun, ruddyand bloated, becomes a red giant, it willenvelop and devour the planets Mercuryand Venus — and probably the Earth aswell. The inner solar System will thenréside within the Sun.Billions of years from now, therewill be a last perfect day on Earth.Thereafter the Sun will slowly become red and distended, presiding overan Earth sweltering even at the pôles.The Arctic and Antarctic icecaps willmelt, flooding the coasts of the world.The high oceanic températures will re-lease more water vapor into the air, in-creasing cloudiness, shielding the Earthfrom sunlight and delaying the end alittle. But solar évolution is inexorable.Eventually the océans will boil, the atmosphère will evaporate away to spaceand a catastrophe of the most immenseproportions imaginable will overtake ourplanet.** In the meantime, human beings will almost certainly hâve evolvedinto something quite différent. Perhapsour descendants will be able to control or* Stars more massive than the Sun achieve higher centraltempératures and pressures in their late evolutionarystages. They are able to rise more than once from theirashes, using carbon and oxygen as fuel for synthesizingstill heavier éléments.** The Aztecs foretold a time "when the Earth has becometired. . . , when the seed of Earth has ended. " On that day,they believed, the Sun will fall from the sky and the starswill be shaken from the heavens. modéra te stellar évolution. Or perhapsthey will merely pick up and leave forMars or Europa or Titan or, at last, asRobert Goddard envisioned, seek out anuninhabited planet in some young andpromising planetary System.The Sun's stellar ash can be reusedfor fuel only up to a point. Eventually thetime will corne when the solar interior isail carbon and oxygen, when at the pre-vailing températures and pressures nofurther nuclear reactions can occur. Afterthe central hélium is almost ail used up,the interior of the Sun will continue itspostponed collapse, the températureswill rise again, triggering a last round ofnuclear reactions and expanding the so-14 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAG AZINE/Spring 1981lar atmosphère a little. In its deaththroes, the Sun will slowly pulsate, expanding and contracting once every fewmillennia, eventually spewing its atmosphère into space in one or more con-centric shells of gas. The hot exposedsolar interior will flood the shell with ultraviolet light, inducing a lovely red andblue fluorescence extending beyond theorbit of Pluto. Perhaps half the mass ofthe Sun will be lost in this way. The solarSystem will then be filled with an eerieradiance, the ghost of the Sun, outwardbound.When we look around us in our littlecorner of the Milky Way, we see manystars surrounded by spherical shells of glowing gas, the planetary nebulae.(They hâve nothing to do with planets,but some of them seemed reminiscent ininferior télescopes of the blue-greendises of Uranus and Neptune.) They ap-pear as rings, but only because, as withbubbles, we see more of them at theperiphery than at the center. Everyplanetary nebula is a token of a star inextremis. Near the central star there maybe a retinue of dead worlds, the rem-nants of planets once full of life and nowairless and ocean-free, bathed in awraithlike luminance. The remains of theSun, the exposed solar core at first en-veloped in its planetary nebula, will be asmall hot star, cooling to space, collapsed The Veil Nebula, part ofan old spherical supernova remnant called the Cygnus Loop. Thesupernova explosion that formed it occurred a-bout 50,000 years ago. It is expanding at about100 kilometers per second, and is glowing fromcollisions with interstellar gas and dust.to a density unheard of on Earth, morethan a ton per teaspoonful. Billions ofyears hence, the Sun will become a de-generate white dwarf, cooling like ailthose points of light we see at the centersof planetary nebulae from high surfacetempératures to its ulti- |^^h^mhmate state, a dark and Idead black dwarf. IH^I^IHI15CONVERSATIONS AT CHICAGOCREAT1NGACLIMATE FOR DRUGABUSEIn the teens and twenties people were taughtthat alcohol and nicotine consumption were glamorous. Today, youthare taught the same, about marijuana, cocaine, and other drugs.Conversations at Chicago" is a na-tionaOy syndicated radio programwhich is heard each week on 120radio stations. It is produced at The University of Chicago by Robert Heitsch,AB'70, director of radio programs andproductions in the Office of Radio andTélévision. The modéra tor is Mil ton J.Rosenberg, professor of social psychol-ogy in the Department of Behaviorial Sciences and the Collège. Rosenberg hasbeen moderator for the past eight years.The program brings together experts who discuss timely issues of national interest. This April "Conversations at Chicago" celebrated its thir-teenth year of continuous programming.It is the "grandchild" (says Heitsch) ofthe original "University of ChicagoRound Table."In this issue we présent an adaptation of a conversation between Rosenberg and Dr. Edward C. Senay, professor in the Department of Psychiatry anddirector of the Drug Abuse Rehabilitation Program. Their topic was "DrugAbuse and Intoxication: A NationalEpidémie."ROSENBERG: Ed, let me read to youfrom a récent newspaper story: "Twonew reports from the Health and HumanServices Department indicate a sharpupturn in cocaine and marijuana use among Americans during the 1970s.More than one American adult in fourunder âge twenty-five has tried cocaine,and about one in twelve in this bracketuses it with some regularity."The study also shows that two ofthree young adults hâve used marijuana,half of them with regularity. A secondreport discloses an explosive growth inthe non-medical use of both soft andhard drugs in the last eighteen years."I find that more than distressing. Itseems to me évidence of considérablesocial, if not personal, pathology. I getincreasingly angry at the virtual accepta-bility of marijuana as — to use the jargonof contemporary hedonism — a kind offun thing to do. Hère I am referring to theway in which it is represented in themass média and in mass entertainments.Something strange has happened to thiscountry in relation to drugs.Am I merely being a middle-agedindignant who lacks understanding?SENAY: No, I share your indignation. Iam not sure I share your sensé of howthèse things corne about. Yes, we hâvehad an enormous increase in the accepta-bility, desirability, availability of a widerange of chemicals never before availableto American young people, or old peopleeither, for that matter. But socially andculturally we are doing what we did in the 1920s with alcohol.Prior to the 1920s alcohol was not associally acceptable in the United States asit later became, although there was agreat deal of pathology attributable toalcohol occurring before the 1920s, theflapper and bathtub gin era. During thattime the use of alcohol was seen assophisticated and smart, presented aswhat an able businessman, or an ablelover would do in our society. Alongwith that there was the more insidiousacceptance of nicotine.The socialization process around theuse of alcohol and nicotine occurred inthe teens and twenties, and we hâve nowgone through something like that with awhole new set of drugs. Marijuana, ofcourse, is the leading one, but by nomeans the only one.One of the figures that is not cited inthat newspaper article is one that causesme a lot of concern and that is that tenpercent of the high school seniors, classof 1979, across the country, saw fit to tryopiate drugs other than heroin. That in-cludes codéine, methadone, morphine,divalid percadan — a whole range of différent narcotic drugs.When ten percent of our youngpeople consider it fit to try drugs like thatit indicates that the barriers whichshould exist with respect to fear of thèsesubstances simply are not there.16 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAG AZINE/Spring 1981 .\v ^ CâSzvâKïfôiwpw &**JS5b¦ni«iwii*&..^^^gfV.;/17Dr. Edward C. SenayROSENBERG: I want to get clear on thesocial epidemiology of ail this. Is it dis-tinctly an American problem? Or is it aWorldwide problem that has arisen in ailof the Western, industrialized, urban-ized nations? Where is it located?SENAY: It is world-wide.ROSENBERG: Does it happen even intraditional societies?SENAY: Yes. I attended a meeting ofthird-world countries, sponsored by theWorld Health Organization, at whichthirteen third-world countries were rep-resented. They are witnessing exactlythe same kind of thing that we witnessedin the early 1960s. They hâve twelve,thirteen, and fourteen-year olds smoking marijuana, taking Valium, laughingat the notion that there could be something dangerous about doing this. Inmany Arab countries alcohol has notbeen a drug of use very much, or misuse,but that is changing now. So the problemis world-wide.We seem to be the leading edge ofthis spread; we hâve a drug problem ofmuch greater breadth in our society.ROSENBERG: How do we compare toWestern Europe, or to Canada?SENAY: They hâve exactly the same pat-tem but not in the same magnitude.ROSENBERG: How far behind us isCanada in this regard?SENAY: I'd say about five or ten yearsbehind. And England is probably aboutten years behind us. England is nowwhere we were in the middle 1960s. TheEnglish are just now beginning to hâve asociety something like ours. They are beginning to hâve ghettoes with substan-tial numbers of minorities.Along with that, although the "...the answer toour drug problem is,I think, to point outthat intoxication hasbeen sold as havingvirtues that it reallydoesn't hâve."British government says that it is not thecase, I hear from contacts I hâve in drugtreatment networks in England that thenumber of drug-using people, heroin-using people, for example, is increasing.In some places, the number is increasingvery rapidly.ROSENBERG: One needs an interpre-tive hypothesis, even if only then to putit aside after one has collected data sug-gested by the hypothesis. One interpra-tive hypothesis that has been around forsome time runs something like this (andthough it is focussed especially onAmerica it might be applied to thoseother urbanized, industrialized societies): Modem life, with the sinking ofreligious faith, with increasing power-lessness experienced by ordinary urbanpeople, has grown more meaningless,and a quality of private despair begins topenetrate through everyday existence.This has driven people to search, if notfor meaning, at least for some antidote tothe anomic disorder of daily life. This hasset them looking for some way to transpose their otherwise pained emotionallives, or their otherwise dwindled or de-cayed emotionality. The addiction todrugs, and the high-risk adventure ofusing thèse opiates and other narcoticshas been an answer discovered in ourtime. It is then a reflection of socialpathology, and ail social pathology hasto be understood ultimately as generat-ing individual psychopathology. Sodrugs are symptoms of both social andindividual pathology.SENAY: I start where you do — thethings that used to support people, suchas a sensé of religion, a sensé of com-munity, a sensé of belonging to an ex-tended family, are no longer there. Idon't agrée that this causes the degree of Milton J. Rosenbergpain that you seem to see.What I do think it causes is a vul-nerability to the hawking of intoxicationas some kind of answer. There is noquestion in my mind that people — evenrelatively stable and well-informed people — can be recruited into careers of druguse, careers in which intoxication beginsto supplant some important things.I think the advent of technology hascaused major cultural changes. There isno way that we could live with the valuesof a rural agricultural society. Thingshâve broken down and nothing has taken their place that is culturally meaning-ful. We really hâve a trash culture inwhich intoxication is a very marketableproduct. And a lot of people are marketing it very hard.Given this analysis, the answer toour drug problem is, I think, to point outthat intoxication has been sold as havingvirtues that it really doesn't hâve. What agovernment should really do — and theU.S. government sounds as if it is con-cerned with public health and the drugproblem — is to put up counter propa-ganda.ROSENBERG: I don't quite understandwho has been doing the selling andthrough what média. If you look at alcohol, there is a lot of advertising, to besure. But nobody is advertising marijuana as a —SENAY: Oh, yes they are! Marijuana hasbeen advertised very strongly by thecounter-culture, and it has a very considérable press.ROSENBERG: But there are no firmsthat market marijuana, who print hull-page ads in TIME or Newsweek, tellingyou the advantages of their brand ofmarijuana over others and generallycommending marijuana use.18 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAG AZINE/Spring 1981SENAY: Well, there are many peoplewho are pro-marijuana who are doingthat job. I can recall, for example, watch-ing a télévision program on which acomic I like a lot became fairly seriousand said that he never wrote his materialunless he was high on marijuana. Thiswasn't late at night, either, it was aroundeight or nine in the evening.There has been a strong promotionof drugs in rock music. It is somethingakin to the phenomenon of a W.C. Fieldsmovie, where it is implied that it is onlywhen people use alcohol that they arereally genuine. W.C. Fields is shown as aman who is much put upon by his up-wardly mobile wife whose values arefalse, and the only time he ever has anyfun is when he drinks.ROSENBERG: Of course, by analogyone could draw that lesson about marijuana from ail sorts of drug advertising.Télévision commercials talk about "littleblue pills" that somehow reduce normalanxiety and help you face a hard day'stensions. We hâve had many years ofthat kind of legitimated advertising bythe drug firrns, for over-the-countermédications. The whole notion is thatthere are substances that will alter yourmood for the better.SENAY: I think the leading edge of thatis what we say in our movies, press,radio, and télévision about the rôle ofintoxication. The alcohol and nicotinepeople would be horrified to think thiswas true, but when they are promotingpleasure or intoxication from their drugsthey are unwittingly promoting intoxication from cocaine, heroin, marijuana. Because they are selling the value. They areselling a culture in which those things areacceptable, désirable.ROSENBERG: As a psychiatrist you arequite familiar with this simple fact: noteverybody succumbs. There are verysignificant différences. You can go downan ordinary block, a working class district in Chicago, where the fathers aresteelworkers and the mothers still, forthe most part, stay at home, and onethird of the kids may hâve a heavy marijuana habit, or they may be using cocaineor quaaludes, and two thirds of them —essentially the same in terms of superfi-cial sociological description — are not doing anything of the sort. What are theindividual factors favoring prédisposition to getting hooked by this propa-ganda?SENAY: Well, there is a disparity be tween the culture of their parents and theculture that says marijuana is okay. Andthey are exposed much more to télévision than they are to their parents. Theculture they get in school, even frommany teachers, is pro-marijuana. Also, itis not uncommon for us to find teen-agers who hâve been turned on by theirparents, who think that they are doingsometing to enhance sophistication.ROSENBERG: Yes, but let's go back tothat block in Chicago, or in any majorAmerican city — why does one kid go forit, while the kid next door, who is essentially from the same background and isliving the same sort of life, doesn't?SENAY: Well, your question dépends onwhether you ask it in 1981 or 1971. Let merernind you that the national data showthat where maybe ten years ago onebought drugs and two did not, now twoare buying drugs and one isn't.ROSENBERG: You suggest that inanother ten years there will be noexceptions?SENAY: Sometimes, to liven up somelectures, I've started by saying that tenyears from now in the aisle in the su-permarket where there is now béer, or atthe cigarette counter, there will bebarbiturates for sale, there will be cocaine for sale, there will be différent grades ofmarijuana for sale, and possibly therewill be phencycladine* for sale. In otherwords, we are getting sorialized into theuse of thèse drugs and it is quite possiblethat it might be three out of three peopleusing drugs. It wouldn't be a bad bet.At any rate, the reason why, in 1981,one would not take drugs and two wouldis, as you anticipate, very complicated.The one may elect not to do it becausethat is his or her way of getting someidentity, whereas the others are usingthe marijuana and pills as a way of dif-ferentiating themelves from their parents, or as a way of purchasing friend-ship from peers who are strongly into it,and as a way of feeling good. Many ofthèse drugs stimulate pleasure centers inthe human brain, and are quite re-warding.ROSENBERG: We may be frightening amillion American parents who are listen-ing to this program. If two out of three oftheir kids are doing it, what exactly arethey doing?SENAY: They're trying it out. From apublic health point of view they're put-ting themselves at risk. I think it is timewe examined what we are doing with'Phencycladine has several nicknames: "angel dust",'PCP", "zoo", "hog".Prevalence and Recency of UseEleven Types of Drugs, Oass of 1980» &What's the pattern of drug use among récent high school graduâtes? The graph abovereveals findings of a survey made among the nation's high school seniors, Class of 1980.Research was done by The University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research, withfunding from the National Institute on Drug Abuse.19psychoactive substances and begin to tryto draw some public health profile ofwhat it's costing us. Right now the bestbet is that there are maybe nine or tenmillion persons who hâve problems associa ted with alcohol. Another one totwo million each year hâve severe trouble from nicotine — emphysema, cancerof the bladder, cancer of the lung, andthe like. Very severe problems. It takes along time to develop them.Slowly we are beginning to appre-ciate that the widespread use of pot isprobably going to cause pulmonaryproblems. It is probably going to be as-sociated with some increase in automobile accidents, and may be associatedwith some kind of deficiency in the abil-ity to fight off some diseases or infections. It may be associated with aphenomenon like the fetal alcohol syndrome.ROSENBERG: Isn't there another set ofrisks? AU of the bad conséquences ofnicotine that you hâve just mentionedconcem physical détérioration and dis-ease. Marijuana has such conséquences,but does it not also hâve significantpsychological conséquences — if not forthe basic altération of personality, at leastfor altération of the balance betweenpsychological strengths and weakness-es? For example, we hâve heard of a pat-tern which has been labelled amotiva-tional syndrome, associated with exten-sive heavy reliance on marijuana.SENAY: Well, it's the same kind ofsyndrome you can see in people whotake any thing that produces sedation. Idon't know that it is peculiar to marijuana. What is unique to marijuana, Ithink, ,as far as the number of users go, isthat while people are intoxicated they arenot growing. A teenager, or an eleven ortwelve-year-old who is intoxicated a lotevery day is not getting the appropriatepsychological growth, and, probably,the data suggest, is inhibiting biologicalprocesses that should be taking place.ROSENBERG: As the youngster facessome of the difficult problems of growththat are normal in the second décade oflife, but handles those problems by in-toxicating himself, he is in fact deferringthe confrontation with difficulties that hemust pass through if he is going to become a mature person.SENAY: Right, and he may be inhibitinggrowth processes that are requisite if heis going to attain his full phsycial growth .ROSENBERG: And yet you see a time when perhaps ten years from now theyare going to sell it on the counters of oursupermarkets?SENAY: Right now we are in a phasewhere there is a reaction to the kind oflibertarianism with respect to drugs thatcharacterized the 1960s and most of the1970s. A lot of parents are beginning toget really upset at the sight of seventhand eighth graders getting intoxicated atail. So there is some kind of reaction. Idon't hâve any feeling for how that isgoing to go. My guess would be thatmarijuana will eventually be legalized.Despite the health conséquences somany people are using it that to main tainany kind of criminal or penalty status isnot going to be tenable politically for toomuch longer.ROSENBERG: There are organizationswhich advocate legalization or decrimi-nalization of marijuana. I've always feltstrongly opposed to that, perhaps just oncrochety grounds, because the world ischanging in ways that I, as a person withfixed values, don't necessarily favor. Butit does seem to me that if you legalizemarijuana, you are in fact giving anotherstrong, positive reinforcement to thatwhole infatuation with intoxication thatyou say is the basic problem.SENAY: I think there is no question thatwe will pay a heavy social cost for it. Andthe drugs that are right behind marijuanaare cocaine and heroin. The Drug AbuseCouncil's report strongly suggested thatwe use heroin in treatment programs,although there is no expérience behindsuch a suggestion, nor any data. Theyhâve experimented with giving heroin tonarcotics addicts in England, and theyare winding down that experiment. Mostof the doctors there are not enamored ofwhat they see, as the resuit of givingpeople heroin every day.ROSENBERG: I think ail of this may be avariant of, to use Oswald Spengler'sgreat title, The Décline ofthe West. What isto be done?SENAY: Well, I feel like some kind ofrevivalist preacher, but there are someforces which are even stronger than theones I've been describing. Most peoplewant to be healthy. I think, on balance,we are not going to be destroyed by this.But we are going to pay a tragic price.Look at alcohol, for example. Ahundred million people in the countryuse alcohol, and maybe ten percent ofthem are in trouble at any time.I think it is a shame that we can'torient ourselves more toward pursuits that would recreate some sensé of com-munity. Certainly our minorities don'tneed any more drug problems. We needto get on a national kick of buildingthings, building the country, buildingour own bodies, our own health, ourown families, our own communities.ROSENBERG: What about some strongcounter-propaganda?SENAY: There's no money in it. Therereally is no immédiate way of getting areturn for selling the value of health.You don't get any retum from saying:What you are doing may be slick andsophisticated at âge thirty-five, but itmay only take ten years of heavy marijuana smoking to do what it takes twentyyears of nicotine smoking to accomplish,to get yourself a nice cancer, or somesevere pulmonary infection.ROSENBERG: Why not do somethingin law? One great blight on the Americanscène are little stores known as "head"shops. They sell the paraphemalia fordrugs and surely that serves to legitimatedrug use and render it more attractive tomany young people. Why don't wemake the head shops an illégal opération?SENAY: It's been tried in several statesand the results are very mixed. A question of civil liberties. And there is apragmatic question: Does it work? Theresults so far suggest it really doesn'twork ail that well. A lot of thèse shopsadvertise for the ten and eleven-year-oldset. They sell false I.D.'s, for example.And they sell machines that concentratethe dose of marijuana and other substances. In proposed législation in whichthey would regulate themselves, theydon't even use the word drug. They saymarijuana is an herb. That's nonsense.ROSENBERG: What recommendationsdo you hâve?SENAY: What I hope they do, instead ofstriking out at anybody like the headshop operators, is to try to figure outhow we can promote the truth about intoxication, and more than that, sell thevalue of health, the value of self-respect.ROSENBERG: Do you know any reasonwhy the government should not get intothe business of selling the value ofhealth?SENAY: The government should sell thevalue of health because there is no op-posing force to the very strong commercial forces that are going to cause us a lotof grief if they are not counteracted. ¦20 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAG AZINE/Spring 1981soYOU The Collège Bowlis back- and Chicago'sQuiz Kids are among thebest in the nation.THINKYOURESMART?What is the capital of Botswana?Who is the only father-and-son team to win the NobelPrize? How did Gulliver put out the fire inthe royal castle of Lilliput?