The University ofCHICAGOMagazine / November 1980 The Collège Today —How Has It Changed?by Dean Jonathan Z. Smith'-k S&.MMerry Christmas from Geoffrey Chaucer, Mark Twain,Pablo Picasso, Davy Crockett, and Walter BlairHelp launch the 1980-81 Alumni FundIf you hâve not yet made a eift, send one today.Unrestricted alumni givingis critical in maintainingThe University of Chicago's excellence.liOur thanks to ail of youwho participated in thefall phona thons.We look forward toseeing each of you againin the spring.The Alumni JFund.5733 University*Chicago, Illinois 60637 IH I ALUMNI FUNO RESULTS 1976-77 / 1979-80Shâded portions indicate Présidents Fund.Nurhbers in parenthèses indicate percent change.$2,102,250$1,731,549(+22%)$1,423,235(+13%) $2,500,000!$1,500,000(+20%)$1,264,133(+8%)$801,134 $?;^°(+38%) il++'°)1976-77 1977-78 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 GoalEditotFelicia Antonelli Holton, AB'50Assistant EditorFlorence Hammet, MAT'74The University of ChicagoOffice of Alumni AffairsRobie House5757 Woodlawn AvenueChicago, Illinois 60637Président, The University of ChicagoAlumni AssociationBeverly J. Splane, AB'67, MBA'69Executive Directorof University Alumni AffairsPeter Kountz, AM'69, PhD'76Associate Directorof University Alumni AffairsRuth HalloranNational Program DirectorSylvia Hohri, AB'77Chicago Area Program DirectorPatricia SchulmanAlumni Schools Committee DirectorRobert Bail, Jr., X'71The University of ChicagoAlumni AssociationExecutive Committee, The Cabinet-Beverly ]. Splane, AB'67, MBA'69Anita Jarmin Brickell, AB'75, MBA'76William N. Flory, AB'48Eugène M. Kadish, AB'63, JD'66Max Schiff, Jr., AB'36Edward ]. Anderson, PhB'46, SM'49Emmett Dedmon, AB'39Gail Pollack Fels, JD'65Faculty/Alumni Advisory Committeeto The University of Chicago MagazineEdward W. Rosenheim, AB'39, AM'47, PhD'53ClmirmanDavid B. and Clara E. Stern Professor, Departmentof English and the CollègeWalter J. Blum, AB'39, ]D'41Wilson-Dickinson Professor, The Law SchoolJohn A. SimpsonArthur Holly Compton Distinguished ServiceProfessor, Department of Physics and the CollègeLorna P. Straus, SM'60, PhD'62Dean of Students in the CollègeAssociate Professor, Department of Anatomy andthe CollègeGreta Wiley Flory, PhB'48Eugène Priest Forrester, II, AB'77Linda Thoren, AB'64, JD'67 810131620283032364047 The University ofCHICAGOMagazine / November, 1980Volume 73, Number 2 (ISSN 0041-9508)IN THIS ISSUEThe Collège Today — How Has it Changed?BY JONATHAN Z. SMITHAn examination of the basic aims of the Collège.Welcome to the Class of 1984.Cronin Shares Nobel Prize in PhysicsA Conversation with Beverly SplaneAbout Futures of Various KindsMerry Christmas from Geoffrey Chaucer,Mark Twain, Pablo Picasso,Davy Crockett, and Walter Blair.The story of the Blairs' Christmas cards.Americanized Comic BraggartsBY WALTER BLAIR, AM'26, PhD'31A historian of American humor traces the origins of somefavorite "ring-tailed roarers" and debunks the notion thatthey were "native" to thèse shores.DEPARTMENTSNews of the QuadranglesThe Alumni Association President's Page.Alumni NewsNational Alumni Assn. Cabinet MeetsAlumni Fund Drive Sets New RecordAlumni EventsClass NewsDeathsThe University of Chicago Magazine is publishedby The University of Chicago in coopération withthe Alumni Association. Published continuouslysince 1907. Editorial Office: Robie House,5757 Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637.Téléphone: (312) 753-2325.Copyright © 1980 by The University of Chicago.Published four times a year, Autumn,Winter, Spring, Summer. The magazine issent to ail University of Chicago alumni. Pleaseallow eight weeks for change-of-address.Second-class postage paid at Chicago, IL, and atadditional mailing offices.Photo Crédits: Pp. 2, 6, 7, 9, 19, Peter Kiar; p. 5,James L. Ballard; pp. 8, 32, Felicia A. Holton; pp.13, 33, 34, 35, Audrey Kozera; p. 41, MikeShields; p. 44, Don Rocker. Illustrations: Cover,pp. 17, 18, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, Walter Blair; p. 12,Physical Review Letters. Cover illustration: From "Blair Through the Ages," the caption reads:"In an Ellesmere manuscript portrait (1410, Huntington Librarv), heis the Clerk of Oxford, on an overburdened little horse, with a bookin hand, cantering to Canterbury with Geoffrey Chaucer." "He" isthe artist himself, Walter Blair, AM'26, PhD'31, and the drawinggraced one of the Blairs' Chirstmas cards. For further enlightenment,turn to Page 16.A freshman class in HumanitiesThe Collège Today —How Has it Changed?By Jonathan Z. SmithDean of the CollègeIntramural soccer on the MidwayUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/November 1980Jonathan Z. Smith is dean of the Collège, theWilliam Benton Professor of Religion and Humait Sciences in the Collège, and professor in theDepartment of New Testament and EarlyChristian Literature. He has been at the University for thirteen years, and prior to beingdean of the Collège was master of the Humanises Collegiate Division. He established the firstreligions program in the Collège. The Magazine asked Dean Smith to talk about the Collègetoday. His remarks follow.The Collège of the University ofChicago has a particular bent,which makes working in if fasci-nating to me. That is this college'sstubborn commitment to the notionthat a B.A. degree has integrity to it,and that it is not a préparation forsomething else. Hère, in the Collège, aB.A. degree has to achieve somethingin and of itself.Among the faculty, we ail fightlike hell over what a B.A. is supposedto achieve, but we ail agrée that a B.A.has integrity. Its purpose is not to prépare the student for graduate study,nor for a professional school. Its pur-pose is to help the student hâve something happen to him, while he is earn-ing it.This collège also has a stubborncommitment to the belief that there arerelationships among the things onelearns. One of the things we strive foris to help the student develop a capac-ity to recognize what I would call précédents. This means that when a student reads about ancient Greece, hebecomes aware that he is not justreading about ancient Greece, but thathe is reading something that he candraw upon as a resource, to interpretthings that are going on right now.I made the statement to a classthat if someone in the State Department had taken two weeks off to readHomer's Iliad they would hâve knownbetter how to deal with the Ayatollah(Khomeini). Not that you directlytranslate the Iliad to the Iranian situation, but the diplomats might betterhâve understood, for example, a culture that considers words like "honor"and "shame" to be their critical politi- cal terms, not "win" or "lose". Andthey would understand why thèsepeople are holding out for an apology,not money nor military aid nor any ofthèse kinds of things. A few momentsof reflection would hâve shown themthat we hâve seen something like itbefore, and would hâve enhancedtheir capacity to begin at least to findit intelligible.Some of our faculty would saythere are certain classic texts whichwill help a student find précédents;others would say that there are certainclassic stratégies of argument; andothers would say that it is in certainmodels. There are lots of différentways of doing it. But regardless ofhow a course is numbered in the Collège, it should not be placed there un-less its material is in some way provid-ing that kind of continuing resourcefor the student.My own point of view goes backto older language that is not terriblypopular thèse days, about libéral artsand citizenship. This point of viewsays that our students cannot shirk re-sponsibility by saying, "I am sorry,but I'm not an expert on that." As aneducator, that, ultimately, is what youare after. You are challenging that refusai to interpret something by de-nying that you hâve that capacity. Asa citizen, each of us must interpret,and we must understand that thereare précédents.In a lecture that I gave at Wood-ward Court, I tried to demonstratewhat I think the Collège is really ailabout, in microcosm.The papers were, at the time, fill-ed with the Révérend Jim Jones, andthe mass suicide at Jonestown. So Isaid okay you've read Euripides' TheBacchae, and on the basis of that, youhâve a tool to begin to understand theJonestown phenomenon. It is not anincompréhensible, mad act, somethingthat you just look at and shudder about. It is something that you ought tobe able to interpret. We know aboutcultures. We hâve seen it before. Weknow about setting up a Utopian com-munity somewhere, and what hap-pens when spies corne in from the outside. In The Bacchae you hâve people, the Dionysiacs, ladies who dancewith Dionysius on the mountain tops,who are both peaceful and frenzied.They go off to create a space of theirown, and messages corne from thecity. The rhythm of their peacefulnessand their frenziedness has to do withthe problem of whether they are to beleft alone, or whether — in their ownlanguage — they are to be spied onfrom the city.Well, I suggested, take that plotand roll it out, and you can see paral-lels to the Révérend Jones and Jonestown. I am not saying that it is theanswer to Jonestown, but I am sayingthat it lets you say, that is a humanphenomenon I can begin to try tounderstand, because I hâve seensomething like it before.In this business we are traditionaland conservative; we guard traditionsand the past, because it helps us, andprovides précédents for interpretingthe présent.We often hear that collège is aplace where a student learns how toask questions. I like to think that collège is a place where a student getsthe glimmers of where to findanswers.The real question he ought tolearn to ask is: Why is that important?Why ought I to know? Presumably,one of the answers is because, in somesensé, it is a resource, in lots of ways,and for lots of things. Unless educa-tors can keep making that case, wehold ourselves open to what we wentthrough a décade or so ago, when wemet easy and cheap questions of "Sowhat?" and "Is it relevant?"The questions being asked thenwere only, I think, an expression offrustration. They were the simple wayof asking a very complicated questionthat we ought to hâve been asking ailthe time. I honor the instinct that wentinto that kind of question, although Idon't honor the particular narrownessof the arena of relevance.Our job is to realize that we don'tlive in a world of brute fact; we live ina world of interprétation. We don't seethe world as it is; we see the world as3we construe it. And the wav in whichthe world is construed becomes an important thing to keep examining.When I welcomed the freshmanclass last year I used the analogy ofGulliver's travels. It seems to me thatthe remarkable thing about Gulliver isthat he runs into ail of thèse figureswho are, in a way, distortions of extrême sorts of intellectual positions.What if man was entirely a bruteanimal? or entirely a mind? or thesmallest thing in the universe? or thelargest? Well, in a way, I see our collège as asking thèse questions. What ifthe world was really as the humanistssay it is? What if the world was reallyas the social scientists say it is? Whatkind of world would either of thosebe, what kind of conséquences wouldfollow from this? What Gulliver had todo was to learn the language of thèsepeople. Well, we hâve to learn the language to talk to thèse strange disci-plinary beasties that corne along.Thèse aren't just airy fairy games.Thèse are people who are construingfor us the world in which we live, andwe hâve to know how they put thatworld together. We hâve to know howto talk to ail thèse people. And wehâve the same advantage that Gulliverhad: we meet ail of them. We get achance to meet ail of thèse people,through courses, and to try to makesensé not only of what the world is asthis group conceives it, but how thatlooks over and against the world asanother group conceives it.Now ail of thèse questions hâve,obviously, social référence. We takereal action on the basis of some ofthèse. But that is not the only kind ofréférence they hâve. So that, to saysimply that I'm learning social sciencebecause I want to master Marx'sthéories of économies or history is tomake one kind of statement. To saywhat it would be like to live in a Marx-ist construction of the world, in whichpolitical parties and national interestsand the organization of knowledgeand lots of other things hâve reallyoccurred on the basis of that man's imagination of the way the world is —that's to do something that is not innocent of social référence.I don't hâve to ask the question:How would Marx solve inflation? But Imight ask the question: How doesMarx describe the world in which Ifind mv values? How does Marx describe the wav life is to be lived? Those are not questions of instantsolution or application. But they arevery real questions. Our way of construing the world has savage conséquences. Our inability to understandthe ways others construe the worldhas even more savage conséquences.One of the things I worry about asI look at our collège is to what degreehâve we given our students adéquateexposure to the ways in which someother peoples might hâve construedthe world. I think we hâve been ele-gantly self-reflective on the way inwhich we, the West, construe theworld in its variety of pictures. Butwhat about how the non-West con-strues the world? We live in an era inwhich we cannot afford to be quite soignorant about how the world looks toothers. And certainly the history of thelast several décades indicates that realpeople lose their lives because peopledo not understand the ways in whichother people view the world.In the Collège we hâve retained acommon Core of courses, which con-sist of four year-long séquences, in thehumanities, the social sciences, biolo-gical sciences, and physical sciences.Thèse are required of ail students inthe Collège.But we hâve done it a little dif-ferently in mood and tonality and rhe-toric, perhaps, from the past. Fifteenyears ago, in this collège, it was stipu-lated that the student would take theCore courses in the first two years,and then take courses in his chosenfield of specialization for the secondtwo years. But we hâve moved awayfrom saying the first two years of theCollège are devoted to things whichare more gênerai, and the second twoyears are devoted to things which aremore spécifie.Rather than saying to the students — here's a block of courses thatare your gênerai éducation, and here'sa block of courses that are your concentration — we permit them to takeboth types of courses through ail fouryears. And the faculty knows this, sothat when a person is teaching X sub-ject, he cannot présume that everyonein the room is in the universe of discourse to which that subject belongs.He must be aware that he has peoplein the room who are taking the coursefor their own reasons, and he mustspeak to that. We hâve found thatmost of the faculty not only are awareof this fact but indeed, they glory in it. That's a very positive thing to me.I'm happy to see that gênerai éducation is not viewed as a student's prénuptial flight, and then he's expectedto settle down to concentrate on onearea. Rather, gênerai éducation issomething which, if done correctly,permeates the whole enterprise.Let me try to put it another way.We still hâve eighty percent of the students' courses hère that are taken tofulfill gênerai éducation requirements.Some twenty percent are taken to fulfill the requirements of the students'areas of concentration. That is almostunique in higher éducation. Thismeans that a student hère, with a for-ty-two or forty-five course program,will be taking no more than tencourses in what most of higher éducation would know as "the major." Andeven without that major, if you look atthe various program descriptions, youwill find that the majority of programsrequire work done in departmentsother than the major, for fulfilling thatmajor. So that even in the most nar-row moments, we're still pushing out.The eighty percent of courses fulfill awhole variety of gênerai éducation requirements among which the Corefigures.One of the things we hâve beentrying recently is to move a bit awayfrom the language that suggests theCore bears the sole burden of gêneraiéducation. It is a component of thateighty percent, but it certainly is notail. Within that eighty percent there isgreat flexibility. There are a variety ofways in which a student can fulfill anyof the requirements. But each of thoseways has been tested by a faculty committee, to détermine that it is, in fact,being offered self-consciously as an exercise in gênerai éducation, and not assome sort of other endeavor.The single most interesting thingthat I know about the Collège is that,with the exception of some veryesoteric courses like higher mathema-tics, (and even in those cases, not al-ways) there is no course offered in theCollège at any level that is not simul-taneously being taken by people whoare concentrating in that area and whoare taking that course to fulfill a major,and is, at the same time, being takenby students who are non-concentra-tors, who are taking the very samecourse to fulfill a gênerai éducation re-quirement.4 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MACAZINE/November 1980There is no longer only one wayof taking each one of the Core courses.There is flexibility within them. For example, in the humanities there are about five Core séquences, each of themyear-long séquences. In the social sciences, there are about five. In thebiological sciences, depending on howyou put them together, there areperhaps as many as a dozen ways oftaking the Core courses. And in thephysical sciences there are about fiveor six ways of doing it.What is characteristic of thèse Corecourses is that they are specially de-signed, and they also are designed soas to be sequential. They are not in-troductory courses to English, orsociology, or whatever. They were designed specifically to fulfill the func-tion of the Core. But I would like topoint out, there are no solo flights (onthe part of faculty). Ail of the Corecourses are staff taught. There is al-ways more than a single faculty mem-ber who is responsible for that Core,which means that the courses them-selves are negotiated, for content. Itmay not be my way of conceiving thehumanities, but I hâve to sit downwith ten, fifteen, sometimes twentycolleagues and work out our way ofconceiving the humanities.In the humanities, for example, ofseven variants to the Core, some mayhâve as many as six or seven sections.So that means a minimum of six orseven faculty, and indeed, since theydon't ail necessarily go through thewhole year, there may be as many astwenty faculty members who hâveconceived of a common syllabus. Thepattern in the humanities and socialsciences is a pattern of seminar formatexclusively. There is a common syllabus to the Core, but students are di-vided into groups of twenty to twenty-five, and they move through that common syllabus with one or more facultymembers during the year.In the sciences, both biologicaland physical, there is a greater mixture. Some operate on the seminarmodel, others on the older model oflecture séries, then individual discussions.Approximately 150 faculty members will be involved in instruction inthe Core courses during any one year.Under our présent System, thèse areail jointly appointed faculty. The Collège no longer has a separate facultywhose major job is staffing the Core. Fifteen years ago there were about 150College-only faculty appointments.The major job of those faculty members was to staff the gênerai éducationpart of the Collège curriculum. Therewere about 100 joint appointments be-tween the Collège and other parts ofthe University. Now, there are six College-only appointments. This is notunique to Chicago; the older arrangement was. In most universities thegraduate and undergraduate faculty isthe same. We hâve had to fight forthis, because there was serious con-troversy over it. The Collège sta,ffsometimes felt they offered two yearsof true éducation, and then turned astudent over to the narrow-mindedspecialists. The graduate faculty feltthat the students had two years ofbull, and now could get down to thereal stuff.Today, the Collège faculty over-laps the arts and sciences faculty tothe tune of some ninety percent.Administratively, that is not a simplething, and my office, and the masters'offices (of the collegiate divisions)spend most of their time negotiatingover this. But we hâve a faculty thatteaches an average of two-and-a-halfcourses in the Collège; by and large,they are giving us close to fifty percentof their effort. They don't always do itwhere we want it, but they do it.Now, what I think the Core is about is to give one a sensé, to go back to my Gulliver's analogy, of what it'slike to inhabit an intellectual world.There are many other possibilités forsuch courses and there are perfectlyvalid models being used in other institutions. But we hâve decided on thisone. We say there are some intellectual worlds, which contain characteristic problems, and characteristicstratégies, which may be summed up,for want of better words, as the humanities, social sciences, biological sciences, and physical sciences. In theCore, we try to give a student a senséof what it is like to inhabit those kindsof intellectual worlds. For our pur-poses, the subject matter is always byway of example.For example, in the physical sciences the Core may focus on weather.But the staff is not there to teach youhow to forecast the weather. They arethere to ask: How does a scientistthink about something like the weather? And next year, perhaps, they willuse energy as their example, or something else. The idea is not to give thestudent a short history of science, norto give him some basic facts about theweather, or energy. The idea is to say:okay, you see a lump of coal. If youare a scientist, what do you do withthat lump? Or: Here's a poem, thehumanist's équivalent of a lump ofcoal. If you are a humanist, how doyou go about working on this poem?And so we choose materials that we5think elicit that kind of response.Now there are serious disagree-ments among our faculty, and noattempt to impose uniformity on them,on how best to do what. For example,there is a Core course in the social sciences that reads no material publishedlater than the eighteenth century.There is another Core course thatreads no material that is not a journalarticle published in the last ten years.And those opposing opinions, I mustsay, hâve real conséquences.But that is what collège teaching isail about — taking risks. You can't doeverything. The attempt to construct acafétéria is to betray gênerai éducation,immediately. It is a betrayal whichmany schools hâve done. A little bit ofthis and that. A week of art, a week ofmusic, a week of poetry, and so on. Itdoesn't work. You hâve to make yourdécision. Now, in the examples I citedabove, of teachers who choose suchopposite periods concerning the material they use, that's an argument I canunderstand. One says, we want to seewhat the cutting edge of research is,and the other says, no, it's the classicswe want to do. They may argueheatedly, but they are really united inwhat they are doing, which is teachingthe student what it's like to be a socialscientist. They're teaching the studentto ask: How do you make an argument when you're a social scientist?What kinds of questions do you ask?What counts as évidence? What canyou, or can't you, deal with?The facultv of the Collège has another préoccupation, which has always been true for the Core. And thatis that we work with primary mate-rials. We don't use somebody else'stextbook. We don't use somebodyelse's digestion of a subject, becausedigestion reduces a subject to the levelof information. That is not what weare after. We are after such questionsas how did Rousseau, or Jim Colemanconstruct an argument on the natureof equality? To find out, you hâve toread thèse people.As I mentioned, some of ourfaculty are very clearly committed tothe notion that the great books, theclassics, are those which best elicit thatkind of approach. Others say no, youhâve to hâve some sensé of what people today are doing. That décision isnot of importance to me. I wouldargue that I could teach a gêneraiéducation course out of TIME Magazine, or out of Plato, with equal ease.The key question is what you do witheither of thèse materials. You canteach Plato in a way that is absolutelycontrary to the purposes of the Core.There is nothing in Plato that guaran-tees that you are going to do the jobright.Part of my job as dean, and partof the job of the collegiate masters,and of the curriculum committees, isto constantly test, not the material, butwhat's being done with it, to see thatwe are remaining faithful to the notionthat it is being taught as an example ofwhat it's like to inhabit an intellectualuniverse.Now, if a graduate of the Collègefrom many years ago returned, hewould find that a course like "Self,Culture, and Society," which used tobe called "Social Sciences II" (and wasknown as "Soc II"), is running withmuch the same reading list that wasused years ago. If you were to compare some of our reading lists for Corecourses today, from any era in theCollège, you would certainly be aboutfifty percent on familiar ground. Somebody is reading Thucydides, somebody is reading Marx, and somebodyis reading Durkheim. But you will findsome other things that hâve corne in,and I would argue again, they arebeing read in the same way, for thesame reason, that one went naturallyto a séminal figure like a Plato or aDurkheim.One of the interesting thingsabout this place is that the Core pro duces no satisfaction. Its contents, andreadings lists, are argued anew eachyear by the staff. And if "Soc II" isstill running with the same readinglist, it's because they hâve argued itout and decided to use that same reading list each year.We don't always recognize this inourselves, because this sort of thingdoes not happen in big faculty meetings. That's not the style of the place,to ail gather in one room and listen toa dean drone out a report, and thenhâve a lot of émotions and peoplewaving their hands. It's not our wayof doing business. But if you could puta bug in the staff room of any Core,you would hear an incredible amountof educational debate, because theUniversity of Chicago is still a placethat remains fascinated by those kindsof questions. We're shy sometimes about admitting it. I used to say that if Iwent into the Quadrangle Club andsaid, "I don't believe in Heisenberg'sprinciple of uncertainty," no onewould give a damn. But if I went inthere and said, "I don't believe in theCore," there would be a riot. It'sthere. And in a sensé we're so used toit we don't notice how atypical it is.That is why it is so important toinsist that the Core is not a solo flight.It is important to say that the Core hasto represent the collective consensus,but also the collective compromise.The staff still meet and instruct oneanother, even people who hâve beendoing it for years. There still is thatcomponent of staff meetings, of goingthrough the materials together, ofarguing about them, that remains, Ithink, one of the healthiest thingsaround hère.My criticism of the place is, in asensé, that I wish that kind of discussion more fully permeated some of theother aspects of our curriculum. Itdoesn't always. We do hâve a debategoing on at the moment, over language programs. We're asking: Whatis it about when we ask somebody tolearn a language? And in mathematics,we are constantly debating the degreeto which the student is being taughttechniques and that to which he isbeing taught a way of thought.One of the first things I did whenI became dean was to set up a curriculum committee, which I charged withignoring the Core. They are the oneswho took a look at the Collège program and came up with the notion thatb UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/November 1980what we really should hâve is a four-year program that combines the gênerai and the spécifie, rather than twotwo-year programs. So we are begin-ning to hâve the same kind of fermentat the upper level of our curriculum aswe do over the contents of the Core.In a sensé, what we hâve in theCollège really are 2,700 programs, notforty-two concentration programs. Wehâve 2,700 concentration programs,one for each student. Each student sitsdown with his adviser and has a chart,with a lot of blank spaces, which indicate ail the various requirements. Thestudent and the adviser together workout how the former is going to fulfillthèse. You can look at two Englishmajors in our Collège and see twoquite différent programs.When a student cornes hère, hehas already elected, by his choice, tofulfill the gênerai éducation requirements of the Core. In his sophomoreyear, he chooses a collegiate division —humanities, social sciences, biologicalsciences, physical sciences, or the NewCollegiate Division — and at that moment he encounters a set of gênerai requirements that hâve been laid downby that particular collegiate division.When a student chooses a concentration (a major), he chooses yet a thirdset of requirements. Now, ail of thèserequire responsible choice with the aidof a professional adviser whose job itis to guide him.The Collège is a strange thing,and this is difficult to convey. There isone way of looking at the Collège andsaying — how rigid it is! A studenttakes forty-two or forty-five courses,but most are to fulfill requirements.There are only six courses that aremarked down as free électives. That'sa very spécial définition of freedom,because it says that you may notchoose those six free électives in yourarea of concentration. So that it is anégative freedom, a Calvinist doctrineof freedom, if you want. What it saysis this: If you are an English major,you may not take your free électives inEnglish, you must go outside. In onesensé this looks absolutely Draconian.But you can also look at thecourse descriptions and realize that for2,700 students we offer, in an averageyear, 1,800 courses. It is an absolutelybewildering variety of opportunitiesopen to the student. From that side, itlooks like riotous freedom.Both things are true about this col lège. The key obviously cornes in requirements that are flexible. Thesecond important factor is that onemust provide superior advising, toguide the student through this thicket.Without good advising, the Collègedies. This year we will be examiningour advisory System, asking, Is thisthe best way to do it?When we shifted, fifteen yearsago, from a separate collège faculty toa joint faculty, the faculty said theywould be willing to teach and be in-volved in curricular discussions, butthey were not about to spend hoursworking through the College's morassof requirements. It takes a long time tomaster ail of our requirements, andwe're always changing them, so it'squite a job. So we moved to havingabout a dozen full-time advisers. Thismeans, since they are on the job 9a. m. -5 p. m., if a student wants to seehis adviser, the chances are good.That's very important to us. Secondly,they are knowledgeable about requirements. And each one has picked up acertain area of expertise.We hâve, in the best sensé of theword, a conservative student body. Itjust happens that our recruitment hasdrawn on a substantial number of people who hâve been attracted to this institution by talking to alumni, talkingto relatives of alumni, and the like,who corne hère with a certain vision ofthe place. It is not always an accuratevision, but it is why they came. Andthey don't want it changed. I suspectthat you could hâve a substantial voteon this campus, by collège students, toabolish ail électives and offer one hun-dred percent required courses. Thatcertainly is a unique student body. Myown students' task force on curriculumwants to bring in some outside speakers, and the first people they sug-gested were from St. John's Collège(Annapolis, MD), the ultimate puristin the gênerai éducation business.Our students hâve