MAGAZINThe Executive and his Healthhlow Does your Garden Grow?Report on CancerWhat Makes Reuther ReutherWorld's Dilemma: Too Many People?spend a night as a guest in one of the student residence hallsvisit the Chicago Lying-in Research Pavilion and the Fermi Institute with experienced guides¦attend a seminar of five' experts on world population(but you won't be welcome unless you have done your homework)¦ tour the new buildings of the Hyde Park-Kenwood neighborhood redevelopment-attend classes given by University faculty members on their favorite subjects:"Why the Rains Came"; Roscoe R. Braham, Jr., Meteorology"Dr. Zhivago and Russian Literature"; George V. Bobrinskoy, Linguistics"Fowl Play and Mother Love"; Eckhard H. Hess, Psychology"The Impact of the St. Lawrence Seaway on Chicago"; Harold M. Mayer, Geography-join your classmates in special reunion activitiesAT THE 1959 ALUMNI REUNIONSJUNE 12-13Check your current Tower Topics for other eventsscheduled and registration details.MemojmNone of our businessAs you read this, Alpheus II is probablydown on the winding Tennessee, or maybethe Ohio, or possibly the Mississippi. Allare rivers except Alpheus, which is what"A" stands for in Lawrence A. Kimpton.But when you add "II" it is a cabin cruiserwith the Chancellor as captain, crew, andchief cook.It's his first vacation without a port-of(business) -call in the eight years of theKimpton administration. With the captainis his wife, Marcia. And the unsealedorders call for docking in home port, nearthe Kimpton summer home at Lakeside,Michigan, just ahead of the SummerQuarter.The Chancellor made news in Marchwhen front-page rumor had it that hewould take a leave from the University tohead President Eisenhower's proposed committee on national goals. The Chancellorhad been called to the White House todiscuss such a committee.In this rebuilding period of the University the rumor disturbed faculty and students alike until the Chancellor, on March19th, issued a statement:"Our meeting concerned the form andfunctions of the Presidential Commissionon National Objectives ... of extremeimportance to every American. It is vitalthat the membership of this Commissionand its staff be the finest that this countrycan offer . . ."Although the President was kindenough to discuss the method and procedures of this Commission with me, heat no time asked me to become chairman.Even if he had I could not accept thechairmanship because of prior personal andprofessional commitments."Both as Chancellor of the University ofChicago and as president of the Association of American Universities, I am intensely interested in the work of thiscommission. In both capacities I havepledged to the President the fullest degreeof support I can give."None of our business (cont.)There should be no pantie raids in Providence this year. Dialogue not daintiesushered an early spring onto the BrownUniversity campus.It started with an inconspicuous ad inthe Brown Daily Herald inserted by aChicago alumnus, Wade C. Thompson, '46,AM '49, English instructor at Brown. Itannounced the circulation of a petition insupport of abolishing intercollegiate footballThe pitch was in the fire and 700 students met in Sayles Hall for the inevitablePanel debate. Admitted Thompson: there never was a petition or a committee tocirculate it. Apparently it was merely adevice to inspire discussion on the valuesof football vs. (for example) the dialogue.Said Thompson (according to front pagereports) : "I'm sure you wouldn't have paidhalf so much attention if I had petitionedfor the abolition of Christianity."Said Athletic Director Mackesey: theBrown University football player is ahybrid who successfully combines hisstudies with athletics.The Providence Journal, on a field day,reported columns of interviews:President Keeney: "Mr. Thompson hasa perfect right to raise this question. Idon't happen to agree with him . . . It'san early spring day."A senior: "He made mention of theUniversity of Chicago. It doesn't applyhere.History department head: "My attitudeis neutral."The Journal: Most faculty membersdanced away from the debate like classyhalfbacks avoiding tacklers."Summarized Thompson: "Footballdoesn't build character any more thantennis does, or chess. There is no substitutefor motherhood." And finally, "To all ofyou who really thought football was indanger at Brown, let me say to you, letus keep our heads out of the clouds, ourfeet planted firmly in the mud. Otherwisewe will lose our sense of proportion."Like the late Will Rogers, all I knowis what I read in the papers (clippings)mailed in abundance from two of ourRhode Island Club officers, CharlotteMorrison, '42, AM '43, and Beverly GlennLong, '44.O'Hara back at HiramI lost track of Frank O'Hara. This isn'tsurprising. Before he retired he was alwaysdisappearing, on his off quarters, with noforwarding address. It was likely to turnout he'd been on a tramp steamer to someseries of strange ports.A letter in late March confirmed mylatest assumption. Frank wrote fromHiram, Ohio, "I spent a little while inPhoenix this month on my way back fromAustralia and New Zealand, whither I'dgone via Europe and — you guessed it — aNorwegian cargo ship. Nine weeks and aday aboard, Oslo to Sydney. How's thatfor leisure?"The letter added: "It's good to be atHiram College again. You may recall thatI was here for the winter of 1958. I likedjust about everything except the winter,and so I was thoughtfully invited back forautumn and spring quarters. Thus I wasable to run away from the winter — andreached Australia for their hottest summer in twenty years."Speaking of Phoenix, Frank enclosed aclipping about Edna Levine, '35, who wasonce his student in writing for publication.The clipping was from the PhoenixArizona Republic where Edna is "editor,inventor, and the entire staff of the bigSunday Republic's 'Boys and Girls' page.Obviously she is having a marvelous andsuccessful time. When an editor once askedif her page was being read she dumped theweek's sixty pounds of mail on his desk."According to the story, Miss Levineinvented the picture crossword puzzle andcontinues to make new ones every weekfor her page."But for me the startling fact in thearticle was that way back in Omaha, shewrote a lovelorn column under the nameof Cynthia Gray. You may not rememberthat name but in my high school days thatwas the first name I ever associated witha confessions column."As for Frank O'Hara, he's been a distinguished visiting professor at some college or university about every year sincehe retired. His next letter can be fromany one of our 50 (!) states or an unheard-of dock.Impish five feetHarry H. Pollak, AM '51, writes: "WhileI was in India recently as a labor representative at the United States Small Industries Exhibition in New Delhi, I picked upa paper which contained the attachedarticle."The article featured an interview with"petite, green-eyed" Hamshad Rahim, AM'58. The article never made it quite clearjust what Miss Rahim is doing except conducting a "novel public opinion poll." Theyfound it "hard to believe that this impish,five-feet tall bundle of energy is an M.S.in Psychology and a Master of Social Sciences from the University of Chicago"where she lived at International House.Hamshad's analysis of Americans: "verytense emotionally. In spite of being themost materially advanced, you don't feelthey are contented. The stress and strainof economic competition is too great."Hamshad adds that the majority of theAmericans are very hard working but theygo all out to enjoy themselves on Saturdaynight. They don't frequent night clubs asmuch as we think. They prefer quiet entertainment at home. Of course, she concludes, the tremendous popularity of television partly accounts for this.She assured the reporter that her threeyears in America weren't all work. Quotefrom the reporter: "She has seen all thesights worth seeing there including ofcourse, 'My Fair Lady' and that spectacularwartime play 'The Diary of Anne Frank.' "MAY, 1959 1Token of appreciationElla Metzker Milligan, '06, Denver, diedJanuary 1, 1958. On February 17, 1959 atrust officer of the First National Bank ofDenver sent a check for $11,558.52 to theUniversity which represented "the residueof [Mrs. Milligan's] estate ... to myrevered Alma Mater . . . unrestricted endowment ... as a simple token of myappreciation."For those who knew Ella and her lovefor Chicago, this final act will be no surprise. At Denver University Ella Milliganhad been dean of women, professor ofLatin, and for nearly two decades chairman of the Department of the Historyof Art.She and her husband, Edward, had anattractive home and flower-studded gardenin the university community. Ella wasalways an important working member ofour Denver alumni club and at intervalsshe and Edward entertained the membersin their home.Ella's many civic services attracted theattention of the Association and, in 1943,they brought her back to the June Reunionfor a citation for good citizenship. Ofcourse she was greatly pleased.In her bequest Ella was able to exceedthe annual financial aid to Alma Matershe had been able to give during her lifetime. But her enthusiastic Chicago influence through the years can never be measured in annual gifts or generous bequests.$100 + $5A member of our Century Club ($100or more to the Alumni Fund) dropped infrom Cleveland the other day. During hisvisit it developed he was not a member ofthe Alumni Association. This surprisedme because he has always been an activeand enthusiastic alumnus."You know," he admitted, "I've alwaysbeen a little irritated about this. I make agift of $100 and then you turn around andask me for an additional measly $5 formembership and the Magazine.Before I explained this "double solicitation" I told him my irritating reverse experience with my undergraduate college.I wanted to repay a one-hundred-dollarscholarship. But it cost me $102 becauseit was announced that "$2 of your giftwill be deducted for membership dues." Ididn't want to join the association butthere was no choice.This can't happen at Chicago. No moneyis ever deducted from your gift to theUniversity for dues to the Association —unless you request it. This monthly Magazine, which costs over $25,000 a year justto print and mail, is payed for completelywith your dues.When you give to the University —whether $15 or $1500— not one cent isdeducted for membership. If you want tosupport the Association's program and receive the Magazine, membership dues willturn the trick without affecting yourFoundation gift to the University.With this explanation our Clevelandvisitor took a three-year membership atthe special $12 rate. *H. W. M. s^cool, lightweight, comfortableOUR COLORFUL SPORTWEARmade on our own distinctive modelsWashable, Extremely Lightweight (5 ounces) Blazeroj Orlon*-and-Cotton in a New Oxford Weave.Navy} Tan or Light Blue, $40Odd Trousers of Orlon-and-Cotton in New Oxford Weave.White, Navy, Tan, Light Blue, Yellow, $ 1 7.50Crease-resistant Irish Linen- and - Terylene Odd Jacketin Small Grey or Tan Checks, $45India Madras Odd Jacket, $39.50Lightweight Navy Flannel Blazer, $50Sport Shirts, from $8.50 * Bermuda Shorts, from $ 1 1*DuPont's fiberESTABLISHED 1816V eir* ? utntstungss, ffats ^$boes346 MADISON AVENUE, COR. 44TH ST., NEW YORK 17, N. Y.1 1 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 6, N.Y.BOSTON • CHICAGO • LOS ANGELES • SAN FRANCISCOUNIVERSITY/ ofMAGAZINE MAY, 1959Volume 51 Number 8THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE5733 University Avenue, Chicago 37, IllinoisMidway 3-0800, Extension 3244EDITOR, Marjorie BurkhardtPublished monthly, October through June, by the University ofChicago Alumni Association, 5733 University Avenue, Chicago 37,Illinois. Annual subscription price $5.00. Single copies, 25 cents.Entered as second class matter December 1, 1934, at the Post Officeat Chicago, Illinois, under the act of March 3, 1879. Advertisingagent: The American Alumn? Council, B. A. Ross, director, 22Washington Square, New York, N. Y. IN THIS ISSUEFeatures4 The Executive and his Health Seminar9 What Makes Reuther Reuther Kermit Eby18 Report on Cancer Dr. Lowell T. Coggeshall22 How Does your Garden Grow?24 World's Dilemma: Too Many People? Philip M. HauserDepartments1 Memo Pad12 Books by Faculty and Alumni13 News of the Quadrangles26 Letters to the Editor27 Class News32 MemorialsCoverA tomato plant injected with radioactive phosphorus takesits own picture when placed on a film strip. Such a picture appears in the background of this issue's cover.For details, see "How Does your Garden Grow?" on page 22.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONPRESIDENT, Arthur R. CahillEXECUTIVE DIRECTOR-EDITORHoward W. MortADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANTRuth G. HalloranPROGRAMMINGElizabeth Shaw BobrinskoyALUMNI FOUNDATIONFlorence Medow Regional OfficesEASTERNRoom 22, 31 E. 39th Street, New York 17, New YorkDIRECTOR, Clarence A. Peters MUrray Hill 3-1518WESTERNRoom 322, 717 Market Street, San Francisco 3, Cal.DIRECTOR, Mary Leeman EXbrook 2-0925LOS ANGELES BRANCH Mrs. Marie Stephens1 195 Charles Street, Pasadena 3After 3 P.M.— SYcamore 3-4545MAY, 1959When alumni of the Executive Program planned a campus meeting, they wanted aprogram which would be of interest and importance to not only themslves, but also theirwives. President-elect of the Club, John A. Mattmiller, suggested a seminar and question period:The Executive and his HealthWilliam E. Henry One way in which the subject of the mental health of the executive may be ap-Associate ProfessorCommittee on Human Developmentand Department of Psychology''The Executive and hisMental Health" proached is to describe the ways in which an individual might be expected toalter and to change his personality orientations over time. I am going to talkabout personality change with age in its relationship to an evaluation of thatchange, that is, mental health. As a mechanism I'd like to describe what I taketo be some of the characteristic and important changes which occur in personsin the age groups of thirty, forty, and fifty.The first group I will refer to as the Thirty. Who are they? How do they seethe world around them? How do they relate these two?The thirty-year-old group has certain characteristics which present them withparticular advantages from the point of view of their own mental health. Oneof these is the substantial agreement and consistency among the group in theirviews of the outer world. They have no arguments amongst their immediatepeers. They view this outer world primarily in terms of the word "achievement,"and specifically, "achievement-demanding." As they look at the outer world, thefirst thing that occurs to them is the notion that it is a world which is going toask of them one thing — or at least that one thing first — and that is accomplishment. They further argue, that if they act acquisitively and assertively, andfollow the cues which that outer world provides for them, they are going to besuccessful. This is indeed a very happy model.There is one concomitant of this attitude which is important. I have said thatthey focus primarily upon the outer world; they look for the cues from the business scene; they interpret those primarily as demanding achievement; they followthese cues with certainty and vigor. The concomitant is that at the same time,they have a strong tendency to refuse to look at themselves. By this I mean thatthe general area of personal feeling, of inner desire, of affiliation, that is to say,their personal friendships — intimate relationships — tend to come very minimallyand in a very limited fashion into their awareness. They focus on the outer worldto a large extent, excluding consideration of their own inner world.The forty-year-old group have come to wonder if it is all as idyllic as theThirties appeared to think. First, Forties begin to re-examine their own innerfeelings, begin to wonder if they should not have perhaps have been somethingelse. They seem to think that college professoring might have been a nice idylliceasy, undemanding, role.As they re-examine their own inner life, they also re-examine the values of thesystem. And they begin to distrust the system.More bothersome to them is the contact which they again re-experience betweenthese values of the outer world and that which they may have lost by not havingbeen an artist, a university professor, a bum, or something else non-demandingwhich would permit them, in effect, not to be lazy, but to maintain their nostalgicimage of their early, intimate, personal relationships.This means the forty-year-olds become somewhat more conflicted, and at thesame time, they become more complex; they think of more things, they considermore alternatives, they re-examine the relationship of themselves to this now-questioned and re-examined outer world.The fifty-year-old group appears to continue this pre-occupation. They differ4 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEfrom the Forties in that rather than reintegrating themselves in the demands ofthe outer world by becoming reconvinced that the business system into whichthey were falling was the right one for forgetting their conscience, they have atendency to develop an alternative. They have a tendency to run into philosophy— some of these philosophies being sound generalizations, based upon theirexperience with business and with life in general, and some of them being morenebulous.Therefore, one might describe three general kinds of alterations in these menfrom thirty to fifty. One of these is a gradual shift from a fairly exclusive focusupon the demands set by the world around them, to a more exclusive focus,upon their own inner resources, inner feelings, personal desires. The second isa movement from becoming businessmen to becoming family men; that is, thefocus of the re-examined personal relationships in the latter years is the family.Thirdly, from the view of the outer world for the Thirties as clear cut withsimple, straightforward goals, for the Forties, the world becomes more conflict-ful, more subdivided into alternatives; more questions can be raised about theinevitable Tightness of its nature. The Fifties, gradually remove themselvesfrom the intensity of the involvement of the Thirties, withdrawing to increasethe observations of their own goals and their own objectives.In this change certain difficulties and hazards will immediately occur to you.In some ways, the mental health of the thirty-year-old executive is a simplerproblem. His views, in a sense, are so identical with the objectives of the businesssystem, that variations from them that can result in possible difficulties andconflicts, have less likelihood of occurring. There is, nonetheless, too exclusivea focus upon the business scene, with too much suppression of the intimatepersonal relationship, and — not at thirty, but when they get to be fifty — toomuch difficulty in re-establishing those relationships.In many ways the forty-year-old group becomes the most difficult, in that themaximum amount of conflict appears to be possible. The danger is really inthat re-examination of neat personal relationships; the discovery that they canmistake the lady next door for their wife, or that they might have to choosebetween personal relationships and the goals of business. They must, therefore,abandon certain of their earlier, firmly established goals in the business sphereto the effort to