*If you can answer thèse questions,you hâve the makings of a bowler. Collège Bowl-er, that is.Collège Bowl first appeared in the1950s as a radio quiz game and then as atélévision program, testing gêneraiknowledge in science, politics, history,music, art, literature, language, popularculture, and sports. In the télévisionshow, moderated first by Allen Ludden,and later by Robert Earl, two teams offour bright collegians matched wits on asplit screen every Sunday afternoon. Thegame simulated a sporting event, with"toss-up" questions, halves, cheeringsections, and team huddles.The show was withdrawn from theair in 1969 by its corporate creator, Collège Bowl, Inc., because, said aspokesman, the corporation was beingrestructured. But the program was re-vived in 1976, when the Association ofCollège Unions International, a profes-sional organisation of student activitiespersonnel, asked the corporation to helpthem set up a campus version of thepopular game.Soon Collège Bowl, Inc. arranged tobroadcast intercollegiate matches onCBS Radio. (The CBS Radio "Game of the Week" is heard in Chicago onWBBM-Radio at 7:30 p.m. Sundays.) Thehost of the current show is former"Jeopardy" emcee, Art Herning.More than five hundred schoolsparticipate in national Collège Bowl compétition. The University of Chicago Collège Bowl team was formed a year and ahalf ago. Last year, the fledgling teamplaced fifth in the national radio cham-pionships, to eam the title, "Rookie ofthe Year."TThe Chicago team was foundedby Lorin Burte, a second-yearstudent in the Graduate School ofBusiness from Dayton, Ohio. He came tothe University from Oberlin Collègewhere he had led a Collège Bowl team tothe nationals in 1978 and 1979.To start a team hère, Burte placed anad in the Chicago Maroon inviting in-terested students to an organizationalmeeting. "So You Think You're Smart,"it began. Potential players flocked to IdaNoyés, to sign up for an intramural tour-nament that would yield a team fit torepresent the University in intercollegiate compétition.The tournament was held again thisyear, in Ida Noyés Library. Sixteenteams, with names like the Gang of Four,competed against each other in doubleélimination play (in double élimination,a team is allowed to lose two games be-21fore being sent home). A team calledSpam nudged out the Four Horsemen ofthe Apocalypse, 445-370, to win the tour-nament, qualifying Spam's top fourplayers for spots on the varsity team.Additional "ail-stars" were selected fromamong the other fifteen teams, in one-on-one con tests."There are no bookworms on theteam," says Tom Terrell, Jr., AM'80, assistant to the dean of the Divinity School,who played on the 1980 squad and nowcoaches the Chicago team."People considered the best stu-dents in school hâve great depth in theirsubjects," says Burte. "Our guys hâvegreat range. They know about ail sorts ofodd things."This year' s starters and top alternâtes are team captain Burte; David Ru-bin, a senior mathematics and statisticsmajor from Rockaway, New Jersey; MikeAlper, a senior English major fromHuntington, New York; Jim Gillespie, asenior chemistry major from SevernaPark, Maryland; Tammy Ravitts, a seniorhumanities major from Rockford, Illinois; and Mitch Gilaty, of Chicago, asecond-year student in the GraduateSchool of Business.You may remember the rules of thegame. Questions are of two types:toss-ups, worth ten points each,and bonus questions, worth a statednumber of points, usually from twentyto thirty. Individual players compete tobe the first to answer toss-ups correctly,thereby qualifying their team to receive abonus question. Team members are al-lowed to confer with each other on an-swers to bonus questions. The game isplayed against the dock, with two seven-minute halves. Players hâve three seconds in which to answer toss-ups, andten seconds for bonus questions. Whenthe whistle signais the end of the game,the team with the most points wins.Collège Bowl, Inc. supplies thequestions, which according to Burte,range from painfuUy obscure, even at thenational level of compétition, to patheti-cally easy."Many questions you won't answerwhen you think you know what it is because it can't be that simple — and it is,"groaned Burte, "like, 'What was MarkTwain's real name?' Sometimes youhâve an answer right away and the question takes a left tum."Some questions require computa-tion. 'Take the year Lincoln was shot,subtract the year Napoléon lost at Wa terloo, and multiply it times the square ofsix. What answer do you get?"Bonus questions, says Burte, are nomore difficult than toss-ups, but thestakes are higher. In one type of question, the moderator gives a séries of duesto the identity of a well-known person.The more dues a team needs, the fewerpoints it gets."An example," said Burte, "wouldbe, lie was a gentleman farmer and inventer, who invented the dumb-waiterand the swivel chair.' The second duewould be, 'He also founded the University of Virginia . ' And if you still didn'tget it at that point, they'd say, 'He wasthe président who wrote the Dedarationof Independence.' If you didn't get itthen, you shouldn't be in the game."The Chicagoans scoff at the rigorouspréparations some teams go in for, suchas outlining whole areas of knowledge."There is no real way one can for-mally practice, other than to sit downand memorize an almanac," says Burte.He daims that some of his handiestknowledge — world rivers, state capitals,Présidents' middle names, dates of important historical events — was learned inthe fourth grade.Still, Burte and his teammatesgather mformally on evenings whenstudies don't interfère, to quiz each otherwith questions from The QuintessentialQuiz Book or The Collège Bowl Quiz Book(see list below) and to mull over référence books.Knowledge, and skill, such asknowing when and when not to hit thebuzzer, are essential to Bowl play. Butluck is no less important. When theChicago team goes on the road, it takesalong mascot Jan Van Eyck, a stuffedmoose.Harvard tried to steal the moose atlast year's radio finals, but was repulsed.Such pranks are part of the fun at in-tercollegiate tournaments, helping to re-lieve players' tensions, for some schoolstake their Collège Bowl as seriously astheir football."There are scholarships, and letterjackets, and coaches who act serious."said Burte. "One team arrived at theradio championship last year with aLombardi-type coach and sweaters withtheir team's name. When they lost theirfirst game, rumor had it that there washell to pay in the locker room afterward. "The Chicago team wears uniforms,too, but they range from Hawaiian out-fits to — what else? — bowling shirts.Teams qualify for national finals in one of two ways: by winning threegames without losing at one of three CBSRadio Games of the Week InvitationalTournaments held each year in January,or by winning one of fifteen régionalchampionships held throughout thecountry in February. This year, Chicagowon both.Twenty-four teams competed inthis year's six-day national tour-nament in March at Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia.The eight which qualified in the radioinvitationals were: Harvard-Radcliffe,Princeton, Wake Forest, Davidson,Washington University, Marshall University, Vanderbilt, and Chicago. The fifteen régional qualifiers were Yale, Vas-sar, Temple, the University of Maryland,the University of North Carolina atChapel Hill, Berry Collège, MichiganState, the University of Wisconsin at EauQaire, the University of Illinois, the University of Iowa, Wichita State, TulaneUniversity, Brigham Young University,the University of Idaho, and San Fran-dsco State. Ohio State University was awild card.The twenty-four teams in the national radio finals win from $500 to $2,000in scholarship money for their uriiver-sitiesThe Chicago team had high hopesgoing into the finals. They were seededsixth among the twenty-four teams incompétition. But, like the De Paul University Blue Démons in this year'sNCAA basketball play-off, they lost theirfirst match, and their chance of winningthe championship.Team captain Burte, however, cameout a winner. He was named to the Western Ail-Star team (which beat its EasternCounterpart 380-220), and to the All-Tournament Ail-Star team, the tophonor for individual Bowl players.If you think you'd like to try playingCollège Bowl, a home version of thegame follows. But first, warm up on thefollowing question, which the Chicagoteam encountered early this year in in-tercollegiate compétition:"John Harvard established HarvardUniversity in 1636. Who in 1891 foundedthe University of Chicago?"If you don't know the answer tothat, you shouldn't be in the game. ¦Florence A. Hammet*Gaberones is the capital of Botswana. Nils and AageBohr were the only father-and-son team to win the NobelPrize. The answer to the third question, says team captainLorin Burte, prevents its being asked on national radioduring family prime-time, but it has been asked in in-tramurals.22 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAG AZINE/Spring 19811M A 1 1 <. I ml;//>' ->r Jk ¦«*.^-^fïs*Standing, left to right: Mitch Gilafy, Jim C.illespie,David Rubin, Mike Alper, and Tom Terrell (coach).Seated: Lorin Burte, team captain. Want to try yourhand at competingfor the CollègeBowl? Here's asample quiz for youto try at home.RULESSo you think you're smart? Then try thishome version of the Collège Bowl, pre-pared by the University of Chicago Collège Bowl team captain, Lorin Burte.(You'll find more questions in the bookslistedbelow.)Form two teams of at least two players each (the national teams hâve fourplayers), and press another person intoservice as the moderator, to read thequestions and keep time. Supply eachteam member with a noisemaker; hotel-desk-type bells, whistles, or dimestorefroggy clickers will do nicely.Hère are the rules. The moderatorreads a toss-up question. Members ofboth teams hâve three seconds in whichto signal with their noisemaker that theythink they know the answer. The firstplayer to signal wins the right to answerthe toss-up. If the player interrupts themoderator before he is through readingthe question (which is okay to do), andgives the wrong answer, the team losesfivè points and the moderator repeats thequestion for the other team. If the playerhas let the moderator finish the question,but still gives the wrong answer, any-body may signal for the rebound.The player who answers the toss-upcorrectly wins for his team the right tofield a bonus question. Ail toss-up questions are worth ten points; bonus questions are worth a stated number ofpoints, from twenty to thirty. After themoderator reads the bonus question, theteam has ten seconds in which to produce an answer. Team members maywhisper madly among themselves onthis one.The game is played against theclock, with two seven-minute halves.When time is called, the team with themost points wins.23QUESTIONSTOSS-UPQUESTIONSThere are balls, strikes, and outsin baseball. For ten points — in what sport would one encountefa riposte, feint, or parry?Modest Mussorgsky's "BorisGudunov" is part of the standard répertoire. Another of hisknown compositions is a pro-bestgrammatic suite for piano, later orchestra ted by Maurice Ravel. For ten points,name it.For ten points — which later président, leader in the proceedingsof the Constitutional Conven-called "The Father of thetion, wasConstitution"?Anatomy studies the overallstructure of living organisms andpsysiology the functions of theirparts and organs. For ten points — namethat branch of science which spedficallystudies the microscopic structure of theirtissues.The port of New York, with millions of tons of cargo either com-ing into or out of it every year isthe nation's largest port. For ten pointsidentify the U.S. dty which is the secondlargest port.6Pendl and paper ready for a littlemath? Then take the year Lincoln was shot, subtract the year ofWaterloo and divide by ten. For tenpoints — what is the answer?"Something there is that doesn'tlove a wall" felt the poet, but hisneighbor disagreed. For tenpoints — in Robert Frost's "MendingWall", what does the neighbor claim aremade bv good fences?7 8It has been described as perhapsthe most effective speech ever delivered...and judging from theresults the claim has some basis. It wasmade by Pope Urban II in Clermont,France, in the year 1095. For ten points,what did it call for?Stream of consciousness is atechnique in literature. For tenpoints — is impasto a technique war. For twenty-five points — what's theauthor's name?in sculpture, oil painting, or engraving?BONUSQUESTIONS1~~ ~ Twice in its history, England hasbeen ruled for more than 100 consécutive years by kings of thesame name. For ten points apiece — whatwere thèse common first names?The New York General Assem-bly has recently adopted législation placing "I love New York"on ail state license plates. Hère are fourother mottoes that appear on licenseplates. For five points apiece — give methe state each is from:a. Land of Lincolnb. Heart of Dixiec. Live Free or Died. Garden StateEarlier in the history of astronomy, constellations were often assodated with animal forms.For ten points each — tell me the animaismatched to thèse heavenly bodies:a. Lupusb. Canisc. Corvus4 In the novel The Quiet American,stemming from his expérience as a Vietnam War Correspondent,this Englishman told the story of anAmerican corporate employée who be-comes involved with revolutionaries andjoins the insurgents in a third world dvil NASA's Apollo séries flew éight-een missions. For twenty-fivepoints — during how many ofthem did men reach the surface of themoon?This is a sudden death bonus: Iwill ask you four questions about the famous 1925 "Monkey" trial,unless you miss one, in which case I'ilstop. . .five points for each correct answer.a. What sdentific theory was at thecenter of the case?b. What was the name of the de-fendant?c. What was the name of his défenselawyer?d. What was the' name of the famousprosecutor?7 "A" is the first letter of the alphabet but it is also the first letterof many musical terms. For fivepoints each, give the musical term thatbegins with "A" and means:a. Slowly and leisurely.b. Gradually faster.c. Briskly, lively.d. Modéra tely slow.Andrew Johnson was the onlyU.S. président ever impeached. For ten points each, name thethree grounds the U.S. Constitutionspedfies for impeachment.For twenty points — if you went toa meeting with Messrs. Winkle,Snodgrass, and Tupman, whatclub would you be attending, according toCharles Dickens?^ /_ I In modem electronics, spedal1 1 I names are given to the parts of the I électron tube. For ten points each,give me the name of the following:The cold électrode.The hot électrode.c. An électron tube containing onlytwo électrodes, a cathode and a plate.Stumped? The answers are on page 43.a.b.24 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAG AZINE/Spring 1981Lisl Th "In this great collectionI found the lost moment thatwas Tudor England.nLettersBy Muriel St. Clare Byrne, O.B.E.In 1941, poet T. S. Eliot, then a director ofFaber and Faber, publishers,agreed to publish a critical collection ofan important, yet virtually unknown, source ofTudor history known as the Liste Letters. The editor of the collection, historian MurielSt. Clare Byrne, O.B.E. , one of the first women to be educated at Oxford University,had begun work on the letters in 1932.Byrne' s work was interrupted by World War II, when she was told that the papers,along with the rest of the public records, were being moved out ofLondon to escapebombing. Toioard the end of the war she went to consult some of the original letters. Toher horror, she leamed that the Lisle Letters never had been moved. Officiais said therewas no reason to move them; they were domestic , notforeign documents.Byrne resumed work after the war. By 1965 it became apparent to Faber and Faberthat publication ofthe letters not only would be delayed, but that the cost of publicationîoas rising precipitously. Roger Shugg, then director of The University of ChicagoPress, signed a contract to co-publish.When the manuscript was finislied in 1972, Faber and Faber bowed out. MorrisPhilipson, AB'49, AM'52, who had succeeded Shugg as director of the Press, recognizedthat the importance of the letters overrode other considérations. In 1975, the Pressagreed to be sole publisher.The one complète and final copy ofthe manuscript was put in a huge, batteredsuitcase and flown toChicago. Copy editing, typesetting, and fund-raising began.Queen Elizabeth II was one ofthe first donors. But it was not until the Joseph and HelenRegenstein Foundation leamed of the aid needed that editor and publisher could becertain of publication.The Lisle Letters, in six volumes, will be published on May 31, which, coinciden-tally, will be editor Byrne's eighty-sixth birthday. Hère we présent a summary of the LisleLetters drawnfrom Byrne's lively introduction.Those who delight in being lured backward through time by their sensé of thepast quickly become aware of two things — the way things change and theway things do not change.So much détail remains of the past, so many documents, so much informationabout meals and manners, customs and costumes, that at first it seems compara-tively easy to grope one' s way back, holding on to the chairs and tables while theintelligence pièces it together; until suddenly there cornes a moment of directcontact, and the whole reconstruction shows itself to the historian for what itis — synthetic, unsatisfying.Penetfate only so far, and the past will close in around you like a greatblanketing white mist: dulling, muffling, deadening ail sounds; throwing backvoices at random, or with mischievious misdirection; swaying and eddyinggiddily till the baffled mind can no longer distinguish between backward andforward motion.You may rebuild their houses, furnish their rooms, store their larders, layout their very garments for them; but not so will you persuade the past to sendback one individual ghost. Not so can you pass the défenses, get beneath theskin, feel the puise move to the other tune. Such, at any rate was my personalexpérience after writing a book of sodal history. Like Henry James' RalphPendrel, in The Sensé of the Past, I wanted "to scale the high wall into which thesuccessive years, each with a squared block, pile themselves into our rear." Iwanted to fall to my knees and rise clutching the very earth in my hand, aslegend says William The Conqueror did when he landed in England in 1066.Reprinted from The Lisle Letters, edited by Muriel St. Clare Byrne, by arrangement with The Universityof Chicago Press, (g Copyright 1981 by the University of Chicago. Ail rights reserved.Because my starting point was theTudor century, it was only a matter oftime before I encountered — in 1932 — theLisle Letters. Hère was the earth, not thebackground but the soil itself. In thisgreat collection I found the lost momentthat was Tudor England.I say "moment" advisedly, becauseit is by virtue of their intensity that theLisle Letters are unique. There are some3,000 letters but they cover a period ofonly seven years, from 1533 to 1540.The story told hère by the Lisle Letters centers on three people: ArthurPlantagenet (Viscount Lisle), whomHenry VIII once called "the gentlestheart living"; his second wife, Honor, adaughter of the Grenvilles of Cornwall;and their "man of business", JohnHusee, gentleman ofLondon.Arthur Lisle was the illegitimate (butacknowledged) son of Edward IV, thelast Plantagenet king. He flourished asone of the personal attendants and booncompanions of his nephew Henry VIII —though he was far older, being about 70to Henry' s 40 when the letters begin in1533.Until that year, Arthur Lisle and hisfamily had lived the life of the Englishgentry of their day. In 1533, Lisle wasappointed to the office of Lord Deputy ofCalais, a position somewhat resemblingthat of a colonial Governor General.Preceding Page: The only likeness of HonorGrenville, Lady Lisle, taken from the tomb-stone effigy of her first husband, John Bassett.from Transactions of the Execter Dioce-san Architectural Soriety.Letter from Lord Lisle to Lady Lisle, (center,above). Procession of the Knights of the Gar-ter, (below); Lord Lisle is No. 13, seventhfrom the left. (From J. Anstis, The Registerof the Most Noble Order of the Garter,1747; The Newberry Library, Chicago.) Accompanied by his wife, Lisle tookup his résidence in Calais and remainedin office until summoned back to England in 1540.While Honor Lisle ran the house-hold in Calais, John Husee, the family'sfaithful London agent, conducted theirbusiness on the other side of the Chan-nel. Husee is the author of more than 500letters — and perhaps the most engagingcharacter in the correspondence.The central paradox which gives theLisle Letters their unique value as TudorEngland in microcosm is that they provide us with living détail of everydayEnglish life simply because the Lisleswere not living in England. The familyletters preserved before they went toCalais are neither more numerous normore informative than other similar oddletters of sodal and personal interest be-longing to the reign of Henry VIII. Butbecause Lisle cannot set foot in Englandwithout direct permission from the King,because he and Honor are not on the spotto see to things for themselves and con- duct their day-to-day business by wordof mouth, it has to go down on paper.The record survives because their rootswere in England — their lands and rents,friends and relations, five of their chil-dren, and ail the influential and important people upon whom they had torely for help in forwarding their inter-ests. Their légal business was transactedin London; their clothes were mostlymade in London; they bought theirgroceries in London, their sait fish forLent, Pewter for the household, materialfor the servants' liveries.The Lisles were in Calais, but atUmberleigh and Tehidy and Soberton [inEngland] there is sowing and reaping ofwheat and gathering of flax; horses andcows must be pastured, hedges repaired,rents collected, wages paid; trespassersmust be persecuted, fishing rights mustbe protected