MERSk '*$&£* -lï.:'v-. • ¦<: v'i'V,-. ^^ • 'VH3WS- < V '•"•-'g®. THE $#JJNIV£RSITY',j -.- ¦•'s$P& h-.-.-.'-, -v»;-. .-4ft ;&.¦ .'. i*3B'¦¦¦ ^¦^'$iM3&^&^^THEUNIVERSITYOF CHICAGOMAGAZINEThe State of the UniveisityEdward H Levi 2iThe Case of the Versatile A. Conan DoyleC. Frederick Kittle 8United States Foreign PolicyRound table discussion with Hans J Morgenthau 15Varsity Football ReturnsPhotographie essay on the Maroons by David Windsor 20New Psychiatry at ChicagoA survey of one of the Umversity's human services departments 2830 Quadrangle News34 People36 Profile Jim Capser40 AlumniNewsVolume lxii Numbers 2 & 3Sept/Oct/Nov/Dec 1969The University of Chicago Magazine,founded in 1907, îs publishedbimonthly for alumni and thefaculty of The Universityof Chicago Letters and editonalcontributions are welcomedThe University of ChicagoAlumni Association5733 University AvenueChicago, Illinois 60637(312) 643-0800, ext 4291Fay Horton Sawyier, '44, PhD'64PiesidentArthur R NayerDirector of Alumni AffairsGabnella AzraelAssociate Editor Régional Offices1542 Riverside Drive, Suite FGlendale, Cahforma 91 201(213) 242-828839 West 55 StreetNew York, New York 100 19(212) 765-5480350 Green Street, Apt 2San Francisco, Cahforma 94133(415) 781-23321629 K Street, NW, Suite 500Washington, D C 20006(202) 296-81002nd class postage paid at Chicago,111 , additional entry at Madison,Wisc © 1969, The University ofChicago Published in July/August,Septembei /October/November /December, January/February,March/Apnl, and May/JuneTHESTATE OF rUMVERSITYEdward H. LeviThe Statutes of the University provide for the Senate to meetnot iess than once a year to hear a report from the Présidentand to discuss matters of University interest.Changes in the last ten years give some perspective on thenature of our University and its problems. During the period,f aculty size increased by forty-five per cent; students by fortyper cent. Increases were gênerai, though uneven, throughoutmost of the University. Within the Divisions, the largest in-crease in both faculty and student numbers was in the Hu-manities. The smallest increase in student numbers was in theCollège and in The Pritzker School of Medicine. The smallestincrease in faculty numbers was in the Divinity School andin the Physical Sciences. Eighteen major buildings were Gom-pîeted. Among them are the Wyler Children's Hospital,Searle Chemistry, the Laird Bell Law Quadrangle, the Centerfor Continuing Education, Woodward Court, the A. J. Cari-son Animal Research Facility, the new High School Building,Pierce Tower, the completely redone Cobb Hall, GoldblattPavilion, the Astrophysics and Space Research Building, Social Service Administration, the Mott Building, the HighEnergy Physics Building, and the just dedicated Hinds Research Laboratory. During the ten years, the University spentmore than $70 million in building construction. Four newbuildings are now going up: thè Regenstein Library, the Social Services Center, the Pick International Studies Center,the Ben May Cancer Research Laboratory. For student hous-ing, in buildings constructed and acquired, the Universityspent more than $23 million. At the beginning of the ten-yearperiod, it was reported that endowment income exceeded thesalary commitments for the tenured faculty. In 1959 totalfaculty compensation for professors and associate professors was $6,761,000. Endowment income was $6,939,000. This com-forting proportion, if that is what it was, no longer exists.Total faculty compensation for professors and associate professors today is $18,377,000, and endowment income is $11,-632,000. Total faculty compensation for ail ranks at the University is now $25,661,000. In 1959 it was $9,353,000. During aperiod when endowment income increased 68 per cent, thetotal budgets went up 148 per cent; student fee income wentup 189 per cent and student aid 394 per cent. Total facultycompensation rose 1 74 per cent, average faculty compensation91 per cent, with the greatest percentage increase at the in-structorship level. I am sure it will surprise many of our faculty to know, either because they regard the figure as toohigh or too low, or just plain mythical, that the averagé faculty compensation with fringe benefits is now $22,072. In1959 it was $11,650. We, apparently, stand third among theuniversities of our country in faculty salary lével, and perhapssomewhat higher if the comparisons are made more précise. Afew years ago we stood second.As is well known, the period was a time of substantial increase in government contracts and grants for research. Overthe ten years, the regular budget of the University, from itsunrestricted funds, rose 149 per cent. Restricted funds increased ninety-seven per cent, while government grants andcontracts went up 247 per cent. Of the three divisions wheregovernment contracts and grants are largest, the greatest increase— 582 per cent— was to the Biological Sciences; then a500 per cent increase to the Social Sciences, and a 269 per centincrease to the Physical Sciences. The ranking is somewhatdifférent for increased expenditures from the University'sown funds, including restricted funds, where among the Divi-2sions and the Collège, the greatest percentage increase wentto the Collège, then next to the Humanities, then to the Physical Sciences, the Biological Sciences and the Social Sciences.In 1959, 21.55 per cent of the total adopted budget was forexpenditures to be made possible through government grantsand contracts; an additional 5.1 1 per cent came from overheadaliowances, largely governmental. The comparable figures forthe adopted budget this year are 28.41 per cent and 5.04 percent. An overview of the sources of income which makepossible the University 's total budget is as follows: government and overhead, 33.45 per cent; tuition, 18.70 per cent;patient fées, 18.66 per cent; gifts 16.43 per cent; endowmentand sun dry, mainly endowment-like, income, 12.76 per cent.In 1959, that endowment and sundry, mainly endowment-like,income amounted to 18.82 per cent.The figures on the sources of income for the total budgetserve to emphasize, of course, the importance of fédéral support for individual faculty esearch and which frequently provides student support. But they also indicate the great dépendance upon private funds, where gifts and endowment andsundry, mainly endowment-like, income amount to almost 30per cent of the total budget. This point is made sharper ifattention is focused on the sources of income which makepossible the University's regular and restricted budgets.If we leave out self-balancing funds and expenditures forthe hospitals and clinics and the Industrial Relations Center,and only include fédéral funds for faculty salaries and overhead, the picture is as follows: tuition 32.67 per cent; gifts27.51 per cent; endowment and sundry income 24.31 per cent;overhead, largely governmental, and government support tofaculty salaries, 15-51 per cent. Thus gifts, endowment ^ndsundry income amount to almost fifty-two per cent of thèsebudgets.It is no pleasure for me in a gênerai talk on the state of theUniversity to give so much weight to thèse figures. I do soonly because of their pverwhelming importance. The realitywhich we must face is shown by the following: In 1959 wecounted on a total of $7,186,000 in gifts to support the budget.Of this amount $1,752,000 was projected as unrestricted forthe purposes of the regular budget. We ended that year witha surplus of $325,000. This year, in order to balance thebudget, we must project $19,328,000 in gifts, of which $9,-328,000 would be for unrestricted purposes. If $9,328,000 isrequired, in order to arrive at that figure, it appears likely we may hâve to use $5,690,000 from the $25 million challengegrant which was givcn to us by the Ford Foundation. Indeed,in order to get $6,751,000 in unrestricted gifts îast year, wehad to use $4,269,000 from the Ford challenge grant. îf wehâve to use $5,690,000 from the Ford challenge grant thisyear, and let us hope this proves to be unnecessary, that willalmost use up what remains of the entire $25 million fromFord. A hole of $5,690,000 in our budget in future years, evenat current levels, is the équivalent of twenty per cent of theregular budget of the Collège, the Divisions, the Schools andthe Library.Another point must be stressed. The budgets of which îhâve been speaking do not include capital expenditures. Theynever hâve. Thèse funds must be raised on their own outsidethe budget. Emergency capital expenditures which must bemade— and there always seem to be some— unless otherwiseraised are a cal! upon those same unrestricted gifts needed tomaintain existing budgets. Desperate pleas for the Universityto complète the amount required to put up a building, whichhas been only partially financed, are also a call upon thèsesame funds unless other gifts are raised or restricted funds canbe tapped for this purpose. A good example of the problemof getting financing for new buildings is the Basic BiologyBuilding, much needed, much planned. This is now estimatedto cost $13 million, of which $5,480,000 has been raised. I donot wish to make us more misérable by pointing out in passingthat most new buildings, when completed, do not carry withthem, nor do they engender, funds for their maintenance.This may well be the financial situation of the private university of quality in the United States in the year 1969. Thisis, in any event, our présent outlook. It is a difficult picture toprésent. The figures are, of course, complicated, subject tointerprétation. They inadequately reflect complexities and nuances. There is a widespread belief that because the society isaffluent, private universities cannot really find themselves inthis kind of a bind. There is a natural hesitancy, although Ifind myself not sharing it, to give news which might be re-garded as discouraging either within the institution or topotential donors. Donors, it is said, do not rise to the oppor-tunity of giving money for déficits. It has sometimes beenState of the University address as delivered to the UniversitySenate by Edward H, Levi, Président of The University ofChicago, on Tuesday, November 4, 1969.suggested that if private universities were brighter in the waythey invest their funds, capital gains would hâve done muchto close the gap. Our university has, indeed, divided its fundsto permit more adventuresome investments with possible pay-outs above a lower annual income when this is not prohibitedby the terms of the gift. But this kind of enterprise will notgreatly diminish the necessity for added gifts and additionalincome. There is also a widespread belief, sometimes sharedby faculty, that because of the rise of fédéral support, privateinstitutions do not hâve a spécial finançial problem. But we dohâve. Compare the extraordinary effort to build eighteen newbuildings on this campus for $70 million over a ten-yearperiod with the almost instant campuses which hâve been ableto arise within some state Systems. The partnership whichstate and private institutions hâve, and should hâve, in ourSystem of higher éducation ought not obscure the fact thatbetween them, sources of funds are somewhat différent;problems and strengths are not always the same.TJL he gênerai burden which is upon the University is that itsproductivity increases more slowly than do es productivity inthe economy as a whole. William G. Bowen, Provost andProfesser of Economies and Public Affairs at Princeton University, studied combined data furnished by Chicago, Princeton, and Vanderbilt, and information supplied him by théOffice of Education for private universities in gênerai. Hefound that the cost per student over the ten-year period from1955 to 1965 in the three universities combined showed anaverage annual rate of increase of 7.3 per cent, and that thedata for ail private universities indicated an average annualrate of increase in cost per student of 8.3 per cent."At the root of the cost pressure besetting ail educationalinstitutions," Professor Bowen writes in a study published bythe Carnegie Commission on Higher Education, "is the natureof their technology. Over the long run, even if the universitieswere to hâve the most progressive leadership and were toshed many of their conservative biases, the odds seem slimindeed that they can hope to match the remarkable record ofproductivity growth achieved by the economy as a whole.. . . And it is the ability of the universities to keep pace, yearafter year, with economy-wide productivity gains which iscrucial for their cost position."He concludes: "the économie implications of the technology of éducation would lead us to expect costs per student torise inexorably, even if universities avoided ail temptations to embrace new fields and new techniques, to accept broaderresponsibility in the world at large, to educate more graHuatestudents relative to undergraduates, and to do more research."And this cost problem falls most heavily upon the majorprivate universities. "The conscientious supervision of a stu-dent's independent work is the essence of high-level graduateéducation, and it is an important élément in the undergraduatepréparation of highly qualified students . . . it is hard to seehow any significant savings in faculty time are to be achievedhère. In short, the very nature of the educational mission ofthe major private universities makes it unlikely they will ben-efit to any great extent from whatever technological innovations do occur. The same comments can, of course, beapplied to other institutions which emphasize graduate éducation or the small group mode of undergraduate instructioncharacteristic of many libéral arts collèges."Our présent state, our quality, our finançial situation— thefact we are hère— are the results of décisions made to attemptto reinvigorate the University as the institution it had alwaysbeen, after the forced budget cuts of the early '50s, the flightof the faculty, the struggle to exist in the community. Thequestion was whether the University could continue to attractfaculty, begin to rebuild facilities and add new ones, do thethings it ought to do within the community, and maintain thatexcellence in teaching and research without which therewould be small reason to hâve a University of Chicago. De-partments of undoubted eminence required reassurance; newareas of inquiry consistent with the basic interdisciplinaryunity of the University had to be developed. Weak depart-ments needed to be convinced the fault lay within, not without. Thèse efforts gained considérable momentum and successby 1959. With the leadership of Président Beadle, they werestrenuously reriewecL To thèse efforts, essentially efforts ofthe faculty, we owe the University's présent undoubted abilityin most of the traditional disciplines, and its equal primacy insome areas further developed during the period, such as non-western studies. Of course, we hâve many inadequacies ofvarying degrees of seriousness, including sometimes ourselves.It is perhaps small comfort to realize a satisfied university isapt a good one. The opportunity for much that has beenachieved came because of the success of the $160 million cam-paign for funds made possible by the Ford Foundation's $25million challenge grant and the efforts of members of theBoard of Trustées and friends of the University. Of course,it was realized the end of this money-raising effort would findthe University with important unmet académie rieeds and4continuing finançial pressures. It was, perhaps, good it wasnot fully realized how acute thèse might be in part, becauseof the spécial vicissitudes of this period. But the $160 milliondrive was projected as only the first leg of an effort to raise$360 million. We hâve $200 million to go, and this, whetherwe can obtain it or not, may be too little. I should remind youthat with or without a drive, our présent level of opérationsrequires us to raise $20 million a year to keep going, andwithout the Ford challenge grant, we are not now achievingthis.uring the last year we hâve continued to build upon thestrength which prior successes hâve made possible. The Physical Science Division now has the excellent new facilities forChemistry and Geophysics, along with the new Astrophysicsand Space Research and High Energy Physics buildings.Looking at Psychology and the diviseness which seemed toovertake it as soon as it moved into the first adéquate quartersit ever had, one is churlishly reminded that new buildingsneed not a department make. But I am sure thèse new facilitieshâve already helped greatly— even with Psychology. I am toldthat Far Eastern Languages is positively enjoying its tenancyin one of the buildings vacated by Geophysics.This has been a year when we hâve been unusually hurtthrough faculty losses due to death, retirement, or résignation.This has been the case, for example, in Political Science, Economies, Middle Eastern Studies, History, the Divinity School,Physics, the Biological Sciences, including among other areas,Surgery, Physiology, Biophysics, and Medicine. But remark-able new appointments hâve been made last year and this, andthat, after ail, is the ultimate test. Moreover, there is thehappy indication, as in History, Economies, Political Science,Law, Education, the Divinity School, Business, Mathematies,Physics, and Astronomy and Astrophysics, of increasing success in finding young scholars of unusual accomplishment.This last list is not intended to be exhaustive. It spells goodfortune for the University if there are major or, for thatmatter, any omissions.The strength of the University is in the individual scholar,the individual student, the tradition of scholarship, the pre-cious and mysterious collaboration which sometimes occursamong scholars and cannot be measured in time spent or un-der the banality of communication. It has been the good fortuné of the University to hâve had many great scholarsthroughout the years. We hâve them now. As colleagues, we value them— young or old— sometimes for their wisdom, always for their insight, when they hâve it. Fortunately we donot always know who the great scholars are— in addition toa Chandrasekhar, a Zachariasen, a Huggins, a Mulliken, aBeadle. I would name others— they corne readily to mind— butthe longer the list the greater the trouble I will be in if thereare obvious omissions. We surely do not know ail those whowill become great scholars. This helps us to -approach eachother with civility, tolérance, and skepticism. In any event, Ibelieve it is correct to state that this institution knows a university begins with the individual. But even though a university should not hâve ail the facilities it craves, physical arrangements, access to materiâls and spécial equipment canshape or can be indispensable to the work of the scholar andthe éducation of the student. In our expectation, the Regen-stein Library already casts a glow. Graduate students mayonce more become accustomed to that kind of individual in-quiry and study which proper library arrangements encourage, and which we hâve not had in many years. Even whenwe complain, which we frequently do, we are fortunate inthe availability of many facilities within and without our institution, such as the still functioning Fermi Institute cyclo-tron, extending its borrowed time, Argonne's ZGS, thetwelve-foot bubble chamber which began operating at Ar-gonne last month, the coming National Accelerator Laboratory at Batavia. Thèse are only a few examples. The hospitalsand clinics are another. To one who works in a field where,despite the commotion about the behavioral sciences, a libraryis the main requisite, there is sometimes a particular awe inknowing such things as the unique development and use ofélectron microscopy now taking place, to be aware of theseven instruments relaying information on particles in space,to see the lunar samples, realizirig how they were obtainedand brought back for analysis. One might feel book-bound,even miniaturized.