re-establish relationships in time.For the Fifties the dangers are mistaking nostalgic reconstructions of successesfor a soundly based business generalization.Di% Fausto Tanzi At the University we are, and have been involved in, for the past six years,periodic health examinations of a group of executives in the Chicago area.Assistant Professor and It would be illogical to conduct the same type of examination for grammarschool children as for the armed forces or a group of executives. Our examina-Secretary to the Department tions performed at the University of Chicago Clinics, is designed to uncoverabnormalities, peculiar to men between the ages of forty and sixty-five, whoof Medicine are engaged in responsible positions in commerce and industry. In such a66 m m group, the most serious and life-threatening abnormalities are those of the1 he Executive and his cardiovascular system — the heart and blood vessels — and malignant growths.Physical Health" ^ Present> no one smgle test is capable of revealing the presence or absence ofeither hardening of the arteries or cancer. We are required to apply a numberof techniques in order to arrive at the conclusion. A comprehensive medical andpersonal history of pain, with the aid of a questionnaire and a personal interview, a careful, thorough, physical personal examination is done, with a batteryof laboratory tests.Counselling is gone about as the proper follow-up of the abnormalities discovered. The habits of the individual are discussed, with emphasis on correctingthose which are conducive to a state of good health. Then a complete technical,medical summary of the examination is forwarded to the family physician,asking first the consent of the individual examined to do so. No report is madeto company officials.We feel very strongly that it is up to the individual to make the necessary adjustments in his work according to his state of health.The first examination requires a period of about three days for its completion.The individual stays in the hospital for that period for reasons of comfort andexpediency. The yearly successive examinations can be done in one day anddo not require a hospital stay.Are such examinations worthwhile — they are expensive, they are time-consumingfor the group, which is usually a corporation, there is some discomfort asso-MAY, 1959 5Fred L. Strodtbeck .Associate ProfessorDepartments of Sociologyand Psychology"The Executive and hisFamily" ciated with it; does the occasional discovery of a malignant lesion or some otherpotentially fatal disease at a time when it can be treated successfully justify theexpense, time and discomfort?Well, I do not know the answer to this question, but I do think that such apoint of view — to evaluate such an examination on that basis — is really missingthe point. Most of us, especially after a certain age, are very likely to sufferfrom symptoms of one kind or another — the morning cough because of toomuch smoking may be associated with a story of a man with cancer of the lung.The realization that there is no evidence of such a serious lesion can relieve thisanxiety, and furthermore, it is likely that discussing the habit of smoking mayinfluence a decision to do something about it.Then, the person who put on just a few pounds of weight because of too manydinner meetings, too many Martinis, bed-time snacks, no exercise, might be quiteshocked when it is pointed out to him that he is thirty pounds over his idealweight. The increasing incidence of the diseases of the heart and blood vessels,diabetes, and a host of other minor disorders, which are associated with obesity,is very well publicized. Frequently, although not as much as we would like tosee, proper habits of food intake and exercise have been instituted. This isusually done with a great deal of success when the wife enters into the picture.It is so easy for me to say so many polops of the colon were found in somany individuals, but this other type of benefit that we derive from the examination is very difficult to put down on paper. The greatest benefit to the individual, his family, and the company for which he works, is derived by the multiple, minor abnormalities and corrections of these disorders and unhealthyhabits, and correction of the anxieties that are connected with the symptoms ofthe disease. In a healthier way of living, the individual becomes more productive, is a better companion for his wife and family, and is a better addition tosociety. It is impossible to tabulate this type of result.In order to give you a little feeling for the technology that lies behind what I'mgoing to discuss, let me outline some of our procedure.We simply go into a family and ask them a series of questions, independently,and then give them an opportunity to resolve these questions among themselves.We have extended this, not only from the study of husband-wife couples, butwe also include the study of mother-father and adolescent son, and it is in thisconnection that some of our findings lead up to observations which I thinkwill be of interest to your topic, the executive and the family.For example, we would propose a question of this sort, the young boy has gonewith friends into the service: he has a chance to get a higher rating; should hestay with his friends or take the higher rating? And then we will get a responsefrom mother-father and adolescent son. And in another instance we might askabout a question that relates to leaving home to get a better job. Then wesimply propose these questions to the family, to discuss, to come to understandhow each member of the family came to espouse the position that he did, andif possible to reconcile their differences.These discussions are recorded and we find that if a person listens to such arecording, taken from the family in one week, and compared it with a recording taken at later times, there is very little difference because there's a set ofsystematic expectations that people have concerning the way in which others,with whom they're frequently in contact should react, and when they don't reactthat way, they tend to induce the sort of pressure upon them that brings thiscrystallization of roles back.Now, some interesting regularities appear when we score these situations. It'snot at all surprising to find when you look at these reconciled differences thatfathers tend to win somewhat more than the mothers, and the mothers tend towin somewhat more than do the adolescent sons. But, in which kind of family doyou think the father wins the largest percentage of the decisions — the executiveclass family, or the labor class family? How many would believe that it's thelaboring class? How many the executive class? My next point relates to theessentiality of social science, because you're all wrong except the one girl whofavored the executive. So this is a tremendously important point to drive home.What is the cumulative effect of coming into family forums with fathers whoare as competent as most executives, in contrast to coming in to family forumswith fathers who still carry their lunch buckets to work with them? We'veTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEgone about investigating it in this way: first, we assess the literature relating toachievement. We find that there is a marked differential associated with thesocio-economic status and other ethnic and cultural values, between the degreeto which persons believe the affairs of their life are under their own personalcontrol. A second constellation that comes to be important relates to the degreeto which a person choses to work individually, to be rewarded, or punishedindividually, in contrast to his desire to be a member of a group, and to acceptthe rewards that are given to groups. With the adolescent boys, with whomwe've worked, two additional values come to be quite important. One, relatingto the boy's willingness to forego immediate pleasures in order to obtain long-term goals; and then the other one — it's so modest and almost plaintive, thatwe perhaps couldn't have otherwise anticipated it, if we had had the somewhatpopular and distorted view of the independence and adequacy of adolescence— this is a willingness to leave home to get ahead.The way in which these values relate to the family power scores that I previously described is as follows: We take those boys who are over-achievers inschool; their value scores are markedly higher than those who are underachievers in school. In general, if you look at the value scores of the fathers,the higher the socio-economic status of the father, the higher his value scores.Now this is quite interesting, because it is a commentary upon the roles ofspecialization and differentiation between males and females. There is no statusgrading in the achievement value scores for females, because having the degreeof specialization on the integrated social, emotional aspects of life that womendo, their orientations toward achievement values are not systematically differentiated by status.Going back now to the relationship between the power in a family constellationand the achievement value scores of the son, a very interesting relation arises,namely, the higher the power score of the father in winning decisions in thefamily forum, the lower the achievement value score of the son!Now I wish that I could conclude my brief remarks with some guides to action,but I regret to say that our research has not progressed that far at this time.Mr. Strodtbeck I'm afraid to state an opinion on that question, primarily because I don't believethat anything that he would consciously try to do in this direction would beShould a father attempt to be very effective. The possible pathology of over-dominating in a situation is notexactly the same thing as that which I was talking about here today; I was simplymoderate in assuming the power reporting that when we consider our data in a statistical way, we find that thereis a detectable and significant corollation of the value score of the boy whenin nis family. the father tends to have more power in the discussion situation. Now one ofthe things that is associated with the greater expressed power by the son is hisown greater competence in carrying out many sorts of tasks which cause othersin his peer group to regard him as resourceful.In addtion, one comment on your remark. I want you to understand thatthere are many of the families in our samples in which the wife has won moreof the decisions than the father, but assembling the full set, the results that Ireported are accurate. There is one interesting change in the pattern of nurturentbehavior in the families, in which the father wins more decisions than themother, and the mother wins more decisions than the son, in contrast to theother families. It's only when this first pattern prevails that the mother is moresupportive and nurturent to the father than she is to the son. In all otherpatterns, she tends to become more supportive to the son than to the father, sothat when we look at this phenomena, we see the need for nurturent supportfor the executive as well as for the son.Mr. Henry Unquestionably sustained periods of anxiety and worry, which appear to haveno appropriate and reasonable solution within your own control are debilitating,Would you comment on the nerve-racking. Sometimes by proposing that worry is debilitating, which insome senses it unquestionably is, it has been also intended to assume that theeffect of the worry and over- absence of worry is the opposite desirable state. I'm not so sure that that is thecase at all; I'm not proposing really that you ought to be a little bit worriedwork an executive encounters? all the time or you're going to fall asleep, but I am proposing something ratherclosely related to it. That is, that a reasonable state of what Professor AllisonDavis has referred to as "adaptive anxiety" as opposed to a kind of anxietywhich blocks you off from action, is indeed, a plausibly healthy state.I suspect that general phenomenon known as over-working, which is assumedto mean too much tension, too much work, has nothing to with work. It seemsto me that evidence, at least from the number of people who appear to put so7Dr. Tanzi What percent of the executivesyou examined had anythingseriously wrong with them?Mr. Henry What causes the anxietiesan executive suffers?Dr. TanziMr. StrodtbeckMr. Strodtbeck Can you enlarge upon yourobservation that executivefathers hold the familypower position? much of their time into it, is probably more along the general line that Workis healthy. The problem has to do with their approach to work and the relationship of that work to their own personal life, rather than anything inherentin the nature of little or lots of work.It depends very much upon what you consider serious. In general, the wordserious is "life-threatening." About 10% of the individuals comes up withsome disease, which, if left alone, would cost the life of the individual in thefollowing two or three years. These 10% usually represent grave malignantlesions. In the group, we were too late to correct the seriousness in the case ofonly one individual. In the others, we doubt if there will be any recurrence ofthe disease. When you talk about other potentially serious diseases like arterialsclerosis, we have nothing specific to treat this with, except for the generalways of good health.I think we should divide the possibilities up into these two: For the first, thesense of not being able* to get ahead, the frustration and not having work of aresponsible and respectable nature creates more stress than the feeling that atfive o'clock, you're really not quite done, you are going to have to drag something home with you, and you are going to have to think it over during yoursleep in order to complete it. There are other circumstances in which excessivestress stems from being placed in a position very considerably beyond yourskills, but if I had to divy them up, I'd say that pushing a little harder is abetter state than the first.If the family is happy and the wife can put the greatest percentage of her effortson this relationship of making the family pleasant for the husband and thechildren, I think that this would probably increase the life and productivity ofthe individual more than anything else.We've all been somewhat talking about elements of stress with particular emphasis upon the notion of achievement. There may be a cue to the answerthere. Certainly one of the characteristics of the executive group is the extentto which both the husband and the wife and, at least in some families after awhile, the children, place increasing emphasis on their own choices of action,upon the general signs of progress, social mobility, and its immediate manifestsymptoms, Cadillacs for Papa, and roadsters for Junior. This only representsone major area of tension, whether it is in terms of the husband and the wifeeach competing for the signs of progress which they consider most appropriateto the general situation, or whether it is the kind of anxiety and tension thatcomes from wondering whether you're getting ahead as fast as the other vice-president.Now I'd like to go back to a more primitive assessment. Take the example ofhaving a small steak for dinner, a steak in which there is only one tenderloin.Lei's review the strategy by which it's allocated in your family. If the wifetakes this tenderloin — in how many of your families does this happen? — shemay be taking it with the thought, "Look, you're always traveling around onexpense accounts, you get out, and so forth, and I really should get the tenderloin, dear." This problem of who gets the tenderloin in life is a much moreserious problem than that incident might imply. The real sense of gratificationthat the man gets from seeing a building built, from seeing his business moveahead, a sense of involvement that he has there — there is a real sense in whichthe division of labor in our society causes women to have many ambitions thatare not all different from men but to take a much more passive orientationtowards the affairs that pass them by. The probing, searching, for ways tomake the upper middle-class wife's life fill her needs — is a tremendously important question, and one which will in the long run, I think, contribute to thehealth and happiness of the executive's family on both sides.When man tries to argue from his own experience as to what he's found mostadaptive and most appropriate, he must argue from a background of his naturalaccomplishments outside the family, so that they are highly visible to boysbetween the ages of 14 and 16 years of age. There is an authority that anexecutive, or a person who has had a much broader range of adaptive experiencethan lower class people ordinarily have, the quiet competence that he can bringto saying, "Well, now, I don't really know, son, but I would sort of . . ." andby this approach he tends to exert a persuasive effect, which causes the sonthen to finally agree, "Oh, I see, Dad, I just didn't understand what you weredriving at. I think you have the right slant on this one. Let's go along withyour alternative." And that's the way it pretty much happens.8 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEWhat MakesREUTHERREUTHERWhA provocative study of the president of theUnited Auto Workers, a union that is secondonly to the Teamsters in size, and vicepresident of the federated A.F.L.-CI.O.,by a man who knew him and worked with himwhen he got his start in Detroit.By Kermit Ehyi o fessor, Social Sciences Division 'HEN I FIRST BECAME involved in Union activityin the 'thirties, good intentions and a willingness to pass outliterature, crank mimeograph machines, and man soundtrucks, was competence enough. During my employmentas a union expert in both the A.F.L. (Teachers) and thenational C.I.O., much of my time was spent convincingunion officers that brains and technical knowledge werenot liabilities. Today, while islands of ignorance still continue to exist, they are rapidly passing. Instead of complaining that they have no status, modern labor bureaucratsapologize for not answering their letters because of thepressure of work. Until the recent paradoxical businessexpansion and employment recession the labor movementwas one of the easiest spots in which to place my brightand dedicated young men.The labor movement has moved in the last twenty-fiveyears from the era of brickbats to an era of paper work.The election of Walter Reuther to the presidency of theU.A.W. and later to the C.I.O. and A.F.L.