this enormousbelief in gênerai éducation; that is really what they came hère for. In part,we hâve to convince them, and thealumni, that we are faithful to that,with our diversity.We do not exactly hâve counter-parts. Sometimes, I think we make toomuch of our uniqueness. The line be-tween being unique and being nuts isa very thin one, and I'm not sure wealways corne off best, when we keepdwelling on that. I do think the things I've talkedabout are characteristic of the place.And thèse include: The College's constant préoccupation with curriculum;its concern for requirements, and ailthat implies. And the notion that aB.A. degree is, in some sensé, to bethought of as a terminal degree, that itought to be something which has anintegrity in and of itself.And it also is characteristic that ailof thèse things take place in a contextof responsible choice. We don't hâveto teach everything, we can teach any-thing, so long as we are clear, so longas we continue to test out why we areteaching what we teach. In so far asthèse continue to be characteristic ofthe Collège, we keep our faith withour tradition, and we are endlesslyrenewed. ¦Suggested further reading:Belknap, Robert and Kuhns, Richard. Tradition and Innovation: Général Education and theRéintégration of the University (ColumbiaUniversity Press 1977).Bell, Daniel. Rcformiug General Education(Columbia University Press, 1966).Boyer, E.L., and Kaplan, M. Educatmg forSurvival (Change Magazine Press, 1977).Ward, F. Champion, et al. The Idea and Prac-tice of General Education (The University ofChicago Press, 1950). (The classic statement ofChicago gênerai éducation. )Wegner, Charles. Libéral Education and theModem University (The University of Chicago Press, 1978). *Members of the Class of 1 984 .During Orientation Week, freshmen pick up box lunches before heading for joint sessions with their advisers.Welcome to the Class of 1984The 747 members of the Class of'84 arrived on campus Sunday,September 21 with parents andbelongings in tow. Greeted by Collègeorientation aides and Collège Housestaff, they moved into their dormitor-ies, appraised their roommates, pin-ned on name tags, and plunged into adizzying week of orientation.The new students lunched withtheir Collège advisers, met faculty incolloquia to discuss their aims oféducation and the Common Core,learned how to get around in HarperLibrary, and registered for their first-year courses. Ail of them were re-quired to take placement tests in for-eign languages, mathematics, physicalsciences, and physical éducation; andsome elected to take tests in calculus,biology, chemistry, and physics.But académies were only part ofthe orientation expérience. Freshmendanced (boogie, country, folk), pic-nicked, sampled the rich cinematicofferings on campus, frolicked at a co-ed athletic playday, and became ac-quainted with the people with whomthey will be spending the next fouryears.The Class of '84 is larger than lastyear's (which numbered 700 students),but proportionatelv, there are still twomen for every woman.More than eighty percent were in the top fifth of their high school class.More than forty-one percent — 267 students — were in the top five percent oftheir high school class. (108 were notranked.) Avéra ge scores on the Scho-lastic Aptitude Test (SAT) were 604 onthe Verbal, and 631 on Math. Seventypercent attended public schools; therest graduated from private or paro-chial institutions.Almost half of the entering class(forty-nine percent) are from the Mid-west (down from fifty-four percent lastyear), with thirty-two percent from Illinois. Twenty-seven percent corne fromthe Middle Atlantic States. Eight percent corne from New England, six percent each from the South and from theWest, two percent from the Southwest, and two percent from foreigncountries.Minority students make up morethan seventeen percent of the fresh-man class. Seventy-eight students areAsian; thirty-three are black (up fromtwenty-five last year); and twenty-oneare Hispanic (five more than last year).Nine percent of first-year studentshâve one or both parents who arealumni of the University. Two percenthâve a brother or sister who is analumnus, and five percent hâve otherrelatives who graduated from the University.In his welcoming remarks, Jonathan Z. Smith, dean of the Collège, told the freshmen what was spécial about their class."Through no particular merit orfault of your own, you bear a spécialmark. You hâve been invested with anail but mythic significance, for yourclass was named thirty-one years ago,when a dying journalist with the nomde plume of George Orwell penned thelast lines of a novel which depicted a'sour utopia'. It is stunning to realizethat we hâve reached that calendricalmoment when it is possible to déclarethat you are the Class of 1984."After quoting a passage fromOrwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, Smithwent on:"Orwell, throughout his work andmost particularly in Nineteen Eighty-Four, was preoccupied with those mostcharacteristic modes of human creativ-ity — language and history — and withthe chilling conséquences of the mis-use or misappropriation of their pow-er. For our world is constituted byspeech, by memory, by précèdent. It isnot simply 'there'. If they be cor-rupted, the world becomes corrupt aswell. If we cease to use thèse powersresponsibly, then we cease to be human. We become, in Orwell's term,'unconscious'.". . .If we are to resist both thecharacterization and the conséquencesiS UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/Novcmber 1980The Myth About the Collègeof Nineteen Eighty-Four, some of themost chilling passages of which Orwellcasts in the past tense, as already hav-ing happened, then we must be will-ing to make some affirmations and ex-pend some labor at achieving mindful-ness and consciousness. It is by an actof our will, through language and history, through words and memory, thatwe are able to fabricate the world andourselves. But there is a double senséto the word fabrication. It means bothto build and to lie. For though wehâve no other means than languagefor treating with the world, words arenot the same as that which they nameand describe. Though we hâve noother recourse but to memory, to précèdent, if the world is not forever tobe novel and, hence, forever unintel-ligible, the fit is never exact, nothing isever quite the same. What is needed,and is wholly lacking in the societythat Orwell describes, is the capacityfor judgement, for appreciating andcriticizing the relative adequacy andinsufficiency of any proposai of language or of memory."It is this task that we begintogether today. The acquisition of thepower of informed judgement, thedual capacities of appréciation and cri-ticism that must be the explicit goal ofail of our educational activitieswhether in the most basic or mostesoteric of our courses."In the internai rhetoric of theCollège of the University of Chicago,this triad, this concern for the criticaluse of language and memory, the never to be completed enterprise of hon-ing one's skill in judgement, is fre-quently termed gênerai éducation. Butmake no mistake about it. This is notthe particular province of any subsetof courses. This is not an endeavor ofyour first year which you are expectedto outgrow as soon as you reach yourmajority. To the contrary, hère, in thiscollège, gênerai éducation is our common purpose that informs what we doour first year, our fourth year, ouryears as students, our years as faculty.The critical, conscious use of language,memory and judgement is our collective responsibility, whether we arewriting our first course paper or refin-ing a model at the very frontier of re-search.". . .At the heart of this enterpriseis the knowledge of and the ability tocompare a variety of figures and disciplines as they seek to persuade us asto what is the case. A study area in Regenstein Library.There is a mythology about theCollège, which does not meshwith the facts, but which exists,nonetheless. And that is the belief thatstudents who are in the Collège don'tdo anything but study.I've been very puzzled by it, because when I drew up a list of whatgoes on hère in the way of extracur-ricular activity, what I found was stag-gering. With the exception of a vividfraternity life, or an intense intercol-legiate football schedule, what goes onhère would match, or surpass, theactivities at any collège in the country.But our students persist in seeingthemselves as people who work hard-er than students anywhere else. Theyhâve this vision of themselves as beingat Regenstein Library from 6:00 a. m.until 6:00 a. m. the next morning.If my students are spending ailthat time on their work, it's not show-ing, because, frankly, their work is not". . .we will labor together in thehope that we may become bettercitizens, individuals who know notonly that the world is more complexthan it first appears, but also thattherefore interpretive décisions mustbe made, décisions of judgementwhich entail real conséquences and forwhich one must take responsibility.We will labor together at every level ofour enterprise in the hope that wemay become individuals who refuse toflee from this responsibility by thedodge of disclaiming expertise, by thedodge of proclaiming irrelevance, by that much différent from that of mystudents whom I taught elsewhere.We are an utterly characteristic institution. But our students acquire thatperception of themselves as soon asthey arrive, and they cheerfully clingto it, while taking part in this enor-mous range of outside activities.One young student was complain-ing to me."There's nothing to do hère," hesaid."Didn't I see you at Doc Films lastnight?" I asked."Well, yes.""And haven't I seen you out onthe Midway in the soccer intramu-rals?""Well, yes . . ."And he quickly changed the topic.He sees himself as part of themyth, and he didn't want me to des-troy it.Jonathan Z. Smiththe dodge of easy cynicism or relati-vism; that we may be found to be individuals who stand under a solemncovenant to be endlessly conscious, torefuse to relax, to be lulled, to becomecareless. If we fail, Nineteen Eighty-Fourwill not just be a novelist's nightmare,it will become the world in which wehâve chosen to dwell."It is my privilège on behalf of theCollège to invite you to join us in thisendeavor, and by this invitation towish you many years of exhilaratingdamned hard work." ¦9James W. Cronm, SM'53, PhD'55Cronin Shares Nobel Prize In PhysicsWhen University professorJames W. Cronin, SM'53,PhD'55, leamed at 5:30 a. m.on October 14 that he had won theAlfred Nobel Mémorial Prize in physics,he didn't let the news alter his morningplans. He attended Professor S. Chan-drasekhar's class on gênerai relativitybecause, he said, "I always wanted toknow more about the subject." Then hemet with the press.Cronin, who is University Professor in the Department of Physics, theEnrico Fermi Institute and the Collège,shared the prize with Val L. Fitch ofPrinceton University for a stunning expérimental discovery having to dowith the principle of time reversaisvmmetrv. The experiment was carriedout on the high energy accelerator atBrookhaven National Laboratory inLong Island, NY and the findingsannounced in 1964, when Cronin wason the faculty at Princeton University.What Cronin and Fitch dis-covered, in a séries of délicate and in-genious measurements, was a rare de-cav process in which a "long-lived"neutral K-meson disintegrates into a pair of pi mesons. The K and pimesons are sub-nuclear particles pro-duced in high energy collisions. Thèseparticles, which hâve a life measuredin the hundredths of millionths andbillionths of seconds, decay and trans-form in patterns that physicists studyfor dues to the underlying physicallaws and symmetries of nature.According to scientific théories onthe principles of symmetry, natureshows no préférence for going in onedirection as opposed to another. Whatthe Cronin-Fitch discovery revealedwas a breakdown, a violation, of thistenet of physics.The tiny violation of time reversaisymmetry Cronin and Fitch found mayhâve staggering implications on a cos-mological scale.The big bang theory of créationholds that the universe began as a resuit of a giant explosion thirteen billion years ago. The matter created bythe explosion has been moving awayfrom the point of the explosion, form-ing galaxies and stars.Scientists hâve wondered how theuniverse could hâve survived the ini tial few seconds of its birth for, according to the principles of symmetry,matter and anti-matter should hâveannihilated each other. Cronin's andFitch's discovery of the violation oftime reversai invariance, takentogether with other theoretical de-velopments, may explain this imbalance of matter over antimatter inthe early history of the big bang.Cronin is the forty-eighth Nobellauréate to be affiliated with the University. He has taught hère since 1971.Cronin was born in Hyde Park in 1931when his father, James Farley Cronin,PhD'34, was a graduate student at theUniversity in classical languages.Cronin first became interested inphysics in high school."I had an excellent high schoolphysics teacher, Charles H. Marshall, atHighland Park High School in Dallas,Texas," he said. "I don't think décisions to pursue a career are made in abinary fashion; you just continue to dowhat you like, and for me, that was in-evitably to become a physicist."Cronin received his bachelor's degree in physics from Southern10 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/November 1980Methodist University in 1951, and thenreturned to Hyde Park and the University to obtain his master's and doctoral degrees.Cronin starts his working day byjogging "just exactly two miles. Ithelps me to wake up," he said. Heworks mostly on campus, in his officein the High Energy Physics building,but conducts his experiments at theFermi National Accelerator Laboratoryin Batavia, IL.For the past year and a half,Cronin and a colleague hâve beenconstructing apparatus for a new ex-periment."Professor Bruce Winstein[associate professor in the Departmentof Physics, the Enrico Fermi Institute,and the Collège] and I are building avery large new experiment to exploresome of the same issues that werethere sixteen years ago but now wehâve more sophisticated technologyavailable to us," said Cronin. "We willbe trying, with renewed vigor andgreater précision, to see whether thereare more parameters which might de-scribe the CP asymmetry, or the timereversai."Cronin and his wife, Annette,coordinator of spécial events in theUniversity Office of Public Information, hâve three children: Dan, ten, astudent at the Lab School; Emily,twenty-one, a junior at the Universityof Minnesota; and Cathryn,twenty-five, a market analyst in NewYork.Accompanied by his entire family,Cronin will travel to Stockholm,Sweden to accept the prize, in formaicérémonies on December 10, theanniversary of Alfred Nobel's death.The prize carries a record cashaward of $212,000. When asked whathe would do with the money, Croninsaid he planned to use part of it to in-stall plumbing in a cabin he owns inWisconsin, where he spends skiweekends.For readers who may enjoy a more detailed description of the work of Cronin and Fitch,Robert Bernstein SM'78, a doctoral candidate inthe Department of Physics, has provided us iviththe following:Symmetries and conservation lawshâve long played an importantrôle in physics. A loose définition of a "symmetry" is somethingyou can do to a System and notchange it; a "conservation law" states The tiny violationof time reversaisymmetry whichCronin and Fitchfound may hâvestaggeringimplications on acosmological scale.that some quantity associated with theSystem doesn't change with time.Macroscopic examples of symmetries we are familiar with include spacetranslation and time translation symmetry; that is, the laws of physicsdon't dépend on where or when theyare applied. If you let go of a bail, itdrops; it doesn't matter where orwhen you drop it. An example of amacroscopic conservation law is conservation of matter and energy; if youeat too much, you don't get lighter. Itturns out that time translation symmetry implies conservation of energy;the symmetry and the conservationlaw are expressions of the same thing.Violations of conservation laws hâvealways been useful in physics; theypoint toward new laws, new phe-nomena, and new questions. JamesCronin's and Val Fitch's discovery of aviolation of what was thought to be afundamental symmetrv of nature re-sulted in ail of thèse.In addition to macroscopic symmetries, there are microscopic ones inthe realm of quantum phenomena.Three that are of interest are chargeconjugation symmetry, parity con:servation, and time reversai symmetry.Charge conjugation ('C') turns particles into antiparticles; that C is a goodsymmetry means that a scientist madeof antimatter gets the same answers ashis matter counterpart. Paritv conservation ('P') in particle physicsmeans that left and right, and up anddown are indistinguishable. Thisdoesn't mean that left and right handgloves are the same, or that balls flyup; it does mean that a nucleus whichdecays throws off decav products upas often as down, and left as often as right. Time invariance ('T') is moresubtle. It says that there is no uniquedirection to time. Macroscopicallv weknow that this is false; we aren't get-ting any younger. But microscopicallvthe basic interactions look time-reversible. An analogy is to imagine afilm of two ping-pong balls collidingand flying apart. Running the filmbackwards won't look strange; you seethe same thing with the film in for-ward or reverse, a perfectly reasonablefilm of two things moving together,bouncing off each other, and movingapart.Historically, it was long assumedthat C, P, and T were separatelv con-served in ail elementarv processes.However, in 1957 it was discovered inthree simultaneous experiments bv V.L. Telegdi hère at the University, andbv C. Wu and L. M. Lederman at Columbia that parity was violated inweak interactions. (Weak interactionsare responsible for the decay of nuclei.Chen Ning Yang, PhD'48, and Tsung-Dao Lee, PhD'50, won the Nobel Prizefor suggesting the search for parityviolation). Now there is a theorem,called the CPT theorem, that savs thateven if one or more of C, P, or T isviolated, the combined symmetry CPTis good. CPT is derived from somevery simple assumptions about spaceand time and giving it up would createenormous problems; right now there isno évidence for its violation. To violateCP, it turns out you hâve to violate Tto get CPT conserved. No one wantedto hâve a time violation, so CP wasproposed as a symmetry of nature.In 1955, Murray Gell-Mann andAbraham Pais had predicted that thereshould be two types of neutral K-mesons, [a meson is a strongly inter-acting particle] Kï and Kl, and in 1957Lee, Reinhard Oehme (professor in theDepartment of Physics and the EnricoFermi Institute), and Yang pointed outthat they should be distinguished bytheir CP properties. The requirement ofCP conservation demands that K° neverdecays into two pi-mesons. This makesthe K? longer-lived than its counterpartK°; the ratio of half-lives is 600.The discovery of the forbidden decay was made in 1964 by a Princetongroup consisting of J. Christenson, J.Cronin, V. Fitch, and R. Turlav atBrookhaven National Laboratory inUpton, NY. In order to understand theexperiment, we must understand howthe K? mesons are produced, what is11WaterScintillator -\CerenkovMagnet57 Ft. to . Internai Targel Hélium BagPlan View of the Detector ArrangementFigure 1 Illustrations reproditced by permission of Ihe American PhysicalSociety, from Phvsica] Review Letters Vol 13 No 4, 27 luly1%4.'Figure 2 494<m*<504jMrJHi^/^ 20'10-504<m*<514 ¦10A <A*fLr-^ ïïphnT^0.9996 0.9998 1 .00000.9997 0.9999cosO exceeding .9995.produced in the decay, and how thedecay is detected and analyzed.A beam of Kt mesons is producedby striking a target with a beam of in-coming protons (a beam is just agroup of particles travelling in somedefinite direction). Some of the protons hit nuclei in the target and make(among other things) K° and K?mesons. Recall that K° hâve a shorterhalf-life than K?; thus if we go farenough away from the target, enoughtime has elapsed for ail the Kf mesonsto hâve decayed, leaving a beam ofessentially pure K.%.The decay which was studied wasK? decay into a pair of pi-mesons, onepositively charged and one negativelycharged. The apparatus which detected the decays is shown in Figure 1.Only decays which occurred in theHélium bag were used (the Héliumbag was there for technical reasonswhich aren't important for us). Thetwo outgoing pi-mesons went into thetwo 'arms' of the apparatus. Each armhas a pair of spark chambers and amagnet. The spark chamber gave aspark when a charged particle passedthrough it; the locations of the sparksin space were then measured. Mesonsof a given energy were bent into anew direction of flight by the magnet,and bv measuring the locations of theparticles in the spark chambers before and after the magnet, the size of thebend and hence the energy was measured.The product of the analysis is twonumbers. One is the mass of the particle which is decayed, and the other isits direction with respect to the direction of the incoming beam. If the twopi-meson decay had occurred, the de-caying particle should be at 0° to thebeam and hâve the mass of the K2(about half of the proton mass).The expérimental results, from theoriginal paper, are shown in Figure 2.Hère the data are split into threeranges of mass, indicated by m*. Thetop graph is for a range just belowthe K? mass of 498. The middle graphincludes the K? mass, and the bottomone is above the K? mass. In eachgraph, the number of events (an eventis something that, after a quick ex-amination, looks like a possible decay;it has to be studied carefully later) isplotted as a function of cos0, theangle to the beam; a particle travellingwith the beam is at 0°, or cos0= 1. Ailthree graphs hâve a small number ofevents, due to measurement errorsand other decays of the K?. It is clearthat the graph at the K? mass has anexcess of events at 0°; this is the signature of the forbidden decay. The sizeof the effect has two parts in athousand, but CP was clearly violated. The importance of the discoverywas indicated by the number of ex-planations offered to avoid violatingCP. One physicist suggested that a flybuzzing around in the Hélium bagcould hâve faked the effect; the ex-planation was dropped when it wasdetermined that the fly would hâve tohâve the density of tungsten. Even-tually it was apparent that only CPviolation could explain the experiment.CP violation has persisted as achallenge for physics. It has not beenexplained in any satisfying way. It re-quires any theory of fundamentalforces to explain it, which places manyconstraints on possible théories. CPviolation gives us a new view of theuniverse; it provides an absolute distinction between matter and antimat-ter, and through the CPT theorem,provides an absolute direction to timeon the microscopic level. Finally, thematter-antimatter distinction may playa rôle in cosmology; it may be that theapparent excess of matter over anti-matter in the universe can be under-stood by CP violation favoring the production of matter. The tiny CP effect,working early in the universe, mayhâve created the enormous excess ofmatter we see today. ¦Robert Bernstein12 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/November 1980Beverly Jo Splane, AB'67, MBA'69,new Alumni Association président.A conversation with Beverly SplaneON FUTURES OF VARIOUS KINDSOn Friday, October 11, BeverlyJo Splane, AB'67, MBA'69,was elected président of TheUniversity of Chicago Alumni Association. On the following Wednesday,(having taken a day away from her jobas executive vice-président of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange), she arrivedon campus for a 9:00 a. m. meetingwith Jonathan Fanton, vice-présidentfor Académie Resources and Institu-tional Planning. At 10:15 a. m. Splanearrived at Robie House for a séries ofget-acquainted meetings with theAlumni Affairs staff. After most of thestaff left at 5 p. m., Splane remainedbehind, working her way through alarge stack of papers concerning alumni matters. When she left at 6:30 p. m.she took along an additional stack ofpapers, for homework. "YouTl be seeing a lot of me inthe next six weeks," Splane told theAlumni Affairs staff.It is characteristic of Splane, whenshe tackles a new job, to plunge into itwith vigor, thoroughness, and totalconcentration. Moreover, 9:00 a. m. to6:00 p. m. is a short working day forSplane, who confesses she is nowdown to "ten-hour days, five days aweek" on her current job. On most ofher jobs, including this one for thefirst several years, she has usually putin twelve to fifteen-hour days, sevendays a week.In person, Splane is friendly andrelaxed. Large brown eyes peer outfrom under a mop of brown wavyhair. She punctuates her talk with aneasy laugh.A séries of "happy accidents," she says, helped in her choice of a collège,and later, in job opportunities."I had an uncle who was a student in the Divinity School at the University, and one summer I came tovisit him from my home in Flint,Michigan. The campus was beautiful,and I fell in love with it. It was theonly collège to which I applied. I knewnothing about gênerai éducation, norabout the program in the Collège. Chicago was far enough away so that myparents wouldn't be dropping in everyweekend, nor expecting me home. Itwas the bad basis for a décision, but agood décision," she said.Splane majored in Chinese lan-guages and literature after having con-sidered or tried four other majors.While in the Collège, she man-aged to get a part-time job in the13Graduate School of Business, as aclerk-tvpist, despite the fact that shewas a poor tvpist. It was a fatefulstroke of luck."My whole life has been formedby that job, which I got when I wasseventeen."While working for the GSB,Splane became fascinated by administrative work, and eventuallv enrolledthere as a graduate student."I reallv loved studving Chinese,but I realized that I faced a future oflibrary research for the rest of my life,since at the time, Americans couldn'tgo to China. That didn't appeal to me;I like to be where there's action. Atthe GSB, I'd observe the corporate re-cruiters who came to campus, and Iwas fascinated, particularlv by thepeople from Citibank, in New York.They were ail bright, polished, andaggressive. 1 wanted to grow up to bejust like them."Instead of Citibank, Splane joinedthe Boston Consulting Group, aftershe earned her MBA."The Boston Consulting Group isan international consulting group thatspecializes in corporate strategy, whichthey define as a massive commitmentof resources to accomplish a singleobjective," Splane explained."They are not involved in planning, but rather, in stratégie décisions.They advise a firm on what productsshould be developed, what marketsshould be attacked, which competitorsshould be met and which should beavoided. Thev advise on ail the majordécisions which a companv makes."It was very headv expérience fora twenty-five-vear-oid, and I enjoyed itvery much. We were organized intocase teams, with a vice-président asthe leader, but since in those days theaverage âge of the whole firm was thelate twenties, there was no big hierar-chy to work your way up to"We were advising the chief executive officers of major corporations,but the best part of the job, and thereason 1 chose it was because it was ahighlv analvtical job," she said. "1 wasso impressed when I went in for interviews, because they were whippingout their books and graphs, showingme how their ideas were evolving andwhere thev had applicabilitv to thereal world. Everv time we dealt with aclient, we not only told him what heshould do, but we taught him ail thelogic and analvsis that went into that recommendation, so that even if hedidn't do a spécifie thing, he hadlearned something from the association."Next, Splane moved to the Harvard University School of Business,where she spent a vear as director ofcareer development."I didn't enjoy that," she said. "Itwas the most politieized institutionI've ever been in, much more so thanthe fédéral government or the WhiteHouse."In August, 1974, through another"happy accident" Splane wound upbeing appointed staff assistant to Président Gerry Ford, and associate director of the White House personneloffice."My whole lifehas beenformed bythat job,which I got whenI wasseventeen/'"I got that job because of myfriendship with Jeff Metcalfe, who wasthen dean of students in the GraduateSchool of Business. He had earlier en-couraged me to get mv MBA, and hadhelped me get funding, and to earnmonev."The White House decided theyneeded a female, to be an executive re-cruiter for the président, to replace awoman who was leaving. The peoplein the White House called executiveresearch firms around the country,looking for someone. Karlyn Metcalfe,Jeff s wife, happened to be doing somework for one of thèse firms in Chicago, and was in the president's officewhen the call came in. So she said, Tknow someone . . . and gave themmv name."I happen to be a registered Re-publican, which was one of the requi-sites. Shortlv afterwards, they offeredme the job."I turned the job down at first,because I didn't want to specialize in recruiting women. So they came backand said, 'Ail right, you can be a regu-lar grown-up professional recruiter,but don't forget, we need women inthe administration.' So I took the job."It was quite an expérience. Iwent in there full of idealism, at theâge of twenty-nine old enough toknow better. I thought that the call ofpublic service would be heard acrossthe land, and the best people wouldrespond to it."On my very first venture, I rec-ommended a University of Chicagoalumna. The next thing I knew therewas a very irate man on the phonesaying, 'She's a Democrat!' I arguedthat she had ail this talent, and hekept repeating, 'She's a Democrat,'and that was the end of that."The second thing I had to learnwas that relationships and appear-ances in Washington are very important. I spent about eighty percent ofmv time doing courtesy interviews.Senators do not want to offend verypowerful constituents, so they getthem interviews at the White House.It's one wav of repaying any debtsthey owe to thèse constituents. Theperson then can think, 'My senator gotme this interview.'"I had to do my serious workaround the edges of thèse interviews."As part of her job, Splane had torecruit five commissioners for the new-ly created Commodities Futures Trading Commission, a regulatory agency."So I started reading législationand textbooks, to find out what futures trading was ail about," saidSplane. "And it turned out to be theonly other thing in my life that was asintriguing as studying Chinese."Président Ford had a theory atthat time that one shouldn't choose, asthe head of an agency, anyone whoknows anything about the subject matter he's supposed to be managing, because then he won't be subject topressure from interest groups."Well, we found someone whodidn't know anything about futures,so he came to Washington to take thejob and said, 'Tell me what I'm supposed to do.'"I spent two solid days just givinghim background, and at the end ofthis time, he asked me to work forhim. He was chairman of the agency,and I became the first executive director."While searching for the five com-14 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/November 1980missioners for the new agency, Splanehad become acquainted with most ofthe people in the futures trading field.Just as she was about to settle into hernew job, she received a job offer fromLéo Melamed, then chairman of theChicago Mercantile Exchange. The executive vice-président of CME wasabout to retire; would Splane considerbeing his replacement?Since late 1975, Splane has heldthe post of executive vice-président ofthe Chicago Mercantile Exchange.Splane explained what the futurestrading market is ail