ïJÊL suppose I mention thèse quite random examples of spécialfacilities, as a préface to making the point that even this university, or perhaps particularly this university, cannot hâveail the facilities it wants or could well use. It cannot hâve ailthe faculty it would like to hâve. It is quite proper that a flowof memoranda, pointing out our présent limitations, shouldcorne from faculty and department chairmen and from students. Distinguished departments frequently point out theyhâve achieved great distinction with a faculty too small in5numbers, if comparisons are made to departments elsewhere.Thé complaint is made so often one wonders whether it doesnot describe a cause for excellence. Wé are reminded contin-ually that our Computing capacity f ails far short of that avail-able at many smaller institutions. We are continually beingtold that if the University wishes to maintain a strong positionin a particular area, we must be willing to take on majorcapital costs. This university, whatever its future, need notcry out for sympathy. There is virtue in some of our limitations. We hâve been and are a small university; the expansionof the last ten years préserves this quality. We are the mostJunified, the least aggregated, of the major private universities.We are a combination of collège, graduate divisions and pro-fessional schools, which unlike a fréquent model, does notrest upon a mass of , undergraduates to pay the bill. We en-tered graduate work from the very beginning, and not inresponse to government contracts, because we th ought therewas a spécial place for a unified institution which would seekto increase and transmit knowledge. There is a priée for thisattempted unity. It imposes a limitation on size. It forces apersistent questioning as to the relationship of old and newactivities to the University as a whole. We learned long agothat we could not do everything, and we discovered thatbecause of this limitation we could do a good deal. This doesnot mean that at times we hâve not departed from this kindof idéal conception. Moreover, many of our unmet needs anddeficiencies are not only serious, they are notorious. Therecord of the last ten years carries a triple and probablyperennial message: an extraordinary amount can be accom-plished; everything takes so long; an enormous amount remains to be done.T.JLhis year, upon the recommendation of the Dean of theCollège and of the Collège Counçil, the size of the College'sentering class was reduced from 730 to 500. The action wasprimarily taken because of shortages in space in the University résidence halls, the désire to undouble 1 3 3 rooms to singleoccupancy, the felt neeessity to create better quarters forhead résidents in six ôf the undergraduate residential housesas part of a long-term program to induce faculty to take partin the cultural life of thèse houses. The shortage and inad-equacies of our residential facilities hâve been known for along time. Ten years ago about half of our student body com-muted to the University from the homes of their parents. Iremember a detailed explanation from one of thé University's leading social scientists why this would always hâve to be thecase. But today this is true for only about three per cent ofour student population. More than forty per cent of our students live in University résidence halls or University apart-ments, and an equal number find housing for themselves inthe immédiate neighborhood of the University. There hâvebeen changes also in what is regarded as attractive or suitablehousing. The University began planning for mpre adéquateresidential units at least seven years ago. Innumerable facultyand student committees hâve passed upon a variety of plans.The projected student village, which has been frequently ap-proved, would give a considérable segment of the studentbody the kind of housing they seem to favor. We need somedonors. I do not know whether to be depressed or encouragedby the fact that it took about twenty-five years from the tinieof initial planning to the beginning of the construction ofthe Regenstein Library.TJLhe réduction in the size of the Collège gives to the faculty of the University an unusual opportunity to work withundergraduates in small groups. This should be one of thecharacteristics of undergraduate training at Chicago, as indeed k should be, and frequently is, at the graduate level. Iam not sure I know what a small group is, and I am notspecifying a particular method of instruction. What is important is the ability to reach and work with the individualstudent, and this can be done in a number of ways. A growingnumber of undergraduates are taking part in research activities with senior faculty with what are described as surprisinglyexcellent results. There should be more such possibilités.In the autumn of last year, the Committée of thé Councilbegan discussions looking toward the broadening of the University Senate which then consisted of professors, associateprofessors, and those assistant professors who had completedthree year' full-time service on académie appointments. Thefaculty Council voted to recommend the inclusion of assistantprofessors who had completed one year's full-tinie service onacadémie appointments at any rank. The change was ap-proved by the Board of Trustées prior to the élection of theprésent Council. The Council, created in 1944 and consistingof fifty-one elected members, has been a unique institution inthe governance of a university. It was an attempt, and I believea successful one, by the Board of Trustées, after consultationwith the Président and a faculty committée, to build what theTrustées described as "a cohérent scheme of administration."6The Statutes describe the Council as "the suprême académiebody of the University, havmg ail législative powers exceptthose matters reserved to the Board of Trustées, the Office ofthe Président, or the other Ruling Bodies " It has "junsdictionover (i) matters affecting more than one Ruling Body, and( 2 ) any action of any Ruling Body which substantially aff ectsthé gênerai mterest of the University" In settmg up theCouncil, the Trustées also provided for an elected ExecutiveCommittée, seven members of the Council chosen annuallyby the Council, with an elected spokesman who serves as thechannel of communication between the Committée and theCouncil This Committée meets every two weeks during theautumn, winter, and spring quarters, frequently more often,and again accordmg to the original plan, the Président is required to keep "the Cçmmittee informe d as far as practicableon ail matters of gênerai University mterest" For somereason, other institutions are now showmg intense mterest inhow the Committée and the Council furction They hâvefunctioned wellTwo years ago I urged the deans to encourage the créationof effective student-faculty committees or councils in ail ofthe académie areas of the University The Council has strong-ly and repeatedly endorsed this proposai More than sixty ofthèse committees are now in opération Their importancedépends, of course, on how they are used and the amount offaculty and student mvolvement in their work It goes without saymg that the exchange of views and the process of délibération among faculty and students -will not work if thefaculty does not play a full rôle The committees represent anecessary opportunity for mutual enlightenment, and theycan contnbute greatly to the programs and opérations of theUniversityThis has been an mteresting year Some over ail impressionsremain They are not starthng I trust they go beyond particular issues The cohérence and direction of this Universitydépend upon its faculty The mstitutional arrangements whichhâve been perfected make this clear It could hardly be other-wise in view of the kind of university this is The mstitutionalarrangements go beyond the Council to the other RulmgBodies, the Schools, the Divisions, the Collège, and to theDepartments and Collegiate Divisions The exercise of re-sponsibihty by the faculty dépends upon thèse bodies havmgregular meetings, not just m time of stress The greatest number of Collège faculty now hâve joint appointments m someother académie unit Partly as a conséquence of this, somedepartments are now much larger than they were Thèse de partments must find new ways of achieving understandingand mter change among their members There is much workto be done No one can look at higher éducation today without wondenng about the correetness of much of the structurewhich has been created It is perhaps natural that some of themost thoughtful mquiries mto our présent forms of éducationand direction for research hâve begun in some of the profes-sional schools There is a sensé m which thèse schools hâveassigned tasks They are aware of problems to be solved—problems which affect the well-being of society, of mankind,of mdividuals They are reminded continually of the mad-equacies of our knowledge They cannot be satisfied with atrammg of students which merely duplicates their predeces-sors The pressures they feel must be upon ail of us TheUniversity as a whole and each of its areas in some ways mustshare thèse concerns We must give constant thought to thekind of contribution— the kind of advancement of knowledgeand understanding— which can be made from hère Becausewe cannot do everything, we must sélect those thmgs we cando and which make a différence This means we must knowourselves and the kind of institution which this can becomeIt means we must overcome a def eating self-prideIJBL would not be true to myself or to you if I did not statemy, admiration for this faculty, collectively and individually,for the members of the Council and the Deans, Masters, andChairmen who hâve carned a greater administrative burdenthan anyone would hâve known Three great Deans hâve wonthe right to shed this burden Two of them, Wayne Boothand Alton Linford, hâve returned to scholarly pursuits Thethird, George Shultz, perhaps finds his arduous duties as Sec-retary of Labor as even something of a vacationUniversities must respond and change Their greatness, ifthey hâve it in any measure, is not to be found in their abilityto express a popular will They are very much of the society,but they are also separate from it They are in themselvesplaces of criticism, discovery, and dissent They must oftengo it alone, just as the individual scholar must find his ownway They may not be the most important institutions m theworld If they lose their character, they hâve no importanceat ailI hâve taken pains to describe to you some of the practicaldifficultés which this University must face We should notbe fearful for this Umversity's future We should, rather,hope that in our hands it will continue to be worthy D7UBfllflUlUlUllliUlUMa^THE eftSE OF THE VERS«il^sOTirlti^C. Frederick KittleCool is the word to describe Sherlock Holmes, really coolif you want two words. His seeming omniscience, his im-perturbability, his remarkable physical abilities, his onlyshow of émotion a terse phrase of advice: "Quick, Watson,the game's afootï" make his character vivid and lasting. It iseasy to find identification and empathy with Holmes. Hisexploits provide just enough fantasy mixed with realism tobe simultaneously entertaining and acceptable. The SherlockHolmes solution: "Elementary, my dear Watson," patron-izing and always correct, has been called déduction, but it isreally intuition, illogical yet so appealingly human that weenjoy it in contrast to the tedium of a rigorously analyticaldétective story. A warm feeling in many who hâve criticalthoughts about the Establishment is elicited by the delightand ease with which Holmes consistently outwits ScotlandYard and Inspector Lestrade.Excepting the Bible no other writings hâve been publishedin as many différent languages, no other stories hâve hadas many éditions as the taies of Sherlock Holmes, and noother fictitious name is as universal. Holmes is the only liter-ary figure about whom a biography has been written; theonly one for whom there are organizations devoted to theperpétuation of his memory. Thèse societies are individuallynamed according to their city and flourish with increasingvigor: Hugo's Companions in Chicago, the Sons of theCopper Beeches in Philadelphia, the Great Alkali Plainsmenin Kansas City, the Speckled Band Club in Boston, the SixNapoléons in Baltimore, to list only a few of many. SherlockHolmes is the most real character in fiction, and to many heactually existed.What manner of man was the creator of Sherlock Holmes?That Arthur Conan Doyle was a physician is fairly commonknowledge, but perhaps his other literary accomplishmentsand his other talents are not well known.Doyle's ancestors were Irish and he was born in Scotland,but throughout his life Doyle was the epitome of the typicalC. Frederick Kittle is prof essor of surgery and chief of thesection of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery at the University of Chicago'' s Pritzker School of Medicine and Hospitalsand Clinics. He headed the University of Chicago heart transplant team vohich performed its frst human heart transplantin December, 1968. Dr. Kittle has been a collector of Doylememorabilia for the last fifteen years.8 Englishman. Grandfather John Doyle left Dublin for Londonin 1850 and soon distinguished himself in the field of politicalcaricatures; his four sons inherited this artistic ability.The eldest, James, wrote and illustrated in color theChronicles of England, a comprehensive history of Englandfrom 55 b.c. to 1485 a.d. His second son, Henry, was managerof the National Art Gallery in Dublin. The third, Richard,illustrated many contemporary books including several forThackeray and Dickens, contributed frequently to Punch anddesigned the cover which until only recently was the hall-mark of this journal. The fourth, and youngest son, Charles,was a government employée who occasionally painted. Hemarried Mary Foley, an Irish girl who traced her descentfrom the French Plantagenets. While living in Edinburgh,their first son, Arthur Conan Doyle, was born on May 22,1859.Although born and reared in the Catholic faith, Doyle de-clined the offer from his uncles of free tuition if he wouldbecome a priest, arousing their lifelong animosity. Chieflybecause of his mother's wishes, he decided to become a doc-tor. Edinburgh had a famous médical school and he wouldhâve the advantage of being at home while attending there.He applied and was accepted.In school he was what would today be termed rebelliousand perhaps revolutionary. Certainly he was not interestedin grades and scholastic achievement. Before graduation theschoolmaster called him up and made the following déclaration:"Doyle, I hâve known you now for seven years, and Iknow you thoroughly. I am going to say something whichyou will remember in after-life. Doyle, you will never corneto any good."With this admonition he entered the University of Edinburgh in October 1876 and received his Bachelor of Medicinedegree in August 1881, three months past his twenty-secondbirthday.Many of the characters to be found in his future writingsresulted from contacts with professors and fellow studentsat Edinburgh. It was hère in the outpatient department thathe met Doctor Joseph Bell, the prototype of SherlockHolmes. The diagnostic acumen of Bell impressed the médical student Doyle tremendously. Repeatedly, Bell woulddemonstrate with piercing keenness his powers of observation and his lightning déduction in the solution of diagnosticproblems,From a long dynasty of surgeons, Bell became surgeon toIMIUMMMM*^^^ffHLE H. e©NÎ\N D0YLE^tlïTTi^Tffltm^the Royal Hospital for Sick Children and président of theRoyal Collège of Edinburgh He excelled as a teacher andtaught the students much besides surgery As he diagnosedthe disease and mjury so did he also ëlicit the occupationand personal charactenstics of each patient Seated m thechmc with his fingertips twisted together, he surprised bothpatients and students by the accuracy of his déductions Oneinstance particularly impressed Doyle"Well, my man, you're m the Army ""Aye ' sir ""Not long discharged^""tyo, sir ""A highland régiment^""Aye, sir""A non-com officer^""Aye, sir ""Stationed at Barbados^""Aye, sir ""You see, gentlemen," explained Bell to his students, "Theman was a respectful man but did not remove his hat Theydo not in the Army, but he would hâve learned civilian wayshad he been long discharged He has an air of authonty andhe is obviously Scottish As to Barba dos, his complamt iselephantiasis, which is West Indian "It might hâve been Holmes addressirtg Watson when JoeBell taught his students the importance of the observation oftrifles Another outstanding personality at Edinburgh wasthe teacher of physics, Professor Rutherford Short andsquat, with a large, fierce black Assynan beard, his bom-bastic manner and boommg voice fascmated and impressedail the students Many of his peculianties were reproducedin the fictitious character of Professor ChallengerAt the University Doyle was an average student, statmgthat he was a "sixty percent man at exammations " Fromthe very first he was forced to supplément his meager finances by extra johs During five years of médical schoolhe worked as an assistant m the poor quarters of Sheffield,the countryside/ of Shropshire, and in the slums of Birmingham It was m Birmingham at the urging of a friend, whoperhaps recognized Doyle's literary talents, that he submittedan adventure yarn to Chamber's Journal This taie, "TheMystery of Sasassa Valley," was based on an old SouthAfncan superstition The story was accepted ana Doyle re-ceived three gumeas His first publication1 Upon readmg itm prmted form, his first reaction was that of anger— thepublisher ha4 takeri out ail the damns tVhile still iin médical school a fellow student abruptlywalked into his room and asked if he would go as surgeonon a whalèr to the Arctic Seâ Tempted by adventure andthe pay of fifty pounds, Doyle found himself a fortnight lateron the Hope, a 200 ton vessel which was to be his home forthe next seven months His 'Arctic expériences made a deepimpression on him and he secured a' wealth of matenal forfuture writings As a direct resuit of the expédition, anothershort story appeared, "The Captam of the Polestar," published m Templebar magazineHe could not forget the fascination of the sea and soonafter graduation in 1881 sailed agam as shrp's surgeon on thefyLayumba of the Afncan Navigation Company It was aspinte4 voyage with stops at many ports along the west coastof Afnca He contracted tropical fever and on the returntnp endurée! a ship's fire of eight days' duration After fouruncomfortable and misérable months he was glad to seeEngland againOn return he entered gênerai practice m Birmingham, butsoon left to jom an old classmate in Plymouth The next fewyears of his life are summanzed in, an autobiographical ac-count called, The Stark Munro Letters This book tells ofhis expériences m practice with his classmate, a thoroughlyincorrigible, fantastic egomaniac— half-genms, half -charlatanThis character, Cullmgworth m the book, is actually GeorgeBudd m lifeA delightful and humorous recollection of Doyle's trialsand tribulations during this period, the account of Gulling^worth's bid for notonety to increase his médical practice,is typical of the entire story Doyle is talkmg with Cullmg-worthMy eye's hafipened to catch the medal which I had droppedlymg upon the carpet I hfted it up and looked at it Prmtedupon it vo as— Près ente d to James Cullmgworth for gallantrym savmg life January 1879 '"Hullo, Cullmgworth" said I "You never told me about{this'"He was off m an instant m hu most extravagant style"What1 the medal? Haven't you got one? I thought everj/-one had You prefer to be sélect, I suppose It was a dittleboy Yoiïve no idea the trouble I had to get him m "uGet him out, you mean ""My dear chap, you don' P under stand f Any one could geta child out Ifs gettmg one m that' s a b other One deservesa medal for it Then there are the witnesses, four shillingsa day I had to pay them, and a quart of béer m the evemngs9You see you carft pick up a child and carry it iù the edge ofa pier and throw it m You'd hâve ail sorts of complicationswith his parents You must be patient and wait until you geta legitvmate chance I caught a qumsy walkmg up and downAvonmouth pier before 1 saw my opportunity He was arather stohd fat boy, and he was sittmg on the very edge,fishmg I got the sole of my foot on the small of his back,and shot him an mcredible distance I had some little diffi-culty m gettmg him out, for his fishmg Une got twice aroundmy legs, but it ail ended well, and the witnesses were asstaunch as possible The boy came up to thank me the nextday, and said that he was quite uninjured s ave for a bruis eon the back His parents always send me a brace of fowlsevery Christmas"Doyle finally left Budd and settled for îndependent practice m Southsea near Portsmouth His clientèle grew slowlyand he spent most of his days cleanmg his house, shoppingand domg other simple household tasks As he describes it"Month followed month and I picked up a patient hère anda patient there until a nucleus of a little practice had beenformed Sometimes it was an accident, sometimes an emer-gency case, sometimes a newcomer to the town, or one whohad quarreled with his doctor I mixed with people so faras I could, but I learned that a brass plate alone will neverattract, and people must see the human being that lies m waitbehmd it Some of my tradespeople gave me their customefsin return for mine, and mine was so small that I was likelyto hâve the best of the bargam There