,*^»•4•^•*•for the man going SouthOUR COLORFUL NEW SPORTWEARfeaturing our exclusive stylingInteresting designs and materials, and bright colorings highlight cruise and Southern resort wear thisseason. New selections include:(shown) Lightweight, washable Dacron* and cottonOdd Jacket in miniature district checks.Light blue-and-navy or tan-and-blackchecks on white, $37.50Cotton poplin Odd Trousers in red, aqua, maroon ,yellow , light bine or copper, $ 1 3.50Orlon*~and-cotton Odd Trousers that have thesoft appearance of flannel. Navy, white,pearl grey, tan, yellow, $ 1 7.50Odd Jackets of lightweight flannel! in black or brownhounds tooth checks on white, $45*DuPont's fibers f50% wool, ^0% cottonESTABLISHED 1818Itm f urnishingg, if ats ^fbocs346 MADISON AVENUE, COR. 44TH ST., NEW YORK 17, N. Y.1 1 1 BROADWAY, N E W YORK 6, N . Y.BOSTON * CHICAGO • LOS ANGELES • SAN FRANCISCO The final victory over cancer will come from the research laboratory.But there is a more immediate victory at hand today. Many cancers can becured when detected earlyand treated promptly.Vigilance is the key tothis victory.There are certain signswhich might mean cancer. Vigilance in heedingthese danger signalscould mean victory overcancer for you:1. Unusual bleeding or discharge.2. A lump or thickening in thebreast or elsewhere.3. A sore that does not heal.4. Change in bowel or bladderhabits.5. Hoarseness or cough.6. Indigestion or difficulty Inswallowing.7. Change in a wart or mole.If your signal lasts longer thantwo weeks, go to your doctor tolearn if it means cancer.AMERICANCANCERSOCIETY T®Memo}ralTalk of the New YorkerHow's that again — and again!Ruth Halloran, the Association's executive assistant, requested that herweekly New Yorker Magazine bechanged from her home address to theoffice. This was done, but she kept getting an extra copy a,t home. So shewrote to have the home issus stoppedbecause she was getting one at the office.So they sent two copies to the office. Atonce she wrote to stop the extra office copy, and went home to find anothercopy.Now she gets two copies at the officeand one at home. She hesitates to writeagain because her home box will nothold two copies of the New Yorker.Maverick Milton MayerOn Chicago's Channel 11, (educationalTV), the University of Chicago was responsible for a summer weekly Fridaynight program. One night, moderatorEdward W. Rosenheim, Jr., had guestsReuel Denney (Social Science) andalumnus Milton Mayer (The Story ofWilliam Rainey Harper) discussing whatis happening to America's mavericks.Maverick Mayer opened with his typical off-beat, least-expected statementcalculated to throw his audience offbalance: he had come to disapprove ofmavericks, too many of whom could destroy our society. Milt was in character and I settled back to enjoy the 9:30 half-hour.At 9:45 Milt made a point by quoting"from the famous Norwegian poet, JohnStuart Mill" and moved on without atwitch of the mouth. This identificationof the English philosopher seemed toworry Ned Rosenheim but there was noimmediate spot to break in for the correction until . . .At 9:56, as air-time closed in, Ned wasmaking his usual summary "... and,for any young people listening in whomight think we do not know that JohnStuart Mill was not a Norwegian poetbut a . . ."Whereupon Milton broke in to finish"... of course not; he was an Italianpoet."At which point Ned gave up as thestation switched to the announcementsfor tomorrow. And I relaxed with thecomfortable feeling that some things inthis heaving old world don't change:Milt is still a maverick.H.WM.REGIONALOFFICESThe University of Chicago Alumni AssociationEAST COASTClarence A. Peters, DirectorRoom 22, 3 I East 39th StreetNew York 17, New YorkTelephone, MUrrayhill 3-1518WEST COASTWilliam H. Swanberg, DirectorRoom 322, 717 Market StreetSan Francisco 3, CaliforniaTelephone, EXbrook 2-0925LOS ANGELESMrs. Marie Stephens! 195 Charles StreetPasadena 3, CaliforniaTelephone, SYcamore 3-4545These offices are maintained for the convenience of Chicagoaiumni in these areas. Please feel free to cail on their services.They help to produce your local Chicago programs; work withalumni committees for student recruitment and with fund committees for the annual Alumni Gift to the University.JANUARY, 1958 1fnjltts [ssstte|_ s my face going to be red," exclaimedBetsey Shaw. Betsey conceived the ideaand, with the cooperation of the Art Institute of Chicago, arranged for a privateshowing for alumni and their guests ofthe Seventy-Fifth Anniversary Exhibition of Picasso.In the invitations which went out tomembers of the Alumni Association, shestated, "The Association is pleased to beable to invite alumni and their guests toview the exhibit at a time when the galleries will not be crowded."The response was terrific, so terrificthat Betsey found herself deluged withacceptances. Instead of the five-hundredmaximum anticipated, thirteen -hundredalumni and their friends turned out forwhat proved to be a highly successful"Evening with Picasso" (Page 10), anddespite the crowd, no one complained ofcrowding.Criticism has been levelled at theAmerican high school from all sides.Everything from teachers to salaries tolack of adequate facilities and overcrowding have been blamed. For an insight into some of the basic problems ofthe American high schools and the challenge which lies ahead turn to Page 4.HoLoward Mort didn't quite manage toget down all the items he wanted in his"Memo Pad" (Page 1) when a sharp painput him in Billings Hospital where,shortly before this issue went to press,he underwent surgery. He should beconvalescing at home by the time thisissue reaches our readers and, we hope,will be back at his desk not long after.Meantime, in Howard's absence, RuthHalloran, administrative assistant, iskeeping things rolling smoothly._/%.look at the masthead will reveal oneElizabeth Shaw is now Elizabeth ShawBobrinskoy. The wedding took placeDecember 23. Husband George, a lawstudent on campus, is the son of Linguistics Chairman and Mrs. George V.Bobrinskoy.After a honeymoon in New York,Betsey and George are making theirhome in the married students housing onMaryland Avenue. UNIVERSITYJANUARY, 1958Volume 50, Number 4FEATURES4 Whither the American High School10 Evening with Picasso18 Science Open HouseDEPARTMENTS1 Memo Pad2 In This Issue14 Quad News29 Club News31 Class News35 MemorialCOVERPart of crowd pressing for admission to the Science Open House(Page 18) of the Institutes for Basic Research. Photo by ArchieLieberman was taken at entrance to the building at 5640 Ellis avenue.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE5733 University Avenue, Chicago 37, IllinoisEditor Editorial AssistantMELANIA SOKOL M. ROSS QUILLIANTHE ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONExecutive Secretary-EditorHOWARD W. MORTAdministrative AssistantRUTH G. HALLORANRegional DirectorsCLARENCE A. PETERS (Eastern)WILLIAM H. SWANBERG (Western) The Alumni FundORLANDO R. DAVIDSONFLORENCE I. MEDOWStudent RecruitmentMARJORIE BURKHARDTProgrammingELIZABETH SHAW BOBRINSKOYPublished monthly, October through June, by The University of Chicago Alumni Association,5733 University Avenue, Chicago 37, Illinois. Annual subscription price, $4.00. Single copies]25 cents. Entered as second class matter December I, 1934, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois'under the act of March 3, 1879. Advertising agent: The American Alumni Council, B. A. Ross]director, 22 Washington Square, New York, N. Y.2 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEScience and Progressat Avco -1957Truly significant discoveries and technical progress are the goals of the AvcoResearch and Advanced Development Division. Some of the Avco RAD recordof accomplishments are contained in professional papers in scientific and technical journals. Much of it is classified for reasons of military security. But thefollowing public announcements serve to outline some of the steps taken byRAD — the "Breakthrough" Division of Avco— in pursuing its goal for 1957:February 11 , 1957 Site Prepared for Avco RAD CenterApril 5, 1957 Avco to Make Hypersonic Shock Tubes for Industry, Universities, Other Research GroupsJuly 1, 1957 Avco to Develop New Radio Pack Set for Marine CorpsJuly 2, 1957 Prime $111 Million Contract Announced for Development byAvco of Nose Cone for Intercontinental Ballistic MissileAugust 28, 1957 Avco Shock Tube Research Has Produced Theoretical Breakthrough on 5000-Mile Air Force Ballistic MissileNovember 23, 1957. . . Tiny "Building Blocks" Revolutionize Computer Design andConstructionDecember 3, 1957 Avco to Build Air Force Combat ComputerAvco's record during the past year is significant from scientific, technical andbusiness points of view. It has been made possible by sustained effort at RADto maintain an atmosphere conducive to creative thinking and production ofthe highest order.Avco's new research division now offers unusualand exciting career opportunities for exceptionally qualified and forward-looking scientists and engineers.Write to Dr. R. W. Johnston, Scientific andTechnical Relations, Avco Research and Advanced Development Division, 20 South UnionStreet, Lawrence, Massachusetts.WhitherThe American High SchoolCourse unchartedHeading uncertainFaith unshatteredFor three full days educators andlaymen from every section of thecountry and, in fact, every part of theworld save Australia, met on campusto discuss one of the most controversial and challenging aspects of theAmerican educational system: secondary education or the American highschool.They came to listen, to criticize, toevaluate, to appraise. They left soberedby the challenge of the new era, bornof a new insight into the complex andmultiple problems of the future forwhich American youth somehow mustbe prepared today.Sponsored by the University of Chicago in collaboration with the National Citizens Council for BetterSchools, the conference drew the active lay participation of Time President Roy Larson, New York LifeInsurance Board Chairman DeverauxJosephs, Midwest Stock ExchangePresident James E. Day, and AtlasPowder Company's Ralph Gottshall,among other laymen interest in schoolaffairs.Specialists in education participatingincluded Harvard's Dean FrancisKeppel, Stanford's Dean I. JamesQuillen, Peabody's President HenryHill, and Chicago's Francis Chase,among others.In all, thirty-five leading educatorsand laymen, in five general and nineteen panel discussions, addressed theconference on various aspects of highschool development. Schools are commonly blamed foreverything from failure of the UnitedStates to launch the first satellite toJohnny's failure to say, "Please,"when asking for a second helping atthe dinner table."I am still unimpressed with all thenoise and fury about the school's responsibility to teach manners andcourtesy and a decent respect forone's fellow-human beings," said William H. Cornog, superintendent, NewTrier Township High School, Win-netka, Illinois. "This is primarily thejob of the home."Many another educator felt that itwas time parents re-assessed theirrole in the training and education ofthe child and shifted some of the responsibilities assumed by the schoolback on their own shoulders.As for the hew and cry raised bysputnik, Clarence H. Faust, presidentof the Fund for the Advancement ofEducation, and vice president, theFord Foundation, had this to say:". . . . if we were not first in launchingIn thinking of tomorrow's children wemust realize that they will live and workin a world as different from today's asthe one we grew up in. To prepare themfor it means that we must toughen upthe educational program to a level ofunprecedented challenge for both students and teachers alike.