about:"A futures contract is one whichis traded on an organized exchange.There is a commitment from two parties, one to buy and the other to sell aspécifie commodity on a spécifie datein the future. What they are trading isthe price at which this contract will beconsummated."Ail of this takes place on a trading floor, in a pif, by compétitive openoutery. If a person wishes to buy acontract, he will call out the price atwhich he is willing to buy, and theperson wishing to sell calls out theprice at which he is willing to sell.When there is a match, they establisheye contact with each other and shout:'Buy'em!' or 'Sell'em!' And thus, theyhâve created a futures contract, whichthe two of them will, at the appropri-ate time, consummate."Everything is sold as a future fordelivery in a spécifie month. For instance, we talk about trading Junegold, September gold, December gold,and March gold — the date indicatesthe month in which the contract willbe honored."The futures market grew on thebasis of livestock futures. At first, people traded such things as frozen porkbellies. Then they decided to trade inlive animais, which was a great innovation. First they traded cattle, nowthey also trade hogs. Since 1972 therehâve been futures contracts offered onfinancial instruments, which first be-gan with foreign currencies."I don't do exactly what I'm sup-posed to do [at CME]," said Splane. "Ishould try to project what the future isgoing to look like, and be sure that weare there, ready with what will beneeded to handle it. Instead, I spendmy time firefighting. I hâve six vice-présidents who report to me, and theyin turn hâve people who report tothem who do most of the work on a day-to-day basis without any controlby me."But except for the annual budget-ing plans, we are always having un-foreseen things happen."Among the "unforeseen" happenings, from time to time, are accusationsof manipulation of the market, con-gressional charges, and opportunitiesto do services for other exchanges,which might be profitable to CME. Ailof thèse require Splane's involvement."We've had several congressmensuggest lately that the futures marketwas organized to systematically stealmoney from farmers. We hâve to détermine what the nature of the re-sponse will be."BUSINESS WEEKnamedSplane one ofthe "100Top CorporateWomen"in 1976.In 1976, BUSINESS WEEK namedSplane one of the "100 Top CorporateWomen" in the United States. In aninterview in Chicago Business, TheGraduate School of Business biweekly,Splane, asked about the value of herMBA, replied:"I hâve changed my mind steadilyas I've gotten more and more senior inmy own career. When I left businessschool, I went to the Boston Consulting Group and felt that I'd wasted twoyears and $5,000. The only thing Ifound really useful was accounting because no matter what firm you're look-ing at or what you're looking at it for,you need to know what its financialstatements are telling you."Now, I find I use a lot of what Ilearned in business school as chiefoperating officer of this institution[CME]. The vice-président for publicrelations and advertising works for meas does the vice-président for opérations who has ail the computer Sys tems, accounting department, and personnel management."Everybody cornes to me for coordination, priority setting, and direction. I need to know the concepts ofadvertising, for instance. Will onedramatic ad do the same thing as aséries of répétitive promotions? I'vefound the MBA taught me what questions to ask. I learned a lot more than1 thought I was learning, and it's ailcoming back to me."Despite her intensely busy profes-sional life, Splane has managed, overthe years, to find time to do alumniwork for the University."I started right after graduateschool. The GSB called me, and askedme to interview prospective students,or to attend a Boston collèges graduatenight, representing the University.And they asked me to help raisefunds, in a very limited way. In atypical pattern, they would send mefive names, and ask me to call thèsepeople. I was glad to do it, but if theUniversity had called and asked me tobecome involved in alumni affairs, Iwould hâve said I don't hâve the time,I'm trying to build my career, and it'staking ail my energy. But to be askedto do an hour's work one evening ayear, that was something I was willingto do," she said.Splane has served on the executive committee of the Alumni Association Cabinet for the past three years.She also has listed her name with theUniversity career placement office, in-dicating her willingness to counsel students who seek advice about careers inher field. And she's agreed to helpfind summer jobs for students; lastsummer, the CME hired two collègestudents.Splane plans to bring her organi-zational and managerial skills to bearon the Alumni Association."I hope to systematize our effortsby going out and giving spécifie, discrète pièces of work to alumni, includ-ing those who are not presently active," Splane said. "I operate on theassumption that I'm fairly typical as analumna. I don't hâve a burning passion to be involved in alumni affairs,but I am very fond of the University,and I want to repay it somehow."Splane was elected to a two-yearterm as président of the Alumni Association. It promises to be a busy twoyears. ¦15Merry Christmas from Geoffrey Chaucer,Mark Twain, Pablo Picasso,Davy Crockett, and Walter Blair.In mid-July there appeared in themailboxes of some lucky persons inthe University community a smalltan envelope on which was stampedthe message DO NOT OPEN UNTILCHRISTMAS. Noting the senders'names in the upper-left hand corner,the récipients gleefully tore open theenvelopes on the spot. (As the sendershad hoped they would.)"It's his whole oeuvre!" gaspedone.Well, not quite.For the past thirty years WalterBlair, AM '26, PhD '31, professoremeritus of English, former chairmanof the Department of English, dean ofscholars of American humor, leadingauthority on Mark Twain, author, andraconteur, has been delighting hisfriends, relatives, "and a few enemies"with his specially designed, hand-drawn Christmas cards.The cards repeat a unique thème.There is depicted on each a famousperson, either from history or fiction.And on each card there is alwaysanother familiar face — Walter Blair's.Sometimes, Blair is sharing the spot-light with the famous person; sometimes he is the famous person. Overthe years, Blair, in the person ofHuckleberry Finn, Johnny Appleseed,Davy Crockett, Sir Walter Raleigh,Eustace Tilley, and a host of others,has smirked, leered, and peered out athis audience, always bearing affection-ate yuletide greetings from himselfand his equally irrépressible spouse,Carol.This year Carol Blair convincedher husband to gather together thedrawings for his Christmas card séries,and to publish them in a small book,as the current Christmas greeting. Theproject was finished in Julv, and theBlairs decided not to wait to mail it.Blair has been amusing himself,and others, with his sketches for morethan seventy years. (He's eighty.)"I think you should know," saysCarol, smiling over her drink in thecozv living room of the Blairs' Hyde Park apartment, "that Walter was sentto the principal's office in the thirdgrade for drawing an éléphant, insteadof studying."Blair has been doodling since.Much of his "work" was produced oncampus, "to keep me awake" duringcountless faculty meetings. Blair alsoadmits to having doodled while listen-ing to hapless PhD candidates, duringthe latters' oral exams."Scared the hell out of them," hesays, with a sly grin. "They alwaysthought I was taking copious notes."Actually, Carol is the artist in thefamily. She graduated from the Art Institute of Chicago. In their apartment,coffee tables and walls are adornedwith several charming pastel miniatures, which are her work.But the Christmas cards and doo-dles are, for the most part, Blair's créations. Occasionally, a Blair drawingwill show two signatures, Walter's andCarol's, or merely an added "C.B." in-dicating she has helped. One time, forinstance, Blair had 250 cards printed,and the snow he intended to portraydid not show up on the blue back-ground.Together, the Blairs drew in 750little blobs of snow, (on the heads ofthe couple and the dog in the picture.)As an undergraduate at Yale, Blairhad yearnings for a career as a humor-ist. He edited The Yale Record, the campus humor magazine. But when hecame to the University as a graduatestudent, while studying Americanliterature he became intrigued withAmerican humor."In my opinion, American humorwas an area that had not been proper-ly explored," he recalled. "That wasone reason it was very tempting. Youdidn't need to read a lot of secondarystuff; you could read primary stuff andget ideas about it without other peoplegetting in your way. You didn't hâveto read ail this damned scholarshipand criticism by other people."In a séries of books, written whilehe taught at the University, (1929-71), Blair established himself as a historianand critic of American humor. He wasthe first to recognize the potential forscholarly inquiry into the subject."Walter pioneered Americanhumor both as a subject matter forscholarship and as appropriate material for classroom study," says HamlinHill, PhD'59, chairman of the Department of English and professor of English and American studies at the University of New Mexico, a former student of Blair's and most recently, hiscollaborator. (They wrote America'sHumor: From Poor Richard to Doones-bury.)In the préface to his first compre-hensive work on American humor, Native American Humor (1937), Blair wrote:"The term, 'American humor,' likemany another term in gênerai use, ismore easily understood than defined.As it is usually employed, it does notmean ail humor produced in America,since much humor originating in thiscountry is not in any way marked byits place of origin. Nor does it meanhumor with characteristics discover-able in the comedy of no otherland, since apparently there is no suchhumor. It means humor which isAmerican in that it has an emphatic'native quality' — a quality imparted byits subject matter and technique. Itssubject matter is national in the senséindicated in 1838 by a writer who washailing the beginning of this type ofwriting. Said this writer, an Englishcritic:Humour is national when it isimpregnated with the convictions, cus-toms, and associations of a nation. . ."American humor — in this senséof the term — did not corne into wide-spread existence until about 1830,more than two hundred years afterJohn Smith wrote the first Americanbook. In other words, though the col-onists were more prolific of humorthan is generally supposed, the begin-nings of this type of writing came late.And they were long coming becausemost American authors failed for a16 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/November 1980MerryChristmasCarol&WalterOn a Blair Christmas card, artist Walter Blair appears (left) dressed in N.Y., ca. 1890. He has just told the humor ist some of his théories abouta costume borrowed from William Dean Howells. Comments the artist: Huckleberry Finn, heuce Mark's expression.""He is shoion visiting Mark Twain in his summer home in Elmira,Ho Ho Hoand ail thatCarol Walter ,&Pablo17ChristmasGreetingsfromCarol and WalterBlair as Henry VIII.long time to perceive the richest com-edy about them or to discover a technique which revealed that comedy."Altogether, Blair has written or co-authored eight books, edited or co-edited seventeen volumes, and is theauthor of numerous scholarly articles.His writing career has spanned fif-ty-two years, and he's still goingstrong. His first book, The Sweet Singerof Michigan: The Collected Poems of JuliaA. Moore (P. Covici) appeared in 1928.His most récent book, James RussellEowell (Scribner's) was published lastyear.He's working on another bookwith colleague Raven I. McDavid, professor emeritus in the Departments ofEnglish and Linguistics, and editor ofThe Linguistic Atlas of the United States(The University of Chicago Press,1979)."The deadline is January 15, 1981,and I think we're going to make it,"said Blair. "We're using Carol's titlefor it, which Oxford University Pressturned down. But the University ofMinnesota Press liked it. We're callingit The Mirth of a Nation."One of Blair's books, Mike Fink,King of Mississippi Keelboatmen, co-authored with F. J. Meine (1933, re-printed by Greenwood Press, 1971),was bought for the movies, but never made it to the screen.Several of his books hâve sold inthe hundreds of thousands. One, TallTaie America (Coward McCann, 1944) isin its twenty-sixth édition, and hassold over 300,000 copies. DuringWorld War II the U.S. Army issued itin paperback; in a German languagepaperback version, it has sold morethan 30,000 copies."There's another book movingaround on the edges of my mind. I dobits of research on it, but it hasn'tcorne clear yet. If I live long enough,maybe I'il write it," says Blair.Although he still retains an officeon campus Blair prefers to work athome."I hâve a cluttered room hère,that my wife refuses to enter. I amattached to Regenstein Library, as if itwere an umbilical cord. My wife willtell you, we stay in this city with itshorrible climate because I can't detachmyself from that library."Sipping his old-fashioned, Blairtalked about his work:"In ail literary historiés one is în-terested in two things. One of thèse iscontinuum. What is it that runsthrough thèse writings? And the otheris, how do thèse things change overtime? "One of the things I got most ex-cited about in a récent book is thatAmerica's humor contains types ofcomedy that go back to ancient Gre-cian times. Like most of our stuff, itwas carried across the océan. Whenpeople migrated to thèse shores, theymodified their ways to conform to newpatterns of living. They modified theirhumor as well. People hadn't noticedthat in the old rural relationships,there were mutations of this type ofhumor, so it tickled me to find it."(For Blair's analysis of this type ofhumor, see P. 20 .)For more than forty years Blair re-mained the leading and most influen-tial scholar on native American humor.Today, most of the leading scholars inthe field of American humor studiesare former students of Blair's. Amongthem, besides Hamlin Hill, are: LéonDickinson, AM'34, PhD'45, professorof English, The University of Missouri;John Gerber, PhD'41, professor of English and chairman of the Departmentof English at SUNY, Albany, and M. F.Carpenter Profesor of English at theUniversity of Iowa; William Gibson,AM'34, PhD'40, professor of English,The University of Wisconsin; and Lar-zer Ziff, AM'50, PhD'55, professor ofEnglish, The University of Pennsylva-18 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/November 1980Blair recently told an audiencethat the best way to enjoy Mark Twainis to read him aloud. To the delight ofhis listeners, Blair proceeded to do justthat.("He's a born ham," commentsCarol, drily, as Blair, in response to aguest's questions, launches in a deep,rolling bass, into an impromptu recitation of "John L. Sullivan, Strong Boyof Boston.")"Twain himself suggested oneshould read him aloud," explainedBlair. "In an article he wrote on William Dean Howells, who he thoughtwas probably the second greatest writer in the world — it's obvious who hethought was the greatest — he said theway to appreciate his style was tosavor it and read it aloud. He wastalking about Howells, but you knowwhen an author talks favorably aboutanother author, he says things thatapply to himself, or that he believesdo. When he accuses another writer ofdoing something bad, it's somethinghe takes pride in not doing. Authorsare terribly egotistical. They hâve to beto expect people to read their damnbooks."Hamlin Hill recalls Blair as ateacher:"He is one of the funniest joke- tellers in the world. Of course, that'sbecause he has the Mark Twainmethod down himself — total deadpanhumor. It always took a little while forhis classes to figure it out, but theywould finally realize he was havinggreat fun, and then his students hadgreat fun, too."One student recalls Blair's "out-rageous" puns. Blair once referred toformer student Philip Roth's novel,Letting Go, (which takes place at theUniversity), as The Gripes of Roth.And Blair loved to recount how,as a graduate student, to supplémenthis income he wrote for a local encyc-lopedia firm. As an inducement toministers, the firm offered a fifty-twoweek supply of sermons, as a pre-mium. Blair was the author of thèsesermons, and was hugely delightedwhen his sister, who lived in a townin the Pacific Northwest where thepreacher had purchased the encyc-lopedia, commented on the suddenimprovement in the quality of the localdivine's sermons.In a spécial issue of Studies inAmerican Humor (April, 1975, published by Southwest Texas State University), which was dedicated to Blair,Hill, as guest editor, wrote in an introduction entitled "Some Flapdoodle forWalter": "His classes taught us that,although American humor was a se-rious business, the art of teaching con-sisted in large part in informality, inlighthearted dialogue which mighteven withstand large doses of sly,deadpan, usually outrageous humor —frequently in the form of surreal illustrations on the blackboard that accom-panied his lectures. The secret wasthat he cared: papers came back deco-rated with comments in a rainbowspectrum of ballpoint pens. . . His vastknowledge of American humor andMark Twain's wasn't simply his; it be-longs even now to his students, former students and letter-writers whosimply inquire, asking his help. WhatWalter did. . .is remind us ail that exhaustive research and académie integrity are not synonomous withpedantry. . ."Of course, no one's absolutelyperfect. And before Walter's well-rehearsed false modesty absolutelyshatters, let it be recorded that he willcommit inexcusable puns without theslightest hint of shame, that he has co-authored a mystery novel under thepseudonym Mortimer Post, and thathe has been known to cheat small chil-dren at tic-tac-toe — but only after theyhâve cheated first." ¦Felicia A. HoltonCarol and Walter Blair19Americanized Comic BraggartsA historian of American humor traces the origins of somefavorite "ring-tailed roarers" and debunksthe notion that they were "native" to thèse shores.Naturalists sav that bv nature the lionroars, the snake hisses, the bear growls,by nature the bull bellows, the horseneighs, the wolf howls, the dog barks;and that by nature Captain Fear alwaysthreatens and always menaces. . . Since 1am by nature threatener, slasher, slayerand killer, 1 hâve to slash, slay, quarterand eut to pièces some human créatureevery day.— The Boasts of Captain Fearof Hcll Gulch (1607)I'm a leetle the sa vagest crittur you everdid see. . . I can outlook a panther andoutstare a flash of lightning; tote a steam-boat on my back and play at rough andtumble with a lion. . . Goliath was a pret-ty hard coït but I could choke him. . . Ican walk like an ox, run like a fox, swimlike an eel, yell like an Indian, fight like adevil, and spout like an earthquake,make love like a mad bull. . .— Speech of Colonel Crockettin Congress,Davy Crockett's Almanack (1837)During nearly two centuries,American storytellers hâve cele-brated comic figures, ebullientshowoffs who turned up on one frontierafter another — in the old South, in Ken-tucky and Tennessee, along the great in-land rivers, in the mountains and themines and on the prairies. Often, thestories went, when thèse characters en-Walter Blair, professor emeritus in the Department of English, and former chairman of the Department of English, is considérai the country'sleading scholar in American humor studies, afield he helped establish. Tins article firstappeared, in slightly différent form, in CriticalInquirv and in the book. (co-authored withHamlin Hill) America's Humor: From PoorRichard to Doonesbury.Repnnted from Critical luquiry bv permission ofThe University of Chicago Press. Copyright 1977bv The University of Chicago By Walter Blair, AM'26, PhD'31Professor Emeritus of Englishgaged in a favorite pastime — playfullybragging about their strength, their skilland their exploits — they used animalmetaphors such as Opossum, Screamer,Half-Horse Half-Alligator, the Big Bearof Arkansas or Gamecock of the Wilder-ness to furnish nicknames. Often theywere also identifiée! as fictional or realfrontiersmen — Mike Fink, Nimrod Wild-fire, Jim Doggett, Pecos Bill — and talltaies clustered around them. Explaininga metaphor and a nickname, an Ohionewspaper in 1830 cited the most famousbraggart of this sort: "Ring-tailed roar-er — A most vicious fellow — a Crockett."Historians hâve tended to think thatthèse parodists and mockers of foreigntravel writers who "lived" in specifiedtimes and locales were completely nativecréations. Constance Rourke impliedthis when she wrote:Many mythologies hâve been created inwhich men believed; the inflated fancybelongs to ail myth. But where, except onour frontiers, hâve been invented mythologies which men disbelieved in and stillriotouslv enjoyed, heaping inventionupon invention? And this spécial form ofmythology has sprung up not once ortransientlv among us but manv times andin many places, having to do with MikeFink, Crockett, Paul Bunyan, John Henry, and a host of minor figures.Though our ring-tailed roarers or comicdemigods were unique, they weren't inquite the way Rourke suggests hère. Likeother settlers, they imported traits inher-ited from Old World ancestors, one ofthem a tendency to joke about theirmythologies. However, the environ-ments and life-styles of thèse braggartstended to obscure this relationship.Comparing one of our mythic figureswith a famous European prototype and noticing mutations in traditional narrative patterns and characterizations willshow some ways such figures were, so tospeak, Americanized."I hâve met with hundreds, if notwith thousands of people," wrote Con-gressman David Crockett of the TwelfthDistrict, Tennessee, "who hâve formedtheir opinions of my appearance, habits,language, and everv thing else. . . Theyhâve almost in every instance expressedthe most profound astonishment at find-ing me in human shape, and with thecountenance, appearance, and common feel-ings of a human being."There was rather more truth to thisclaim than there is to some that politi-cians make; witness this item in a Penn-sylvania newspaper about a stop thecongressman made in little Columbia in1834, the vear he wrote the complaint:"Col. David Crockett . . . went 'ahead'after a delay of fifteen minutes, and leav-ing persons who expected to see a wildman of the woods, clothed in a huntingshirt and covered with hair, a good dealsurprised at viewing a respectable look-ing personage, dressed decentlv andwearing his locks much after the fashionof our plain German farmers."Crockett was peeved about the waya book had misrepresented him; but thebook's anonymous author had drawnupon oral storytellers (including the congressman himself) and upon journalistsfor his matter and manner. During thenext two décades and far beyond, books,magazines, newspapers and a run ofalmanacs would add and repeat anecdotes about the man, and most would beuntrue. The trouble was that the storytellers, none of them under oath, gussied21! UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/November 1980up or even invented thèse to suit theirpurposes. Because Crockett was in poli-tics, his backers and coattail riders pic-tured him favorably, his haters unfavor-ably. When he switched parties, every-body sashayed to the other side. Well,not everybody: some storytellers, unin-terested in propaganda but eager to beamusing, shaped their accounts accord-ingly. And since ail thèse caricatureswere being circulated widely at the sametime, it is not hard to see why contem-poraries were confused. When JamesAtkins Shackford wrote a scholarlybiography that appeared in 1956, hefound that he too had reason to com-plain: "So shrouded in fiction and mythand error has Crockett become that onlythe most careful research into ail avail-able sources can hope to recapture theman himself." Examples:. . . while Crockett was a Jacksonian, theDémocratie press polished him up withlittle référence to the true man, and theWhig papers, with just as little regard forfact, tried to laugh him out of Congress asa blundering bull in the sanctified halls ofgentlemen. When David changed hisalliances, the Démocratie papers wereprone to take up the old line initiated bythe Whigs and enlarge upon that, whilethe Whigs refined upon the earlier tradition which Democrats had so carefullybuilt up.One account of Davy's behavior at a particular White House dinner showed himacting quite properly and "wittily rout-ing Président Adams's son when thatyoung man attempted to ridicule him."Another report of the same affair hadhim greedily grab a huge helping ofgoose, rudely bawl out a waiter for swip-ing his plate, slurp water from his fingerbowl, and collect six cups of sherbet.Political pamphleteers were not theonly ones who got laughs with jokes about the canebrake politician. Storytellersand journalists, usually without ulteriormotives, told yarns about this "original"whose habit of talking tall about his sur-roundings and speaking humorouslv about himself made him a natural.The stories did not hâve to hâveroots in reality and often were not new.The real Crockett was well built, hand-some, ruddy-cheeked. But traditionaljokes made ugliness a funny quality. Fal-staff claimed Bardolph's crimson prob-oscis glowed with a flame that made torches inoperative. The Spectator in 1711told about "Spectator's" élection to Eng-land's Ugly Club. Joke 177 in Joe Mille/s]ests (1739) was about the British king-dom's champion ugly man. When GusLongstreet entered law school in Litch- field, Connecticut, in 1813, a studentwelcomed him: "Hère, sir, is a knife always given to the ugliest student. . . .Until now it has been mine, but beyonddoubt, sir, since you are hère, I hâve nowno right to it any longer." Andy Jackson — "Old Hickory" — won a like award.(So in time would Lincoln.) Lore had itthat Davy was so répulsive looking that ifhe just grinned at a raccoon, it tumbledfrom its tree. Once, worried because hegrinned and grinned without bringingdown his victim, he was relieved when aclose look showed he had mistaken aknot for a beast. Ail the same, he hadgrinned ail the bark off the branch.Stories about other men gravitatedto the more famous Davy. Out in FortSmith, Arkansas, in 1818, another raccoon learned that the dog which hadtreed it belonged to a famous sharpshoo-ter, Martin Scott, and Scott was at hand."The coon cried in anguish and despair,that he was a gone coon; rolled up thewhite of his eyes, folded his paws on hisbreast, and tumbled out of the tree. . . ."Davy displaced Scott in some versions ofthis anecdote. In one, looking down atthe hunter, the raccoon hoisted his pawlike a schoolboy, and asked, " Is yourname Crockett?" Told it was —"Then," said he, "you needn't take nofurther trouble, for I may as well cornedown without another word." And thecretur walked rite down from the tree, forhe considered himself shot.1 stoops down and pats him on thehead, and sez I, "I hope I may be shotmyself before I hurt a hair of your head,for I never had sich a compliment in mylife.""Seeing as how you say that," sez he,"Pli jist walk off for the présent, notdoubting your word a bit, d'ye see, butlest you should kinder happen to changeyour mind."This story and others, ostensiblytold by Crockett though he had no part intheir telling, were ground out by alma-nac makers, hack biographers and otherfolk journalists. Thèse writers personal-ized old taies about a stéréotype, theFerocious American Westerner. Butmany picturings had far older ancestorsdating back to the ancient Greeks. TheGreeks had a name for the type DavyCrockett represented, the alazôn.The alazôn was the opposite — oftenthe foil — of an ancestor of an eternallypopular American comic figure, thehorse-sensible philosopher such asFranklin's Poor Richard, Josh Billings,Will Rogers and Senator Sam Ervin. Theciron posed as an ignoramus but, likeSocrates, he often said wise things. He thus made himself out as worse than hewas. Bv contrast, the alazôn, in Aristo-tle's words, was "apt to claim the thingsthat bring glory when he hadn't them, orto claim more than he had."Max Eastman was the first critic, Ithink, to label the Poor Richard purveyorof "dry humor" a naturalized eiron andthe personification of American boastingan imported alazôn. Eastman called theformer "the soft-spoken, poker-facedboy, canny and restrained, who alwayshas something more in mind than he istelling you." He called the alazôn a"blustering, swanking, cock-and-bull-story-telling lad like Davy Crockett or hisbiographers . . . the loudmouthed back-woodsman . . . with his tall taies andpreposterousasseverationsof prowess."Eastman's translations, like others,hâve merit; but thev aren't quite inclusive enough. While the eiron can be atruly modest kindlv commentator, hecan also be a Uriah Heep, a ferocioussatirist, a wily politician or a humoristplaying a rôle. An alazôn can be, trueenough, a bullv bov braggart; he can alsobe a professional pédant, a showoffphysician or scientist, even (I'm afraid)an historian of humor. He has beenknown to materialize as a politician whoreally has fewer answers than he claimshe has while campaigning. And at timeshe has been a humorist pretending to beone of thèse. Mv concern hère is with thebully boy braggart.The type's long history goes back toAristophane's The Frogs (405 B.C.) inwhich Dionvsius merrily wagged hisvaunting tongue. In his NicomacheanEthics Aristotle contrasted the type char-acter with "the mock-modest man."Plautus (c. 254-184 B.C.), who used thetype in seven comédies, gave one of theplavs the title that cri tics often use whendiscussing such a figure — Miles Glor-iosus — braggart warrior, and gave him aname that mocks his vainglorv: Pvrgopo-linices — Tower-Town-Taker. During theRenaissance and in fact on down to theprésent century, writers of many sorts inmany countries created their versions, afew instances of which are cited below.Some of thèse characters were verypopular. The type loomed large indramatic performances throughoutEurope and in England from about 1550to about 1750. Jonson's Bobadill in EveryMan in His Humour won laughs in 1598and in many revivais thereafter; and, inthe Victorian period, the part wasCharles Dickens' favorite rôle. (Bobadillclaimed he gave London's masters of de-21Davy Crockett Blair and Mike Fmk Blairfense public lessons: "They hâveassaulted me some three, four, five, sixof them together. ... I hâve driventhem a fore me the whole length of thestreet. . . . Bv mvself, I could hâve slainthem ail.") The Duke of Buckingham andothers in The Rchearsal (1663, 1671) lam-pooned Dryden's bombastic heroes bvcreating Drawcansir, a braggart whospoke in couplets. ("1, the blood ofthousands dailv spill/. . . If thev hadwings, and to the gods would flie,/Iwould pursue and beat'em through theskie.") During London theatrical sea-sons for a centurv and a half, the nameDrawcansir became in England a widelvused synonym for braggart. Baron Mùn-chausen's vainglorious taies, written outby Rudolph Erich Raspe (178b), wentthrough édition after édition, and as ear-Iv as 1800 had been translated into fivelanguages. Références bv the score to"American Mùnchausens" and innum-merable retellings of the baron's stretch-ers — several bv Davy's ghostwriters —prove that he was famous and influentialin the United States.In their vauntings, thèse swaggerersdid more than promise to do great thingsin the future. A few years ago John War-droper, an unabashed lover and collecter of ancient jokes and their reincarnationsin jestbooks, showed what often hap-pened when he included two versions ofthe same anecdote in an anthology, Jestupon Jest. In 1595, a jokebook had: "Agallant threatened one, saying, Tf thouoffend me, I'il throw thee so high intothe élément that rather mayst thou fearfamishing than falling.' " In 1639,another collection had:A terrible braggart boasted how it washis chance to meet with two ol his arch-enemies at once. "The one," saith he, "Itossed so high in the air, that had he at hisback a baker's basket full of bread,though he had eaten ail the wav, hewould hâve been starved in the fall ère hewould hâve reached the ground." Andthe other he struck so deep into the eartlithat he left him no more to be seen aboveground but his head and one of hisarms — and thèse to no other end than toput off his hat to him as he had occasionto pass that wav.By shifting from the future to the pasttense, a braggart turns a boast into a faitaccompli — an épisode in his autobiogra-phy. He adds some vivid détails and tiesto it a related jest.A contrast between the legendaryDavv and another famous comic braggart may be useful. The other fabulousalazôn was quite as popular as Davv: his lame, in fact, spread to more countries.His name suggests kinship — CaptainFear of Hell Gulch. In the printed loreabout the pair, both killed herds of animais and used up or annihilated dozens ofsingle opponents and a few armies. Bothtraveled ail over the world and through agood part of the sky. But since CaptainFear belonged to a time and a place twocenturies and thousands of miles fromthe Tennessee canebrakes, a contrastthrows light on ways a stock characterwas naturalized and made amusing tonineteenth-century Americans.The version of the hero's namegiven above is a free translation from theItalian — Capitano Spavento délia ValleInferna. This was the most popular andwidely copied braggart soldier among ascore in Commedia dell' Arte — the comedyof professional players, theatrical pop art(as contrasted with learned) — from themiddle of the sixteenth century to themiddle of the eighteenth, not only inItalv but also to a surprising extent inmuch of the rest of Europe and in England. (Other captains included Moun-tain-Splitter, Moor-Killer, Crocodile,Rhinocerous, Iron-Buster, Black-Ass,Lion-Tamer and Earthquake.) This thea-ter appealed to aristocrats as well aspeasants and influenced such famousdramatists as Jonson, Shakespeare,Molière, Goldoni and others lessfamous.A chief reason for the success of Italian repertory companies at home and inEngland, France, Spain, Germany, Au-stria, Poland and Russia was the skillfulway performers improvised monologues, dialogues, mime, music, dance,even acrobaties, to flesh out characteriza-tions and plots barely sketched in thebrief scénarios which were their onlyguides. Each company had specialists,often for their lifetimes, in stock rôles:doddering old gaffer, pedantic doctor,clever valet, stupid lackey and others.The braggart soldier was one of themost durable and best liked among thèsestéréotypes; and a great one in the rôlewas Francesco Andreini (1548?