was a grocer that developed epileptic ûts, which meant butter and tea for usPoor fellow, he could never hâve realized the mixed f eelmgswith which I received the news of a fresh outbreak It wasa ghoulish compact, by which a fit to him meant butter andbacon to me, while a spell of health for him sent me back todry bread and saveloys "Gradually his practice increased, probably because ofmany contacts he developed socially He lectured to clubson any subject, played rugby and cricket, bowled, debatedat political meetings, pubhcly supported vivisection, and vo-ciferously argued for vaccination His practice never becamereally large, and when he completed and sent m his firstincome tax report, the agent returned it with the brief comment "Most unsatisf actory " Doyle promptly added, "Iagrée," and mailed it back An inspection of his accounts bythe visiting officiais supported both statements Thèse early years in Southsea were the most active part of his médicalcareerHis only strictly médical writings appeared as brief notesin Lancet and The British Médical Journal There were threeThe first was wntten while he was a student (Brit MJ ,Sept 20, 1879, p 483) In it he describes an experiment con-ducted on himself m which he took mcreasmg doses of anuncommon drug, gelsemmum, listing his reaction and symp-toms daily The other two papers are concerned with casereports, one suggestmg a connection between malaria andleukemia {Lancet, March 25, 1882), the other descnbmg goûtm three successive générations of the same family (Lancet,Nov 29, 1884)His md degree was granted by Edinburgh University m1885 after completion of a thesis "Upon the vasomotorchanges m tabès dorsalis "In 1885 Doyle marned With this greater finançial respon-sibility and the continued scarcity of patients, he devotedmore time to writing In rather rapid succession "The Firmof Girdlestone," "The Great Kemplatz Experiment," "APhysiologist's Wife," and several other short stones werepublishedIn the rnidst of his small gênerai practice at Southsea thefamous couple Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson werecreated and first appeared m "A Study m Scarlet" The famous detective's name is taken after Oliver Wendell Holmeswhom Doyle greatly admire d The detective's technique follows that of another favorite of Doyle, Edgar Allan Poe'sastonishmg sleuth, Monsieur Dupm, who was so successfulm solvmg the "Murder in the Rue Morgue" and "The Mys-tery of Marie Roget" After being returned by several pub-lishers "A Study m Scarlet" was published m 1887 m Bee-ton's Christmas Annual Doyle received twenty-five poundsfor its complète copyrightHistory next claimed Doyle's attention when he delvedmto the seventeenth century conflict between Catholicismand Protestantism Micah Clarke emerged to be followed byother histoncal novels The White Company on the reignof Edward III which was Doyle's favorite work, and later,the humorous accounts of Brigadier Gérard m the Napole-onic Wars Thèse taies fascinated Doyle Although the lead-mg character Gérard is purposely absurd it does not lessenthe excitement of thèse narratives They are among the bestof Doyle and émerge so spontaneously that their gaiety^nd10enthusiasm cannot fail to enchant the reader. The Englishwill accept a Frenchman as a hero as long as he is ridiculous,and Gérard instantly became popular. The foîlowing excerptbetween Gérard and his commander is indicative:"Colonel Etienne Gérard" said the commander, "I hâvealways heard that you are a very gallant and enterprisingofficer."It was not for me to confirm such a report, and y et itwould be folly to deny it, so I clinked my spurs together andsaluted."You are also an excellent rider," the commander con-tinued.I admitted it."And the best swordsman in the six brigades of lightcavalry."Massena was famous for the accuracy of his information.In October 1890 a great splash of newspaper articles an-noùnced that Doctor Robert Koch of Berlin had found acure for tuberculosis. Doyle decided he must see for himselfthough he had no particular interest in this disease. He madethe journey to Berlin for a personal investigation and aftercareful considération was the first to attack this alleged curein the English press. In a letter to the Daily Telegraph hewarned: "The whole thing is expérimental and prématuré."On his way from Berlin he talked with a Sir Malcolm Morris who suggested that he withdraw from gênerai practiceand dévote himself to a specialty. Doyle elected ophthalmol-ogy.In 1891 he visited Vienna and spent four months attendingeye lectures at the famous Krankenhaus. Upon his return toLondon, he set up rooms as an ophthalmologist amidst thefashionable physicians of Devonshire Place. After long hours,weeks, and months of waiting for the first patient who nevervisited, he abandoned himself completely to writing."My rooms in Devonshire Place consisted of a waiting-room and a consulting-room, where I waited in the consult-ing-room and no one waited in the waiting-room."The only thing which came along to me was the rentcollecter so I left my profession. ..."At a dinner in London given by a représentative of theAmerican publisher Lippincott, he met another not-yet-famous young author, Oscar Wilde. Would each of themwrite a novel for the Lippincott' s Magazine? Each promised,Doyle obliging- with the Sign of Four and Wilde with The Picture of Dorian Gray.The Sherlock Holmes stories "with their famous narrator,Doctor Watson, were now immensely popular. Doyle signeda contract with George Newnes, editor of The Strand Magazine, for a séries of thèse. Who could resist them?In the dim light of the lamp I saw him sitting there, an oldbriar pipe between his lips, his eyes fixed vacantly upon thecorner of the ceïling, the blue smoke curling up from him,silent, motionless, with the light shining upon his strong-setaquiline features.In Doyle's Victorian Age such détective stories becamepopular and acceptable, just as western and spy stories hâvein présent times. The advent of railroad travel in Englandincreased a désire for a short interesting taie that could beread in several hours. Most of his Sherlock Holmes storiesappeared in the popular monthly, The Strand Magazine.It is no secret that Doyle did not think highly of his Sherlock Holmes stories, preferring his historical accounts tothose of the détective. He resolved to kill Sherlock Holmesand abolish the ever-increasing demand for thèse adventures.He did so and as he wrote to his mother:"Ail is very well down hère. I am in the middle of the lastHolmes story, after which the gentleman vanishes, never toreturn. I am weary of his name!" and thus, Professor Moriar-ty waited, the precipitous falls of Reichenbach beckoned, andSherlock Holmes was dead— until the public demanded arésurrection.The Great Plains of the United States and particularly itsIndian lore fascinated Sir Arthur. In his Sherlock Holmestaie, "The Three Garridebs," he tells of the wealthy Alex-ander Hamilton Garrideb and his huge farm "lying along theArkansas River, west of Fort Dodge." In this story mimerons références are made to Kansas and Topeka. In an afterdinner talk during his first trip to America he won thefriendship of ail by his compliments regarding America:"I hâve heard even Americans say that life is too prosaicover hère. That romance is wanting. I do not know wThat thèymean. Romance is the very air they breathe. You are hedgedin with romance on every side. ... I love the memories ofshattered castle and the crumbling abbey; of the steel-cladknight and the archer; but to me the romance of red-skinand the trapper is more vivid, as being more récent. It is sopiquant also to stay in a comfortable inn, where you canhâve your hair dressed by a barber, at the same place whereïia century ago you might hâve been left with no hair todress."Another link with the Midwest, and certainly one of whichwe need not be proud, is perhaps spéculative. Sir Arthurgenefally based his characters on real life people. One ofthe best known, but most disreputable individuals to attendthe University of Kansas was Frank Harris, a notorious pub-lisher and intimate friend of Oscar Wilde. It is generallyconceded that Harris, who spent many years in London andEurope distinguishing himself by his sensational journalismand personal scandais, served as the basis for the SherlockHolmes story "Charles Augustus Milverton."Doctor Logan Clendening, well known for his interest andwritings in médical history, was an avid reader of SherlockHolmes and no less addicted than millions of other readers.Clendening testified to his interest by the following accountof Sherlock Holmes arriving in Heaven in the "Case of theMissing Patriarch":Sherlock Holmes is dead. At the âge of eighty he passedaway quietly in his sleep. And at once he ascended to Heaven.The arrivai of few récent immigrants to the celestial streetshas caused so much excitement. Only Napoléon' s appearanceïn Hell is said to hâve equaled the great detective's appearance. In spite of the heavy fog which rolled in from the Jordan, Holmes was immediately bowled in a hansom to audience with the Divine Présence. After the customary exchangeof amenities, Jehovah said:"Mr. Holmes, we, too, hâve our problems. Adam and Eveare missing. Hâve been, 's a matter of fact, for nearly twoaeons. They used to be quite an attraction to visitors andwe would like to commission you to discover them.", Holmes looked thoughtful for a moment."We fear that their appearance when last seen would fur-nish no due" continued Jehovah. "A man is bound to changein two aeons."Holmes held up his long, thin hànd. "Good old Watson,"he replied. "Surely they must differ from the rest of therace.""Well," mused God, "it was given out that they wereJews. I don't want to hurt Professor Einstein's fèelings, but's a matter of fact they were polyglots. Their children resem-bled them very closely, however.""A moment" interrupted Holmes. "With luck— could youmake a pretty gênerai announcement that a contest between an immovable body and an irrésistible force would be stagedin that large field at the end of the street—Lord's, I présumeit is?"The announcement was made and soon the streets werefilled with a slowly moving crowd. Holmes stood by idlyin the divine portico watching them.Suddenly he darted out into the crowd and seized a patriarch and his whimpering old mate; he broùght them to theDivine Présence. r"It is" asserted Deity. "Adam, you hâve been giving usa gréai de al of anxiety. But, Mr. Holmes, tell me how youfound them.""Elementary, my dear God; they hâve no navels."Doyle's médical éducation and his médical expériences, aresoon appreciated by even the shôrtest perusal of his writings,particularly the Sherlock Holmes stories. A few exampleswill indicate the depth and accuracy of this knowledge.There are many allusions to heart disease:In the Sign of Four Major Sholto is dying in heart failure—left ventricular failure, secondary to hypertension, andorthopnea is rightly emphasized as a leading symptom:When we entered his room he was propped up withpillows and breathing heavily . . . grasping our hands h e madea remarkable statement in a voice broken as much by émotion as by pain . . . at this instant a horrible change came overhis expression . . . his eyes stared wildly, his jaw dropped . . .his puise ceased to beat.In the same work there is the graphie account of an aorticaneurysm. As Jefferson Hope is arrested he remarks that hemight not live for the trial:"It isn't suicide I am thinking of; put y our h and on mychJest," he said. Watson did so, and at once became consciousof an extraordinary throbbing and commotion inside. Thewalls of his chest seemed to quiver as a frail building wouldwhen some powerful engine was at work. In the silence ofthe room he could hear a dull humming and buzzing noisewhich proceeded from the same source."Why," cried Watson, "You hâve an aortic aneurysm''Similar examples could be cited about other types of heartdisease, and it is doubtful if the works of any other novelistcontain descriptions of extrasystoles, of edema, of anginapectoris, of aneurysm, or rheumatic valvular disease, and ofhypertension with such careful adhérence to médical détail.Diseases of the lungs, the nervous System, tropical diseases,12anatomy, chemistry, and pharmacology— ail are intermingledin an unusually accurate manner to enhance the reader'sinterest.At least twenty médical men Ait across the stage of thesixty Sherlock Holmes stories. Doctor Watson is generallyconceded to be Doyle himself. Holmes is always in the centerof the picture, however, and perhaps that is why Watsondid not appear to advantage, and why other doctors madeonly such temporary appearances.In 1889 the Boer War claimed Doyle's attention and heattempted to enlist. Before his application could be acceptedhe was asked by a private sponsor to head a hospital unit toSouth Africa.Although his hospital was soon overflowing with dysten-tery patients, Doyle received nothing for his services. Afterthe capture of Pretoria he elected to write a history of theBoer War. His numerous pamphlets, including The Crime ofthe Congo and The Case and, Conduct of the War in SouthAfrica, printed largely at his expense and distributed through-out Europe, helped to acquaint many with actual conditionsin South Africa. For thèse efforts he was awarded Knight-hood in 1902.It was only natural that Doctor Doyle should eventuallyenter into real life detecting, what with the famé of SherlockHolmes. The first instance of this was the case of GeorgeEdalji who had been accused, condemned, and sentenced forseven years imprisonment. AU the évidence had been illegallyfabricated. Three years after the trial, Conan Doyle, attractedby what appeared to be a miscarriage of justice, gave hiswhole attention to the matter, studying reports of the trial,interviewing the Edalji family, and examining the scène ofthe crime. He found that George Edalji held an unblemishedrecord throughout school, was a total abstainer, and had wonnumerous high honors. He had a commendable work recordand among other things was so blind that he could scarcelysee twenty feet. This last point was significant because inorder to commit the crimes of which he had been accused,the young man would hâve had to hâve crossed numerousrailroads, fence rows and other obstacles— ail in the dark.Doyle wrote a séries of articles about this case. Their publication caused such a sensation that the government ap-pointed a committée to review the évidence. Its findings, trueto usual committée form, cleared Edalji of the crime, butrefused him compensation for his three years in prison. Doyle's efforts and détective work resulted in Edalji's free-dom.His success with the Edalji case led to many other requestsfrom other condemned men. Several years later Doyle wasinvolved in the mystery of Oscar Slater, in which the miscarriage of justice was even more severe than it had beenwith Edalji.In 1908 a man entered the Glasgow flat of an elderlywoman, murdered her, and stole a diamond brooch. A fewdays later a German-Jew named Oscar Slater left Glasgowfor New York. By a combination of numerous contrivances,Slater was arrested when he arrived in New York, identifiedby witnesses who had been coached previously, tried andcondemned^ to death. After eighteen years in prison OscarSlater's case was finally reviewed due to the efforts of ArthurConan Doyle and his writings in behalf of the prisoner. Slaterwas finally awardéd 6,000 pounds compensation for his manyyears of imprisonment The government, however, refusedto bear the expense of the trial and, since Doyle had engi-neered the appeal, he made himself legally responsible for thisexpense. Doyle believed that Oscar Slater would. refund thecosts of the appeal from the money that he received. Slater,on the other hand, thought the government was responsibleand considérable friction ensued between Doyle and Slater asto which of them should pay. As it was finally settled, Doylebore the expenses not only for the trial, but for ail his per-sonal efforts in freeing Oscar Slater. Thèse incidents areworth noting because they illustrate the sporting instinct ofDoyle to défend the underdog and the practical applicationof detecting methods for which Sherlock Holmes was nowa pattern.In 191 2 at the âge of flfty-three, Doyle entered the realmof science fiction. His first effort was "The Lost World."This was a captivating account set in the Mato Grosso inBrazil teeming with pterodactyls, dinosaurs, iguanodons andother prehistoric fauna and flora. It was in "The Lost World"that Professor Challenger first appeared, with Professor Ruth-erford as the mode!.. Although Challenger delineates many ofRutherford's physical characteristics— his originality, idiosyn-crasies, fiery energy and uncertain temper— many of the fea-tures of Doyle's old friend Doctor Budd are also présent.Perhaps most entertaining of ail the Professor Challengerséries is "The Poison Belt" which appeared in 191 3. In thistaie the inhabitants of the world are destroyed by a poisonous13gas m the atmosphère The collection of Doyle's science fiction is unforgettable and ranks with that of H G WellsFollowing the onset of World War I he organized one ofthe first volunteer forces which rapidly grew to a corps of200,000 people It was the forerunner of the Home Guard inWorld War II Doyle femamed a private in his local Company from 19 14 to 19 18— drilhng, camping, target shootingand thoroughly enjoying ail of it even at his âge of sixtyHe also wrote many and varied commçntanes m the news-papers concermng warfare and its conduct He suggested im-provements such as body armor and shields for the mfantryand collapsible boats and rubber collars for the navy, manyof which were subsequently adopted He also wrote numerous pamphlets, made fréquent trips to the front lmes, andbegan an officiai history at the request of the governmentThis is a six volume and very readable, detailed account ofWorld War I entitled The Brmsh Campaign m France andFlandersThroughout life Doyle was mterested in many sports andby his enthusiastic support did much to promote several ofthem He became mterested m boxmg at the University ofEdinburgh and maintamed this interest for years His mention of boxmg m the Sherlock Holmes stories and in twonovels, Rodney Stone and The Croxley Master, helped topopulanze this sport which, until his time, was held in littleesteem by the public His novels about boxmg portray thesportmg and social world in London during the RegencyperiodWith his six feet, two mch, 220 pound frame, Doyle didwell m soccer and cricket, playmg thèse until almost fiftyHe had great skill at bilhards and was aiso an enthusiasticand early participant m motonng and balloonmgIn 1895 while vacationmg in Switzerland, he planned a golfcourse there and like many prominent citizens today enjoyedgolfing during his numerous txavels In the same year atDavos, havmg just read Nansen's account of crossing Green-land on skis, he mterested two businessmen m the idea ofintroducing sknnpp to Switzerland They caught his enthu-siasm, sent to Norway for skis, and withm a short time skiingwas^ firmly established His interest in sports culmmated inhis bemg asked to serve as président of the 191 6 OlympicGames to be held m SwedenFor the last ten years of his life he devoted himself to thegreatest mystery of ail Doyle's nature demanded a religion The Jesuits had disgusted him with their hellfire nonsense andhe was too rationaJ to accept any ready made creeds availableat that time He looked long and hard for a faith that wouldharmonize with his tempérament Doyle wanted to believe ma future life so he adopted spintualismAs with everything he undertook, from the writing of his-toncal novels to the exposure of Bntish justice, he was thor-ough, leaving no source of information untapped When hisstudies were completed, he possessed one of the largest li-branes of literature about spintualism m the world Hauntedhouses, sepulchral voices, moving tables, automatic lightmg,matenalization of limbs, lévitation of bodies, mysterioussounds, lights and torches— everything was présent to stimu-late and satisfy his love of the uriusual and supernatural Thereasons Doyle gave for future life were quite pragmatic "Ifthere is no afterlife, why should man strive to improve himself ? It is a waste if ail of his efforts end in annihilation "This matenalism like that of many others compelled himto make converts to his faith, and he began a vigorous cru-sade for spintualism Pamphlets and books flowed almostceaselessly from his facile pen, talks and travels followed mrapid successionThe best paid writer of his time, earnmg ten shillings perword, he abandoned fiction at the âge of sixty and devotedhimself exclusively to an exhaustmg campaign in behalf of hispsychic religion The New Révélation, The Vital Message,The Land of Mist, The Mystery of Spintualism, The Corningof the F aines, Phmeas Speaks, The Edge of the Unknown,pamphlets, countless letters, speeches, and debates— ail on thesubject of spintualism He became the most zealous of ailspintualists, spending much of his time and fortune attempt-mg to contact the deadA tour of Grèat Bntam, Australia, America, South Africa,a runnmg debate with Houdmi, America agam, and thenEurope— an estimated 50,000 miles to promote his cause Inthe midst of his efforts he had a myocardial mfarct, and, afterseveral months of illness, quietly died on July 7, 1930He was a combmation of many différent entities blendedmto one the physician, the sportsman, the champion of theundertrod, the histonan, the orator, and the author A man ofamazing versatility and boundless energy On his tombstoneis engraved his name, his birthdate, and four wordsSTEEL TRUE, BLADE STRAIGHTWhat more need be said DH???????