and fish caught and mar-keted; the land, which is their wealth,claims its continued service.At Court the King's treasurer is stillin his counting-house, counting themoney, estimating debts, dedding whento call in his bonds and obligations after"letting them sleep" for seven years; theQueen still eats her dinner in her diningparlour with the ladies of her PrivyChamber in attendance, murmuring re-quests in her ear, strictly against ail régulations; bills and debts go still unpaid,new dresses are ordered, old gowns areeut up to make new jackets... every thinggoes on as usual; and because the Lislesare in Calais and not in England we hearail about it.It is Husee's letters, as a body,which provide the best account of thepractical working of the "System" — bywhich I simply mean the way thingsworked in the real world of politics andfinance.During the years the Lisles lived inCalais, it was Husee who filed the law-suits, petitioned the King, and distri-buted the gifts and "tokens" to the pow-erful men and women whose favors hesought on behalf of his patron.The years covered by the Lisle Letters are of great significance in thehistory of England — the years of ThomasCromwell's rise to power, and of his sud-den fall.Husee took pains always to remind aworried Arthur Lisle that he was es-teemed by the powerful Cromwell onwhom so much depended. "My LordPrivy Seal," he wrote, "shewed me thisday that he remembereth your lordshipoftener than he hath fingers or toes."When, as frequently happened,Husee offered his "poor advice," it wasalways sound; never more so, inriden-tally, than when he counseled Lisle howto deal with Henry VIII.If he must write to the King, then thefewer Unes the better, "for I hâve heardsay that His Grâce loveth not to read longletters."Husee was a complète manual ofTudor court politics and étiquette. Heknew what was proper to every occasionand did his best to keep Lisle up to themark:Your lordship must needs send Mr. Russell twopièces of French wine, for if they were worth 200(pounds) he hath deserved them. I hâve given himalready the pièce of French wine your lordship senthither for your own drinking.Just before he left England forCalais, Lisle offidated at Anne Boleyn'scoronation banquet. We read in the Letters of Anne Boleyn's exécution — "Annethe late Queen suffered with the swordthis day in the Tower, upon a new scaf-fold" for failing to provide Henry with amaie heir; and of the dissolution of themonasteries and the confiscation of theirwealth as the conflict with the Pope widened.Arthur Lisle never became, in thefull sensé, a man of affairs, and both heand his wife were too simple, too directin their dealings for the world of offirialrivalry and intrigue at Henry VIII's court.It never occurred to the Lady De-puty, for example, that because the Kingwas "reforming" the Church and itsservices, it might be well for her to re-form her own "papish" custom of prayerand religious observance. "Conformyourself partly to the thing that is used,and to the world as it goeth now," Huseeimplored her; indeed, "to beguile thetime, look like the time."Had Arthur Lisle ended his dayspeacefully, he would be little more than aname to us — Knight of the Garter, ViceAdmirai of England, Lord Deputy ofCalais.But the unhappy chance that at oneblow deprived him of rank, titles, possessions, and liberty — his wrongful implication in the Botolf Conspiracy —meant also that the seven years of familycorrespondence that had accumulated atLisle's offirial résidence in Calais wereseized by order of the King. The lettershâve been preserved ever since amongthe State papers.The commissioners responsible forthe confiscation were looking for items oftreasonable import. They did not dis-criminate but seized upon business andpersonal letters alike; upon begging letters and dunning letters, children's letters... marriage proposais that came tonothing. . .and letters expressing an ardorthat apparently never cooled. "Mynowne swete hart," Lisle wrote to hiswife, "I think so much upon you I cannotsleep in the night."The Lisle Letters ended in 1540 asabruptly as they began seven yearsearlier. Toward the end, we read increas- ingly of strife in Calais "by reason of vari-ety in opinion in Christ's religion," andwe learn that Cromwell's instruction toLisle on dealing with the situation al-lowed far more lenience toward "here-tics" than King Henry was disposed togrant. When the King sent a commissionto Calais in April, 1540 to investigate thematter, Cromwell needed to cover histracks.As a desperate bid to deflect attention, I believe, Cromwell leveled chargesof treason against Lisle in connectionwith a rather fardcal scheme by Sir Greg-ory Botolf to storm Calais and turn it overto Henry's enemies. Lisle was arrestedand imprisoned in the Tower of London,where he remained for two years.Lisle's family was imprisoned atCalais, and his possessions and propertywere confiscated.Cromwell was arrested on June 10,1540, and executed shortly thereafter fortreason.Two years later, in March 1542,Henry VIII pardoned the Lisle family.Honor and her daughters were giventheir freedom, and we know that LadyLisle lived comfortably for another 24years on her restored estâtes.But Arthur Lisle savored the sweet-ness of vindication for only a few hours.He died in the Tower on March 3, at theâge of 80, shortly after leaming that hewas soon to be released. We hâve a record of his last moments:His Innocency after much search appearing, theKing sent (Lisle) his Ring from off his own Finger,with such comfortable Expressions, that he immod-erately receiving so great a pressure of Joy, his Heartwas overcharged therewith, and the Night followinghe yielded up his Ghost; which makes it observablethat this King's Mercy was as fatal as his Judge-ments.B(The Lisle Letters, 1981, The University of ChicagoPress, Chicago. Six volumes, $250 to 12/31/81; $300thereafter.)Captain'AcesOFTHEAThe spirit of Sam Houston, PecosBill, and the Alamo is still aliveand thriving in Dallas, TX. That'sthe home of Michigan General Corp.,base of opérationsfor Ira G. Corn, Jr.,AB'47, MBA'48, aman of varied in-terests, unboundedenergy, and a firtnsensé of what hecalls "personalfreedom."Corn is one ofthose men whostride through lifeand seem to makethe times theirown. He is a corporation executive,management andfinandal consultant, nationally syn-dicated newspapercolumnist, championship bridgeplayer, ingeniousbridge entrepreneur, widely-travelledlecturer, author, and former assistantprofessor at Southern MethodistUniversity.Corn has founded and co-foundedthirty-one companies over a period ofthirty years. Not ail of the way has beensmooth. At the âge of forty he was"broke, " owed $50,000, and "didn't hâvea single asset." Now three of the companies he has founded or co-founded areranked in Fortune Magazine's top 1,000.Thèse include Michigan General Corp.,the Tyler Corp., and Cronus."AH of them were started fromzéro," he said. "Ail three are diversifiedcompanies, which means they operate inmany différent industries." MichiganGeneral, for example, manufactures in-Successfulentrepreneur,managementconsultant,champion bridgeplayer, historian,patriot- ail of thèseapply equally wellto Ira Corn, Jr.dustrial sandpaper, rubber and urethaneproducts for the automobile industry,consumer paint, aluminum Windowsand doors, micro-computers, motorhomes, architectural concrète, andhighway safetyproducts, amongother things. Oneof Corn's companies is PinnacleBooks, Inc., a pa-perback publishinghouse, whichseems highly ap-propriate for a manwho is a voradousreader, historian,and book-lover.Com workshard; he plays justas hard. He is whatenthusiasts wouldcall a barnstormer,someone who trav-els up and downthe country drum-interest and support for asport. Corn's sport is notbaseball or football — it is the demandingand ruthless sport of con tract bridge.(Contract bridge is a version ofbridge that was invented in the 1920s byHarold Vanderbilt, which calls for great-er skill and judgement, and is intellectu-ally a more stimulating form of bridgethan earlier forms of the game.)Corn discovered bridge in juniorcollège. He was raised in Little Rock, Ar-kansas, in a strict Baptist home. He wasallowed one card game in childhood, called Rook."It was an acceptable card game because instead of spades, hearts, clubs,and diamonds, you had red, yellow,blue, and green. And instead of ace,Yrrung upparticularking, queen, jack, you had numbers —fourteen, thirteen, and the like. I nick-named the game Baptist Bridge, becausewhen I was in junior collège I watchedthèse guys playing bridge. I'd heard of it,but not seen it. I watched, and realizedthey were playing Rook!"In 1961, Corn started playing bridge,and rapidly discovered that he knewvery little about contract bridge."I can't stand to be left far behind, soI stopped playing," he recalls. "I took1962 off, and didn't work, and spent theen tire year trying to move up to a level ofcompétence in bridge that I'd be happy28 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAG AZINE/Spnng 1981with, and I was successful. I won my firstnational championship in March, 1963.However, I had to go back to work."While watching the finals of theWorld Championship in New York in1964, Corn concluded that there weretwo reasons why American teams sel-dom won."First, American partnerships neverstayed together. Bridge is a partnershipgame; it's not a star game, like tennis,"he said."Second, playing bridge at the high-est level is a rare talent. But it is such anegotistical talent that the people who corne to events feel they cannot improvetheir game because it already is the bestthere is."I'd been a team captain in tennisand football, and felt that was not true. Ifigured there had to be a way of takingthis natural talent and putting it under adisdplined training approach, to make itbetter and more effective. "As most people in the bridge worldscoffed, Corn scoured the country forAmerica's most promising players,found them, and lured them to Dallaswith talk of famé and fortune. He hired acoach, bought his players distinctive Ira Corn, Jr.blazers, paid them salaries, and requiredthem to live under training raies, usuallyin his own North Dallas home. Henamed the team the Aces.He succeeded in his goal of makingthe Aces the top team in America. In 1962the Aces won the two most prestigiousteam prizes in U.S. bridge, the Van-derbilt Cup and the Spingold Trophy,and by 1970 had won a world title at theBermuda Bowl, the first American teamto do so in sixteen years.Given the strong personalities in-29volved, it is surprising that the originalAces lasted as long as they did — fiveyears. The original Aces disbanded in1973, and since then the Aces hâve con-sisted of any team that has Corn as captain, Bobby Wolf and Bob Hammond asthe anchor pair."I play on the Aces now, but I playfor pleasure," said Corn.Com is a Lifemaster in bridge, andcurrent président of the American Contract Bridge League. His column, "TheAces On Bridge," appears daily in sev-eral hundred newspapers. He also is theauthor of a book called The Aces on Bridge.While Corn's dream of transformingbridge into a big-money sport on the or-der of baseball and football (with theAces, of course, as "America's Team")has yet to be realized, some progress hasbeen made. The Aces hâve been writtenup in LIFE Magazine and Sports Illus-trated. Hallmark Cards sponsored a na-tionally televised program that featuredthe team. Spectator involvement hasbeen growing, as wirnessed by the re-sponse to the U.S. team trials for theworld championship in Cherry Hill,New Jersey, in 1979. While players bat-tled it out in closed rooms, diagrams ofeach hand were projected on to a Vu-Graph and bids and plays relayed byphone to expert commentators, who in-terpreted the play to an audience ofcheering enthusiasts.What seems to be the catalyst forCorn's intense and energetic approach tobusiness and pleasure is his belief that"personal freedom is the hallmark of theAmerican way of life. " He has an abidingfaith in the efficacy of the freedom ofaction, the opportunity for cultural de-velopment (what he refers to as "our up-side potential") and the "unlimited options available to suit personal préférences" found in America.This vigorous sensé of personal lib-erty, coupled with his interest in American history ("I always hâve been fasri-nated by the question: Why did freedomspring up hère first?") prompted Comwith Joseph Driscoll, a Dallas attorneyand investor, to bid $404,000 in 1969 for a"lost" copy of the Déclaration of Inde-pendence. The copy which Corn and Driscollbought was one of sixteen copies of theDéclaration of Independence known toexist, which had first been printed as abroadside in Philadelphia by John Dun-lap on July 4 and 5, 1776. Congress votedto adopt the Déclaration on the eveningof July 4, and ordered that it be printedand proclaimed in each of the states andto the troops. Broadsides also wereposted in public places and town crierscarried the news to the populace.This copy was discovered in 1978.Cataloguers were preparing a stock ofA"...de Tocquevillesaid that if thèsepeople ever learnthat they canvote themselvesevery thing;this methodofgovernment isin danger. "VLeary's Book Store in Philadelphia (theoldest second-hand bookstore in thecountry), for auction. The Déclarationwas found in one of several crates thathad been stacked in a corner and notbeen opened since 1911.At the time that Corn and Driscollpurchased this copy of the Déclaration, itwas the highest price ever paid for aprinted document.Characteristically, Corn felt thatownership of the Déclaration entailed acertain responsibility, as well as pride.The copy was sent out to be exhibited invarious places around the country.Eventually, Corn and Driscoll gave thecopy to the city of Dallas, along with acopy of the original Déclaration of Inde pendence of the State of Texas. [Texas isone of the few states to hâve had a sépara te déclaration.]Corn also dedded to share the trea-sure of what he calls "every American'sbirthright" with the rest of the countryby writing a book. In 1977, Corwin Books(Los Angeles) published The Story of theDéclaration of Independence in which Corntraces the history and thought of thedocument. A néophyte historiographer,Corn committed several small scholarlyerrors, and so he is currently at work on asubséquent volume, Prélude to Independence.Com is outspoken in his politicaland économie views. A registered Dem-ocrat, he didn't let that deter him fromfrequently critirizing the Carter administration for its économie and monetarypolides. He's equally vocal in his criti-cisms of today's economists and politi-dans.Corn, ever the historian, observes:"Inflation is one of the two serious problems we hâve, because inflation couldrun wild. It never has. We hâve had fiveserious bouts of inflation in the history ofthe United States. One, from 1775-80,was much worse than this. The Continental dollar declined from a dollar to apenny, then was repudiated as the cur-rency. Heretofore, every time this hashappened before we hâve had the abilityto regain control. Now, that's the histori-cal viewpoint. Whether or not we can doit this time is another matter. We couldhâve inflation under control in threeyears if any one had the nerve."We should eut our transfer pay-ments," he said. "Last July there was afourteen percent increase in ail fédéralsalaries, with no increase in output.What we hâve done is what de Tocqueville predicted in 1836. He said, if thèsepeople ever learn that they can votethemselves everything this method ofgovernment is in danger."In spite of his criticisms, Corn be-lieves profoundly that a free nation ismaster of its own political and culturaldestiny. In this sensé, Ira Corn, Jr., is kinto the men who wrote the document thatmost clearly reflects his own thoughtsand belief s. ?30 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/Spring 1981THE PRESIDENTS PAGEBy Beverly J. Splane, AB'67, MBA'69 Président, The Alumni AssociationHere's another experiment youcan try sometime. Walk up to anyrandomly selected Universiy ofChicago alum and say, "I've just beenelected président of the Alumni Association." The response in every case will bethe same — the alum's hands will shootout to cover the vital area, except in thiscase the vital area will be the wallet. Thegesture will usually be accompanied bydéfensive verbiage such as, "I alreadygave at the office," or that Ail- Americanclassic, "My check's in the mail."The great University from which wegraduated seems to hâve maintainedonly a single tie to us — the outstretchedhand. This posture does not gênera tewarm feelings among the alumni, whonaturally resent being ignored except atfund-raising time. Our loud complaints,however, do not endear us to the University, and we are building up some realhostility. Let's call a hait to it. It doesneither of us any crédit; the fact is that weneed each other, whether either of usrecognizes it or not.We alumni need the Universitypartly for selfish reasons — to be crédiblein order to enhance our own credibility;to be intellectual in order to validate ourown intellectualism; to be committed toexcellence in order to justify our ownethical structures. I'm sure perfect people in a perfect world would not take onexcellence by association, but we aren'tand it isn't and we do, and the U of Chelps in that.We can use the University, more ab-stractly, to symbolize an abstraction withwhich we can identify. For many people,religion or the state are inadéquate orpersonally irrelevant to provide the ideagreater than self with which to feel affilia ted. A first rate university committedto the highest possible quality of inquiryand scholarship, can be for us such asymbol.We need the University too in lessdirect, although still selfish, terms toprotect the whole notion that an intellectual life has validity. This is far fromthe first time in history, and will certainlynot be the last, when the forces of anti-intellectualism seem dominant. The University must be strong to survive, to keep the tradition of intellectual inquiry alive.Not ail of us, not even very many of us,need be directly engaged in the intellectual life to make it essential to ail of us.We only need to contemplate a worldwithout scholarship, without research,without freedom of inquiry and expression to see that institutions like the University of Chicago are essential.And why does the University needus? It turns out that the University needsus for some of the same things. It needsus to enhance its own credibility and itneeds us to ensure the survival of theidea it makes manifest. Credibility andsurvival are of course primarily theburden of those actively engaged in theinstitution, but part of their success willbe based on the kind of people we are,the values we hold and the way wethink.What we need from the University itcan give us by staying itself, althoughthat is neither conceptually nor practi-cally easy. How to make actual the concept of a commitment to excellence is notobvious. The University could takemany forms while maintaining its centralvalue, although one form it surely cannottake is to cling to the status quo, let alonego back to a "golden âge." And then,even if the form can be agreed on, im-plementation is not easy. What the University needs from us is help.What can we do besides givemoney? First, give money. The situationof the University is every bit as bad as thesituation of the country and of most of uspersonally — costs are rising a lot fasterthan income. Mrs. Gray is cutting backexpenditures ruthlessly, and we shouldhâve a balanced budget again within oneor two years, but the cuts are going toaffect the quality of the académie pro-grams pretty soon. If you don't hâvemoney to give, you can call the University Development Office and volun-teer to help solidt money from thosewho do hâve it. If you don't want to be soformai, or if you feel solidting money iscrass, get together with a few friends andhâve a bake sale for the University. Andif you do, be sure to let the local paperknow.Second, proselytize for the Univer sity, when you meet prospective stu-dents and their parents. Talk about yourexpériences with the books, the faculty,the other students, the rotten dorm food,the Maroon, Wash Prom, Hyde Park. Letpeople know that the University is bothhuman and intellectual, for those whoperceive a dichotomy between thosequalifies. Let people know that the University is diverse enough that any in-terest an individual has, even includingan interest in partying, will be shared byothers at the University. If you find your-self enjoying this, call Bob Bail at theUniversity Admissions Office and vol-unteer to serve on the Alumni SchoolsCommittee.Third, as I wrote last time, help de-velop a more positive réputation for theUniversity of Chicago. Speak up, beproud, be visible. Invite University ofChicago people — administrators, faculty, other alumni — to speak to organiza-tions of which you are a member. Writeto the editor of The University of ChicagoMagazine to tell her what you or otheralums are doing.Fourth, provide intellectual andmoral support to the concepts of privatehigher éducation, of research institutions, of free intellectual inquiry. Followwhat's happening in your state législature and in Washington and let themhear from you. Read your local newspaper and ail the magazines you subscribe to and talk back. You don't hâve tomake friends, but do influence people.Finally, write to me, particularly ifyou want to argue. The proper relation-ship between a University and its alumniis still an unresolved question, and I'dlike to explore it with you. ¦Burton-Judson Alumni,watch this space!We're making plansfor our 50th.Contact Gwin Kolb:Weiboldt Hall 1061050 E. 59th StreetChicago, IL 60637(312) 753-250331KALEIDOSCOPE Notes on Events, People, ResearchNew Rockef eller Chair. The Chase Manhattan Bank of New York has given theUniversity $1,250,000 to endow a chair inInternational Economies in honor ofDavid Rockefeller, PhD'40.Rockefeller is a Life Trustée of theUniversity and grandson of its founder,John D. Rockefeller.The chair was established to markRockefeller' s retirement later this monthas chairman of Chase Manhattan.Hanna H. Gray, président of theUniversity, said the gift will strengthenthe already distinguished research andteaching programs in areas that hâvebeen of historié concern to the University."University of Chicago scholarshâve had an enormous impact on thestudy of those major polides and issuesthat involve the économie and finandalrelationships among nations," Graysaid."Much of what is known today about exchange rates, the finandal aspectsof overseas trade and the polides thataffect the balance of payments is the resuit of scholarship that originated hère atChicago."This magnificent gift honors a re-markable man and at the same time en-sures that the University's undisputedacadémie excellence will be reinforced inthe years ahead. We are very grateful."Willard C. Butcher, président andchief executive officer of Chase Manhattan, said the establishment of the chairwas the most appropriate way to recognize Rockefeller's thirty-five years ofservice with the bank."Mr. Rockefeller's exemplary ca-reer, his affection for the University, andthe quality of the University's académieprograms were the factors behind ourdérision," Butcher added."David Rockefeller's impact hasbeen truly global. Under his steward-ship, Chase Manhattan experienced asignificant