— Roy E. Larsen, PresidentTime, Inc.4 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEa satellite it is not because our highschools and colleges over the pastgeneration have failed to produce themen who could have planned, constructed, and launched it into space."Rather, he said, it is because "we hadnot devoted our energies and resources to this task," a question, headded, which involved not scientificbut political wisdom."If the political decision . . . can betraced to a failure of our schools," hecontinued, "we should have to saythat the schools had failed not inteaching science but in developing inour people and in our leaders thepolitical wisdom required to reacha better conclusion."Nevertheless, the more than one-thousand educators and laymen participating in the conference, had muchto criticize about the teaching of science as well as the teaching of othersubjects and disciplines in the highschool.Freedom and DisciplineNew Trier Township's Superintendent Cornog advanced the premisethat "if the schools are not to remainor perhaps become institutions oflearning with a primary emphasisupon intellectual matters, and notsuper-social service stations or emotional herbariums for the cultivationof the flowers of sentiment, we mustmake the raw assumption that it isthe mind of the student with whichthe school is most concerned."If the training of the mind is notonly the peculiar but the prior taskof the school, there must be a priorityof goods, or a priority of disciplinesby which the task is achieved. It cannot be true that all subjects arecreated equal, or that any method ofteaching is as good as any othermethods."Marshall H. Stone, Professor ofMathematics at Chicago, traced theweakness of the mathematical productof the schools directly to the neglectof discipline."If we judge our high schools bytheir fruits — and that, after all is howthey should and will be judged — weare justified in condemning them fortheir long neglect of discipline, in thegood sense of the term."In my own teaching I have had thechance to observe the weakness anddeficiences of a long line of students,both undergraduates and graduates.These students included some of the best in the country; many of them arealready professors in some of ourleading universities and importantcontributors to the progress of scienceand mathematics. As the years havegone by I have seen a steady deterioration in the preparation given themin school, if not in college."It is heart-breaking to see theseyoung men of real ability flounderand waste unconscionable amount oftime and energy in their first yearsof graduate school simply becausethey have never learned anywhere tothink or to speak with precision, towrite clearly and in good order, tofinish a task down to the last detail,or to persist in the face of real intellectual difficulties. My colleagues andI have to teach them all these thingsby indirection and example becausethey are too old to treat as the intellectual children which they still are.European Product Superior"When American scientists andscholars are compared with theirEuropean colleagues, as they so oftenare to the advantage of the latter, theonly difference which can be clearlyattributed to a difference in educationis that as a youth the European hasgenerally received the benefits of athorough intellectual discipline suchas the American has never experienced. From my own personal andscientific knowledge of foreign mathematicians, I am convinced that this isthe essential and decisive differencewhich explains the continuing superior quality of the best Europeanachievements in the field of mathematics."Approximately a third of theworld's mathematicians who are justmore than slightly active in the publication of mathematical research liveand work in the United States, but agood deal less than one-third of theimportant research currently produced comes from this country. In addition, many of the most active andprominent mathematicians in Americawere trained abroad, and came to thiscountry after they had started theiruniversity careers."If American mathematics is tomeet the challenge of the new era,"Stone declared, "it is absolutely essential that our high schools shouldrestore intellectual discipline to theteaching of mathematics. I recognizethat this may be difficult to do because so many of our educators nolonger see any virtue in discipline, and the mathematics teacher whounderstands that there can be nomastery or true understanding ofmathematics without discipline findshimself isolated and his efforts para-lized. Nevertheless," he insisted, "theeffort must be made."Mathematics for TomorrowTo meet the challenge of the newera, changes in both the arrangementand content of high school mathematics courses will have to be made.This, Stone said, involves not onlythe recasting of the traditional highschools subjects — algebra, geometry,and trigonometry — but the introduction of such new subjects as symboliclogic, probability and statistics, andmechanical computation, and the incorporation of such traditional collegesubjects as analytic geometry andelementary calculus.Howard F. Fehr, president of theNational Council of Teachers ofMathematics, estimated mathematicsteaching in the high schools is atleast sixty years behind times."Any 17th century mathematician,reappearing upon earth today couldenter most classrooms in our highschools, and without any preparation,teach the present traditional curriculum, so far is it behind the times."Fehr, who is head of the departmentof the teaching of mathematics,Teachers College, Columbia University, pointed up the need for expanded mathematics education bycalling attention to the tremendousincrease in the use of mathematics inboth science and so-called non-scientific social activities."Recently mathematical methodshave been applied to industrial planning, medicine, biophysics, sociology,cryptology, and even problems inphilosophy and linguistics are beingFor the achievement of great ends —exercise of exact knowledge, enrichmentof mind, the grasp of first principles,achievement of wise purposes, and theservice of great causes — only the disciplined mind is free. It is the only freedom which is worth a man's seeking 01a school's teaching, because it is the onlyfreedom which cannot be diminished,corrupted, or destroyed by either blandishment or terror.— William H. Cornog, SuperintendentNew Trier Township High SchoolWinnetka, IllinoisJANUARY, 1958 5attacked by the application of symbolic and mathematical logic.The number of activities demandingeven simple mathematical skills andsimple mathematical understandinghas also increased tremendously aswitness — the massive educational activities of industry and the armedforces, and in political discussions ofthe problems of taxes, social security, farm price supports, and so forth;yet, Stone charged schools continueto turn out graduates who are, at themost elementary level, mathematically illiterate.Understanding the WorldLanguages are another departmentin which the American high schoolwas found wanting."As a nation we are underdeveloped linguistically for our part in themodern world," said U.S. Commissioner of Education Lawrence G.Derthick. Only 14 per cent of all ourpublic high school students today arestudying a foreign language. Thelanguages commonly taught areFrench, Spanish, German and Italian,although 70 per cent of the world'spopulation does not use these languages."Members of the Office of Educationstaff in cooperation with school officials and professional organizationsare now studying the problem of refashioning the high school languageprogram to meet existing needs.Deficient in math, in languages,discipline, and scholarship, Americanhigh schools were charged also withturning out geographic illiterates."Ask a group of high school graduates to enter on an outline map of theworld the places named on the frontpage of a large metropolitan newspaper for that day," challenged Gilbert Fowler White.Chairman of the University ofChicago's Department of Geography,White said that this "geographicilliteracy" while not in itself important, because of the availability ofreference books, represents two common attitudes of American youngsters:One, that all foreign areas are uniform in character very much like oneanother; second, that man has done agood job of conquering nature for hisown benefit in the United States andthat if other people had enoughenergy and "know how," the obstaclesto improving human welfare would belargely removed." The first attitude, he said, "is forgivable in a country where slanggasoline stations, malted milks andtext books are nearly the same fromcoast to coast. But it is gravely misleading to believe that conditions forapplying technology are everywherethe same or favorable. Man the con-querer must also be seen as man thecautious and man the destroyer."The United States is using up itsresources at a higher rate than anyother nation," he interpolated.Geography seems to have lost precision and strength from beingmerged in the broader approach ofsocial sciences, he observed."If the United States becomes conscious of a politically emergent Africa,the tendency is to call for a unit onAfrica somewhere among the socialstudies, or to include a few Bantulegends in a book of graded readings.Such a response is attractive becauseit is direct and relatively easy buttaken alone it is distressing The addition of new subject matter is hopeless in terms of its rapidly growingvolume, and it is likely to be confusing. The solution does not lie in thedirection of more units of study,covering more parts of the world ormore of its inter-related aspects. Itlies in focusing upon a few of thebasic modes of thought that will helpin illuminating the new and continually changing facts about the world."High school students, he said, haveto be helped "to view any familiar ornew part of the earth as having itsown distinctive combination ... ofclimate, soils, vegetation, mineralsand population . . . and as being likelyto respond in its own unique way tochanges."Such a concept can be taught inhigh schools. It requires preliminarywork on more elementary ideas ofearth features. Once mastered for onearea, the concept becomes applicableto any area, and students no longercan regard a little-known region asbeing as uniform as the color shadingon a political map."One of our problems is to insure thatin the process of producing skilled scientists and engineers, we also produce cultivated and well-rounded individualswith breadth of outlook as well as specialcompetence.— Alan T. Waterman, DirectorNational Science Foundation Lest the record appear one of minuses, however, Henry Steel Commager, Professor of History, ColumbiaUniversity, felt it only fair to call attention to some plus marks rightfullydeserved by the high school for "thelarger successes and achievements ofAmerican society."A Historian Views the School"Americans, e.g., the products ofour educational system, did after allsucceed in a great many things whichinvolve intelligence and judgment," heobserved. "They established a nationand held it together, expanding thirteen to forty -eight states with less difficulty than England had with Irelandalone in the same period. They madedemocracy work reasonably well, anddid not gratify the expectations ofthose who were so sure that a majority would inevitably exercise tyranny over minorities. They electedmediocre presidents, but never awicked or a dangerous one; theynever yielded to a military dictator;they settled all of their problems butone by compromise and concession instead of by violence, and perhaps thatone could not be solved by compromise; they adjusted themselves speedily to their responsibilities as a worldpower. These are not accomplishments that can be confidently tracedto the educational system, but itwould be absurd to deny that theschools — and the high schools — contributed to them."Not only do our schools deservesome credit for these accomplishments; they deserve some credit forthe things they have avoided. Much ofour history is, in a sense, an achievement in avoidance — nationalism without nationalizmus, world powerwithout imperialism, majority rulewithout majority tyranny, capitalismwithout class warfare, and so forth."But, in a sense, he said, the schoolsare the victims of their own success."If they are not precisely buried beneath the ruins of their own triumph,they are conditioned and committedby their achievements." They remainpretty much a product of the 19thcentury.The lag, in Commager's opinion, isdue in part to the failure of the publicgenerally and educators to fully assimilate certain facts, which call for are-thinking of the school's functions.Among considerations and conditionshe offered were the following:6 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEThat whereas the school, with thepolitical parties, was the chief instrument of training in nationalism andAmericanization and democracy inthe 19th and early 20th century, todaythere are many other agencies — thepress, radio, television, movies, organizations like the Boy and Girl Scoutsand ethers — to share this responsibility. This leaves the schools freer thanever before to devote themselves toacademic, as contrasted with whatmay be called non-academic, educational activities.Second, that while schools are apart of society, they should not be acomplete mirror of society. To goalong with the thinking of a "greatmany" educators that the primaryduty of the school is to "adapt" theyoung to the society in which theyare to live and fit them merely to theexisting order of things, is to end upwith a Byzantine, not a Western civilization. Schools "should offer not arepetition of experience, but a challenge to and an extension of experience."A Minus for SportsThird, that over- emphasis on competitive sports — born of sound policyin the 19th century — is endangeringrather than advancing education. Themost dangerous feature of the development of competitive sports in thehigh school, according to Commager,is its relation to the community interest and support."Instead of being a device wherebythe community is persuaded to takean interest in the high school, footballand basketball have become, in all toomany communities, devices wherebythe high school entertains or profitsthe community. More and more theathletic tail is wagging the academicdog; more and more young men whoare protected by law from exploitation in the labor market are exploitedfor the convenience, the entertainment, or the profit of adults. Not onlydo our athletic malpractices do graveharm to the young by denying to someappropriate participation in sports . . .they constitute a confession that public support (or alumni support) toeducation cannot be expected excepton wholly irrelevant grounds."Fourth, that the problem of whatmay roughly be called Americanization has been solved and that thegreatest need today is understandingother countries and other cultures. "The young do not need more nationalism but less. They do not needless study of Greece and Rome, ofBritain and France, but more . . . nordo they need to have their enthusiasmfor something called 'the Americansystem' of private enterprise whippedup artificially."Fifth, that the high school is nolonger our educational terminal, although we still use it as if it was, ina sense, our last chance.The college today occupies prettymuch the place which the high schooloccupied in 1912.How Long Infancy?Sixth, that there is every reason forspeeding up the educational processand getting young men and womeninto production as rapidly as possible."Military service exacts one or twoyears of the lives of our young men;the demands of professional trainingare ever more time-consuming; thenation desperately needs the talentsand the energy of the young; the coststhat society has to pay for maintaining the young in statu pupillari areimmense; the young themselves arerevolting against the prolongation ofinfancy and marrying and rearingfamilies in their early twenties. Howmuch longer can we go accepting fouryears as the norm for secondaryeducation?" Commager demanded.He suggested abandonment of manyof the extra-curricular activities ofthe high school and a concentration onacademic activities could shave oneto two years from the four yearsnow spent in preparation for collegeor industry and commerce.Seventh, that educators shouldemancipate themselves from the psychotic fear of becoming involved withthe national government. The assumption that federal aid to educationmeans federal control is both illogical and pernicious, Commager declared.The rapidity of change in the past fiftyyears and its increasing rate literallysuggest that we are moving toward anexplosive climax where our ingenuitywill outrun our wisdom. For a secondtime man may have partaken of theapple of the tree of knowledge beforeGod had prepared him for it.— Devereux C. JosephsChairman of the BoardNew York Life Insurance Company Bugaboo of Federal Control"It is illogical because it flies in theface of experience with national support to state universities and to agricultural experiment stations, andnational support to a whole series ofscholarly, scientific, and artistic enterprises such as the Library of Congress, the U.S. Geological Survey, theCoast and Geodetic Survey, the Bureau of Standards, the SmithsonianInstitution, and so forth — all of themlargely dependent on federal moneybut happily free from federal controlof their substantive activities."The task of educators," as Commager sees it, "is ... to find whatevermoney is necessary to do the job ofeducation as it should be done, andto educate legislators and administrators, local and national alike, to theperils of improper interference."It has been done in Britain, inDenmark, in Sweden, in Holland, andelsewhere," he pointed out. "It hasnot even been tried in our country,and it is time that American educators abandoned the unmanly practiceof scaring themselves with bugaboosof national politics, and addressedthemselves to the task of educatingand civilizing the political processes."While Commager urged their taskwas to guide and that educators freethemselves of the notion that theymust cater to community prejudicesas well as interests, Walter L. Cooper,principal, J. Sterling Morton HighSchool, Cicero, 111., left little doubtof the task this poses.Conflicting PressuresPressures on the high school havebeen mounting over the years fromever- expanding Parent Teachers Association membership to an ever increasing membership in professionaleducation and patriotic organizationsplus a variety of other special interestgroups at both the national and locallevel.Among pressures, he cited the largenumber of essay, oratorical and goodcitizenship contests sponsored bygroups for school participation; demands for occupational training tosatisfy the need of specialized businessinterests, pamphlets put out by business and industry as supplementarytext material to promote understanding of the interests they serve, plusother practices which, while well-meaning, are of questionable value.Continued on page 8JANUARY, 1958 7The colleges are another source ofpressure shaping curriculum practicesin the high school.Cooper acknowledged the schoolsbelong to the people. They providethe facilities and money, also the children that make up the membership ofthe schools, ". . . and have a right andan obligation to determine the kindof schools they want." But, he said,with the increased role assumed bythe schools in the total education ofthe child, the point of "all things toall children" is fast approaching.He suggested that now may be thetime for the high schools in cooperation with the home, the church andother agencies of society to redefinethe role of the school and recognizethat it cannot perform every educative function.Objectives BlurredSaid Roy E. Larsen, president Time,Inc., and board chairman of the Fundfor the Advancement of Education,"The basic trouble with secondaryeducation is that people in generalhaven't made up their minds what thehigh school should do."Similarly, William Henry Shaw,superintendent of education, Muscogee County Schools, Columbus, Ga.,underscored that for a successfulfuture high school program, educatorsand laymen must first clarify thefunction of the American high schoolin the new era.Chicago's Francis S. Chase, chairman of the Department of Education,expressed the thought that the timemight be ripe for the creation of anew type of school."Our present system of education isa mass production system, an assembly line operation or lock step whichcan be broken only by the valiantefforts of unusually competent teach-in the 1920's the leadership for experiment came from professional educators: it was the public that had to beconvinced. Today some professionaleducators are apparently among thosemost vigorously opposed to any consideration of school re -organization, earlyadmission to college, classroom television,teacher's aides, fifth-year programs toqualify liberal arts graduates for teaching, and merit pay, while many layleaders want to test the potential of allthese ideas.— Roy E. Larsen, PresidentTime, Inc. ers and administrators," Chase declared."It operates on the curious notionthat learning can be compartmentalized in interchangeable time units,which added to the number of sixteensatisfy the requirements for secondary education."Add to this the notion that everychild must be assured entrance to thehigh school and the corollary that noachievement standards should be setthat are not attainable by the majority, and you have set the stage formechanizing the process of learningand for elevating mediocrity."The vitality having thus been removed from learning, the schoolsfound it expedient to introduce a widearray of extra-curricular activities inorder to find outlets for adolescententhusiasm, initiative, and energy repressed by the weight of inert ideasin the curriculum."These are harsh words," but hesaid, "the fact remains that the weightof the system is too much even forthe most competent administratorsand teachers to drag along."Our high schools must change because the inescapable conditions ofour day demand a quality of educa-It is a paradox that just when technology has made it possible for parentsto spend far more of their time in training their children than ever before, theyshould foist so much responsibility upon— Henry Steele Commagertion for the many which the schoolsas now constituted are unable to provide," Chase declared."My thoughts have been runningmore and more strongly," he said,"to the idea of a school to which onemust earn admission by exhibiting acapacity for self-motivated effort andsustained study."In Chase's opinion, the mere presence of such a school as a part of theschool system would offer incentivestoward intellectual achievement andresponsible behavior in all parts ofthe system."The school I am talking of mightbe thought of as a high school in thesense that it is open only to those whohave acquired certain fundamentaltools of learning and have demonstrated a capacity for study," he elaborated."Students would be grouped on the basis of ability to profit from a particular bit of instruction and the timeassigned to any learning task wouldvary according to the nature of thetask and the capacity of the individuals engaged in it."For those not ready for such aschool, Chase suggested "an intermediate or junior high school whichwould devote itself not only to discovering and remedying deficiencies inthe command of the tools of learningbut of bringing its pupils along towardmaturity and the ability to engage inindependent study."Stanford University's Dean Quillenheld that "there is some evidence thatthe intellectual atmosphere of boththe high school and college is changing as a result of the emphasis oncompetition for college entrance andscholarships, and a recognition thatentrance to graduate schools to pursue advanced study in science andthe professions depends heavily onundergraduate grades.""While wide differences of opinionconcerning achievement standards inthe high school will probably continue," he stated, "there is no doubtthat the high schools need to raisetheir standards in the light of currentcultural demands." Further he said,"All signs are that an upgrading ofeducation is essential to our survivalas a free society."The schools can't do the job alone,he maintained."Parents are of supreme importancein the nourishing of intellectual excellence and in helping children to develop good work habits, self-discipline, drive, and a willingness tostick their necks out. Many parentsdo not have a high regard for education, and some who do, don't takethe trouble to encourage their children to work to the highest level oftheir ability. Pressures toward conformity and anti-intellectual attitudesare far too prevalent in many areastoday. Performance standards in contemporary culture often are not whatthey should be. The get-something-for-nothing attitude is not confinedto the school."Quillen stated the lack of a cleardefinition of what standards are to beexpected