*??*???*?????*?????This article is the edited transcription of a Round Table télévision program produced by WTTW, Channel 11, Chicago,earlier this year The Round Table is a séries produced m coopération with The University of Chicago Discussions areentirely without script, although participants meet m advanceto confer ontopics for their program The participants for"United States Foreign Policy" were Ernest Lefever, seniorfellow for foreign policy studies at the Brookmgs Institution^,H ans J Morgenthau, the Albert A Michelson DistmguishedService Professor of Political Science and History at TheUniversity of Chicago and the{ Léonard Davis DistmguishedService Professor of Political Science m the City Universityof New York, and Philippe C Schmitter, assistant professorof political science at Chicago Eddie N Williams, vice-presi-dent for public affairs at the Umveisity, served as moderatorWilliams Faced with graver and more numerous foreignpolicy problems almost daily, the nation has rarely stood mgreater need of capable leadership m this area At the sametime, with abundant expérience in the diplomatie, économie,military, and académie sphères, we appear to hâve some ofthe tools necessary to create effective policies The questionnow is whether the Nixon administration will do so Let us begirî by askmg Professor Morgenthau, whose latest book isentitled A New foreign Policy for the United States, why weneed a new foreign policymorgenthau We need a new foreign policy for two rea-sons First, we hâve lived on the capital accumulated duringthe famous fifteen weeks of the spnng of 1947, when thegroundwork for our présent foreign policy was laid m theform of the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and the policy of contaminent Those policies were emmently successful,and because of that we erected them into absolute pnnciples,to be applied anywhere, at ail times, regardless of conditionsYou hâve only to look at Vietnam to see the mistake m apply-mg a policy successful m one part of the world to another partof the world havmg entirely différent conditionsThe other reason why we need a new foreign policy lies mthe enormous changes which hâve occurred throughout theworld m the last twenty years What was good and sound andrational m 1946 or 1947 is not necessanly good and sound andrational todayThus we hâve to rethink the basic pnnciples of our foreignpolicy We-have to make a créative effort similar to the onewe made m 1947 if we would create a new foreign policysuited èo the requirements of a new âgel5Williams Gentlemen^5leffver Professor Morgenthau, I perhaps see a bit morecontmuity between our Europe-onented policy and our policy toward Vietnam and the Third World In both cases wehâve to relate American power and responsibihty to thoseareas Of course we should not fall prey to the illusion ofAmerican omnipotence, which Denis Brogan warned usagamst about fifteen years ago Nevertheless, we are a super-power We do hâve world responsibihty commensurate withour power That responsibihty is primanly m the area ofmamtammg order m the world and is somewhat similar to butalso m many respects différent from the responsibihty whichGreat Britam had m the i9th century The task is to maintama balance of power so the work of state building and nationbuilding can go forward without too much msecurity, without too many wars 'schmitter I see somewhat the same thème m your book,Hans Now, are you suggestmg that a revision of Americanforeign policy would not really change its basic pnnciples somuch as to scale them down to a différent level of opération ?Are you suggestmg a reassessment of the breadth of the com-mitment rather than the nature of the commitment?morgenthau But you see, a limitation of the commitmentmiplies a qualitative change Let me go back to what ErnieLefever has said If it is true that we hâve a responsibihtysimilar to that which Great Britam discharged m the 19mcentury, then one really argues m favor of globalism and m-terventiomsm, of which Vietnam is the outstandmg exampleNow I would not agrée with this conception of the underly-îng purpose of American foreign policy I don't thmk wehâve been appomted by anybody to perlorm this function ofpreservmg order, to see to it that nations can be built, andso forth We hâve, m reahty; appomted ourselveslefever May I clanfy my position^ I believe we are fairlyclose tqgether The contemporary situation is quite différentfrom that of the i9th century Obviously we do not hâve anempire, but we do hâve impérial responsibihties We do nothâve a responsibihty for making the world, or even smallpatches of it, over m our own image But by virtue of ourpower and our présence everywhere, we hâve a spécial responsibihty to mamtam stabihty We do not hâve the powerto make over South Vietnam or any other place, hut ^ve hâvea' responsibihty to help create conditions for peacefiil changeI would, of course, concur with a point you emphasized very^strongly m your book, namely that our pnmary responsibihty is for the survival of the United States, with its valuesand institutions intact Our foreign policy should operate interms of our basic mterests Bemg a superpower, do we nothaye a spécial responsibihty to try to mamtam a balance ofpower abroad, thus helpmg préserve secunty at home^morgenthau First, it is not necessarily clear that the enor-mous power we hâve— much of which by the way cannot beused m a rational way— implies a responsibihty commensuratewith that power Secondly, you say we are everywhere m theworld and we hâve some responsibihty But we are everyTwhere m the world exactly because we hâve assume d that responsibihty The Third World situation today is entirely différent from the situation prevailmg, in the içth centuryThere is another nval^ power, the Soviet Union, which alsobeheves— or at least some sectors of it believe— it has a responsibihty to create an entirely différent order throughout theworld If you follow this trend of thought consistently, youmake a third world war almost inévitable because the twoconceptions of order oppose each other In the end there isbound to be a conflagrationlefever I would acknowledge that the Soviet Union alsohas a spécial responsibihty for international order by virtueof its power and influence There are points at which we canwork with the Soviet Union in the maintenance of peace Itmight seem strange to many Amencans that m a real senséwe are m fact the closest ally of the Soviet Union m the maintenance of peace, that is, in the avoidance of nuclear war andin the avoidance of nuclear prolifération We hâve parallelobjectives for a certain type of order We don't want theCommunist powers to impose their order throughout theworld and they don't want us to impose our ordermorgenthau You're certamly correct m saying that weand the Soviet Union hâve > certain mterests in common,which is something entirely new m the history of the worldWe hâve always operated on the conception that what is'good for the other side is bound to be bad for us, and vice-versa Now, because of the availability of nuclear weapons,we slowly hâve corne to realize that both powers hâve thesame interest in survival, m the avoidance of a nuclear war,which would be suicidai for both sidesBut hère there is a weakness, a kind of anachronism in ourprésent foreign policy We hâve refused to enter mto armscontrol negotiations with the Soviet Union because of unset-16tled political problems, because of m particular the militaryinvasion of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Union We act asif our only concern was a f ear we would do the Soviet Uniona favor to enter mto arms control négociations, and as if wewere punishmg the Soviet Union by not entenng mto suchnégociationslefever I read the situation a little differently First of ail,we are right now engaged with the Soviet Union at Genevain arms control talks It is my understanding that a few weeksafter Czechoslovakia we contmued our informai and quietcontacts with the Soviet Union on the subject of nuclear armsstjabihty— even during the embarrassing period of the after-math of Czechoslovakiaschmitter But you used a stronger term than "survival "You used the term "order " In a revolutionary period ît's dif-ficult to imagine what "order" really would constitute, par-ticularly m the Third World Could you give some examples?lefever I don't hâve a bluepnnt m mmd for world orderWhat I really mean, to paraphrase Woodrow Wilson, is tohelp make the world safe for diversity and for peacefulchange, not the imposition of a particular order by the otherside or by our side We seek a working co-existence, so that ^vanous states of vanous sizes and shapes can get on with theirown business We seek a degree of stability which will hâveto be supported by a kmd of balance of power I would liketo see this type of order— a live-and-let-live order— m South-east Asia In this task the Soviet Union and the United Stateshâve spécial responsibihties m their respective sphères of influencemorgenthau Surely But m Africa or Latin America—how does the United States go about establishing such anorder ?schmitter One possible strategy would be to withdrawfrom direct intervention and sponsor so-called "régional" balances of power In Latin America, for example, to supportBrazil as the régional greatî power, or India m South Asia Isthat the sort of order you hâve m rnind^lefever Yes, but îsn't there al§o another strategy^ If youhâve a disturber of the order, you can try to deter him byprovidmg assistance to the threatened state For example, weprovided aid to Bolivia, enabhng that country to capture CheGuevara, an avowed revolutionary Incidentally, I believeChe sought to draw the United States mihtary présence di-rectly mto Bolivia In this he failed Is not the prévention of disorder which threatens your mterests a contribution toorder and political development? Actually, we are sponsoringnot an ironclad order but a set of rulesmorgenthau What you're really saymg is that, we oughtto défend the status quo For what you mean by stabihty isreally the status quolefever No, I would be agamst that I look upon stabihtynot as stagnation but as a prerequisite for constructive changem the direction of greater justice Stabihty is not stagnation,nor is it a sufficient basis for constructive change But ît's anecessary basis in most cases Certain revolutionaries, ofcourse, will say that mstabihty is precisely the necessary condition to move off dead centerschmitter I would like to leave that argument aside for aminute and go back to the question of the effect that însta-bihty has on Américain foreign policy You seem to imply—let's take Bolivia, but only as an example— that any conceiv-able form of mstabihty there would affect America Is it notpossible to thmk of very large world areas where domesticturmoil, ideological shif ts, expropriations, and so on may notreally affect our mterests at alPlefever I would agrée in prmciple I thmk the UnitedStates can afford to be. more relaxed about incidents aroundthe world than we sometimes are But this bnngs us back toProfessor IVJorgenthau's thesis What are the pnnciples ofselectivity m terms of United States mterests ? Where shouldwe be active^ Where can we afford to be relaxed^ Whatguidelmes can we use^morgenthau I would ask, first of ail, m what way are thesecunty mterests of the United States affected^ Secondly,what power do we hâve to support our secunty mterests ifthey are affected^ Thirdly, what are the mterests and thepower which stand in the way of asserting our mterests, ourpower^ I would, in other words, calculate and weigh thensks, habihties, and advantages in each case, and on that basismake a décisionlefever Looking back in history, did you approve theUnited States mvolvement m Korea^morgenthau I most certamly did At that time Com-munism was monolithic Smce we were committed to thecontaminent of the Soviet Union, we were also committed tothe contaminent of CommuniSm throughout the world—Communism bemg a mère extension of Russian power I hâvebeen frequently cnticized by supporters of our Vietnam17policy because of this alleged mconsistency I supported theKorean intervention, but I was from the very begmnmg op-posed to the Vietnam intervention The Vietnam interventionis of an entirely différent character m its foreign policy fromwhat it was twenty years agoWilliams Gentlemen, I wonder if we might explore a fewother spécifie challenges to American foreign policy, challenges ansmg from such issues as foreign aid, China, the anti-ballistic missile System, the mihtary-mdustnal complexmorgenthau Let's talk for a moment about foreign aidWhen we stipulate stabihty as the world-wide objective toAmerican foreign policy, and when we also commit ourselvesto foreign aid in order to facihtate the économie developmentof the Third World, we are pursuing two mutually exclusiveobjectives Because wherever you stimulate économie development m a primitive society you are gomg to hâve socialdislocation and mstabihty The first step toward économiedevelopment unstabilizes the primitive, pre-rational, pre-m-dustnal status quoschmitter But Hans, as you hâve pointed out, a good bitof our foreign aid is not really gomg mto économie development That part of it which goes mto prestige projects andstraightforward bnbery of foreign countnes is supportmg thestatus quomorgenthau This is correct But when you speak of foreign aid m the terms in which it is popularly understood— agenerous attempt to help developmg nations— then I thmkstabihty has to be given up as an objective Instabihty has tobe realistically expected and taken m stndeWilliams In your book, as I recall, you use the term"bnbery" m relation to much of foreign aid Can you elabo-rate on that^morgenthau Well, you see, subsidies for governmentswhose favors you court are as old as history The Greeks didit, the Romans did it, the British made a diplomatie scienceout of it m the i7th and i8th centuries, with careful stipulations as to how much money, how many horses, how manypièces of artillery they would supply to continental nationswho would do their fightmg for them So there's nothmg newm this What is new is the verbiage We don't speak of subsidies anymore We hâve become two sophisticated for thatWe talk of "foreign aid" or "long-term loans" or what-notBut, essentially, much of what we call foreign aid— and what we flatter ourselves to be support for économie development— is really outnght bnbery We buy the services of aforeign governmentlefever I thmk your article several years ago defining thevanous types of foreign aid has gone a long way m Washington to help distinguish what we mean by "development assistance" from other forms of aid Mr Nixon and the Congressare gomg to be confronte d with this important distinction asthey reappraise our foreign aid program One possible constructive change is the séparation of development assistanceand mihtary assistance, leavmg the latter to be administeredby the Défense Department and the former by a developmentagency In any event, foreign aid as we hâve known it is mtrouble pohtically at homeschmitter One other suggestion which will land m MrNixon's lap is multilaterahzation of aid commitments— that is,greater use of international organizations such as the WorldBank, the Inter-American Bank, and the new Asian BankHans, is that hkely to resuit m better administration of foreign aid^morgenthau I can well imagine that it might, if such aprogram is completely separated from political implicationsTake for example the massive mdustnal and économie aidwhich the Soviet Union is givmg to ïndia Now, obviously,the Soviet Union doesn't do this for humanitanan but forpolitical reasons If an international agency would give thataid, I think it would be separated from political implicationsIt might be economically more effectiveschmitter But there hkely would be less of itmorgenthau That's truelefever We've had very great difficulty persuadmg theSoviet Union to give through multilatéral channels As youknow, the United States is the prmciple donor through virtu-ally every multilatéral channel existmg todayWilliams Gentlemen, what about American foreign policy with respect to Europe ?lefever As has happened several times m the past, theSoviet Union provided us with an opportunity to do some-thing we should hâve been domg The invasion of Czechoslovakia last August provided an opportunity to reappraise andstrengthen the nato alliance This is a good thing I do notforesee a shonng-up of our historié European ties It is said,sometimes cntically, that Mr Nixon tends to be Europe-18oriented as opposed to Third-World-onented We must as-sess our pnonties Europe clearly has a histoncal and culturalprionty, to say nothing of its pnmacy m the field of secuntymorgenthau From ail points of view, Europe is naturallyour major interest I thmk we lost sight of it m récent yearswhen we were hypnotized by Vietnam and couldn't thmkof anythmg elseschmitter I'd like to explore a contrary sort of proposai,m line with what I earlier called a régional balance of powerI believe it is suggested m your book— that is, the prospectof an mdependent European political authonty with a défense capability of its own l'm mtngued by that idea Wouldyou like to elaborate on it5morgenthau We really hâve misunderstood the primaryfunction of nato, which m my view has not been to provide a défense of Western Europe but which only has been asymbohc démonstration of the resolution on the part of theUnited States and the nations of Western Europe to défendthemselves against Soviet aggression In other words, I fullyagrée with what has been called the trip-wire or the plate-glass theory nato can sound the alarm and then mightslow down a Russian advance, but it cannot stop it This pointhas agam been made recently by Mr Dennis Healey, the Défense Secretary of Great Britam I thmk he's absolutelyright with a graduated response it would be a matter of days,if not hours, before it would escalate into nuclear warfareschmitter Then an intégral part of this is the permanentstationmg of American troops m Europemorgenthau Yes, Fm m favor of that l'm also convmcedthat it makes absolutely no différence whether there are six,ûvt^ four, or three divisions east of the Rhme But we aredealmg with a historié situation There are six divisions there,at least on paper, and when we subtract one division from thesix we announce, m effect, that our interest m Europe hasdimimshed one-fifth This we cannot affordschmitter How can one advocate an mdependent European nuclear force while advocating a permanent stationmgof American troops m Europe5morgenthau Because a European nuclear force is préférable to separate French or Bntish nuclear forces, whose mainfunction would be to start a nuclear war which the UnitedStates and the Soviet Union would hâve to end— by com- nutting suicide At the same time, if there are Americantroops east of the Rhme— together with a pan-European nuclear force— I thmk we would hâve maximum secunty againstthe misuse of the European nuclear weapons to provoke anuclear warlefever Would the United States hâve a voice m the useof this European nuclear force5morgenthau I would suppose soWilliams Gentlemen, l'm not sure I can get you to agréewithin the remainmg time on the term "new" m terms of anew foreign policy But I think you would agrée to somechanges— perhaps drastic, perhaps not What do you see assome of the concrète changes that Mr Nixon might well con-template or some of the avenues that he might pursue5morgenthau First of ail, I think he ought not to inter-vene mdiscnminately He ought not to mtervene m a situationsimilar to the one which occurred in the Dommican Repub-hc That is to say, he ought to mtervene on the basis of thosepragmatic calculations to which l've pomted before Second-ly, he ought to be fully aware of the community of mterestsbetween ourselves and the Soviet Union with regard to theavoidance of nuclear war, with regard to an abatement of thenuclear arms race He ought to translate that awareness mtoconcrète policieslefever I thmk you might say, too, that style has an effecton substance, and ît's very important for us to consult withour allies In this respect Mr Nixon's tnp to Europe was successful He did hsten, and he impressed a vanety of states-men— încluding Président DeGaulle— that he was capable ofhstenmg and eager to consult This was a good augury forthe futureschmitter l'm more concerned about who he hstens toYou mentioned earlier there has been some cnticism that heis Europe-oriented as opposed to Third- World-onented l'ma little worned about that I haven't seen a great deal of hstenmg other than to Europeans( lefever He did send Governor Rockefeller to hsten mLatin America l'm not implying that hstemng is a substitutefor policy What l'm saymg is that the style of consultationand hstemng is very essential if we're gomg to enhst our alliesm our common taskWilliams We must close now Thank you for jommg usD195 VARSITY FOOTBALL¦»^K%iew*.TL. 