-CI.O. IndustrialUnion Council, more than any other event, contributed tothat transition. In the old days Allan Haywood representedto me the "hit the bricks" tradition. (How well I rememberhis scuttling a plea of mine for more educational funds byasking Phil Murray, "How many new members will Eby'sideas guarantee?")The old unionism began with Gompers and can be defined as "pure and simplism." Pure and simplism in turncan be described as "the faith that the power of the workerlies in collective action at the economic level." The contractis its decalogue; its manual of action, the strike; its highpriest, the business agent. In my classes I describe thephilosophy of this kind of unionism as "pragmatic dynamism" and quote an old friend who once told me, "I wouldrather have a nickel an hour than all of Reuther's speeches."Now Walter Reuther philosophically represents the antithesis of this kind of unionism. The argument of the business unionist that a union has the right to demand wageincreases but is not justified in interfering with the prerogatives of management in selling goods for what themarket will bring is not Reuther's argument. Reuther hasconsistently insisted that "the worker, while deserving thehighest possible standard of living, was primarily a part ofthe community and must strive to eliminate the viciousMAY, 1959 9circle of higher wages being swallowed by still higherprices." When he was fighting George Addes and R. J.Thomas for leadership in the U.A.W. in 1947, Reutherdeclared, "We condemn the discredited policy of the old-time labor leadership which pretends to promote the interests of workers by conspiring with management, as in thecoal industry, to exact higher prices from consumers."Consistent with this philosophy, Reuther has persistentlyinsisted that wage negotiations should not take place without taking into consideration their effect on prices. Also,since his election to the U.A.W. presidency, he has supported "open-book" negotiations, annual wages and a $200reduction in the price of cars, all because of his belief intheir contribution to economic stability.The old-timers, the "pure and simplists" — the hit-the-bricks men — gathered brain-trusters about them in a gingerly, uneasily wistful manner, as the nouveaux richesmight collect jewels. (How vividly I recall Phil Murray,saying to a group of his economists, "How good it is tohave you! But when I really want to find out how theeconomy is running, I go back to Pittsburgh and talk toJim Moore." Walter Reuther, on the other hand, bringstogether the bright young men from government, from theuniversities, from the technical mills which train economists, in a business-like fashion, and as a matter of course.In fact, I am of the opinion that the U.A.W. today has oneof the best brain-trusts of any private organization in thewhole U. S. A. Reuther is at home- among these brightyoung men because he, too, is an educated man. Probably,as clearly as any American, Walter Reuther understandsthe involvement of the modern American economy.This was made clear when he stated before the Democratic platform committee, in 1948, that "organized laborcannot solve its basic problems inside an economic or socialvacuum, and that we shall find solutions to our basic problems only to the extent that we can join with other peoplein finding solutions to the problems of all people in oursociety." Speaking more recently on the impact of automation, he declared,We know that the greatest good of society is notserved by permitting economic forces to operate blindly,regardless of consequences. We now know that economicj forces are man-made and subject to controls, that theeconomic and social consequences of economic decisionscan be foreseen and when the consequences threaten tobe harmful, preventive action can be taken.Walter Reuther has repeated time and again that for him,"Human freedom is not an absolute value. Human freedom is a value you can enjoy only in your relation to othermen."In order to appreciate fully how natural these expressions are to Walter Reuther, it is necessary to understand his heritage. Probably the strongest influence onWalter Reuther's personality was his father, ValentineReuther, a man who devoted most of his life to the American labor movement. Valentine Reuther had inheritedfrom his own father a strong strain of Lutheran feeling.Life was purposeful, and men were morally responsible.Walter's grandfather once remarked that churches do toomuch for God and not enough for man. Walter's father'sideas in turn were rooted in the German Social Democratictradition and the American rebellion of the early 1900's —Populism and Debsian Socialism. Valentine Reuther wasa Socialist and a friend of Eugene Debs. He spent manyhours supervising the education of his sons, and oftenarranged for Sunday afternoons impromptu debates onquestions agitating Americans. Even the Reuther recreationwas tied in to union picnics and socials in union halls.Walter quit high school in his third year to go to work, butthis by no means ended his education. He read avidly, attended night school at Wayne University, and in 1933-34took a trip around the world with his brother Victor, tostudy unrest and revolution first hand. They experiencedthe rise of Nazism, worked in Russia, sympathized withthe hungry of Asia.I met Walter Reuther for the first time soon after he andVictor returned from their trip. I was teaching in AnnArbor High School and was, like the Reuthers, a memberof the Michigan Socialist Party. One of my assumed responsibilities as a teacher of social problems was to exposemy sheltered Ann Arborites to the larger world. To accomplish this, I invited the more exciting young men of Michigan to speak to my forum. Walter was invited and accepted.Local patriots, I recall, objected and we had to transfer ourmeejting from the High School to the Unitarian churchacross the street. Many hecklers were present that evening,and Walter's handling of them was so superb that I havebeen more or less a disciple of his to this day. The contactsfrom that time to this have often been face to face, but inrecent years my knowledge of Walter is limited to constantreading of his speeches and his union's publications.If I were to synthesize my present impressions, I wouldconclude that following much struggle and much learningas to the nature of men and society Reuther no longerlooks at the world as an auto worker. And since autoworkers elect him primarily to look at the world for them,the paradox between the re-election of Walter Reuther andthe fact that the rank and file may not necessarily like himis striking. In fact, Reuther is too austere, too dedicatedfor many a worker to understand. "What do you make of aman who doesn't smoke, drink, chase women, or stay upto play poker?" has been asked by U.A.W. men more thanonce. Actually he is closer to his brain-trusters than todues-paying members. Nevertheless he represents themprobably as directly and effectively as any present-daylabor leader represents his union. He delivers for his members; pensions, annual-wage, and union security give invaluable equities to the men who are working. But industryprefers paying overtime to workers still employed ratherthan taking on and breaking in new ones.If anything, events are forcing rank and file and leadership of the U.A.W. closer together. Today probably 200 to250 thousand auto workers are unemployed; 13.8% of thelabor force in Michigan is not working. This means250,000 fewer dues-paying members. Automation and atransfer from plane manufacture to Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles in the defense program promises further inroads. Actually, 150,000 workers have lost jobs in Michiganalone due to cancellation of plane contracts. Six hundredand fifty thousand workers can probably produce our quotaof cars and trucks. But the unemployed do not buy cars;800,000 of them have already exhausted their unemployment compensation benefits. "In the meantime somethingmust be done," Reuther insisted. "The forgotten mustdramatize their plight." They did and marched on Washington — but not without credentials and official blessingsas they did in the days of Reuther's Socialist youth. Therewas not then so much fear of "undesirable" elements.Perhaps this new respectability is the inevitable result ofthe development of a man who, during the time he was stillplanning his career, declared, "While deeply interested inand sympathetic to workers, I do not intend to remain aworker for the remainder of my life." Since this significantconclusion, Walter Reuther has also been influenced by histimes. In 1934 he affirmed the Russian Revolution "as thefuture." This affirmation has haunted him since. In hisrise to power he also moved from a "united front" allianceon occasion to a position as Communism's bitterest enemy.Today, only George Meany exceeds him as an advocate ofAmericanism and adequate defense. With the consolidation10 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEof his position in the U.A.W. and the union's consolidationof its position, Reuther has become a labor statesman, involved in negotiation and contract.Politically Walter Reuther has been conditioned by hishistory. He probably withdrew from the Socialist Party in1936 because he saw in the New Deal the accomplishmentof his hopes. Today he militantly insists that a labor partyis out of the question!It might well be said today that Walter Reuther is to thelabor movement what Adlai Stevenson is to the Democraticp;; iv. Stevenson, growing out of the conservative ranks,e\ d by circuitous routes into a great liberal; Reuther,growing out of the fiery and firm-minded Protestantismradicalism of Debs and Bryan, evolved by opposite directioninto another great liberal. Both of them have in commona great facility for coining and expressing ideas. Theirpower lies in their ability to communicate, and like all menat home in the world of abstract thought they are feared bythe less articulate. This was very marked among his colleagues who, when Walter was late for a committee meeting,would make snide remarks about his preoccupation withspeeches outside the movement. It is just this preoccupation, on the other hand, which has made him known andrespected nationally.lay, Reuther stands in the majority wave where Roose-vci: ,.ood (also Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., Hubert Humphrey,Robert Nathan, Eleanor Roosevelt), in the belief that theneed is for a series of New Deals, each going a step furtherin the direction of social reform. Their economics at presentcan be described as a kind of escalator-economics. Americato reach its potential and meet the Communist challenge,must have more of everything, both guns and butter. Intheir escalator emphasis on more and more production,they share with Khrushchev and C. E. Wilson a commonfaith. Says Reuther, "There are too many people in America who are afraid of abundance because it's to their specialeconomic interests to go on trying to divide up scarcity."Because Walter Reuther, both socially and politically,h;: 'w become a national figure he has, with the help ofthe mains around him, changed the image of the laborleader. The symbol of the garrulous, gregarious, and well-meaning labor leader who goes knocking on the WhiteHouse door, or calling on Congressional committees, withhat in one hand and a brickbat in the other, no longer holds.The labor leader today presents himself, with a clear mindand clever tongue, and carrying a well-filled briefcase. Thismeans that the labor movement has evolved to a positionof national responsibility, which many of the leaders havenot yet comprehended.Today, the labor movement can no longer take refugein a national inferiority complex. Today, it is an equalamong equals in the compensatory state, which rewardsOi ithholds rewards to pressure groups in proportion totheir power or lack thereof. Reuther is part and parcel ofthe managerial revolution, and as one of the best and mostpowerful of the managers he can meet on a basis of equalitywith any one, including the president.Reuther is personally incorruptible and dedicated. Hismodest manner of living is well known, as is his devotionto wife and family. He cannot be bought with money orwith the trappings of pomp and circumstance. He is thusthe historically logical man to be the leader of all thoseindigenous forces of American liberalism which are re-emerging in this country out of the unanswered questionsof unemployment in America.here are many who do not share my enthusiasm for\ uher. To them I would say that if you would sidetrackReuther's leadership, give attention to the problems towhich he addresses himself.MAY, 1959 Kermit Eby joined the faculty of the University in1948. He here draws on his background as an organizer in 1935 of the Auto Workers and their firstlegislative representative in Lansing, Michigan; andas director of Education and Research for the CIO,1945-48. His most recent book: For Brethren Only.11poo(«c2HENDERSON THE RAIN KING: bySaul Bellow. The Viking Press, 1959, Pp.341, $4.50.All of Saul Bellow's novels have beenattempts at different artistic possibilities,but in Henderson the Rain King he hasabandoned even some of the things incommon among his other books. His protagonist is neither Jewish nor poor, andBellow is not concerned this time withthe interplay between a semi-proletariancharacter struggling to maintain himselfand intrusive events that force identitiesupon him he can only take or leave. In oneform or another this interplay has pervaded an enormous amount of fiction inthe last seventy or eighty years, and onecould roughly place Bellow until now bysaying that for all his experiments he hafsbelonged to a main current of fiction thathas given him his essential structures. Butnow he has written the adventures of aman more free to move and speculateabout himself.On the verge of moral collapse, Henderson can explore Africa in search of regeneration. Most important, he is capableof diagnosing his own illness and of formulating the cure with the aid of a primitiveAfrican sage. Henderson the Rain Kingis a strange book because these developments make it difficult to place. In spite ofits contemporary markings, is this novela reversion to the old option of the philosophic myth? How far do its resemblancesto works like A Connecticut Yankee inKing Arthur's Court and Gulliver's Travelscommit Henderson the Rain King to theobsolete cultural dialectics of these books?Or* may one consider its relation to atradition older than that of Bellow's othernovels the sign of a new departure, a stageof summary, introspection, and comparison necessary in our own day?One feels sure, at any rate, that thecareer of Eugene H. Henderson isgrounded in the present and written witha sensitivity to certain present as distinctfrom "timeless" needs. Rich, fifty-five, ugly,dissipated, fat, yet six feet four, 230pounds and immensely strong, Hendersonis living at the outset in Connecticut withnothing to do that he wants. He is married,whether happily or unhappily he does notknow. He has been around — Europe duringthe war, a previous marriage which hecancelled without exactly knowing why,and abundant sexual and alcoholic experience. But Henderson has never been satisfied. He is plagued with a voice inside himcrying "I want, I want, I want," which hetries to stifle by further indulgence and bydesperate labors like raising pigs or takingviolin lessons. He has reached the stagewhere his motives and acts do not fit and where an incoherent sequence of pointlessevents passes for normal. Perfectly in keeping with his disintegration, he tags alongwith an old friend and his bride on theirhoneymoon trip to Africa. Once thereHenderson still suffers his old compulsionto try something new. He leaves his friendand takes off in a jeep with a native guide,crying " 'Oh man! The farther the better.Why, let's go, let's go.' "Hereafter the form of Henderson's experience changes. He comes more andmore explicitly to search for his cure —for Being to replace Becoming, for beautyto replace egoism. In the search he acquires control over his past and present,and the style of the novel, which is Henderson's first-person narrative, imitates thischange by a development of coherence inplace of the earlier incoherence. The termsfor the cure are^ not primarily importantto Henderson or the reader. The most important thing is that he acquires the control, which consists in a filtering of his pastand present down to the motives essentialfor him. Among the "Arnewi" tribe, forexample, Henderson's most crucial discoveries are not contained in the oraclesof the ancient queen Willatale but in hissituation as a stranger who must explainhimself to the natives. Henderson's mostfabulous exploits occur among the "Wariri"tribe. He becomes rain-king — "Henderson-Sungo" — upon moving a heavy idol whichno one else could or would move, andparticipates in a wild rain-making rite. Hejoins the king of the Wariri, Dahfu, intrapping a lion supposed to be Dahfu'sfather after metamorphosis by death. Atlast he flees the tribe and returns to thewestern world after Dahfu's death in thehunt makes Henderson heir to the throne.But so far as his moral quest is concerned, the most significant events amongthe Wariri are his dialogues and experiments with Dahfu, who fortunately speaksEnglish. Like Willatale, Dahfu sees quiteeasily what is wrong with Henderson andproceeds to instruct him in the theory andpractice of animal imitation as a remedy.According to the king, a man's mind determines the character of his body, and thepractical way for a man to become regenerate is to imitate a creature that demonstrates a "noble self-conception" in its contours and movements. Hence Dahfu keepsa pet lion as a model of the proper soul,which he advises Henderson to imitate bygetting down on all fours and roaring andthinking a lion's thoughts. Henderson doesso. During his stay with Dahfu, moreover,he approaches regeneration. He discoversthat he is and has always been one to return good for evil. He knows at long lastthat he loves his wife. He also decidesupon a career; he will return to Americaand enter medical school, though at theage of fifty-five. Only by discovering hischaracteristic desires can he stifle the cry"I want, I want."But it is not a matter of Henderson'sacquiring all this through a necessary prim-itivism. He has always been deprived ofsituations where he could articulate hischaracter; someone like Willatale or Dahfuis useful because Henderson has always needed to explain himself to a stranger.When he meets the proper person, he merely blossoms out with a greedy faith whereby everything may have its uses for thesoul, even lion imitation.It can be difficult to recognize a philosophic myth when it is new, yet this seemsto be the appropriate term for Hendersonthe Rain King. Not an imitation of aConnecticut Yankee or Gulliver's Travelsnot an apologue in the old style of contrasting depravity with perfection, it isinstead the latest form of a myth stillfeasible for us Americans, the myth ofrealization through travel and strange experience. Henderson himself analyzes themechanics of it:'Americans are supposed to be dumbbut they are willing to go into thisIt isn't just me. You have to thinkabout white Protestantism and theConstitution and the Civil War andcapitalism and winning the West. AHthe major tasks and the big conquestswere done before my time. That leftthe biggest problem of all, which wasto encounter death. We've just got todo something about it. It isn't justme. Millions of Americans have goneforth since the war to redeem thepresent and discover the future .I am a high-spirited kind of guy. Andit's the destiny of my generation ofAmericans to go out in the world andtry to find the wisdom of life. It justis. Why the hell do you think I'm outhere anyway?'Experience in foreign lands has long beensensitive material for American writers,who have found the travel motif an aptmeans to discover characteristically American desires, beliefs, and actions. Assumingthat Americans were essentially differentfrom other peoples, writers have set theirIsabel Archers and their Dodsworths inforeign surroundings in order to discoverthe American character by comparison. Tosome writers, furthermore, the characteristic American role has been to