from high school graduates,the meagerness of objective researchand the very wide variations in thequality of high schools make it difficult to determine what standards arebeing achieved.8 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEThe University and theHigh SchoolChancellor Lawrence A. Kimptonexpressed the conviction that a largepart of the blame for what's wrongwith the high school can be laid atthe door of the universities. Specifically he referred to the misunderstanding that distorted the essentialprinciples of John Dewey's philosophyand produced "progressive education."Using misinterpretation of Dewey'sideas as the main illustration of hisanalysis, he said, "I believe that universities have been responsible forthis serious philosophical and educational misunderstanding by separatingthemselves from high school education and the training of high schoolteachers."I fear that this separation has resulted not only in a distortion uponwhich much of our secondary education rests but also in a watering downof the subject matter taught in manyof our classrooms."For reasons that I do not altogether understand," Kimpton explained, "the field of education spelledwith a capital 'E' came into disreputeat the universities. The professionaleducator was looked down upon by hiscolleagues within the university community until a professor hesitated toadmit that he was a member of theschool of education."Sneered at by their colleaguesas second-class citizens, the educatorswithdrew from the general life of theuniversity, but proceeded throughactive and strong lobbies in the statelegislatures to set up requirementsfor the licensing of teachers that involved taking their courses and theirdegrees."Always apart from the universitiesthere were the normal schools, established to train the teachers of thecommunities, and most of these became teachers colleges. The schools ofeducation of the universities beganthen to train these teachers ofteachers for the teachers colleges,thus cutting off the high school evenfurther from the mainstream of theuniversities."As the schools of education, independent of the universities, becamestronger, they developed their owncourses, not in psychology but ineducational psychology, not in physicsbut in how to teach physics, and not in history but in the techniques ofpresenting history to the student.With the combination of state licensing laws, schools of education andteachers colleges, the circle becamecomplete. The American high schoolwas cut off from the main body ofthe American university."The solution to the problem issimple enough to state though noteasy to realize, he said."The universities must stop grousing about the education of our highschool students and get back into thebusiness of training teachers."The schools of education must become a real part of the universitiesand the universities must begin to relate themselves properly and effectively to the work of the schools ofeducation."The philosophy of education mustbe taught by a member of the department of philosophy. The departmentof physics must stop regarding theMaster's degree as being of no importance. The high school teacher ofmathematics or the teacher of teachers of mathematics in the school ofeducation must receive his training insubject matter at the hands of a competent mathematician."This does not mean that the schoolIndustry, business, college and professional schools unite in urging the desirability of thorough training in elementary skills in the high schools of todayand tomorrow, and the key word here isthorough.— Henry Steele Commagerof education ceases to have a part toplay in this educational program. Ithas been conspicuously successfulover a number of years in the development of useful and valuableeducational techniques. Because ofthe schools of education a great dealis known about curriculum development, tests and testing, the techniquesof counseling and vocational guidance,and school administration. Thesethings are important and necessary tothe teacher and to the school administrator."The school of education, moreover,is and will remain the real link between the university and the highschool, translating out the theory andnew discovery of the universities intothe high school classrooms. And if itis the role of the school of educationto stand between new knowledge and its applications, I should add that thisbridge should support traffic going intwo directions."It is of considerable importancethat the universities know more thanmost of them now do about the realactivities and problems of the classroom teacher. So much of the researchin education seems sterile and irrelevant to the teacher because the research worker is unacquainted withwhat actually happens in the classroom."We have long prided ourselves inAmerica upon our ability as administrators. We are an efficient people andour universities reflect this . . . butsomehow we have failed with thehigh school, and we are paying a highprice. We have allowed a part of theuniversity to drift out of its properrelationship with other parts and totake over the entire problem of thesecondary education of our youth."The school of education must bereestablished as one of the importantfocal points within the universitywhere the content fields converge,"Kimpton asserted. "The school ofeducation must give this content appropriate configurations for the highschool program and add the necessarytechniques of presentation. The mindsof our youth are the future ofAmerica, not to be entrusted to asingle part of our educational enterprise. It is our responsibility as citizens, as teachers and administratorsin high schools and universities, toinsist that these minds receive thebest that all of American educationcan provide."Henry H. Hill, president, GeorgePeabody College for Teachers calledfor the elimination of "the academicfetish that the high school teachermust have nice fat majors of specialization or at least little skinny minors.Continued on page 28It is one of the most serious dangersof any highly organized society such asours that it encourages, especially intimes of stress, the development of theorganization man, the social and intellectual conformist, the well balanced andwell adjusted individual, and tends todiscourage if not suppress the unique,the different, the independent, the pioneer.— Clarence H. Faust, PresidentThe Fund for the Advancement ofEducationJANUARY, 1958 9Members and guests of the Universityof Chicago Alumni Association spendAn Evening with Picassoat a private showing in theArt Institute of Chicago¦'¦¦ ; ^:^v^^8v^- -, •• .- ; . - ?V . ^ «.**-,.. > •Vfef'.Friends meetPicasso's artpuzzles,intriguesand amuses,Alan Fern, '50, AM '54, Instructor inHumanities, is faced with a poser .^**^*s$gf, -^ EVENING WITH PICASSOcontinuedCrowd draws around HaroldHaydorv '30. AM '31. Associate Avrt Professor and Deri".of Students :n fhe Colleqo,as he gives exploration otPicasso mural seen or left Alumni and facultymembersserve asexperts and guidesPhotos by Robert SharerU'wellyn StudioAlan Maremont, '24, JD '26, listensfo criticism of Joshua Taylor (right),Associate Professor of Art and evening's speaker, as they view paintingby Maremont included in the show12¦v. Sjjfr*'£$•'¦.¦ '. "•&¦ •A "¦<¦ , .'¦¦¦v:"'-yi"^--".-4-ate>.#* =¦-*¦?...:: ¦ %¦«•«*,„ f^\."A' an Frurmr\ '45. takes a postman'*[¦-•:¦]. :¦; \rr.rr\ hi:" ^WP CUl I le.rV ?'•"> ^erV?;Alumni President Arthur Cahill, "31.and Mrs. Cahill, '32, view exhibit- 1^3 VAv ¦....--;.¦. ¦-¦"¦¦¦ •-.¦•i\#air;--;.-rt jS;;^- ;^.vWhere wecame in.WSmm&NEWS OF THEQUADRANGLESMorton Shapiro PhotoArchangel GabrieL Rockefeller Memorial ChapelLaws for SpaceshipsThe proper treatment of Martians by space explorersfrom earth, and ownership and trespassing rights inouter space were discussed by two international legalauthorities at the Law School recently.Andrew G. Haley, a Washington D.C. attorney, andWelf Heinrich, Prince of Hanover and author of the firstdoctoral thesis on space law, agreed that the doctrine ofthe high seas will apply to men traveling through outerspace.As to man's relations with inhabitants of other worlds,Haley said, "The Golden Rule has no application whatsoever . . . We must do unto others as they would havedone unto them."To treat others as we would desire to be treatedmight well mean their destruction. This is the vastlysignificant premise of metalaw (the law of outer space)."In the field of space exploration, Haley said, manmust adhere to a "principle as old and simple as thebasic idea of justice itself . . . not to harm or be harmed."In any instance where there is reason to believe thatintelligent life exists on a planet, no earth spaceshipmay land without having satisfactorily ascertained that(1) the landing and contact will injure neither the explorer nor the explored; and (2) until the earth shiphas been invited to land by the explored."This regulation must be adhered to without exception,or we will project into space and perpetuate the bleakand devastating geocentric crimes of mankind."Prince Heinrich pointed out that the high seas doctrineis made necessary in space by the fact that the constantmovement of the planets and of the sun makes it impossible to know above whose territory anything in spacehappens. However, the line between the atmosphereto which a nation has rights, and outer space, has notas yet been defined, and it will take a physicist to drawthis line, after which it should be fixed by internationalagreement, the Prince said.Haley proposed that this line should be the point atwhich an object could circle the earth — as an artificialsatellite does — because its weight would be equalled byaerodynamic lift and centrifugal force. He proposed thatthis be named the Karman line, after Theodore VonKarman, rocket and missile expert, and that beyond itthe laws of the high seas must prevail.A precedent for international space laws, he continued,has already been set by the International GeophysicalYear effort, in which sixty-four nations are participating.As an example, he said, no nation can protest the flightover its territory of a non-military earth satellite sentup to gather scientific data that will be made availableto the rest of the world."A valid and binding world pact . . . may be abstractedfrom the thousands of documents and exchanges fromwhich the living IGY has evolved . . . The principles setforth are valid although not yet enacted," Haley explained.Cholesterol Level LoweredDiscovery of a crude extract which brings towardnormal the blood cholesterol level of heart patients hasbeen announced by Richard J. Jones, Assistant Professorof Medicine. Cholesterol is a fatty substance in meats,milk, and — in small amounts — -most parts of the human body. High concentration in the blood — known as hypercholesteremia — is related to arteriosclerosis (hardeningof the arteries) and heart attacks.The extract, made from brain tissue and given orally,was administered to 50 patients, 42 of whom had hadheart attacks, whose blood cholesterol levels ranged fromnormal to quite high. In 90 percent of the cases, Jonesreported, the extract brought this cholesterol level downtoward normal. The average drop was 15 percent.No attempt was made in this study to determinewhether or not the actual occurrence of heart diseasewas reduced in the patients, since that will require astudy lasting several years.Physiologist Luckhardt DiesDr. Arno B. Luckhardt, SA '06, SM '09, PhD '11, MD'12, discoverer of the anesthetic properties of ethylenegas, Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus of Physiology, died November 6, in Miami Beach, Fla. He wasthere to receive the highest award given by the AmericanDental Association, honorary membership.Luckhardt' s discovery of ethylene gas as an anesthetic,announced in 1923, was the first major development inanesthesia since 1847, and stimulated extensive researchin the field with many new anesthetics resulting. Thediscovery developed through a casual observation ofwilting and yellowing of carnations in the greenhouseof a Madison, Wis., florist. Finding that ethylene inescaping illuminating gas was responsible, Luckhardtbegan animal experiments with the gas. He was the firsthuman to test the gas as an anesthetic.He also made an important