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•?¦*"-s-*v.vr-*.' ¦¦'¦'¦..'" *.-','4'-';;«Ç: » ' ¦' 'i ''¦ ¦¦¦'':-, '¦-^ » i^iWr** c.ffi€ r .•- ^fr:i^. . /;,; y:- ¦,_' *'::*> ,, , ;. .'; ,,/~<&t KryÉsé^!,:-Vv ?ïfc. iï.'ftp»?^o^t;/:,SS?asiàc ;.VJM¦ k •¦¦'- • • '- •¦' : -'¦¦¦¦¦•'V&fei'sa.'•'V,-iF.'-'î'DAVIDWINDSOR'SPHOTOGRAPHSCAPTURETHE CHICAGOMAROONS'RETURNTO THEGRIDIRONFOR THEFIRST TIMEIN THIRTYYEARS.ENDING¦ ¦THEIR FIRSTSEASONON THE'SHORT SIDEOF TWOVICTORIESTO FOURLOSSES,COACH HASSFEELSTHIS AUGURSWELL BUTSAYS:"WE WILLNOT ACCEPTA BOWL BIDTHIS SEASON.CHICAGOWONT BECHARGEDWITH OVER-EMPHASIS"INcvv Psychiatryat ChicagoOne man carefully adjusts an électron microscope and begmsto scan a muscle sample for signs of an elusive enzyme Another man adjusts a final électrode on the chest of a volunteerand prépares for a long night monitoring his sleep A womanhands a tablet to a known narcotics addict who swallows itquickly, nods, and walks away Ail three people are engagedm the science of psychiatry, a science mcreasingly dépendenton new discovenes m basic biology and behavioral researchAt The University of Chicago, an intensive three-year program has been molded to train physicians m this new psychiatry, m which genetics and neurophysiology are often asimportant as psychoanalysis Under the direction of Dr)Daniel X Freedman, Louis Block Professor of BiologicalSciences and Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry,eight first-year residepts are currently engaged in this graduate trammg program which carnes them through research,teachmg, and practice rangmg from the application of psychoanalysis, conditionmg and learnmg théories^ to drug abusestudies The résidents are bemg br ought mto close workmgcontact with most of the forty-eight full-time faculty members of the departmentThe foundation for the trainmg program rests stronglyon Dr Freedman's belief that "the specialty of psychiatry,an apphed médical science, must and will mcreasingly reston the foundation of basic biological and behavioral sciences'The behavioral sciences include psychology, sociology, an-thropology and psychoanalysis The bridge to biology ismcreasingly bemg built by the neuro-bëhaviorai sciences mtheir study of the genetics, and évolution of normal and ab-normal behavior, as well as of physiological and ch^micalactivities of the body's neural System and their relation tobehavior "The résidents m the program are rotatmg through ClmicalServices m blocks where i there Nare at least two full-timesenior faculty members Directmg the Clmical Services is DrJarl Dyrud, Associate Professor, who until recently was withChestnut Lodge and the Institute of Behavioral Research AUpatient^ m the service are m the care of the résidents to allowtraining in individual psychotherapy with and without supervision Résidents carry mcreasing responsibihty so that by theend of training they are fully qualified to practice mdepen-dently This psychotherapy expérience continues throughoutthe three years of trammgIn the first year, the résidents spenjd six months workmgwith the twenty-five bed iripatient service of The Universityof Chicago Hospitals Major treatment emphasis is on indi vidual and groùp therapy, family mvolvement, and milieutherapy with expérience m pharmacotherapyFor tHree months, the résident works m the ConsultationService of the University's 700-bed hospital complex, pro-vichng liaison and consultation for specialists rangmg fromgastroenterologists to plastic surgeonsThree months are then spent m the Student Mental HealthService, where their patients range from adolescents to pldergraduate students, with emphasis on brief psychotherapyIn the second year, the résidents begm with six months mthe outpatient service, desigmng rotai therapy and workmgwith adults m a variety of personal and situational crises Theyalso participât^ m weekly clinic sessions for chronically îllpatients and become mvolved in expériences with communitypsychiatryFor the next three months, the résident serves in the ChildPsychiatry Service, which includes spécial semmars in normal growth and development and the opportunity to observethe psychopathology of childrenThe followmg three months include community mentalhealth expérience, clmical expérience m neuropsychiatriethmkmg, and expérience m behavior modification of théchronically hospitahzed mentally îllThroughout the first two years, the résidents take part inresearch sernmars on areas of spécial interest and are keptm touch with leaders m the vanous fieldsThe entire third year is sperit followmg a particular areaof interest m one of the department's spécial programs, m-cludingchild psychiatry Dr John F Kenward, Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, directs a spécial trainingprogram m child psychiatry for third and fourth year résidents leadmg to qualification for the American Board yofChild Psychiatry Research specialists m infant and child development and m trammg procédures for spécial disabilitieshâve jomed this unit ' \drug abuse program Dr Jérôme Jaffe, Assistant: Professorof Psychiatry and a pharrriacologist who has taught at Ye-shiva and Rockefeller universities, and studied treatment ofnarcotics addiction, has mitiatëd a program in drug abusewhich reaches from thè laboratory to the community Research opportunities in this program range, from studies ofthe basic actions of amphétamines and hallucmogens m animais to laboratory work on toxicology and drug détectionand to clmical studies on the use of methodone and narcoticantagonists m the réhabilitation of narcotics users This program includes a ten-bed înpatiént unit as an adjunct to thempatient servicew^odlawn mental health center Directed by Dr Shep-/pard G Kellam and Dr Sheldon K Schlff, Associate Professors of Psychiatry, this research and treatment programis a unique expenment m American psychiatry, brmgirig anew approach to community mental health through emphasison community action and school psychiatry Résidents hâve28the opportunity to see how programs depending on authen-tic community sanction evolve and how research m the prev-alence and epidemiology of disorders can proceed m a service context One thousand school children each week m thefirst, second, and third grades are assessed by the psychiatrieteam m the classroom where group therapy, mcluding parentsand teachers, ls also employedthe biochemistry of acute psychoses This program isunder the direction of Dr Herbert Meltzer, Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, who recently arnved from the NationalInstitute of Mental Health It is carned on m a fifteen-bedresearch unit on a University of Chicago floor at the IllinoisState Psychiatrie Institute, a facility near the UniversityAcutely psychotic patients are studied behaviorally and withmeasures of sérum enzymes, which Dr Meltzer has recentlydiscovered to be markedly elevated m thèse conditionssleep and dream research This multi-faceted programhas grown from the original pioneer work by NathamelKleitman, now Professor Ementus of Physiology at the University The Department's sleep laboratory m under thedirection of Allan ReehtschafFen, Associate Professor of Psychology and Psychiatry His pnmary interest is in the psy-chophysiological investigation of sleep in man and animais,with particular référence to the physiology and biochemistryof the central nervous System A second area of investigationunder the direction of Dr Gerald W Vogel, Research Associate m Psychiatry, is pnmanly concerned with altérationsof the sleep pattern espécially m schizophrema and dépression In addition, Dr Vogel studies relations between drugswhich depress or elevate dream time and the clmical courseof remission m thèse syndromes A third area of investigation is the use of the psychoanalytic method of transferenceanalysis to study the relations among ail the dreams of anight m patients who are simultaneously m regular psychoanalytic treatment This is under the gênerai direction of DrWilliam G Offenkrantz, Associate Professor of PsychiatryNEUROCHEMICAL AND PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGICAL PROGRAMS,under the gênerai direction of Dr Daniel X Freedman, focuson studies of psychotoimetic drugs— drugs which simulatepsychotic states— and their effects on bram chemistry, perception and behavior The behavioral laboratory is under thedirection of Dr James B Appel, Associate Professor of Psychology and Psychiatry, and is equipped for vanous techniques, mcluding conditionmg, and mtra-cerebral electromcrecordmg and stimulation Dr Appel studies problems re-lated to the behavioral pharmacology of lsd and marijuanaand his spécial interest is m the aversive control of behaviorand the rôle of punishment m conditionmg procéduresRichard A Lovell, Instructor m Pharmacology and Psychiatry, is m charge of the Neurochemistry Laboratorywhere the metabohsm of psychoactive drugs and variety ofbram aminés are studied Biochemical changes m expérimental stress, sleep dysfunction and epilepsy are also mvesti-gated, and there is an active collaboration with the Univer sity 's behavioral genetics lab or atonesLewis S Seiden, Assistant Professor m Pharmacology aridPsychiatry, directs another laboratory m the Department ofPharmacology, m which corrélations of behavior and bramaminés are studied with a variety of techniquesTHE BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS AND PROGRAMMED LEAR^ING LABORATORY studies experimentally mduced pathological behavioras well as remédiai trammg techniques m animais Results ofthèse studies are applied m human educational, social, andclmical situations The laboratory develops adyanced techniques m programmed learning and carnes on studies of perception This program is under the direction of Dr IsraëlGoldiamond, Professor of Psychology and Psychiatry, recently arnveVl from the Institute of Behavioral Research andthe Johns Hopkms Universityaging and geriatrics A range of studies are focusmg onthe capacities and impairments associated with aging MortonA Lieberman, Associate Professor of Psychology and Psychiatry, has been studymg predictors of and adaptive responseto impending death, and continues his long-term studies ofgroup processes Robert Kahn, Associate Professor of Psychology and Psychiatry, is studymg the relationship of community processes to geriatic patient treatment He is alsocontmumg long-term studies of adaptive responses in acuteand chrome bram syndromesDr C Knight Aldnch, Professor of Psychiatry, directs aprogram m which he hosts the Inter-University Forum forEducators in Community Psychiatry, a two-week biannualsemmar meeting in Chicago, attended by fifteen visitjng professors and featunng a number of national expertsDr Philip Holzman, Professor of Psychiatry and Psychology, recently arnved from the Mennmger Foundation wherehe was a trammg psychoanalyst and director of Research Heis startmg a program of prospective studies of perceptual andfeedback factors involved m schizophrema He is mterestedin findmg and îdentifymg those populations which may hâvea high nsk of developmg this disorder He is also contmumgexpérimental work m psychoanalytic studies of self-confrontationDr Eberhart Uhlenhuth recently arnved from the JohnsHopkms Médical School where he headed an extensive program m psychotherapy research He is responsible for theoutpatient clinic and a range of research projects învolvmgthe charactenstics of outpatients and their response to a variety of treatment programs He is also known for his carefulstudies of the use of psychoactive drugs m ambulatorypatientsThe residency program is approved by the AmericanMédical Association and the American Board of Psychiatryand Neurology for three years of trammg and has been approved by the United States Public Health Service for Gen-eial Practitioner Fellowships The child psychiatry programis approved for the two years required by the AmericanBoard of Child Psychiatry — smk29Quadrangle ïh(ewsTWO-UC EnterNew Housing VentureThe University of Chicago and The Wood-lawn Organization (two) hâve announcedjoint efforts to make possible construction ofnew low and moderate income housing forthe Woodlawn communityThe efforts were made public at a pressconférence held early m September Participants in the conférence were the RévérendArthur M Brazier, président of two,Walter L Walker, vice-président for planningat the /University, and Julian H Levi,professor of urban studies at the Universityand executive director of the South EastChicago CommissionPart of the land scheduled for Universityacquisition m the 6oth-Cottage Grove UrbanRenewal Project will be leased to twofor a period of fîfty years for the purpose ofconstructing housingThe Umversity will make temporary loansto two— not to exceed $500,000— to securethe architectural, légal, and other necessaryservices which are a prerequisite for fullfédéral financmg of the housing programCommentmg on the project, RévérendBrazier said, "Housing is one of the greatneeds m Woodlawn, and two is verypleased that the University of Chicago isrespondmg in a positive way to alleviatethis cntical shortage of décent housing forlow to moderate income familles"Walker explamed the University's actionin this way "The mstitutional needs of theUniversity are largely determmed by itscommitment to the pursuit and communication of knowledge The University of Chicagohas decided that for the next fifty yearsits mstitutional needs will not be compromisedby the action we are announcmg today "Implementation of the understanding issubject to the University's acquisition of theproperty located east of the Illinois Centraltrack between 6oth and 6ist Streets and isdépendent on approval by the City ofChicagoLevi pointed out specifîcally that theUniversity "15 makmg land availableBut. the housing will be owned, operated,30 managed, and controlled by two, not bythe University "According to Révérend Brazier, it is notpresently known how soon construction couldactually begin He stated, however, thatbefore it begms, "we're gomg to hâve tbhâve meetings within the Woodlawn community to make sure that the kind of housingthat goes up will be the kmd of housingthat people want rather than the kmd ofhousing that architects say is best "In reply to a newsman's question, he said"There is no doubt in my mind that blackconstruction workers, black contractors,black subcontractors, black architects aregoing to be involved in this program up tothe mit"He noted later "The University's mvolve-ment at this point can indeed show the wayto a number of other universities across thiscountry who find themselves located in theheart of the city Many universities aregrappling with this problem Many universitiesstill feel that they can operate as centers ofacademia, completely divorced from thesurrounding community And I thmk thatwhat is happening hère m Woodlawn,between The Woodlawn Organization andthe University^ of Chicago, can hâve a signifi-cant impact on other universities "Chicago ScientistsStudy Moon SamplesMo on samples, a precious fraction of theforty pounds retrieved by astronauts Arm-strong and Aldnn, will be studied by a 7team of six principal investigators and theircolleagues hère at Chicago The Universityscientists are among some 140 principalinvestigators around the world who willconduct chemical and mmeralogical studies ofthe lunâr samples Their findmgs will bemade public by nasa this wmter at a major[Scientific conférence expected to clanfyseveral théories concerning the ongin, âge,and nature of the moonThe Field Muséum and the University hâvea coopérative arrangement m which staffmembers can utilize laboratory facilities and spécimens of both institutions for researchand study The Muséum has one of theworld's largest météorite collections fromwhich many samples hâve been used byUniversity resear chers to study processes inthe solar system The Muséum also collab-orated with the University m prepanng apublic display of moon samples assigned tocampus investigators The Muséum préparéethe exhibit with the assistance of nasaand finançial aid from the Field Foundationof Illinois The public was nrvited to attendthe display for thirty days beginning mid-OctoberSome of the broader questions scientistshope to answer after piecing together theresults of their investigations are— Is the moon older, younger, or about th(same âge as the four and a half billion-year-^old eartrP—Was the moon formed from the samematenal as the earth5 Was it once a part ofthe earth* Was it formed m another partof the solar system and attracted mto itsprésent orbit by earth's gravitational pulPOr was it formed when Mars, Earth, and th<moon simultaneously split from a singleparent body^5—How much of the condition of çhe mocrocks are the resuit of meltmg^ Did themelting resuit from radioactive heating, orfrom shock impact of météorites, or both*— Is or was there liquid water on the mooiWere some lines on the moon caused bystreams* Do the moon rocks contam waterand other volatiles trapped mside crystals*Could water be extracted to support astronauts establishing a permanent base on themoon*—How much of the rock at the moon'ssurface has been modified by shock impactof météorites* What heavy minerais occuron the moon, and what pressures formedthem*—Can micrometeontes be reliably identifiam impact pits or minerais at the moon'ssurface* Do they hâve the same compositioas the larger météorites which survive burnmg up m the earth's atmosphère*One of the principal investigators at theUniversity of Chicago, Anthony Turkevich,the James Franck Professor of Chemistryand m the Ennco Fermi Institute, did the firstchemical analysis of the moon without ben-efir of lunar samplesPrincipal mvestigator George W Reed,Jr , senior scientist at the Argonne NationalLaboratory and research associate at theUniversity's Ennco Fermi Institute, heads hisown project at Argonne and is a co-investi-gator with Turkevich at the UniversityReed and his associâtes are mvolved m a studyof concentration isotopic composition, and^distribution of trace éléments by neutronactivation analysisPrincipal mvestigator Edward Anders,professor of chemistry and m the EnncoFermi Jjostitute, will also use neutron activation analysis to study trace éléments Andersand his associâtes will détermine the abun-dance of sixteen trace éléments Over thepast two décades, Anders and his associâtes,particularly John Wood, who is nowat the Smithsoman Observatory, hâve putforward théories on the origm of the solarsystem and particularly of météorites Someof thèse théories, though often controversial,are now inhérent m much scientific spéculation on the origm of the planets and moonsProcédure Developed forDiagnosis of Lung CancerA University of Chicago radiologist hasdeveloped a device which helps diagnose lungcancer early by examimng a sample tissueobtamed from a lung without surgery Theprocédure, designed by Dr John J Fennessy,associate professor of radiology m theDivision of the Biological Sciences and thePntzker School of Medicine, involves theinsertion of a thm, flexible tube into the lungthrough the nose and into the wmdpipeThe tube is guided to a desired area with theaid of x-rays Either a tmy brush or a tmyforceps is passed through the tube to brushor snip off a sample of tissue The tissue isthen withdrawn through the tube and isexammed by a pathologistIn tests on nearly 200 patients, two-thirds of the cases of primary lung cancer werediagnosed correctly, Dr Fennessy revealedImprovements in techniques made duringthèse tests should increase the percentage ofcorrect diagnoses, he addedThe technique is most useful m caseswhere x-rays reveal an abnormal area m thepenphery of the lung A bronçhoscope