enlightenforeign cultures, while to others it has beento learn from them. But in Henderson theRain King conditions have changed.There is no longer a division into enlightened and benighted peoples. Henderson certainly does not enlighten the Africans, and Africa is only the catalyst to hisown enlightenment. The American inBellow's novel is confused at home anddiscovers in travel only what he has beenand can be. Henderson is not "the American" because he is naive, loud, uncouth,and in other ways like the American offixed and standard character we used toread about. He is typical rather in thesense that he illustrates the most thatAmericans may discover about themselves.What they may discover, it so happens, isthat they are confused idiosyncratic, andisolated; they must enjoy themselves assuch and must base their futures upon desires peculiar to themselves. For Bellow'sHenderson as for Kerouac's wanderers inMexico, the cry " 'Why, let's go, let's go' "is an invitation to try the limits of theworld.Paul Baender, Instructorin English and Humanities,University of Chicago.12 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINENEWS OF THE QUADRANGLESLarge Grant to EducationThe University of Chicago's newGraduate School of Education has received a grant from the Ford Foundation for $2,400,000, to speed what theFoundation called "a break-through inteacher education." The action is thefirst phase of a concerted new effort tosupport improved training for teachers.According to president of the Foundation, Henry T. Heald, the effort "reflectsand seeks to advance growing trends toovercome weaknesses in teacher education."The grant to the University of Chicago was the second largest among atotal of $9,161,210 awarded to ninemajor educational institutions in theUnited States. The other institutionsreceiving grants were Barnard College,$70,000; Brown University, $1,047,000;Claremont Graduate School, $425,000;Duke University, $294,210; GeorgePeabody College for Teachers, $600,-000; Harvard University, $2,800,000;Stanford University, $900,000; and theUniversity of Wisconsin, $625,000.The University's new Graduate Schoolof Education, organized last November,operates around a core of specialists ineducational theory and practice, and inconjunction with the faculties of otherdivisions of the University, providingthe "content" courses for prospectiveteachers. It includes the pre-collegiateschools — the nursery school, elementary school, University high school, andthe Orthogenic School — all of whichmake important contributions to thepreparation of teachers, to research, andto the testing of ideas to improve schoolpractice. Also included in the Schoolare: the Audio- Visual Center, the Comparative Education Center, the Mid-West Administration Center, the Reading Clinic, and the School ImprovementProgram. This last program enables theUniversity to collaborate with 14 elementary and high school systems in fourstates, and aids the schools in curriculum revision, organization of teaching use of films and television, and othermodern devices.In a statement on the Ford grant,Dean Francis S. Chase of the School,said: "We, indeed, are proud to announce assurance of this large grant sosoon after the establishment of our newGraduate School of Education. It is ourplan to use the Ford Foundation fundsover an eight-year period to improveteacher-education techniques, seek methods to better school practices, and forresearch."Press Books HonoredFive books published by the University Press have recently won honors innational and mid-western competition.Owen Wister Out West: His Journalsand Letters, edited by Fanny KembleWister, is one of the 47 titles selectedby the Notable Books Council of theAdult Services Division of the AmericanLibrary Association. The Notable Bookslist is issued annually in March by theA.L.A. and covers all books — some10,000 — published in this country inthe preceding calendar year. The University of Chicago Press is the only university press among the 21 publishersrepresented on the current list.Four Chicago Press titles were amongthe 22 books issued by 11 mid-westernpublishers, which were selected as outstanding examples of book productionin the 1958 Mid-Western Books Competition. More than 100 books wereentered by a total of 26 presses andpublishers. Five of the winning presseswere those connected with universities,but the University of Chicago Press ledthe entire list of 26 in the number ofbooks selected.The honored Chicago books are: TheSister Arts: The Tradition of LiteraryPictorialism in English Poetry fromDryden to Gray, by Jean H. Hagstrum;Philosophy of Plotinus, by Emile Brehier, translated by Joseph Thomas;Petrarch at Vaucluse: Letters in Verseand Prose, translated by Ernest HatchWilkins; and The Physical Theory of Neutron Chain Reactors, by Alvin M.Weinberg and Eugene P. Wigner. Allfour books and jackets were designedrespectively by Greer Allen and Norman H. Wolfe of the Press' printingdepartment.An Aid in PerspectiveForeign students at the University arehelping emotionally ill patients at Billings learn more about how the rest ofthe world lives. The students, residentsof International House, are giving regular informal talks to patients whose illnesses vary from simple anxieties tosevere psychoses."The more familiar a patient is withthe rest of the world," according to Dr.Philip M. Margolis, chief of the inpatient psychiatric service at Billings,"the more comfortable he feels in relation to his own environment. With thetoleration that comes with understanding, the patient sees his own problemsin more realistic perspective."The talks are part of a regular treatment and plan, and like the regularvisits women patients pay to a beautyoperator in the ward, they involve thepatient's self-esteem. The one, Dr. Margolis said, "toward the beautification ofthe body, the other toward the satisfaction of intellectual curiosity. Patients, students, and hospitable workerslook forward to talks, both as an educational experience, and as a chance tomake friends with people from varyingbackgrounds and cultures."Since the talks began in December,1957, there have been speakers fromIndia, Japan, Hawaii, Pakistan, the Philippines, Indonesia, Jordan, Formosa,Israel, Malaya, Australia, Ghana, Germany, Belgium, Holland, Finland, Norway, British Guiana, Guatemala, Peru,Brazil, Bolivia, and South Africa. Somespeakers show up in native costumes,while others bring maps and slides toillustrate their talks. They are told thatthey may speak about any aspect of thecountry they think will be of interest—MAY, 1959 13McDonald Observatory in Texas (above) and Chicago's Yerkes Observatory. Chicago, which hashad a cooperative program in astronomy with theUniversity of Texas since 1932, now has a jointDepartment of Astronomy with that University.its culture, its social arrangements, itseconomy, its role in international affairs."Just treat this group as you would sucha gathering as a P.T.A. meeting," Dr.Margolis tells the students.Dr. Margolis claims the talks fulfillthree general objectives of the inpatients activities program: The diversion of disturbing impulses into sociallyacceptable channels; identification withthe group; and the approximation ofnormal, every-day experience. "For example," he said, "persons with destructive impulses sometimes channel themeffectively by watching boxing matches.But in this case the talks may serve thepurpose of handling these feelings bylively debate. Attending the talks in agroup helps diminish the patient's isolation, aloneness, or apartness. Finally,we think the therapeutic process shouldinclude doing things that patients ordinarily would do. If they go to lectureswhile they are at home, why not here?"One student, Miss Greet Sluiter, ofHolland, has spoken three times on herexperiences as a missionary among theMau-Mau in Kenya. She is now studying anthropology at the University. "Asa foreign student at the University, Iknow how difficult the whole problemof adjustment and adaptation can be.I wanted to help them but I was afraidI might say something that would bemisunderstood and lead to an unpleasant situation," she says in describingher reactions in talking to the group."Finally, I decided that there was noreason to dilute my talk; I always havesaid exactly what I thought and foundthis to be the best way of reachingthem." Co-op Program in AstronomyIn a unique arrangement between aprivate and a state-supported university,the University of Chicago and the University of Texas have established a jointdepartment of astronomy, which willserve both institutions. In addition, arrangements are being made at the University of Chile for construction of anobservatory in the Southern Hemisphere. The joint department originatedbecause Texas had McDonald Observatory, built and equipped from a bequestof the late W. J. McDonald, a Texasbanker, and Chicago had the facultybut needed a more adequate observatory. With the extension of the cooperative arrangements to the Southern Hemisphere, the entire sky will now beopen to investigation by the same teamof scientists.Professor Gerard P. Kuiper, chairman of the department of astronomy atChicago, will head the new joint department. Facilities for the new departmentwill include the 40-inch refracting telescope, the largest of its type in theworld, which is at Yerkes Observatoryon Lake Geneva in Williams Bay, Wisconsin. This observatory has served asthe headquarters of the Chicago department of astronomy.The McDonald telescope is the fourthlargest reflecting telescope in the world.It is located at Mt. Locke, in the DavisMountains in Texas, and will serve asthe research center for the expandedprogram, as, unlike the Williams Bayobservatory, the McDonald observatoryhas an annual average of 250 clearnights for viewing per year. A $300,000 expenditure by the University of Texasis scheduled for the observatory, including a dormitory boarding-house, anannex building to the dome of the 82-inch telescope, a garage, a visitor's gallery outside the big dome, and otherbuildings and grounds improvements.Also, Texas will make extensive additions to the auxiliary equipment of the20-year-old 82-inch telescope and therecently completed 36-inch companiontelescope at the observatory.Under consideration is a plan for installation at McDonald of an infraredand micro-wave facility, which will bethe most advanced thing of its kind.The initial construction would providea precision "dish," 10 feet in diameter.Later a unit of 30 feet, or more, maybe built. This facility would allowastronomers to "see" dead or dying starsthat are too faint for reflecting telescopes, and to observe the heat spectraof planets and the moon.Last week Mr. Kuiper returned fromChile, where he conducted a series ofconferences on the proposed installationthere, and made a number of aerialreconnaissance flights for possible sites.He said that "university officials andcivic leaders in Chile displayed an intense interest in developing the newobservatory."Mathematics GrantA. Adrian Albert, professor and chairman of the department of mathematics,has been awarded $30,000 for the support of his research in modern abstractalgebra. The funds, which were provided by the Esso Education Foundation, will also be used to support the14 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEwork of post-doctoral students.Mr. Albert is the author of four bookson mathematics, and is chairman of themathematics section of the NationalAcademy of Sciences, the nation's topscientific organization. Last month healso served as chairman of a symposiumon finite groups, held in New York, bythe American Mathematics Society andthe Institute for Defense Analyses.If You Find the Gondola . . .Mrs. Roscoe Huff or d of Lake Cicott,in Cass County, Indiana, unraveled adouble mystery that entangled a farmer,the county sheriff, U.S. Air Force officials and University of Chicago scientists. "It was just a matter of puttingtwo and two together," she said.An instrument laden gondola wascarried aloft from campus this Januaryby a balloon, dropped from a height of100,000 feet with an orange and whiteparachute breaking its fall. The package was plastic-covered, 40 pounds, and15x15x20 inches; it contained recordsof a government-sponsored experimentto gain information on cosmic rays.Physicist Keith B. Fenton, of theFermi Institute, said that the gondolawas originally expected to come down150 to 200 miles southeast of Chicago,but after two months it had not beenreported.The equipment was actually foundfive days after it had been sent aloft,by a farmer, Edmund Zimmerman, whodiscovered the package in a hay field onhis 100-acre farm, north of Logansport,Indiana. The package was broken andthe instructions normally attached to ithad disappeared. He notified the CassCounty sheriff, Lonnie Hall, of his find,and Hall took the equipment to theBunker Hill Air Force Base, 10 milessoutheast of Logansport. The Air Forcesent out notices searching for the ownerof the equipment, but without response.Meanwhile, scientists at the Chicagocampus were hoping that the equipmentwould be found, perhaps by a farmerdoing his spring plowing. On March 19,notices were distributed throughout thenation saying the cosmic ray equipmentwas missing and its data needed for agovernment research project-Mrs. Hufford said that when sheheard the appeal on the radio, March24, she connected the description of theequipment with the newspaper articlelast January on Zimmerman's find. Shealso recalled that Sheriff Hall had beenphotographed with parts of the packageas it was turned over to the Air Forceauthorities."I asked Roscoe — my husband — ifthat could be the same balloon the AirForce had, and he said I should justforget it," she said."But after Roscoe left the house in his truck, I just couldn't forget it and Iphoned Lonnie Hall and asked him ifthe package had been claimed yet," Mrs.Hufford said."No, it's still at Bunker Hill," he toldher.Mrs. Hufford said she then calledFenton at the University of Chicago.He came and verified the accuracy ofher hunch.Fenton paid Mrs. Hufford and Zimmerman $12.50 each as a reward.Mrs. Hufford said that "Roscoe andour five-year-old boy and I took themoney and went out to supper and hada good time."Zimmerman said, "I've still got themoney in my pocketbook. I'm saving it.That fellow Fenton said he would sendme down another balloon soon."Fenton took the equipment back tohis laboratories and began taking theinformation recorded on tapes duringthe balloon flight."So far," said Fenton, "the data seemvery good."The New Nationalism"Communist parties outside the Sovietorbit are on the decline, and a newnationalism is on the rise, which had notin any previous period found a firmfoothold in modern technically advanced democratic society, but only indictatorial or semi-dictatorial regimes."This was the observation of Dr. BrunoPittermann, Vice Chancellor of Austria,in his talk delivered on campus : "Political Tendencies in Europe."Dr. Pittermann, who is a member ofthe Socialist party in Austria said, "therising generation, even in the Communist party, is rather more Russian-oriented than Communist. Communism(in Russia) takes more and more theposition of a national economic doctrinethan that of an all-embracing outlook,determining every aspect of life."From his personal experiences as amember of the Austrian delegation tothe Soviet Union, Dr. Pittermann saidthat "every-day phenomena in the Sovieteconomy, especially in the big cities,bears strong resemblance to the NationalSocialist economic policy under Hitler.However, the unopened expanse of Russian space might not necessitate a policyof expansion at the cost of neighboringstates. Still, the about-face of the Communist idealism, and the strengthenedtrend toward nationalism, is undeniable."Speaking about Socialist parties, hestressed the difficulties that inhibitedtheir development during an earlier period of depression in most Europeancountries, but he said such Socialist parties as the Austrian, developed intostrong bulwarks against Communism and today constitute an essential featureof European democracy. With the Socialists, he said, the belief in democracyis unequivocal, as is the rejection ofCommunism.The Vice Chancellor pointed out thatthe decisive yardstick is the freedom ofthe individual and freedom of expression. He said, "It is only a strong andvital democracy that can stop Communism's advance in Europe, and serveas an example for the peoples behindthe Iron Curtain in their ceaseless struggle for freedom."March of Dimes ResearchWith a grant of $73,866, the NationalFoundation is for its thirteenth yearsupporting the research of a group ofUniversity of Chicago biochemistsworking on the problem of what happens after a virus invades a living cell.The scientists are led by Earl A.Evans, Jr., chairman of biochemistry.In working with viruses that attack bacteria, and are called bacteriophages, theyhave so far learned three things:•A healthy cell is a complex andwell-ordered chemical "factory" formaintaining its growth and functions. In its nucleus is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which acts as"executive director" of the factory.•Viral attack, they found, beginswhen the bacteriophage attachesits tail to the wall of the bacterium.The tail unravels and releases anenzyme that eats a hole in the walland triggers the tail to squeeze up,injecting a shot of viral DNA.