-1624), sothoroughly identified with performances as Capitano Spavento that he wasoften spoken of bv his stage name.Andreini starred in the early and durableGelosi company, which appeared withgreat success in Italy, Austria andFrance. More is known about him thanabout any other capitano because of thecompany's famé, the publication in 1611of fifty scénarios used by the group andthe préservation in print of Andreini'sUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/November 1980The Boasts of Captain Fear ofHcll Gulch, themost complète set of such brags that survives.The ways Davy and Spavento talkedabout their ancestry contrast sharply.The Old World captain claimed that hisforebears were of noble blood — that theyhad bequeathed him matchless digni-ties. Démocratie Davy traced his untitledfamily no further back than his grandpa-rents, and he spoke about nothing but itslongevity and its prowess. At a hundredand twenty his grandmother coughed onan attacking Indian until he not only sur-rendered but also "died of the full-gallopconsumption." At a hundred and forty-eight Davy's mother "could jump aseven rail fence backward, . . . spinmore wool than any of your steam mills[and] eut down a gum tree ten feetaround." His father, at a hundred andforty-nine, was "a vénérable sample ofwhite oak" with a trunk "so ail flintyhard that you could strike fire from itwith a sledge hammer."Spavento played up his warlikequalifies and achievements. "Since I amby nature," he remarked, "threatener,slasher, slayer and killer, I hâve to slash,slay, quarter and eut to pièces some human créature everyday." His birth andchildhood forecast a great army careerand his training furthered it. He wasborn "clad in breastplate and coat of mail. . . washed in melted lead, swathed inred-hot steel bands, and fed on hemlockand gunpowder. . . . While still a boy, Ilearned from a murderer how to wound,kill and chop people to tiny pièces." Hissword, engraved "For the ChampionHired Killer," knocked off soldiers without mutilating their bodies, sharpeneditself by butchering officers and bright-ened when he dipped it into the blood ofcolonels. He fought in ail the great siègesand battles, leveled many cities, andmade whole continents pay tribute to hisglory. When America refused, he kickedit out of the world, readmitting it onlyafter forty Indian ambassadors (dressedin parrot feathers yet) brought gifts ofamber, musk and precious stones.Davy's babyhood and trainingreadied him for hunting rather than forwarfare. There was nothing bellicose about his swathing — a simple blanketmade of rattlesnake skins. True, he waswashed with bear's gall, but only because his aunt had heard that it "broughtforward the intellectures." He was wa-tered on buffalo milk, weaned on whis-key and raw rattlesnake eggs, then fed —not gunpowder — but roast ducks, bear méat and venison hams. He chiefly usedhis favorite weapons, fists, thumbnails,rifles and "the longest knife in ail Ken-tuck," to demolish gigantic wild beastsand men one at a time. His favorite petswere not battle steeds but hunting dogsand domesticated forest animais whichhelped his wife keep house and carriedhim from place to place. He got into battles and wars only incidentally, andthough he did well when he took onarmies of Sandwich Island cannibals,Haitians and Mexicans (made theirheads fly like "horse chestnuts in a hur-rycane") his battlefield performanceswere puny compared with Spavento's.To reward Spavento for a favor,Venus gave him amatory powers thatmade Italy's leading courtesans long tohâve him as a lover. The noblest cavalierswith unwed daughters made his life ahell by begging him to take their darlingsto the altar. Just to end ail the tiresomebickering, he considered taking a wife,though he was sure that no mate couldbe "a consort" simply because "nowoman could match my quality and par-take of my dignity and honors." Thisprobably was a lucky break, since anyspouse of the captain certainly wouldhâve worn herself out bearing the pro-lific fellow's children. When anotherchampion challenged him to a fertilitycontest, "In a single night Hercules gotfifty damsels with child, and in half a Inight got two hundred." This was onlvthe start; in time Spavento announced:"If ail of my bastards had to be housed ina foundling hospital, the whole worldwould be too small."Despite the fact that when — as hedelicately put it — Davy "went a-galling"he "had a right smart chance ofsweethearts," he was not in the captain'sleague. The women he went for, everytime, were not in the captain's leagueeither. Each was a giantess and an Amazon comparable with Mike Fink's daugh-ter. Sal Fungus, one of Davy's typical girlfriends, met up with a huge Indian in theforest one morning: "Sal kicked hisfundaments, and he slapt her face; thenshe wrung his nose till the blood spurtedand that war what made him so mad."That too yvar what fired Davy's passion,for soon "we courted, hunted andwalked together night and day." Hercharms:She could scalp an Injun, skin a bear, grindown hickorv nuts, laugh the bark off apine tree, swim stark up a cataract, gougeout alligators' eves, dance a rock topièces, sink a steamboat, blow out themoonlight, tar and feather a Puke [a Mis- sourian], ride a painter bare-back, sing awolf to sleep and scratch his hide off.In a passage that burlesques sentimentalexcesses, Davy tells how Sal reactedwhen he left for the wars: "She died witha bursted heart — it war too big with lovefor me, and its case war not big enoughto hold it."The maiden that Davy wed, SallyAnn Whirlwind Crockett, was anotherhellion. She beat Mike Fink, no less, until"he swore he had been chawed up andswallered by an alligator." The pair produced three daughters, "the tallest andfattest, and sassyest gais in America,"and among the strongest and toughest.Quite a few almanac stories showthat Davy was not completely faithful: hetells about carrying on with several "dox-ies." He mentions no illegitimateoffspring though, and since he says nothing about having remarkable reproductive prowess, we must assume thathe did not.Spavento's speeches, like those ofother Commedia dell' Arte type characters,were spattered with dialect, in his casewith a Spaniard's mispronunciations ofItalian words since — as his uniform indicated — he was a caricature of the arrogant Spanish military men who domin-ated the Peninsula in Andreini's day.Nevertheless he paraded learning in every scientific field — geography, physics,chemistry, astronomy; in politics andworld affairs; and in the humanities —classic mythology, poetry, music, rhe-toric, the dance, philosophy. He drop-ped cloudbursts of names: Jove was a palwho did him favors. His sword wasforged by Vulcan and owned, before hegot it, by Xerxes, Cyrus, Darius, Alexan-der, Romulus, Tarquin and Caesar. Withit he killed Hercules, Apollo and Cupid.When he licked the Amazons, Homer,Virgil, Ovid, Dante and half a dozenother great poets celebrated the victory.His style was a pretentious parade ofhighfalutin figures of speech and Cicero-nian cadences.The Davy of the legend was like thetrue-life Crockett in having little use forlearning. The only time he tried "alarned courting" — to win bluestockingKitty Cookins — he found that he couldnot "keep up his end of the log," and hehad no regrets:She axed me if I war fond of reading, andI telled her that I had read the catekisewhen I war a child, and thort it onlv fit forchildren, but that I could draw a lead on asquirrel at three hundred paces. . . Shelookt down and begun to trot her littlefoot, and said thar war no defined people23Huckleblairy Finnin the clearing, and how she inferred lit-ter-a-toor and novelties, and loved tolook at the moon, and the clouds, andhow she liked . . . Sallv Tude and var-tue, and war going to cultiva te bottinvand larn the use of varbs. And then sheread a little out of her book, and axed meif I war fond of poetness and duplicitv. Itelled her I didn't know about them kindsof varmints; but I liked a bear-steak, or ahorn of mountain dew, and had drunktwo sich fellers like her sweetheart underin one evening.Hère Davy's ignorance caused him tomacerate grammar, spell atrociously andsubstitute words he knew for unfamiliarones — "defined" for "refined," and "in-fer" for "prefer": frontier malaprop-isms — without giving a damn.However, in taies about Davy, ananomaly often occurs. Because it is re-lated to an enduring American ambivalence concerning the value of an éducation, the incongruity is importantenough to deserve a close look. Andsome facts about a time-worn Old Worldjoke help with the scrutiny.In Europe for centuries a comic butt,as I've mentioned, was the imposter whopretended that he had more knowledgethan he actually had. In Commedia dell'Arte a récurrent type was the pédant —usually a windy old doctor (in numerousGelosi scénarios Doctor Gratiano). Oneearmark of a pretender to learning was ahabit he had of peppering his talk withLatin phrases or latinate words. Rabelais, for instance, wrote a chapter, "HowPantagruel Met with a Limosin WhoAffected to Speak in Learned Phrases."In it "a handsome spruce young scholar"bewilders Pantagruel with sentences fullof sixteenth-century double talk, for example, "We transfretate the sequam atthe dilucal and crepuscul; we deambu-late by the compites and quadrives of theurb. . ." Pantagruel says "he doth onlyflay the Latin," and Rabelais draws amoral: "that it becomes us to speakaccording to the common language, andshun ail strange words." In Font Jones,Fielding has an eighteenth-centurvcounterpart, a surgeon, pay two calls onhis hero and each time completely confuse his listeners with what the authorironically calls his "great learning.""Of vvounds, indeed [says he], it is right-ly and trulv said, Nemo repente fuit turpissi-mus. I was once, I remember, called to apatient who had received a violent contusion in his tibia, by which the exteriorcutis was lacerated, so that there was aprofuse sanguinarv discharge; and theinterior membranes were so divellicatedthat the os, or bone, very plainlvappeared through the aperture ot thevulnus. . ." In the Crockett almanac publishedin 1835, Davy, supposedly delighted because he has not been smirched bv anéducation, uses thèse sentences: "Mythroat and jaws were so exfluctoficatedwith the influenza that I even snoredhoarse"; "[Wildcats] scratched her back-sides so tarnaciously they've never itchedsince"; "A monstratious great he-alligator . . . came on a ranting gallopout of the water." Latinate coinages suchas thèse, if we crédit popular anecdotes(and we are mad fools if we do), werecommonplaces not only in Davv's talkbut in frontier talk in gênerai in the daysof Andy Jackson. (A few others: "to abs-quatulate" [sneak awav], "to obflisti-cate" [obliterate], and a word still in use,"rambunctious.") Davy's — and fictionalfrontiersmen's — concoctions are in thesame class as terms used for centuries byfolk who, like Davv, lack learning. Butthey hâve been used before by men eagerto do something quite out of character for the Tennesseean — to convince hearersthat they are erudite. Instead of beingcontemptuous of book larning, in otherwords, those who used them were over-eager to make others think they had it.The hacks who made the almanacs wereout for laughs even if they had to beinconsistent in picturing Davy.Just the same, when the legendaryDavy and other funny-story Westernersflung around words so out of keepingwith their contempt for books, theyshowed a kinship with CaptainSpavento. There was a tremendous différence, though, between Davy andother Southwesterners, on the onehand, and Spavento, on the other hand.And the différence was closely alliedwith other highly significant contrastsbetween the Italian and American créations. Spavento consistentlv pretendedhe was learned and at the same timeexposed his misinformation. As DanielC. Boughner says:24 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/November 19806)«sGû6>iLuWhile posing as a traveler, Spaventoactually betrays his ignorance of foreigncountries. . . He ornaments his state-ments with Dantesque epithets — thoughtrue to his type he sometimes bunglesthèse. . . . The fun of his rôle requiresthat he utter howlers with an air ofsolemn assurance, and he casually corn-mits egregious blunders. [Defying chro-nology] he mixes up his own exploitswith ancient myths and treats classicallore with . . . airy contempt foraccuracy. . .And learning was not the only virtueSpavento assumed when he had it not: inevery respect, he was a fake.A bit of the scénario for one of theplays in the Gelosi répertoire shows Captain Fear's real nature: "Flavio enters,attacks the Captain, . . . knocks the Captain down. When the Captain begs forhis life, Flavio lets him go." The big jokeabout this braggart was that ail his boastswere buncombe: he was not learned, nota noble, a triumphant lover, a Worldwide traveler, a great warrior, a braveman. Though he claimed to be ail thèsein spades, as Marvin T. Herrick says:"Actually he was a poverty-stricken no-body, a coward, an ignoramus, thelaughing stock of women. His onegenuine accomplishment is a flow of language usually devoted to colossal lies."The incongruity was as vénérable asthe type. From Aristophanes on, theglaring contrast in the Old World wasbetween the gaudy claims of the alazônand the opposite actuality. Usually theboaster's appearance gave him away:huge bellied or spindly legged — perhapsboth — he looked like neither a paladinnor a lothario. When he fought, he madesure it was with a woman, a sissy, aeunuch or (in one instance) a butterfly.Challenged by a formidable opponent oreven by a coward who outbragged him,the miles gloriosus quibbled. ("The Captain replies that he never fights unless b.ehas the permission of Mars and the towngallants looking on, and goes off.")When two braggarts who were equallyfearful collided, each ran away from theother. When a boaster was forced tofight, he was quickly beaten and humili-ated. In the field of love, the boaster wasalways on the sidelines, glued to thebench. As Shakespeare's Parolles says inAU' s Well that Ends Well (4.3. 311-13):Who knows himself a braggart,Let him fear this; or it will corne to passThat every braggart shall be found an ass.Frontier ways of living mav hâvehad something to do with it. So might Rabbit and friendtwo traditions which were strong in theNew World — that of the plausible talltaie and that of Western ferocity. What-ever the reason, when the miles gloriosuscrossed the Atlantic, trudged on to thefrontier and became an American ring-tailed roarer, he underwent a change:hère he was not a poltroon or a sissy. Hewas a mighty athlète; he was spoiling fora fight; he was tough; he did not runaway but fought no-holts-barred andwell. His opponent was another super-bly conditioned tall talker who wasbrave, strong and hard to beat. Theyfought fiercely; both were battered; andthe battle did not end until one of themen was licked. During the years beforethe Civil War, this was the pattern forstory after story about Davy Crockettand other frontiersmen.The bold, bragging and unbeatableDavy cavorted in almanacs published between 1835 and 1856, and other mightvWestern boasters and battlers flourished during the same period. Although hebecame more civilized and less and lessfunny (intentionally anyhow) the oldDavy carried on in a very popular melod-rama between 1872 and 1896 and underwent résurrection in books and a Disneytélévision séries in the 1950s. A numberof stories about less famous roarers con-tinued to follow the antebellum pattern.But the irrésistible drive toward theCivil War, the awful conflict and the dis-turbing aftermaths shaped every type ofAmerican expression no matter howhigh or how low, including so vital a oneas our humor.Today, perhaps better than at anyother time, Americans should be able tounderstand and sympathize with thetraumas of the second half of thenineteenth century. Thèse includedshifts in power, disorderlv démonstrations, raids, riots, exécutions, burnings,the bloodiest war in history up to thattime, a nation torn in two, lvnchings,25feuds, the discovery of corruption inhigh places, the assassination of oneprésident and the impeachment ofanother, a révolution in the ways of liv-ing.A couple of authors, in a satiricalnovel of 1873, paused a moment to makea serious forecast:The eight years in America from 1860 to1868 uprooted institutions that were centuries old, changed the politics of a people, tranformed the social life of half thecountry, and wrought so profoundlyupon the entire national character thatthe influence cannot be measured shortof two or three générations.The prédiction, in the The Gilded Age byCharles Dudley Warner and MarkTwain, was sound except in two particu-lars: The change started rather earlierthan 1860— about 1854 or 1855. And theguess about the length of the period during which the upheaval would affectAmerican life was too conservative. Ahundred years and more later, it stillshapes aspects of our life, our thinkingand our literature.Since many forces usually are atwork, it is easy to oversimplify causes forchanges in even an uncomplicated areasuch as most believe humor is. But itseems safe to say that the war and thetransformations accompanying it werelargely responsible for a change in theancient American pattern of jokes aboutfighting braggarts, including our comicdemigods: Gôtterdammerung.Beginning in the mid-1850s this pattern turned up more and more often: theman who claims to be more than he ismeets a man who is self-deprecatory —an eiron — and is defeated. Max East-man's description of the joke in the formthat tickled the ancient Greeks andothers in the Old World will help definethe increasingly popular design:it is characteristic of the Greek view of lifethat the triumph of the eiron over the alazôn became almost a settled convention oftheir comic theater. . . . Comedy, youmight say, was born into the world as aplaying off of the one against the other.And the word irony arose out of thiscrude clash. It described the "takingdown" of the big talker [the alazôn] by theman who savs less than he means [theeiron]. . . . Ûnfortunately our nationalcomedy, which ought to hâve broughtinto conflict thèse two characters, nevergot written. Hère as elsewhere Americanliterature is unachieved."Never" is too strong a word. The soft-spoken character actually took the braggart down in "A Row at 'Natchy underthe Hill,' " (Davy Crockett's Almanack183S), a storv that "Davy" tells about a Blair in "Swan Lake"clash he saw in one of the gathering andfighting places for Mississippi boatmen:Close to the wharf, upon the deck of abroadhorn, stood a fellow of powerfulmuscular appearance, and every nowand then he would swing around hisarms and throw out a challenge to anyone "who dared corne and take the rust off ofhim," styling himself a "roarcr," and de-claring that he hadn't had a fight in amonth, and was getting lazy. . .Presentlv a little stubbed fellow camealong, . . . stepped up, and in a dry kindof style looked up jn his face and in-quired, "Who might ye be, my big chick-en, eh?""I'm a high pressure steamer," roaredthe big bullv."And I'm a snag," replied the littleone, as he pitched into him, and beforehe had time to reflect, he was sprawlingupon the deck. A gênerai shout of ap-piause burst from the spectators, andmany now, who before had stood alooffrom the braggadocia, jumped on boardthe boat and enjoved the manner inwhich the little fellow pummeled him.This sketch, among others, shows thatthe old plot and payoff — even Spenser's"Braggadocio" misspelled — were notunknown in the New World. Neverthe-less, Eastman's statement is correct if it isslightly amended: the defeat of the braggart by the ironical man was relativelyinfrequent up to a point.About the point one cannot be précise since "the ironical man" défies invulnérable définition. But a portent canbe noticed, then a definite change.Beginning about 1850, in newly sur-facing stories, Mike Fink was unable tolick anybody, and his opponents hadsome resemblances to traditional eirons.The victor who in an 1850 story "battered poor Fink so that he fainted away" was afemale; the man who gave Mike hislumps and made him pray in a storypublished five times between 1850 and1860 was a preacher; and the fellow whoin an 1874 anecdote knocked him coldwas a Sunday School type who hadpromised his mommy not to fight. Butsince the female was the helliferous Mrs.Crockett, the preacher had "a herculan-ean fist" and made threats, and themother-loving youth had a pâte hardenough to bang Mike's head into insensi-bility, they were ail a bit too tough toqualify.The story about Mike new to print in1883, though, conformed quite well tothe Old World pattern. Mike, whom itcalled "extravagant boaster" and a "reg-ular 'Sait River Roarer,' " ashore at West-port, told jokes and made it perfectlyclear that listeners damned well had better laugh heartily at them. "In a cornersat a small, quiet-looking man, evidentlymuch abstracted, and deeply bent onattending to his own business." Whenhe failed to laugh at several jokes, Mikewent over to him, touched him, and toldhimit would pay him to heed the first-classjokes, . . .for if he didn't, somebodywould get hurt. "Ah," said the quietman, "is that so," and he immediatelylapsed into his rêverie.The next joke was told and dulyenjoyed, but no laugh came from thecorner of the quiet man, and Mike . . .went over to him, and told him he in-tended to whip him "Ah, indeed," saidthe man, "is that so?" and hardly werethe words out of his mouth, than with atremendous blow under the ear he struckthe giant, telling him. . . . Fink made forthe stranger, who slipped down upon hisback and began that fight with the feet forwhich so many of the borderers werenoted, and in a few minutes a worsewhipped man than the jolly flatboatmanwas never seen.When Fink called for quarter, or, as heexpressed it, "hollered calf rope," thequiet man said to him: "I am Ned Taylor,sheriff of this county; if you don't boardyour boat and push off in five minutes,Pli arrest you and your crew." To thisFink did not demur, and was soon float-ing down the Ohio.The very year this account of thesheriff's triumph appeared, "by way ofillustrating keelboat talk and manner,"Mark Twain published in Life on the Mississippi the finest American version of theold, old story. Actually written in 1876,this was part of Huck Finn's report ofwhat he heard and saw one night whenhe swam out to a raft, hid among somebundles of shingles and eavesdroppedon a crew of spiflicated raftsmen. Corp-26 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/November 1980se-Maker, the biggest of the lot, andChild of Calamity each in turn told howferocious he was. Their boasts were inventions that even I rather enjoyed reading after a wide-ranging search which,frankly, ended with my getting a littlefed up with comic boasts.Corpse-Maker leaped three timesand cracked his heels together eachjump, then hollered statistics about hisfamily, his appetite, and other matters,Sample: "Sired by a hurricane, dam'd byan earthquake, half-brother to thechoiera, nearly related to the small-poxon my mother's side! ... I take nineteenalligators and a bar'l of whiskey forbreakfast when I'm in robust health, anda bushel of rattlesnakes and a dead bodywhen I'm ailing! . . . Blood's my naturaldrink, and the wails of the dying is musicto my ear!"The Child of Calamity outdid him.During acrobatie gyrations (standardornaments of brags) he twice got cheersby performing what must hâve been anentrechat-six ("jumped and cracked hisheels together three times before he lit").And he told about mishandlings of cos-mography that rival similar feats in Rabelais:"When I'm playful I use the meridiansof longitude and parallels of latitude for aseine, and drag the Atlantic Océan forwhales! I scratch my head with lightningand purr myself to sleep with the thun-der! When I'm cold, I bile the Gulf ofMexico and bathe in it; when I'm hot I fanmyself with an equinoctial storm; whenI'm thirsty I reach up and suck a cloud drvlike a sponge; when I range the earthhungry, famine follows in my tracks!Whoo-oop! Bow vour neck and spread! 1put my hand on the sun's face and makeit night in the earth; I bite a pièce out ofthe moon and hurry the seasons; I shakemyself and crumple the mountains! . . .The massacre of isolated communities isthe pastime of my idle moments, the destruction of nationalities the serious business of my life!"After shouting thèse fine words, the tworaftsmen, Huck says, made even moredire threats, but in time it was évidentthat neither was going to strike a blow,and eventually, they started to edgeaway from one another. Then "a littleblack-whiskered chap" named Davysteps up, thoroughly wallops the both ofthem and "makes them own up they aresneaks and cowards."About the time this was published,so Mody Boatright says, a story was crurent on the frontier which by now hadreplacée! Kentucky, the Mississippi Riverand the Rockies as the land of the tough-est — cowboy country. An Easterner came into a cow town,galloped up and down the street howl-ing and firing his six-shooter, and mar-ched into a saloon "chanting a boast hehad recently heard":Just then the marshal, who had beensitting quietly at a table, arose andaddressed him."So you are a wolf, are you?""Yes, I'm a wolf.""Well, what kind of a wolf are you?""Oh, me? I'm just a little old coyote.'And in 1884, A. J. Sowell, in Rangers andPioneers in Texas, claimed that the standard procédure was for the braggart to beput down by a quiet friend:Occasionally in some Western village,you will hear a voice ring out in the nightair in words something like thèse: "Wildand wooly," "Hard to curry," "Raised apet but gone wild," . . . "Hide out, littleones," and then you may expect a fewshots from a revolver. It is a cowboy outon a little spree, but likely he will not hurtanyone, as some friend who is sobergenerally cornes to him, relieves him ofhis pistol, and ail is soon quiet againBlair m "Hair"George Hendricks' wide reading aboutWild West ruckuses, summarized in TheBad Men of the West (1941), led him todécide that "the swaggering, blustering,or bragging kind" of a tough guy was notthe typical bad man; the real article " wasusually quiet, soft-spoken, mild-mannered."H. L. Davis in his 1952 Winds of theMorning enlivened a paragraph by brief-ly referring to the postwar version:... a little sandy-mustached man withglasses who had been telling around thathe was from a country where people usedrusty barbed-wired for toilet paper andthe canary birds sang bass, and that hehad been run out of it for being too tough. . . stretched out on the [jail] floor limpand subdued, sleeping it off as meek as amoon flower in a meadow.Skip to the présent décade. Whenyoung Richard Pryor, one of the mostsuccessful American comedians, per-formed in 1975, members of his audiences shouted requests that he act outone of his most popular characteriza-tions: "Do Oilwell! Do Oilwell!" In thesketch, a belligerent black street-cornertough swaggers and yells his answer topolicemen who tell him to move along."I'm Oilwell, six-foot-five, two hundred and twenty-two pounds ofMannnl Iain'tgoin' no Where1. He go'n to Mooove me!"Thereupon Oilwell is thoroughly beatenup by the men in uniform, and the audience — largely black — howls with laugh-ter. "It does not matter," writes JamesMcPherson, "that Oilwell is beaten . . . .What matters is that Pryor's audiencescan laugh at Oilwell's pretensions."In 1976, Charles Mohr reported Jim-my Carter's use of "a rare joke" duringhis campaign for the presidency. It was"about a mild young man who settles abarroom dispute with a bully by using atire tool." Mohr added: "The joke isalmost a trademarked part of Gov.George C. Wallace's répertoire."As a conscientious historian, I ofcourse wonder about the reasons forchanges which so often occur in the plotof the boast-and-battle story. I think offive that don't hâve to be mutually exclusive.As Boatright, Sowell and Hendricksimply, the later version perhaps becamepopular simply because it was truer tolife. Another possibility: it became wide-spread because it was funnier. Stillanother possibility: after a time, becom-ing tired of the older formula, authorswere attracted by a différent one. Andsince the Old World plot had been kick-ing around for centuries, and since evenhack writers probably read books andsaw plays, literary influences may hâvegot in some licks. Very probably the cata-clysm called the Civil War and its after-math also helped bring this change.At any rate, the unique history ofthe United States in time moved thetypical joke about a frontier roarer muchcloser to the vénérable Old Worldpattern. ¦Suggested further reading:Books by Walter Blair:America' s Humor: From Poor Richard toDoonesbury (co-author, Hamlin Hill; OxfordUniversity Press, 1978).Davy Crockett: Frontier Hcro (Coward,McCann; 1955).Half Horse Half Alligator: Growth of the MikeFink Legend (The University of ChicagoPress, 1956).Horse Sensé in American Humor (1942; re-printed by Russell & Russell, 1962).Mark Twain and Huck Finn (University ofCalifomia