international and domesticexpansion. He has been a strong voice instressing the responsibilities of corporateritizenship and has been a leader in abroad range of educational, rivic andcultural enterprises."Gray and Butcher spoke at a newsconférence held in Chicago to announce Hanna Holborn Gray and David Rockefellerthe establishment of the professorship.Rockefeller received a B.S. degreefrom Harvard University and did post-graduate work at Harvard and theLondon School of Economies. His doctoral thesis at the University, Unused Resources and Economie Waste, was published by The University of ChicagoPress, (1941).Rockefeller joined the Chase National Bank in 1946 as assistant manager.When Chase merged with the Bank ofManhattan Company in 1955, he was ap-pointed executive vice président incharge of bank development. He becamechairman and chief executive officer in1969.The University has carried out majorresearch and teaching activities in international finance and économies sinceearly in the century. Jacob Viner, a fa-culty member from 1916 to 1946, was apioneer in research on the balance ofpayments and international trade. Otherimportant contributions were made byLloyd A. Metzler (1947-1973), Harry G.Johnson (1959-1977), and Robert Mun-dell, who taught at Chicago from 1965 to1971. Tuition Increase. The University has an-nounced tuition increases for the académie year beginning in Summer, 1981to be accompanied by a substantial incrément in scholarship assistance.Tuition in the Collège will go from$5,100 to $6,000 and in the Graduate Divisions from $5,355 to $6,300. (For a complète look at tuition increases, see ac-companying chart.)Hanna H. Gray, président of theUniversity, said that the announcedcharges were an intégral part of the University's program to maintain andstrengthen the académie enterprise at atime of rapidly increasing costs."Unrestricted funds, which includestudent fées, are essential to ensuringthe quality of instruction and research,"she said."The demands on thèse funds areenormous, and so, too, are the effects ofinflation," Gray said. "For example, theUniversity's value to its students and, infact, our sodety dépends on a faculty ofundisputed excellence. Salaries must bemaintained and must remain compétitive with those at other comparable institutions.32 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO M AG AZINE/Spring 1981"The same may be said for the li-braries and their collections. This is a resource at the heart of the University, af-fected, as everything else is, by inflation.Sériais alone are projected to increase incost by 22 per cent."Unrestricted funds are the primarysource of finandal aid for students, andsupport for the able student who needsassistance must be not only maintainedbut enhanced."While no part of our society is im-mune to the substantial accélération ofprices, the issue is how to préserve thosestrengths most essential to us."The steeply escalating cost of utilities is another major problem. The University has had an extensive energy conservation program which achieved a 6per cent drop in consumption last year.Nonetheless, the total cost of utilities tothe unrestricted budget is rising sharplyas a resuit of high price increases. Thetotal expenditures for electridty, heat,and air conditioning in the coming yearwill require heavy additional commit-ments of resources.The increase in tuition will rangefrom 17 per cent to 17.6 per cent, saidCharles D. O'Connell, vice-présidentand Dean of Students. He noted that theUniversity's tuition will remain amongthe lowest of the nation's major privateuniversities."The actual dollar 'gap' betweenChicago's tuition and that of other national private universities will widen insome cases," O'Connell said, "despiteour having been forced to raise tuitionthis year and last at roughly the samepercentage rate as thèse other universities."At the same time, O'Connell said,scholarship assistance will be raised at arate substantially above the tuition increase. The University's commitment toexpand scholarship assistance will affectstudents in nearly every area."We are determined," O'Connellsaid, "to make it possible for the verybest students in the country to attendChicago, whatever their économie rir-cumstances. This has become muchmore difficult, with no increase apparentin the fédéral and state scholarship fundsavailable to our students, but we shall doour best to compensa te."Scholarship aid for undergraduatesfrom ail University sources, unrestrictedand endowed, was increased 21 per centthis year when tuition rose 13.3 per cent and — over ail — will go up 37 per centnext year. Aid to undergraduates fromthe University's gênerai académie budget is expected to rise by 60 percent."This particular increase in under-graduate scholarship funds should helpus to offset a leveling of f of fédéral aid forundergraduates," O'Connell said.He said also that the University anticipâtes a considérable expansion of fédéral Collège Work-Study funds whichwill permit more students to earn asignificant part of their collège expensesby part-time work on the Quadrangles."Even at the minimum wage,"O'Connell said, "a student willing towork 15 hours a week can earn more than$1,200 during the académie year." Mostpositions pay more.Greater financial aid resources willalso be made availabe to graduate students. Last year, beyond augmenting thegraduate student aid budget by the percent of the tuition increase, the University made an additional $330,000 a-vailable to graduate students in thehumanities, social sdences, and basicbiological sdences. O'Connell said thatsuch additional aid would be continuedand increased."Graduate students should be ableto plan ahead and to know that the as sistance they receive in the first year willbe available in the second and third yearsof study, if they meet the académiestandards of their program. To the de-gree resources permit, it is our intentionto give graduate students that assurance,and we are making real progress towardthat goal," O'Connell said.To meet projected surges in operat-ing costs, esperially energy and foodcosts, charges for room and board in theUniversity's résidence halls will increase13 per cent for most résident students. Adouble room and full board (20 meals aweek) will cost $3,180 in the 1981-82académie year, as compared with $2,815this year. The additional charge for students living in single rooms will beslightly more — 13.4 per cent or $430. Av-erage charges for single room and fullboard will increase from $3,205 to $3,610.The typical term bill (tuition, roomand board) for an undergraduate at theUniversity will rise 16 per cent from$7,910 in 1980-81 to $9,180 in 1981-82.The term bill for graduate studentsin the University's four graduate Divisions who live in University résidencehalls and are on full board contacts willgo from $8,760 to $9,910, an increase of13.1 per cent. Most graduate students,however, are not on board contacts.TUITION INCREASEThe University of Chicago has announced tuition increases for theacadémie year beginning in Summer 1981 to be accompanied by a substantial incrément in scholarship assistance.Tuition levels for the fortheoming year for the différent areas of theUniversity are:AREA INCREASE 1980-81 1981-82Collège $ 900 $5,100 $6,000Graduate Divisions $ 945 $5,355 $6,300Divinity School $ 900 $5,280 $6,180Graduate Library School " " "School of Social Service/Administration " » "Committee on PublicPolicy Studies » - "Law School $1,083 $6,192 $7,275Pritzker School of Medirine $1,014 $5,760 $6,774*Graduate School of Business $1,105 $6,300 $7,405*Medical School juniors and seniors are required to register for fouryear. Average Médical School tuition in 1981-82 will be $7,903. quarters a33Yuenger Appointed. James L. Yuen-ger, a vétéran Chicago Tribune reporter,has been appointed director of news andinformation for the University.Yuenger will direct the Office ofUniversity News and Information,which is responsible for contacts with theprint and broadcast média and the coordination of non-academic publications.Yuenger, 41, worked for severalnewspapers and the Assodated Press inWisconsin before joining the Tribune in1963.He was a correspondent in Washington from 1967 to 1970, covering theWhite House and State Department;Moscow correspondent in 1971-72; andchief European correspondent, based inLondon, in 1975-76. At other times heserved as foreign editor and assistantnews editor in charge of national andforeign news.Yuenger covered four wars and re-ported from more than forty countries.He twice won the Tribune's Edward ScottBeck Award, its highest editorial a-ward — in 1971 for the exclusive disclo-sure of the death of Soviet spy RudolfAbel, and in 1976 for distinguishedforeign reporting from sou them Africa.Yuenger and his wife and son live inHyde Park.Government Appointées. Béryl W.Sprinkel, MBA'48, PhD'52, is the newU.S. Treasury under secretary for mon-etary affairs.Sprinkel was formerly executivevice-président of Harris Trust and Sav-ings Bank of Chicago. In his new post,Sprinkel will manage and finance the national debt, and défend the dollar's valueoverseas. He will also act as the Treas-ury's liaison with the Fédéral ReserveBank, which régulâtes the money supplyand interest rates.The new under secretary for taxation at the Treasury is Norman B.Ture, AM'47, PhD'68. Ture pioneeredthe development of supply-side économies and its application to tax policymore than a décade ago. He has taughtpublic finance at the Wharton School ofFinance and at George Washington University. He served with the Treasury Department from 1951-55 and with the jointEconomie Committee from 1955-61.Président of his own consulting firm,Ture was recently elected président ofthe National Tax Assodation-Tax Insti- James Yuengertu te of America. Representing businessclients, Ture has frequently testified atcongressional hearings in favor of business tax cuts and added tax incentives forinvestment.The new under secretary of défensefor policy is Fred C. Iklé, AM'48,PhD'50.Ikle was director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency underformer Président Gerald Ford. A sorio-logist and business executive, Ikléworked for the Rand Corporation inSanta Monica,.California from 1955-61,and was head of the social sdence départaient from 1968-73. He has taught atthe Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and is the author of The Social Impactof Bomb Destruction, How Nations Nego-tiate, and Every War Must End.William A. Niskanen, AM'55,PhD'62, has been named to the Councilof Economie Advisers by the Reagan administration. He will be responsible formany économie issues, including trade,régulation, subsidies, and labor policy.Niskanen opposes restrictions onexports of Japanese cars to this country.He also believes that Fédéral aid to work-ers who hâve lost their jobs because ofimports "has been rather abused." Hesaid "many auto workers now receivingtrade adjustment assistance had beenemployed making big cars and were vic-tims not of imports but of the trend toward smaller cars."Niskanen was a student of MiltonFriedman's at the University, and sharesmany of his économie views. He hasworked for the Rand Corporation inSanta Monica, California, the DéfenseDepartment, and the Institute for Défense Analysis where he was director of économies. He also worked for the FordMotor Co. from 1975-80, where he waschief economist, and most recently hastaught courses in public budget processes and derision-making by votersand public officiais in the GraduateSchool of Management at the Universityof California, Los Angeles.(Note: At the time the Magazine went to press, several ofthèse appointments were awaiting Senate confirmation.)Little Red Schoolhouse. Rememberthe dismay you felt when your writingassignments were returned to you covered with hieroglyphics like "Awk," "nopar. struc!" and "sp. inf."? The continu-ing problem of teaching collège studentsto write well has recently become an important topic among educators. At theUniversity Joseph Williams, professor inthe Departments of English and Lin-guistics and the Peter B. Ritzma Professor in the Collège, and two of his collea-gues, Frank Kinahan and Gregory Colomb, both assistant professors of English in the Department of English and theCollège, think the time has corne to ad-dress the problem. Along with a staff oftwelve graduate assistants from variousdoctoral programs in the University,they are instructors in the Little RedSchoolhouse (LRS), a program thatteaches advanced expository writing tostudents in ail disciplines.The title of the program reflects itsintent — to bring students back to thebasics of a clear and distinct style of writing. Williams says that problems of styletend to surface in a student's junior orsenior year, when he or she must beginto wrestle with more abstract and dif-ficult ideas. The paradox was that, untilLRS opened its doors in the Winter quar-ter of 1980, almost ail instruction in expository writing was given in freshmanhumanities courses, before the studentfaced this transition.Williams, whose own upperclasscomposition courses were overcrowded,saw the need for expansion in the area.Kinahan had noticed the same problem,so together with Colomb they developedthe non-credit LRS Lecture Séries, heldin 1980. The response was so great thatthey began forming a class based on thelectures. With the help of Jonathan Z.Smith, dean of the Collège, the coursewas started the following year.The class is open to second, third,and fourth-year students in the Collège.It is structured on a lecture/tutorialUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAG AZINE/Spring 1981model. Williams, Kinahan, or Colomblecture for an hour, then students meetin smaller tutorial groups to discuss thelecture and receive their assignments.Several days later they again meet intutorial groups to discuss their papers.Assignments range in difficultyfrom writing a eulogy for a friend to ex-plaining or refuting ideas in a newspap-er's finandal section. The emphasis, saysWilliams, is always on teaching the students a précise style that best allowsthem to express their ideas clearly to aspécifie audience, so that they can leamto write dearly in a variety of disdplines.The students also learn to edit material,both their own and that of other writers."We hâve tried to offer, not a remédiai course, but one for people whoalready know how to write well byacadémie standards, who want to leamto write clearly, precisely, and effect-ively, and also to learn to edit otherpeoples' writing," said Williams. "Weare trying to give them an idea of what itis like to look at their own and someoneelse's writing and to explain why it'sgood or bad, and how to edit it. "Graduate instructor Lawrence Mc-Enerney says his students write on a variety of topics, ranging from mock grantproposais to définitions of mathematicalproofs. The students' primary concern,he noted, is with the practical applicationof clear writing in the professional world.At least one student has put her learningto immédiate use; she has had an articlepublished.Response to LRS in the first quarterit was offered was so great that the eightyseats in the class filled long before undergraduates had finished registering.One "graduate" of LRS commented:"This course has helped improve mywriting about three-hundred percent!" The fossil footprints, Leakey ex-plained, were found in 1978 in Laetoli,Tanzania. They are footprints made byhominids, extinct pre-ancestors of humans, and an important bit of évidencethat early predecessors of humanswalked erect that long ago. The volcanicash in which they were found was datedto 3.6 million years by the potassium/argon method. The three pairs of footprints demonstrated two-footednessidentical to modem humans, long beforethe use of stone tools had been demonstrated. Previously it had been thoughtthat bipedalism facilitated tool use anddeveloped simultaneously with tools.As to how anything so ephemeral asfootprints came to be preserved, Leakeyspeculated that ash from nearby Sadi-man volcano (now extinct) fell to theground, became wet from rain, andBarefoot in the Ash. For anthropology and archeology students, it was athrilling moment. Up on the screen before them, as they ate from bag lunchesin a basement room in Haskell Hall (nowthe home of the Anthropology Department), was a color slide showing theworld's most famous (and undoubtedlymost important) footprints. And there,describing what they were, how theyprobably came to be preserved for 3.6million years, and what it felt like to hâvefound them, was their discoverer her-self, world-reknowned anthropologist-archeologist Mary Douglas Leakey. Mary Douglas Leakeysomewhat like newly laid cernent, begantaking prints of anything that walked init. The hot sun dried the ash, which thenwas covered with another layer of ash.Again the hot sun baked the wet ash, andmiraculously, the footprints were preserved.The footprints also led (pun in-tended) to Leakey's having been invitedto the University to be awarded an hon-orary Doctor of Sdence degree.The degree was bestowed on Leakey at the University's 380th convocation onMarch 20; 331 other degrees also wereconferred.David N. Schramm, professor andchairman of the Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics and professor inthe Department of Physics, the EnricoFermi Institute, and the Collège, was theconvocation speaker. His topic was"Synthesis and Diversity."Leakey was awarded the honorarydegree on the recommendation of theCommittee on Evolutionary Biology; theUniversity awards honorary degreesonly for scholarly achievement.Leakey is director of research at Old-uvai Gorge in Tanzania and senior research fellow of the Louis Leakey Mémorial Institute for Prehistory and Paleon-tology in Nairobi, Kenya.The footprints are, of course, onlyone of Leakey's spectacular — and important — finds. In the late 1970s she un-covered remains of 22 hominid individuals at Laetoli. Dated at 3.75 million years,the fossils may hâve added a millionyears to évidence of human origins.Leakey was honored for, amongother things, having developed modelmulti-disriplinary methods of excavat-ing and mapping the distribution of earlyhominid and Pleistocene mammalianremains.Excavation under the direction ofLeakey and her late husband, Louis S. B.Leakey (1903-1972) at Olduvai Gorge, a35-mile-long site in northem Tanzania,produced remains of fifty hominid individuals. Thèse included skull fragmentsof a 1.75 million-year-old extinct hominid, discovered in 1959, which theyplaced outside the direct ancestry of human beings.The Leakeys also discovered Homohabilis, a tool-making créature who livedat least two million years ago and whomthey considered a true human ancestor.They found additional remains of Homoerectus, a million-year-old possible suc-cessor to Homo habilis.Russell H. Tuttle, professor in theDepartment of Anthropology and theCommittee on Evolutionary Biology, ar-ranged for students to meet with Mrs.Leakey, over footprints and sandwiches.Dissident Kung To Teach. RomanCatholic theologian Hans Kung has beennamed the John Nuveen Visiting Professor at the University for the fall quarter,1981.35Kung, a prominent theologianwhose views on papal infallibility, birthcontrol, and the right of women to holdchurch office prompted censure fromVatican authorities, is currently on thefaculty of the University of Tubingen, inWest Germany. In 1979 Pope John Paul IIrevoked Kung' s status as a Catholictheologian there. However, he remainson the faculty as professor of ecumenicaltheology, a position beyond the controlof Church authorities. He is expected toreturn to Tubingen after his stay hère.Kung will hold his appointaient inthe Divinity School."The University is committed toacadémie freedom, and we are pleased toexpress that commitment by invitingsomeone whose freedom has beenquestioned," said Franklin Gamwell,dean of the Divinity School.Kung will teach two graduatecourses while he is hère, both dealingwith his major subjects of study. Onewill be an introductory course on ecumenical theology, and the other will bean advanced seminar addressing thequestion, "Does God exist?" He haswritten best-selling books on both subjects.Kung also will be giving a séries ofpublic lectures on campus during thequarter, as part of the Hiram W. Thomaslecture séries. He is expected to live inHyde Park while he is hère.Guest Teachers. Several faculty members hâve visited high schools aroundthe country in récent months, on behalfof recruitment for The Collège.Richard Hellie, AB'58, AM'60, PhD'65, professor in the Department ofHistory and the Collège, and chairman ofthe Russian Qvilization Program in theCollège, visited six high schools in hishometown, Des Moines, Iowa. Hetaught two Advanced Placement (collègelevel) English classes, and a class in Russian history at Hoover High School.Dr. Elliott Kieff, PhD'71, professorin the Departments of Medicine andMicrobiology, taught three AP biologicalsdences courses in his own aima mater,Central High School in Philadelphia,Pennsylvania .Jonathan Fanton, vice-président forplanning and lecturer in the Sodal Sdences Collegiate Division, and EdwardW. Rosenheim, AB'39, AM'47, PhD'53,the David B. and Clara E. Stern Professor in the Department of English and theCollège, taught classes at several highschools in Florida.Fanton taught AP American history;Rosenheim taught AP English. Theygave classes at Jesuit High School,Tampa; Ransom-Everglades School andPalmetto Senior High School in Miami;and Pine Crest School in Fort Lauder-dale. (Pine Crest School was founded in1944 by Mae Hom McMillan, AM'44; herson, William J. McMillan, AM'50, isheadmaster.)After their teaching stint at PineCrest School, Fanton and Rosenheimjoined headmaster McMillan, assistantheadmaster Spencer Lane, and six members of the Broward County (Florida)Alumni Schools Committee for lunch.ASC members attending were: MaxineKroman Tanis, PhB'48, Dr. Arnold L.Tanis, PhB'47, SB'49, MD'51, both ofHollywood, Florida; Lawrence Mark,AB'64, of Cooper City, Florida; DonnaGleason Grady, MBA'51, of Fort Lau-derdale; David Flight, PhD'70, and PaulCohen, AM'63, both of Plantation,Florida.New Major. History, Philosophy, andSocial Studies of Sdence and Medicine(HiPSS), a new undergraduate degreeprogram, has begun accepting students.The new program's goal, accordingto its director Robert J. Richards, PhD'78,is to teach students how to make rea-soned interprétations and évaluations ofscience and science policy. Richards isassistant professor in the Departments ofHistory, Behavioral Sciences, the Collège, and the Committee on the Con-ceprual Foundations of Sdence.HiPSS is sponsored by the MorrisFishbein Center for the Study of theHistory of Science and Medicine. TheCenter's former director, the late ArnoldW. Ravin, and other faculty membersdesigned the interdisciplinary programfor undergraduates interested in study-ing science in the context of its historicaldevelopment, conceptual structure, andsocial rôle.Students who choose this new areaof concentration must first complète athree-quarter séquence of courses sur-veying the growth of science in Westerncivilization, and do sufficient work inone or more sciences to acquire a soundfoundation for studying the nature of thescientific enterprise. Each student then takes a number of courses in a major areaof concentration: the history and philosophy of science, the social context andconséquences of the scientific enterprise,or the