•The last step is the "production"stage; the cell goes into productionof more viruses. For some twentyminutes, as long as the cell supplyof raw materials lasts, the virusesare produced. Then, dead, the cellis abandoned by the new viruses.What Evans and his co-workers arenow looking for is the missing step afterthe invasion and before the productionof viruses begins. They know that viralDNA overpowers cellular DNA. Theywant to know how. They also want toknow how the cell's chemical processesare shifted to virus production.Also working on the project are associate professor Lloyd M. Kozloff, assistant professor Ray Koppelman, research associates Roy P. Mackal andFranz Meyer.Originally the National Foundationfor Infantile Paralysis, under its newabbreviated name of National Foundation, the organization has expanded itsprogram to include viruses in general,disorders of the central nervous system,arthritis and birth defects. Its funds areMAY, 1959 15largely obtained from the annual Marchof Dimes campaign.A Procession of AuthorsFour successful young Americanauthors have come to campus duringrecent months, to lead classroom discussions on writing of fiction and poetry,and to give public readings of theirworks. In February, Flannery O'Connor met with two sessions of a writingcourse given by Richard G. Stern, assistant professor of English. Miss O'Connoralso gave a public reading of her worksin Mandel Hall. During the week sheresided in the New Women's ResidenceHall, and was available for consultationwith students. Miss O'Connor, whosehome is in Milledgeville, Georgia, isauthor of A Good Man is Hard to Find,a collection of short stories, and a novelWise Blood.In March, Bernard Melamud metwith Mr. Stern's class, and presented areading of some of his short stories inBreasted Hall. His Book, The MagicBarrel, received the National BopkAward this year. He is also author of anovel on baseball, The Natural, and another novel, The Assistant. He is on thefaculty of Oregon State College.Another March lecturer was KingsleyAmis, who speaking rather in the manner of his novel, Lucky Jim, explodedsome of the myths about Britian's"angry young men." His works includetwo volumes of poems, A Frame ofMind and The Case of Samples, andthree novels, Lucky Jim, That UncertainFeeling, and / Like it Here.Finally, one of the features of thisApril's Festival of the Arts was a lectureand discussion by Saul Bellow, authorof The Adventures of Augie March andthe recently published novel, Henderson, The Rain King. For a review ofthe latter, see "Books by Faculty andAlumni" in this issue of the Magazine.B. F. Goodrich GrantUnrestricted grants of $10,000 eachhave been made to Harvard, Yale,Princeton, Cornell and the Universityof Chicago by the B. F. Goodrich Company. According to the president of theCompany, J. W. Keener; "These universities were selected because they areamong the most productive privately-financed institutions in training talentedgraduate students for university teaching, careers, and for research and theprofessions."This selective giving is part of theB. F. Goodrich Company's continuingprogram of aid to higher education, aprogram that includes student scholarships, employee tuition-sharing withmatching gifts to the institutions training employees, dollar for dollar matching of employee gifts to colleges and universities and research grants." Colleges and universities throughout thenation received more than $120,000 in1958 under the B. F. Goodrich program, according to Mr. Keener.Research in Cloud PhysicsAn article in the last issue of theMagazine reported the opinion of thechairman of the department of meteorology, Horace R. Byers, that efforts atrain-making have been attempted toosoon, and basic research is still neededto discover the principles involved. TwoNational Science Foundation grants,totaling $498,000 will make possiblesome of that necessary research.A three-year grant of $383,700 wasgiven to Professor Byers and a $114,300grant was given to Mr. Byers and Roscoe R. Braham, associate professor inmeteorology, for a one-year study of thephysical effects of silver iodide seedingof clouds over the Great Plains. Bothprojects will be done by the departmentof meteorology's Cloud Physics Laboratory, of which Byers is director, andBraham is associate director.The Great Plains field work, conducted under the grant, will study thephysical changes in seeded clouds.Puffy clouds formed over the Plainswill be seeded at random with microscopic silver iodide crystals from airplanes. Changes in the seeded clouds,as recorded by radar, large cameras andsuch everyday weather gages as pressure, temperature, and wind meters, willbe matched against unseeded clouds. Inaddition, airplanes flying through bothseeded and unseeded clouds, will takesamples on oily glass slides of theclouds' water droplets for later study.Research on campus under the three-year grant to Mr. Byers will use radioactive tritium in an effort to trace thewater circulation patterns of the atmosphere. The tritium, which is "heavy-heavy hydrogen," is in the atmosphereas a result of hydrogen bomb explosions. It will also seek to classify particles that both polute the air and serveas nuclei, around which raindrops form;and to evaluate the action of silveriodide crystals by electron microscopetechniques. Recent experiments haveshown that the silver in the silver iodideforms a characteristic snail-like chainin the center of snow crystals.The research will look for factorsthat may affect the freezing of supercooled droplets of water, such as impurities in the water, or the size of thedroplet. It is known, for example, thatthe smaller the drop, the lower thefreezing point. And finally, the projectwill search for the relation betweenelectrical charges inside a cloud and theformation of rain. With reprint credits givenquarterly Phoenix, we here"Sir Henry," a regular fedKent Flannery, a student inton, Maryland. Site of foand the squash courts wherepile was built, the stands medemolished as structurallyuSiK/ail of you HrweOP THE GZERT MOUNTAINCLIMBER, Sift EOMVN0HILARITY. 8UT HOW/WWiyOF VOU KNOW THAT H£WAS A 0- OP CHICAGOeRADUATE, WD H<56R.EATSST a 'MB WASR16HT HERE ON a/HPUS"HE Z-AST UNC0(\#t£R£DYsui3£-WE'K£ R(6HPINNACLB IN THEUUESTEfcN 4EM/SPH£ft£.rJ OV£ft TH£ LOWTEMPSRcWRt LAmSTORIES*16 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEHBX>J0NHY! WHAT TIME DOESYtff* THE FOOTBALL. Bfim,OFTHI SECOND HALF /COURSE.' I JUST WZfcD OPPSS5^3ON AUG. 22,1358jMM DESTflOYEDHERE THE SCENEOS WHAT MAY BEHIS LAST £EALACHIEVEMENT,SHOULD THEPRESENT TRENDCONTINUE.17Report on CancerBY DR. LOWELL T. COGGESHALL Dr. Coggeshall, who is dean of the Division ofBiological Sciences and president of the University of Chicago Cancer ResearchFoundation, has recently completed a term as president of the American CancerSociety, and this article is excerpted from the presidential address he gave beforethe society. A major concern of his is promoting greater understanding of thecancer problem — and the nature, scope and progress of cancer research.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEThe ProblemThe problem of malignant growth has been with mankindas far back as human knowledge can reach.The earliest records of medicine describe cancer and itsinevitable results. But, in turning the pages of cancer history, one may as well skip over the last two thousand years.It has been said that cancer is a disease of civilization, butthis is probably not so. It is only that civilized people, asthey continue to make this world a better place in whichto live, are better able to take the measure of this terriblemalady. The tempo of science and medicine has increasedphenomenally in the last two or three decades. With theextension of life-expectancy and the control of infectiousdiseases, the magnitude of the cancer problem has increased. To look at it in its proper perspective, the wonderis not that 255,000 Americans die of cancer every year; itis, instead, remarkable that several times this number donot fall before cancer. The fact is that there are a greatmany more people alive today who get cancer. There areliterally millions more people in the age bracket whichcancer strikes most heavily. And yet we can say proudlythat strides have been made to cut down this death rate.For the past decade there has been a small but encouragingreduction in the death rate from cancer among women.Were it not for one single site, cancer of the lung, whichwill take the lives of 30,000 men this year, the cancer deathrate of the American male also would be declining. Howhas this come about?Surely no one as yet has found cancer's magic bullet.Instead the principal weapons we have today are those thatexisted twenty years ago. These, of course, are the scalpelof the surgeon and the penetrating rays of radiation. Butwhat has changed are the skills in the operating room andthe technical ability to apply stronger forces of radiation tothe destruction of the cancer cell. These results are products of research — in most instances applied clinical research. But these skills would have been of no avail andare still of little avail when cancer is detected too late. The33 per cent improvement in cure rates from cancer whichhas ensued over the past few years would not exist had itnot been for a tremendous educational effort — the greattask of telling more and more people about the facts ofcancer.An Awareness of CancerI know nothing more difficult on this earth than the taskof trying to tell people what is good for them. Most Americans have a peculiar built-in resistance to advice. But nowwe have begun to study some of the psychological aspectsof cancer education and eventually will be able to bring tobear on the public consciousness all the motivational factors that are desirable in a republic of free people.It is utterly impossible to tell just what percentage ofthe effect in saving lives from cancer is due to this educational effort. But no one can dispute the fact that, withoutit, the cure rate would not today be one-third of all thosewho get cancer.It seems obvious that the public education program cansucceed only to the extent that proper facilities for detectionand diagnosis exist. Largely, this depends upon a medicalprofession which also has an "awareness" of cancer. Oneof the goals of a professional education campaign is theestablishment of a cancer consciousness, if you will, amongphysicians. This is a difficult task. The average practicingphysician usually sees only two or three cancer cases a year. We would like him to be so conscious of cancer thatits earliest symptoms will not elude him. But to have athis fingertips the vast and continuous outpourings of clinicalresearch on cancer detection would require him to do littleelse but read. Throughout the world something like twentythousand technical reports a day are being written. A largeshare of these deals with cancer. Somewhere along thisgiant stream there has to be a refining plant, culling out theknowledge physicians need.Professional and public education programs are oftenclosely geared, as in the campaign against quackery. Unfortunately, quackery in the United States is a billion-dollarindustry. Indications are that these mendicants of griefhave banded together for mutual protection. In Californiaan attempt to put teeth in a state law to control local quackswas defeated by tremendous pressure obviously financedby a witch doctor's slush fund. The continued prosperingof these peddlers of worthless nostrums is a national shame.They rob the suffering, pick the pockets of the medicallyindigent, and divert these people from traditional treatmentthat would give some of them a chance to live and bringat least alleviation of pain to the others. There must be nolessening of our efforts until every last one of these exploiters of the sick is put out of business.Research Dollars and Common SenseThere are some who believe that cancer research, particularly fundamental research, is going forward as fast asit can. But there are others, including myself, who believethat the tempo of research has not reached its maximum.Some people ask in good conscience, "Isn't there a limit tothe funds that could be spent fruitfully on cancer research?"Of course there is a limit, but we have not nearly reached it.Recently a committee upon which I had the pleasure ofserving reported to the Secretary of Health, Education, andWelfare about the future needs of scientific research of thisnation. For those interested in cancer control the reportwas particularly significant. It said that the share of research to be accounted for by private agencies will bedetermined by two things: (1) economic capacity and (2)public attitudes and values. The report goes on to say:"Americans have always banded together voluntarily toaccomplish certain commonly valued objectives. It is assumed that voluntary support of medical research willcontinue to expand."The committee found that the total national support formedical research has increased rapidly. In the past decadeit rose from $88 million per year to a minimum of $330million per year in 1957. The lions share of this increase,percentage-wise, comes from the government. The federalshare rose from 7 per cent in 1940 to 54 per cent in 1957.Meanwhile, philanthropic support of medical research increased from $12 million in 1941 to more than $35 millionlast year. But percentage-wise, compared with the government, this has dropped far behind. Originally, this sourceaccounted for 27 per cent of the funds; now it amounts toonly 10 per cent. The committee found that this continuedgrowth of research at its present rate would bring thenational medical research investment for a single year upto $1 billion by 1970. Of course cancer's share of thisis immense. And it means that the amount of money givenby the public to fight cancer must be tripled. The reportalso projects manpower needs — for doctors, technicians,and research workers. This force will have to be morethan doubled by 1970.The groundswell against cancer is rising in many lands.MAY, 1959 19I might say that America made an impressive image on theworld with its cooperative effort of government and voluntary agencies fighting cancer. It upheld the best traditionsof democracy and gave support to the assertion that moreis being done in the United States to eradicate this diseasethan anywhere else on earth.The nations of the world are not unaware of PresidentEisenhower's appeal to the Soviets to join us in this endeavor. As these scientists from all corners of the globegathered to exchange ideas, it was evident that science isan international tongue. Even those from beyond the ironcurtain were sincere in their intent to learn what otherscould tell them about cancer.The Cancer Research Picture TodayWe have heard a lot during the past year about being onthe verge of a major breakthrough. I cannot tell you thatthis is so, but neither can I dispute it. No, I do not thinkthe fortress that will protect humanity against cancer is yetcomplete, but I do think that many of the bricks and mortarwhich will go into its construction have been built and thatthe blueprint for the final structure is beginning to evolve.VirusesFairly recently, cancer research seems to have been divided broadly into four directions. The first of these iscancer's cause or causes. A tremendous interest is beingfocused upon the belief that viruses may be linked to thecause of many cancers. There is good evidence for thisbelief. At least seventeen different tumors in nine speciesof animals are known to be caused by viruses. In humansthe proof is still lacking, but there is good circumstantialevidence. Filtrates of cancer tissue have been preparedthat induce mammary cancer and certain gland tumors in20 mice. A degenerate form of bronchial cell called CCP hasbeen found in the sputum of patients suffering from acuteviral respiratory infections and of patients with lung cancer.The development of lung cancer in patients who showedthe CCP cell was about twice as high as that in the totalgroup examined. Much attention continued to be given tosmoking as a cause of lung cancer. Aside from the statistical findings, laboratory experiments showed that tars fromcigarette tobacco cause cancer in mice, rats, rabbits, andhamsters. Both lung cancer and skin cancer have been produced, and a number of substances known to be carcinogenic, or cancer-producing, have been identified in tobacco-smoke condensates. A study of the bronchial tissue obtained at autopsy from smokers and non-smokers has shownchanges in cellular structures. These changes occur leastfrequently in the group that never smoked and were mostmarked among the heavy cigarette smokers.There is now some evidence that heat may play an important role in producing the carcinogenic substance fromcigarettes. Extracts of tobacco tars prepared at differentburning temperatures were most potent at high temperatures. Only compounds produced at temperatures of over800° centigrade would produce tumors in mice.Immune ReactionThe second avenue of investigation is the immune reaction. The goal is to produce antibodies to fight off canceror a vaccine to prevent it. The whole theory rests with thepossibility of discovering identifiable, qualitative differencesin the cancer cell. Evidence increased in the past year thatthese differences do exist. Recently, a substance was foundwhich is peculiar to most types of cancer and occurs inonly one normal tissue, the spleen, and there only in minutequantities. This is still a long step from strengthening thebody's defense force to defeat cancer. But such a development may well come. Studies of spontaneous tumor regression indicate that the human organism is capable of subduing a tumor. Such a wide variety of tumors were foundwhich regressed spontaneously that it is believed the rejection mechanism is systemic rather than the product of asingle organ or peculiar to a single site.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEEndocrine SystemThe third area of interest which is attracting some of thebest scientific minds in the country is the relationshipamong the endocrine system, the cause of cancer, and itscontrol. Over the years, much has been learned about therole of hormones and cancer. This information has movedon into the clinical field. In cancers of the reproductiveorgans, the sex hormones have been used to control thedisease for long periods. And in some instances what appeared to be complete regression has occurred. Continuedheavy dosages in test animals will produce cancer, of course.Nov it has been shown that the administration of a knowncarcinogen, namely, methylcholanthrene administered withhormones, greatly heightens the effect and shortens thetime necessary to produce cancer.Surgical procedures of removing the adrenals or thepituitary gland have in a majority of cases produced beneficial results. In one group of over two hundred womenwith breast cancer, remissions were obtained in half thecases, and these endured, on the average, for one year.In studies of prostate cancer, it was found that the disease occurred most frequently at a period in life when theproduction of sex hormones had been dramatically reduced.The paradox of endocrine influence — the same hormoneswt h appear related to cancer's cause will also slow thecoui.se of the disease — continues to plague endocrinologists.But this riddle has meaning. It long has been known thatmost carcinogens also tend to check the growth of carcinomas. The radiation that starts cancer will heal it. Thepowerful compounds which induce cancer, strangelyenough, will slow or halt the course of the disease. Someday, perhaps before long, science will understand why.ChemotherapyFinally, a few words about a fourth avenue of interest —chemotherapy. In the last twelve months about $30 millionhave been spent to find or develop compounds which mightcoi diol the cancer cell. Out of the thousands and thousands of drugs tested annually, about a score prove interesting enough for further investigation. Although chemicalsare being used experimentally on many kinds of cancer,the prime target is leukemia. This lethal cancer of theblood, unlike the solid tumors, cannot be removed by thescalpel or controlled by radiation. Leukemia must, of necessity, eventually yield to some form of chemical control.Some half-dozen compounds have been used in treatingSurgery, radiation and chemotherapy: three weaponsagainst cancer. Above left: the amphitheater, largest ofthe Clinic's operating rooms. Below: a patient receivesradiation therapy from radioactive cobalt at ArgonneCancer Research Hospital, and at right: the chemicalsynthesis laboratory in the department of pharmacology.MAY, 1959 leukemia. Where previously remissions of up to severalmonths have been possible, now combinations of compounds are yielding better results. In one group of patients, 36 per cent have shown good intermittent remissionsfor more than one year.I think that you can see even from this brief report thevast potential that lies ahead for research.Need for YouthFinally, if I might make one last plea, it is for youth.This nation is rich in talent as well as resources. Let usrecruit them. If this problem is to be solved soon, it needsthe energy, the initiative, the vigor of youth; it needs theimagination of young, gifted scientists; it needs the talentsof our new, promising medical men. It needs the vision ofyoung people everywhere. It needs the stuff that youth ismade of as well as the wisdom of the old. Now, as westart another year in the crusade against cancer, no mancan be sure as to what promise lies ahead.But one thing we can be sure of: at the end of anothertwelve months each one of us may well ponder the question: "What single act of mine has contributed to thesaving of a life from cancer?"21HOWDOES YOURGARDENGROW?Joining the Midwest Garden Clubs,the salesmen of lawn statuary, florists and landscapers, were theUniversity and Argonne NationalLaboratories, when they put up abooth atthe Chicago World FlowerShow this spring. Above Dr. PaulD. Voth (left) and Dr. Norbert J.Scully (right) answer questions ontheir display of effects of gibberel-lins on geraniums, a radioactivegreenhouse, and the distributionof phosphorus in tomato plants. 