Press, 1960; 1973).Mark Twain Papers: Mark Twain's Hannibal,Huck & Tom (University of Califomia Press,1969).Native American Humor (1937; reprinted byChandler, 1960).27of the QuadranglesBenton Foundation GiftThe Benton Foundation, owner ofthe Encyclopaedia Britannica, hasestablished a supporting foundation tobenefit the University. The new foundation will emphasize studies, programs, and projects in conjunctionwith the University in the field of communications. Ail of the EncyclopaediaBritannica common stock has beentransferred to this new supportingfoundation.The Benton Foundation was created by William Benton (1900-1973),who was vice-président of the University from 1937-45 and a Life Trustée. He was publisher and chairman ofEncyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. formany years.After graduating from Yale in 1921he gave up an opportunity to study atOxford University as a Rhodes scholar,and instead went to work as a sales-man, driving a truck and selling cashregisters. He switched to writingadvertising copy, and by 1935 he hadmade his fortune from the advertisingfirm of Benton & Bowles, which hecofounded with Chester Bowles in1929.Later in his career, he was assistant secretary of state for public affairs,U.S. Senator from Connecticut, andthe first person to become U.S.Ambassador to UNESCO.Since 1943, the University has re-ceived almost $60 million in royaltiesfrom the Encyclopaedia Britannica, theoldest and largest English languagegênerai encyclopaedia.Among the board members of thenew supporting foundation areEdward H. Levi, Glen A. Lloyd Dis-tinguished Service Professor, former(1968-75) président of the University,and former U.S. Attorney General; D.Gale Johnson, Eliakim Hastings MooreDistinguished Service Professor, chairman of the Economies Department andformer provost (1975-80) of the University; Robert W. Reneker, chairman ofthe Universitv's Board of Trustées: andRobert S. Ingersoll, deputy chairmanof the University's Board of TrustéesHanna H. Gray, président of theUniversity, said:"For almost fortv vears the Uni versity has been the beneficiary of theBenton family in many ways. Thecréation of a supporting foundation bythe Benton Foundation is a splendidaddition to that long history."She said that the University willnow appoint a faculty committee"charged with considering what typesof programs might be establishedwhich are consistent with the founda-tion's intentions and which areappropriate to the purposes andacadémie programs of the University."Want to sing along?For movie buffs who saw "The Phan-tom of the Opéra" on campus Novem-ber 8, the eerie organ music in thebackground was no dubbed-in sound-track. It was live, from RockefellerChapel.Gaylord Carter, one of the world' sgreatest theater organists, providedmusic on the Rockefeller Chapel organfor "Phantom" and for silent comédiesby Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton,and W. C. Fields.The not-so-silent filmfest was theidea of the University's new director ofchapel music and choral programs,Rodney Wynkoop. It is only one ofmany innovative programs Wynkoophas planned for the year, in anattempt to bring the University'smusical offerings to a wide variety ofaudiences."I see Rockefeller Chapel as apotential center for many activities:theater, dance, music, public forums,and community service, as well asworship and prayer in their variousforms," said Wynkoop.Concerts on the 1980-81 scheduleinclude performances of Bach's EasterOratorio, Stravinsky's Les Noces, andtwo renditions of Handel's Messiah, aswell as weekly récitals by Universityorganist Edward Mondello and assistant carillonneur Wylie Crawford.Wynkoop believes that "singing isthe one musical activity which absolutely everyone can do." He hopes toattract raucous bathroom yodelers aswell as practised vocalists to twochapel sing-alongs: Haydn's Créationon January 16, and Brahm's Requiemon Good Friday (April 17). Music is supplied, and the chapel canaccommodate up to 300 singers. (Call753-3381 for further information.)The University Chorus and theRockefeller Chapel Choir are open tocommunity as well as to Universitymembers, Wynkoop stressed. Auditions are held each year in the summerand in September for both groups, butthere are occasionally openings in theUniversity Chorus later in the year,and Wynkoop said he would gladlylisten to latecomers interested in join-ing that group.Together with Bernard O. Brown,dean of Rockefeller Mémorial Chapel,Wynkoop has made changes in theChapel's Sunday services. The choirnow sings from the front, where it canserve a more intégral part in the service. To heighten the sensé of participation by the congrégation, new modes of singing Psalms, hymns, introits,and other parts of the service hâvebeen introduced.Wynkoop is also a lecturer in theDepartment of Music. He will teach awinter quarter course on the setting oftext by various composers, and aspring quarter course on the musicalstyle of Heinrich Schutz. Both classes,Wynkoop said, will draw upon informai singing and playing by students inthe class.Watching the Brain ThinkDoctors at the University of ChicagoMédical Center are one step closer tobeing able to see the brain think.Thanks to the efforts of the BrainResearch Foundation, an affiliate ofthe University, funding will be provided for a research team at theMédical Center to construct a P.E.T.(positron émission tomography) scanner, a diagnostic imaging device whichwill allow physicians to pinpoint andmonitor chemical activity in the brain.The University's P.E.T. scannerwill be one of only a handful in thecountry and the first in the Chicagoarea. Physicians and scientists at theMédical Center will use it to studypsychiatrie problems believed to becaused by chemical abnormalities, andto look at neurological diseases28 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/November 1980thought to be related to chemical imbalances. Even metabolic activityassociate with verbal skills, creativity,and the thought process can be de-tected by the instrument, which willhelp scientists map the location of various brain fonctions.Purchasing the P.E.T. scannerwould probably cost more than $1 million. However, a team of physicists,electronics engineers, and machinistsfrom the Médical Center's FranklinMcLean Mémorial Research Institute(FMI) will construct the instrument atan estimated cost of $650,000, basedon a state-of-the-art design fromWashington University in St. Louis. Itwill be housed in FMI.The principle of P.E.T. scanning isquite simple. The patient is injectedwith a substance containing a smallamount of short-lived radioactivematerial. An array of 288 highly sensi-tive cesium-fluoride crystals placed ailaround the patient's head detects thephotons emitted each time a positronfrom the injected substance combineswith an électron from the brain tissue.Thèse detectors are connected to acomputer which créâtes a picture ofthe chemical activity in a given "slice"of the brain. A séries of thèse slicestaken over regular intervais can indicate metabolic and chemical changesas they occur. Seven such slices will beimaged simultaneously with the newinstrument.Because only short-lived radioiso-topes can be injected into the patient,a cyclotron is essential to P.E.T. scanning. The FMI cyclotron producesradioisotopes of carbon, nitrogen, oroxygen by accelerating protons orother particles in a circular path anddirecting them against a stable targetélément. Since the half-life of thèsepositron emmitters ranges from two totwenty minutes, the cyclotron andP.E.T. scanner must be located neareach other.New Lab School HeadJames E. Van Amburg has beennamed director of the LaboratorySchools of the University of Chicago.He succeeds R. Bruce McPherson, whohas joined the éducation faculty at theUniversity of Illinois at Chicago Circle.From 1975-79 Van Amburg wassuperintendent of the Carlisle, MApublic schools. From 1970-73 he wasprincipal of Trinity Junior School inNew York City. Reunion 1981Save the DatesMay 15-16,1981WW e're in the midst of planning Reunion, 1981.We'll be presenting a whole new format, de-signed to make this a uniquely entertainingevent.ould you be willing to volunteer to make thisan exciting, joyous occasion? We could usehelp from alumni who live in the Chicagoarea.F or those of you whose classes are having spécialreunions, would you be willing to help us planand exécute thèse events? We need volunteersfrom the Classes of '31, '41, '56, 71, '76.W ould you like to meet old friends on campus,but you've lost touch? We can help you findthem. Write REUNION NETWORK (addressbelow), and we'll send the addresses youhâve requested. (For alumnae, please giveus the maiden names.)W.ant to volunteer? Need an address? Write:REUNION NETWORK '81,Robie House,5757 Woodlawn Ave.,Chicago, IL 60637.Michael Krauss, AB'75, MBA'76Clyde Watkins, AB'67Reunion Co-chairmen29The Alumni Association Présidents PageEditor's note: At tins time we introduce a newtenture, a page each issue to be used by theAlumni Association président. In tins issue wecarry messages from both the outgoing président,Charles IV. Boand, and the incoming président,Beverly j. Splane.By Charles W. Boand, LLB'33, MBA'571 should like to report first on theformation of local University of Chicago Clubs for the past year, 1979-80,as well as for 1980-81; secondly, on theprograms for current students spon-sored by the Alumni Association andthe Office of University AlumniAffairs. And finally, I wish to offersome comments on the implications ofthe proposed revisions of the AlumniAssociation constitution and by-laws.1. Formation of local University of ChicagoClubs:During 1979-80, four new localclubs were completely organized withcharter, new officers and programs:Boston, Kansas City, Phoenix, andTucson. As of July 1, 1980, the University had twelve active clubs withcharter, officers, and programs, the total alumni population of which is21,561 or 24.5 percent of the totalnumber of registered alumni, 88,000.The twelve clubs are (with numbers inparenthèses): Boston (2392); HongKong (48); Kansas City (397); LosAngeles (3490); Milwaukee (722); NewYork (5774); Northwest Indiana (853);Phoenix (572); San Francisco (3213);Toyko (209); Tucson (299); andWashington D.C. (3592).As of July 1, 1980, twelve newclubs were in various stages of orga-nization: Albany (238); Cleveland (568);Denver (885); London (140); Miami(549); Minneapolis (1146); Raleigh/Durham — State of North Carolina(796); Rochester (339); Saint Louis(509); San Diego (754); Tampa/SaintPetersburg (675).The twelfth club in organization isChicago with the largest single alumnicommunity, 24,600.Another old local club (with charter but not officer and regular programs) is in the process of reorganiza-tion: Atlanta (466).Together thèse thirteen clubs hâvean alumni population of 31,665, orabout 3b percent of the total numberof registered alumni, 88,000.The twelve active clubs and the thirteen clubs in various stages oforganization hâve a combined alumnipopulation of 53,226 or about 60 percent of the total number of registereduniversity alumni.For the 1980-81 fiscal year, sevennew local clubs will be organized: Cincinnati (414); Hartford (543); Houston(333); Philadelphia (1119); Pittsburgh(443); Portland (549); and Seattle (706).One local club (with charter but neith-er officers nor regular programs) willbe reorganized: Dallas (443).Together thèse eight areas hâve analumni population of 4,550 or about5.2 percent of the total number of registered University alumni, 88,000.II. Program for Current Students:Eight bag-lunch discussions wereheld during 1979-80. Thèse programs,called "Life After Graduation," provide informai discussion of careeropportunities in various fields withChicago-area alumni. Usually, threealumni in various areas of a particularfield spoke at each lunch. Averageattendance for thèse programs held inAlumni House and in Robie House,was fifty students.The Alumni Contact File, established bv the Office of UniversityAlumni Affairs in coopération with theOffice of Career Counseling, now con-tains the names of 850 Chicago-areaalumni volunteers — names, addresses,téléphone numbers, occupations/professions — who hâve agreed to allowcurrent students to contact them forcareer and job counseling. The file islocated in the Office of CareerCounseling and Placement and is usedby 100 students per month.In April 1980, the Chicago AlumniProgram Steering Committee sent aletter to ail Chicago-area alumni expressing its feeling of obligation inproviding possible job opportunitiesfor current students. Return cardswere enclosed with the letter. TheOffice of Career Counseling and Placement processed the returns and wasable to provide more than sixty summer jobs for current students.Especiallv gratifying are the in-creased activities for current students.It is important that students hâvesome sensé of University alumni andalumni affairs, and the new programsinitiated in 1979-80 help build this sensé. Additionally, it is expected thatstudents who take part in such programs as students will take part inalumni programs, as alumni.For 1980-81, thèse three programswill continue and at least one newAlumni Contact File will be initiated:Washington, D.C.III. The Alumni Association constitutionand by-laws:Finally, I wish to impress on youthe importance of the proposed revisions of the Alumni Association constitution and by-laws. You hâve heardthat the work of the Ad Hoc Commission on Alumni Affairs is continuingthrough the efforts of the Implementa-tion Committee. One part of the Com-mission's work, however, is complète — that is recommending revisionsof the Alumni Association constitutionand by-laws, which were consideredand, with certain changes, approvedby the executive committee of theCabinet for submission to the Cabinetfor considération and adoption ¦Of greatest importance,the revised constitution and by-lawspropose more comprehensive repre-setation for alumni, suggest an en-larged executive committee, and propose guidelines for the formation of local clubs. The revised constitution andby-laws are more représentative of ouralumni and their dav-to-day activitieson behalf of the University, and thedocument is flexible enough to remainan "active" document for manv years.Lastly, the proposed revisions are anappropriate response to both the spiritand the letter of the Ad Hoc Commission report.It has been my privilège to serveas président of The University of Chicago Alumni Association for five yearsand to serve at a time when significantchanges in both the direction and substance of the University's alumniaffairs program hâve occurred. I ampersonally grateful to the excellentsupport given to me by the AlumniAffairs Office staff, the executive committee of the Cabinet, and the Cabinetmembers, and for their spécial concernfor the University. To use an old Navyexpression — I say "Well done." Youhâve ail contributed to the growingstrength and breadth of alumni affairsat The University of Chicago.30 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/November 1980I wish ail of you continued success in your work for the Universityand I thank you for allowing me toserve you and this unique and mag-nificent institution.By Beverly J. Splane, AB'67, MBA'69This is the inaugural of a new fea-ture of the magazine, one page eachissue to be used as the président ofthe Alumni Association sees fit. Coin-ciding as it does with my own inaugural as président, the uses to which thispage will be put are mostly yet to beconceived, but at least one objectivewill be to keep you informed on theactivities of the Alumni Association.Alumni of less enlightened institutions would no doubt find thatthought bringing on terminalboredom; I hope it won't be true hère.Since by définition every living humanbeing who has ever been a student orfaculty member of the University is,willy-nilly, a member of the AlumniAssociation, its affairs are your affairs.More importantly, as friends of theUniversity we may ail be presumed tobe interested in its welfare, which isalso the fonction of the Alumni Association.The last two years hâve seen thebeginning of a massive shift in thecharacter and quality of the University's relations with its alumni. Themost important cause has been thecommitment of our new président,Mrs. Gray. (To alumni, présidents remain "new" présidents until they become former présidents.) Under herleadership, the University has explicit-ly recognized that a strong and activealumni body is most likely to providethe financial and moral support itneeds.To provide a rationale andframework for developing better relations between alumni and the University, Mrs. Gray appointed the AdHoc Commission on Alumni Affairs,chaired by Arthur W. Schultz, X'41,AB'67, which reported to her with aséries of recommendations in Novem-ber of 1979. (Text of the report waspublished in the Magazine in Winter,1980.) Since then, an ImplementationCommittee, chaired by Michael Klow-den, AB'67 has taken steps to ensurethat the recommendations of the Ad Hoc Commission become reality. Mytwo-year term as président will focuson completing the implementation ofthèse recommendations.One of the most important ofthose recommendations is a new orga-nizational structure which implies thatail the volunteer efforts of alumnicould and should be integrated, onboth the local and the national levels.The intention is to develop a singlechorus of voices to speak for the alumni and to whom ail departments of theUniversity can speak. This would replace the présent System of a mixedglee club hère, a maie chorus there,and a barbershop quartet chiming infrom the background on occasion.To achieve this, more emphasiswill hâve to be put on the local University of Chicago clubs to act as coor-dinators within their régions. One ofmy first actions will be to appoint a re-gionally-diversified sub-committee ofthe executive committee of the Cabinetto initiate this process. The first stepwill obviously be one of fact-finding. Ihope to hâve full reports back to theexecutive committee within six monthson how the local clubs feel coordination can best be accomplished in theirrégions.The local clubs will also serve asthe nucleus for formula ting priorities.Each local club will be asked to develop a spécifie set of recommendations for use by the executive committee on what objectives they feel are pa-ramount for the Alumni Association.This also should be completed withinsix months, and can serve as the basisof operating plans for the subséquenteighteen months.If the clubs develop in the waythat the Schultz Commission en-visioned, they should become moreimportant to the University in the formulation of policy. Important debat-able issues confronting the Universitymight in future years be referred tothe Alumni Association, using the local clubs, for analysis and recommendations to the University administration. Alumni represent a uniqueperspective, being both a part of anddistant from the University, and theenhanced stature of the local clubsshould enable that perspective to con-tribute more fully to University délibérations. On the national level, the firststep toward implementing this important recommendation of the Commission was taken at the Cabinet meetingof October 11-12; that is the consolidation of ail alumni activities into a central governing body, the AlumniCabinet. This has been accomplished,with the présidents of the NationalAlumni Fund Board, the AlumniSchools Committee and the Universityof Chicago Club of Greater Chicagojoining several other elected andappointed members of the cabinet onits executive committee. However, thefirst meeting of this new group is stillin the future, and bringing thèse threestrong activities of alumni into a coopérative cohérence will take both energyand good-will. We seem so far to hâvean abundance of both.A second objective of my tenurewill be to make a big dent in convert-ing récent graduâtes into active alumni. I don't believe the way to achievethis is by doing things for them, byproviding entertaining programs orembossed membership cards, for instance, but rather by turning to themfor help. Récent graduâtes can be andshould be useful to the University — inrecruiting, in fund-raising and in developing programs. Those of us whohâve been active know that the opportunities are there. We need to concen-trate on giving those opportunities torécent graduâtes, once, of course, wehâve broken through the code of omer-ta they hâve imposed on their parentsin order to find them.In addition to the spécifie recommendations of the Commission, I hopeto make progress in implementing itsspirit, which I take to be the importance to the University of strong andactive alumni. That can, of course, betaken too far, and at many institutionsis. I trust the day will never corne inwhich alumni of the University of Chicago rise up en masse to fire the headfootball coach in an annual rite. Butwe as an Alumni Association may besaid to hâve historically representedsome sort of opposite extrême of docil-ity and passivity. I believe a middleground exists where active alumnithrough their active participation willstrengthen the University, and I hopeduring my term as your président tomove in that direction.31Alumni NewsNational Alumni Association CabinetHolds Fourteenth Annual MeetingMichael Klowden, AB'67Beautiful autumn sunshinegreeted the members of thenational Alumni AssociationCabinet who gathered on campusOctober 10-11 for their fourteenthannual meeting. The meeting of theeighty-six-member Cabinet, which isthe governing body of the 88,000-member Alumni Association, coin-cided with the eleventh annual meeting of the Alumni Fund Board andHomecoming.Cabinet members held their business meetings in Swift Lecture Hall,where ten life-size wooden angels,smiling serenely, surveyed the pro-ceedings below from good seats on theceiling beams.Among the most important itemson the Cabinet's agenda was the élection of new Alumni Association officers to serve for the next two years.The new officers are: président, Beverly Jo Splane, AB'67, MBA'69, executivevice-président, Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Chicago; and vice-présidentsAnita Jarmin Bnckell, AB'75, MBA'76,senior account officer, Citibank, N.A.,New York City; William N. Flory,AB'48, vice-président, Harris Trust & Savings Bank of Chicago; Eugène Kad-ish, AB'63, JD'66, attorney, Goldman& Kaplan, Ltd., Tempe, AZ; and MaxSchiff, Jr., AB'36, consultant, GeorgeL. Jewell Catering Services, Chicago.Ruth Halloran, associate director ofUniversity Alumni Affairs, and PeterKountz, AM'69, PhD'76, executivedirector of University Alumni Affairs,will serve as secretary and treasurer,respectively.Charles W. Boand, LLB'33,MBA'57, président of the AlumniAssociation for the last five years, re-ported on the accomplishments of theAssociation in the past year and plansfor 1980-81. (For his remarks, seeP. 30.)Sylvia Hohri, AB'77, nationalprogram director, reported on thenumber and kinds of alumni programsheld last year. She said that alumni inthirty-three cities held twenty-sevenprograms with faculty speakers, sevenwith alumni speakers, and thirteen informai social gatherings withoutspeakers. Président Hanna H. Grayspoke at nine alumni events, andJonathan Fanton, vice-président forAcadémie Resources and Institutional Planning, travelled to ten cities tomeet with alumni.Hohri noted that average attend-ance per program has increased fiftypercent in the last year. She hopes toincrease the number of events nextyear to ninety-five in thirty-sevencities, and to involve even more alumni in thèse programs."Alumni programs are one waywe hâve of developing a sensé of community and a continuing enjoyment ofsome of our best expériences at theUniversity of Chicago," she said.Michael Klowden, AB'67, chairman of the Implementation Committeeof the Ad Hoc Commission on AlumniAffairs, also spoke. Klowden said thatthough much remains to be accomplished, the Implementation Committee is gratified that many of the AdHoc Commission's recommendationsfor improvements in relations betweenthe University and its alumni hâvebeen carried out. He noted progress inthe following areas: coopération between the Development Office and theOffice of University Alumni Affairs incoordinating travel plans and program-ming; club formation; alumni record-keeping; the work and communications of the Alumni Schools Committee;improvement of The University of Chicago Magazine; and revision of the constitution and by-laws of the AlumniAssociation."There is no doubt in our mind asto the commitment of the Gray administration to jmproving relations between the University and its alumni,"said Klowden.Klowden noted that though thework of the Ad Hoc Commission andthe Implementation Committee hadnot been specifically directed towardfund-raising, the work of the University in improving alumni relations hashad and will continue to hâve a directimpact on alumni giving."The alumni of the University ofChicago hâve a great love for the University, and affection for the Universi-32 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/November 1980ty's alumni is returned in full measureby those on campus; but it is onlywithin the last few years that stepshâve been taken to communicate thataffection and interest to the alumni,through the increase in programming,through the improvement of localclubs, and improvements in alumni relations in gênerai," Klowden said.The Cabinet voted to approve therevised constitution and by-laws of theAlumni Association, after makingfurther careful changes in the document. Following are some highlightsof the changed constitution:• Spécifie guidelines and requirements now exist for the créationof a University of Chicago Club.A club is formed on the initiativeof local alumni, who must préparea charter (they may get a modelcharter from the Office of University Alumni Affairs), and sub-mit it to area alumni, either bymail or in a meeting, for ratification. At least twenty-five areaalumni must accept the proposedcharter. Once the club's charterhas been approved by the executive committee of the Cabinet ofthe Alumni Association, officersmay be elected and the club maybecome active.• The purposes of the nationalCabinet hâve been articulated.They are to govern the AlumniAssociation; to set policy; toadvise the University on alumniaffairs; and to corne to campus tomeet with each other in order tohâve the benefits of sharing theirexpériences in their local com-munities, to renew their contactswith the University, and to re-ceive current information aboutcampus events and activities.• Membership in the Cabinet hasbeen restructured. The Cabinetnow consists of the following: ailprésidents of active University ofChicago Clubs; ail members of theNational Alumni Schools Commit- Alumni Association Cabinet members.tee Board (up to a maximum offifteen); ail members of theNational Alumni Fund Board executive committee (up to a maximum of fifteen); the président ofany professional school nationalalumni association; the présidentof any local professional schoolalumni association (designated bythe executive committee of theCabinet after consultation with therelevant professional school); upto a maximum of twenty-fiveat-large members, who areappointed by the executive committee of the Cabinet, afternomination by the Cabinet nomi-nating committee; and the directorof University Alumni Affairs.The executive committee may at anytime increase the number of membersof the Cabinet in any one of the pre-ceding catégories by a majority vote.After the business meeting, theCabinet was adjourned by its newprésident, Beverly Jo Splane. Cocktailsand hors d'oeuvres at Robie Houseand dinner at Hutchinson Commonsfollowed. At the dinner, host JonathanFanton gave Charles W. Boand a rose-wood gavel with an engraved sterlingsilver band, in récognition of his fiveyears of service as the Alumni Associa-tion's président. (Boand has servedlonger than any previous président.)After dinner some of the guests wentto the Homecoming Bonfire and Rally at Hitchcock Court, where members ofthe fall varsity athletic teams were in-troduced.On Saturday, Cabinet membersreturned to Swift Lecture Hall to heara panel discussion with Président Han-na H. Gray; Norman H. Nachtrieb,professor in the Department of Che-mistry, James Franck Institute, and theCollège; Harold A Richman, the Her-mon Dunlap Smith Professor in theSchool of Social Service Administrationand member of the Committee onPublic Policy Studies; and Susanne H.Rudolph, professor in the Departmentof Political Science and the Collège.Following the panel, Cabinet andAlumni Fund Board members lunchedwith parents of members, and members of the football and soccer teams,the Graduate Order of the C, andcoaches in the Trophy Room of BartlettGynmasium.Though the officiai meetings wereover, many Cabinet members lingeredon campus to attend the Homecominggame at Stagg Field between Chicagoand Lake Forest Collège. (The Fores-ters beat the Maroons 17-1.) The spec-tators were treated at halftime to arousing show by the University Gym-nastics Club, the Brass Society, and abona fide Pep Band. ¦(Note: If you wish to obtain a copy of the constitution and by-laivs of the Alumni Association,Write to the Office of Alumni Affairs.)33Alumni Fund volunteers show off their new umbrellas, D. Block, Jr., Donald Feist, Louise Hoyt Smith, Anita(complète with the University's seal), awarded for ex- jarmin Brickell, Mark Brickell, Belle Korshak Goldstrich,traordinary service. (L. to r.) William Schenkein, Philip John Boop.Alumni Fund Drive Sets New RecordThe seventy alumni volunteers(and one non-alumni volunteer)who gathered on campus Octo-ber 11-12 for the eleventh annualNational Alumni Fund Board meetinghad reason to celebrate. This year'scentral annual fund drive was themost successful in the University's history. A record-setting total of$2,102,500 was raised, with 16,444donors contributing.In the two years since PrésidentHanna H. Gray took office, annualgiving among alumni has increased fif-ty percent, and the number of donorsin the annual fund has increased fifty-six percent, Alumni Fund director JonKeates told the group.Keates also told the volunteers ofother records they had helped to set:A total of thirty-four percent ofalumni contributed to the centralannual fund, which represents a sevenpercent increase over the precedingyear.There were 2,800 first-time donorsto the fund, another record."In two years, we hâve movedfrom a plateau of about 10,500 donorsto this year's total of 16,444," saidKeates.Because of thèse successes, the University has satisfied the terms ofthe 1979-80 Joyce Foundation challenge, and has qualified for an addi-tional $150,000 from the foundation.On Friday, volunteers attended aséries of workshops at Ida Noyés Hall,aimed at helping them enhance theirprofessionalism as key volunteer solici-tors for the University. They, in turn,will organize volunteers in their régions. More than 1,700 alumni volunteers participate in raising fonds forthe University in the annual centralalumni fund drive.Volunteers watched a slide présentation by Théodore P. Hurwitz,assistant vice-président for AcadémieResources and Institutional Planning,designed to acquaint them with thearea of deferred giving to the University."This is a specialized aspect offund-raising sometimes encounteredby the volunteers in their work for theUniversity, and we wanted to increasetheir understanding of thèse issues,"said Keates.Jonathan Fanton, vice-présidentfor Académie Resources and Institutional Planning, and William Haden,director of Development, also address-ed the group. Michael Klowden, AB'67, chairman of the Implementation Committeeof the Ad Hoc Commission on AlumniAffairs, (the Schultz Commission,) andchairman of the President's Fund inLos Angeles, gave a report on prog-ress being made in carrying out theCommission's recommendations. (Forhis remarks, see story in this sectionon the Alumni Cabinet meeting.)At lunch, several