ethical problems and context ofscience and medicine. Finally, each student must write a bachelor's thesis in-tegrating académie studies and bringingthem to bear on a significant questionrelated to some aspect of sdence.The faculty committee overseeingHiPSS anticipâtes that graduâtes of theprogram will choose from a wide varietyof careers, in such fields as medicine,law, the history and philosophy of science, public policy, and journalism.A Melody of Mathematicians. Ifcombined brainpower could hâve beenharnessed, Eckhart Hall undoubtedlymight hâve been made to levitate severalfeet off the ground on Mardi 23, as morethan 200 of the world's leading mathematicians gathered there. They were intown for a six-day conférence on harmonie analysis held in célébration of theeightieth birthday of Antoni Zygmund,Gustavus F. and Anne M. Swift Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus ofMathematics.At the opening session on the after-noon of March 23 the sheer amount ofemotional warmth unleashed in Eckhart133 (the lecture hall familiar to générations of students) might hâve done thetrick. The hall seats about 235; mathematicians of ail sizes and âges, speakingin a babble of tongues, jammed everyseat and overflowed into the aisles andagainst the walls.At 2:37 p. m., according to our manon the scène (mathematicians like to beprécise), a hush fell on the room at asignal that the guest of honor was arriv-ing. In walked Zygmund, accompaniedby one of his former students, Alberto P.Calderon, PhD'50, University Professorin the Department of Mathematics andone of the organizers of the affair.As they entered everyone rose andburst into applause which kept up forprecisely two minutes and twenty-twoseconds.It was a joyous, moving occasion.Zygmund's eyes glistened as he beamedat a whole hallful of his students andadmirers; they beamed back, many ofthem tearfully, too.Zygmund is considered one of theoutstanding mathematicians and teach-36 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/Spring 1981Antoni Zygmund (left) and former student Elias M. Steiners of mathematics of this century. Sincehe began his career in Warsaw in the1920s he has made unique contributionsto the field of harmonie analysis andtaught many outstanding mathematicians."He has created a world-famousschool of harmonie analysis. His students hâve gone forth throughout theworld, and are themselves tuming outstudents," said William H. Meyer,SM'37, PhD'47, professor in the Department of Mathematics and the Collège.Zygmund was born in Warsaw in1900 and received his Ph.D. degree fromthe University of Warsaw in 1923. As aprivate in the Polish army he defendedhis country against the German invasionin 1939. He emigrated to the U.S. in 1940,came to the University as a professor in1947, and became a distinguished serviceprofessor in 1964.Zygmund has written 182 papersand several books, among the latter thedassic Trigonométrie Séries, and AnalyticFunctions.It is difficult, sometimes, for mathematicians to tell laymen what they do.Once, in reply to a reporter's question,Zygmund replied:"We ail hâve our small gardens tocultivate.""Harmonie analysis is just whatyou'd think: Analysis of the wavescreated by vibrating strings, and morecomplex variations of the same thing,"explained former student Victor Sha- piro, SB'47, SM'49, PhD'52, now at theUniversity of California at Riverside, tothe same reporter."The people who designed theApollo spacecraft and planned its flightsused it. It's used in crystallography. Thepeople who discovered the structure ofvitamin B-12 made use of it."In addition to Calderon, two otherfamous mathematicians spoke at theopening session of the conférence:Zygmund's student Elias M. Stein,AB'51, SM'53, PhD'55, now professor ofmathematics at Princeton University;and his long-time friend, Jean-PierreKahaneof Paris.Afterwards, guests streamed over tothe Quadrangle Club for a réception, anda bit later, 160 dined together.Toastmaster at the dinner was FélixE. Browder, the Louis Block Professorand Chairman of the Department ofMathematics. Speakers were Calderonand Izaak Wirszup, PhD'55, professor inthe Department of Mathematics and theCollège (also a former student of Zygmund's.) A brief speech also was givenby one of Zygmund's earliest students,L. Jesmanowicz, who had corne from Po-land for the event. George J. Zygmund,AB'56, MBA'58, came from England tohelp celebrate his father's birthday.The evening ended with an impromptu rendition of "Gaudeamus igi-tur," the old students' song, led by Ed-win Hewitt of the University of Washington, Seattle. The visiting mathematicians attend-ed lectures and participated in seminarsfor the rest of the week, led, naturally, bythe old master himself .Zygmund is emeritus, but each au-tumn and winter quarter he conductstwo seminars. Eckhart 308 is reserved onWednesday and Thursday aftemoons,as it has been for many years, for hisseminars.(Eckhart Hall, inridentally, cele-rates its fifty-second birthday this year. Itwas the first building on a collègecampus in the U.S. to be designed espe-cially for mathematics.)Kudos. Ronald H. Coase, Senior Fellowand Clifton R. Musser Professor Emeritus in the Law School, has won the 1979-80 prize for distinguished scholarship inlaw and économies given by the Law andEconomies Center of the University ofMiami in Coral Gables, Florida. The university rited Coase's "Payola in Radioand Télévision" and "The Nature of TheFirm" as among his outstanding contributions to the field of économies.Eugène F. Fama, MBA'63, PhD'64,has been awarded the prize for the bestpaper presented at the semiannual semi-nar sponsored by the Institute forQuantitative Research in Finance. TheInstitute is part of the Graduate School ofBusiness Administration of ColumbiaUniversity. Fama's paper, "Stock Re-tum, Real Activity, Inflation and Money," discussed the négative impart of inflation of stock prices during the 1970s.Fama is the Théodore O. Yntema Professor in the Graduate School of Business.Robert Gomer, professor and director of the James Franck Institute andprofessor in the Department of Chem-istry and the Collège, has been awardedthe 1981 Davisson-Germer Prize of theAmerican Physical Sodety. He was dted"for his pioneering contributions in un-derstanding adsorption and desorptionphenomena on single crystal surfaces using field émission and other spectro-scopic techniques."Aron A. Moscona, Louis Block Professor in the Departments of Biology andPathology, and the Collège, has beenelected a Foreign Member of the InstitutoLombardo, Accademia di Sdenza e Let-tere, the oldest and most vénérable Ita-lian science academy. Moscona studiesthe process of récognition which occursin certain embryonic brain cells duringearly development and how thèse cells37group to form tissues.Dr. Dieudortne J. Mewissen, professor in the Department of Radiology,received the Dag Hammarskjold International Award in Brussels in October, forhis cancer research. Dr. Mewissen studies the late biological effects of low-doseirradiation, particularly of tritium, a radioactive form of hydrogen.Dr. Pierce Gardner has been electedchairman of the Nosocomial InfectionsDivision of the American Society ofMicrobiology. Dr. Gardner is professorin Medicine (Infectious Diseases) andPediatrics and director of the InternaiMedicine Training Program at the University.Stuart McKerrow, Visiting Professor in Geophysical Sciences at theUniversity, has won the 1981 Lyell Medalof the Geophysical Society of London"for his work on Lower Palaeozoicstratigraphy and techtonics in countrieson both sides of the Atlantic. " McKerrowis senior lecturer in the Departments ofGeology and Mineralogy at the University of Oxford.Charles W. Wegener, AB'42, PhD'50, has won the 1981 Frédéric W. NessBook Award of the Assodation of American Collèges for his book Libéral Educationand the Modem University (The Universityof Chicago Press, 1978). Wegener is Howard L. Willett Professor in the Collègeand chairman of the Committee on theAnalysis of Ideas and the Study ofMethods.Collège students Rochell Bobroff,'83, and Vincent Hillery, '81, repre-sented the University at the First WorldCompétition Debate Toumament at theUniversity of Glasgow, Scotland, inJanuary. The Chicago duo finished fif-teenth out of the forty-six teams enteredin the parliamentary style debate. Topicsincluded sorialism, violence in politicalexpression, and relations with the thirdworld.Rare Bookbindings Exhibit. When JohnW. Carswell, curator of the Oriental Institute Muséum, first arrived to take uphis post three years ago, from AmericanUniversity in Beirut, he was taken on atour of the muséum. In the basementsomeone waved a hand at a box sittingon a cupboard and said,"You may be interested in those."Carswell dusted the box off andlooked inside. "There was this extraordinary collection of bookbindings," he recalled.The bookbindings had been pur-chased in 1929 by the Institute's founder,James Henry Breasted, from the well-known German orientalist, Dr. BernardMoritz. Moritz was director of the Khedi-vial Library in Cairo before the firstWorld War, and it is probable that muchof his collection was bought in Egypt,although it contains items from ail overthe Islamic world. The Oriental InstituteMuseum's collection includes more than100 bindings and books, with many fineexamples from the thirteenth to theeighteenth centuries.Why only bindings, without books?"Thèse very old books were fallingto pièces," explained Carswell. "Moritztook the pages out and had them placedin new bindings. But he had the goodsensé to save the old covers."Carswell asked Sydney Huttner,AB'63, AM'69, then assistant to the director of Spedal Collections at Regen-stein Library (now at Syracuse University) if he could find anything writtenabout Islamic bookbindings. Huttnerfound a doctoral thesis written by GulnarKheirallah Bosch, PhD'52.Carswell called Bosch, a professor ofart history at Florida State University,Tallahassee, Florida.Would she, he asked, like to corne toChicago to help plan an exhibition of Islamic bookbindings?Bosch accepted his offer with de-light, although Carswell thought shesounded a bit teary.It tumed out that she was crying —with happiness. Bosch, who had joinedthe faculty at Florida State University in 1941, and had headed the art départaient(art history and studio art) from 1960-74,had retired in 1977. She then worked atthe Jacksonville Muséum, on the Kogercollection of Far Eastern art. But she hadbeen stricken with osteoarthritis, andhad gradually found it more and moredifficult to walk."John happened to catch me at myapartment at a time when I was in thedepths of despair over the pain. At suchmoments, you resign yourself, andthink, well, your life is over. When Iheard his request, I couldn't believe it,"she recalled."I also did not know at that timewhat an opération would do for me. I'vesince had two opérations, one on eachhip, and I'm fine."Next, Carswell needed an expert toadvise him on putting thèse andentbindings in shape."I had met in Europe a clever butslightly mad Australian, called GuyPetherbridge, who edits a publicationcalled The Paper Conservator. Everyone inthe world calls Guy for advice; he is anitinérant expert on early Christianbookbindings."Petherbridge was exdted at the ideaof working with early Islamic bookbindings.With a $5,000 grant from a donor,Carswell brought Bosch and Petherbridge to Chicago, and they planned theexhibit and symposium.The next step was procurement of agrant from the National Endowment forthe Humanities.The resuit of ail this is the opening,on May 18, of an exhibit and symposiumtitled Islamic Bindings and Bookmaking, atthe Oriental Institute. The exhibit willrun from May 18-July 31. The symposium will be held May 18-19, and is opento the public (at $12 a head). Partidpantswill include authorities from the U.S.,Europe, and the Near East; they will discuss the process of Islamic bookmaking,and the great importance of the book inthe médiéval Islamic world.Since many of the exhibits are toofragile to travel, the exhibition will beshown only in Chicago.The bindings hâve been placed in spe-rially designed mounts, to conservethem."Our aim was conservation, not re-storation," observed Carswell.(For information on the exhibit and/or symposium, call (312) 475-2475.)38 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/Spring 1981CLASS NEWS| O Leonora Vickerland, X'12, and herI «ii husband, Fred, celebrated their six-ty-eighth wedding anniversary on ChristmasDay, 1980. They live in Pasadena, CA."1 O Stuart Queen, AM'13, PhD'19, was1-\*J Senior World Magazine's Novembersélection for volunteer of the month. Queen,who is ninety-one years old, was formerlyhead of the Department of Sociology at theUniversity of Kansas, where he wrote elevenbooks on sociology and social services."1 'T Naana Forbes, PhB'17, celebrated-L / her one-hundredth birthday inSeptember. The former teacher, actress, andspeaker now résides in Winnebago, MN,where she main tains her health by taking reg-ular walks."1 O Marie Farnsworth, SB' 18, PhD'22,JLO has received the first PomeranceAward of the Archeological Institute ofAmerica for scientific contributions to arch-eology. The award was presented in récognition of her pioneering work in archeologicalchemistry.OO Earl B. Dickerson, JD'20, the first±—\J black to earn a law degree from theUniversity, has been selected to receive the1981 Illinois Achievement Award. Dickerson,honorary chairman of the board at SuprêmeLife Insurance Company of America, won re-known for his arguments in Hansberry vs. Lee,a landmark restrictive housing case, beforethe Suprême Court in 1940.Harold W. Schaefer, DB'20, président ofthe Eurêka Company in Bloomington, IL, hasbeen elected président of the American Institute of Climatology. The institute promotesthe science of bioclimatology and biomete-orology.O "| Mr. and Mrs. Pao-Chun Nyi, bothZ. J. SB'21, of the People's Republic ofChina, recently visited their son, Steve Nyi,in Joliet, Illinois. The two met while undergraduates at the University. Both are widelyrespected physicians in China, and Mr. Nyi isrecognized as the country's first teacher ofplastic surgery, and a founder Fellow of theInternational Collège of Surgeons.TQ Henry C. Spruth, SB'23, and his^\J wife, Gertrude Keener Spruth,SB'25, of Lake Bluff, IL, discussed StephenToulmin's article, "Science and Ethics: CanThey Be Reconnected?", which appeared inthe Winter 1981 issue of The University ofChicago Magazine, in their Great Books Discussion Group. The group has met for twenty-seven years. American Médical Writers Association. Theaward was given in récognition of Jung'smany accomplishments and contributions inthe field of médical communications.C. Rufus Rorem, AM'25, PhD'29, hasbeen given the 1980 Distinguished ServiceAward of the Hospital Association of Penn-sylvania. Rorem has served in a variety ofhospital positions in Pennsylvania, and iscurrently a spécial consultant for the BlueCross Association.O *7 Thomas R. Mulroy, PhB'27, JD'28, is^— ' senior counsel at the Chicago lawfirm of Hopkins and Sutter, and chairman ofthe board for the Evanston Hospital Corporation. Mulroy is also a former président of theLincoln Academy of Illinois, patterned afterthe French Academy to honor past and présent Illinoisans with the Order of Lincoln.Mulroy is married, has three children, andeleven grandchildren.O Q Cari Henrikson, Jr. PhB'28, and the4—KJ Minnesota Historical Society hâvereceived a Certificate of Commendation forproducing a documentary film on logging,"The Last Log Drive," from the AmericanAssociation for State and Local History.Arnold E. Ross, SB'28, SM'29, PhD'31,has received the Ohio State University (OSU)Distinguished Service Award. Ross is professor emeritus of mathematics at OSU.Ol Charles A. Pollak, PhB'31, has^ -L been elected président of the LosAngeles Child Guidance Clinic, the oldestchildren's mental health facility on the Pacificcoast, and an affiliated institution of the University of Southern California. Long active incivic and community affairs, Pollak hasserved as chairman of the 1970 Commerceand Industry United Crusade in San Fernando, CA, and has been a volunteer with theUnited Way of Los Angeles since 1971, serv-ing as a member of its régional and corporateboards and corporate executive committee,and vice-chairman of one of its campaigns.He is currently interested in improving research on, and éducation and facilities foryoung men and women with mental healthproblems. Pollak retired in 1976 as présidentof Ail Phase Color Corp. in Sylmar, CA. Withhis wife, Margaret, he recently attended hisfiftieth class reunion at the University.QO Théodore Ashford, SB'32, SM'34,^-J^- PhD'36, professor of chemistry atthe University of South Florida (USF) inTampa, has established a Théodore Ask-ounes-Ashford Doctoral Fellowship in chemistry at the university. Ashford has taught atUSF since 1960.25 Frédéric T. Jung, PhD'25, has received the first life membership tothe Greater Chicago Area Chapter of the 33 Molly Mason Jones, PhB'33, professor emeritus at Scripps Collège,Claremont, CA, has been named to the board of trustées of Pitzer Collège, also in Claremont.Anna L. Keaton, PhD'33, has receivedthe Normal, IL Chamber of Commerce Citizen of the Year Award. Keaton is former professor and dean of women students at IllinoisState University in Normal.Q C W. Allen Wallis, X'35, chancellor of<J >— ' the University of Rochester, Roches-ter, NY, has been awarded the Samuel WilksMémorial Medal, the major award of theAmerican Statistical Association, for his con-tinuing work in statistical theory and meth-odology, and his contributions to statisticalpractice.O L. Robert H. Ebert, SB'36, MD'42, has\J\J been named a régent of the Uni-formed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), a fédéral institution thateducates men and women for health careersin the médical corps of the Army, Navy, AirForce, and Public Health Service.Rabbi Albert Goldman, AB'36, has retired from the Isaac Wise Temple in Cincinnati, OH, where he had served for twenry-seven years. Goldman now serves at a Johns-town, PA temple.Edward J. Preston, AB'36, has beenpromoted to senior cargo executive at DeltaAir Lines.r%J7 John M. Beat, SB'37, MD'41, has^¦J ' been chosen by Northwestern University's board of trustées to hold the J.Roscoe Miller Distinguished Chair of Medicine. Beal was also recently appointedchairman of the régents of the American Collège of Surgeons.C. Russell Cox, SB'37, MBA'50, has beenelected to the Illinois Manufacturera Association 1981 board of directors. The association ismade up of 5,600 industrial firms of ail sizesthroughout the state. Cox is chief executiveofficer of the Andrew Corporation, OrlandPark, IL.E. Grosvenor Plowman, PhD'37, has received the U.S. Department of Transportation Award for Exceptional Public Service inrécognition of fifty years of involvement withtransportation. Plowman has been a con-Correction: Donald Pierson, AM'33, PhD'39, didnot create the Escola de Sodologia e Politica in SaoPaulo, Brazil, as noted in Class News in the previ-ous issue. He organized the first Brazilian Department of Sociology and Anthropology at the school;he introduced graduate work in the social sciences,and the tradition of taking students into the field tolearn to do research; and he directed a translationprogram at the school which was later expandedinto a book séries under his supervision. Also, oneof Pierson's publications (and not the school's, asreported) is in its thirty-sixth year and seventeenthédition, with an eighteenth édition to be publishedshortly. We regret the errors.39sultant to the military, and was deputy under secretary for tiansportation from 1962-64.David G. Speer, AB'37, AM'39, has beennamed professor emeritus of French at theUniversity of South Carolina, Columbia.Speer has also been presented with the in-signia of Chevalier in the Ordre des PalmesAcadémiques by the ambassador of France.-sVv Laurel N. Jackson, AM'38, has re-^-/Lv ceived the Award of Gold in RoyalArch-Masonry for fifty years of membershipin the Lawrenceburg, IN chapter.Nicholas J. Letang, SB'38, PhD'40, hasretired as gênerai manager of the atomic energy division of the Du Pont Company'spetrochemical départaient, after a career offorty years with the Wilmington, DE firm.Graham Newell, AB'38, AM'49, hasbeen awarded the distinction of professoremeritus in the Department of Social Sciencesat Lyndon State Collège, Lyndonville, VT.