canLorado Taffs Angelbe used to inspect visually an abnormal areanear the center of the lung but is too large toenter the smaller bronchial passagewavs lead-mg to the lung's penpheryThèse nonsurgical biopsies are most usefulto physicians m the early détection of lungcancer, Dr Fennessy said By the time thesuspicious area becomes large enough toappear clearly on x-ray films, it may be toolate to remo\e lt And, if the physician wantsa sample of lung tissue, he must either makean incision or punctu^e the chest wall with along needle, thus subjecting the patient tosurgical risk or complications such as acollapsed lungIn the procédure the lung area to be biop-sied is determmed as accurately as possible by means of x-rays and, if available, by abionchogram (In a bronchogram, a liquidwhich shows up clearly on x-ray film isinjected mto the bronchial passages to revealthe location of the abnormality ) The biopsycannot be performed, however, until twodays after a bronchogram, Dr Fennessypointed outHe hopes to improve the effectiveness ofthe technique by refînmg and acceleratmg themeans of mapping the lung area to beprobedLorado Taft Sculpture AcquiredA copy of one of the late Lorado Taft'smost important sculptures— the "ShalerMémorial Angel"— has been mstalled per-manently in the sculpture garden of theLorado Taft-Midway Studios of the Université of Chicago \The "Shaler Mémorial Angel" is a bronzefigure on heroïc scale of a seatèd angel,head hfted as if in prayer, with an open bookacross her knees The figure is approximatelyseven feet highThe original work has stood in a cemeteryin Waupon, Wisconsin, since 1923 With thecoopération of Lorado Taft, the 1932 copyof the "Angel" was made foi the familycemetery plot of the late Dr Théodore CBurgess, second président of Bradley University in Peona, Illinois It was broughtto theMidway Studios at the request and assistanceof Mr and Mrs Roscoe A Page who gavethe plot and statue to Bradley in 1964Mrs Page, the former Helena Burgess(AB'14), is the daughter of Président BurgessThe "Angel" constitutes a "notable addition to the number of Lorado Taft works inthe Chicago area," accordmg to HaroldHaydon, associate professor of art anddirector of the Studios Thèse include "TheFountam of Time" on the Midway Plaisance,"The Fountam of the Great Lakes" and"Solitude of the Soûl" at the Art Institute ofChicago, and a number of meixiorials m-cluding "The Crusader," a mémorial to thelate Victor Lawson m Graceland Cemetery,and "Death," another mémorial in GracelandCemetery31Also well-known is the "Black Hawk" statueovierlooking the Rock River at Oregon,IllinoisThe Midway Studios were used by LoradoTaft and associate sculptors until Mr Taft'sdeath m 1936 The studios now house theUniversity of Chicago's Department of ArtThey were designated a Registered NationalHistonc Landmark m 1966Toxicologist Finds PesticidesDisrupt Body FunctionsThe présence m the bloodstream of evensmall amounts of pesticides, usually ingestedas residue on fruits and vegetables, will oftenbe felt m subtle ways, said Kenneth PDuBois, professor of pharmacology in thePntzker School of Medicine and director ofthe toxicity laboratory Normally the concentration in the blood of chlonnatedhydrocarbons— the group of chemicals whichincludes ddt— is far too low to cause majoralarm But even at low levels of concentration,they can affect the body in subtle ways,contended DuBoisFor example, terrible headaches oftenattnbuted to tension, may actually be theresuit of pesticides Their présence, in addition, can stimulate an increased enzymeproduction m the liver which inhibits theeffectiveness of drugs Again, since pesticidestend to collect m body fat, an overweightperson who goes on a diet may poisonhimself The loss of much body fat throughçheting or îllness can raise the concentrationof pesticides m the blood to a dangerouslevelThe source of most environmental contamination, surpnsingly, is not agriculturebut urban centers Whereas the farmer mustcomply with fédéral régulations concerningchemical residue levels and must keep hisinsecticide mvestment low to insure a profit,the homeowner has no restrictions, DuBoissaid Thnft is often secondary to pride mthe upkeep of his grounds, he added Thisresults m overuse of insecticides— both mterms of amount used for each applicationand the frequency of application The most significant drawback of thechlonnated hydrocarbons is that they are"persistent"— they don't break down into lessharmful substances quickly It takes ddtabout twenty years to décompose m environ-ments such as our lakes and streams, forinstanceThere is a group of chemicals, the organicphosphates, that could be substituted for themore persistent type Thèse compounds,related to nërve gas, are just as effective asthe chlonnated hydrocarbons, but theybreak down quickly in water For this veryreason, however, their suitability to farm useis somewhat enigmatic since they would hâveto be reapplied whenever it rained at acntical timeKenneth Culp Davis on theAbuses of Discretionary PowerAil levels of government are shot throughwith unnecessary discretionary power,according to Kenneth Culp Davis, the JohnP Wilson Professor of LawInadequately controlled discretionary power, he says, is the cause of most injustice inindividual cases, which, along with socialinjustice, is the major reason for currentsocial unrestAlthough the exercise of discrétion alwayshas been assumed to be too elusive forsystematic study, it is the subject of Davis'latest book, Discretionary Justice A Pre-limmary Study, recently published byLouisiana State University PressJustice is admimstered far more outsidecourts than in them and far more withoutproceedings than with them, Davis writesYet, he says, the légal profession constantlyinvestigates courts and formai proceedings ofadministrative agencies and neglectS/the eightyor ninety per cent of the administration ofjustice that is unprotecçed by procéduralsafeguards or judicial reviewThe quality of justice, Davis states, isrelatively high m the courts and m theusually superior agencies that regulatebusiness But it is relatively low, he says, mthe usually mferior agencies which deal with cases that seem more human than économiesuch as police, prosecutors, welfare agencies,Sélective Service boards, parole boards, prisonadministrators, and the Immigration ServiceThe central question of Davis' book isHow can injustice to individuals from theexercise of discretionary power be reduced*The answer, according to Davis, is not theélimination of discretionary power but theremoval of the vast quantities of unnecessarydiscretionary power and the proper con-fining, structunng, and checkmg of necessarydiscretionary powerDavis, who has specialized in administrativelaw for thirty years, is the authbr of thefour- volume Administrative Law Treatise,seven other volumes on administrative law,and more than 3,000 pages on the subject Hehas been described by Judge Charles EClark of the U S Court of Appeals of thesecond circuit, as "both the architect andbmlder of this rapidly developmg field" ofadministrative lawNow Davis is dissatisfied with the literatureof administrative law, mcluding his ownwritings, that deal with the 10 to 20 per centof administrative action that involves formaiproceedings and judicial review WithDiscretionary Justice he hopes to open theway for improving the eighty or ninetyper cent that escapes formai proceedingsand judicial review, the portion that causesso much of the current social unrestKurland Reviews SuprêmeCourt under NixonThe United States Suprême Court underChief Justice Warren Burger is not hkely tobuck the tide of the controversial décisionshanded down under former Chief JusticeEarl Warren, according to Philip Bf Kurland,professor in the UC Law School and anexpert on the Court "Indeed, the new Court,from what little we know about its newmembers , is hkely to feel more compelledto adhère to the principle of stare decisis(followmg previous décisions) than did theWarren Court," said Kurland in an addressbefore the 14m annual Michigan Judicial32Conférence m Détroit Précédents wouldreqmre the Court to act with particularrestramt in dealmg with cases concermngcriminal procédure, reapportionment, anddesegregation, areas which would for themost part be left to other branches ofgovernment and the judiciary for administrationThroughout his speech, Kurland referredto the Suprême Court under Burger as "theNixon Court," implying that Président Nixonwould, in effect, be chief justiceKurland said the Court could do much todeal with gerrymandermg in reapportionment, "which the one-man, one-vote rulehas made easier, not harder "On questions involving the séparation ofchurch and state, the Court probably wouldnot approve aid to parochial schools on theone hand, and, on the other, is not any morelikely than the Warren Court "to sustamthe vanous exemptions from taxation afTordedto religious bodies "ïn two areas opened by the Warren Court— substantive equal protection and residencyrequirements for such matters as votmg andwelfare— the new Court would hâve free rem"With thèse two tools," Kurland stated,"the Nixon Court will be able to work itswill at least as efïectively as did its prede-cessors," which is not to suggest, however,that the Warren Court has been effective"Ségrégation is still the rule rather than theexception, police misbehavior is still prettymuch unreduced, school prayers and similarbreaches in the wall of church and state arelimited to but a small degree, and, if re-appoitionment has occurred widely, it hasbeen reapportionment designed by thepolitical parties and not an accommodationto the ideals of représentative democracy "Referring to entres of the Suprême Courtwho blâme the nsmg crime rate entirely onsuch contioversial décisions m criminal lawas the Miranda and Escobedo cases, Kurlandsaid "To the extent that the Warren Courthas not adequately justified its conclusionsm thèse cases and the others that it hasdecided, it has contnbuted to a disdam forlaw and its processes, not only among the criminal éléments in the community butequally among the more respectable portionsof the community When three Présidentsand five Congresses can condone a war thatlacks constîtutional sanction— only Congresshas the constîtutional power to déclare war—when a governor of a state can use troopsto forestall the effectuation of a fédéraljudicial decree, when unions and otherorganizations can set their own views assupenor to those of the courts and thelégislatures, when universities can protecttheir students against pumshment for illégalacts, when police can ignore the requirements of judicial due process by takmgpumshment mto their own hands, we aredangerously close to the dissolution of societygoverned by law mstead of by will Law-lessness is indeed rampant But the Court'sdécisions m the areas of criminal procédurecannot bear the responsibihty for it"Mental Health SurveyQuestions CensorshipPornography does not contribute to antisocialbehavior Clairns to the contrary hâve notbeen borne out by the professional expérienceof most psychiatnsts and psv chologistssampled in a récent poil concermng pornog-raphv, violence, and censorship sponsored bythe Department of Psychiatry at the University's Pritzker School of MedicineMore than 3,400 professionals workmg inthe mental health field were questioned onsuch subjects as the corrélation betweenantisocial sexual behavior and the exposure topornography No cases were found by amajonty of the respondents where pornography led to such behavior The mental healthprofessionals beheved, moreover, that thewidely proposed antidote of censorship mightprove more costly to society than any ofthe problems created by the availability ofpornography îtselfDr K Michael Lipkin, assistant professorof psychiatry at the University of Chicago,and Dr Donald E Carns, assistant professorof sociology at Northwestern University,conducted the survey, aware of the difficultés of setting up valid expérimental situationsto measure the long term erïects of exposureto pornography They also noted "the grow-mg conviction among students of humanbehavior that the effects of exposure topornography are too msignificant or sporadicto be readily measured "Questionnaires m the University of Chicagosurvey went to 7,500 psychiatnsts and psy-choanalysts— half of those hsted in thedirectory of the American PsychiatrieAssociation, and to more than 3,000 psy chologists whose listing m the directory of theAmerican Psychological Association indicatedexpérience with patientsPornography was defined m the words ofU S Suprême Court Justice Potter Stewartm the case of Ginzberg versus the UnitedStates That définition mdicates in part thatpornography includes "photographs, both stilland motion picture, with no prêteuse ofartistic value" depicting sexual acts Comicstrips, pamphlets, and booklets "with nopretense of literary value" are also included mthe définitionMiscellanyThe first monumental sculpture to be createdin the Midway Studios since Lorado Taft'swork m the 1940's is Virgmio Ferran's "Life,"a twenty-one-foot bronze fountam commis-sioned for the Loyola University MédicalCenter m Hmes, Illinois The sculpture isnow bemg east at the Artistica Veronesefoundry m Verona, ItalyThe Alumni Association can take some créditfor the en or mous success of this year'sFestival of the Arts, said Peter Ratner,fota chairman for 1969 The Associationfurnished assistance for the clérical and mailing work and consultation on fund-raismgContmumg its efforts m the area of studentactivities, the Association will providesimilar assistance to Revitalization, a groupworkmg to improve cultural life on campus33'People-^ John T Wilson has been designatedprovost of the University of ChicagoWilson has, since October \\ 1968, served asvice-président and dean of faculties of theUniversity In makmg the announcement,Edward H Levi, président of the University,commented that"The change in title has been made tomore clearly indicate Mr Wilson's rôle asthe University's senior officer for the administration of académie affairs under theprésident, and to aid the University bygivmg added scope to Mr Wilson's uniqueability and expérience "<$&¦ Roger H Hildebrand, professor m theDepartment of Physics and m the EnncoFermi Institute, has been appomted dean ofthe Collège Succeedmg Wayne C Booth,who has been dean since 1964, Hildebrandbecomes twelfth dean of the Collège TheCollège was estabhshed in 1907 as the unifiedundergraduate branch of the UniversityHildebrand, a former director of the_Ennco Fermi Institute, is known for hisresearch m the field of elementary particlesIn i960, he was selected as a winner of theLlewellyn John and Harriet ManchesterQuantrell Award for Excellence m Undergraduate Teachmg He served as an assistantprofessor from 1952, to 1955, as an associateprofessor from 1955 to i960, and was appomted a professor in i960-5^- Walter L Walker has been appomtedvice-président for planning Walker has beenassistant professor m the School of SocialService Administration at t}ie University, andhe~ has_ served as assistant to the présidentHe is currently chairman of a Universitycommittée on child care Walker's responsi-bilities will include efforts to facihtate theexchange of information m a broad range ofUniversity and community programs<$&¦ A mémorial service foi Emery TFilbey, vice=president ementus at the University, who died August 24 at the âge ofninety, was held in Rockefeller MémorialChapèl on October 29U Mr Filbey retired in 1944 after ser-ving theUniversity for thirty -five years Among thepositions he held were assistant professor,1919, associate professor, 1926, dean of theCollège, 1923-27, professor of commerce andbusiness administration, 1927-30, assistant tothe président, 1930-33, dean of the faculties,I933~44> and vice président, 1937-44 Afterhis officiai retirement he contmued to servem vanous advisory and actmg capacitiesBorn near Cambridge City, Indiana m 1878,Mr Filbey received a pfiB degree m 191 7arid an ma in 1920, both from the Universityof Chicago In 1955, he was awarded anhonorary lld degree by the University«¦5^- A committée of History alumni, underthe leadership of Shirley A Bill (AB'41,AM'42, pfiD'50), has been trymg to estabhsha fund honormg Professor Ementus WilliamThomas Hutchinson of the Department ofHistory Gifts to the Hutchinson Fund willbe used to provide fellowships and otherassistance to History Department studentsThe committée hopes to complète its workm time to assure that the first fellowship isawarded in 1970, in célébration of ProfessorHutchmson's seventy-fifth birthdayInquines concermng the William ThomasHutchinson Fund may be forwarded to theDepartment of /History, the Umyersityof Chicago<$&¦ R F Zwi Werblowsky, dean of thefaculty of humanities at the Hebrew University of Jérusalem, has been named the ,Alexander White Visiting Professor m theDivinity School of the University df Chicagofor the 1969-70 académie yearWerblowsky will teach courses m Jewishmysticism, thèmes and problems m Rabbmictheology, problems in comparative mysticism,and the phenomenology of religion^ Biochemist Elwood V Jensen has beennamed to succeed Nobel Lauréate Charles BHuggms as director of the Ben MayLaboratory for Cancer Research, a part ofthe University of Chicago médical complexDr Huggms, the William B Ogden Distmguished Service Professor of Medicine,will dévote full time to his cancer researchactivities now m progress at the LaboratoryJensen was born m Fargo, North Dakota,m 1920 He received an ab degree m 1940from Wittenberg Collège, Spnngfield, Ohio,and a p!id degree in organic chemistry m1944 from the University of Chicago, and isinternationally known for his research onestrogenic hormones, m particular for thediscovery of unique estrogen "receptor"substances in hormone-dependent tissues andcancers and for elucidating the way in whichthe hormone reacts with thèse receptors tostimulate growth«$$&- A Adrian Albert, dean of the Divisionof the Physical Sciences and a renownedmathematician in the field of linear algebras,has been named a member of the Board ofTrustées of the Institute for Advanced Study,Princeton,1 New Jersey vAlbert, also the Ehakim Hastmgs MooreDistmguished Service Professor at the University, is one of the few acadefnicians everinvited to serve on the Institute's fifteen-member board The Institute, founded in1930, is dedicated to pursuit of advancedlearning and scientific exploration m an un-structured, informai atmosphère•5^ Six members of the faculty are among135 new members of the American Academyof Arts and Sciences They are,Saul Bellow, novelist and professor of ,English and m the Committée on SocialThought,Daniel J Boorstin, author of The Amen-cans and the Preston and Sterling MortonDistmguished Service Professor of History,Anthony Turkevich, authonty on thechemical composition of the moon's surfaceand the James Franck Professor of Chemistryand in the Ennco Fermi Institute,Gilbert F White, authonty on watermanagement and professor of geography,William H Zachariasen, the ErnestDeWitt Burton Distmguished Service Professor of Physics, andAntoni Zygmund, the Gustavus F andAnn M Swift Distmguished Service Professorof MathematicsTheir élection bnngs to sixty-eight thenumber of UC faculty members who aremembers of the Acaderny of Arts andSciences, which is one of Amenca's oldestlearned societies It was founded m Boston m1780 by John Adams and other leaders ofthe Massachusetts Bay Colony, who used asmodels such learned societies of Europe asthe French Acaderny and the Royal Societyin London«5^ Kamil Zvelebil, Europe's foremostscholar of Dravidian Janguàges and culture,has been appomted professor of Dravidianlanguage and culture m the Department ofSouth Asian Languages and CivihzationsZvelebil, a native of Czechoslovakia, is amember of the Oriental Institute of theCzechoslo^ak Acaderny of Sciences and hasbeen a member of the faculty at CharlesUniversity m Prague He is the author orco-author of eleven bookslmd translator ofeight other volumes from classical and smodem Tamil, Malayalam, and English<$&- Morris Janowitz, professor and chairmanof the Department of Sociology, has beenappomted to the Social Science AdvisoryBoard of the U S Arms Control and Dis-armament Agency ' (acda)A major function of the Social ScienceAdvisory Board is to advise the acda m theformulation, présentation, and implementationof arms control and disarmament measuresin the light of social science research andperspective, mcluding knowledge of socio-economic factors affecting attitudes towardarms control and disarmamentJanowitz has-wntten on the sociologicalaspect of mihtansm and civil-military relations His books include Tfoe New MihtaryChangmg Patterns of Organization^ TheProfessional^Soldier, and The Rôle of theMihtary m the Political Development