scientific contribution indetermining the function of the parathyroid glands, andwas active in work covering a broad area of physiology.As a student Luckhardt worked his way through theUniversity. He was first appointed an instructor in 1923.A Million for IR CenterConstruction of a new three -story building to housethe Industrial Relations Center will begin immediately,thanks to a one-million-dollar gift for that purpose fromCharles Stewart Mott of Flint, Mich. To be erected atthe southwest corner of Kimbark avenue and 60th street,the Charles Stewart Mott Building will provide offices,laboratories, conference rooms, and library, among otherfacilities, for the Center.Chancellor Kimpton stated that the gift "is a valuedstamp of approval on the program of the Center, andthe University greatly appreciates this splendid gift. Weenvision this building as the beginning of a great nationalmanagement center on our campus."Mott is a widely known business leader, financier, andphilanthropist, who has pioneered in relationships between education and industry. The community schoolconcept was developed under the auspices of the MottFoundation, and as a result Flint, Mich., has become aschool- centered community. School personnel and facilities have become the basic means of meeting the educational, recreational and health needs of Flint's citizens.The Industrial Relations Center, established at theUniversity twelve years ago, is engaged in research andeducation in industrial relations, business organizationand management, labor-management relations, and laborJANUARY, 1958 15Quad News continuedeconomics.Total cost of the building will be$1.3 million.Enrollment Up 7.1 PercentFull-time enrollment has increased7.1 percent over that of 1956, with theCollege showing the biggest gain.With 2,224 students, the College has271 more students than last year, anincrease of 14 percent.The graduate and professionalschools had the next highest percentage increase, 10.6 percent. Despitethe "trough" in national college enrollment in recent years, the graduatedivisions show only two less studentsthan a year ago, and the professionalschools have increased by 11.4 percent.Including University College downtown adult education division, whichincreased 7.1 percent to 2,095 students,the total University enrollment forthe quarter is 9,308.Haavelmo to LectureTrygve M. Haavelmo, Professor ofEconomics at the University of Oslo,Norway, and internationally knowneconomist, has been named the firstFord Foundation visiting researchProfessor in Economics at the University.Haavelmo is a specialist in econometrics and in the application ofmathematics and statistical analysis tothe study of economics. At present heis economic consultant to the Norwegian ministry of finance, and hasserved as chief of the national budgetbureau of the ministry of finance. Hewas at the University for one yearpreviously as a research associate ineconomics.The rotating professorship was endowed by the Ford Foundation to enable leading economists to conductresearch to their own choosing.Professor Honored by SwedenHelena M. Gamer, Professor ofGermanic languages and literature atthe University, has been awarded theOrder of the North Star by the Swedish government. The decoration is inrecognition of her contributions toScandinavian studies at the University and in promoting understandingbetween the Scandinavian countriesand the United States. Miss Gamer, while chairman of thedepartment from 1940 to 1956, established a professorship for Scandinavian studies and increased the University's offerings in the Swedish,Norwegian, Danish, and Icelandiclanguages. She has lectured at theUniversity of Uppsala and the University of Sweden.Named to Board of HealthDr. Lowell T. Coggeshall, Dean ofthe Division of the Biological Sciences,has been appointed to the ChicagoBoard of Health. Last December,Coggeshall accompanied Vice-President Nixon to Austria to study needsof refugees seeking asylum in theUnited States.New TrusteePhilip D. Block, Jr., senior vice-president and director of Inland SteelCompany, has been elected to theUniversity's board of trustees. Block,a graduate of the Sheffield ScientificSchool of Yale University, has beena director of the United Charities ofChicago since 1939, and was presidentin 1951-52. He is also a director andvice-president of the Jewish Federation of Chicago and was for twentyyears a director of the Jewish Children's Bureau.Urey to RetireHarold C. Urey, Nobel prize winnerand Distinguished Service Professorof Chemistry, is retiring from thefaculty. He has accepted an appointment at the University of California'snew La Jolla campus, beginning inJune.Urey's discovery of heavy hydrogenin 1932 helped pave the way for development of the atomic bomb. Inrecent years he has continuouslywarned that Soviet education andscientific progress were being underestimated in this country.Named Dean in CaliforniaClayton G. Loosli, PhD '34, MD '37,Professor of Medicine, has acceptedan appointment as Dean of the University of Southern California Schoolof Medicine, Los Angeles.Winner of the Commonwealth FundSenior Award for Support of CreativeResearch this year, Loosli has forseveral years been in charge of thePreventive Medicine branch of theUniversity Clinics. Adult Fine Arts ProgramThe first classes in the DowntownCollege's newest and most differentadult education effort began in November. Named the Fine Arts Program, it is a mixture of fine arts enjoyment and study. Students will visitplay rehearsals, artists' studios, and asymphony orchestra in pre-perform-ance sessions in order to observe theartistic "birth process."The program is being presented incooperation with the Art Institute, theChicago Symphony, the Lyric Opera,and other organizations. Superviseddiscussions will accompany attendance at rehearsals and performances.Classes, which meet once a week,will be limited to 20 persons. At leasttwo sessions each month will be followed by attendance at a performance or special event, the cost ofwhich is included in the tuition.To Direct Precollege EducationRoy A. Larmee has been namedDirector of Precollegiate Education,taking charge of the University's elementary and secondary schools. Aninstructor in the Department of Education since 1955, Larmee has alsoserved as business manager of theMidwest Administration Center, oneof six regional offices for research andtraining in educational administration financed by the Kellogg Foundation.Safety for Atomic WorkersAtomic industrial plants of the future will be safer to work in than conventional plants of today, according toJohn F. Ege, Jr.Ege, director of the Industrial Hygiene and Safety Division, ArgonneNational Laboratory, made the prediction at the annual fire preventionweek luncheon of the Chicago Association of Commerce and Industry.He said the three main areas ofindustrial application of atomic energywill be power reactors, radioisotopeproduction and use, and fuel fabrication and reprocessing."Workers in these fields," said Ege,"will be safer on their jobs than thosewho are now employed in many industrial plants."This conclusion, he said, is basedon experience to date, which showsabsence of accidents caused solelyfrom the fact that materials handled16 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEwere radioactive. In other words, accidents involving radioactive materialscan be traced to the same causes asthose of conventional mishaps; humanerror, and lack of technical skill."Technical skill will increase," hesaid," as unusual safety problems aremet and solved."Ege pointed out several areas inthe atomic industries of the futurewhere new safety problems may occur. Those working in fabrication andreprocessing of fuel will have to solveproblems involving possible chemicalfires."Exposure incidents," he said,"could occur in atomic shipbuilding,conversion or maintenance."On the other hand, he stated, thereshould be a minimum of safety problems in power reactor plants, becausereactors operate in much the samemanner as conventional power plants."Employees who work in chemicalseparation and processing plants willbe well protected, and well trainedby experience," he said."Perhaps the largest human exposure," Ege continued, "may come fromworking with radioisotopes. But intime, personnel will learn to handleisotopes with no resulting contamination or exposure incidents. Although,"he added, "there will be times of urgency when internal or unknown contamination of persons is suspected."Argonne's safety record, Ege said,has shown that exposures to radiationhave been well controlled."There is no reason to believe," heconcluded," that this kind of experience should not be the rule for futureisotope workers."Richard Wohl DiesR. Richard Wohl, Associate Professor of Social Science and Human Development, died November 15 inBillings Hospital. An expert on popular culture, Wohl had been appearingweekly on WTTW, channel 11, withhis program, Everybody's America.Edith Abbott HonoredContributions of Edith Abbott tothe development of social work werereviewed by three speakers, includingChancellor Kimpton, on November 13.Miss Abbott, who died July 28, wasinternationally known for her activities in social work and her role indeveloping professional education inthe field. Libby HonoredWillard F. Libby, Professor ofChemistry, now on leave of absenceto the Atomic Energy Commission inWashington, recently received theElliott Cresson Medal from FranklinInstitute, Boston, Mass., "for painstaking development of the logic andtechnique of radiocarbon dating."Memorial ServicesMemorial services for E. S. GuzmanBarron, Professor of Biochemistry,and William A. Nitze, retired Andrew MacLeish Distinguished Service Professor of Romance Languagesand Literature, were held in December in Bond Chapel. Both men diedlast summer.Atomic Bomb Tests and WeatherLowered electrical potential of theatmosphere resulting from atomicexplosions is not permanent and isnot likely to have an effect onweather. Nor will the present levelof potential interfere with radio communication.So Horace R. Byers, chairman ofthe Department of Meteorology, interpreted the significance of reportson the bomb effect on potential uponhis return from a meeting of the International Union of Geodesy andGeophysics in Toronto.Byers said the change in potentialof the atmosphere may or may notaffect lightning storms. If bomb explosions were to cease, the potentialwould return to its normal levelwithin a year.A report caused speculation thatrainfall might be affected.Lightning, Byers said, does notaffect precipitation. It is, however, thesole means of recharging the earth'selectrical system.The ionosphere, a layer of ionizedair fifty to two-hundred fifty milesabove the earth, acts as the positivelycharged plate of an electrical condenser of which the earth is the negatively charged plate. The electricalpotential or voltage of the intervening atmosphere is the measure of thedifference between the charges on theplates. This condenser leaks becausecurrent is being conducted betweenthe plates through the atmosphere.The effect of the leakage is to neutralize the charges on both "plates,"lowering the potential, or differencebetween them. Electrical discharges from the estimated three- to six-thousand thunderstorms occurring over the worldat any one time are the means ofreplenishing the charges of both theionosphere and the earth.Clouds tend to be more negativelycharged at the bottom, and morepositively charged at the top. Lightning flashes to the ground, and electrical streams to the ionosphere, produced by the discharges, provide theeighteen hundred amperes necessaryto replace the leakage through theatmosphere.The increased number of ions inthe atmosphere caused by the bombscould lead to increased thunders fromactivity.The question is whether, if electrical storms are increasing, their discharges keep pace with the fasterrate of leakage caused by bombtesting.Since radio waves travel in straightlines, they cannot unaided reach beyond the horizon. Radio broadcastsachieve great distances by bouncingoff the ionosphere. If the atmospherewas ever ionized to the same extentas the ionosphere, there would beno reflecting layer for radio waves.Such a level of ionization of the atmosphere, and