volunteers weregiven awards in récognition of extra-ordinary service to the Alumni FundBoard. Each received a large maroon-and-white striped umbrella with theUniversity seal on it.P.D. Block, Jr., of Chicago, theonly non-alumnus among the volunteers, was honored for his work asnational chairman of the LeadershipGifts committee of the President'sFund.Alumni volunteers who receivedawards were:Louise Hoyt Smith, AB'37, Chicago Alumni Fund city chairman; William Schenkein; AB'54, Denver citychairman; Dennis Kayes, AB'63, Détroit city chairman; Belle Goldstrich,PhB'34; Miami city chairman; AnitaJarmin Brickell, AB'75, MBA'76, andMark Brickell, AB'74, New York City34 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/November 1980co-chairmen; Charles L. Shano,MBA'66, Phoenix city chairman;Donald Clark, MBA'74, Rockford, ILcity chairman; Donald Feist, AB'68,San Francisco city chairman; and JohnBoop, MBA'68, Tucscon city chairman.During the meeting the executivecommittee of the Alumni Fund Boardapproved the goals for the 1980-81Alumni Fund Campaign, which hadbeen approved earlier by the AnnualFund steering committee. The executive committee, which is made up ofthose volunteers responsible for keycomponents of the alumni giving program, includes Robert Reneker, chairman of the Board of Trustées; P. D.Block, Jr.; Emmet Dedmon, AB'39, atrustée, who is chairman of the Alumni Fund; B. Kenneth West, chairmanof the National President's Fund; andJames Button, AB'39, a trustée, who isdeputy chairman of the Alumni Fund.The goals for the 1980-81 AnnualFund drive are $2.5 million and 17,250donors.In addition, the Alumni Fund Boardset a goal of 3,400 contributors to theCentury Club, (which consists ofdonors who give gifts between $100and $199).Similar goals were established inother gift catégories. Receiving spécialattention this year will be the President's Fund (comprised of donors whogive gifts of $1,000 or more). President's Fund committees exist in sevencities. The organization is being ex-panded to include committees in Den-ver, Détroit, Milwaukee, Minneapolis,and San Diego.At the meeting, Keates announcedthe appointment of two new staffmembers to the Alumni Fund. NanRoberts will replace Karen StoneAB'67, as associate director in theWestern Régional Office, (LosAngeles), and Martha Prozeller will beassistant director in the New YorkMetropolitan office. She replaces Joan-ne Landy, X'61, who managed theNew York office since 1975.On Friday evening volunteerswere guests of Vice-Président Fantonfor cocktails at Robie House and dinner at Hutchinson Commons. Theywere joined by members of the national Alumni Association Cabinet, whowere meeting at the same time.At dinner, Emmett Dedmon waspresented with a spécial award for hisseventeen years of service as nationalchairman of the Alumni Fund Board.He was given a hand-colored engrav- ing of the old University campus (circa1919), by artist Richard Rummell, whowas famous for a séries of engravingsof several universities around the turnof the century.Following dinner, some of theguests attended the Homecoming Bon-fire and Rally at Hitchcock Court.On Saturday, Alumni Fund Boardmembers joined Alumni AssociationCabinet members for a panel discussion on University affairs, led by Président Hanna H. Gray. (See AlumniChicago Club FormedWilliam Hammett, AM'71Chicago area alumni leaders foundedthe first University of Chicago Club ofChicago on September 13 in a meetingat Robie House. The 26,000 alumniwho live in the Chicago area constitutethe single largest régional group ofUniversity alumni.Peter Kountz, AM'69, PhD'76, executive director of the Office of Alumni Affairs, said that by organizing Chicago alumni groups into a club, alumni leaders hope to coordinate existingactivities; cooperate on sponsorship ofand mailings for spécifie events; increase the number of alumni programs; involve more alumni in Chicagoarea planning; and create a greaterawareness of the University amongalumni and throughout the city of Chicago.After welcoming remarks byJonathan Fanton, vice-président forAcadémie Resources and InstitutionalPlanning, Chicago area alumni leadersdescribed the purposes and activitiesof each of their groups. Among thespeakers were Patricia Platt Rosenz- Cabinet story).Following the panel, Alumni FundBoard members and Alumni Cabinetmembers joined parents of players andmembers of the football and soccerteams, the Graduate Order of the Cand coaches, for lunch in the TrophyRoom of Bartlett Gymnasium.Later, the visiting volunteerswatched the Homecoming footballgame between the Maroons and theLake Forest Collège Foresters, at StaggField. ¦Patricia Platt Rosenzweig, AB'61weig, AB'61, chairman of the ChicagoProgram Steering Committee; LouiseHoyt Smith, AB'37, chairman of theAlumni Fund; Jay Berwanger, AB'36,co-chairman of the President's Fund;John Bell, AM'69, PhD'78, DivinitySchool Alumni Représentative; PaulHoffman, MBA'76, vice-président ofthe Graduate School of Business Executive Program Club; John Trainor,MBA'79, co-chairman of the GraduateSchool of Business Young AlumniGroup; Ann Lousin, JD'68, présidentof the Law School Alumni; LouisCohen, SB'48, MD'53, président ofMédical Alumni; and William Hammett, AM'71, président of the Schoolof Social Service Administration Alumni.Dan Hall, new dean of CollègeAdmissions and Aid, also spoke to thegroup, noting that in this year's classof 747 students, more than 500 highschools are represented. Hall stressedthat alumni are crucial in efforts to increase the number of students who décide to attend the University.35ALUMNIEVENTSBOSTONMarvin Zonis, associate professor in theCollège and the Department of BehavioralSciences, spoke on "New Challenges to theWest: The Cultural and Psychological Basesof the Islamic Revival" on June 10 at theHampshire House. Walter Vandaele,MBA'73, PhD'75, président of the University of Chicago Club of Boston, and SusanLeff, AB'71, program chairman, made thearrangements. Jane Snyder, AM'61, took réservations.Chase Kimball, professor in the Depart-ments of Psychiatry and Medicine and theCollège, spoke on "The New Psychiatry:An Integrated Approach to Behavior" at aluncheon buffet October 5 at Dunfey's atLexington. Susan Leff made arrangements.BOULDER, COArnold Weber, président of the University of Colorado and former member of theGraduate School of Business faculty at theUniversity (1958-68), met informally withalumni and parents on April 28 to discuss"Views of a New University Président" or"They Never Told Me About the JBC."David Satterley, MBA'59, and MaureenByers, AB'63, planned the event, held atthe University of Colorado on April 28.CHICAGOLoop Luncheon Séries. Eighty alumniheard David Stulberg, professor in the Department of Surgery (Orthopedics), speakon "Sportsmedicine: What It Is and What ItMeans To You" on June 9 at First NationalPlaza.More than 250 alumni toured ArgonneNational Laboratory, one of the nation'slargest research and development centers,on June 14 and 28.At "An Evening at Ravinia" July 13, 170alumni gathered on the lawn at RaviniaFestival Park in Highland Park, IL to enjoya box supper, complimentary wine, andBach's St. Matthew Passion performed bythe Chicago Symphony Orchestra andChorus.Twelve hundred alumni and their guestsviewed "The Great Bronze Age of China"exhibit at the Field Muséum of Natural History, heard a lecture by Muséum staff, andmet China specialists from the Universityfaculty on October 9. Eight hundred guestswere served a Chinese dinner at theMuséum before the viewing.DENVERBertram Cohler, William Rainey HarperAssociate Professor in Social Sciences in theCollège and associate professor in the De-partments of Behavioral Sciences and Education, spoke on "Récent Advances inthe Study of Adulthood" at the Universityof Colorado Médical Center October 23.Barbara Wagonfield, AB'58, program chairman, organized the event.HARTFORD, CTJonathan Fanton, vice-président forAcadémie Resources and Institutional Planning, had a luncheon meeting on June 26with alumni at The Hôtel Sonesta. AnthonyMaramarco, AM'73, PhD'77, made arrangements.HONG KONG(See page 39)INDIANA"Nonverbal Communication," a talk byStarkey Duncan, associate professor in theDepartment of Behavioral Sciences, was thehighlight of a dinner meeting October 29held in Wicker Park, Northwest Indiana.Elizabeth Williamson, AB'43, AM'48, président of the University of Chicago Club ofNorthwest Indiana, organized the event.KANSAS CITYD. Gale Johnson, the Eliakim HastingsMoore Distinguished Service Professor inthe Department of Economies and the Collège, spoke on the économie policies of theleading presidential candidates on October30. H. Steven Graham, JD'76, vice-président of the University of Chicago Clubof Kansas City, made the arrangements.LONDON(See page 37)LOS ANGELESAlumni spent a day in Little Tokyo onMay 3. Speakers from the Japanese American Cultural Center discussed variousaspects of the area, after which guests wereinvited to view "Image and Life: 50,000Years of Japanese Prehistory" in the Galleryof the Cultural Center.The University of Chicago Club of LosAngeles sponsored an "Oldies but GoodiesParty," a nostalgie evening of music fromthe '50s and '60s, September 6 at the homeof Ruth and Mitchell Shapiro.Marvin Goldberger, PhD' 48, shared "Remarks by a Reasonably Old China Hand"with alumni and parents on October 30 atGeneral Lee's Man Jen Low Restaurant.MILWAUKEEAt a dinner held at the Captain FrederickPabst Mansion on September 23, J. DavidGreenstone, professor in the Department ofPolitical Science and the Collège and member of the Committee on Public Policy Stu-dies, spoke on "Presidential Politics 1980:Can Anybody Win?" Blaine Rieke, MBA'70, président of the University of Chicago Clubof Milwaukee, coordinated the event, andChristopher Berry, JD'76, took réservations.NEW YORK CITYAlumni heard the Norman Ellis JazzQuartet and enjoyed a buffet dinner atMusic Unlimited — the River Barge on June13. Martin Gendell, AB'56, président of theUniversity of Chicago Club of New York,and Marjorie Crown, AB'63, program chairman, organized the event.The New York club sponsored theirannual fall réception on September 25 atthe National Arts Club.Richard Stern, novelist and professor inthe Department of English, met with alumni at a cocktail réception at the PrincetonClub on October 27.Dionysus, the Intercollegiate RécentGraduate Social Committee, an informaialumni organization of récent graduâtesfrom the Ivy League and Seven SistersSchools, invited University of Chicagoalumni with degrees from 1970-80 to aHalloween party October 30 in coopérationwith the University of Chicago AlumniAssociation.PITTSBURGHProgram Séries. Irwin Schulman, AB'51,AM'54, spoke on "The Future of LibéralEducation in the University" July 15 at aluncheon meeting held at The CollègeClub. Schulman is dean of the Collège ofArts and Sciences at the University of Pitt-sburgh. Joan Daley, MBA'75, madearrangements.Program Séries. Thomas Murray, AB'47,JD'51, spoke on "Ethics and Business" at aluncheon meeting September 9 at Arthur'sat the Landmark. Joan Daley organized theevent.ROCKFORD, ILRockford alumni and parents were invited to hear Milton Rosenberg, professorin the Department of Behavioral Sciencesand the Collège, speak October 20 on "TheDécline and Rise of the Cold War Consensus," a public lecture sponsored by RockValley Collège.ST. LOUISWalter Fackler, professor of business économies and director of the ManagementProgram and Executive Program in theGraduate School of Business, spoke on"Doing Business in the '80s" on July 28 atThe Clayton Inn — Top of the Sevens. FredMoriarty, MBA'71, made arrangements.SAN FRANCISCOAlumni and parents gathered at the BachDynamite and Dancing Society at HalfMoon Bay July 19 for the annual meeting ofthe University of Chicago Club of the BayArea. Lucy Ann Geiselman, PhD' 65, président, coordinated the event.36 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/November 1980SANTA BARBARA, CAWaldo Dubberstein, AM'31, PhD'34,spoke on "Understanding the Problems ofthe Middle East" on May 28 at the SantaBarbara Savings and Loan.TOKYO(See page 39)WASHINGTON, DCAlumni spent an evening at Wolftrapseeing the Joffrey Ballet on August 2. Theprogram was preceded by a picnic dinner.Rudiger Kratz, MD'73, made the arrangements.Norman Nie, professor in the Department of Political Science and a senior studydirector of the National Opinion ResearchCenter (NORC), spoke on "ParticipatoryDemocracy and Accountable Governmentin a Declining Party System: An Undi-agnosed Crisis" on October 9 at the National Archives. Carol Unger, AB'69, AM'75,program chairman, made arrangements.An Alumnus In Every PortEdward W. (Ned) Rosenheim, AB'39,AM'47, PhD'53, the David B. and Clara E.Stem Professor in the Department of English and the Collège, and his wife, Mar-garet K. (Peggy) Rosenheim, JD'49, HelenRoss Professor and Dean of the School ofSocial Service Administration, travelledaround the world from July 15-August 5,meeting colleagues, old friends, and University alumni. What follows is a chronicleof their tour by Ned.Grand Hôtel126 Southampton RowLondon 15 July 1980Dear Felicia:Each time we corne back to London —and this is, between us, the sixth trip inthirteen years — I encounter a number ofwhat I call The Things I Forgot to Remem-ber.For example: What Peggy was stuck infor fifteen minutes as we first ascended toour room in this hôtel is called the lift — notthe elevator;Britain is the only country I know inwhich great numbers of adults, unaccompa-nied by the young, can be observed eatingice cream cônes in public;British toilets, unlike British character,lack force. They frequently attempt to com-pensate for their lack of vigor by what I aminclined to call a coda;It seems substantially easier to téléphone Northbrook, Illinois from a Londonhôtel than to communicate with, say,Chelsea;London, especially in a cold, dampsummer such as this has been, is a magical-ly green city — not only because of the big, famous parks, but because of back gardens(I forgot to remember that they're neverback yards) and of course because of thesquares, such as Bloomsbury Square andRussell Square, which are almost equidis-tant from us.For, as you've inferred, we're in theheart of Bloomsbury, and if SouthamptonRow is more redolent of visitors from Amsterdam, Oslow, and Omaha than it is ofWoolfs, or Bells or Stracheys, I hâve oftensuspected that the présent foreigners addmore interest to this area than do the fad-ing, overworked ghosts of past literary oligarchies.Anyhow, we're hère at the GrandHôtel, and, as its name almost guarantees,it is . . . well ... an unpretentious, bed-and-caloric-breakfast, with worn red car-pets, largely occupied by people whoappear to be either Scandinavian or Hollan-ders (very earnest and amiable). Grand it'snot, but extremely welcome after our NewYork-to-London flight on Air India which,despite much kindness by the crew, waslate and long.Our first dinner in London was at theReform Club, and it didn't occur to us untilthe evening was over that it was hère thatPhileas Fogg began and completed his touraround the world in eighty days! We'll do ita bit more quickly (about twenty-five, as Icount them) and probably less colorfully —and of course wind up, when the circuit isfinished, at the Quad Club. But we do feel,I suspect, as venturesome and perhaps un-certain as did Phileas, over a century ago;at any rate, we're soon off to terra incogni-ta, and we'll try to keep in touch.NedHeathrow: 18 JulyDear Felicia:This journal entry actually exploits anunanticipated delay of several hours beforeour scheduled flight départs for Bombay. Iseize this fact to report that, largely thanksto the kindness of London alumni, the dayshère hâve taken on a great deal of charm. ,Yesterday's réception for us was initial-ly planned by S. D. Malaiperuman,PhD'37, organising secretary of the LondonAlumni Association. We enjoyed a visitfrom him in anticipation of the réception,and he was our host on the ride to Hamp-stead to the affair — together with Mrs.Malaiperuman, a musician and educator,and former Hyde Parker who met her hus-band at International House.As for the réception itself, it was heldin the beautiful home of Sir Robert Shone,C.B.E., AM'34, président of the LondonAlumni Association. The house was on oneof the highest spots in Hampstead, onlyyards from the edge of the Heath. I don'tknow how much sensé Peggy and I made(or will make elsewhere!) but the twenty-five or so alumni who were on hand wereinterested and cordial — in an atmosphère,to which, I suspect, excellent sherry and élégant canapés contributed a good deal.Sir Robert received his master's degree inéconomies, and was a student of, amongothers, Frank Knight and Jacob Viner (theIatter of whom, in particular, he virtuallyidolized, as frankly, so did I; so there wasgood talk between us). Sir Robert's indus-trial achievements hâve been in iron, steel,and shipping, but he holds an honoraryprofessorship in City Collège, London, andis a fréquent contributor to scholarly jour-nals. Hère, as 1 imagine in future reports, Isimply can't enumerate the whole battingorder — but I do want to mention peoplewho travelled many miles to join in theoccasion: Dr. Ernest Wohlgemuth, AM'53,PhD'57, and his wife, Evi Ellis Wohlgemuth,AM'52, who came from Leicester; GeoffreyW. Pitt, MBA'56, from Slough; Mrs. M.Rockwell from Reading; Dr. John H. Mon-tague, MS'48, PhD'50, and Mrs. Montague,from Harwell; and my own former student,Robin Halwas, AM'76, now the most prom-ising of bookmen, and his wife.From the réception we proceeded to adinner party at the home of Mr. and Mrs.Helmut Sohnen. Mrs. Sohnen (Anna Pao,X'70) had lunched with Peggy a day or twoearlier and had kindly invited us to a dinner party of the sort one can, I guess, occa-sionally enjoy elsewhere, but reaches itspeak in London: singular graciousness andgood talk and good food and drink, and,among only a dozen or so people, theguests including natives of Holland, Aus-tria, China, the United Kingdom, and corneto think of it, Grand Rapids and Chicago!Only a stern sensé of realism — anent ourearly morning departure for Heathrow andBombay — prompted us to leave at a reason-able hour.I'H spare you my meetings with a fewof the disreputable friends I've cultivatedover past décades — in the British Muséum(now Library) Reading Room and adjacentpublic houses. Peggy did hâve a most en-lightening visit with Mrs. Maria Pimm,X'56, of the University of London's Extramural Department.Let me say (the plane has yet to beannounced) that alumni in Britain are far-flung and widely diversified in their expériences and years at Chicago. And it's certainly not to be expected that they willmeet with regularity and with great uni-formity of concerns. But Peggy and I didfeel, in ail the variety of âges and interestsand occupations, a common pride and interest in the University of Chicago; we inferred this, at any rate, from the kindnessand solicitude which were invariably shownus.But the U.K. is, after ail, a secondhome — and despite The Things I Forgot toRemember, we recognize and cherish in-numerable ties between the Midway andLondon and Cambridge and Oxford andthe rest of Britain's académie and professional life. But now — the plane has beenannounced for Bombay and, we're sure, a37Sir Robert Shone, C.B.E., AM'34 (left), host ofthe réception given by the London Alumni Association on July 17 for Margaret K. (Peggy) Rosenheim, jD'49, (center), and Edward W.(Ned) Rosenheim, AB'39, AM'47, PhD'53 (right).George Ma, MBA'74 (left); C. T. Yung, retiraiprésident of Chung Chi Collège of Chinese Uni versity; and John L. Soong, MBA'42. (right),chairman of the Hong Kong Alumni Association.Robert F. Lusher, Aldaughter M. Lusher: V57, AB'58, JD'59; lusPhyllis McRae Lusher, AB'54; and Margaret K. Rosenheim at alumniréception in Hong Kong. New World . . . but with some old friends.NedBombay AirportJuly 22Dear Felicia:Once again, this cornes from an airportas we await a long-delayed flight, in this instance, Air India for Hong Kong via Delhiand Bangkok. It's long been a common-place that ail airports of any substance areso much alike that, on entering one, you'rein a timeless, placeless establishment thatnever changes — re: food, drink, computers,toilets, patrons, public address Systems,architecture — whether it's called Heathrowor O'Hare or Madrid or Seattle. Well . . .Bombay Airport upsets that one! Its roofpalpably leaks during the brief, drivingrains of this season; rather ugly little birds,making ugly little noises, fly frequently be-neath said roof; there is no visible food ordrink once you hâve proceeded throughcustoms; one can sit in orange mouldedplastic chairs and listen nervously to muf-fled oral announcements about flights (elec-tronic displays and closed circuit TV areapparently unknown to India).But Bombay airport is just a spécimenof what Aristotle (whom I shall not mention again) would call the marvelous butprobable in India — marvelous in its stagger-ing, even traumatic différence from anything we've known before; probable because of a sort of internai consistency andhence predictability. We never hâve beforeseen cows lying in little heaps in the middle of metropolitan streets; or the sort ofsub-human poverty which differs frompoverty we may hâve seen (and we mayhâve seen a lot of it) in kind, not in degree;or the extraordinary beauty of Indian faces;or, not least, the co-existence of the primitive and timeless with the slickness of atechnological âge. For example, our room atthe splendid Taj Mahal Hôtel overlooked ahuge, Las Vegas-ish swimming pool. At theside of it some construction was being car-ried on, and the concrète needed for thislatter purpose was conveved by a steadychain of women, each carrying on her heada large pot containing an incrément of thenecessary building material.But I suppose such observations arethemselves predictable, and I'm anxious toproceed to our alumni "contacts." Ourwritten itinerary enlisted two of the mostgenerous and engaging people, surely, tobe found in the entire roster of Universityalumni. I am speaking of Dr. Kalindi Ran-deri, AM'63, and Dr. Armaity Desai,AM'59, PhD'69, both of whom were await-ing us at 5:00 a. m. in Bombay's steamingairport. They hâve, since that moment ofsacrifice, been infinitely kind to us. Wewere entertained handsomely in the homesof both. Professional visits included thecampus of S.N.D.T. Women's University,where we had a most illuminating talk with38 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/November 1980Dr. Madhuri R. Shah, the brilliant principal;Peggy's sessions were at the Tata Instituteof Social Sciences and Bombay Atomic Research Hospital. There was a final, pleasantevening at one of the local clubs with asmall gathering of SSA alumni, includingAkhter Ahmed of the Atomic Energy Establishment.During our sojourn in Bombay, and inthe course of a wide-ranging and enlighten-ing sight-seeing tour of the city and environs, we stopped for lunch (vegetarianand carefully consecrated by appropriateauthorities) at a large and rather éléganthostel, conducted by the Hari Krishna de-votees — the Bombay chapter of which, wewere assured is a considérable eut abovethe American airport mendicants. Duringthe course of our meal we Were told thatthe Swami (i.e., Président, Father Superior,or what hâve you) of the Bombay chapterwas much interested in our strong Chicagocoloration and would be pleased to grant usan audience — since he too was a Chica-goan! The particulars of this visit are moresuitable for cocktail conversation than foryour solemn pages; let me only report thatsaid Swami was an erstwhile Lab Schoolstudent and a graduate of New Trier HighSchool and Brandeis University. The inade-quacy of the answers to Life's Enigmawhich he had received at the institutions inquestion led him — he informed us at somelength — to embrace the Hari Krishna doctrines some ten years previously; I couldn'thelp reflecting that it may well hâve beenhis splendid training at the Lab School andso forth that helped account for his ascentto eminence in the Hari Krishna Order.One courts gastro-intestinal crises inIndia, and we seem to hâve done so be-latedly but clearly; so that on this, our lastmorning, Peggy and I were simply not upto (I use the term advisedly) talks we wereto give before, respectively, the Collège ofSocial Work and the English Staff ofS.N.D.T. University. Our hostesses viewedthèse défections with characteristic charityand insisted on escorting us hère to the airport — where I suspect they would still behovering compassionately about us if thecustoms officers had allowed them to passthrough their grim portais. As it is, theirkindness, the prospect of Hong Kong, andperhaps the therapeutic powers of airportboredom hâve moved us well along towardtotal recovery. My next communicationshould hâve a good deal to say about HongKong — and, with luck, little or nothingabout our health.NedJuly 27— AboardNorthwest AirlinesFlight #008,Hong Kong to TokyoDear Felicia:As you see, for once this is not produced during the tedium of an airport wait. Indeed, our departure this morning wasastonishingly brisk and simple, thanks inlarge part to the good offices of the fabu-lous Peninsula Hôtel which, not contentwith whisking us to the airport in one oftheir famous Rolls Royces, had a représentative to check through our luggage andengage in various other helpful niceties. Noone who has stayed at the Peninsulacould — or should — avoid a few eestaticwords about that establishment: service,huge beautiful rooms, unsurpassed food;and, although I've never before used theword and never intend to again —ambiance — well, ambiance is what it's got!But you don't want a Baedekeraccount, however enthusiastic. Our excusefor the whole junket, as you may recall, hasbeen Peggy's attendance at the TwentiethInternational Congress of Schools of SocialWork in Hong Kong. There was enoughvestigial Indian malaise so that Peggywasn't up to ail of her assignments, but Ithink she found the sessions she did attendto be congenial and stimulating.We had a wonderful dinner as guestsof Harold Ho, AM'61. And our meetingwith Chicago alumni-in-general was super-la'tively planned and hosted by John L.Soong, MBA'42, chairman of the HongKong Alumni Association. We dined withhim in a smaller group later on that evening, a mémorable occasion in every way.His kindness to us involved not only bringing together alumni of the University ofChicago, but a group of relevant diplomats,newspapermen, business, and so on. Aseducators from an American university, wefound it very interesting to mix with a greatmany people who are concerned with theprocess of éducation in their own country.NedAboard NorthwestAirlines Flight #004Tokyo to Chicago,August 5Dear Felicia:Sooner or later we will arrive in Chicago, after ten days of the most extraordinaiyfun in Tokyo. We were singularly fortunatein the fact that Peggy's first cousin wasmarried to the senior officer of the International Correspondence Administration,USIS, in Tokyo's embassy, and we wereable to stay with them, which in itself wasan enormous luxury. Beyond that, theyknow Japan extremely well, speakJapanese, and hâve a marvelous staff. Itwas ail very red-carpetish, not the least red-carpety moment being the half hour wespent with the ambassador, Mike Mans-field, who's a man of singular charm, themost unpretentious fellow who ever lived,and a very wise Montanan who spoke withgreat enthusiasm of Norman Maclean'sbook, A River Runs Through It. (Maclean isWilliam Rainey Harper Professor Emeritusin the Collège and professor emeritus in the Department of English.)For the benefit of anybody who's neverbeen to Kyoto, I must confess that I, withthe greatest skepticism in the world, notbeing a Japan buff, hâve never had a morebeautiful two or three days than 1 had inKyoto, a place of overwhelming beauty. Westayed at a Japanese inn, The Inn of theThree Sisters, where an old fellow like mehad to take off his shoes on entering. Weslept on those mats, and bathed in that tubfor which of course you must wash yourselfbefore climbing into it, and then float aboutand contemplate eternity. It's a perfectlywonderful thing.The alumni in Tokyo are an as-tonishing group. Peggy gave several talks,one before a large, mostly female group ofTokyo attorneys who are concerned withthe question of delinquency, particulaflyjuvénile deliquency. The questions askedby the audience were wonderfully relevantand searching. Later she spoke to a comparable group— this was largely men — inKyoto on similar problems.Our alumni Contact was at an eveningoccasion in Tokyo when to my great de-light, most of the alumni were Japanese.Our host was a gentleman named IwaoShino, MBA'55, who's with the FeiserCorp. there, and a most charming chap,who was a student at the University atabout the same time I was, originally, andwho, with two or three other merry peoplerecalled this place with a kind of jollity thatwarmed my heart. I like solemn alumni,and alumni who ask me very serious questions, such as what's happened to theHumanities séquence, but there's something even nicer about somebody who asksabout a couple of pubs on 55th Street.The gathering, which was most congenial, was held at International House,which is like our International House inmany ways, tliough our InternationalHouse doesn't hâve a beautiful, gorgeousJapanese rock garden and also a very — letme say — satisfying bar.I had the feeling that as remote asthèse people are geographically from ourUniversity, as différent as ail their ties tothe University may be, from one another orfrom our own, thèse ties are authentic, andjust as profound. We would do very well tobe closer to them, and certainly it's so easyto be close thèse days.I returned home, as I return from anyplace, with a sensé of deep pride in andgratitude for my association with this placefor the last forty-five years.NedCORRECTION:Clifton R. Wharton, Jr., AM'56,PhD'58, chancellor of the State University of New York, is the formerprésident of Michigan State University,and not of the University of Michigan.39Class News1 C Jules Stein, PhBT5, MD'21, found-X \J er of the Music Corp. of America,received the honorary degree of Doctor ofHumane Letters for outstanding achieve-ment from Johns Hopkins University.O ^ Paul Sears, PhD'22, of Taos, NM,Â-.J— received the DistinguishedAchievement Citation of Ohio WesleyanUniversity, Delaware, OH, in June. Sears isan ecologist and professor emeritus at YaleUniversity.O A Margaret Castelaz, PhB'24, was£J~X. honored in June by her friends,neighbors, and former students at a picnicin Tulsa, OK. Castelaz taught in the Tulsapublic schools for forty-two years, andshortly before she retired was named"Teacher of the Year." She still teachesSunday school at First Christian Church inTulsa, and is the founder of the MargaretCastelaz Student Loan Fund.O /T Helen Bevington, PhB'26, is amongj—\J the poets whose work is includedin Contemporary Southern Poetry: An Antholo-gy edited by Guy Owen and Mary C. Williams ( Louisiana State University Press).While on a tour of China with his wife,Jane, in March 1979, Seward A. Covert,SB'26, looked up a former classmate, despite the fact that they had never met incollège. Covert had read that Chou Pei-Yuan, SB'24, SM'26, had been appointedprésident of Peking University. "On arriv-ing in Peking," Covert writes, "our escortsmade contact with Dr. Chou's office. Ex-pecting to call upon him, we were sur-prised when he called on us at ourFriendship House Hôtel the second eveningwe were there. Our visit over coffee lastednearly two hours. He gave us a full pictureof Chinese éducation and a summary of thestate of national political affairs at the moment. It was a meeting we'll not soonforgel."OO Norton Clapp, PhB'28, JD'29, was/LÇj honored in September at cérémonies dedicating the opening of the University of Puget Sound (UPS) Norton ClappLaw Center in Tacoma, WA. Clapp hasbeen chairman of the UPS board of trustéessince 1967. He retired as chairman of theWeyerhauser Co. in 1976 at âge seventyA book by Elmer Gertz, PhB'28, JD'30,and Joseph P. Pisciotte, Charter for a NewAge: An lnside View of the 6th Illinois Consti-tuttonal Convention (University of IllinoisPress), was published on Gertz's seventy-fourth birthday in September.Four décades after she began her doctoralstudies, seventy-three-year-old Ruth M.Tapper, PhB'28, AM'32, received her Ph.D.degree in Latin from the University of Wis-consin, Madison. Before her retirement in1972, she taught high school Latin andmathematics. In 1976 she resumed full-timestudies for her Ph.D OQ Julian H. Levi, PhB'29, JD'31, hasZ_ y been appointed professor of law atHastings Collège of the Law in San Francisco, CA. Levi had been executive director ofthe South East Chicago Commission sinceits founding twenty-eight years ago, andprofessor of urban studies at the Universi-ty-Elbert L. Little, SM'29, PhD'29, is the author of The Audubon Society Field Guide toNorth American Trees, Eastern Région andWestern Région (two volumes, Knopf).0/~\ Trustées at Southern Illinois Uni-\J\J versity at Carbondale (SIUC) pre-sented Henry J. Rehn, PhD'30, with theuniversity's Distinguished Service Award inAugust. Rehn was a professor of management and an administrator at SIUC formore than twenty-five years.Léo C. Rosten, PhB'30, PhD'37, receivedan honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion in New York City.Ol Alice L. Ebel, AM'31, professor^J _L emeritus at Illinois State Universityin Bloomington, has been elected to a four-year term on the Illinois State UniversityFoundation board of directors.Morris I. Leibman, PhB'31, JD'33, partner in the law firm of Sidley & Austin inChicago, has been reappointed chairman ofthe American Bar Association's StandingCommittee on Law and National Security.Leibman has held the post since 1975.QO Edward H. Levi, PhB'32, JD'35, thevJZ. Glen A. Lloyd Distinguished Service Professor at the University, has beenreappointed chairman of the American BarAssociation's Commission on Undergradu-ate Education in Law and the Humanities.Donald C. Lowrie, SB'32, PhD'42, isserving for two years in the Peace Corps inParaguay, where he is surveying the coun-try's plants and invertebrate animais andteaching Paraguayans how to collect, préserve, store, and display organisms in thecountry's new muséum of natural history.Lowrie retired in 1972 from teaching atCalifomia State University at Los Angeles;since then, he has worked with the Gov-ernor's Task Force in Santa Fe, NM toestablish a State Natural History Muséumin New Mexico. Last September, at the âgeof sixty-nine, he placed third in the OldSanta Fe Trail 10,000-meter run.OC Marcus Cohn, AB'35, JD'38, has\J\J been appointed a member of theNational Council on the Humanities byPrésident Carter. Cohn is a partner in theWashington, DC law firm of Cohn &Marks.O /T Robert T. Kesner, SB'36, has beenu/\J elected a member of the AmericanAssociation for the Advancement of Science. A retired marketing director of theCoca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola Cos., Kesner is currently a reserve disaster program officerfor the Fédéral Emergency ManagementAgency and is also a disaster program consultant to the United Nations. He lives inHastings-on-Hudson, NY.ryr7 Alice Zucker, AB'37, received her\3 / Ph.D. degree in English from theUniversity of Califomia, Santa Barbara, inJune.James D. Majarakis, SB'37, MD'40, received the Distinguished Service Award ofthe Department of Surgery of the University of Illinois Collège of Medicine in June forhis "extensive, excellent and dedicated participation in the department's teachingprogram." Majarakis has been a professorin the Department of Surgery at the University of Illinois Collège of Medicine inChicago for seventeen years.Hubert L. Minton, PhD'37, has beennamed the first professor emeritus of theUniversity of Central Arkansas (UCA),Conway. Minton has been associated withUCA for more than seventy years, as a student, teacher, and administrator.Q O Ivan Niven, PhD'38, is co-authorC/O with Herbert S. Zuckerman of AnIntroduction to the Theory of Numbers 4th Ed.