of NewStates^ Three new members hâve been electedto the Board of Trustées of thé University of Chicago Their élection was announced byFairfax M Cône, chairman of the BoardThe new members areRobert E Brooker, chairman of the Boardof Directors of marcor, Inc , Chicago,Kenneth B Clark, président of theMetropolitan Applied Research Center, Inc ,of New York City, and professor of psychology at the City University of New York,andWilliam B Graham, président and chiefexecutive offîcer of Baxter Laboratories, Inc ,Mbrton Grove, 111<$&¦ Knox C Hill, professor of philosophyand director of undergraduate programs inphilosophy and an alumnus of the Universityof Chicago, has been appomted secretary ofthe faculties at the UniversityHe will succeed Charles D O'Connell,dean of students at the University, who hasserved as secretary of the faculties since 1958By University statute, the sepretary of thefaculties acts as secretary for each rulingbody of the I/niversityThèse include the Council of the UniversitySenate, the faculties of the Collège, the fourgraduate Divisions (Humanities, SocialSciences, Physical Sciences, and BiologicalSciences), the Pritzker School of Medicine,the Graduate School of Business, the DivinitySchool, the, Graduate School of 5ducation,the Graduate Library School, the Law School,the School of Social Service Administration,and the University BoardsThe pnmary duty of the secretary is toattend meetings of the rulmg bodies andreport the results to the members çoncerhed<¦$$&- Karl J Bemesderfer has been appomtedassistant to the président He served from1966 to 1968 as assistant dean of the Collègeand lecturer m the social sciences m theCollège of the Universitv«$$&- Murray Gell-Mann, professor at theCalifornia Institute of Technology, receivedthe 196J? Nobel Pnze m physics on October30 A member of the University of Chicagofaculty from 1952 to 1955, Gell-Mann 1$ the thirty-third Nobel Pnze récipient whohas been associated with the University as astudent, teacher, or researcher«5^- The followmg departmental chairman-ships hâve been announcedJohn A Brinkman, an authonty on thepolitical and social history of Babyloma andAssyna, appomted chairman of the Department of Near Eastern Languages7 andCivihzations,Mrs Anne P Burnett, a Hellenist whosefîelds are Greek poetry and, m particular,the dramas of Eunpides, appomted chairmanof the Department of Classical Languagesand Literatures,John G Cawelti, an authonty on American cultural historv, appomted chairman ofthe University's ) Committée on GeneralStudies m the Humanities,Robert Haselkorn, professor of bidphysics,named chairman of the Department ofBiophysics,Léonard Linsky, an authonty on thephilosophy of language, appomted chairmanof the Department of Philosophy,Marvin Mikesell, professor of geography,appomted chairman of the Department ofGeography ,Kenneth J Northcott, professor of OlderGerman hterature and dean of students inthe Division of the Humanities, appomtedchairman of the Department of GermanieLanguages and Literatures,Robert L Scranton,\ professor of classicalart and archeology m the Departments ofArt and Classics, appomted chairman of theDepartment of Art, ,'Dr Alvin R Tarlov, associate professorof medicine, named chairman of the Départment of Medicine m the Pritzker School ofMedicine and the Division of the BiologicalSciences,Norman H Zide, an authonty on Indianlinguistics, appomted chairman of the Department of Lmgmstics, andAristide R Zolberg, an authonty on ,Africa, named chairman of the Departmentof Political Science35ProfileThe Maroons returned to the varsity gridiron,and with them Jim Capser, a f ourth yearpre-med student from Montana Unf ortunatelyfor Jim, and perhaps more so for the Maroonsin light of the final scores, he tore a kneeligament m the very first game and had tospend the rest of the season on the "chaingang," markmg downs The sidelmes is notan accustomed spot for Jim Capser last season,he set three University wrestlmg records,wmning twenty-one matches and losing onlythreeA staunch traditiohahst, Jim was bred toa self -reliant life on a cattle ranch m thehigh country— an idyllic existence m the eyesof some city people, but just plam tough toa workmg rancherNot many collège students today can saythey hved m a log cabin without electncityor runnmg water when they were youngJim did, on his father's first ranch high upm Montana's Crazy Mountain range"Mom and Dad remember how they wouldhitch up a team of horses to a sleigh to getmto town during the winters We got ourwater from a stream m back of the cabin Awood-burnmg stove kept us warm andkérosène lamps provided our light," JimrecalledA few years later, when the family wasliving at another ranch on the MusselshellRiver, life was better "We were able to driveinto Harlowton fairly easily," he saidThe family almost never missed a Sundayat church, and Jim and his brothers andsisters went to a small country school inMartmsdale "There I was enrolled in a schoolwith one teacher and thirty-five otherstridents m eight grades "Jim was strugglmg to do a man's work atthe âge of five, helping his year-older brotherdrive the family cattle thirty miles fromthe summer range in the mountains tothe winter pasture near the little town ofTwodot, Montana Their father checked upon them penodically, but they often wereon their own during the drive There weregood times, too He remembers fishmg mmountain streams and tagging along whenhis father went deer-huntmg Jim still helps on the ranch during summervacations The family now has a main homesix miles east of Billmgs, where the feed lot islocated, and a larger spread near Rygate,where the main herd grazes During thesummer he rides fence, pitches hay, and doesthe thousand-and-one things that need doingon a ranchDuring his Christmas "vacation" two yearsago he spent ail but a day or two diggingpostholes and setting up fences at the feedlot "Hâve you ever dug postholes m frozenground, with the snow commg down^" heaskedThere's always work warting for him whenhe gets back to the ranch "I look forwardto it," he says, "but after a few months, l'mthmkmg about the campus, even anxious toget back "Jim is tall, six-four, broad-shouldered,and has the lean hips of a horseman Duringthe wrestlmg season he keeps his weight downto 177 pounds, but he normally weighs about195 In the fall he plays end on the University'sfootball team Then he slims down for thewrestlmg season In the spnng he is amember of the University's Rugby ClubThis year he may try out for the varsitytennis teamIn each of his three years of varsitywrestlmg, Jim has been named the team'soutstandmg member He has won forty-fourmatches and lost seven (only three m hisweight class) and he has twice been enteredin the ncaa's Collège Division WrestlmgChampionshipsHow does Jim feel about wrestlmg^1 "Eachyear, I can hardly wait until the seasonstarts— but I really don't know why Practicefor most sports is fun For wrestlmg it's justwork and pain When a match is about tostart, I look at my opponent and wonderwhy I ever came out for the team My handsget ice-cold and there are butterflies mmy stomach But once the référée starts thematch there îsn't time for fear Ail thestarving to make weight, ail the runnmg,the cahsthenics, the endless répétition ofdifférent moves, ail the sweat and the achesand pains pay off then "When the match is over, you feel so tiredvou don't know if you can walk off themat But if you've won you know ît's ailbeen worth it "Jim has led the varsity wrestlmg team asco-captain for two straight years His c^oach,John Schael, said "Jim is always reachmgfor excellence, whether on the athletic fieldor m the classroom He's a quality performerwith ail the personal qualities— loyalty,dedication, leadership, competitiveness— thatbreed success "After giaduation Jim hopes to entermédical school, possibly at the Universityof Colorado He plans to be an orthopédiesurgeon and to set up practice "somewhereout west ""That doesn't necessanly mean Montana,"Jim explamed "Colorado mterests me So doArizona and New Mexico Ail I know forcertain is that I want to live west of theMississippi The East and Midwest don't'interest me at ail"l've always wanted to be a doctor I can'tever remember wantmg to be anythmg elseI don't know why I feel this way— maybebecause my mother was an army nurse duringWorld War II "Jim was the butt of a certain amount ofkidding when he first came to the University"People made jokes about Montana and aboutme being a cowboy I never mmded Thosewho joked about the West had never beenthere and don't know anything about ranch-mg," he saidAt first glance, Jim seems like the typicalquiet Westerner in the style of Gary Cooper"I still find it difficult to meet people andtalk with them " But after he knows a person,Jim opens up "Coach Schael calls me'loquacious' because I talk so much," hesaid, laughmg \Nevertheless, Jim does impress an observeras a typical Westerner, one who understatesmost things and keeps his mnermost thoughtsto himselfOn the subject of the Midwest, and morespecifically Chicago, Jim has réservationsabout the climate, both geophysical andhuman36"It's too humid in the Midwest In MontanaI can run or work hard in températures overa hundred degrees and never work up asweat And the Chicago wmters are toodamp We can take 30 or 40 degrees belowzéro a lot better\ in Montana than you cantake above-zero températures hère ""The University is a gray place duringthe winter and many students just burythemselves m their studies l'm always happyto get outside^and relax "Jim feels that Chicagoans, too, are cold"Back m Montana, people talk to perfectstrangers when they pass on the street InChicago, I sometimes hâve the feelmg thatpeople don't really see one another, that theyare always ready to wall^ over the otherperson "Jim ranked fairly high in his Collège Boardtest scores On the act tests, he placed inthe top five percent on a nationwide basis"I like my studies hère at the University,particularly those m math and the sciences,especially physics," he saidJim never thought of coming to theUniversity of Chicago until he talked withDr Albino Marchello, an alumnus whopractices medicine in Bilhngs, and with ahigh school adviser, a fnend of MargaretPerry, the University's Associate Director ofAdmissions The adviser encouraged Jim totry for one of the University's two annualStagg Scholarships, given to high schoolstudents who combine -cademic aptitude withathletic ability He apphed and, although hedidn't land the scholarship, he was namedfirst alternate Such is the académie caliber ofStagg appheants, however, that they oftenquahfy for other University scholarships, andthis was the case with Jim He entered as afreshman in the autumn of 1966No contnbutor to the génération gap, Jimdraws warm praise from his elders WalterL Hass, Professor and Chairman of theDepartment of Physical Education, says that"Jim is a fine athlète, a fine student, and,most important, a real gentleman To knowhim gives one great faith m the youngergénération "And Miss Perry, who was instrumental in getting Jim to apply for admission, said"Jim's life in the big-sky country has givenhim a rare sensé of self- discipline andmdependence, contnbuting greatly to hisachievements m athletics and académie workat Chicago "Jim has fitted in well with university life,despite its différences from the life he knewas a child But there were some initialdifficulties m adapting, and he crédits hisfratermty with easing the strain"My fratermty, Psi Upsilon, has been amajor factor m my life at the University Itgave me a sensé of identification which Ibadly needed during my freshman year, andI feel I owe it an awful lot Without it, Imight not hâve stayed hère," Jim saidIn July, 1968, Pace Magazine featured Jimin its monthly "Pace Salutes" column Hehas won numerous trophies for his wrestlmgfeats, three letters for varsity wrestlmg, threeUniversity Football Club Awards, and afîrst-place trophy m judo compétitionCowboy, athlète, future doctor Jim Capseris ail of thèse His qualities are of the kindthat f ounded the nation— and now seem almoststrange in it As someone once said, theydon't hardly make that kmd anymore — rdk Make plans now forReunion Weekend— June 12 and 13Campus tours, Faculty Round-table,Class reunions, Inter fratermty Smg,Ail Alumm Luncheon, After-the-Smg Flmg,Concert, The Présidents Réception3»An advertisement for Chicagochairs, with some little-known facfson the birch trèe, from theRoman Empire to the University. . .In the athletic contests of ancientRome, trophies of birch branches wereawarded to the victdrs, a practice whichlatèr spread to récognition of achieve-ment m other areas In time, the "fasces"—a bundle of birch rods, sometimeswith a protruding axe —became a sym-bol of authonty, carried through thestreets on civic occasions by lictors,the sheriffs of their dayIn the New World, the birch had beenused extensively by Indians, notablyfor wigwam pôles and the bark canoëBut the earhest settlers largely ignoredthe tree m favor of softer woods whichlent themSelves more easily to construction m primitive circumstancesWoodsmen often were discouraged bythe labor needed to hew down a birch,especially when they felled a treewhose toughness had kept it upnghtlong past its useful âge for lumber/ Most observers, deceived by thebirch's graceful appearance, were un-aware of its great strength JamesRussell Lowell called it "the most shyand ladyhke of trees "The sap and leaves of the birch yieldan oïl similar m fragrance to wmter-green, and one of the tree's early useswas m the flavonng of a soft dnnkknown as birch béer As the characterof its wood became apparent, the birchbegan to be used m thç manufacture ofproducts where durabihty was important tool handles, wagon-wheel hubs, ox yokes, barrel hoops, wooden-ware Challengmg oak and hickory forstrength, and excellmg them m beauty,birch soon came to be favored by themakers of sleighs and carnages And,fmally, cabmetmakers adopted thewood for the fmest furnitureSome of the first railroad tracks werespiked to birch crossties In the early Jdays of the automobile, birch was usedby some coach makers for the mainframe and other structural membersDuring the métal shortages of WorldWar II the British used the wood m themanufacture of airplanes —especiallym the well-known mosquito bomber,constructed almost entirely of birchplywood Tennis rackets and skis arestill made of birchSome years ago, the Alumni Association found a century-old New Englandfurniture manufacturer who continuesto employ hand craftsmanship m theproduction of early American birchchairs The firm, S Bent & Brothers ofGardner, Mass, is still operated bythird and fourth génération descendentsof its founders Hundreds of their piècesare now m the homes and offices ofalumni and —especially t^e sturdy arm-chairs— are found everywhere on campus, from the Présidents offtce to theQuadrangle Club model available through the AlumniAssociationThe designs for the Chicago chairsorigmated m colonial times and reachedtheir présent form m the period from1820 to 1850 The selected yellowbirch lumber cornes from New Brunswick, Canada, and from Vermont andNew Hampshire Except for modern-day improvements m the adhesives andthe satin black finish, the chairs arefaithfully traditionalIdentification with the University isachieved by a silk-screened goldChicago coat of arms on the backrest,At least one United States Président,while m the White House, owned aBent & Brothers armchair, identical incolor, design, and construct on to the complementmg the antique gold détail stnpmgs on the turnmgs The arm-chair is available either with black ornatural cherry arms Ail chairs areproduced on spécial order, requirmg aminimum of four weeks for dehvery,and are shipped express collect fromthe factory m MassachusettsThe University of ChicagoAlumni Association5733 University AvenueChicago, Illinois 60637Enclosed is my check for $ , payable toThe University of Chicago Alumni Association, for the followmg Chicago chair(s) Armchairs (cherry arms) at $44 each_ Armchairs (black arms) at $42 each Boston rockers at $35 each Side chairs at $26 eachName (please prmt)Address ^Alumni 3^ewsClub EventsBoston: Despite damp weather, a largegroup of Boston alumni enjoyed a boat tripto historié George's Island in Boston Harboron September 28. Edward Rowe Snow servedas a guide to historié spots on the island.The program was arranged by WilliamFredrickson, président of the Boston club.On November 19, Kenneth J. Northcott,chairman of the Department of GermanieLanguages and Literatures and résident headof Shorey House in Pierce Hall, spoke tolocal alumni "On Becoming a Middle AgedRésident Head."Chicago: Metropolitan Chicago alumni wereinvited to a théâtre party to see JosephHeller's We Bombed in New Haven, directedby James O'Reilly, University Théâtre director, on November 20. Followmg theperformance, alumni met the east anddirector at a wine and cheese party inReynolds Club South Lounge.Dallas: Ira Corn, Jr. served as chairmanfor a meeting held on October 21 featuringDr. Sheldon Schiff, co-director of the Woodlawn Mental Health Center and associateprofessor of psychiatry. With the aid ofvideo tapes, Dr. Schiff commented on thework of the Center.Denver: Roy P. Mackal, associate professorof biochemistry and board member of theLoch Ness Phenomena Investigation Bureau,Limited, spoke to Denver alumni on November 19 on "The Mystery of Loch Ness."He used slides and film to illustrate his talk.Mrs. Melvin Newman, président of theDenver club, served as chairman.Détroit: Norval Morris, the Julius KreegerPi of essor of Law and director of the Centerfor Studies in Criminal Justice, presented"The Honest Politician's Guide to CrimeControl" to a group of Détroit alumni.The meeting, held on October 30, waschaired by Miles Jaffe.Houston: F. Max Schuette served as chairman for a meeting held on October 22. Dr. Sheldon. Schiff, co-director of the Woodlawn Mental Health Center and professorof psychiatry, described for alumni thework of the Center.Indianapolis: On October 31, Norval Morris,the Julius Kreeger Professor of Law anddirector of the Center for Studies in Criminal Justice, spoke to Indianapolis alumnion "The Honest Politician's Guide to CrimeControl." Serving as chairman for the eventwas Matthew Welsh.Los Angeles: On September 20, alumnigathered to consider the question "Who Isa University?" with a panel of students, afaculty member, and Alexander Pope, LosAngeles club président, who served asmoderator. Discussion continued through thesocial hour which followed. Panel memberswere John Dabrowski '72, David Spindel '71,Joël Smirnoff '71, and Knox Hill, professorof philosophy.New York: On October 17, a représentativeof the California wine industry spoke toalumni prior to the audience participationportion of a wine tasting party. Club officersfor the coming year were announced. A.David Silver will serve as président. Newvice-présidents are Betsy Barnes, AttallahKapas, and Margaret Heyman. SusannahGross will head the Schools Committée.Hans J. Morgenthau, the Albert A.Michelson Distmguished Service Professorof Political Science and History, spoke toNew York alumni on November 13 on thetopic "The Crisis of American ForeignPolicy: Viet Nam."Philadelphia: On November 4, Dr. SheldonSchiff, co-director of the Woodlawn MentalHealth Center and associate professor of ;psychiatry, spoke to Philadelphia alumni onthe work of the Center. Dr. Léonard F.Barrington served as chairman for the event.Portland: Philip M. Hauser, professor ofsociology and director of the PopulationResearch and Training Center, discussed the question "Whither Our Chaotic Society?"with Portland alumni. Edgar Waehrer servedas chairman for the meeting, held onNovember 17.Providence: John B. Graybill, minister ofthe Barrington Presbyterian Church, spoketo Rhode Island alumni following a sherryhour àhd dinner. The topic of his talk was"Biblical Archaeology." Mrs. MercedesQuevedo, Rhode Island club président, madethe arrangements for the program.Puget Sound Area: Philip M. Hauser, professor of sociology and director of thePopulation Research and Training Center,discussed "Whither Our Chaotic Society?"with alumni. Richard C. Reed served aschairman for the meeting, held on November 18.Rochester: James M. Redfleld, master of theNew Collegiate Division, spoke to alumnion October 23 on "The Revival of Teaching."David Lyons, chairman of the SchoolsCommittée, reported on the Schools Com-mittee's plans for the coming year. CharletonBard served as chairman for the event.San Francisco: Benjamin S. Bloom, theCharles H. Swift Distinguished ServiceProfessor of Education, spoke to alumni onNovember 12 on the subject "EducationalChange at the National Level." Alan Mare-mont, San Francisco club président, served aschairman for the