so a blackout of long-range radio communication, Byerspointed out, would require perpetualexplosion of a megatron bomb everysix hours.Byers in 1951 urged the Air Forceto begin a study of atmospheric electricity "because of the impendingpossibility of changes in the electricalconditions of the atmosphere by nuclear fission of fusion products.""These products are such powerfulionizers," he pointed out at the time,"that if in the next few years a largenumber of atomic bombs are exploded, the electrical balance of theatmosphere might be temporarilymodified."Social Concern in ReligionThe fiftieth anniversary of the publication of Christianity and the SocialCrisis by Walter Rauschenbusch, wascelebrated recently with a programof speakers by the Federated Theological Faculty.The publication of the book established Rauschenbusch as the spokesman for the social gospel movementin American Protestantism.JANUARY, 1958 17The Institutes for Basic ResearchSCIENCE OPENHOUSEAnyone passing by 57th and Ellis, the Saturday- before Thanksgiving, might well have wondered, "What's going on?" A big crowd was pouring out of Stagg Field and merging with a biggercrowd on Ellis avenue, converging on the entranceto the building across the street.The Institutes of Basic Research of the Universitywere holding their annual Science Open House, towhich outstanding science students from highschools, junior colleges, and colleges in the Chicagoarea and the larger nearby cities of Illinois, Indiana,Michigan, and Wisconsin are invited. Word gotaround, however, and there were "gate crashers"from schools as far away as Iowa.Experienced as hosts, the Institutes, expectingfive hundred, prepared for eight hundred visitors.According to an unofficial count, the number thatactually attended was well over a thousand. No official count was possible since, because of the press ofthe crowds, registration finally had to be abandonedand even the extra supply of programs ran out.In all thirty demonstrations and exhibits dealingwith the physical and biological sciences were opento the students. The big discovery was summed upin the classic remark of one of the students: "Gee,whiz, scientists are human!"Archie Lieberman's camera records the events ofthe day on the pages following. ^Visitors hunt fortheir name tagsTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE-v /^#*0 '^WW-Early arrivals18>%8*S,\JANUARY, 1958BALLOON LAUNCHING-Kick off for ScienceOpen House(Left) Student assistants struggle to hold down partially inflated cosmic-ray balloons against high velocity winds. Winds, which ripped balloons off theirmoorings and forced cancellation of balloon flight,failed to dampen interest of crowd gathered in StaggField for launching. Surrounded by crowd (above),David Haskin, Research Aide, Cosmic Ray Laboratory, takes over where winds left off to answerquestions on cosmic-ray studies and research21v.Ai%>^-::/!.>: :0: '""Sii^w."if-'" •?•Wh4 WIS;OPKIN HOI si:contimu'd-:'^:^'Yoteng mam tries hislungs at glass blowing 'S^^PSS522 ;^g^^^0^^VSuperi?ite?ide)it ranHesperi 0/ GZa.ss S/i-opdemonstrates /lis art GIASS BLOWINGFOH THESCIENTISTOops/ TIi ereshe blows23jfliiiaThey told Tne to expect thirty; it looks more like ahundred," comments Professor Urey, while inside,his assistant Peter Eberhardt demonstrates process used in determining the age of meteoritesAssociate Professor Bergdoll, Food Research Institute, describes how to forestall the hazards of food poisoninginyiK1, PPPnpf MPRAPTf'RiA Uf prf("\t i\! i )\ PC T CNT I ALTOXIN CONTAININGBACTERIAL FILTRATEPRODUCED WITHORGANISMS FROM PfOFIS~.MC''¦S^V:.-OPEN HOUSEcontinued. ¦•, ¦".**.¦.. r-\. . LECTURES.... *-,.-xv-r- --vs* •¦.. t>''S; *ifeS^ AND)EMONSTK\TIONSProfessor John Simpson of the Institute for NuclearStudies briefs group on the earth satellite program£p^^v .....P-^«#' - ^-^i ;¦ •• &¦ fi sm^'-, I *$? -S^^%$f'* ! * ^£<i*>"w.•.¦¦?i?0^?-";^'OPEN HOUSEcontinuedSCIENTISTSOFTOMORROWScience student traces footprints ofnuclear particles recorded on film Future scientist c.v(rmincs modelof the world's first atomic pile'i^£V; ¦°j#.tP^iP--.,;¦ irf ¦ P ¦'¦ f -P -'¦" ." "l*:!^xi!»%§»- ¦¦¦'* '.P'-:-v ;Ppi' PP'P 7 .-- &V*r- ^¦HvV' "'¦-..-C:'-"% .'x'*T>^.M v'P'- ;'¦'¦* .\'*v: . .'.¦ .; ¦-. .¦¦ ^"^^ .^CP^^pp^r'V;fc'--r;;¦" ....'P"/p;' ;'¦¦"."'" ..M." 'sl^SS; 5l^?|iSp;!(."- S--TPP-:- x&*&. '*i*C*iii^r)fy'fr?:'-' *$#¦'Portrait of Enrico Fermi dominates Common Roomwhere guests gather for refreshments and to continue discussions with scientists and faculty membersI'boto^Tuphs by Atvhi*' TJ^luTmanReflections seen at close of theday in full-scale model displayedof the U. S. earth satellite tobe launched in Project VanguardSCHOOLS continued from page 9"Let us eliminate the extremists ofthe liberal arts crowd who believe agood liberal education uncontaminat-ed with methodology is desirableand their opposite numbers among theeducationists who prefer more professional education courses, rather thanfewer."Good, functional four-year collegeeducations should be the lot of contributing citizens. I would devoteseven semesters to general educationand one semester to learning how toteach."We used to require in a universitycollege of education either three orsix semester hours of tests andmeasurements as part of the requirements for graduation. Tests and measurements still have their place, butthe useful part for most teachers canbe gained as part of a seminar."A generation ago professors of education who taught methods of teaching geography spent much of theirtime teaching geography. One of mycolleagues now teaches Methods ofTeaching Mathematics, required forcertification in some states, and thestudents complain that he teachesmathematics all the time. A professorof English may bootleg in a littlemethodology. An excellent liberal artsprofessor of English discovered thatlesson plans which he insisted on forhis English major expecting to teach,means units of work in the teacherscollege. A seminar for professorsmight be helpful."After four years study and twoyears of experience, Hill would havethe practicing teacher return forgraduate work and further professional study.Clarence Faust of the Fund for theAdvancement of Education suggestedteacher training institutions enlargetheir ideas and practices "so that instead of providing a single road intoteaching marked by required coursesin professional education and leadingsimply to one kind of teaching certificate, they would direct and coordinate a wide range of programs alongappropriately different paths."His suggestion carried the implication "that teachers for the high schoolof the new era would not in ability,preparation, or function be cast inone mold" and that the high schoolstaff "would include many members of the community not now drawn into its services."Faust asserted arrangements for relating teachers to students are stillin the horse and buggy stage."The sheer pressure of numbers willforce us to reconsider them. The biggest school in the biggest city is ineffect simply a collection of little redschool houses. In a kind of egg cratearrangement, we provide one teacherfor every thirty students, requiringthat teacher to perform all the choresof the teacher in the little red schoolhouse except attending of a potbellied stove."The teaching profession is the onlyprofession which has not participatedin the professional revolution of thelast fifty years in which the professionally competent person is relievedby technicians and aids of nonprofessional chores."Some Approaches to BetterUse of the Teaching StaffYear-round schedules, non-professional assistants, and electronic aidsare being utilized and studied in anumber of schools as a means of moreeffective utilization of the teachingstaff.J. Lloyd Trump, professor of education at the University of Illinois,said, "More and more schools areproviding employment for teachersduring the long summer vacationperiod to instruct students, supervisecreative and recreational activities,work on curriculum and evaluation,and perform other professional services. Although schools have notfound much success in operating afull program of classes on a year-around basis, the present trend in thatdirection seems likely to continue andexpand in scope."Trump, who is also director of theCommission on the ExperimentalStudy of Utilization of the Staff inthe Secondary School of the NationalAssociation of Secondary SchoolPrincipals described dozens of experiments aimed towards more effective teaching.In Richmond, West Virginia, lastyear, he said, bus drivers were usedto aid one class in behind-the-wheel-training, while the regular teachersupervised the classroom work.Driving tests by the state departmentof public safety later showed thisgroup to be more skilled drivers thanone taught only by a teacher, though both groups were equal in theirknowledge of driving. The bus-driverhelped program also cost $1,400 lessthan a smaller program the previousyear.Alexander Ramsey High School inRoseville, Minnesota, a suburb of St.Paul, faced with increasing enrollments in science and fewer facilitiesper pupil, opened its laboratories atactivities periods and after school andon Saturdays, and drew on seniorsand graduate students in nearby colleges and universities, and sciencepersonnel in local industries for help.No cause and effect relationship isimplied, Trump stated, but it mighthave been more than coincidence thatRamsey pupils entered thirty -nineexhibits in the science fair last springand walked off with seven first placesand seventeen honorable mentions —more awards than received by anyother school in the state or by Ramsey in any previous year.Newton (Mass.) High School isusing trained contract teacher assistants for correcting of English themes.Beecher, Illinois, is using a noncertif-icated assistant to supervise therelatively small library in its smallhigh school. The assistant supervisesthe library under the direction of acertificated English teacher and anextension specialist from the libraryschool of one of the major universitiesin the state."The assumption that teachers areutilized best when all classes are keptto the same size is also being studied,"Trump disclosed."In Newton, Massachusetts, andSnyder, Texas, starting with Englishand science respectively, teachers areworking to discover what content maybe taught effectively to much larger,and in some instances smaller, groupsof students than the traditionaltwenty-five. Class size in these schoolsis changed in relation to the purposesand content of instruction."Leyden Community High School,Franklin Park, Illinois, is experimenting grouping students in classes onthe basis of individual characteristicsrather than ability and/or interests.Last year in Evanston TownshipHigh School beginning typing andtenth grade English- speech weretaught almost completely by television. Student achievement was generally satisfactory, Trump said.Continued on page 2928 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINESCHOOLS continued from page 28Trump also cited tests with fivegroups of students in the WestsideJunior High School, Omaha, Nebraska, where "on the basis of statisticalevidence," he said, "it is apparent thattape recordings can be used as aneffective method of teaching conversational Spanish to seventh gradestudents." The test indicated teachersuntrained in the language can teachit by using such tapes."Another approach in the use ofrecordings is that in Newton, Massachusetts, where long-playing phonograph records in beginning Frenchare being locally prepared by teachersso that students will be able to takehome with them assistance in homework. A set of eighteen or twentyrecords will be made so that a studentwould have one side of a record aweek for out-of-school preparation."Alexander J. Stoddard, consultantto the Fund for the Advancement ofEducation, said experiments thus farwith television generally lead to theconclusion "that both the breadth anddepth of sensations and their relationships can be increased materially,with this means of communication,beyond anything in the past."Currently in progress is an extensive experiment designated as theNational Program in the Use ofTelevision in the Public Schools. Included in the experiment are theschools systems of nine large cities,one