1\| EW USES NOW BEING made ofatomic energy in the greenhousesat the University and at Argonne National Laboratories are giving new answers to the question, "How does yourgarden grow?" The studies range froma comparison of the components ofchlorophyll with those in hemoglobinand other blood products, to a scientificdetermination of the proper time to harvest tomatoes. The tools of this research include geiger counters, radioactive greenhouses, ordinary photographicfilm, and a chemical synthesis laboratoryin the department of pharmacology.The scientists have found that seedplants are generally more resistant toradiation than higher animals. While afatal dose of radiation to a mammal maybe 400-500 roentgens, certain higherplants can withstand more than 1,000roentgens. Plants made radioactive become storehouses of information onbio-synthesis, metabolism, uptake anddistribution of various complex compounds. Further application of this information to other plant and animaltissues increases basic knowledge in allbiological fields.When introduced into a plant, radioisotopes emit tell-tale flashes of radioactivity and scientists can follow theircomplex movements through the systemby means of sensitive detecting devices.As little as one part in one billion canbe detected by the use of radioactivity.A part of the display at the FlowerShow demonstrated how the presenceor absence of phosphorus affects thegrowth of tomato plants. Plants withlittle or no phosphorus were markedlysmaller. A clicking geiger counter monitored "hot" tomato plants which contained radioactive phosphorus in theirtissues; only the clicks revealed it to bedifferent from its neighbor which hadbeen grown on normal phosphorus.Such a radioactive plant when laid ona film strip takes its own picture, revealing the distribution of the tracer elementin the plant system.The workhorse radioisotope is radiocarbon, or carbon 14. In its normalform, carbon makes up a large part ofevery living organism.Plant materials used by farmers toenrich the soil have been labelled or"tagged" with C-14. They are availableto scientists for studying the rate atwhich such materials are incorporatedin the plants and maintained in the soil.In one study C-14 was used to checkthe rate at which carbon compoundsmove from tomato plant leaves into thefruit. When the maximum amount oforganic constituents have reached thefruit it could be harvested. The studyrevealed that the green-wrap harvestingpracticed in the southwest is premature,for tomatoes are not actually matureTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEuntil they have just begun to show color.A similar C-14 tracer study measuredthe rate of formation of mint oils in themint plant. It also determined the orderin which individual components of theoil are formed by the plant and the rateat which the plant lost its oils. Thisinformation established the proper harvest time.A model of a miniature "atomic green-h, use" was also on display at the FlowerSii> w. It is a completely sealed unit forgrowing plants in a controlled environment of radioactive or non-radioactiveatmosphere. The plants are usuallygrown in a nutrient solution, rather thansoil; instead of normal atmosphere, theycan be made to "breathe" in a numberof radioactive forms of elements whichare natural constituents of plants. Theycan also be made to take up tracer formsof water and carbon dioxide. A supplyof water flows continuously over theglass sides to maintain constant tempi atures within the chambers.These greenhouses provide the meansto isolate plant compounds, grow tracerforms of drugs produced from plants,and study the effects of radioactivity onplant tissues.Tracer forms have been made of manyplant compounds including digitoxin, adrug from the foxglove plant used totreat heart disorders; reserpine, a tranquilizer drug from the Rauwolfia plant;dextran, a synthetic blood plasma froma vegetative bacteria; and ergotamineand ergonovine, which are muscle-co: racting drugs from ergot, an outgrowth of tissue developed on rye plantsinfected by a fungus. Another researchtool is heavy water, a substance containing deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen that is twice as heavy as ordinaryhydrogen.Green algae are being grown in heavywater in controlled growth rooms at theArgonne greenhouse. Heavy water replaces light water, with heavy hydrogenreplacing hydrogen in plant systems.This has the effect of slowing down lifeprocesses. The study of such effectsm y add in obtaining a better understanding of certain chemical processesassociated with growth.The green algae are a source of complex organic compounds in which almost all of the hydrogen atoms areheavy hydrogen. When these compounds are isolated, it will be possibleto test for more specific effects of heavyhydrogen on plants and animals. Theresult will be more information concerning metabolism, and perhaps, compounds of therapeutic value.V second — and still heavier — radio-a<- ve isotope of hydrogen is tritium.tracer studies with tritium can, forexample, determine whether harmfulsubstances such as the antibiotics given to animals or the insecticides sprayedon plants are getting into food or drinkconsumed by humans. Extremely smallamounts of the dangerous materialswould be detected by tritium labeling.Tritium is valuable as a "tracer" because relatively large amounts can safelybe introduced into the compounds necessary for research. The soft beta rays(low energy electrons) emitted as tritium disintegrates are not very damaging to living tissue. In fact, the betarays travel no farther than the span ofan individual cell.There also is an economic advantagein using tritium. It is the least expensiveof the radioisotopes. Amounts necessary for detection cost less than a millionth of a cent. And the cost of "tagging" compounds with tritium also islow.Researchers at Argonne have developed a rapid new technique for labelingcompounds with tritium. In this method,the desired compound is exposed totritium which is in the form of gas.Passing an electrical discharge from aspark coil through the mixture will accomplish the labeling in minutes. Smallamounts of tritium are enough to do the"tagging." This technique can thus beused in many laboratories that are notequipped to handle large amounts oftritium.A naturally occurring plant growthhormone — gibberellic acid — is also under investigation. The acid is commercially available, and, as some gardenerswho tried it last year can report, it's atouchy thing to work with.It is one of several compounds calledgibberellins that were originally discovered in Japan. The acid has a numberof effects on plants: it can make thestems grow longer; increase the lengthand area of leaves; increase fruit yield;and act as a substitute for light or temperature in some germination and flowering processes. It comes to scientistsin the form of a fine white powder whichis usually dissolved in alcohol and applied to plants in spray or droplets.The quantity of the acid needed toinduce changes in plants may be as littleas one billionth of a gram. Since animals supplied the substance in theirdiets have not shown toxic responses, itis likely that the treated plants wouldnot be dangerous to human health, particularly in view of the small quantityof the acid required for plant growthpromotion.It is one of the few natural growthregulators that has been discovered inplants. Because it can produce such avariety of responses, it is expected to aidscientists in obtaining a better understanding of the hormonal mechanismsthat control growth patterns in higherplants.MAY, 1959TOO MANYPEOPLE?By Philip M. HauserProfessor & Chairman,Department of SociologyThis crowd in Calcutta represents a problem notonly to India where teeming millions strugglejust to stay alive, but to whole world.Here a member of the June reunion seminaron population — and the former Americanrepresentative on the UN PopulationCommission — gives a preview of the problem.24 ABOUT 2.8 BILLION PERSONS inhabit the earth. Another 47,000,000 are being added annually. The world'spopulation may increase to 4 billion by 1980. In thesenumbers lie explosive forces threatening mankind.Rapid population growth constitutes a threat to man intwo ways: (1) There is the long-run threat of world overpopulation widely publicized by Thomas R. Malthus andthe furious controversies about his theories. (2) There ismore immediate threat of aggravating the cold war.The danger of world overpopulation has been a specterhaunting mankind ever since Malthus published his gloomytheories about 150 years ago. It is not an unfoundedspecter. The increase in rates of world population growthhas been so startling as to be dubbed the "demographicrevolution" or the "population explosion" by demographers(that is, population scientists).About 10,000 years ago, in the Neolithic Age, the population of the globe was, it is estimated, approximately 10,-000,000 persons. By the beginning of the Christian era,there were about 250,000,000 souls. At the beginning ofthe modern era, in 1650, world population totaled about500,000,000. Three centuries later, by 1950, the population had multiplied about fivefold. The world's humaninhabitants had reached a total of about 2Vi billion.Furthermore, the rate of population increase has beengrowing throughout the modern era and is still growing.Between 1900 and 1940, population increased at somewhat less than 1 per cent per year, averaging an additionof about 17,500,000 persons per year. During the wardecade, 1940 to 1950, despite heavy military and civiliancasualties, the population of the world continued to growat almost 1 per cent per year and, with a larger populationbase, averaged an annual increase of about 23,000,000persons.Between 1950 and 1955, with the postwar marriage andbaby boom under way in some parts of the world, includingthe United States, population increased by 1.7 per cent peryear, or by an annual addition of some 43,000,000 persons.At the present time, this percentage increase is being maintained and the annual increase is at a level of about 47,-000,000 persons. The present rate of population growth,on the ever-larger base, would produce a world populationof about 4 billion by 1980; of about 6 billion by 1999.Estimates of the "carrying capacity" of the world bycompetent scholars range from 5 billion to 50 billion. Mostof the responsible estimates, however, are closer to thelower number.Even under the most extreme assumptions about themaximum population carrying capacity of the earth, it isclear that present rates of population growth would, if main-THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEtained, press upon the upper limits which the earth cansustain. It would reach these limits in a relatively shortperiod, perhaps within a century.THE DANGER TO MANKIND OF an overpopulatedworld is a potential danger, one for the future — althoughnot too distant future. Much more immediate is the dangerof rapid population growth in the less developed areas ofthe world which are just beginning their potential explosivepopulation increase. The danger is to be found in the impactof the following three aspects of the contemporary worldscene:First, rapid population increase threatens to obstructthe efforts of the less developed areas to raise their levels ofliving.Second, wide differences in international levels of livingare being exploited by the Communist world in the cold war.Third, failure to achieve higher standards of living maydrive the less developed areas, now uncommitted, to eitherthe free or the Communist world in the cold war.The first of these factors may be easily understoodthrough a simple relationship. To achieve an increase inthe level of living the aggregate product of goods andservices must increase more rapidly than population. If10 per cent increase is achieved in national product whilethe population also increases by 10 per cent, the level ofliving does not increase but remains the same. Thisrelationship has recently been recognized by the government of India, which has allotted funds in her second Five-Year Plan, for the limitation of population growth as oneelement of her efforts to raise the level of living.Other countries also are beginning to recognize the relation of population growth to economic development andlevels of living. Japan and Egypt are among the nationswhich have taken steps to control their population growth.Communist China, visibly concerned about the hugepopulation reported in its census in 1953, also took stepsto control its rate of population growth. This was a particularly significant development because it marked a breakwith Marxist and Russian Communist doctrine, whichdenies the possibility of overpopulation. China, after somedifficulty in selling her population on the available meansto control fertility, has modified her program, but remainsaware of the threat of uncontrolled population growth toher efforts to raise levels of living.Rapid population growth is a menace to man's futurebecause of wide differences in international levels of living.The great disparity in the living standards of the "have"and the "have-not" nations of the world reflects the difference between the distribution of the world's population andthe world's utilized resources.The differences in living standards are enormous and theevidence indicates that they are increasing rather than decreasing. North America, with about 9 per cent of theworld's population, enjoys 44 per cent of the world's totalincome. Asia, with 53 per cent of the world's population,lives on less than 1 1 per cent of the world's income.The huge differences in levels of living are, in the presentworld situation, being skillfully exploited by Communists.The mass peasant populations of the less developed areasof the world are being told by Red propagandists that theirpoverty and misery are the product of capitalist, imperialist and colonial machinations. The world's poor, say theReds, have been suppressed and exploited. Furthermore,the poor are told, the Communist way of life and Communist methods are a better, more efficient and successful wayof achieving higher living standards. But they are not toldthat Stalin's collective farm program in the U.S.S.R., asone device for achieving the better life, cost, among otherthings, the lives of some 15,000,000 Soviet peasants! The underdeveloped areas are told by the Communistworld that what is needed is primarily a more equitabledistribution of the world's product. But the fact is thatworld poverty results more from deficient aggregate worldproduct than from inequities in its distribution. This isreadily documented by the answer to the question "Howmany persons could have been supported at the NorthAmerican level of living in 1950, with the 1950 aggregateworld product of goods and services?" The answer, subjectto error, of course, but adequate for the general conclusionto be drawn, has been estimated at about 900,000,000 persons, in contrast with the actual world population of 2.5billion. A sharing of the world product, in 1950, wouldhave raised the average level of living of the world somewhat, but at the expense of about four-fifths reduction ofthe North American level of living! The problem of worldpoverty is a problem of productivity rather than of distribution.THESE CONSIDERATIONS TAKE ON AN added meaning in the light of population arithmetic of the contemporary world political scene.At present, the world's population is about evenly distributed among three major political groupings: the freeworld, the Communist world and the uncommitted world,made up largely of the less developed areas.Each of these blocks contains about 900,000,000 persons.The uncommitted or neutral peoples of the world aremainly concentrated in South and Southeast Asia, a strategic area in world politics, where Washington and Moscowexert special efforts in technical assistance, trade, militaryorganization, and propaganda — to win the allegiance of thearea or to keep the Asians out of the opponent's camp.The 900,000,000 peoples in the uncommitted, neutral,less developed areas of the world seek a better life, and thegovernments of South and Southeast Asia want to provideit. But the pressure of population, among other factors, iskeeping the area in the "have-not" category.THE POPULATION EXPLOSION WHICH potentiallymay constitute a greater threat to mankind than the hydrogen bomb is, like the hydrogen bomb, man-made.The population explosion is largely an unintended andunanticipated by-product of developments which constitutemodern civilization. The population explosion is the resultof death control. It is the result of great decreases in thedeath rates while birth rates remain at high levels.The solution to the problems posed by death control is asimple one. Natural population equilibrium can be restoredeither by return to high death rates or by birth control.Western nations have in large measure supplemented deathcontrol with birth control.The crucial problem which remains is the achievementby these less developed areas of the world of some meansto control their rates of population growth. Should theseareas join the more economically advanced areas of theworld in the restoration of population equilibrium throughachieving low birth rates as well as low death rates, thedangers discussed above would disappear.The restoration of equilibrium between the birth rate andthe death rate, would, with one stroke, remove both thelong-run specter of world overpopulation and the more immediate threat of increased world tension, political instability, and conflict posed by the 900,000,000 restless peopleof South and Southeast Asia.The above article was revised by Mr. Hauser from an articleby him in the Chicago SUN-TIMES of November 17, 1957.MAY, 1959 25(Letters1 have read with great pleasure yourarticle "A Meet in Russia" in the March1959 University of Chicago Magazine. Because of my interest in private international law, I am very glad to see reportssuch as yours which point out the similarities between Russians and Americansas human beings while not avoiding thepolitical differences that exist.Congratulations on an excellent articlewhich is in line with your abilities.Antonio R. SarabiaBaker, McKenzie & HightowerChicagoYour recent radio discussion of ThorsteinVeblen (March 1959, page 4) strikes thisone of his old students as so inept and wideof the mark that I cannot refrain fjromspeaking out. For you see, I knew him andwas pupil in his class in the University ofChicago thru one or two quarters of theacademic year 1899-1900. I had read hisTheory of the Leisure Class before makinghis personal acquaintance, and