gathering.Southern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois:Alumni were invited to spend a day atYerkes Observatory on Lake Geneva onSeptember 27. Response was so great that theprogram was repeated on September 28 to 1permit more alumni to attend. Charles RobertO'Dell, director of Yerkes and chairman ofthe Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics at the University, and William vanAltena, assistant professor of astronomy andastrophysics, spoke to alumni about thehistory and on-going work of the Observatoryfollowing a luncheon. Alumni then toured40Class Notesthe Observatory and relaxed in beautifulautumn weather on the extensive lakesidegrounds.Washington, D.C.: At a meeting held atthe Georgetown Collège Observatory onOctober 7, Washington alumni heard a panelconsider the question "Is Space Worth It?"Abe Krash served as moderator, and panelmembers were Urner Liddel, executivedirector of the Lunar and Planetary MissionsAdvisory Board of NASA, and Léonard S.Rodberg, associate chairman of the Department of Physics and Astronomy of theUniversity of Maryland. Father Francis J.Heydén, director of the Observatory, tookalumni on a tour.Wilmingion: Richard G. Stern, professor ofEnglish and author of a number of novelsand short stories, discussed a novel that heis presently preparing with Wilmingtonalumni at a meeting on October 31. JackJacobs and Nicholas Letang served as co-chairmen.Make plans now forReunion Weekend— June 12 and 13Campus tours; Faculty Round-table;Class reunions; Interfraternity Sing;Ail Alumni Luncheon; After-the-Sing Fling;Concert; The Présidents Réception. (~\fi Mrs. Alfred S. Alschuler, Sr., x'08,has received the Leadership forFreedom Award of the Women's ScholarshipAssociation of Roosevelt University. Shereceived the University of Chicago AlumniAward in 1944. Mrs. Alschuler established thefirst public school nursery in the UnitedStates in Chicago in 1925, and has mademany contributions to the field of nurseryschool éducation.In Memoriam: Elsie P. (Mrs. John T.)Johnson, sb'o8, AM'24; Franklin C. McLean,sb'o8, md'io, SM'13, phD'15.T A L. Mercer Francisco, AB'14, who1 teaches marketing and salesmanship atthe Downtown Center of San Francisco StateCollège, is also involved in a lecture sériespresented by the Business AdministrationExtension of the University of California atBerkeley. Mr. Francisco is writing a bookon the subject of the séries, "Developinga Marketing Plan in an Economy ofSurplus."In Memoriam: Willard P. Dickerson;pfiB'14; Léon Stolz, phB'14.Donald D. Laun, SB'24, SM'35, hasbeen engaged in research whichresulted in a complète measurement of thetungsten spectrum and an analysis of itsstructure. His flndings hâve been published inthe Journal of Research of the NationalBureau of Standards. Mr. Laun, a formermember of the Bureau's spectroscopy sectionin Kiel, Wisc, has been involved in thisarea of research since 1932.3^ Lionel F. Artis, prm'33, was recentlyJ/ honored at a récognition dinner givenby the twenty-three Indianapolis civic andcommunity service organizations on whoseboards he serves. He has been associated withthe Lockefield public housing developmentfor over thirty years and in 1967 receivedthe Community Services Council's "MostWanted Man" award, and the "Man ofthe Year" citation of the local B'naiB'rith Council.Maurice Kraines, phB'33, JD'34, AM'65, is on the faculty of the Collège ofDuPage, 111.James Aianus, '33, retired last summer fromhis position as mathematics teacher atLyons (111.) Township High School, aftera thirty-three year career there.In Memoriam: Truman D. Fox, AM'33.Norbert C. Barwasser, MD'34, hasbeen elected président of the34lowa-Illinois Central District MédicalAssociation. He is a dermatologist practicingin Moline, 111.William A. Comerford, prm'34, is managerof surety lines in the Peoria, 111. office ofTravelers Insurance Companies. He joinedthe flrm in 1943, serving in Chicago untilhe was assigned to Peoria.Carleton L. Lee, AM'35, p^dV' anauthority on patterns of leadership35in race relations, has joined the faculty ofWestern Michigan University as directorof black studies programs. He came toWMU from Cheyney State (Pa.) Collègewhere he was a professor of social science.Robert D. Meade, phD'35, has recentlycompleted the second of a two-volumebiography of Patrick Henry, entitledPatrick Henry: Practical Revolutionary ,published by the J. B. Lippincott Company.This volume covers the period of Henry'slife from the outbreak of the AmericanRévolution (where the first volume ends)to his death in 1799. Mr. Meade has beenchairman of the History Department atRandolph-Macon Women's Collège since1939.^% F** Catherine B. Cleary, AB'37, lsJ 1 president-elect of the First WisconsinTrust Company, a subsidiary of the FirstWisconsin Bankshares Corporation, largestbank holding company in the state. Shejoined the firm in 1947 and was executivevice-président from 1963 until her récentappointment. She served as assistanttreasurer of the United States and asassistant secretary of the Treasury in1953-54.41Charles J. Katz, md'37, has been namedassociate superintendent of the WyomingState Hospital at Evanston. A psychiatrist andboard certified neurologist, he and hisfamily formerly resided in Wilmington,Del., where he was in private practice asa neuropsychiatrist. Previous to that hewas clinical director and chief psychiatristfor several mental hospitals and mentalhygiène clinics.Léo Rangell, md'37, was elected présidentof the International Psycho-AnalyticalAssociation at their twenty-sixth annualcongress held recently in Rome. He isclinical professor psychiatry in the uclaSchool of Medicine and a training analystat the Los Angeles Institute forPsychoanalysis. >3>£ Ralph F. Leach, '38, has become àvice-chairman of the board of theMorgan Guaranty Trust Co. of New York.He joined the bank in 1953.Nora MacAlvay, phB'38, has beenhonored for her work as a teacher andorganizer of the Children's Theater Workshopof the Dunes Arts Foundation, MichiganCity, Ind. Mrs. MacAlvay has beenassociated with the group for twenty-twoyears, and many of her students hâve goneon to high professional achievement inthe theater world.Paul P. Pickering, SB'38, SM'39, MD'41,has been elected président of the AmericanSociety of Plastic and ReconstructiveSurgeons. He is in practice in San Diegoand is chief of section, plastic surgery,University Hospital of San Diego County.In Memoriam: Arthur F. Heine, phB'38.Norman Hilberry, phD'41, has received the Atomic Energy Comrnis-sion's citation for outstanding service. He isprofessor of nuclear engineering at theUniversity of Arizona and has served asdeputy director and senior scientist at theArgonne National Laboratory.Evon 2. Vogt, AB'41, AM'46, phD'48, isauthor of Zinacantan: A Maya Community inthe Highlands of Chiapas (Harvard Uni versity Press), the first full-length ethnographie study of Zinacantan culture. He isprofessor of social anthropology at Harvardand curator of Middle American ethnologyat the Peabody Muséum.A f> Norman G. Foster, SB'42, associateS professor of chemistry at TexasWoman's University, has been elected tofellowship in the American Institute ofChemists. Dr. Foster is the author ofnumerous scientific tracts dealing with hisresearch on the mass spectrometry of sulfur'compounds and his investigations of iso-topically iabeled compounds.Richard H. Logsdon, phD'42, has accepteda new post as dean of libraries for the CityUniversity of New York after serving asColumbia University's director of libraries.Robert P. Straetz, SB'42, is president-electof Homelite, a division of Textron, Inc.,Providence, Ri. He had been executive viceprésident of the firm, which manufactureschain saws, portable generators and pumps,ride-on law mowers, and snowmobiles.In Memoriam: George H. Parkinson,phD'42; Margaret Weinberg, x'42.A F*! Joseph R. Goeke, AB'47, is co-author1 / with Caroline S. Weymar of a spécialreport, "Barriers to hiring the blacks," whichappeared in a récent issue of Harvard Business Review. The article is based on severalopinion surveys which indicate changingattitudes toward minority groups and the rôlewhich private industry should play in hiringand training the hardeore unemployed. Mr.Goeke is vice-président and a director ofOpinion Research Corp., which he joined in1947 as a field director.Ray Scherer, AM'47, has become theLondon correspondent for nbc after fifteenyears as White House correspondent. Hejoined nbc after receiving his degree fromthe University.Joseph Sisco, AM'47, pho^o, is now assistantsecretary of state for Near Eastern andSouth Asian affairs. Since 1965, he has beenassistant secretary of state for internationalorganization affairs, dealing with many Near East and South Asian problems as they wereconsidered at the U.N. Mr. Sisco, who joinedthe State Department in 1951 and the ForeignService in 1956, has served as a politicaladviser on successive United States Délégations to the United Nations GeneralAssembly. He has received a number ofawards, including the Department's SuperiorService Award and the National CivilService League's citation as one of the tenoutstanding career officers in government service in 1966.Olaf K. Skinsnes, MD'47, pfiD'47, professorof pathology at the University of Hawaii,has been named editor of the InternationalJournal of Leprosy, the officiai publicationof the International Leprosy Association.He succeeds Esmond R. Long, ab'ii, pfiD'19MD'26, who was editor for the past five yearsCurtis G. Smith, AB'47, phD'54, has beenappointed professor of biological sciencesat Mount Holyoke Collège.Bernard Steinzor, phD'47, is author ofWhen Parents Divorce: A New Approachto New Relations, a book recently published by Panthéon. He is a iecturer in theprogram of psychiatry and religion atUnion Theological Sèminary, New York,and a psychotherapist in private practice.Michael Weinberg, Jr., AB'47, MBA'49,has been elected secretary-treasurer ofthe Chicago Mercantile Exchange, thenation's largest exchange dealing in perish-able commodities. Mr. Weinberg is amember of the Alumni Association Cabinet,a director of the Commodity Club ofChicago and of the Lincoln Park Zoologi-cal Society. He is treasurer of WeinbergBros., an eighty-year-old Chicago commodity firm.In Memoriam: Thaddeus J. Lubera, phD'47Channing H. Lushbough, AB'48, AM'5:phD'56, has been elected vice président, planning and development, of GreaterNew York's Blue Cross (Associated HospitalServices of New York). Mr. Lushboughjoined Blue Cross in 1967, after serving eightyears as director of product information forthe Mead Johnson Research Center, Evans-42ville, Ind He also has been a lecturer inthe Department of Biochemistry at theUniversity of ChicagoRichard W Muzzy, MBA'48, who is viceprésident international of Owens-CorningFiberglas Corp , has been named to the boardof directors of Federal-Mogul Corp , Détroit,Mich , a position formerly held by his father,H Gray MuzzyRobert S Novosad, SM'48, phD'52, hasjoined the faculty of Gamma Collège, theUniversity of West Flonda, Pensacola, as aprofessor of aeronautical Systems He hadbeen research supervisor in the Systemsanalysis department of the Martin-ManettaCorp m DenverDonald Peckenpaugh, pfiB'48, AM'54, pho'68,has been named Duluth supermtendent ofschools He had been head of Joint SchoolDistrict No 1 m West Bend, WiscAustin Wright, AM'48, phD'59, has hadhis first novel, Camderfs Eyes, published byDoubleday Mr Wright, who is currentlyan associate professor of English at theUniversity of Cincinnati, has taught a télévision course on fiction and has publishedscholarly and critical works dealing mostlywith the short storyIn Memoriam Patricia Wandel Ballard,'48 AM'51A Ç\ John R Opel, MBA'49, w^as recentlyl'y/ elected a senior vice-président ofInternational Business Machines Corp MrOpel, who joined IBM in 1949 as a salesreprésentative, continues as vice-président,finance and planning, a position he has heldsince 1068William T Price, '49, has been appomtedcorporate planning officer and assistantto the président of the American NationalBank 8t Trust Co, St Paul, Minn His dutieswill include such long range corporateprojects as real estate development He joinedthe bank in 1956Richard M Rorty, AB'49, an associateprofessor of philosophy at JPrmceton University, has been named one of six McCoshFaculty Eellows in récognition of distmguished scholarship The awards, Pnnce- ton's highest faculty honors, carry a fullterm of leave or its équivalent and a drawmgaccount for research experises Mr Rortyplans to do research on Descartes and Kantduring his leavePhilip W Stetson, AM'49, has beenappomted an assistant professor m thelanguage department at Montclair StateCollège, Upper Montclair, NJBeverly W Warner, MBA'49, is one ofsix executives recently elected to the boardof directors of Bank of America, New York,Edge Act subsidiary of Bank of AmericaNT & SA, San Francisco The board wasexpanded for the first time to includemembers from outside the bank MrWarner is executive vice-président ânda member of the board of Corn Products CoIn Memoriam Augusta (Mrs Alfred)Jameson, phD'49£(\ Robert E Feltes, MBA'50, has beenZj elected vice-président of the ContainerCorp of America Associated with thecompany since 1954, Mr Feltes will continueto serve as company controllerNan E McGehee, AB'50, has joined thestaff of Interace, Inc , a newly formedbi-racial consulting firm established to assistbusiness management in race relations Sheis an associate professor of psychology atthe University of Illinois, Chicago CircleCampus, and director of the honorsprogram thereDonald A Olson, MBA'50, has beenappomted vice président of Terence NFlanagan Associates, New York management consultants specializing m organiza-tional planning, management audit, andexecutive recruiting He was director ofplanning and administration, KearfottGroup, Smger-General Précision, Little Falls,N]Mrs Gustavius Papangelis, AM'50,administrative assistant for the Illinois Children's Home and Aid Society, has beennamed to the Evanston (111 ) Mental HealthBoardRuth L Pike, phD'50, has received a2 5 -year service award from the Collège of Human Development, Pennsylvania StateUniversity, where she is a professor of foodsand nutrition She received the 1967Borden Award for fundamental research mnutrition and was the Marie Curie lecturerat Penn State last yearFreda Gould Rebelssky, AB'50, MA'53, isassistant professor of psychology at Boston University and director of its doctoralprogram m developmental psychologyHarold Strauss, AM'50, has joined thefaculty of the University of Miami's Schoolof Business Administration as an associateprofessor of management He was formerlyemployment program director for theEconomie Opportunity Program, Inc , ofDade CountyJames L Weil, AB'50 The Correspondences(American Weave Press) is the title ofthe sixth book of poetry wntten by MrWeil, a créative writing teacher at FieldstonSchool, New York He is founder andeditor of the Elizabeth Press, devoted solelyto poetry, and has^ received a second grantfrom the National Endowment for the Artsin support of the press5 Y Emmet V Mittlebeeler, phD'51,will act as visitmg lecturer for a yearat the Institute of Administration at theUniversity of Ife m Ibadàn, Nigeria, a university unit devoted to the advanced trainingof members of the Nigérian civil serviceDr Mittlebeeler is on a leave-of-absencefrom American University in Washington,D C , where he is professor of governmentand public administrationIn Memoriam Richard T Thornbury,MBA'51r* f> Herbert L Caplan, AB'52, JD'57,^3 recently accepted an executive positionwith Aspen Systems Corp , formerly theHealth Law Center of the University ofPittsburgh For the past ten years MrCaplan has been a trial lawyer in ChicagoThis year he was chairman of the firstnational convention of défense attorneys,which met at the University pf Chicago'sCenter for Contmumg Education43Donald A Theuer, MBA'52, has beenelected to the board of trustées of NorthCentral Collège, Naperville, 111 He is amember of the publications staff of theUnited Methodist Church lO^ David S Coleman, AM'63, has earnedJ a pho from the University ofWisconsin He is an associate at Kepner-Trego, Inc , a management consultmg firmm Princeton, N JLawrence Grauman, Jr, AM'63, nasbeen named assistant professor of hteratureat Antioch Collège and editor of theAntioch Review His first issue of the well-known literary quarterly (Spring 1969)was devoted to a critique of penodicaljournalism today, and the magazine wasgiven a newly designed format Mr Grumanhas written for such magazines as NewRepubhc, Harper's and The NationWilliam R Sloan, '63, MD'67, and hiswife, the former Judy Beckner, '67 areresiding in Waukegan, 111 Dr Sloan wasassigned as a lieutenant at the Great LakesNaval Center for a two-year period, aftercompletmg his internship at Michael ReeseHospital, Chicago, last July Mrs Sloan isdomg musical programs for the ChicagoConférence of Women's Clubs and theConférence of Jewish Womenf\£ Kenneth D Brown, bs'65, ms'68,,3 mba'68, has been named market research analyst in the commercial development area of Màrbon Division, Borg- WarnerCorp , Washington, W Va He wasformerly a research analyst with the ChicagoArea Transportation StudyBruce S Feldacker, JD'65, has returnedto civihan life and is practicing law withthe St Louis firm of Schuchat, Cook andWerner He had been serving as captainin the Army's Judge Advocate General'sCorps in WashingtonCharles T Levitan, AB'65, has beenawarded a $1,000 scholarship by the RutgersMédical School on the basis of supenoracadémie qualifications The scholarship,which covers the 1969-1970 school year, is provided by the Pfizer LaboratoriesDivision Mr Levitan is a member of theClass of 1972 at RutgersJohn E Poling, AB'65, has received hismaster's degree in physics and astronomyfrom the University of IowaJ Ben Robertson, MBA'65, is vice présidentof the Milwaukee branch office, RepubhcRealty Mortgage Corp He had previouslybeen director of the mortgage loan department of W Lyman Case & Co , Columbus, OPeter W Rupp, MBA'65, is employed inthe supply group at Humble Oïl & RefimngCo , Houston, TexJames H Sauer, MBA'65, is president-elect of the Goss Co , a division of Miehle-Goss-Dexter, Inc He joined the firm in1961 as manager of sales administrationf\f\ J^mes N Albright, sm'66, has beenappomted professor m the scienceteaching department, Collège of LibéralArts, Syracuse University Mr Albrightspecializes in geology and science éducationDeirdre Holloway, ab'66, spent the summer as an assistant at a mission hospitalin Ganta, Libéria, on a Smith, Klme andFrench scholarship A junior at MeharryMédical Collège m Nashville, she was oneof thirty-one médical students selectedto receive the fellowshipsJoan M Lukach, am'66, is co-author withJeanne L Wasserman of Daumier Sculpture—A Critical and Comparative StudyMrs Lukach is presently completmg workon a phD m art history at Harvardf\lml Lung-Ting Chang, phD'67, has joined/ the staff of Miles Laboratories,Eikhart, Ind , as a research microbial geneti-cist in the molecular biology researchlaboratory He had been a postdoctoralfellow m biology at Dartmouth CollègeH Joseph Curl, MBA'67, has been namedassociate director of the new Loyola University Hospital in Maywood, 111 He alsohas beeen appomted an instructor m theDivision of Allied Health Science at theCollège of DuPage (111), where Jhe willlecture on administrative practices for nurs- mg home admimstrators He joined theLoyola Hospital staff as assistant directortwo years agoJ D Denne, MBA'67, has been named astudy director for the Chicago Tribune Heformerly was an associate project directorand market analyst thereLoren C Lindeke, MBA'67, fias beenpromoted to the position of associate productmanager in grocery product marketing forthe H J Heinz Co , Pittsburgh He joinedthe firm last year as a product assistantr\>4 Bernard Aronson, ab'68, is now workmg as a vista volunteer with theKentucky River Foothills DevelopmentCouncilNeil Genshaft, mba'68, has been promotedto assistant secretary of Supenor's BrandMéats, Inc , Massillon, Ohio, where he hadbeen personnel director and cost managerMr Genshaft practically grew up with thecompany, workmg summers and after schoolin almost every phase of the business sincehis early teens While studymg at Chicago, hewas a cattle buyer for the firm m the ChicagoStockyardsWilliam J Nitschke, mba'68, has beenappomted marketing manager for commoncarrier mobile products of the Communications Division of Motorola, Inc He joinedMotorola m 1956Picture CréditsDavid Windsor cover, 20-27, 37, 45Sander Wood Engravmg 31Lynn Martin art direction and designFacmg page The Henry Hmds Laboratoryfor Geophysical Sciences was officially opened071 October iqth This contemporary gothicbuilding was designed by I W Colburn andAssociates of Chicago44H$*>OnOQON^»-4UjUjc:onH,C!CïïOI — IooOonOon