(John Wiley & Sons). Niven is professor ofmathematics at the University of Oregon inEugène.OQ Erwin A. Salk, AB'39, AM'41,<DZs président of Salk, Ward & Salk,Inc. in Chicago, has been re-elected président of The East Asian History of Science,Inc. (EAHSI). EAHSI is a trust which raisesfunds to support the completion of themonumental work, History of Science andCivilization in China by Joseph Needhamand Lu Gwei-Djen, both of Cambridge University, England.A Ç\ Nicholas Helburn, SB'40, has beenJLv/ elected président of the Associationof American Geographers. Helburn is professor of geography and graduate administrator at the University of Colorado, Boul-der, and is active in the Natural HazardsResearch and Applications Center there.Norman Maclean, PhD'40, received anhonorary doctoral degree from MontanaState University, Bozeman, in June. Maclean is William Rainey Harper ProfessorEmeritus in the Collège and ProfessorEmeritus in the Department of English.Poems by Paul Baker Newman, SB'40,AM'54, PhD'58, are included in Contemporary Southern Poetry: An Anthology edited byGuy Owen and Mary C. Williams(Louisiana State University Press).William C. Rogers, AB'40, AM'41,PhD'43, is co-author with Jeannie KitchenHanson of The Winter City Book (DornBooks). Rogers is director of the WorldAffairs Center at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis.Jack Schubert, SB'40, PhD'44, has been40 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/November 1980The Man Who Was "Not Good"Once a year, 94-year-old Baptist pastor,civil rights pioneer, and former mountainclimber Dores Robinson Sharpe, X'12,visits the University to hear a lecture bear-ing his name.Established in 1975, the D. R. SharpeLecture on Social Ethics provides "oppor-tunity for the best and most créative mindsto explore society's social needs and présent an ethical standard for modem life."Sharpe's interest in ethics developed incollège. Intending to become a doctor whenhe entered the University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, as a freshman in1904, he quickly changed his mind afterattending a national conférence of studentleaders."Everyone at the conférence kept quot-ing 'Rauschenbusch, Rauschenbusch!' AndI kept asking, 'Who is Rauschenbusch?'When I got through collège I decided tomeet this man."Walter Rauschenbusch, a major leaderof the Social Gospel movement in AmericanProtestantism, was then teaching at ColgateRochester Divinity School in Rochester, NY.Sharpe enrolled there in 1908."Rauschenbusch was a tall, handsome,bearded man," said Sharpe. "I felt at homewith his teachings on social issues. I had always felt that religion was something forthe Street as well as for the cloister."Rauschenbusch took a liking to Sharpe,and asked him to become his secretary andto travel around the country with him as helectured. "I made a little money," saidSharpe. "I'm Scotch, and I liked that."In 1911, Sharpe came to the Universityof Chicago Divinity School on a $1,500 fel-lowship to obtain his doctorate. Though hefinished his thesis, he never realized hisgoal."One day after class, this old professorof the philosophy of religion — this heretic —George Burman Foster, said, 'Stop by myoffice. I want to talk to you.' I thought hewas going to fire me. I went in, and hesaid, 'What are you going to do with yourlife?' 'Well,' I said, 'I'm going to get this degree, if I can, and I'm promised a profes-sorship back in Rochester on ethics.' Hesaid, 'You're not good.' It stunned me.'Why?' I asked. 'You don't belong in thenamed Distinguished Professor of Chemis-try at the University of Maryland, Catons-ville. Schubert will direct a graduate program in toxicological chemistry./Il Albert Somit, AB'41, PhD'47, hasTC _L been named président of SouthernIllinois University at Carbondale.Robert O. Wright, AB'42, has beennamed associate dean for adminis- Dores Robinson Sharpe, X')2classroom,' he said. 'You should get outand mix with people.'Taking Foster's advice Sharpe left theUniversity to become pastor of First BaptistChurch in Edmonton, Alberta. Edmontonwas a poor frontier town of 50,000 people,mostly men."I wanted to establish what I called atthe time, for want of a better name, aschool of religion (in Edmonton). Now, itwouldn't be a highfalutin affair, but itwould transmit to thèse lonely people onthe frontier some practical answers to theethical and moral questions that facedthem. I also wanted to do work among thesettlers. This was a community of peoplewho were trying to build new homes onthe prairies. They didn't hâve any compétent leadership. I wanted to get some helpfor them so that they would feel that theybelonged, that they weren't alone in theworld."To raise money for thèse projects, hepaid a call on fellow Baptist, John D. Rockefeller in New York."Rockefeller received me very warmly.I played golf and he was a great golf fiend.'Young man,' he said, 'give me fourreasons why I should give you money.' Igave him four reasons. 'Well,' he said,'that's pretty good,' and told me to corneback in the morning. The next morning hesaid, T've been pondering thèse fourreasons. I don't think you're askingtrative services at the Peoria School ofMedicine, Peoria IL, a part of the médicalcenter campus of the University of IllinoisCollège of Medicine. Wright was previouslycity manager of Peoria for eight years.Joan Morrison, AB'44, and Charlotte Fox Zabuskv are the authors ofAmerican Mosaic: The Immigrant Expérience inthe Words of Those Who Lived It (Dutton).Morrison often writes on the social sciencesfor The New York Times, McCall's, Made- enough. I don't think the amount youasked for would do a creditable job. So I'vedecided to double it.' That's when I got myfirst $250,000."From Edmonton, Sharpe took the socialgospel to Olivet Baptist Church in Calgary,and then, during World War I, to First Baptist Church in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan."Every able-bodied man in that churchhad been conscripted," recalled Sharpe."As the war progressed, I spent a gooddeal of my time taking messages from thegovernment to the bereaved families."Then came the Russian flu, whichwas a terrible scourge upon the people. Mywife and I had our car equipped with aheater and we put an old-fashioned woodburner in the back and filled it with hotlemonade to minister to the sick. Sometimes when we arrived, we found twomembers of a family dead. Still, ourmethod was proven to be so valuable thatthe doctors came to us and said, 'What areyou doing that we are not able to do?'After the war, Sharpe became superin-tendent of Baptist Churches in Saskatchewan, and then chairman of the Board(Baptist) of Education for Western Canada.From 1925-53 he was executive secretary of the Cleveland Baptist Association inOhio. In Cleveland Sharpe championedmany social causes, including public éducation, international peace, ecumenism, andcivil rights. Sharpe had advocated full freedom and justice for blacks as early as 1917.In Cleveland, he was a member of the executive committee of the NAACP, andfounded, at his friend John D. Rockefeller,Jr.'s suggestion, the United Negro CollègeFund in Ohio.Perhaps battling social ills is only natural for someone whose hobby for much ofhis life was mountain-climbing. Sharpe hasclimbed Mount Robson (12,972 feet), andhas won the Silver Rope, the top award ofthe Canadian Alpine Club for amateurclimbing.Sharpe has put away his pitons, but isstill active as a writer and consultant. Theauthor of several books, including Biographyof Walter Rauschenbusch (Macmillan, 1946),he is struggling to meet one more challenge: the writing of his autobiography.moiselle, and other publications. She lives inMorristown, NJ.Mildred Murstein Seltzer, AM'44, professor in anthropology and sociology andassociate director of the Scripps Gerentolo-gy Center at Miami University, Oxford,OH, has been awarded a grant by theAdministration on Aging to train social science scholars in minority gerentologv research.Paul Lambourne Higgins, DB'45, isserving the United Methodist41Church in Salem, NH, and conducting reli-gious retreats in Rockport, MA. He haspublished seven books, and is at work onhis eighth.Lawrence A. Lundgren, SB'45,MBA'56, received his Juris Doctor degreefrom Chicago Kent Collège of Law in June.A C\ Joseph Gusfield,PhB'46, AM'49,^fcO PhD'54. See 1947, Herbert J. Gans.David Wolf Silverman, AB'46, AM'48,has been named président and chief executive officer of Spertus Collège of Judaica inChicago.AJ~7 Two books by Herbert J. Gans,Tl/ PhB'47, AM'50, professor of sociol-ogy at Columbia University, won awardsthis spring: Deciding What's News (Panthéon) was named the 1979 winner of theTheater Library Association Award for "theoutstanding book in the field of recordedperformance, motion pictures and broadcas-ting"; and On the Makmg of Amencans (University of Pennsylvania Press), co-editedwith Nathan Glazer, Joseph Gusfield,PhB'46, AM'49, PhD'54, and ChristopherJencks, was named to the "1979-80 Outstanding Académie Book List" by Choicemagazine.Kenneth A. Gutschick, PhB'47, SB'48,SM'50, executive director of the NationalLime Association in Washington, DC, haswon the 1980 Award of Merit given by theAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.Ted Renstrom, MBA'47, has beenelected chairman of the board of directorsof Happiness House Rehabilitation Center,Inc. in Sarasota, FL.AQ Richard Atkinson, PhB'48, has_!_(_/ been named chancellor of the University of Califomia at San Diego.Seymour L. Halleck, PhB'48, SB'50,MD'52, professor of psychiatry at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,has won the 1980 Isaac Ray Award of theAmerican Psychiatrie Association. Theaward is given every two vears to an indi-vidual with a distinguished career in for-ensic psychiatry.Kenneth W. Thompson, AM'48,PhD'51, is the author of Masters of International Thought and Morality and Forctgn Policy, both recently published by LouisianaState University Press. Thompson is WhiteBurkett Miller Professor of Government andForeign Affairs and director of the WhiteBurkett Miller Center for Public Affairs atthe University of Virginia, Charlottesville.A Q Michael M. Bernard, AB'49, is theJL y author of Constitutions, Taxation,and Land Policy (two volumes, LexingtonBooks).Paul Khan, SM'49, has been appointedvice-président, director of quality and foodprotection, at ITT Continential Baking Coin Rye, NY.Ruth Sanderson Mackelmann, X'49, isco-author with Jean Komaiko and BeverlyBarsy of Around Lake Michigan (HoughtonMifflin), a recreational guidebook.The new chairman of the advisorycommittee for the Western Canadian Uni- versities Marine Biological Society is Mur-ray A. Newman, SB'49. He is director ofthe Vancouver Public Aquarium in Vancouver, BC, and was invested as a memberof the Order of Canada in October 1979 forhis work in developing the Aquarium during the last twenty-five years.John R. Opel, MBA'49, président anddirector of International Business MachinesCorp., has been elected a director of theCouncil for Financial Aid to Education inNew York City.Continuing Education, a novel byDorothy Coomer Weil, AB'49, has recentlybeen published in paperback (Fawcett CrestBooks). Weil is writing a sequel to hernovel, and a biography of Kate Chopin.Cf| Philip H. Ashby, PhD'50, received\_/\_/ an honorary Doctor of HumaneLetters degree from the University of PugetSound, Tacoma, WA, in May.Laurence Kaufman, AB'50, AM'53, washonored in July with a Certificate of Appréciation from the Electronic Industry ShowCorp. of Chicago. Kaufman has been publicrelations counsel for the firm for twenty-five years.Robert M. Rippey, AM'50, PhD'64,professor of research in health éducation atthe University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, is the author of The Evaluation of Teaching in Médical Schools (SpringerPublishing Co.).ET 1 Francis J. Brooke, AM'51, has been\_/ JL named président of Columbus Collège in Columbus, GA.Barbara Kiefer Lewalski, AM'51,PhD'56, has won the Modem LanguageAssociation's $1,000 James Russell LowellPrize for her book Protestant Poetics and theSeventeenth-Century Religions Lyric (PrincetonUniversity Press). The award is given for anoutstanding book written by a member ofthe Modem Language Association. Thejudges said that "Lewalski's rigorous andpainstaking work corrects many misconcep-tions fostered for the last half-century aboutthe historical and intellectual contexts of themetaphysical poets."Peter G. Peterson, MBA'51, chairmanof Lehman Bros. Kuhn Loeb, Inc. in NewYork, received an honorary Doctor ofHumane Letters degree from NorthwesternUniversity.Clifford B. Reifler, AB'51, director ofthe University of Rochester Health Services,Rochester, NY, has been named intérimvice-président for student affairs at the university.William R. Shealy, PhB'51, is the firstrécipient of the Samuel Nelson Gray Distinguished Teaching Award at VirginiaWesleyan Collège, Norfolk-Virginia Beach,VA. Shealy has been a professor of religionat the collège since 1968.Marvin Edward Stender, AB'51, JD'54,married Drucilla Ramey in August. Stenderis a member of the San Francisco law firmof Garry, Dreyfus, McTernan, Brotsky &Stender.Gaurang Yodh, SM'51, PhD'55, professor of physics at the University of Mary-land, Collège Park, has been named a Distinguished Scholar-Teacher for 1980-81. CH Janet Scott Boyd, AM'52, head of\D Z- the Department of Nursing Education at Eastern Michigan University, hasbeen elected to her second two-year term asprésident of the Michigan Council for Collegiate Nursing School Administrators.Bruce A. Mahon, AB'52, AB'54,MBA'55, has been elected senior vice-président and chief financial officer of theAmerican National Bank & Trust Co. ofChicago.Kenneth S. Tollett, AB'52, JD'55,AM'58, Distinguished Professor of HigherEducation at Howard University, Washington, DC, is chairman of the National Advisory Board and director of the Institute forthe Study of Educational Policy at the university. Tollett is a past winner of the University of Chicago Alumni Association'sProfessional Achievement Award.CO John E. Kasik, SM'53, MD'54,\J\J PhD'62, has been appointed associate dean for Vétérans' AdministrationMédical Center Affairs in the University ofIowa Collège of Medicine, Iowa City.C C William P. Conway, MBA'55, pres-\J\J ident of Daley Collège in Chicago,has been named a trustée of Holy CrossHospital in Chicago.Joanna Redfield Gutmann, AB'55, isdirector of the Older Adult Program at theInstitute of Psychiatry, NorthwesternMémorial Hospital, Chicago, and is in pri-vate practice.C^7 Ingeborg Grosser Maukseh,\_/ / AM'57, PhD'69, Valérie Porter Distinguished Professor of Nursing at Vander-bilt University, Nashville, TN, has beenappointed to the United States HolocaustMémorial Council by Président Carter. Thecouncil will plan a mémorial to the Holocaust, an éducation and research trust, anda "Day of Remembrance."O. J. Sopranos, AB'57, MBA'57, hasbeen elected a vice-président of Amsted Industries, Inc. in Chicago.CQ Edward A. Berman, JD'58, is a\_/0 partner in the new law firm of Berman, Roberts & Kelly in Chicago.Peter F. Langrock, AB'58, JD'60, partner in the law firm of Langrock, Sperry,Parker, & Stahl of Middlebury, VT, hasbeen elected chairman of the American BarAssociation's Section on Individual Rightsand Responsibilities.William R. Rogers, DB'58, PhD'65, hasbeen appointed président of Guilford Collège, Greensboro, NC.CQ Dennis Constant, AB'59, has been\-) y appointed assistant vice-présidentof 1NAX Underwriters Agency, Inc. in Chicago.ÇJT\ Max Abbott, PhD'60, professor ofVjW educational policy and management at the University of Oregon inEugène, is spending the year in Queretaro,Mexico, as a Fulbright-Hays lectufer at theCentro Interdisciplinario de Investigasion y42 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/November 1980Docente in Education Technologia. He willdevelop a degree program in educationaladministration.Thomas W. Hungerford, SM'60,PhD'63, has been appointed professor andchairman of the Department of Mathematics at Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH. His second book, PrecalculusMathematics, was published in April (W. B.Saunders Co.)./l "1 Ben Barkow, AB'61, is président of\J -L an applied psychology consultingfirm, Behavioural Team, in Toronto, ON.Barkow has worked on projects as lofty asToronto's CN Tower and as earthly as sub-way stations.James Hoge, AM'61, has been electedpublisher of the Chicago Sun-Times. Hogehas been executive vice-président of theSun-Times since 1978 and editor-in-chiefsince 1976. Since he has been editor, thepaper'has won five Pulitzer Prizes.Robert Keller, DB'61, AM'62, PhD'67,who teaches American and Indian historyand church history at Fairhaven Collège ofWestern Washington University, Belling-ham, WA, has won the 1979-80 Faculty Excellence in Teaching Award given by theuniversity's Western Foundation.William B. Oglesby, Jr., PhD'61, professor of pastoral counseling at UnionTheological Seminary, Richmond, VA, isthe author of Biblical Thèmes for Pastoral Care (Abingdon).George J. Papagiannis, AB'61, hasbeen elected to the board of directors of theComparative and International EducationSociety. He is associate professor and co-ordinator of the International/InterculturalDevelopment Education Program, Collègeof Education, at The Florida State University, Tallahassee.ZlQ Paul E. Hess, MBA'63, has been\_/v_J elected to the board of directors ofPurdue National Bank in West Lafayette,IN.Judith Newlin Sherwood, SM'63, is aprogramming consultant at the PLATOComputer-based Education ResearchLaboratory at the University of Illinois,Urbana, where she writes computer documentation and helps teachers prépare computer materials. She recently spent threemonths in Capetown, South Africa, doingconsulting work for a PLATO computerSystem. For relaxation, Sherwood plays therecorder in a lunch-time group. She andher husband, Bruce, hâve three children:Dean Anthony, twenty; Karen Anitra,seventeen; and Timothy Alan, fifteen.Léonard L. Thompson, AM'63, PhD'68,has been promoted to professor of religionat Lawrence University, Appleton, WI.Richard H. Van Meter, MBA'63, hasbeen promoted to manager, matrix management, for ITT Cannon Electric, Phoenix,AZ. £LA Doreen V. Blanc, AB'64, MAT'69,V/^t has been named manpower de-velopment manager at Chase ManhattanBank in New York City.Ronald L. Danzig, AB'64, has beenappointed vice-président of the southern division of European Health Spas in Atlanta,GA.William E. Gibson, AB'64, AM'65,PhD'67, has been named senior vice-président, économies and financial policy,for McGraw-Hill, Inc. in New York City.Albert F. Hofeld, JD'64, has beenelected third vice-président of the IllinoisState Bar Association, a post that will leadto his eventually assuming the presidencyof the 24,000-member group.Richard L. Jacobson, SB'64, became apartner in the Washington, DC office of thelaw firm of Mayer, Brown & Platt in Janu-ary.David A. Kelly, MBA'64, has beenelected vice-président and treasurer of Bor-den, Inc., Columbus, OH.The Indian Office: Growth and Development of an American Institution, 1865-1900 byPaul Stuart, AB'64, has been published recently by UMI Research Press. Stuart isassistant professor in the George WarrenBrown School of Social Work at Washington University, St. Louis, MO.65 William Archer Brown, AM'65, hasbeen appointed académie dean ofTRIPS 1981 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO EXTENSIONThe University of Chicago Extension is pleased toannounce to the Alumni its sponsorship of thefollowing study-trips for 1981. Hère is a marvelousopportunity to combine a learning expérience withthe pleasures of travel. For alumni especially it offersa continuing relationship with The University and itsfaculty. A University scholar will accompany eachtrip as lecturer.ARCHEOLOGY TOUR TO PERU— MARCH 9-29(limited to 20 participants)The trip is designed to cover a wide diversity of régions andancient cultures. In addition, it affords an overnight stay inMachu-Picchu and a two dayjungle exploration. If you hâvenot been to this mystical land before, it is time to go.Carol Meyer — Ph.D, Oriental Institute — Tour lecturer.ON THE TRAIL OF JOAN OF ARC— FRANCE— MAY 3-17(limited to 30 participants)Although the story of Joan of Arc pro vides the main focus ofthis trip, the régions visited offer an opportunity to discoverother aspects of French culture and civilization.Gerald Honigsblum — Ph.D, Department of Romance Languagesand Literatures — Tour lecturer.WESTERN EUROPEAN PASSAGE— JULY 17-31Join the M. S. Regina Maris next summer on an enchantingcruise along Europe's major inland waterways from Lisbonto Amsterdam. Besides viewing the régions mostpicturesque landscapes, many of Europes important historié sites and art treasures will be encountered. TheRegina Maris is ideally suited for this unique voyage,providing yacht-like atmosphère with accommodations andamenities of an océan linerTour lecturer: to be announced.TOLSTOY/DOSTOEVSKY/RUSSIA TOUR—SEPTEMBER 6-20(limited to 30 participants)This trip includes one week each in Moscow and LeningradParticular attention will be given to Tolstoy and Dostoevskylandmarks and locations associated with their fictionand lives.Two all-day excursions from Moscow to Tolstoy's estate andto Borodino, site of the great battle between Napoléon andRussia's army in 1812, central to Tolstoy's War and Peace.Four artistic events in each city are included.Marvin Mirsky — Professer, Department of Humanities —Tour lecturer.SAILING TO BYZANTIUM— SEPTEMBER 4-21This art and history focused study trip begins in Istanbul; afull day excursion to Ancient Nicaea; fly to Athens withexcursions to Daphni and the Kaissariani Monastery at thefoot of Mt. Hymetas. Embark from Piraeus on the yachtCavo D'oro for the monasteries of Meteora; then toByzantine Thessaloniki, Mount Athos, Chios. Kusadasi/Patnos, Naxos/Paros, Mistra. Gytheion and Monembasia.Robert S. Nelson — Professor, Department Art and the CollègeWrite for complète brochures The University of Chicago Extension1307 East 60th StreetChicago, Illinois 60637 or call (312)753-3138Buyer, Builder, Salesman, DadKen Léonard, AB'60, MBA'66, with his daughter Debra.Facing a hostile audience is just a routinepart of the job for Ken Léonard, AB'60,MBA'66.Sometimes, when he steps up to thepodium, he feels "waves of hatred comingacross the footlights."Léonard has long since learned how toturn much of the audience's hostilities intoacceptance of his company's projects,which include acquiring Iand and buildingshopping mails on it.Léonard is vice-président of develop-ment for Federated Realtv, Inc., a divisionof Federated Department Stores in Cincinnati, OH, which owns Abraham & Straussand Bloomingdale's in New York, Filene'sin Boston, S. Burdine's in Florida, and I.Magnin department stores on the Westcoast."We might, for example, buy a hundred acres from a farmer at the intersectionof two new highways. When we finish get-ting it zoned, designed, and laid out, wethen approach our own divisions and say,Hère we hâve an opportunitv for you to dobusiness. And then we will go to SearsRoebuck, perhaps, or Wards, and say, Howabout joining Bloomingdale's in this hun- dred-acre parcel? We sell them the land."After we get the major anchor storeslined up, we build a mail between themand lease out space to the small shoestores, jewelry stores, etc.," said Léonard.This process, which once took fromtwo to three years, now may last from fiveto seven years."It's not too much less difficult thanputting in a new atomic energy plant. Today, before the architect or builder caneven start thinking about his craft, youhâve to consider the sociological, économie,and environmental impacts you are creatingfor miles around."Léonard feels that the Collège curriculum has prepared him to deal with themany spécial interest groups which monitorhis development plans."You corne across some really wildthings that you hâve to become — veryquickly — expert at understanding, such asarchaeology, ecology, and historical andarchitectural préservation."You hâve to be a diplomat and usejust about every skill that the old Hutchinsprogram taught. You hâve to treat the mostwild-eyed fanatic with the same care and attention as a well-spoken senior politicalperson from your own community. Andyou're doing this, generally, as a foreigner,an outsider without any connections withan old boy network."Even when you are invited by localpolitical and business leaders to help themrevitalize a deteriorating downtown shopping area, it gets pretty tense. Propertymust be condemned and land cleared.That's fine, but what about the shoemakerwho has been in his shop for twenty yearsand suddenly has his property condemnedout from under him? He's going to standup at the public hearings and fight youtooth and nail."Actually, Léonard thrives on the prob-lems in his work, and when a project isfinished, he feels a great sensé of achieve-ment."When you finally put somethingtogether, and it opens, suddenly ail thepeople who were so dedicated to stoppingyou are first in line to open a chargeaccount. They treat this new addition totheir community as the most important, im-pressive, exciting thing to happen in years.It suddenly becomes the center of the com-munity's life."You are a builder then. Even thoughyou've never picked up a brick and putmortar on it and put another brick on topof it, you hâve in a very real sensé built thatproject."After being on the firing line, Léonarddoes some firing of his own — on the rac-quetball court. "I quite often take my rac-quet and shoes and play some games in theevening with friends when I travel," hesaid.Travelling is the biggest drawback ofLeonard's job."As a young person there is really noway to understand and evaluate the stresses of being away from home, away fromyour family. That's probably the singlemost underrated élément of career sélectionin the business world."Léonard and his wife, Marcia, live inWyoming, OH, a small town on the fringesof Cincinnati. They hâve three children: Debra, 20; Stephen 18; and Linda, 12."I'm very proud," said Léonard, "thatI only missed one of my son's basketballgames as a resuit of being out of town."the Madeira School, Greenway, VA.James L. Lucas, AM'65, AM'70, received his Ph.D. degree in English atNorthern Illinois University, DeKalb, inMav Lucas is professor of English at Wil-bur Wnght Collège in Chicago and lecturerin English at William Ramev Harper Collège in Palatine, IL.Richard C. Omark, AB'63, AM'69, assistant professor of sociology at the University of Michigan at Flint, has received atwo-year post-doctoral fellowship in mentalhealth in the Department of Psychiatry ofthe University of South Florida, Tampa.How to Discipline Without Fecling Guilty:Assertive Relationships with Children, a guidefor parents bv Melvin Silberman, AM'65,PhD'68, and Susan Wheelan was recently published by Hawthorn Dutton. Silbermanis a psychologist in the Department ofPsychoeducational Processes of TempleUniversity in Philadelphia, PA.Margaret (Peggy) Gibbons Wilson,AB'65, MAT'69, received her Ph.D. degreein history from the University of SouthernCalifomia in 1978. Her book The AmericanWoman in Transition: The Urban Influence,44 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/November 19801870-1920 was published in 1979 (Green-wood Press). She is director of research atthe Center for Labor Research and Studies,Florida International University, Miami./l /l Patricia A. Gartland, AM'66, assis-l_/\J tant vice-président of The AmericanCollège Testing Program in Iowa City, IA,has been appointed to a three-year term aseditor of the Journal of the National Association for Women Deans, Administrators, andCounselors.Marie L. Kessel, AM'66 has beenappointed assistant professor of English atSpring Hill Collège in Mobile, AL. She received her Ph.D. in English