the ideathat it is baffling or hard to understandis singularly off the beam. Veblen did wrapup all his writings in a pedantic, highlygrecianized diction — grecianized even morethan latinized — which may have been anaffectation designed, as Pooh Bah mighthave said, to lend an artistic air of ultra-recondite erudition to an otherwise baldlyobvious effusion of satiric sociological commentary. I don't remember that, he talkedthat way in class. The book is of coursea cynical-sounding satire on the psychologic foundations of the social order; butsurely its argument is crystal clear, if youunderstand its vocabulary, and I wouldhot impugn T.V. Smith's competence to dothat even as a junior scholar. It was something of a best-seller when it first cameout. I took Veblen down-town one eveningto a single-tax gathering and introducedhim to Louis F. Post, editor and proprietorof a little single-tax magazine he publishedin Chicago and called "The Public." Postgreeted Veblen hilariously as author of"the best joke-book of this generation:"in reply to which Veblen drawled withdead-pan face and voice, that he was "gladif my slight effort has contributed to the-gaiety of the nation."Veblen personally was a deeper mysterythan his writings were. In class he sat at thehead of a table along which we rangedourselves; he laid his watch on the tablein front of him, and talked for fifty minutes without notes and without cadence oremphasis, in a slow, colorless monotone;then took up his watch, rose and left theroom. He remarked to us one day that hehad a "passion for useless and obscurelearning," and a good part of his discoursedealt with the mores of Indian tribes in Alaska and Melanesians in the South Seas;yet it must also have been Veblen I thinkwho introduced me to such modern economists as Thorold Rogers and John A.Hobson. He would have been deadly dullto a student indifferent to his subject matter; but he stimulated my youthful mindas very few others of all my instructors,did — undergraduate, postgraduate and professional. In the Chicago of my undergraduate days he lives enshrined withFrederick Starr (Anthropology), S. H.Clark (Speech and Oral Reading), ErnstFreund (Introduction to Law: He madeBlackstone read like a novel), Rollo Salisbury (Physiography) and a young Psychology instructor named- Angell, whowent on later to become I believe Presidentof Yale — and oh yes, Harry Pratt Judson(Politics), somewhat like Veblen in classroom manner, but his polar opposite otherwise.One of your radio discussants calls him"a fired professor:" not from Chicago Ithink, tho a junior member of our economics faculty confided to me that he wasan "outlaw" to the chairman of the department, the rigidly orthodox J. LawrenceLaughlin, and totally anathema to ourclassicist-in-chief, Paul Shorey. . . .Veblen's courses were push-overs: Herarely invoked discussion or inquiry, andas the quarter's end approached he saidone day — "The ritual of university lifeexpects me to examine you at length, andgrade your response. However, I see noneed for inflicting that burden upon you,or myself. If I have your permission, Iwill just file a grade of C for each of you,and let it go at that." — In the class weretwelve of us, as I remember it. And weall at once assured him that would beentirely acceptable.Any others of the oldest old-timersaround the Chicago campus or amongstyour readers who might care to rush toThorstein's defence?Fraternally yours,G. W. C. Ross, '00, '01The College of St. ThomasFar Eastern StudiesSt. Paul, MinnesotaI have heard disk jockeys with theirinane chatter and singing commercialswith their silly rhymes that were muchless objectionable to me than the materialthat appeared in the article "Impetus" inthe March Magazine. Patronizing andself-conscious, it certainly provides an impetus to reading. No one could tell fromthose comments what Veblen or anyoneelse has to say.There is no need for me to add my voiceto those that bemoan the way radio hasfallen short of its potential. I do protest,however, against University professors(may William Rainey Harper forgivethem) adding their voices to the wisecracking persiflage that goes out over theair. Let them discuss literature in a literaryway, if they can, and not create the impression that they are selling filter tipcigarettes.Lawrence MacGregorChatham, New Jersey JLet Mr. Abrams and his ESP friends putwhat special connotation on it they willthe term "clairvoyance" in its literal meaning has nothing whatever to do with "seeing at a distance." (March 1959, p. 23.)Any dictionary will show that it is usedin English to indicate an unusually acuteperceptiveness, whereas in French it iscloser to its root meaning of "seeing clearly," and simply denotes perspicacity, penetrating insight. In either language, the ideaof distance is not present in the meaning.If the ESP group feel the need of someterm suggesting this, may I suggest "tele-voyance"? I suppose "television" would doas well, except that it is now applied toanother phenomenon, equally strange.However, it is far from clear to me thatMr. Abrams makes a justifiable distinctionbetween "telepathy" and what he calls"clairvoyance." Since the ESP transmissionis apparently felt, not seen, the formerterm would seem to describe the phenomenon quite correctly.Sincerely yours,Joseph S. FosterDept. of Romance LanguagesUniversity of NebraskaLincoln, NebraskaIn the article, clairvoyance was referred toas "literally, 'seeing at a distance.'" Ed.1 am glad that I began my subscriptionto the Magazine far enough back that youwill know I did not do so merely to prepare for the receipt of the March issue onaccount of the article by Stephen Abrams,"Defining the Sixth Sense," an article inwhich I naturally have a large investmentof sympathy. You will clear me, on thatone, will you not? . . .What I thought you might be a little bitinterested in knowing was that your actionwas not quite unique. Ordinarily I knowyou would not consider this an especiallyfriendly comment, but I can imagine thatyou must have felt just a little venturesomeat least in running the Abrams article. (Besure to tell me if I am wrong on that.)In any case, the Goucher College Magazinehad a somewhat comparable article in itswinter number. The editor did not havethe legitimate peg of a campus activity,but there was the usable one of the factthat a Goucher girl had married a para-psychologist.You would probably not be interested innear misses: The Michigan State Magazinerecently ran one on fake telepathy, andlast year's Yale Scientific Magazine ran anarticle I wrote on ESP. Closely akin asregards currency of interest would be therecent article in The New Yorker and aforthcoming one in Harper's. But even before the Abrams article appeared, I wasenjoying the Magazine, and now perhapsI shall merely feel just a bit more identified with it — and certainly stay with itlonger.Sincerely yours,J. B. Rhine, '22, SM '23, PhD '25Parapsychology LabDuke UniversityDurham, North Carolina26 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEOass News01-33George E. Myers, AM '01, emeritusprofessor of education at the Universityof Michigan, has been awarded one of thetwo achievement awards given by the National Vocational Guidance Association.Norman M. Olivers, '02, a retired engineer, is the author of a recently publishedbook, Island Yesterdays, an account ofthe railway construction, at the turn of thecentury, that linked Luzon Island to Manila, the capital of the Philippines.Mark R. Jacobs, '02, writing from hisretirement home in Whittier, Calif., wasformerly superintendent of the MonticelloUnified School District in East Los Angeles.He notes that "there is not a cloud in thesky, just smog"; and that he would be gladto hear from any member of "LincolnHouse," which dates from a remote periodat the U. of C.G. George Fox, '04, AM '15, rabbiemeritus of South Shore Temple in Chicago, is recovering from a heart attack inPassavant Hospital there.Joseph W. Barker, '13, has recentlyretired as chairman of the board of theResearch Corp. of Bound Brook, N.J.li'ifordecai W. Johnson, '13, president ofHoward University in Washington, D.C,gave the closing service of Evansville College's vesper series in Indiana.Genevieve Bishop Stone, '14, of Washington, D. C, works part time as a socialworker with problem girls.Evelyn Hattis Fox, '15, is president ofthe alumni of the College of Jewish Studiesin Chicago, and plays piano accompaniments for the Red Cross at the Great LakesVeterans Hospital.Harold A. Moore, '15, senior vice president of Chicago Title and Trust Co., wasthe honored guest at a retirement luncheonm the Chicago Club on February 25, 1959.The program noted 28 years of service, thelast twelve as senior vice-president.William S. Hedges, '18, a past presidentof the Rotary Club of New York, is servingas chairman of a committee working on theannual convention of Rotary International,to be held in Madison Square Garden.Van Meter Ames, '19, PhD '24, professor of philosophy at the University ofCincinnati, is spending the year in Japanstudying Zen Buddhism and its relation tothe art and culture of Japan. Under a Fulbright research grant, he is associated withKomazawa University in Tokyo. On hisreturn to the Cincinnati campus next fall,Mr. Ames will become chairman of theirphilosophy department.Norris C. Bakke, '19, has retired fromlaw practice in Washington, D.C. and returned to his birthplace — Maryville, N.D.He plans to be of service in his communitywith perhaps an occasional assignment forthe National Railroad Adjustment Board. Rose-Frances Kramer Reis, '19, keepsbusy with a garden club and her threegrandchildren in the Kenwood area ofChicago.After a year in the Arizona State HealthDepartment as a psychology consultant inmental health, Agnes A. Sharp, SM '20,PhD '31, has become psychologist in theChild Study Services of the Phoenix, Arizona elementary schools. In addition, sheand Gerard Haigh, PhD '50, and one otherclinical psychologist have opened privateclinics (clinical and industrial psychology)in Scottsdale, Arizona.Manuel E. Lichtenstein, '22, MD Rush'25, was elected to the board of trustees ofthe Cook County Graduate School ofMedicine.Walter B. Posey, '23, chairman of thedepartments of history and political science at Agnes Scott College in Decatur,Ga., has received a summer study grantfrom the Presbyterian Board of ChristianEducation for research on "Religion in thelower Mississippi Valley to 1861."Paul L. Whitely, AM '23, PhD '27, isretiring as professor of psychology atFranklin and Marshall College in Lancaster, Pa. at the end of this academicyear. He has taught there for the past 27years.Lloyd B. Jensen, SM '24, PhD '27, acharter member of the Society of IllinoisBacteriologists, Inc., has been named therecipient of this year's Pasteur Award,given annually to a notable contributor tothe field of bacteriology. Dr. Jensen's interests have been in food microbiology; hewas chief bacteriologist at Swift and Co.,Chicago, for 27 years, prior to his retirement a year ago. The 1957 award wasgiven to Gail M. Dack, PhD '27, of theFood Research Institute of Chicago.Roy C. Newton, PhD '24, has recentlyretired as vice-president in charge of research at Swift & Co., in Chicago. He willspend his retirement time raising beef cattleon his farm near Three Rivers, Mich. Inhis 35 years as a Swift scientist he hashelped build a research staff which hascontributed improved forms of food. Apast president of the Institute of FoodTechnologists and former chairman of theChicago section of the American ChemicalSociety, Mr. Newton received the 1957Gold Medal given by the American Institute of Chemists.Ruth Burtis Webster, '27, widow ofthe late James R. Webster, '27, MD '32,announces the marriage of her son, Stephen, who will join his brother in being thefifth generation of his family to becomedoctors.Dorothy V. Nightingale, PhD '28, anassociate professor of chemistry at theUniversity of Missouri has recently received the Garvan Medal for distinguishedservice by women in chemistry. The awardwas announced by the American ChemicalSociety at their spring meeting in Boston.Elfrieda M. Brede, '31, living in Col- linsville, 111., has retired as a Latin teacher,but is keeping herself busy in church andcivic activities.Mary Maize Stinson, '31, is the motherof the reigning Miss University of Chicago,Maggie Stinson, '62. Maggie is also thegranddaughter of the late Edith B. Maize,'02, and the niece of the late EleanorBehrhorst Maize, '33. Miss U of C is afirst year student in the College; she plansto major in Russian and do her graduatestudy abroad.John H. Tiernan, '32, writes on insurance-real estate letter-head, that he hasmoved to Auburn, California: "This areais getting ready to grow so I'm going totry to capitalize on it."Harry Fortes, '33, JD, '35 is a memberof the Chicago Mercantile Exchange.34-49Olga Kawecki Hayes, '34, MA '35, isliving in River Grove, 111., where her husband, Basil, is a dentist.Harold G. Petering, '34, is a seniorresearch associate with the Upjohn Co. inKalamazoo, Mich., where he is workingon the biochemistry of cancer therapy. Hewas the winner of the Upjohn Award in1958.The Rockefeller Public Service AwardProgram will enable 11 federal career employees to carry forward job-related educational projects during the coming year.The sixth woman to be honored by thisaward in seven years is Lily Mary David,'35, who is chief of the branch of currentwage developments in the Bureau of LaborStatistics. With her award, she will studyrecent developments in economic theoryand labor economics, with special reference to wage-price productivity relationships.Ruth Bishop Heiser, SM '36, PhD '39,is a consulting psychologist in Glendale,Ohio. She was the featured speaker at anursing conference at the Flint College ofthe University of Michigan in April.Norman H. Nachtrieb, '36, PhD '41,professor of chemistry at the Institute forthe Study of Metals at the U of C, hasbeen appointed to the advisory board ofAnalytical Chemistry, the monthly publication of the American Chemical Society.Bernice Boehm, MA '37, has beenawarded a PhD by the University ofMinnesota.Norman Kharasch, '37, SM '38, a professor of chemistry at the University ofSouthern California in Los Angeles hasreceived the first Fulbright appointment inchemistry to Austria as a senior researchscholar. He will spend a year conductingresearch on organic chemistry at the ViennaInstitute of Technology.Phyllis Greene Mattingly, '38, livesin Fort Collins, Colo., with her husbandNorman H. Nacktrieb, '36, PhD '41,MAY, 1959 27MISS DAVID '35sponsoring foreign students and awaitingthe fishing season.Robert E. Ricketts, AM '38, living inPaterson, N.J. has been a professor ofeducation at Paterson State College forthe past year.Ralph W. Condee, AM '39, is an assistant director in humanities at PennsylvaniaState University, at their Center for Continuing Liberal Education, University Park,Pa.Mary N. Stephenson, AM '40, is thedirector of public assistance at the Colo- j IrSNfNACHTRIEB '36rado State Department of Public Welfare.Thomas A. Hart, PhD '41, has recentlybeen transferred to the education divisionof U.S. Operations Missions in Haiti, astheir chief. His post for the past two yearshas been with this same mission in theirBrazilian headquarters in Rio de Janeiro.Albert Tezla, '41, AM '47, PhD '52,an associate professor of English at theUniversity of Minnesota in Duluth, is thefirst faculty member there to receive aFulbright award while being a staff member there. He will take a sabbatical leave SORENSEN '47for the 1959-60 academic year to do extensive research in Vienna, Austria. Hisstudy will be in the development of romantic literature of Hungary from 1770to 1835.Raymond J. Hecht, '42, of Chicago, hasbeen appointed to the sales staff of WyethLaboratories, a Philadelphia pharmaceutical concern; he will maintain his headquarters in Chicago.Kurt Melchior, '43, AM '49, was married recently to Suzanne Sabin in SanFrancisco.©©©©©©©©©©©©©© SPECIAL REPORTMr._ RULON E. RASMUSSEN NEW YORK LIFE AGENTat_ PHOENIX, ARIZONA, GENERAL OFFICEBORN: April 7, 1923EDUCATION: University of Utah, George WashingtonUniversity, Business and Law Schools.PREVIOUS EMPLOYMENT: Member of U.S. Senator ElbertThomas' staff. Staff member Senate Education & Labor,and Military Affairs Committees, 1943-1947.REMARKS: One key factor in Rulon Rasmussen 's successful transition fromlegislative fact-finding to life insurance selling was his fine business andlaw school background. This background and his congenial personality havehelped Rulon top the million-dollar sales mark every year since 1949, the yearafter he became a New York Life representative. Today he is a Qualifyingand Life member of the insurance profession's Million Dollar Round Table andhas earned membership in the Company's Presidents Council — an honoraryorganization of New York Life's leading agents. If past experience is anyindication, the years ahead look bright indeed for New York Life representativeRulon E. Rasmussen.fkt Rulon Rasmussen, like so many other collegealumni, is well established in a career as a NewYork Life representative. It offers him security,substantial income and the deep satisfaction ofhelping others. If you or someone you know would like more information on such a career with one ofthe world's leading life insurance companies, write :NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANYCollege Relations, Dept. P 751 Madison Avenue, New York 10, N.Y.28 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINECharles W. Stanley, '43, a nuclearchemist who has been with Oak RidgeNational Laboratory and Argonne National Laboratory, is with the Midwest Research Institute in Kansas City, Mo. As thesenior nuclear chemist on their staff, hespoke before the Midwest Industrial Isotopes Conference on the applications ofnuclear energy recently.Lyle R. Johnson, '44, MBA '48, hasjoined the research staff of InternationalBusiness Machines Corp. as a staff engineerin their Yorktown, N.Y. center.Among the fourteen Grinnell Collegefaculty who have been awarded portions0f a $10,000 grant from the DanforthFoundation are William L. Reese, '45,PhD '47, and Norman Springer AM '50.Reese, an associate professor of philosophyand religion will spend three months atColumbia University in research on thenature of abstraction and general ideas;Springer, an assistant professor of English,will work on the completion of his secondnovel and other creative writing.Mary K. Eakin, '46, AM '54, formerlyeditor of the Bulletin of the Center forChildren's Books, is now the librarian ofthe youth collection at Iowa State TeachersCollege library in Cedar Falls, la. She isthe author of a forthcoming book entitled:Good Books for Children.Albert R. Hibbs, SM '47, chief of theresearch analysis section of Pasadena'sCaltech jet propulsion lab, has been chosenone of five of California's outstandingyoung men of 1958. Mr. Hibbs, living withhis family in Altadena, Calif, for the pastseven years, was one of the key men in thelaunching of Explorer I, the first successfulU.S. earth satellite.Seymour P. Keller, '47, SM '48, PhD'51, a technical engineer with IBM since1953 in their Yorktown, N.Y. researchcenter, has been appointed senior chemistin the physics department of their Pough-keepsie, N.Y. laboratory.C. W. Sorensen, AM '47, PhD '51, professor of geography at Illinois. State Normal University, will become dean of theGraduate School on Sept. 1.Reid A. Bryson, PhD '48, is a professorof meteorology at the University of Wisconsin, and the author of several works ongeology, geography, and meteorology. Hespoke recently at Concordia College inMoorhead, Minn., on the science ofmeteorology.Ruth R. Goodman, MBA '48, now living in Cincinnati, Ohio, is manager of thefood services of the Winton Hill TechnicalCenter, a division of Proctor and Gamble'sresearch division.Henry H. Presler, PhD '48, is with theLeonard Theological College in Jabalpur,Madhya Pradesh, India, where Bible training is taught to the Indians.Jack Sherman, X '48, has returned tothe U of C, to finish up work for his degree. He notes the "many surprises andadjustments: The neighborhood was demolished, and the course program seemedunalterably changed. The professors keepholding on, and what at first appears to bea general trend to conform to other high-school type colleges, to the lowering ofentrance requirements, to imposing newfailure rules, etc., turns out to be nothingmore than a 35 year olds' look at thechange in the campus" after a ten yearabsence.Myron H. Wilk, '48, started a financialplanning business last August. He has fiveoffices in the New York City area withheadquarters at 666 Fifth Avenue. Dealingin the fields of securities, mutual funds,and insurance "we are trying to eliminatethe program of 'commission block' in fe- diciary sales [whatever that is] . . . andI think we are succeeding."Florence Golden Zboyan, AM '48, wasmarried recently, and has moved fromIndianapolis to Valley Cottage, N.Y.S. Wallace Gilbert, MBA '49, and hiswife, the former Jean McDonnell, '45, livein Elmhurst, 111. with their three daughters.Mr. Gilbert is a marketing research planning manager at the Toni Co.Russell B. Keller, Jr., '49, of Akron,Ohio, joined the project engineering staffof the plastics engineering department ofGoodyear Aircraft Corp.Peter Selz, AM '49, PhD '54, and hiswife, Thalia Cheronis, AM '51, announcethe birth of their second daughter, DianaGabrielle, who was born last July.50-58Muriel Marek Coursey, '50, announcesthe birth of a daughter, Karen Maria, onFebruary 6, in Bunkie, La.Dale E. Fisher, AM '50, is leaving Chicago for an indefinite number of years ofteaching in Ghana, West Africa.Joseph B. Jerome, PhD '50, was recently elected president of the LithuanianChamber of Commerce of Illinois. Healso presents physical science lectures onWTTW in Chicago.Joseph C. Johnson, '50, a physician inLynwood, Calif., is a third year resident inorthopedic surgery at Los Angeles CountyHospital. He plans to enter the Air Forcein the fall.Colleen Karavites, AM '50, was married to James F. Kakarakis in St. Andrew'sGreek Orthodox Church in the Chicagoarea recently. Colleen is a teacher of American history at the Evanston TownshipHigh School.Edwin P. Moldof, AM '50, has beennamed division salesman of the year byLePage's, makers of cellophane tapes andadhesives. He lives in Los Angeles with hiswife and daughter.Ray O. Traylor, MBA '50, associatedirector of public relations at Standard Oilof Indiana, has been appointed director ofthis office.Henry D. Blumberg, '51, was marriedto Judith Arbor in New York City onFebruary 8.Isaac Goldman, '51, JD '54, has joinedthe investment counseling firm of Stein,Roe and Farnham in Chicago.Ruth Abrams Kalish, '5 1 , is the motherof a son, Conrad David, born on March 14,1958.John Klum, AM '51, has joined thestaff of Herbert Halbrecht Associates, amanagement counsel and executive placement firm, as their manager for technicaland administrative executive personnel.James H. Schliff, '51, who has beenwith General Electric in Schenectady, N.Y.since 1953, has been appointed to theadministrative staff of the Knolls AtomicPower Laboratory, working on their submarine advanced reactor. This project isresponsible for designing, building andtesting the nuclear reactors for the submarine Triton, the largest and most powerful underwater vessel constructed at thepresent time.David M. Zeman, MBA '51, changes hisaddress from "10636^ to 10632V2" Wil-shire Blvd. in Los Angeles. He remains inhis position of head of the IBM departmentof a retail clothing store, Harris andFranklin.James R. Beerbower, PhD '54, a member of the department of geology at Lafayette College in Easton, Pa., has been promoted to associate professor. He received the Jones Award for superior teaching last fall, and has recently completed apaleontology, to be published later thisyear.Lucy Brundrett Jefferson, '54, '55, AM'57, living in Ferndale, Mich., is an instructor in political science at the DetroitInstitute of Technology.Donald C. Moyer, PhD '54, who lefthis position as director of alumni-studentenrolment at the Alumni Office to accept aposition with the Board of EducationalFinance for the State of New Mexico, hasYOUR FAVORITEFOUNTAIN TREATTASTES BETTERWHEN IT'S . . ,A product -{ Swift & Company7409 So. State StreetPhone RAdcliffe 3-7400LEIGH'SGROCERY and MARKET1327 East 57th StreetPhones: HYde Park 3-9100-1-2DAWN FRESH FROSTED FOODSCENTRELLAFRUITS AND VEGETABLESWE DELIVERlOWIR(M>RC>V£D ^ITHODSV JOB EVALUATION; PERSONNEL PROCEDURESYOUft COSTS T^£MAY, 1959GEORGE ERHARDTand SONS, Inc.Painting — Decorating — Wood Finishing3123 PhoneLake Street KEdzie 3-3186T. A. RDMQUBT CO SidewalksFactory FloorsMachineFoundationsConcrete BreakingNOrmal 7-0433Producersof PrintedAdvertisingin ColorAround the ClockMilton H< Kreines '27101 East Ontario, Chicago 11WHitehall 4-5922-3-4PENDERCatch Basin and Sewer ServiceBack Water Valves, Sump-Pumps6620 COTTAGE GROVE AVENUEFAirfax 4-0550PENDER CATCH BASIN SERVICEPhone : REgent 1-331 1The Old Rel ableHyde Park A^ rvning Co.INC.Awnings and Canopies for All Pu poses1142 E. 82nd StreetRICHARD H. WEST CO.COMMERCIALPAINTING and DECORATING1331W. Jackson Blvd. TelephoneMOnroe 6-3192SARGENT'S DRUG STOREestablished 1852Chicago's most completeprescription and chemical stockphone RAndolph 6-477023 N. Wabash AvenueChicago become executive secretary of the Board.This organization administers the totallegislated funds for schools of higher education in the state, so that there are equitable proportions to all units. It is obviousthat Don carried to Santa Fe that samesincere enthusiasm that was so effective inour alumni-student work.C. Earle Short, MBA '54, is manager ofpersonnel of the general atomic division ofGeneral Dynamics Corp., located in SanDiego.Alan D. Albert, '55, '57, has recentlybeen appointed an associate engineer in themarine instruments engineering department of the Sperry Gyroscope Co. in GreatNeck, N. Y.Virginia Walcott Beauchamp, PhD '55,is the mother of a three-year-old daughterand a year-old son. Her husband is withthe International Cooperation Administration, and Virginia keeps busy with volunteer work and occasional editing and writing jobs at their home in Greenbelt, Md.Darrell H. Reneker, SM '55, recentlyjoined the Du Pont Co. of Wilmington,Del., as a physicist in the polychemicalsdepartment research and development laboratory. While he was at Chicago, Mr.Reneker was a N.S.F. pre-doctoral fellowand an assistant in the Institute for theStudy of Metals.Mark Shapiro, '55, is at Hebrew UnionCollege in Cincinnati, Ohio, and is servingas a student rabbi in Temple Israel inJonesboro, Arkansas on a bi-weekly basis.He will be married to Hanna Haunheimin June.Jack E. Bowsher, MBA '56, sends regards to the staff at the Alumni Associa tion, as their former bookkeeper. He movesfrom Oak Park to North Riverside, 111. thismonth, and comments that he is "still trying to sell IBM machines to Sears."John S. Nuveen, '56, is at the YaleDivinity School in New Haven, Conn.Robert I. Yufit, PhD '56, of Chicago,has spoken on the application of ErikErikson's theoretical framework to the assessment of personality, at a research seminar at Harvard this past January.Wanda Crouse, AM '57, is an instructorin the School of Nursing at the Universityof Michigan in Ann Arbor.Kathleen Wiseman, AM '57, is one ofthe winners of the Publicity Club award forthe best research project in the field ofcommunication. Her topic: a close look atChicago's high-brow radio station, WFMT.Bernie Williams, '57, a Committee onCommunications graduate, is with the personnel department of the U of C.Walter Yondorf, AM '57, has receiveda Social Science Research Council grant,which will enable him to study Europeancommunities in Luxembourg next year.Stewart Edgerton, MBA '58, has beenappointed vice-president and controller ofShure Brothers, Inc., a manufacturer ofmicrophones and electronic components.Mr. Edgerton lives in Clarendon Hills, 111.Cyrus V. Giddings, AM '58, has beennamed to head the development programof the Chicago Theological Seminary. Hewill also hold the post of secretary for theCommittee on Lay Education.John A. Sivright, MBA '58, is a member of a commercial loaning division at theHarris Trust and Savings Bank in Chicago.His home is in Northfield, 111.Needcorrugated boxesin volume?'—C^fe*. yourH&D packagingengineerHINDE&DAUCH°j~ Division of West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company15 Factories. 42 Sales OfficesSandusky, Ohio30 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEAlumni Club EventsFebruary 21 BuffaloFebruary 25 Washington, D.C.March 4 IndianapolisApril 9 New York CityApril 16 ClevelandApril 17 Los AngelesApril 1 8 San FranciscoApril 26 Skokie, IllinoisApril 26 Washington, D.C.May 2 Washington, D.C.May 6 DetroitMay 1 5 Washington, D.C. Social meeting at University of BuffaloFaculty Club"New Dimensions in Education"Dr. C. Taylor Whittier, '36, PhD '48"Tomb and Temple in Egyptian Thebes"Professor George R. HughesAlumni Convention"Pasternak and Russian Literature""The Addict in our Midst""Does the Criminal have EqualJustice?""Can the Affluent Society Compete?""The Philosophy of Psychiatry""The Truth About Relief Roles"Faculty participants:Professor George V. BobrinskoyProfessor Lillian RippleDean James M. LorieDr. Philip M. Margolis"Cleveland Planning Commission"Professor Robert Reeves of WesternReserveDean Allen Wallis andProfessor Ezra SolomonAlumni Convention"The New Africa — Politics inTransition""Does America Have a Power Elite?""Education: For or After Crisis?""Bridging the Racial Schism""The Social Life of Baboons""Our Economic Policy — Free Enterprise or Free Loading""Some Suggestions for Winning theReal War with the Communists"Faculty participants:Professor Joseph SchwabProfessor Morton GrodzinsProfessor Ezra SolomonDean Allen Wallis"What Makes Reuther Run?"Professor Kermit EbyReception at Embassy of IndiaReception at Embassy of Japan"Psychiatry and Medical Education"Dr. C. Knight Aldrich"New Images of the University"Professor Gilbert White CHICAGO ADDRESSING & PRINTING CO.Complete Service for Mail AdvertisersPRINTING— LETTERPRESS & OFFSETLetters • Copy Preparation • ImprintingTypewriting • Addressing • MailingQUALITY — ACCURACY — SPEED111 So. Dearborn • Chicago 5 • WA 2-4561Since 7885ALBERTTeachers' AgencyThe best in placement service for University,College, Secondary and Elementary. Nationwide patronage. Call or write us at37 South Wabash Ave.Chicago 3, III.Wasson -PocahontasCoal Co.6876 South Chicago Ave.Phone: Butterfield 8-2116-7-8-9Wasson's Coal Makes Good — or —Wasson DoesSHERRY HOTEL53rd Street At The Lake . . .Complete Facilities ForConference Groups — ConventionsBanquets — DancesCall Catering FAirfax 4-1000Free Parking for Our Guests!Since 7878HANNIBAL, INC.Furniture RepairingUpholstering • RefinishingAntiques Restored1919 N. Sheffield Ave. • LI 9-7180BOYDSTON AMBULANCE SERVICEAuthorized Ambulance ServiceFor Billings HospitalOfficial Ambulance Service forThe University of Chicagophone NOrmal 7-2468NEW ADDRESS- 1708 E. 71 ST ST.POND LETTER SERVICE, Inc.Everything in LettersHooven TypewritingMultigraphingAddressograph Service MimeographingAddressingMailingHighest Quality Service Minimum PricesAll Phones: 219 W. Chicago AvenueMl 2-8883 Chicago 10, IllinoisMAY, 1959 31MemorialFrank M. Erickson, AM '95, died inSanta Barbara, Calif. We were notifiedof his death in March.Felix E. Ashcroft, MD Rush '01, diedon December 30, 1958 in Glendale, Calif.Walter C. Van Nuys, MD Rush '02,died in Troy, N.Y. in December of 1955.Anson L. Nickerson, MD Rush '04,died on December 25, 1958 in Kankakee,111.Sanford A. Lyon, '07, a resident ofClaremont, Calif., died on February 16.Prior to his retirement, Mr. Lyon operatedan investment securities business in Clare"-mont.Eleanor Hall Wilson, '07, of EauClaire, Wis., died on January 27.John V. Barrow, '09, MD Rush '11,died on December 17, 1958 at his home inLos Angeles.Isaac G. Matthews, PhD '12, died at hishome in Lansdowne, Pa. on March 25.Oren H. Wright, MD Rush '12, ofChicago, died on December 20, 1958.Robert H. McWilliams, AM '13, diedat his home in Denver, Colo., on January 2.Alice Post Tabor, AM '13, PhD '16,professor emeritus of German at the University of California at Berkeley, died onMarch 6 at her home in Carmel, Calif. Amember of Berkeley's faculty for 32 years,IMiss Tabor was the first woman appointedto their German department.William L. Brown, MD Rush, '16, diedin Kenilworth, 111., on September 10, 1958.Ethel D. Hum, '16, died on September17* 1958, in Chicago.Lester A. Smith, MD Rush '16, diedin December at his home in Indianapolis,Ind.William E. Elliott, AM '18, died onOctober 27, 1958 in Orlando, Fla. He hadspent many years in the service of theY.M.C.A. with twelve years of this timein Calcutta, India.Carl Kinsley, a renowned electricalengineer and physicist, who had donepioneering work in radio, and in the magnetic, non-destructive testing of steel, diedat his home in Washington on February1. Mr. Kinsley taught at the University ofChicago from 1901-19; among his colleagues here were scientists Robert A.Millikan and Albert A. Michelson. Withthe outbreak of World War I, Mr. Kinsleyjoined the signal corps, and became chiefof the military intelligence section forradio, telegraph and telephone operations.Angus McLeod, '18, died on November9, 1958 in Dallas, Texas.William E. McVey, AM '19, PhD '42,a former Congressman from Illinois, diedon August 10, 1958.David P. Bradley, '20, . a resident ofChicago, died on October 19, 1957.Frances Hundley Houston, AM '20, died on August 28, 1958 at her home inNorfolk, Va.John C. Brumbaugh, AM '21, a resident of Dayton, Ohio, died on January 23.Robert C. Kewley, '22, president of theUnion National Bank and Trust Co. ofElgin, 111., died on March 6, at his homein East Dundee.Ella F. Waful, '22, died in Chicagolast year.Nellie M. Sheehan, '25, died on October26, 1958 in Grand Rapids, Mich.John W. Davis, '27, AM '33, died athis home in Lexington, Ky., on November7, 1958. He had been a school administrator, working with the youth of Kentucky and Tennessee.A. C. Senour, AM '27, former superintendent of East Chicago, Indiana,schools, died on March 7, at his homethere.Edward J. Tanis, '27, AM '28, died inGrand Haven, Mich, last December.May L. Waldo, '28, died on June 3,1958 in Chicago.Isaac Chizik (Horpy), '29, AM '31, whohad been in charge of affairs at the Israelembassy in Liberia (as we mentioned inthe March Class News section) died a fewmonths ago in Chicago; the news of Mr.Horpy 's death did not come to us until theMarch Magazine was in print.James E. Dean, PhD '30, died on March14, at his home in Wesson, Miss.Louise K. Rotha, SM '31, died on September 11, 1958 in Waynesville, N.C.Jesse W. Driver, MD Rush 32, died athis home in Enid, Okla., on September 19,1954.Fred M. Merrifield, '32, JD '34, diedon February 28, at his home in the HydePark area. He had been a research associate on the law faculty of the U of C,known for his work on the Illinois criminalcode and laws relating to housing andfinance.Jessie Arnold Holm, '32, AM '44, diedon December 13, 1958 at her home inEvanston, 111.Robert B. Giffen, '35, assistant to thedean of Rockefeller Memorial Chapel atthe U of C from 1935-38, died on March7 in Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. At the time ofhis death, Mr. Giffen was director of theChatham-Savannah Mental Health Assn.in Georgia.Ruth E. Jones, '35, died in Mayfield,Ky. on August 5, 1958.Robert D. Perkins, MD '35, died inMoline, 111. on December 31, 1958.Hiram A. Lewis, '37, died on December28, at his home in Sarasota, Fla.Sidney D. Merlin, '37, AM '39, diedin Rye, N.Y. on December 8, 1958.Arthur Sonnenberg, MD Rush '37, diedon January 30, in Tracy, Calif. UNIVERSITY NATIONAL BANK1354 East 55th StreetMemberFederal Deposit Insurance CorporationMUseum 4-1200PARKER-HOLSMANl?"R"E"A'L'r'o"RmsVReal Estate and Insurance1461 East 57th Street Hyde Park 3-252SFine Co/or Work • Quality Book ReproductionCongress St Expressway at Gardner RoadBroadview, Illinois COIumbus 1-1420BEST BOILER REPAIR&WELDINGCO.24 HOUR SERVICELicensed • Bonded • InsuredQualified WeldersSubmerged Water HeatersHAymarket 1-79171404-08 S. Western Ave., ChicagoMODEL CAMERA SHOPLeica - Bolex - Rolleiflex - Polaroid1342 E. 55th St. HYde Park 3-9259NSA Discounts24-hour Kod a chrome DevelopingHO Trains and Model Supplies&*L LINCOLN LORE^THhk/w by' Co/or Camera500 35mm.(2x2in.)slidesin full color — Send$1.00 for three Samplesand complete catalogueWILLEMS COLOR SLIDES Box 1515-E Chicago 907^e 5^/^e (fyetutenA,We operate our own dry cleaning plantTHREE HOUR SERVICE1331 East 57th St.Midway 3-06021442 East 57th Street 5319 Hyde Park Blvd.NOrmal 7-9858Midway 3-060832 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEWhen a lawyer wants advice...George Clark handles the life insurance program of J. V. Morgan (seated at desk, above),partner in a prominent law firm in High Point,North Carolina.It's not surprising, therefore, that Mr. Morganconferred with him on the effect that pendingfederal legislation would have on the integrationof insurance with his personal estate. (This legislation would allow a self-employed individual atax deduction on funds used to set up his personal retirement plan.)The ability to provide well-informed service ona continuing basis is characteristic of the NewEngland Life agent. And he is closely supportedby his general agency and home office with in formative reports and expert assistance in varioustechnical areas.If a career like George Clark's appeals to you,investigate the opportunities with New EnglandLife. You get a regular income from the start.You can work anywhere in the U. S. A. Yourfuture is full of substantial rewards.For more information, write to Vice PresidentL. M. Huppeler, 501 Boylston Street, Boston 17,Massachusetts.NEW ENGLAND^//f//7J7/)/ft T IFF (J»ma&>iianif(_^/ V ( (AA/m/JC/ MJ M. M? M-l BOSTON. MASSACHUSETTSTHE COMPANY THAT FOUNDED MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE IN AMERICA— 1835These Chicago University men are New England Life representatives:MYRON H. WILK, '48, New YorkGEORGE MARSELOS, '34, ChicagoAsk one of these competent men to tell you about the advantages of insuring in the New England Life.LOYD S. SHERWOOD, '37, SeattleROBERT P. SAALBACH, '39, Omaha JOHN R. DOWNS, C.L.U., '46, ChicagoHERBERT W. SIEGAL, '46, San Antonio$5.00$10.00$15.00$25.00$45.00*$50.00$75.00$100.00+ JfCJji***PICK A NUMBER.! amounts most frequently written for alumni gifts(Make it GREEN if possible)Write a check to "The University of Chicago"Fill in the number you have chosenSign and mail toThe University of Chicago Alumni Foundation5733 University Avenue, Chicago 37, IllinoisYou have now made your 1959 gift to the Universityof Chicago•* The average gift* * Membership in the Century Club* * * Nearly 1200 chose a larger number last year