^2{j Léon Jacobson, MD'39, has received\-s S the Distinguished Award for Outstanding Contributions in Medicine from theAmerican Society of Contemporary Medicineand Surgery. Jacobson is professor of medicine and Joseph Regensteîn Professor ofBiological and Médical Sciences in the Collègeat the University. A hematologist, hepioneered the nitrogen mustard treatment ofcancer.Rev. Earl E. G. Linden, AM'39, has beennamed to the Advisory Council of NatchaugHospital in Connecticut. Linden will serve asan advisor for programs in the field of mentalhealth.AÇ\ Elise Byfield Gilden, AB'40, has re-j£\J ceived the Award of Merit for Outstanding Achievement in the Field of Leam-ing Disabilities from the Arizona Associationfor Children and Adults with Leaming Disabilities./j | Turner Camp, SB'41, a long-time^t -L Veteran's Administration physicianwith extensive administrative expérience, hasbeen named associate deputy chief médicaldirector of the agency's Department ofMedicine and Surgery.James Lawson, AB'41, gave the dedica-tory récital for the restored carillon of the NewBrunswick Theological Seminary in NewBrunswick, NJ. Lawson is a former carillon-neur for the University.W. H. Roger Smith, AB'41, MBA'50, hasbeen appointed vice-président, treasurer,and business manager of George WilliamsCollège (GWC) in Downer's Grove, IL. Smithhas been on the faculty at GWC since 1970.Afy Maurice Clifford, AM'42, has beenJt^. named président of the Médical Collège of Pennsylvania, where he has been afaculty member since 1955. He is the nation'sfirst black président of a predominantly non-black médical school.Lewis Drehman and William T. Nelson,both SB'42, were honored by the PhillipsPetroleum Company for discoveries and inventions leading to a combined total of fifty Evangeline AtwoodAlaskan of the YearEvangeline Atwood, AM'30, pio-neer Alaskan author, historian, andcivic leader, has been named the 1981Alaskan-of-the-Year. She is the second woman to receive the award in itsfourteen-year history. Her husband,Robert Atwood, was the first récipientof the award in 1967.Formerly a reporter for the An-chorage Times, Atwood is also the author of five books on Alaska, including83 Years of Neglect, which présents thearguments of nineteenth-centurystatesmen for Alaskan statehood, andWe Shall be Remembered, the story of thecolonization of the Matanuska Valley.In 1975 Atwood was named"Historian of the Year" by the AlaskaHistorical Society, and in 1967 she received an honorary degree from theUniversity of Alaska at Fairbanks forher many contributions to the state.Atwood continues to write, andremains deeply involved with Alaskancivic affairs. She serves on the state'sHistorical Commission and the AlaskaTechnical Review Board for HistoricalPréservation, as well as the AnchorageHistorical and Fine Arts Commission.The Atwoods hâve two daugh-ters, Marilyn Odom of Seattle andElaine Atwood, assistant publisher ofthe Anchorage Times.U.S. patents. Drehman's discoveries includepatents in petroleum refining processes, andNelson has patented inventions for syntheticnatural gas and solvent extraction.David Lazarus, SB'42, SM'47, PhD'49,has been appointed editor-in-chief of theAmerican Physical Society, with executiveresponsibilities for ail publications. Lazarusis professor of physics at the University of Illinois, Urbana.Everett K. Wilson, AM'42, PhD'52, hasreceived the American Sociological Associa-tion's first award for Distinguished Contributions to Teaching. Wilson, professor emeritusof sociology at the University of NorthCarolina, Chapel Hill, was cited for a lifetimeof commitment and productivity in sociology.Raymond H. Wittcoff, AB'42, has beenelected a director of the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the U.S. Wittcoff is présidentof Transuburban Investment Corporation ofSt. Louis, MO.A Q Harry W. Fischer, SB'43, MD'45,~*— "was awarded a Gold Medal of theAssociation of University Radiologists at theirannual meeting in April. Fischer, professorand chairman of radiology at the University ofRochester Médical Center in New York, wascited for his "excellent contributions to theadvancement of radiological science."A A Willard J. Pierson, SB'44, has re--L -L ceived the National Aeronautics andSpace Administration's Exceptional ServiceAchievement Medal for his work in utilizingremote sensing devices on earth satellites tostudy the océans. Pierson is on the faculty ofNew York City College's CUNY Institute ofMarine and Atmospheric Sciences.A R Eugène Van Scott, SB'45, MD'48,^t\»</ delivered the Lila Gruber CancerMémorial Research Award Lecture at the an-nual meeting of the American Academy ofDermatology in New York City. The GruberAward is presented each year to individualsand institutions for outstanding contributionsin cancer research.A C* James L. Anderson, SB'46, SM'49,^X\J professor of physics at Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, NY, has received that school's Jess H. Davis ResearchAward. Anderson is an authority on gênerairelativity and relativistic astrophysics.Jewel Stradf ord Laf ontant, JD'46, seniorpartner in the Chicago law firm of Lafontant,Wilkins, & Butler, has been elected an alumnatrustée of Oberlin Collège, Oberlin, OH.Donatta Yates, PhB'46, AM'48, principalat Dwight D. Eisenhower High School in OakLawn, IL, has been named certificate winnerin the "Those Who Excel" educational awardsprogram sponsored by the Illinois State Boardof Education. She has been principal of theschool since 1978.A 7 D°ris House Calloway, PhD'47, has-1- * been named the new provost forprofessional schools and collèges at the University of California at Berkeley. Calloway isalso chairman of the University's Departmentof Nutritional Science.John R. Cameron, SB'47, has receivedthe William D. Coolidge Award from theAmerican Association of Physicists in Medicine. Cameron, the Farrington Daniels Professor of Physics and Radiology at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, was recog-nized for his "outstanding contributions to40 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAG AZINE/Spring 1981the field of médical physics."Bernard A. Galler, PhB'47, SB'49, PhD'55, has been awarded the 1980 DistinguishedService Award from the Association of Computing Machinery . He is professor of computer and communication sciences at the University of Michigan. His wife, Enid HarrisGaller, AB'47, AM'50, has received thespecialist of aging certificate from the University of Michigan's Institute of Gerontolo-gy. She works at the Washtenaw Adult DayCare Center in Ann Arbor.Neal B. Grogan, SB'47, PhD'50, has beenappointed acting chairman of the Departmentof Microbiology and Immunology at the University of Washington, Seattle. Grogan hastaught at the University since 1950.Christine E. Haycock, PhB'47, SB'48, hasreceived her master's degree in political science from Rutgers University in New Brunswick, NJ. Haycock writes a syndicated médical column, and is an associate professor ofsurgery at the Collège of Medicine and Den-tistry of New Jersey in Newark.Rev. Shelby J. Light, DB'47, recently re-turned to Mt. Zion Church near Zanesville,OH, to preach his fiftieth anniversary sermon. Light, a member of the ministerial staffof First Congregational Church in LongBeach, CA, preached his first sermon at Mt.Zion in 1931.Anthony M. Trozzolo, PhB'47, MBA'50,Huisking Professor of Chemistry at the University of Notre Dame, is the 1980 récipient ofthe Gregory and Freda Halpern Award fromthe New York Academy of Sciences for outstanding contributions to photochemistry. Aformer associate editor of the Journal of theAmerican Chemical Society, Tozzolo is currentlyeditor of Chemical Reviews.Aft James W. Carty, Jr., DB'48, profes-^*' sor of communications at BethanyCollège, Bethany, WV, has been honored byhis journalism graduâtes from the classes of1959-1980. More than eighty persons con-tributed to a scholarship in Carty's name.Carty is currently on sabbatical, and is teaching at the Evangelical Seminary of PuertoRico.C. Donald La Budde, PhB'48, SB'48,SM'49, has been named chairman of the Department of Information Science at North-eastern Illinois University in Chicago.Michael Yaffee, PhB'48, has been honored for his work with the American Instituteof Aeronautics and Astronautics. Yaffee received a plaque in récognition of his contribution to aviation and research technology.AQ William Jensen, PhB'49, SM'50,^ y PhD'53, has been elected to the executive committee of The American Instituteof Biological Science. Jensen is professor ofbotany at the University of California atBerkeley.Malcolm S. Knowles, AM'49, PhD'60,has been named honor lecturer for the fortiethannual meeting of the American MédicalWriters Association. Knowles is professoremeritus of adult and communiry collègeéducation at North Carolina State Universityin Raleigh.Charles N. Maxwell III, SB'49, SM'51, has been named the 1980 récipient of theSouthern Illinois University at Carbondale(SIUC) Alumni Great Teacher Award. Maxwell, who taught previously at the Universities of Alabama and Michigan, joined theSIUC faculty in 1963.Rev. Herbert J. Murray, Jr. DB'49, hasbeen appointed associate executive ministerfor the American Baptist Churches of NewYork State. Murray has been pastor ofStamford Baptist Church, Stamford, CT, forseven years.Robert A. Plane, AM'49, PhD'51, président of Clarkson Collège, Potsdam, NY, hasbeen elected to the board of directors of UTCGroup, a télécommunications companyheadquartered in Latham, NY.Morris Springer, AM'49, PhD'61, isworking on the libretto for the Florentine Opéra Company of Milwaukee's production ofHawthorne's The Scarlet Letter. Springer issenior teacher in the Department of English asa Foreign Language at Ben-Gurion Universityof the Negev at Beersheva, Israël.George R. Tilton, SM'49, PhD'51, hasbeen selected as faculty research lecturer for1981 at the University of California, SantaBarbara (UCSB). Tilton, a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a geochemistat UCSB, is regarded as a leader in leadisotope geochemistry and geochronology,fields he helped to pioneer and revolutionize.Sara Turner, AM'49, has been awarded aFulbright lecturing and research grant atTunghai University in Taiwan. Tumer, professor of sociology at Humboldt State University in Arcata, CA, will be teaching classesin social work and aging, and a graduatecourse in human development.R{~) Robert W. Chrisry, SM'50, PhD'53,*-' vy has been named Appleton Professorof Natural Philosophy in the Faculty of Artsand Sciences at Dartmouth Collège in Han-over, NH. Christy has been a professor ofphysics at Dartmouth since 1962.J. Robert Ferguson, MBA'50, has retiredas senior vice-président and assistant to theprésident of U.S. Steel, in Chicago, after com-pleting a career of forty years with the firm.Wolf Kahn, PhB'50, has a one-man showof his paintings at the Arts Club of Chicago inMay.The Wall Street Transcript has named R. P.Reuss, MBA'50, their outstanding chief executive officer in the télécommunications in-dustry. Reuss is chief executive officer atCentral Téléphone & Utilities Corp. in Chicago.U'1 Aaron J. Gellman, MBA'51, presi-^-/ J- dent of Gellman Research Associates, has been elected to the board of directorsof Commercial Crédit Company in Baltimore,MD.Joseph M. Kitagawa, PhD'51, professorin the Divinity School and the Department ofFar Eastern Languages and Civilizations atthe University, was Visiting Professor ofHistory of Religions at Pacific School of Religion in Oakland, CA this winter.Daniel Robbins, AB'51, former assistantcurator of the Guggenheim Muséum in NewYork City, has been named to the May I. C. Baker Arts Professorship at Union Collège,Schenectady, NY.Richard C. Woellner, AB'51, SB'53,MD'55, a pulmonary disease specialist wholives in Hopkins, MN, has been named président of the Methodist Hospital médical staff.C O Donna F. Fuderer Spiegler, AB'52,<J £m has been appointed deputy associatedirector for research services in the Office ofResearchServices, a department of the U.S.Department of Health and Human Services.Marigolden Guest Tritschler, AM'52,has been named head of the Bancroft Schoolin Worchester, MA.CQ Richard B. Allen, JD'53, has been\-s'<~s promoted to gênerai counsel in thelaw department of Chessie Systems Railroadsin Cleveland, OH.The Law School of the University ofBridgeport, Bridgeport, CT, has namedMarvin A. Chirelstein, JD'53, adjunct professor of law. Chirelstein is professor of law atYale Law School.John Thompson, MD'53, has beennamed chairman of the Department ofMedicine at the University of Kentucky, inLexington.R/| Jay K. Buck, MBA '54, has been\-s^I- named deputy department head forthe personal banking department at theNorthern Trust Co. in Chicago.William L. Colnon, MBA '54, has beennamed chief executive officer of Great LakesInternational, Inc., Oak Brook, IL, a dredgingand marine construction company. Colnon isalso président of the firm.Robert H. Hawkinson, X'54, présidentand chief executive officer of the Belden Corp.in Geneva, IL, has been elected chairman ofthe Illinois Manufacturera Association 1981board of directors. The Association is madeup of 5,600 industrial firms of ail sizesthroughout Illinois.Justin M. Johnson, AB'54, JD'62, hasbeen appointed a judge of the PennsylvaniaSuperior Court. Johnson was a member of thePennsylvania Crime Commission and thestate's Board of Law Examiners.R R Lloyd A. Currie, PhD'55, has been<J^J honored by the Commerce Depart-ment's National Bureau of Standards. Curriereceived the Silver Medal, the second highesthonor conferred upon employées of the department. He was cited for his work improv-ing radiocarbon measurements for environ-mental analysis.Robert W. Sellen, AM'55, PhD'58, professor of history at Georgia State University,Atlanta, delivered two lectures on "Originsand Evolution of the Cold War" at the University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru.**\r\ Edgar C. Bristow, MD'56, gave anv-' " exhibit of nature photography at theGalloway Township Library in Cologne, NJ.Bristow practices medicine in Absecon, NJ.Maurice S. Mandel, AB'56, AB'57, hasbeen designated a Certified Employée BenefitSpecialist by the International Foundation of41Employée Benefit Plans and the WhartonSchool of the University of Pennsylvania.Eugène J. Webb, PhD'56, has been appointed associate dean for académie affaire atStanford University's School of Business.Webb holds the Lane Family Professorship ofOrganizafional Behavior at the school.C7 Hal McWhinnie, MFA'57, exhibited~*-s ' several of his ceramic sculptures andlithographie works at a show for the Academyof Arts in Denton, MD. McWhinnie is a faculty member at the University of Maryland.Dallin H. Oaks, JD'57, has been appointed to the Utah Suprême Court by Gov-ernor Scott Matheson. Dallin is former président of Brigham Young University in SaitLake City.Rabbi Seymour Siegel, AB'57, wasScholar-in-Residence at Temple Beth Am inRandolph, MA, in January . Siegel is currentlyRalph Simon Professor of Ethics and Theology at the Jewish Theological Seminary ofAmerica in New York City.The Northern Trust Corp. in Chicago hasappointed Philip W. K. Sweet, MBA'57,chairman and executive officer. Sweet is amember of the Visiting Council of theGraduate School of Business at the University.CO Caesar M. Briefer, MD'58, has been^-JU named director of the University ofMichigan's Health Service in Ann Arbor.Eugène P. Heytow, JD'58, has receivedthe 1980 State of Israël Bonds Man-of-the-Year Award. A former campaign chairman ofthe Israël Bond Drive, Heytow is chairman ofthe board of the Amalgamated Trust & Sav-ings Bank of Chicago, and is on the develop-ment council of the Law School at the University.Thomas E. McGough, MBA'58, has beenelected chairman of the board of directors atRavenswood Hospital in Chicago. McGoughis vice-président of Peoples Energy Corp.,Chicago.William Raymond Rogers, DB'58, PhD'65, has been named président of GuilfordCollège in Greensboro, NC.Nationwide Life Insurance Co. in Co-lumbus, OH, has promoted Tim E. Ryan,MBA'58, to Systems and accounting officer.LaVoneia C. Steele, AM'58, has been appointed acting superintendent of the Lyn-wood, CA Unified School District.Robert H. Wellington, MBA'58, hasbeen elected chief executive officer of AmstedIndustries, Inc. in Chicago. Wellington alsodirects the American Railroad Foundationand the Muséum of Science and Industry inChicago.CQ Ronald O. Decker, JD'59, has been\J -S named director of corporate real es-tate for Air Products and Chemical, Inc., ofAUentown, PA.ûJT\ The American Hospital AssociationUU board of directors has named DavidF. Drake, MBA'60, PhD'63, corporate secretary for the association. Nancy Plattner Johnson, AB'60, is Visiting Professor of Mathematics at Stetson University in DeLand, FL. She is the author ofbooks and articles on mathematics, and hasrecently begun writing novels.Reatha King, SM'60, PhD'63, has beenelected to the board of the Minnesota Orchestral Association for a three-year term.King is currently président of MetropolitanState University, St. Paul, MN.Alvin Platt, AM'60, is completing histwenty-fifth year of association with theNorth Shore Congrégation of Israël inGlencoe, IL. Platt began at the Congrégationas a teacher in 1956, and now serves as itsexecutive director.ZL | Robert Maloy, AM'61, a specialist inU -L western médiéval manuscripts andhead of the Smithsonian Institution Libraries,has been named to the Rhode Island School ofDesign board of trustées.Norman J. Treisman, MBA'61, has beenelected deputy treasurer of Philip Morris, Inc.(¦^J Harbans Lai, PhD'62, has been ap-\j£— pointed professor and chairman inthe Department of Pharmacology at NorthTexas State University Collège of OstéopathieMedicine in Denton. Lai will continue to holdpositions at the University of Rhode Island,Kingston, where he has served since 1967.Michael Roskin, AB'62, AM'65, has beennamed director of the social services department of the Hadassah-Hebrew UniversityMédical Center in Jérusalem. Before hemoved to Israël three years ago Roskin di-rected a community health center in Tacoma-Seattle, WA.Diana T. Slaughter, AB'62, AM'64,PhD'68, has been elected to the governingcouncil of the Society for Research in ChildDevelopment. Slaughter is the first blackelected to the three-thousand-member or-ganization in its forty-eight-year history.Laval S. Wilson, AM'62, has been appointed superintendent of schools for theRochester, NY district. Wilson was formerlysuperintendent of the Berkeley, CA UnifiedSchool District.David A. Zisman, MBA'62, has joinedthe Portland, OR office of Arthur Young &Co. as office director of tax practice. Zisman isa partner in the firm.CSX Gerald D. Blackwell, MBA'63, hasv/v-' been promoted to vice-président inthe trust division of Security Pacific NationalBank in Los Angeles, CA. Blackwell is amember of the program committee of the University's Alumni Association.Col. Daniel B. Geran, MBA'63, has beenpromoted to Air Force brigadier gênerai. Geran is deputy chief of staff for the comptrollerat Ramstein Air Force Base, West Germany.Robert Hinshaw, AM'63, PhD'66, hasbeen named académie dean at Bethel Collègein North Newton, KS. Hinshaw was formerlychairman of the Department of Anthropologyat Beloit Collège in Beloit, WI.Howard I. Kain, AB'63, MBA'70, hasbeen appointed vice-président of FirstBank in Evanston, IL.Leedom Kettell, MBA'63, has beennamed président and chief operating officerof Gaylord Brothers, Inc., a library suppliesand equipment firm in Liverpool, NY.Wallace T. Kido, AB'63, has been namedthe new postmaster and sectional center manager at the Houston Management SectionalCenter of the United States Post Office.John E. Koretz, MBA'63, has been promoted to director of field opérations, Computer Audit Assistance Group for the midwestrégion of Coopers & Lybrand, an international accounting firm.Joseph Zbigniew Nitecki, AM'63, hasbeen named director of libraries at the StateUniversity of New York at Albany.Bêla Petheo, MFA'63, has opened an exhibition of his lithographie works at AliceLloyd Collège in Pippa Passes, KY.Susan Fuchs Shapiro, AB'63, has received her SM degree from Pepperdine University in Malibu, CA. She is currently substi-tute teaching for the ABC Unified andBellflower school districts in California.John C. Wellemeyer, MBA'63, has beennamed managing director at the investmentbanking and securities firm of MorganStanley, Inc. in Chicago.f*A Earl Choldin, AB'64, AM'71, has\J A. been appointed director of éducation for the Dene Tha Tribal Administration inAssumption, Alberta, Canada. Heisdevelop-ing a community-controlled educationalSystem for the Indian tribe.Barry H. Rumack, AB'64, director of theRocky Mountain Poison Center and associateprofessor of pediatrics at the University ofColorado Health Sciences Center (UCHSC),has been elected président of the AmericanAssociation of Poison Control Centers for1982-84. His wife, Carol, X'64, has beennamed director of pédiatrie radiology atUCHSC.John Spencer, AM'64, PhD'66, has received the 1980 Florence J. Lucasse Fellow-ship at Kalamazoo Collège, Kalamazoo, MI.Spencer received the award in récognition ofhis outstanding classroom teaching. The fel-lowship, which carries a $1,000 stipend, is thehighest faculty honor at the collège.fj~\ Ramon G. Clark, MBA'65, has been\J^s promoted to assistant superintendent of Plant Two Mills at Inland Steel Co.'sIndiana Harbor Works in East Chicago, IN.Janice C. Griffith, JD'65, has been appointed a spécial consultant to the Commission on Local Government in Connecticut.Griffith is professor of government and realestate law at the University of Bridgeport LawSchool in Bridgeport, CT.B. Robert Kreiser, AM'65, PhD'71, hasbeen awarded a National Endowment for theHumanities fellowship for independentstudy and research for the 1981-82 académieyear. Kreiser is associate professor of historyat the University of Rochester in Rochester,NY.Roger P. Peters, AB'65, has been promoted to associate professor of psychology atFort Lewis Collège, Durango, CO. After earn-42 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/Spring 1981ing Woodrow Wilson and Danforth fellow-ships, Peters began teaching at Fort Lewis in1975.Thomas E. Reynolds, Jr., MBA'65, hasjoined the Ryan Insurance Group in Chicagoas vice-président of employée bênefits, Self-Insurers Service, Inc.David M. Smith, JD'65, has been nameddaims counsel for the law department ofWausau Insurance Companies in Wausau,WI./2/I Michael Bihari, MD'66, has beenDD appointed director of the ambula-tory care network of the Bronx-LebanonHospital Center in New York City.Mimi Still Dixon, AM'66, PhD'79, hasbeen named assistant professor of English atWittenberg University, Springfield, OH. Dixon has taught at the University of Illinois,Chicago Circle, and the University of California, Santa Barbara.Dennis Flynn, MB A'66, has been electedto the board of the Naperville National Bankand Trust Co. of Illinois. Flynn is vice-président of DuPage Précision Products Co.in Naperville.Stephan R. Fox, MBA'66, has joined theDenver, CO firm of Stone & Webster Management Consultants, Inc. as executive consultant specializing in data Systems.Paul Green, AM'66, PhD'75, has beenappointed chairman of the public administra-tion division at Govemors State University inPark Forest South, IL. Green will also directthe university's Institute for Public Policy andAdministration.Drawings and paintings by KatherineKadish, AM'66, were featured at the ArtWorks Gallery in Albany, NY. Kadish teachesat State University of New York, Bingham-ton, and at the Broome County CommunityCenter.David C. Klein, MBA'66, has been appointed comptroller at Barnard Collège, Col-umbia University. Klein cornes to Bamardfrom Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co., where hewas a manager since 1973.Rev. John Wiley Nelson, AM'66, PhD'71, has been installed as pastor of First Pres-byterian Church in Trenton, NJ. Nelson, anoted lecturer and author, was formerly as-sodate professor at the Pittsburgh Theologi-cal Seminary, Pittsburgh, PA.Lee H. Rickard, MBA'66, has joinedTwin City Fédéral of Minnesota as vice-président and director of consumer lending.Léonard C. Schwartz, AB'66, has beennamed to the faculty of the School of Economies and Management at Oakland University inRochester, MI.Paul J. Sulek, AB'66, has been electedvice-président and actuary of Investors LifeInsurance Co. of North America in Philadelphia, PA.Catherin Zuckert, AM'66, PhD'70, hasbeen granted tenure at Carleton Collège inNorthfield, MN. Zuckert is assistant professor of political science./2^7 Deanna Dragunas Bennett, AB'67,O/ has been named the United StatesAir Force Data Automation Civilian of the Answers.TOSS-UP QUESTIONSl.Fencing. 2. Picturesat an Exhibition.3. James Madison. 4. Histology. 5.New Orléans. 6. 5 (1865-1815 dividedby 10 = 5). 7. Good neighbors. 8. Thefirst Crusade. 9. Oil painting.BONUS QUESTIONS1. Edward (I, II, III from 1272-1377)and George (I, II, III, IV from 1714-1830). 2. a. Illinois, b. Alabama. c.New Hampshire. d. New Jersey. 3. a.wolf. b. dog. c. raven. 4. GrahamGreene. 5. six. 6. a. évolution, b. JohnT. Scopes. c. Clarence Darrow. d.William JenningsBry an. 7. a. Adagio, b. Accelerando. c. Allegro, d.Andante. 