from the StateUniversity of New York at Stony Brook in1978, and was director of gênerai studies atTerra Collège in Fremont, OH for two yearsbefore accepting her assistant profes-sorship.Elizabeth Landerholm, MST'66, received a doctorate in elementary éducationfrom Northern Illinois University, DeKalb,in June.Harry J. Pappas, X'66, has been namedmanager, technical production coordination, at Smith Laboratories, Inc., Rosemont,IL.Peter Schmidt, SM'66, PhD'72, marriedMartha Kay Corner in July. They live inColumbia, MD, where Schmidt is employedby the Mass Transit Administration ofMaryland.William K. Stell, PhD'66, MD'67, hasbeen named head of the Division of Mor-phological Science at the University of Cal-gary Faculty of Medicine in Alberta. Stellwill also be director of the Lions Sight Centre and the Electron Microscope Unit at theuniversity./l "V Irwin L. Gubman, JD'67, has been\J / appointed vice-président andassociate gênerai counsel of Bank of America NT&SA in San Francisco.Philip C. Kolin, AM'67, associate pro fessor of English at the University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, and his wife,Janeen, who is a nurse, are the authors ofProfessional Writing for Nurses in Education,Practice, and Research (C. V. Mosby Co.)Eric B. Munson, MBA'67, has beennamed director of the N.C. Mémorial Hospital in Chapel Hill, NC./T O Mark S. Auburn, AM'68, PhD'71,V_/0 has been named assistant vice-provost and secretary of the Collèges of theArts and Sciences at The Ohio State University. He is also assistant professor of English. Auburn's third book, an édition ofJohn Dryden's Marriage a la Mode, will bepublished by the University of NebraskaPress in 1981.Robert C. Bartlett, X'68, has beennamed président of McHenry Counfy Collège in Crystal Lake, IL.Thomas S. Christopher, MBA'68, hasbeen elected assistant vice-président of Har-ris Trust & Savings Bank of Chicago.Dennis J. Dingemans, AB'68, has beenpromoted to associate professor with tenurein the Department of Geography of theUniversity of Califomia, Davis. Dennis andhis wife, Robin Datel, were appointed lastyear to serve as Danforth Associates from1979-86.Doris Marie Provine, AB'68, is the author of Case Sélection in the United States Suprême Court (The University of ChicagoPress). Provine is assistant professor ofpolitical science, Maxwell School ofCitizenship and Public Affairs, SyracuseUniversity.Donald B. Thompson, MBA'68, hasbeen named executive assistant to theVétérans Administration's chief médicaldirector in Washington, DC./TQ Edward W. Baies, MBA'69, has\J y been named to the newly createdposition of manager, sales and marketingéducation, for Motorola, Inc., Schaumburg,IL.Women in the Muslim World, a book by Lois Grant Beck, AM'69, PhD'77, and Nik-ki Keddie, was published by Harvard University Press in 1978.Sixteen years after serving as a PeaceCorps volunteer in Morocco, Thomas Dich-ter, AM'69, PhD'76, has returned to run thePeace Corps program in Yemen. He supervises fifty Peace Corps volunteers whowork in health programs and rural develop-ment, including irrigation and wells pro-jects.William A. Galston, AM'69, PhD'73,associate professor in the Department ofGovernment at the University of Texas atAustin, is the author of Justice and the Human Good (The University of Chicago Press),published in August.John A. Garda, MBA'69, has beenappointed senior vice-président and assistant gênerai manager of InternationalHarvester's agricultural equipment group inChicago.Robert E. Kistner, MBA'69, has beenpromoted to director, Systems planning andresearch, for International Harvester'scorporate information Systems services inChicago.Mark G. McGrath, MBA'69, has beenelected a director of McKinsey & Co., Inc.in New York City.Juliana Geran Pilon, AB'69, AM'71,PhD'74, is the author of Notes From theOther Side of Night (Regnery /Gateway). Lastyear Pilon was Visiting Scholar and EarhartFellow at the Hoover Institution, StanfordUniversity. At the same time her husband,Roger Pilon, AM'72, PhD'79, was a National Fellow at the Hoover Institution. ThePilons are both Research Fellows this yearat the Institute for Humane Studies in Men-lo Park, CA, and are the parents of adaughter, Danielle Elaine, born in August1979.70 Softball season has ended for agroup of University of Chicagoalumni in Cambridge, MA: Debbie Belle,AB'70, Judith Ferber, AB'70, Harry Green-wald, AB'70, Ilene Kantrov, AB'70, SteveMORE THAN 1,200 ALUMNI currently assist the Collège Admissions office by interviewing applicants tothe Collège, through the Alumni Schools Committee.If you would like to join in this endeavor, please let me know by filling outthe coupon and returning it to me. Thank you.Dan HallDean of Collège Admissions and AidNameAddressCity . State ZipPhone (Home) __Degree(s) and date(s) (Business)Retum to: Mr. Dan Hall, Office of Collège Admissions, 1116 E. 59th St., Chicago, IL 6063745Piper, AB'70, Jim Womack, AB'70, BillEllet, AB'71, and Glenna Lang, AB'72, andassorted spouses, friends, and neighbors.When it gets too cold to swing a bat, thevturn to touch football.Ronald C. Boller, MBA'70, has beennamed manager of portfolio managementand benefit funds at Owens-Illinois, Inc.,Toledo, OH.Michael Brant, AB'70, writes that hehas forsaken his Honolulu taxi-drivingcareer to study in the Divisional Master'sProgram (Social Sciences) at the University.Peter W. Bruce, JD'70, has beenappointed gênerai counsel and secretary ofThe Northwestern Mutual Life InsuranceCo., Milwaukee, WIJohn Fenner, AB'70, MBA'71, is executive director of Sudbury 2001, an Ontarioresearch and development group forappropriate technology. Before taking thisposition last Christmas, he travelled for ayear in Communist and Islamic countriesand spent several months as a student andas a planning and organizational development consultant for the western monasticcommunity of H. H. the Dalai Lama.Marjorie Gelb, JD'70, has beenappointed gênerai counsel of the Department of Fair Employment and Housing inSan Francisco.Robert Stanley Schwartz, AB'70, andNancy Krasa were married in April.Schwartz is an attorney with Marsh &McLennan Cos. in New York CityMiguel Tauszig, MBA'70, and his wife,Mary Hilma Teahan, MBA'71, are the parents of two boys, Tomas Eugenio, born in1976, and Andres Egon, born in January1980. Mary is manager in charge of theplanning department for the Buenos Airesbranch of the First National Bank of Boston.Miguel is commercial manager in charge ofthe petfood opération of Alinsa SA inBuenos Aires, Argentina.'Vl Roger R. Adams, AM'71, has been/ JL appointed clinical director of theShirley Frank Foundation's Gateway Program, a médical and counseling service foralcoholics in New Haven, CT.Lavina S. Dill, MAT'71, has beenpromoted to lead consultant for ArthurYoung & Co. in Chicago.J. T. Dillon, AM'71, PhD'78, marriedMissy Greear in August. They live in River-side, CA.Bill Ellet, AB'71. See 1970, Debbie Belle.Christine M. Manchester, AB'71,MBA'76, is a second vice-président of theoil and gas lending division of the Denverbranch of Continental Illinois NationalBank. She is married to Gary L. Nakarado,AB'71, who was recently named a partnerin the Denver law firm of Head, Moye,Carver & RayThe Play of the Gods: Locality, Ideology,Structure, and Time in the Festivals of a BengaliTown bv Akos Oster, PhD'71, was published in August by The University of Chicago Press. Oster is associate professor ofanthropologv at Harvard University andassociate curator of South Asian ethnologyat the Peabodv Muséum.Paul T. Owens, MBA'71, has been named an investment officer in the fixed in-come department of Massachusetts Financial Services Co. in Boston.Lawrence R. Sipe, AB'71, has beenappointed supervisor of reading and spécialéducation for the Port aux Basques SchoolDistrict in Port aux Basques, Newfound-land. Sipe graduated in May with a doublemaster's degree in reading and spécialéducation from Temple University in Phi-ladelphia.Mary Hilma Teahan, MBA'71. See1970, Miguel Tauszig.George L. Bernstein, AM'72,PhD'78, has been appointed assistant professor of modem British history atTulane University, New Orléans, LA.Hoyt W. Doyel, MBA'72, has beenpromoted to senior consultant with A. W.Hansen, Inc. in Dallas, TX.Cynthia S. Kaplan, AB'72, is teachingat Tulane University, New Orléans, LA,this year, after teaching at Kalamazoo Collège, Kalamazoo, MI.Glenna Lang, AB'72. See 1970, DebbieBelle.Arnold M. Lund, AB'72, received hisPh.D. degree in expérimental psychology atNorthwestern University. He is a researcherat Bell Laboratories in Holmdel, NJ.Richard A. McCullough, MAT'72, hasbeen named superintendent of the Dayton,OH School Distnct.Nicholas Patricca, PhD'72, recentlyproduced a play about a contemporarypope called The Examen at Chicago's VictoryGardens Théâtre in June and July.H. Michael Semler, JD'72, a lawyerwith the Migrant Légal Action Program inWashington, DC, married Shavaun N. Wallin June.Gordon Hollis, AM'73, writes thathe has moved from Philadelphiawhere he was in charge of the rare bookdepartment at Samuel T. Freeman Au-ctioneers, and is now the buyer at HéritageBookshop in Los Angeles, the largest anti-quarian bookshop in southern Califomia.Hollis would like to hear from old acquain-tances; his address is 827 N. Alfred St., LosAngeles, CA 90069.Stephen W. Lind, MBA'73, has beenpromoted to Lieutenant Colonel in the United States Marine Corps. He is a memberof Marine Air Control Group 48, 4th MarineAircraft Wing, in Glenview, IL.Marc J. PoKempner, AB'73, recentlymarried Debra Evenson. The couple lives inChicago, where Marc is an independentphoto-journalist whose photographs fre-quently appear in Time Magazine, People,and other national publications.Edna Carter Southard, AM'73, hasbeen named éducation and program coordinateur of Miami University's Art Muséum inOxford, OH.Ralph P. Vollmer, MBA'73, has beennamed manager, coal sales, for EmpireEnergy Corp. in Denver, CO.Russell A. White, AB'73, has becomean associate of the West Palm Beach, FLlaw firm of Wood, Cobb, Murphy & Craig.White was recently selected for inclusion inthe second édition of Who's Who in AmericanLaw. Barry Edward Wright, MD'73, marriedBarbara Weilder in May. He is associatedirector of the retinal service at MontefioreHospital and Médical Center, and assistantprofessor of opthalmology at the AlbertEinstein Collège of Medicine in New YorkCity.'T/i Robert Binder, AB'74, MBA'79, has/ T! been promoted to account managerfor the Chicago office of Automated Concepts, Inc. He also teaches computer science in the master's program at DePaul University in Chicago, and is writing a book oncomputer problem-solving, to be publishedby John Wiley & Sons in 1981.Erwin L. Caris, MBA'74, has beenappointed deputy director of fossil energyprograms at the Department of Energy'sArgonne National Laboratory in Argonne,IL. He will serve also as director of a proposed fossil energy plant reliability technology program at Argonne. Cari recently returned from an eighteen-month assignmentin Grimethorpe, England, where he wasdirector of expérimental programs for an International Energy Agency project on pres-surized fluidized-bed coal combustion.John Michael Clear, JD'74, and IsabelMarie Bone were married in May. They livein St. Louis.Marianne Cocchini, AM'74, has beennamed assistant superintendent for culturalaffairs for the Providence, RI Parks Department.Victor L. Crain, AB'74, a senior analystwith Louis Harris & Associates in NewYork City, married Joanne M. Swirsky inJune.Frank P. Tirro, PhD'74, has beennamed dean of the Yale School of Music atYale University. Tirro was a teacher andchairman of the music department at theUniversity of Chicago Laboratory Schoolsfor nine years, and director of the University chorus for two years. He is an authorityon Renaissance music and the history ofjazz, and is known as a clarinetist, jazz sax-ophonist, composer, and conductor.'VC Robert M. Bestani, MBA'75, has/ \-S joined the finance and économiesdivision of Texaco, Inc. in Harrison, NY.He has also worked with the company'sEastern Hémisphère division, where he hadthe opportunity to use his knowledge ofArabie and the Middle East.Stephen G. Dill, MBA'75, has beenpromoted to senior tax accountant at Northwest Industries, Inc. in Chicago.Thomas William Hehman, MBA'75,and Patricia McGovern were married inMay. Hehman is an assistant vice-présidentat E. F. Hutton & Co. in New York City.Gary Kates, AM'75, PhD'78, teacheshistory at Trinity University, San Antonio,TX.Warren G. Moon, PhD'75, has beenpromoted to professor of art history andclassics at the University of Wisconsin,Madison.Charles "Chip" Rice, AB'75, graduatedfrom the School of Law of the University ofCalifomia at Berkeley in May. He is a clerkfor U.S. district judge Albert Wollenberg inSan Francisco.46 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/November 1980Michael S. Serwint, MD'75, has beenappointed assistant professor of medicine inthe Divison of Hematology/Oncology at theUniversity of Kentucky, Lexington.Mark Stein, MBA'75, has been namedmanager of consumer opérations at TRWInductive Products Division, Wheeling, IL.r7/I LaChun Ellison, AM'76, was a Col-/ \J orado delegate-at-Iarge to theDémocratie National Convention in NewYork City in August. She is administrativeassistant and human resources coordinatorfor the city of Northglenn, a Denver sub-urb. She is also a member of the DenverRégional Council of Govemments HousingTask Force and liaison to the Adams Coun-ty, CO Service Agencies' Boards and Commissions.Pamela G. Galloway, AB'76, andChristopher J. Magiera, AB'77, were married in Fairfax, VA in July. Pamela is a résident in the Department of Pathology atCase Western Reserve University School ofMedicine in Cleveland, OH. Chris is amember of the Class of 1982 at the CaseWestern Reserve University School of Medicine.Deepak Gulati, MBA'76, and AlisonMarie Atz were married in May. Gulati isemployed by the financial department ofHoffman-LaRoche, Inc., Nutley, NJ.Susan I. Kirschner, AB'76, has beenappointed as an. administrator at WesternNew England School of Law in Springfield,MA. She administers the second year mootcourt program and is an assistant directorof admissions.Marion Trybula, AB'76, and MarisaCianciuIIi were married in May. Trybula,who received his M.D. degree from theJohns Hopkins Médical School, is a résidentat Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago.John C. Yoder, MBA'76, has beennamed to a one-year appointment as a Judi-cial Fellow of the United States SuprêmeCourt. He will work in the office of theadministrative assistant to the chief justiceof the United States.'7'7 Benjamin DeKoven, SM'77, has re-/ / ceived an award from the NationalResearch Council of the National Academyof Sciences to do up to two years of research for the Naval Research Laboratory inWashington, DC. He is one of twenty-nineyoung scientists selected for the award in anational compétition.Gary D. Gatewood, MBA'77, has beenelected a senior vice-président in the Chicago office of Marsh & McClennan, Inc.Judy Knop, AM'77, has beenappointed principal cataloger for the LoyolaUniversity Libraries in Chicago. She coordi-natees bibliographie control for Loyola University's three campuses.Gregg Reed Krieger, MBA'77, and JoanRandi Friedman were married in May. Krieger is a certified public accountant withArthur Young & Co., Chicago.Christopher J. Magiera, AB'77. See1976, Pamela G. Galloway.Jeffrey Mark Margolies, MBA'77, married Ann Coke Spillman in May. They livein Chicago.Tony Miksanek, AB'77, received his M.D. degree from Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, inJune. He is a résident in family practice atthe University of Wyoming in Cheyenne.David Rieser, AB'77, received his JurisDoctor degree from Washington UniversityLaw School in May. He is staff attorney forthe Illinois Environmental Protection Agency Enforcement Division, Public WaterSupply, in Springfield, IL.Robert T. Sullivan, MBA'77, has beenelected treasurer of the Evangelical HospitalAssociation in Oak Brook, IL.J. Mark Thompson, AM'77, has beenpromoted to professor of religion at Kaia-mazoo Collège, Kalamazoo, MI.Paul T. Tucker, JD'77, has become apartner in the Wheeling, WV law firmBachmann, Hess, Bachmann & Garden.'VO Robert M. Fowler, PhD'78, teaches/ O in the Department of Religion atBaldwin-Wallace Collège in Berea, OH.Steven Nathan Kaplansky, MBA'78,and Laura Shiaferman were married inJune.James Litwin, AM'78, and Gayle Peter-son, AM'80, were married in Bond Chapelat the University in June. Litwin works forNika Corp. in Chicago.Marion A. Ragsdale, MBA'78, hasjoined the New York office of ContiCom-modity Services, Inc. as an account executive.'TQ Gregory P. Givan, AM'79, MBA'80,/ y has been named a financial analystfor Brown-Forman Distillers Corp. in NewYork City.Ronald R. Hunt, MBA'79, has beenelected opérations officer of Harris Trust &Savings Bank of Chicago.Geoffrey Lu, MBA'79, and Misun Oakwere married in June. Lu is a senior financial analyst at American Can Co. in Green-wich, CT.David Mays, MBA'79, and Mary Wol-lenburg Mays, AM'79, are the parents of adaughter, Rebecca Louise, born in June.Gerald L. Swider, MBA'79, has beenpromoted to manager of opérations analysisat Northwest Industries, Inc. in Chicago.0/"\ Joan Bakombe, MD'80, has begunt/V/ a five-year residency in gêneraisurgery at the University of Utah MédicalCenter in Sait Lake City.Nancy Crilly, AB'80, has been namededitor of the alumni magazine and otherpublications of Colby Collège, Waterville,Philip Linton Hawkins, MBA'80, married Elizabeth A. Porter in June.Timothy R. Koch, MD'80, has begungraduate médical training in internai medicine at the Mayo Graduate School of Medicine in Rochester, MN.Robert C. Kunath, AB'80, who graduated from the University with spécial honore in the Department of History, has begun graduate studv as a Fellow of the Department of History at Stanford University.Gayle Peterson, AM'80. See 1978,James Litwin.Deborah L. Winchester, MBA'80, hasbeen elected trust investment officer ofAmerican National Bank & Trust Co. ofChicago. DeathsFACULTY AND STAFFHuberta Livingstone Adams, pioneeringchest surgeon at the School of Medicinefrom 1932-52, and director of anaesthesiolo-gy at the University Hospitals from 1944-52; June.Walter Ludwig Necker, biomédical libra-rian at Joseph Regenstein Library from1968-78, and founder with E. Gustav J.Falck of the Reptile Fanciers of Metropolitan Chicago; December.Malcolm P. Sharp, professor emeritus inthe Law School who taught at the University from 1933-65. Sharp was a prominentopponent of Senator Joseph R. McCarthy'santi-communist attacks during the 1950sand one of the lawyers who defendedJulius and Ethel Rosenberg in appeals fromtheir convictions as spies. In 1949 Sharptold a state législative commission heaccepted faculty sponsorship of the University of Chicago Communist Club,though he was not a proponent of com-munism, because he believed democracy"can thrive only where there is a full andopen examination of ail significant ideas";August.Edward J. Walsh, associate Universityarchitect for rénovations who supervised re-modeling and rénovations in everyacadémie building on campus since 1963;July.THE CLASSES1900-1909Frank S. Righelmer, PhB'02; former CookCounty, IL judge and attorney for the Chicago Board of Education for more than fiftyyears; July.Mildred Powell Kurtz, SB'08; formerteacher and dairy farmer in Michigan; May.1910-1919Louis D. Smith, SBT0, MD'll; Chicagourologist; a staff member of South Chicago,South Shore, Jackson Park, Illinois Central,and Chicago Wesley Hospitals; June.Ralph Caldwell Warne, X'H; May.John Henry Freeman, X'12; founder ofthe Texas Médical Center in Houston; July.Mary Elizabeth Knight, PhBT2; Novem-ber 1979.Edmund C. Humphery, SMT3, PhD'15;former chemist for E. F. Du Pont deNemours Co.; July.Eugène Bird Martineau, PhB'13; formerattorney in Marinette, WI; February.Ada Wilcox Talbot, PhBT3; March.John A. Greene, PhBT4; former head ofOhio Bell Téléphone Co.; June.David Harrison Stevens, PhDT4; formerdirector of humanities of the RockefellerFoundation in New York City; January.John Warren Davis, X'15; retired présidentof W. Virginia State Collège; a former A.I.D.officiai; also affiliated with NAACP's LégalDéfense Fund; July.Russell W. Jelliffe, X'15; founder ofKaramu House in Cleveland, OH, a play-47house where many prominent black enter-tainers, playwrights, and leaders launchedtheir careers; June.Helen Drew Richardson, AM'15; JunePhyllis Hess Strickland, EDNT5; June.Lena B. Ellington, XT6; former professorof social studies at Eastern Illinois University, Charleston; June.'F. Willard Griffith, XT6; October 1979.Charles Oren Lee, SMT7; retired professor of pharmacv at Purdue University, WestLafavette, IN, and Ohio Northern University, Àda, OH; July.Dorothy Danner, PhB'18; February.Isadore Pilot, SB'19; professor emeritusof the University of Illinois Médical Schoolin Chicago; August.Dorothy Lardner Runyon, PhBT9; July.1920-1929Edward Denton Brewer, PhB'20; retiredattorney in Tulsa, OK; August.Norman G. MacLeod, PhB'20; home in-sulation contractor who lived in Amherst,MA; June.Herbert Emil Zobel, PhB'21; June.Russell W. Ballard, PhB'22; the first maiedirector of Hull House in Chicago; June.Constance Smith Cole, SM'22; MavJames W. Huffman, LLB'22; former U.S.Senator from Ohio; May.John R. Montague, MD'22; former médical director of Raleigh Hills Treatment Center for Alcoholism in Portland, OR for thir-ty-four years, and specialist in internaimedicine and diagnostics; July.Charles Fowler Van Cleve, AM'22; retired professor of English at Bail State University in Muncie, IN; May.Léo M. Zimmerman, MD'22; practicedsurgery in Chicago for more than fiftyyears; June.Moving?To change your address for The Universityof Chicago Magazine and ail other Universitymailings, fill out this form and mail it to:ALUMNI AFFAIRS RECORDS OFFICERobie House, 5757 Woodlawn AvenueChicago, IL 60637Please attach old address label hère:New Address:(Name and Class)(Street)(City, State, Zip Code)Please allow eight weeks for changes. Eugène W. Demaree, SB'23, MD'25;physician and surgeon at the PasadenaTumor Institute, Pasadena, CA, who was amédical missionary in Korea in 1929; June.Marian E. Manly, MD'24; retired médicalmissionary in China; April.Howard Charles Amick, PhB'25; department head for Northwestern Bell TéléphoneCo. in Des Moines, IA for more than fortyyears; July.Vernon L. Johnson, X'25; August.James K. Kneussl, PhB'25, JD'27; retiredlawyer, Air Force colonel, and business lawand mathematics teacher at Ferris State Collège, Big Rapids, MI; October 1979,Frank Coe, PhB'26; June.Esther Lazarus Goldman, PhB'26; retireddirector of the Baltimore, MD Departmentof Social Services; June.Arthur Henry Hert, PhB'26; August.Alfred J. Platt, SB'27, MD'32; Chicagoobstetrician and gynecologist; June.James Thomas Russell, AM'27, PhD'31;June.Alta F. Stone, PhB'27; May.W. Hayden Boyers, PhB'29; professor ofFrench and director of the Gilbert and Sullivan Club at Oberlin Collège, Oberlin, OH;April.Cecil F. Denton, PhB'29; June.Mildred Brunner Hanson, AB'29; JulyDonald E. Richardson, SM'29; retired research engineer and professor at Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago; June.Frederick Renfroe Weedon, MD'29;pathologist and médical researcher; July1930-1939Ruth Lanski Biggs, PhB'30; a retiredmusic teacher; August.Lawrence T. Brown, MD'30; March.Adelia Dorothy Mandeville, AM'30;Rockford, IL school teacher and principalfor more than forty years; June.Robert Rand Page, PhB'30; retired professor of philosophy at the University of Illinois, Chicago Circle; August.William Calvin Hoppes, PhD'31; June.Myrtle Whaley Strong, EDN'31; a retiredsocial worker; June.Léon Lassers, PhB'32; professor of spécialéducation at San Francisco State University;June.Orin Tovrov, PhB'32; founder of theRadio Writers Guild, who wrote the famousradio program "Ma Perkins" from 1937-61and later created the télévision show, "TheDoctors"; winner of The Alumni Citation ofthe University in 1965; August.Albert Harward, X'33; retired socialworker; December.Leroy Weiss Mintz, AB'35; October 1979Ann Ratner Teller, AB'35; a Chicagoelementary school teacher for forty-fiveyears; June.Esther Winter, PhB'35; August 1979.Frédéric Smith Marks, SB'36; AprilChester M. Surdyk, AB'37; former contrôler of the Dearborn Assembly Plant ofthe Ford Motor Co. in Michigan; March.Robert A. Caldwell, PhD'38; professoremeritus at the University of North Dakota,Grand Forks; May.Merle C. Dawson, AM'38; former secon-darv school English teacher and chairman of the English department at Grand RapidsJunior Collège, Grand Rapids, MI; June.Eleanor Wright Macy, AB'38, AM'58;July.Edith Lowenstein, JD'39; lawyer whospecialized in immigration cases; June.Marion Salisbury Williamson, AB'39;November 1976.1940-1949Maurice Tauber, PhD'41; Melvil DeweyProfessor Emeritus in the School of LibraryScience at Columbia University, who wasthe author of a number of standard worksin Iibrarianship. Among his many awardswere two of the most important given bythe American Library Association: the Margaret Mann Award in 1953 and the MelvilDewev Medal in 1955.Leroy K. Lubenow, X'42; a retired realestate broker; February.Emily A. Parks, X'42; June.Daniel Walter Peterson, SB'42; professorof avian sciences at the University of Califomia, Davis; June.Jack Louis Recht, SB'42; manager of thestatistics department of The National SafetyCouncil; July.Edward J. Houston, AM'43; former highschool principal in Milwaukee, WI; July.William Alfred Daugherty, AM'44; professor emeritus at Chicago State University;June.Alexander Z. Breslow, PhB'46; professorof pathology at George Washington University in Washington, DC; July.Mary Gregg Bruner, SB'48; former director of the School of Practical Nursing forthe Decatur, IL school System; June.John Bernard Bridgewater, MBA'491950-1969Warren Arthur Bergbom, MBA'51; April.David H. Gronewold, AM'52; professoremeritus in the School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle; April.Buford Helmholz Junker, PhD'54; authorof Field Work: An Introduction to the SocialSciences (The University of Chicago Press);September 1978.Arnold P. Moran, MBA'55; July.Henry E. W. Nieper, X'55; August.Evelyn Jacobson Anderson, AM'57; assistant professor in the Collège of Educationof the University of Maryland for thirteenyears, and former elementary school librar-ian at the University of Chicago LaboratorySchools.Girard L. Bovie, MBA'58; former secre-tary and director of corporate planning forAllen Products in Allentown, PA; July.1970-1979James M. Waller, MD'70; physician andworker rights advocate killed in a Ku KluxKlan rally and counter-protest in Greens-boro, NC; November 1979.John J. Corlew III, JD'75; a lawyer inMemphis, TN; June.James H. Rendall III, AM'77; worked forthe National Fisheries Service of the U.S.Department of Commerce; July.4S UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/November 1980FRESH APPROACHESPICASSO: ART ASAUTOBIOGRAPHYMary Mathews Gedo"Why do you think I date everything Ido?" wrote Picasso. "Because it is notsufficient to know an artist's works — itis necessary to know when he didthem, why, how, under what circum-stances." Following Picasso's ownprescription, Gedo uses the évidence ofhis work to evolve a new interprétation of the vulnérable man behindthe artistic superstar. As an arthistorian who is also a psychologist,she is singularly well equipped todiscem the ways in which Picasso'schanging styles mirror the changes inthe personal relationships of his privateworld. "This book, highly original inconception and exécution, deserves tofind a wide and appréciativeaudience." — Peter Gay8 color, 66 black-and-whiteillustrations. 8lA"x9lÂ" $20.00 METAPHORS WELIVE BYGeorge Lakoff and MarkJohnsonThis arresting book will make youthink, in a whole new way, about thethings you say. Metaphors, the authorshold, are not mère poetical or rhetoricalembellishments but part of everydaylanguage that affects the ways in whichwe perceive, think, and act. They showhow reality is defined by metaphor andhow, as metaphors vary from culture toculture, so do the realities they define.256 pp. 5y2"x8V2" $13.95Kv An .n AuiobiigMpbyMABY M GEDO MATHEMATICS ANDHUMORJohn Allen PaulosComparing mathematics and humor,Paulos points out that: "To a greatdegree, combinations of ideas andforms are put together and taken apartfor the fun of it. Such activities areundertaken for their own sake.Ingenuity and cleverness are hallmarksof both." He demonstrates his owningenuity and cleverness in thisentertaining book, using catastrophetheory to plot the course of a joke orcréative thought in mathematicallygraphie terms. Commenting on hiswork in an Essay, Time wrote: "WithDr. Paulos's breakthrough, Americansmay hâve the means to recover thecapacity to spot baloney no matter howit is sliced."Illustrated. 120 pp. 8"x8" $12.95Mathematics and Humor_ 10% Alumni discount if you use this order formLThe University of Chicago PreSS H030 S. Langley Avenue Chicago IL 60628Please send me book(s) as indicated below. (Any book may be returned within ten days for full refund or cancellation ofcharges, if not completely satisfactory. )Quart. Number Author /Title Price 28482-4 Gedo/Picasso $20.00 46800-3 Lakoff-Johnson/Metaphors $13.95 65024-3 Paulos /Mathematics & Humor $12.95List price total $ Less 10% discount Plus 6% sales tax (IL résidents) Total $ Check, money order enclosed.Charge to Master Charge Crédit card # VisaBank ID (Master Charge only)_Crédit card expiration date Signature Name Address Check, money order, or crédit card # must accompany orders.(Illinois résidents please add sales tax.) Publisher pays postage. City /State /Zip.AD 2507THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINERobie House5757 Woodlawn AvenueChicago, IL 60637 Second ClassPostage PaidChicago, IL 60607ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTEDArt of Provence — Roman, Médiéval and Modemi^^BHMRér -^ALobby, The David and Alfred Smart GalleryA tour organized and conducted by THE DAVID AND ALFRED SMART GALLERYof The University of Chicago AIX-EN-PROVENCE— ARLES— AVIGNON—ST. TROPEZ— MONTE CARLO— NIMES—MARSEILLES— NICE— CANNES— VENCELeaving Chicago March 20, 1981 Returning from Paris April 10, 1981One of the richest artistic régions of France isin the south, in the southern province ofProvence, and the Riviera. Over the centuriesRoman civilization, the culture of the MiddleAges, and some of the greatest artists of ourown time — Picasso, Matisse, and Renoir — hâveleft their traces. On this twenty-one day tour,Rolf Achilles, who is on the staff of The SmartGallery, and a doctoral candidate in the ArtDepartment, will introduce participants to thefamous (and not-so-famous) artistic treasuresof the South of France. And some gastronomieones, as well. Achilles is a specialist inmédiéval art who has lived and studied inEurope for many years.Achilles will présent several pre-tourlectures on the art and culture of southernFrance, and will guide the tour through thegreat (but little known) modem art collectionsof the Riviera; the early Christian baptistry atFrejus; through Cézanne country, and the beauties of ancient and médiéval Avignon; andto a host of Roman monuments andmasterpieces of art.Tour accommodations will be in first-classhôtels with breakfast and some mealsincluded, at famous restaurants. The cost ofthe tour is $3,428 per person sharing, $360single supplément.The cost includes a $350 tax-deductiblecontribution to The Smart Gallery. This feeenables participants to help support one ofChicago's newest and increasingly importantart muséums. Participants' contributions willbe used to purchase a work of art for TheUniversity of Chicago permanent collection, asa gift from the Art of Provence Tour of 1981.For further information and a detaileditinerary please contact Rolf Achilles, TheDavid and Alfred Smart Gallery, 5550 S.Greenwood Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637(312) 753-2124