large county unit, nineteen medium-sized cities, and more than ahundred small communities in twostates.Innovations in High School CurriculumA great many ideas are beingtried in the American high schoolcurriculum, not enough time andmoney are being allowed for planning,and there is danger that America willgo overboard for some of the experiments, according to Robert S. Gilchrist. Superintendent of schools inUniversity City, Missouri, Gilchristlisted hundreds of innovations in thehigh school curriculum.Many high schools are recognizingthat high school students should havean opportunity to continue theirgrowth in reading and that the English Department should not assumethis responsibility alone, he said.Changes in emphasis in tests indicate more attention to objectives thatgo beyond subject matter acquisition. UNIVERSITY NATIONAL BANK1354 East 55th Street" f4 AttOttf fautA"MemberFederal Deposit Insurance CorporationMUseum 4-1200Phones OAkland 4-0690—4-0691 — 4-0692The Old ReliableHyde Park AwningINC. Co.Awnings and Canopies for All Purposes4508 Cottage Grove AvenueMODEL CAMERA SHOPLeica - Exacta - Rolleiflex - Polaroid1342 E. 55th St. HYde Park 3-9259NSA Discounts2 Day Color DevelopingHO Trains and Model SuppliesCHICAGO ADDRESSING & PRINTING CO.Complete Service for Mail AdvertisersPRINTING— LETTERPRESS & OFFSETLetters • Copy Preparation • ImprintingTypewriting • Addressing • MailingQUALITY — ACCURACY — SPEED722 So. Dearborn . Chicago 5 • WA 2-4561SARGENT'S DRUG STOREestablished 1852Chicago's most completeprescription and chemical stockphone RAndolph 6-477023 N. Wabash AvenueChicagoAs an example, he cited the recent announcement by the Educational Testing Service of a new test designed tomeasure school progress in terms ofwhat students can do with theirlearning rather than what they learn.Some experiments are calling forgeneral reorganization of the highschool. For example, Gilchrist pointedout, in Fairfield, Connecticut, a year-old experiment in creating the "campus school" has met with early success. Under this plan, a large schoolis divided into four smaller schools,with all students sharing the generalfacilities, such as gymnasium.Most of the experimentation is going on in the classroom itself, withnew methods of teaching being triedContinued on page 30 CLUB NEWSComing AlumniEvents VariedL here is no lack of variety in activityfor Alumni Club members, judging fromthis year's programs. Among forthcoming and past events are the following:CLEVELAND — Lee H. Miller, MBA'54, in charge of this year's program, advises the next meeting will be a familyouting on January 18.The Cleveland club teed off with a picnic on September, followed by a talkon October 29 by Frederick Robbins,Professor of Pediatrics at Western Reserve University, on polio research. OnNovember 21, the group met for dinnerand then saw a demonstration of theIBM-700 computer at the Standard OilCompany's office.LOUISVILLE — Alumni meet forluncheon at the Watterson Hotel on thesecond Friday of each month. Nancy(Gault) Linton, '47, is program chairman.WASHINGTON, D. C.-Alumni in thenation's capital were guests at a reception at the Embassy of Mexico on November 21, the third of a series of highlysuccessful embassy parties.ON CAMPUS— Alumni are asked toreserve Saturday, February 1, for anopen house for the athletic program ofthe University. The Order of the C willannounce plans later this month.SHERRY HOTEL53rd Street At The LakeComplete Facilities ForTraining Groups — Sales MeetinqsBANQUETS— DancesCall Catering. . . . FAirfax 4-1000Producersof PrintedAdvertisingin ColorAround the ClockMilton H. Kreines '27101 East Ontario, Chicago 11WHitehall 4-5922-3-4JANUARY, 1958 29SCHOOLS continued from page 29and with more teaching resources being used.Vocational Education Re-examinedGeorge B. Leighbody, associatesuperintendent for instructional services, Buffalo, New York, stated jobsin the future will demand a level ofpreparation considerably morethorough, complete, and technicalthan has ever been required.While, he said, "there will be acontinuing expansion of vocationaleducation at the post -high schoollevel, yet it would be a serious mistake to suppose that the need foroffering vocational preparation in highschool will diminish. ,fHe cited a U.S. Department ofLabor report that estimated that by1970, the demand for vocationaleducation would be at twice its present level."The typical worker of the future,excluding those who can be unquestionably classified as professions, willbe the technician, male or female, andthe connotations of this word will bebroadened.'Automation means a massive upgrading of the skills required by theentire labor force of this country. Theunskilled worker of yesterday has already disappeared from the industrialscene, never to return. Already theprocesses have begun which will upgrade the semi-skilled and the skilled machine operators of today into thehighly skilled and knowledgeabletechnicians of tomorrow."In terms of the future," Leighbodycontinued, 'Vocational education inthe high school will become almostwholly technical education in thesense of a truly technical high school,not an 'escape program" where theterm vocational means only non-academic."Youth enrolled in vocational curriculum^ will participate simultaneously in the same full program ofgeneral education available to allyouth; vocational curriculums will beplanned so that they can, at one andthe same time, become terminal interms of full-time attendance forthose who so desire, and preparatoryfor higher education for those desirous of and capable of going further.u It will not be enough to preparesolely for the first job, because thefirst job, and most succeeding jobswhich the worker of tomorrow willhold, will change radically and often,"he said.Guidance and Pupil Personnel ServicesThe growing number and kinds ofoccupations and the lengthening preparatory programs fY>r each have allput pressure on correct choices.Kenneth W. Lund, superintendentof schools, Oak Park -River Forest(111.) High School District, pointedout, iklt is no longer possible to tryone professional field and switch toanother without losing much time.money, and experiencing frost ration."'High school guidance departmentscan no longer be regarded like firedepartments— -called on only in emergencies, he said. "High school guidance, today, involves all students andteachers, as well as parents.Superintendent of Education William Henry Shaw of the MuscogeeCounty Schools, in Georgia, addedthat community leaders can be* asplendid source of information.Shaw said. "Every school systemshould institute a guidance serviceextending beyond graduation," andproposed a personnel service to thosein the upper secondary levels similarto that furnished in many industries,Shaw expressed the belief that theterm, high school, may go beyond thepresent twelve years of public schooland will include grades thirteen andfourteen on the community level. High School-College RelationshipClyde Vroman, director of admissions, University of Michigan, suggested good guidance to students contemplating college might help the highschool and college relationship.Students, parents and the publicconfuse the purposes and roles of thehigh schools and colleges, he said."The major objectives of secondaryeducation include both general education and specialized education. College education likewise has an obligation for general education andspecial education," he explained, "butit also has additional purposes andcharacteristics. Students are youngadults; attendance is usually by permission of the college; most collegestudents are preparing for special occupational fields and, therefore, havevery definite goals and needs."Most complex aspect of the problemof high school-college relationship liesin the great differences in the size,nature, purpose and control amongboth the high schools and the colleges."Great numbers of our citizens holdthe simple concept that any studentshould be able to move from any highschool to any college as easily asmoving from one grade to another inhigh school."Insofar as a college has specialpurposes and objectives not attainableh\ all high school giaduates of thiscountry, it must select and admit onlythose students for whom it has appropriate- instructional programs andonly those who have reasonable probability of success in these programs,"he said.Analyzing impressions and accomplishments of the three days proceedings, Henry Toy, Jr., president of theNational Citizens Council for BetterSchools, reminded tht? educators andlaymen present that no blueprint wasintended.Rather, he said, it was hoped theconference would prod and awakeneducator and layman alike to fake 4*anew look at our secondary schools,"Toy noted the educators presentseemed more open-minded and lessdefensive than at any conference inhis experience."1 did not say the former attitudewas completely absent; 1 mean toconvey that there was marked improvement.'"30 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEa Nass i\eursO I - I R Bish°P R- R- Wright, Jr., BDvH " 1 ** ^ AM »04> has been chosenpresident of the Council of Bishops ofthe American Methodist EpiscopalChurch, and appointed superintendentof the fifth Episcopal District of thatchurch. He has moved to Long Beach,Calif.Maurice Mandeville, PhB '02, was honored on his 80th birthday with a reception at the home of his son Richard inMountamburg, Ark. Mandeville, who attended his 50th year reunion in 1952,would be pleased to hear from any ofhis former friends in and around theUniversity.A. A. Holtz, PhM 11, DB 12, PhD 14,Emeritus Professor of Sociology andEconomics at Kansas State College, washonored recently by the Kiwanis club of Manhattan, Kan., for ''outstanding service to his community." He was theleader and developer of the annual K-state labor-management conference, secretary of the College YMCA, and alsoserved as a minister,H. R. Baukhage, PhB 11, is still lecturing for the Redpath Bureau. He hasrecently returned from Europe where hegathered material on the new GermanArmy. The September issue of CurrentHistory contains an article by him on"Foreign Aid and American Strategy/Clifford H. Moore, AM 15, PhD '25,Professor Emeritus of History at RiponCollege, Ripon, Wis., is serving as professor of History at Hiram College,Hiram, Ohio, while the department hea,d,Paul Miller, is in Ceylon on a Fulbrightlectureship. l v-3v/ PhD >38f who for years hadbeen with the Psychiatric Institute ofChicago's municipal court, moved toPhoenix, Ariz., on August 1, to becomeconsulting psychologist in the ArizonaState Department of Health. Except aboutsix days a month, she travels the stateand enjoys every sun-drenched minute.Last spring Agnes spent four months recovering from a major operation. Shereports that Arizona is doing wonders forher health.Beryl Parker, PhB 16, has joined thefaculty of Bucknell University, Lewis-hurg, Pa., as Professor of Education. Hehas taught in elementary schools, at theUniversity of Miami, and at Fisk.Anna E. Boiler Beach, PhB 17, director of the Nutrition Clinic at Presbyterian-St. Luke's Hospital, Chicago, hasbeen named recipient of the highesthonor in the field of dietetics, the Marjorie Hulsizer Gopher Award, in recognition of distinguished service to thedietetic profession. She was first executive secretary of the American DieteticAssociation, later treasurer and presidentof that organization.©©©©©©©©©©©©© SPECIAL REPORTm%.*?£=& Mr.„ JOHN B. COOK NEW YORK LIFE AGENTLANSING, MICHIGANSS-' BORN: April 5, 1927.EDUCATION: Michigan State College, B.A., 1951.MILITARY: U.S. Navy, South Pacific Area 1944-5.^ife .S|p%!fe. PREVIOUS EMPLOYMENT: Salesman, national manufacturer¦^5.----.;.--:v.v- Qf consumer and industrial products.REMARKS: Former industrial salesman John B. Cook joined New York Life'sLansing, Michigan, Office on September 1, 1952. In the little more than 5years since then, this young Navy veteran's impressive sales record hasqualified him for the Top Club — an honorary organization of sales leadersfrom the Company's field force of more than 7,000 representatives. In 1957John Cook, for the second consecutive year, received the National QualityAward from the National Association of Life Underwriters. Truly an excellentrecord and one which is a good indication of John B. Cook's future successpotential with the Company he represents.