8. Treason, bribery, andother high crimes and misdeamean-ors. 9. The Pickwick Club. 10. a.anode or plate, b. cathode, c. diode.QUESTION BOOKS:Thomas Epstein, The PrincetonTrivia/Quiz Book (Pinnacle, 1977).Art Fleming. Art Fleming's TV GameShow Fact Book (Osmond Press, 1979).Norman G. Hickman. The Quintessen-tial Quiz Book (St. Martin's Press, 1979).Carol Nasr. The Collège Bowl QuizBook (Doubleday, 1971); out of print,but a toumament favorite withquestions from the original show.Tom T. Wills. The Giant Quiz Book(Hart, 1979).Year for 1980. She is a computer specialist atGunter Air Force base in Alabama.Roger L. Brume, MBA'67, has been e-lected vice-président of stratégie planning atRJ International in Wilmington, DE.John J. Calton, JD'67, has been electedexecutive vice-président of Peoples Bank-shares, Ltd., an affiliate of Peoples Bank andTrust Co. of Des Moines, LARoger K. Chisholm, PhD'67, has beennamed chairman of the Department of Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate at theMemphis State University Fogelman Collègeof Business and Economies in Memphis, TN.Chisholm has been at Memphis State since1971. Harris Trust & Savings Bank in Chicagohas appointed David S. Finch, MBA'67, headof its trust department. Finch is a senior vice-président in the firm.David F. Kohi, MTh'67, DMn'68, AM'73,has been appointed assistant professor oflibrary administration at the University of Illinois at Urbana. Kohi was director of admissions and records at the University from 1969-72, and headed the circulation department atWashington State University's Holland Library from 1977-80.Paul F. Meszaros, X'67, and Ruth Cad-wallader Meszaros, AB'69, are living in La-dysmith, WI with their daughters Elaine,four, and Julia, one. Paul teaches history andéconomies at Mount Senario Collège in La-dysmith. The Meszaroses would like to correspond with their old UC friends, readers,and Brass Ensemble comrades.Maurine Stein, AB'67, AM'74, PhD'78,has been granted tenure at Prairie State Collège in Lansing, IL. Stein is a member of theDepartment of English, and serves as an in-structor in humanities and philosophy.Photographs taken by Howard Zehr,AM'67, were shown at Hesston College's Little Gallery, Hesston, KS. Zehr is director ofthe Office of Criminal Justice for the Menno-nite Central Committee, and a former teacherat Talladega Collège in Talladega, AL.f^Q. Jane M. Aufmuth, AM'68, hasvy(-J joined the family and children's unitof the Dakota County Mental Health Centerin Hastings, MN.Susan Bray, MST'68, has been appointedan instructor of English as a second languageat Smith School in New Britain, CT.Nancy A. Hobor, AB'68, PhD'73, hasbeen named manager of public informationfor the American Hospital Supply Corp. inEvans ton, IL.Nancy McHone, BFA'68, was one of several artists chosen to decorate public buildings in Ukiah, CA with murais. McHone, whohad never painted murais before, won anaward from the National Association ofCounties for her work on the project.C. David Rose, MBA'68, became the newhead of the Department of ManufacturingTechnologies and Supervision at Purdue University, Calumet (PUC). A PUC facultymember for fifteen years, Rose is associateprofessor of industrial engineering technolo-gy-William Scott, MBA'68, PhD'73, hasbeen appointed the first Clarkson GordonProfessor of Accounting at Queen's University School of Business in Toronto, ON.Rand McNally & Company has appointed John C. Wasson, MBA'68, vice-président and gênerai manager of the Chicago firm's book manufacturing group.ZlQ Linda M. Clark, MBA'69, has been\J -S appointed to the Private IndustryCouncil (PIC) of Suburban Cook County inIllinois.Galen Cranz, AM'69, PhD'71, is one ofeight jurors selected for Progressive Architecture Magazine's awards program. Cranz is as-43sistant professor of sociology in architectureat the University of California in Berkeley.Dov Dublin, AB'69, is a research associate at the Institution for Social and PolicyStudies at Yale University. During the Démocratie presidential primary, Dublin wrote several position papers for Senator EdwardKennedy.Gary R. Guth, MBA'69, has been namedmanufacturing manager at the Evanstonbranch of the Rustoleum Corp. in Illinois.Ryan A. LaHurd, AM'69, has beennamed lay représentative to the board of directors at Gettysburg Seminary in Pennsylvania. LaHurd is associate professor of English and chairman of English, speech, andthéâtre arts at Thiel Collège, Greenville, PA.Ruth Cadwallader Meszaros, AB'69. See1967, Paul F. Meszaros.Vincent R. Auty, MBA'70, présidentof J. H. Filbert, Inc. of Baltimore, hasbeen named a member of the board of directors of the National Association of Margarine Manufacturera . He will serve a two-yearterm.Kenneth A. Beck, MBA'70, has been appointed vice-président for design at MayStores Shopping Centers, Inc., St. Louis,MO. .Allen B. Fox, PhD'70, has been promoted to régional marking specialist forUarco, Inc. in Chicago.The Cino Co. of Cincinnati, OH, hasnamed Larry Henthom, MBA'70, account executive for their Midwest division. Henthomwill be headquartered in Chicago.Norman W. Katz, AB'70, PhD'75, hasbeen appointed co-director of the ProseminarInstitute in San Francisco, CA. The Institute isthe largest producer of continuing éducationworkshops for the health and psychotherapyprofessions in the United States. Katz is currently assistant professor of psychology at theUniversity of New Mexico in Albuquerque.Clifford F. Lynch, MBA'70, has receivedthe John Drury Sheen Sheahan Award for hissignificant contributions to the distributionprofession. Lynch is vice-président of distribution for the Quaker Oats Co. in DesPlaines, IL.Eileen Meagher, AM'70, has beennamed associate professor of English at theUniversity of Tennessee, Chatanooga.Meagher previously taught at North AdamsState Collège, North Adams, MS.Burt J. Miller, MBA'70, has been electedvice-président in charge of commercial loansat Northbrook Trust & Savings Bank in DesMoines, IA.John F. Mussman, MBA'70, has been appointed gênerai manager of sales-central forU.S. Steel Corp. in Chicago.Carol Richards, PhD'70, has been promoted to professor in the Department ofForeign Languages at Muhlenberg Collège inBethlehem, PA.Ralph M. Segall, MBA'70, has been ad-mitted to partnership in the investmentcounsel of Stein Roe & Farnham in Chicago.Philip E. Sicks, AM'70, has been promoted to locomotive engineer for the Chicago& Northwestern Railroad, in Chicago. Kenneth M. Begelman, MD'71, hasjoined the Guthrie Clinic Ltd. inSyre, NY. He is an associate in cardiacsurgery.Mary A. Ladson Green, AM'71, has beenpromoted to assistant professor of the gêneraimédical faculty and staff at the University ofVirginia in Charlottesville.James S. Hamish, MBA'71, has beenelected vice-président of stratégie planningand development of Ryder System, Inc. ofMiami, FL.M. Victor Janulaitis, MBA'71, has beenpromoted to vice-président at Index SystemsInc. Janulaitis will direct the company's newWest Coast office in Los Angeles, CA.Robert C. Nakasone, MBA'71, of And-over, MA, has been named président ofBrigham's, a chain of ice-cream and sandwichshops in Massachusetts.June Patton, MST'71, PhD'80, the firstblack woman to earn a PhD degree in historyof éducation at the University, has been giventhe Outstanding Achievement Award of theMcKeesport, PA branch of the National Association for the Advancement of ColoredPeople (NAACP). Patton is professor ofhistory in the Collège of Arts and Sciences atGovernors State University in Park ForestSouth, IL.Merrill Lynch & Company has namedDonald C. Roth, MBA'71, managing directorof investment banking, Merrill Lynch International.C. Richard Shoemate, MBA'71, has beenappointed président of the Canada Starch Co.Inc. in Montréal, Québec.Charles D. Truckenbrodt, MBA'71, hasbeen named vicè-president of managementinformation services at Acme Boot Co. inClarksville, TN.The Leaseway Transportation Corp. ofCleveland, OH has named Alex M. Warren,Jr., MBA'71, vice-président of human resources.Charles E. Welander, MD'71, has beenappointed assistant professor at the BowmanGray School of Medicine in Winston-Salem,NC. Welander previously held fellowships atthe Mémorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Clinicin New York City.Lewis A. Burnham, MBA'72, hasbeen promoted to vice-présidentand gênerai manager, glass container division, at the Anchor Hocking Corp. in Northbrook, IL.William Carney, AB'72, a ténor in theFestival of Song Quartet, sang in a concert atthe Darien CT Community Concert Associa-tion's season première.The Uniformed Services University ofthe Health Sciences in Bethesda, MD, hasnamed Alan I. Faden, AM'72, vice-chairmanand director of research in the Department ofNeurology.Josh Fogel, AB'72, is a member of Co-lumbia University's Society of Fellows in theHumanities, with teaching responsibilities inthe gênerai éducation program for both Western and East Asian survey courses. Fogel hasdone research in Kyoto, Japan on Fulbrightand Japanese Ministry of Education grants. The state of Maine's Department of Human Services has named William R. Inlow,AM'72, to its Social and RehabilitativeServices Advisory Board.Erika Nolan, AM'72, PhD'78, has beenappointed to the faculty of the Collège ofWooster in Wooster, OH. Nolan, assistantprofessor of German, has taught previouslyat Indiana University's Bloomington andGary campuses.Jeffrey D. Palmer, MBA'72, has beennamed sales manager in the Chicago office ofthe National Black Network (NBN). NBN isthe first black-owned and operated radionetwork in the nation.Lissa J. Paris, AB'72, has joined the Hartford, CT law firm of Murtha, Cullina, Richter,& Pinney. Paris formerly practiced law inNew York City.Joan Reisman, AB'72, has joined Bur-ston-Marsteller in New York City as accountexecutive. Reisman also finished her MBA atNew York University.Robert S. Seeler, MBA'72, has been appointed vice-président of stratégie businessesfor Allied Van Lines, Broadview, IL. Heisalsoassistant treasurer for the firm.Patricia Turner-Smith, AM'72, is thenewly-appointed director of the Girls Clubsof America National Resource Center in In-dianapolis, IN. The Center formulâtes programs that teach girls and young women to bedecision-makers.7^ John Jay Borland, Jr., MBA'73, has/ \-s been appointed senior vice-président at Fiduciary Management Associates inChicago.Dennis S. Kite, MBA'73, has been e-lected vice président, investment bankinggroup, at Bank of America National Trust andSavings Assn. Kite will continue to managethe firm's régional office in Houston, TX.Victoria Kogan, AM'73, has joined thefaculty at Laguna Beach School of Art inCalifornia as an instructor of the history ofmodem art. Kogan is also a lecturer andcurator of the Newport Harbor Art Muséumand La Jolla Muséum of Contemporary Art.Gloria Gibbs Marullo, AM'73, has beennamed managing director of the Better Business Bureau's South Bend, IN office.The National Endowment for the Humanities has awarded a fellowship to Cari H.Moneyhon, PhD'73, of the University of Ar-kansas at Little Rock for a study of the impactof the Civil War and its aftermath on theéconomie classes in Arkansas.Laura B. Reale, MBA'73, has been appointed assistant director, stratégie planningand analysis, in the actuaries department ofAetna Insurance Co. in West Hartford, CT.L. Peter Schultz, AM'73, has been appointed assistant professor of politics at theAllentown Collège of St. Francis de Sales inPennsylvania. He taught formerly at St. LéoCollège, St. Léo, FL, and Northern IllinoisUniversity, De Kalb, IL.The American Institute of Indian Sti lieshas awarded Deborah A. Bloom Sr fer,AM'73, PhD'78, a postdoctoral grant to studyand travel in India. Soifer, a specialist inAsian religion, is assistant professor of religion at Colby Collège in Waterville, ME.44 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/Spring 1981Charles L. Wallace, MBA'73, has beennamed treasurer of the Pabst Brewing Company in Milwaukee, WI.H^A Richard R. Aevermann, MBA'74,' ^t has been appointed to the office ofthe président as director, corporate liaison,for Bankers Life and Casualty Co. in Chicago.Thomas Basinger, MBA'74, has joinedthe Industrial Economies Division of the University of Denver Research Institute as a research economist.Ned Strain, MBA'74, has been desig-nated a Certified Employée Benefit Specialistby the International Foundation of EmployéeBenefit Plans and the Wharton School of theUniversity of Pennsylvania. Strain is an account executive at Corroon & Black of Illinois,Inc. in Chicago.7C Glen L. Allie, MBA'75, has been/ ^-J promoted to assistant vice-présidentof Mercantile Bancocorporation Inc., in St.Louis, MO.William R. Barrett, Jr., MBA'75, hasjoined National Bank of North America inNew York City as vice-président, nationaldivision-Middle Atlantic région.Jerry L. Birch, MBA'75, has been selectedas director for the Cleveland Area Development Corporation's Minority Business Development Program.David J. Rudis, AB'75, MBA'76, hasbeen elected a second vice-président ofAmerican National Bank and Trust Co. ofChicago.Mark Stein, MBA'75, has been appointed manager of consumer opérations forTRW Inductive Products Division in Wheel-ing, IL.James C. Tucker, MBA'75, has beenpromoted to vice-président, commercialbanking division, of American National Bankand Trust Co. of Chicago./ C\ Julia Ardery, AM'76, served as poet-/ vV in-residence for six weeks at theGoodridge Elementary School in Boone Co.,KY. Ardery, a former poetry instructor at theUniversity of Louisville, is a member of theArtists in Schools program.Lee Burgess, AM'76, has joined theNashville, IL law firm of Green, Cross &Percy as an associate. Burgess received his JDdegree from DePaul University Collège ofLaw in Chicago in June and was admitted tothe Illinois bar in October.The Fairfield, CT law firm of Kleban,Samor, Perles, Dardani, & Silvestro has add-ed Ira Conrad, JD'76, as an associate. Conradis a member of the American Bar Association,and a former instructor of business law at theUniversity of Delaware, Newark.Thomas J. Fitzgerald, MBA'76, has beenappointed vice-président for Santa Fe Industries, Inc., of Chicago.James F. Freundt, MBA'76, has joinedConsolidated Foods Corp. in Chicago assenior finandal analyst.Lucinda L. Hershenhorn, AM'76,hasbeen named chairman of the Managementand Business Department at Barat Collège inLake Forest, IL. Hershenhorn will also hold an appoinhnent in the Department of Economies as an assistant professor.Michael T. Hon, MBA'76, has been appointed vice-président of Crocker Bank inSan Francisco, CA. Hon is also a member ofthe Solarcal Council, a citizen's advisorygroup to Governor Jerry Brown on the promotion of solar energy.Anthony R. Kampf, PhD'76, has beenpromoted to curator of mineralogy at theNatural History Muséum of Los AngelesCounty.Joanne H. Holt Keamey, MBA'76, hasbeen promoted to product director, OTC Der-matological Products, for the consumer products division of Ortho Pharmaceutical Corp.inRaritan, NJ.Anne E. Patrick, AM'76, has joined thefaculty of Carleton Collège in Northfield,MN, as an instructor in religion. She is currently completing work for her doctorate atthe University.Eric Schiller, AB'76, has been awardedthe title of international arbiter by the Fédération Internationale des Echecs. Schiller ismusic director of the Long Island Sound Ensemble in New York, and is on the staff of thePierre Monteux Mémorial Domaine Schoolfor Advanced Conducting and OrchestralTraining in Hancock, ME. He is a nationalmaster and member of the Association Internationale de la Presse Echiqueenne.John M. Sergey, MBA'76, has beennamed vice-président and gênerai manager,rolled materials division, of Fasson, an AveryInternational company. Sergey is headquar-tered in Painesville, OH.Two doctoral candidates at the University, Lynn Videka, AM'76, and BarrySherman, AM'79, were married in August.James D. Winship, MBA'76, has beenadmitted to partnership in Stein Roe &Farnham, investment counsel of Chicago.rTrV Pamela Bryan-Davis, AM 77, has/ / been promoted to social work manager with the Division of Youth and FamilyServices in Jersey City, NJ.Donald P. Flinn, AM'77, has been in-ducted into the Academy of Certified SocialWorkers. Finn is executive director of theCatholic Charities Service Bureau in Kent,OH.John Hiler, MBA'77, of Laporte, IN, haswon élection to the House of Représentatives.Hiler, a Republican, will represent Indiana'sthird district.Taito America Corp. has named David L.Poole, MBA'77, to head its engineering staff.Taito markets coin-operated games and machines, and is headquartered in New Orléans.7Q James T. Berger, MBA'78, has been* C-' named vice-président at Wilk &Brichta, Inc., a Chicago advertising agency.Michael C. Burger, AB'78, has been com-missioned ensign in the Naval Reserve.Burger recently completed ground schooltraining at the Naval Aviation School inPensacola, FL.David Carr, MBA'78, has been selectedfor a position on the Kansas University fundadvisory board. Carr is vice-président of First National Bank in Wellington, KA.Denise R. Fink, AM'78, has been nameddirector of planning and government relations at Vassar Brothers Hospital in Pough-keepsie, NY.Jim Fraher, AM'78, has joined Inter-State Milk Producers' Coopérative as an assistant economist. Inter-State markets dairyproducts for farmers in Pennsylvania and onthe East coast.Julie Sackett, MBA'78, has been appointed vice-président and corporate directorof compensation for Motorola, Inc. in Scha-umburg, IL.70 Susan E. Defina, AM'79, has formed' -s her own company MGT International, Inc., in Chicago. The firm specializesin the import and export of pollution controlequipment. •Ellen Forman, AB'79, is volunteer co-ordinator at the Hospice of Washtenaw inAnn Arbor, MI.Cari Lavin, AB'79, formerly with the LosAngeles Herald Examiner, is média specialist forthe Office of News and Information at theUniversity.Ruth Lee, AM'79, has been named assistant administrator of planning and de-velopment at Moline Public Hospital inMoline, IL.Irwin List, MBA'79, has been electedvice-président and director of purchasing atRand McNally & Co. in New York.Nancy E. Reesman, AM'79, See 1981,Seth Lerer.Barry Sherman, AM'79. See 1976, LynnVideka.QC\ Armida Alexander, AM'80, hasCv/ been appointed full-time minister atUnitarian Universalists Church in Boise, ID.Alexander is a récipient of the Billings Awardfor excellence in preaching.Debra Bricker-Balkan, AM'80, has beennamed curator at the Berkshire Muséum inPittsfield, MA. Bricker-Balkan spent the sum-mer of 1979 as a graduate intern in themédiéval department of the MetropolitanMuséum of Art in New York City.The Trudeau Institute in Saranac Lake,NY, has appointed Charles Mills, PhD'80,research associate. Mills will study cellularmechanisms responsible for tumor rejection.Lorraine M. Reepmeyer, MBA'80, hasbeen named a second vice-président at theNorthern Trust Co. of Chicago.Richard Sevems, MBA'80, has beenpromoted to vice-président of finance and director of finandal reporting for Motorola Inc.in Schaumburg, IL.Barbara Rook Snyder, JD'80 will spend ayear as law clerk for Judge Luther Swygert, ofthe United States Court of Appeals for theSeventh Circuit, Chicago, IL. while attendingthe University, Snyder was executive directorof the Law Review for 1979-80.Q "j! Seth Lerer, PhD'81, assistant profes->— ' J- sor of English at Princeton University, and Nancy E. Reesman, AM'79 weremarried in April at Bond Chapel on the University campus.45DEATHSFACULTY AND STAFFJ. Harlen Bretz, PhD'13, professor emeritusin the Department of Geophysical Sdences,who taught at the University from 1915-47.He was best known for his highly controver-sial theory that the rugged "scablands" ofeastem Washington state were carved by anenormous ice-age flood. In 1974, fifty yearsafter he proposed his theory, photographstaken by an earth-orbiting satellite provedhim corrert. For that work he won the 1979Penrose Medal of the Geological Sodety ofAmerica, considered the nation's highestgeological award; February.Ruth O'Brien McCarn, X'36, assistant deanof students from 1950-61. She also served asassistant professor of éducation, and directorof the Vocational Guidance and Placementoffice; March.Arnold W. Ravin, Addie Clark HardingProfessor in the Departments of Biology andMicrobiology and the Collège, and director ofthe Morris Fishbein Center for the Study ofthe History of Sdence and Medicine. An in-temationally known genetidst, Ravin studiedmutations in bacterial gènes, the effects ofviruses on gènes, and bacterial transformation. He came to the University in 1968, afterserving as dean of the Collège of Arts andSdences at the University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. While at the University ofChicago, he was chairman of the Departmentof Biology, master of the Biological SdencesCollegiate Division, and assodate dean of students in the Biological Sdences Division. Healso chaired the committee that founded theASHUM program (Arts and Sdences Basic toHuman Biology and Medicine), and served asits coordinator; February.THE CLASSES1900-1909Frederick W. Luehring, PhM'70, February.Walter A. Weaver, PhB'09, January.1910-1919Grâce Hauk Gilman, AB'10, November.Lyle Dickey Watkins, X'10.Harlan L. Trumbull, PhD'll, January.Edith Higley Ames, SB'12, November.C. Wright Houghland, PhB'12, December.Rev. Charles H. Law, AM'13, November.Edna Gréer Rinder, SB'13, November.Hannah C. Aase, PhD'14, November.Jay B. Allen, PhB'14, December.Bertha M. Parker, SB' 14, SM'22,November.Mary Amtman Berg, PhB'15, January.Philip J. Carlin, AB'15, December.Turner Cleveland Chandler, AM'15,December.Benjamin H. Hager, SB'15, MD'17,November.Ada Wallace Roberts, PhB'15, AM'28,October.Tracy R. Stains, PhB'15, JD'19, July.Charles L. Cohen, X'16, November.Charles L. Day, PhB'16, November. Helen Deuss Hill, SB'16, January.Homer L. Arnold, AM'17, December.May Bancroft Cole, PhB'17, January.Frands R. Glenner, SB'17.Anna B. Grey, SB'17, MD'20, October.John W. Grimes, PhB17, May 1980.Ralph M. Carnahan, X'18, September.Samuel Chutkow, PhB'18, JD'20,October.Myron N. Fisher, X'18, February.Emest A. Keller, PhB'18, November.Théodore A. Link, SB'18, PhD'27, June.Barbara Miller Simpson, AB'18, January.Sophia Augusta Becker Saucerman, SB'19,SM'23, November.1920-1929Sung Tao Kwan, SB'20, MD'23, November.George Leslie Otis, PhB'20, June.Eunice M. Prutsman, AM'20, April 1980.Elmer Ebert, X'21, December.Verda Bush Hill, AB'21, October.Alfred L. McCartney, PhB'21, December.Elizabeth S. McCauley, PhB'21, November.Mildred M. Minogue, SB'21, November.Sidney B. Cohen, PhB'22, February.Frands A. Kahler, PhB'22, June.Arthur Hobart Nethercot, PhD'22,January.Mabel Beedle Rademacher, PhB'22,November.Robert L. Stahr, X'22, October.Hazel Piper Jackson, Ph'B'23, June.Acel H. Nebeker, JD'23, October.Maurice A. Riskind, PhB'23, JD'24,February.Claude A. Roth, LLB'23, November.Margaret Kuhns Baxter, PhB'24, November.S. Forrest Bowers, LLB'24, September.John W. Chittum, SM'24, PhD'28, May.Jennie Gale Ramp Hewes, PhB'24, AM'37.Ronald B. Levinson, PhD'24, November.Joseph F. Smidl, PhB'24, AM'25, December.William J. Yonker, MD'24, November.Vespera Freeman Brower, SB'25, October.M. Irène Fagin, PhB'25, November.Mary Elizabeth Hamilton, AM'25,November.Fay Berger Karpf, PhD'25.Victor Levine, SB'25, MD'29, November.Allen Miller, SB'26, November.Ruth A. Price Doyle, PhB'27, AM'40,February.Gordon Farrell, PhB'27, December.Otto McCoy Merriman, PhB'27, March.Edith A. Stevens, PhB'27, October.Luther M. Ambrose, AM'28, February.Harold C. Huston, SB'28, MD'33,January.Mildred E. Jones, PhB'28, AM'55,November.Yale Levin, PhB'28.Arria Murto, SM'28, November.Albert T. Allen, PhB'29, March.Helen Huber Blair, PhB'29.Clifford M. Blunk, JD'29.Millard S. Everett, PhD'29, November.Walter T. Gilbert, PhB'29, May 1979.Nelson Moore, PhB'29.Marian L. Williamson, AM'29, August.Ortha L. Wilner, PhD'29, August.1930-1939Jeanette Holmes Crawford, PhB'30,November. Albert William Elliott, PhB'30, JD'32,January.Richard T. Hallock, AM'30, PhD'34,November.Eleanor Mae Johnson, PhB'30, October.Jefferson Ward Keener, AM'30, January.Arthur F. Marquette, PhB'30, August.Saul K. Padover, AM'30, PhD'32,February.Marie Christine Raun, PhB'30, AM'47,August.Alvin D. Reiwitch, PhB'30, January.Reuben Romalis, AM'30.Walter B. Welch, SM'30, PhD'37,December.Martin M. White, PhD'30, February.Harold W. Biggs, SB'31, October.Daniel B. Fisher, SB'31, October.Adolph H. Kohlhammer, LLB'31, June.Marvin G. Flannery, MD'32, September.Tony C. Hostettler, AM'32, December.Arthur K. Peterson, SB'32, November.Mary Anderson Robertson, X'32, December.E. Oriole Wisner, AM'32, January.Frank O. Wood, MD'32, November.Ernest A. Born, MD'33, December.Rolf van Kervet Eggers, MD'33, July 1979.Ruth Von Krumreig Hill, PhD'33,November.Archie H. Hubbard, SB'33, November.S. Harrison Kahn, JD'33, December.J. Paul Michael, PhB'33, AM'37,November.Henry L. Robinson, PhD'33, February.Sidney R. Zatz, PhB'33, JD'35, November.Richard E. Romang, AB'34, October.John D. Scheffer, PhD'34, August.Henry R. Solem, PhB'34, September.Geneva Feamon Lundberg, PhB'35, AM'38,January.Edward J. Malicki, SB'35, September.George W. Peck, AM'35, July.Fawn McKay Brodie, AM'36, January.Maurice H. Greenhill, MD'36, January.Sam Swadesh, SB'36, November.John W. Berry, X'37, October.John M. Clark, AM'37, JD'39, January.Bethana Bucklin Deighton, MD'37,December.Claudia Purnell, PhB'37, November.Harold Schwartz, SB'37, June.Kathryn Hubbard Switzer, X'37,September.Stanley W. Yudicky, MD'37.Eva Berman Engel, AB'38, September.Hugh E. Impey, AB'38, December.Waldo H. Kliever, PhD'39.Harry P. Lundell, X'39, December.1940-1949J. Robert Coffman, PhD'40, December.Mary F. Driver, AB'40, February.Phyllis Shapiro Epstein, AB'40, AM'65.Katherine A. Frédéric, PhD'40, November.America Wright Holbrook, AB'40, October.Monrad G. Paulsen, AB'40, JD'42,November.Joseph Bronstein, AB'41, September.Violet Adams Kistner, SB'41, August.Aileen McBrien Murphy, AM'41, December.Gordon L. Murray, MBA'41, November.Floyd A. Osterman, SB'41, September.Richard A. Fineberg, SB'42, MD'45,January.George A. Sacher, SB'43, January.46 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAG AZINE/Spring 1981F. Warren Tauber, SB'43, SM'45,February.Nellie Hull, X'44, March.Cecil R. Campbell, MBA'45, February.Grâce Harrison Ferguson, AM'45, March.Marian Gibson Fisher, X'46, December.Fannie Spotts Ivey, BLS'46, July.Harold Marks, MBA'46, April 1979.George T. T. Takeda, AB'46, November.Henry R. Lott, MBA'47, October.William H. McGlothlin, SB'47, December.Henry G. Reif snyder, AM'47, PhD'58,September.J. Bedford Shelmire, SB'47, MD'47,December.Lloyd Callow, MBA'48, September. Olga Demas Gabby, AM'48, November.Joël W. C. Harper, PhD'48, December.Avery M. Millard, MBA'48, November.Peter G. Winchell, AB'48, January.Ann Cates Bunch, AM'49, December.William T. Stiatton, Jr. SB'49,November.1950-1959William R. McWilliam, AB'50, December.Clair Davidson Bork, X'51, December.Florence Pearl Davis, PhD'51, January.John W. Baughman, AM'52.Wesley P. Gronewold, AM'52.Roger R. Hamilton, AB'52, October. Harold A. Idleman, MBA'52, December.Paul Gerber, SM'53, PhD'55, November.Robert L. Beatty, MBA'54, December.Robert E. Charles, fAB'55, Odober.Mary Hansen Suput, AM'56, November.Walter F. Yondorf, AM'57, PhD'62,December.Roger C. Seager, PhD'59, February 1980.1960-1969Baruch M. Aaron, MD'64, January.Harold W. Huston, AM'64, August 1977.Gladys F. Dwarshuis, AM'67, January.1970-1979Donald Richards, SB'71.BOOKS by AlumniEdward Wagenknecht, PhB'23, AM'24,Henry David Thoreau: What Manner of Man?(University of Massachusets Press). In thisstudy of Thoreau's character and personality,Wagenknecht discusses the writer's physicalappearance, tempérament, and tastes; his re-lationships with others; his ideas about war,parifism, and the state; his interest in sports,nature, sdence, and technology; his allegedmisanthropy; and his views on sex, morality,religion, and death. Wagenknecht is professor emeritus at Boston University.Harold H. McLean, PhB'25, JD'26,Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad (Golden WestBooks). McLean chronicles the first 100 yearsof the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad (P &LE), explaining why it was absorbed into theNew York Central System by the Vanderbiltsin the early 1880s, and how Jacob Henrid andhis Harmony Sodety joined with Henry W.Oliver in delivering control to William H.Vanderbilt. McLean is retired vice-présidentand gênerai counsel of the P & LE RailroadCo. He is married to Sarah M. Newton McLean, PhB'25.George L. Cross, PhD'29, The Universityof Oklahoma and World War II: A Personal Account, 1941-1946 (Oklahoma UniversityPress). Cross is président emeritus of the University of Oklahoma, in Norman.Eli M. Oboler, AM'41, Defending Intellectual Freedom: the Library and the Censor(Greenwood Press). Oboler recently retiredfrom his thirty-year career as university libra-rian at Idaho State University, Pocatello. Heplans several more books, including one to bebased on lectures he is giving in six libraryschools from Texas to Nova Scotia this year.William W. Crosskey and WilliamJeffrey, Jr., AB'42, BLS'47, Politics and theConstitution in the History of the United States,Volume III: The Political Background of the FédéralConvention (The University of Chicago Press).In the first two volumes of this controversialstudy which appeared in 1953, Crosskey,(Note: We finally found a foolproof way to get alumni tosend us news notes about themselves: Run a book col-umn. For those ofyou who sent in notices and don't seeyour names, hâve patience; they will be in the nextissue. ) who was professor of law at the University,reassessed the meaning of the Constitution,arguing that the Founding Fathers truly in-tended a government with plenary, nation-wide powers, and not, as in the receivedviews, a limited federalism. This thirdvolume, which Crosskey began and hisformer student William Jeffrey has finished,treats political activity in the period 1776-87.Jeffrey is professor of law at the University ofCincinnati, Cindnnati, OH.Jérôme M. Rosow, AB'42, and ClarkKerr, eds., Work in America: The Décade Ahead(Van Nostrand Reinhold). A collection offourteen essays about changes in the natureof work, attitudes toward work, and the composition of the labor force, and how thèsechanges will af feet the organization of work inthe 1980s. Rosow is président of the Work inAmerica Institute, Inc. in Scarsdale, NY.Don Patinkin, AB'43, PhD'47, Hon.DHL'76, Essays On and In the Chicago Tradition(Duke University Press). Patinkin discussesthe leading members and documents of the"Chicago School" of économies, and analyzesthe true nature of the "Chicago" monetarytheory and policy as it was developed duringthe 1930s. Patinkin is professor of économiesat Hebrew University of Jérusalem.Marjorie Reis (Jory) Graham, X'44, éd.,with Joan Fishman and Barbara Anrod, Some-thing's Got To Taste Good: The Cancer Patient'sCookbook (Andrews and McMeel). Grahamwrites a Chicago Sun-Times column, "A TimeFor Living," which is syndicated to more thanfifty newspapers in the U.S.Joseph R. Gusfield, PhB'46, AM'49,PhD'54, The Culture of Public Problems:Drinking-Driving and the Symbolic Order (TheUniversity of Chicago Press). Employing concepts from cultural anthropology and literarycritidsm, Gusfield demonstrates the centralrôle of metaphor, rhetoric, and ritual in the"sdence" of auto-safety research; in the communication of "facts" about drinking-drivingto the public; and in the légal cérémonies en-acted in traffic court. Gusfield is professor ofsodology at the University of California, SanDiego.Edwin Diamond, PhB'47, AM'49, GoodNews', Bad News (MIT Press). Diamond ex amines the news business, noting trends inthe structure and methodology of the news,from print to broadeasting. Among his sub-jects are circulation, ratings, compétition between the major news magazines, finding theperfect anchorman, and marketing air time topolitidans.James L. Weil, AB'50, Adversary Proceed-ings (Martin Booth). A new book of poems byWeil, who lives in New Rochelle, NY.Théodore N. Ferris, AM'51, Spectrum, ABook of Verse (Exposition Press). Ferris hastaught English and journalism at the highschool level, and has held numerous editorialpositions, lately as editor for the EducationalResearch Council of America.Daniel Robbins, AB'51, The VermontState House: A History and Guide (VermontState House Préservation Committee and theVermont Coundl on the Arts). Robbins isMay I. C. Baker Professor of the Arts at UnionCollège in Schenectady, NY.Joseph R. Royce, PhD'51, and LeendertP. Mos, eds., Theoretical Advances in BehaviorGenetics (Sijthoff & Noordhoff). Behaviorgenetidsts study how an organism's geneticmakeup détermines its behavior, and how anorganism's behavior détermines, evolution-arily, its genetic composition. This book is acollection of articles and discussion paperssurveying the state of the disdpline, focusingon behavioral évolution, molecular biology,gene-environment, genetic models, method-ological and conceptual issues, and psychological theory. Royce is director and professor of the Center for Advanced Study inTheoretical Psychology at the Universityof Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.Martin E. Marty, PhD'56, By Way of Re-sponse (Abingdon Press). Marty's life story, inwhich he describes his spiritual corning ofâge, his seminary years, his parish ministry,his life on the University of Chicago campus,his partidpation on The Christian Century, andhis sodal activism in the '60s and 70s. Martyalso spéculâtes on what's ahead for thechurch. Marty is the Fairfax M. Cône Distinguished Service Professor at the Universityand assodate editor of The Christian Century.M. D. Faber, AB'59, Culture and Con-sciousness: The Social Meaning of Altered Aware-47ness (Human Sdences Press). Faber is asso-date professor of English at The University ofVictoria, British Columbia.Kerry J. Pataki-Schweizer, SB'60, A NewGuinea Landscape: Community, Space and Timein the Eastern Highlands (University ofWashington Press). Pataki-Schweizer ischairman of the' Department of CommunityMedidne at the University of Papua and NewGuinea..Alain Dessaint, AB'61, Minorities ofSouthwest China (Human Relations Area FilesPress). Dessaint's book includes an historicalsurvey of relations between Chinese and non-Chinese national minority groups, and asummary of the cultures involved, anthro-pological and linguistic knowledge concern-ing them, and needs for future research.Miriam Kooner Ringo, AM'61, NobodySaid lt Betterl (Rand McNally). "I belong to noorganized party. I am a Democrat," said WillRogers. It's one of 2,700 quotations Ringocarefully traced ,and verified for inclusion inthis book.Susan Fromberg Schaeffer, AB'61,AM'63, PhD'66, Love (E. P. Dutton). In herfourth novel, Schaeffer explores love in ail itsfoims through the eyes of Esheal Luria, who,when the novel opens, has been abandonedby his mother in Russia, and taken to beraised by a mysterious woman, the zenshina,in the tiny village of Pobrosk. Later Eshealgoes to America, where he becomes apharmadst, falls in love, and finds himselfcaught in the tierce passions of domestic life.Schaeffer lives in Brooklyn, NY.David R. Heise, AM'62, PhD'64, Under-standing Events: Affect and the Construction ofSocial Action (Cambridge University Press).Heise is professor of sodology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Inthis book, he proposes a gênerai theory ofsocial behavior called "affect-control theory. "J. Phillip Bromberg, PhD'64, PhysicalChemistry (Allyn and Bacon). In this textbook,Bromberg discusses gas laws, classical ther-modynamics, statistical and quantum mech-anics, and solid state and chemical kinetics.Bromberg, who obtained his PhD in chemistry, writes that he has "joined the ranks ofmidlife career changera. " He received a lawdegree from the Duquesnes UniversitySchool of Law in Pittsburgh, PA in 1977, isnow practidng law, and is spedalizing in en-vironmental law, in Pittsburgh.Lance J. Klass, AM'68, and Paolo Lionni,The Leipzig Connection: The Systematic Destruction of American Education (Héron Books).Barbara Heyns, AM'69, PhD'71, SummerLearning and the Effects of Schoolmg (AcadémiePress). Heyns is associate professor of sociology at the University of California, Berkeley.A large part of her book describes the relation-ships between children's summer activitiesand school achievement. She finds thatachievement gains over the summer are moststrongly related to family income, with themost gains correlated with those activities engaged in by high-income families.Mary Hollis Johnston, AM'70, PhD'75,and Philip S. Holzman, Assessing Schizophrénie Thinking: A Clinical and Research Instrument For Measuring Thought Disorder (Jossey-Bass). The authors describe the validation ofthe Thought Disorder Index (TDI), a System of classifying language abnormalities amongschizophrénie patients. The verbal peculiar-ities measured by the test also occur in non-schizophrenic psychiatrie patients, and normal individuals; the abnormalities are mostfréquent and severe among the schizophrénies, and least among the normal subjects.Johnston is assistant professor of psychologyand psychiatry in the Child Psychiatry Clinicat the University of Illinois Médical Center inChicago.James M. Kahn, AB'70, MD'74, DiagnosisMurder and World Enough and Time (Ballan-tine). World Enough and Time is the first volume in a sdence fiction trilogy. Kahn prac-tices emergency medidne in Los Angeles.Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., AM'71, Palm Sunday(Delacorte). "I hâve worked so hard on thismasterpiece for the last six years. I hâvegroaned and beat my head on radiators. Ihâve walked through every hôtel lobby inNew York, thinking about this book andweeping and driving my fist into the guts ofgrandfather clocks." So writes Kurt Vonnegut in the introduction to this collection ofspeeches, letters, reviews, interviews, andgênerai musings. Vonnegut is DistinguishedProfessor of English Prose at City Collège ofNew York. Last year he received the University's Professional Achievement Award.Théodore Berland, AM'72, The Doctor'sCalories-Plus Diet, written with Henry A.Jordan, M.D. (Contemporary Books) andDiets '81 (Consumer Guide). Berland ischairman of the Department of Joumalism atColumbia Collège, Chicago, and teaches atthe University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.Hugh De Santis, AM'73, PhD'78, The Di-plomacy of Silence: The American Foreign Service,the Soviet Union, and the Cold War, 1933-1947(The University of Chicago Press). De Santiscombines diplomatie history and biographyto analyze American career diplomats' imagesof the Soviet Union during the formativeyears of the Cold War. He shows that con-formist inclinations and pressures within theForeign Service directly affected diplomats'perceptions of the Soviets, hence their support for the wartime policy of coopération andthe posrwar policy of confrontation. De Santisis the research analyst for the régional political and security affaire of Western Europe atthe Department of State.Thomas J. McKearn, PhD'74, MD'76,BOSTONMay 13. Judith Applegate, AM'66 (and cur-rent doctoral candidate), will speak on, "Artas an Investment," as the third speaker in theU. of C. Club of Boston's luncheon séries.Arrangements hâve been made at The Wo-men's City Club of Boston by Ms. Samayla D.Deutch, JD'64.CHICAGOMay 15. Reunion '81. The Tommy DorseyDance. Sponsored by the Student ActivitiesOffice. Ida Noyés Hall. 9:00 p. m. Roger H. Kennett, and Kathleen B. Bechtol,Monoclonal Antibodies (Plénum Press). McKearn is assistant professor of pathology atthe University of Pennsylvania MédicalSchool in Philadelphia.Don Merten, PhD'74, and GarySchwartz (with Fran Behan and Allyne Ro-senthal), Love and Commitment (Sage). "In oursociety," the authors write, "there is no singleauthoritative theory of love to which peoplesubscribe. Nor is there gênerai agreement a-bout the importance that love should hâve inone's life. ..In this culture, it is up to eachindividual to figure out how love fits into herlife." This book chronicles the rôle of love inthe life of one woman, in narrative reportsand commentary she wrote over a fifteen-year span on her dating and courtship rela-tionships. The authors comment on her commentary, bringing sodological, anthropologi-cal, and psychological insights to her chang-ing views of love. Merten is a research sden-tist at the Institute for Juvénile Research inChicago.Esther Stineman, AM'76, American Political Women: Contemporary and Historical Profilesand Women' s Studies: A Recommended CoreBibliography (Libraries Unlimited). The firsttitle contains sixry profiles of women currently serving in political positions in American government as congresswomen, ambas-sadors, governors, lieutenant govemors,mayors, and presidential advisers, and ofselected women who hâve served in suchpositions in the past. Women' s Studies describes 1,763 books and periodicals that willsupport a women's studies programs at theundergraduate level. Stineman teaches at theUniversity of Colorado, Colorado Springs.Author's Query. For a dissertation inAmerican studies on Frances R. Donovan,PhB'18, author of three studies of workingwomen, who took graduate courses in theUniversity's Department of Sociology between 1918 and 1925 and who taught atCalumet High School in Chicago from 1923-45, I would appreciate hearing from anyonewho knew her personally in those years.Heather Paul Kurent5507 42nd AvenueHyattsville, MD 20781May 16. Reunion '81. The National AlumniAssodation Awards Luncheon. HutchinsonCommons. 12:30 p. m.May 16. Reunion '81. Carnival on the Quads.Hutchinson Court. 2:30 p. m.May 16. Reunion '81. Reunion '81 Dinner andDavid Steinberg Live! Ida Noyés Hall. Dancing to follow at the Quadrangle Club. 6:00p. m.May 27. Alumni Luncheon séries. FrançoiseMeltzer, in the Department of RomanceLanguages and Literature, the Collège, andthe Committee on Comparative Studies inLiterature, will speak on psychoanalysis andFUTURE ALUMNI EVENTS48 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/Spnng 1981literature. 12 noon.June 9. Alumni Luncheon séries. Ira Mark, inthe Departments of Art and Classical Lan-guages and Literature, the Committee on theAncient Mediterranean World, and the Collège, will présent a talk, accompanied byslides, on art in the era of Alexander theGreat, in préparation for "The Search for Alexander," coming to the Art Institute in June.12 noon.KANSAS CITYMay 16. The U. of C. Club of Kansas Cityinvites its alumni to The Nelson Art Galleryfor a viewing of, "5,000 Years of Korean Art"and a lecture by Tita Merrill of the Universityof Missouri, Kansas City. Arrangementsmade by Barbara Ruml, AB'44.MILWAUKEEMay 16. The U. of C. Club of Milwaukee invites its alumni to campus for Reunion fes-tivities. Spécial arrangements hâve beenmade by Christopher Berry, JD'76.NEW YORKMay 14. William Macomber, AM'51, président, The Metropolitan Muséum of Art, willspeak about the muséum and its part in thelife of the city at the annual meeting of the U.of C. Club of New York. Arrangements hâvebeen made at the Salmagundi Club for thiscocktail réception. NORTHWEST INDIANAMay 6. Alvin Markovitz, professor in the Department of Microbiology and the Collège,will speak on "The Présent and Future of Recombinant DNA" at The Spa for the U. of C.Club of Northwest Indiana's annual Springmeeting. Arrangements by Reed Reynolds,MBA'67.May 16. The U. of C. Club of Northwest In-diana invites its alumni to campus for Reunion festivities. Spécial arrangements by MilaRowton, AM'59.PITTSBURGHMay 21. Herbert Simon, AB'36, PhD'43, willspeak on "Thinking in Computers andPeople" at The Downtown Club of Pittsburgh. Arrangements made by Joan Daley,MBA'75.ROCKFORDMay 16. The alumni of Rockford are invited tocampus for Reunion festivities. Spécial arrangements by Don and Théo Clark. Don received an MBA degree in '74.SAN DIEGOMay 10. Dr. Alvin Tarlov, chairman and professor, Department of Medicine, will speakon, "Are There Too Many Doctors in the House?" Arrangements hâve been made atthe Hôtel Del Coronado by The U. of C. Clubof San Diego, Cari Nelson, MBA'63, président.SAN FRANCISCOMay 19. Marvin Zonis, associate professor inthe Department of Behavioral Sciences (Human Development) and the Collège, willspeak on "Persian Gulf Problems and U.S.Power-The Dilemmas of American Policy" atThe Metropolitan Club. Arrangements forthis dinner meeting of the U. of C. Club of theBay Area hâve been made by Albert Alhadeff,MBA'57.ST. LOUISMay 16. The St. Louis Symphony performsworks by Zimmermann, Schumann andBerlioz under the direction of Léonard Slatkinwho joins alumni at a post-concert réceptionin The Green Room. Arrangements made byFred Moriarty, MBA'71.WASHINGTON, D.C.May 28. David Schramm, chairman and professor in the Department of Astronomy andAstrophysics will speak at the annual awardsdinner of the U. of C. Club of Washington,D.C. Arrangements hâve been made at theNational Press Club by Antigone Lefteris,AB'65, and Bette Pollard, MST'66.Turkey: Homage to oAtatiïr^17 Day Spécial Interest Tour in Célébration of the 100th Birthday ofMUSTAFA KEMAL ATATURKFounder of the Turkish RepublicSponsored by the Center for Middle Eastern Studies of The University of Chicagoand the Alumni Association of American Collèges of Istanbul,and led by Professor Richard L. ChambersDirector, Center for Middle Eastern Studies, The University of Chicago.The tour visits Ankara, Urgup (Cappadocia), Konya, Antalya, Perge,Aspendos, Side, Pamukkale, Aphrodisias, Kusadasi, Izmir, Ephesus, Pergamun, Troy,the Dardanelles (Canakkale and Gallipoli) and Istanbul.TOUR FEATURES INCLUDE:¦ Roundtrip economy airfare (Lufthansa)¦ Deluxe hôtel accommodations (or best available)¦ AN meals¦ Tickets to spécial Ataturk Centennial events • Lectures by Professor Chambers• Spécial seminars and lectures• Comprehensive program of sightseeing• Touring by first class motor coachm The World ofOZA CORTEU GROUP AFFILIATE Date: August 28 to September 13, 1981Total tour cost (double occupancy):$2488 from New York $2663 from Chicago(Single supplément $250)For information write or call:3 East 54th Street For New York state call collectNew York, NY 10022 (212) 751-3250Toll-f ree (800) 223-1 306/7 (21 2) 832-1 1 00 VIP TOURISM Ltd.orTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINERobie House5757 Woodlawn AvenueChicago, IL 60637 Second ClassPostage PaidChicago, IL 60607ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTEDW,hat do Léo Rosten, PhilipRoth, Cari Sagan, Susan Sontag, Studs Terkel, KurtVonnegut and YOU hâve in common?You are ail alumni of The University of Chicago.You ail receive The University of Chicago Magazine.You ail like to write.We know you like to write. We've just begun to keep aninformai count of the books you write (that we know about)and last year you turned out at least 500. Only a computercould count the papers and articles you wrote in that time.And you write to us. You write to correct our spellingand grammar (and an occasional stray fact). You write to tellus you love our articles, or you hâte them. You write to askif you can reprint our articles, or to say you're using themfor your Great Books' discussion groups, or that you hâvehad your students grade them for "readability." Whateverthe reason, we're delighted when you write us. It meansyou read us — and what editor could ask for more?Well, yes, there is one more thing. We'd like to ask thatyou write your name on a check for at least $10 and send it asa voluntary contribution to The University of ChicagoMagazine. For seventy-four years, (except for one brief interlude,) The Magazine has been sent to ail alumni, free.The next paragraph could be ail too drearily familiar, sowe'll spare you. Better yet, you can write it yourself. Thekey words are: inflation, rising costs of paper, printing,postage, photography.Skip that, and simply write us a check.Remember, regardless of whether you send in a contribution or not, you will ail continue to receive TheMagazine, free.But we'd love it if you'd write us.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINERobie House • 5757 Woodlawn • Chicago, IL 60637