$z John B. Cook, after five years as a New YorkLife representative, is already established in acareer that can offer security, substantial income,and the deep satisfaction of helping others. Ifyou'd like to know more about such a career for yourself with one of the world's leading lifeinsurance companies, write;NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE CO.College Relations Dept. F-7SI Madison Avenue, NewYork 10, N.Y.JANUARY, 1958 31Sidney M. Weisman, SB 17, has beenelected executive director of the LosAngeles Modern Forum, which duringthe next few months will present a seriesof speakers. Robert M. Hutchins andMortimer Adler will give a colloquy on"The Revolutions of Our Time," andRalph E. Lapp will speak on "Scienceand World Affairs."The series, to be held at Beverly HillsHigh School, also schedules DanielSchorr, January 17; Hutchins and Adler,January 31; Barbara Ward, February 28;J. B. Rhine, March 7; and Lapp, April 11.Dr. Waltman Walters, MD '20, head ofa section of general surgery in the MayoClinic and Professor at the University ofMinnesota, presented the tenth JuliusFriedenwald Memorial Lecture at theUniversity of Maryland on October 17.Norman Wood Beck, AB '23, PhD '41,was promoted to Professor of SocialStudies at New Jersey State Teachers'College on September 1. He was Chairman of the 9th Annual Conference ofCollege Teachers of Social Science heldat his college last March, and is generalcoordinator for the program next year.Dr. Jessie M. Bierman, MD '27, Professor of Maternal and Child Health atthe University of California, has recentlyreturned from a tour of duty with theWorld Health Organization of the UnitedNations. "Health is one problem nationsagree on," she said, "and W.H.O. is ashining example of international co-operation and achievement."She was W.H.O. 's consultant to India,and Chief of the Maternal and ChildHealth Section in Geneva. Also, sherepresented W.H.O. at a seminar on thestatus of women, held last year in theSoviet Union. In describing some ofW.H.O. 's work, Dr. Bierman cited theproblem of developing high protein foodsfor people in India, many of whom areforbidden by their religion to eat eggs orother needed foods. Also, she said,W.H.O. is trying hard to develop replacements for foods which will no longergrow in worn out soil, such as that ofEgypt.Eleanor Metheny, SB '28, writes thather latest book, The Trouble with Women(with James Paterson, a marriage counsellor at the University of Southern California) is coming out of Vantage Presson December 9. Otherwise, she says,she's still "professoring" at the same oldSouthern Cal lectern.Ruth B. Mack, '28, has recently beenmade Principal of the Sherman School inChicago. She is also happy, she writes,to say that her son, Herbert, entered theUniversity as a junior this fall. 31-37 GeorSe Hu£h Barnard, PhBD I ~D I ,30) JD ,31j former memberof the tennis and track teams, haschanged his outdoor recreational activities to boating. George practices law inChicago in partnership with his brother,Morton John Barnard, '26, and is marriedto TV star Mary Hartline. They own abeautiful and well-known yacht whichMary and George skipper themselves.Donald H. Dalton, SB '31, has beenappointed chairman of the American BarAssociation's Section of Judicial Administration Public Relations Committee. Heis an editor of the District of ColumbiaBar Journal and the Federal Bar Journal,a professor at Southeastern University,and well known in legal public relations.Earl V. Pullias, AM '31, for 17 yearsDean of Pepperdine College, Los Angeles,Calif., has resigned that position to accepta post as Professor of Higher Educationin the School of Education at the University of Southern California.Julian D. Weiss, '31, JD '33, generalpartner of the First Investment Co. inLos Angeles, is using the leisure he"doesn't have" to teach economic reasoning at U.C.L.A. The course is so popularthat many are turned away. In additionto being a professional investment counsellor, he writes articles for variousfinancial publications.William B. Graham, SB '32, JD '36,JD '36, president of Baxter Laboratories,Morton Grove, 111., has been electedpresident-elect of the American Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association.Since 7865ALBERTTeachers' AgencyThe best in placement service for UCollege, Secondary and Elementary.wide patronage. Call or write us at liversity,Nation-37 South Wabash Ave.Chicago 3, III.ZJkeLxcluHve CleanetAWe operate our own drycleaning plantTHREE HOUR SERVICE1331 East 57th St. 5319 Hyde Park Blvd.Midway 3-0602 NOrmal 7-9858Office & Plant1442 East 57th Street Midway 3-0608 Sherman William Brown, PhD '33, hasmade a distinguished record on thefaculty of Knox College, Galesburg, 111.,where he has taught for 19 years. He isProfessor of Modern Languages.George Mann, AB '34, who has made acareer of making science understandableto the public, has been appointed publicrelations director of Case Institute ofTechnology, Cleveland. For six years heserved as scientific publicity man for theUniversity of Chicago, handling themedical and nuclear fields.Shirley Warsaw Weiss, '34, is in chargeof music at the Sawtelle Veterans' Hospital in Los Angeles. She was also thefounder and is the current president ofPortals House, a charitable institutionwhich provides a re -adjustment home formen discharged from mental institutions.Portals House, founded in May, 1955, wasrecently featured in an article in theLos Angeles Mirror News. Shirley is thewife of Julian D. Weiss (see news under1931).Arnold L. Rustay, SB '35, nationallyknown metallurgist, has been advancedto technical director of the eastern division of Wyman-Gordon Co., Worcester,Mass.Philip C. White, SB '35, PhD '38, manager of research at Standard Oil of Indiana, has recently announced the settingup of a committee in that companydesigned to welcome "orphan ideas"brought to it by scientists who can't selltheir immediate superiors on the valueof the ideas. Every research directorknows that the scientist with bright ideasis not necessarily good at selling them,especially if the ideas aren't in his ownparticular field. Unless he knows hisemployer will give serious considerationto such brain-children, he tends to stopoffering them, White feels."Everyone," he points out, "likes totalk about his children, especially hisbrain-children. The new committee hasbeen set up to listen. So, it should provestimulating."Irvin E. Lunger, AM '35, DB '36 PhD'38, has been named President of Transylvania College, Lexington, Ky. An outstanding educator, Lunger has beenProfessor of Religion and the AcademicDean of Transylvania. From 1952 through'55, he was a leader in the Hyde ParkCommunity Renewal Program. He is alsoa popular speaker, and twice has beenthe radio preacher on CBS's Church ofthe Air.Richard F. Kinnaird SM '36, of Ridge-field, Conn., has been appointed chiefengineer of optical research and develop-32 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEment for the engineering and opticaldivision of the Perkin-Elmer Corp. Inthis position, he will be responsible forthe research and development of newmethods and means for solving opticalproblems, including the development ofphotographic lenses, special optical devices and military optical systems.Kinnaird joined Perkin-Elmer in 1940.He has been involved in a great many ofthe company's projects, both commercialand military, from a standpoint of opticaland mechanical design. He is a memberof the American Physical Society andthe American Astronomical Society.Reuben E. Wood, SM '37, of theNational Bureau of Standards, is currently directing a study of solid waxelectrolytes in an attempt both to construct new types of batteries and tolearn more of the basic properties of suchelectrolytes.2Q 47 Mamie L. Anderghon, PhB3°~ * ' '38, SM '48, of Oak Park, 111.,spent 1956-57 in India on a Fulbrightscholarship. He worked with the All-India Council for Secondary Education,and also received the Delta Kappa Gamma Lambda State Foreign Fellowship.Mary M. Murphy, AM '38 PhD '52, haschanged jobs. From State Colony, Woodbine, N. J., she has gone to the MentalHygiene Clinic of the Hospital for Mentally Retarded, Stockley, Del. She isa clinical psychologist.A. Louise Hinkley, AB '38, is in chargeof special services for the BaltimoreCounty Public Library, Maryland. Herdepartment prepares displays and publicity, and handles audio -visual materials.Eugene T. Mapp, '38, has joined theInspection Division of the ChicagoOperations Office of the U.S. AtomicEnergy Commission.Ralph A. Stretz, '38, is on leave fromMiami University in Ohio, where he isAssociate Professor of Government. Forthis year he is Visiting Associate Professor of Political Science at New YorkUniversity.Hiram L. Kennicott, Jr., SB '38, hasbeen appointed administrative assistantto the senior vice-president in charge ofunderwriting for the Kemper Insurancecompanies. He is married and has threechildren: Hiram, 16; David, 11; andSusan, 9.June Sark, AB '40, AM '41, was marriedon June 1, to Bernard Heinrich, a Northwestern alumnus and for many yearsgeneral office manager of Admiral Corporation. Mrs. Heinrich is director of the Oak Community School and Workshopfor the Mentally Retarded in Oak Park,111.Dr. Holger Spaabeck Mouritsen, MD'42, has opened an office for the practiceof general surgery in Richmond, Calif.Elsie Drechsler, '43, married HarringtonJames Pierce last May. He is an attorney and a De Paul graduate.Rev. Harrold K. Shelley, '43, left theparish ministry on October 1 to becomeregional director for the Southern NewEngland Unitarian Council. He is doingchurch development, and placement ofministers, in Massachusetts, Connecticut,and Rhode Island. He and his wifeElizabeth have three children: Karen, 12;Eric, 10; and Greg, 5.Samuel Clark, AB '43, has won a FordFoundation for International RelationsScholarship to study in India for a year.He is now in Africa on a safari in Kenyaand Tanganyika with Alan Jacobs, aUniversity of Chicago anthropology student working with the Masui tribe onhis PhD thesis.Dr. Justin A. Aalpoel, SB '43, MD '45,is chief resident in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery at University of OregonMedical School.John K. Diederichs, '43, is manager ofthe Engineering Economics Research Department of the Armour Research Foundation of the Illinois Institute of Technology. He directs research in industrialand nuclear economics.PHOTOPRESS, INC.OFFSET-LITHOGRAPHYFine Color Work a SpecialtyQuality Book ReproductionCongress St. Expressway andGardner RoadCOIumbus 1-1420POND LETTER SERVICE, Inc.Everything in LettersHooven TypewritingMultigrapningAddressograph Service MimeographingAddressingMailingHighest Quality Service Minimum PricesAll Phones: 219 W. Chicago AvenueMl 2-8883 Chicago 10, IllinoisPARKER-HOLSMANReal Estate and Insurance1461 East 57th Street Hyde Park 3-2525 James G. Hodgson, PhD '46, becameEmeritus Director of Libraries of Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo ,on July 1, and is now Chief, LibraryBranch, Quartermaster Food and Container Institute for the Armed Forces,Chicago. On August 10, he married Magdalene Freyder, who is the librarian ofthe American Medical Association andeditor of Quarterly Cumulative IndexMedicus.John K. Robinson, '47, married Caroline Heller on June 21 in Bond Chapelon campus. They are living in San Francisco, where he is Director of Internshipin Public Affairs for the Coro Foundation.John H. F. Hoving, AB '47, has beenelected vice-president of the board ofdirectors of the Air Transport Association, Washington, D.C. He will be incharge of public relations. He has beena reporter, a partner in a public relationsfirm, and assistant to the chairman of theDemocratic National Committee.48-S2 Rev* Raymond L- Holly> '48>became rector of the Churchof the Holy Spirit (Episcopal), in Brooklyn, N. Y., on July 1.James H. Evans, JD '48, and Fred C.Ash, JD '40, were elected to vice-president and secretary-treasurer, respectively, of the R. H. Donnelley Corp. inJuly. Ash was also appointed generalcounsel.Evans will function as assistant general manager, located at the company'sNew York division. Ash, who incidentally was once Assistant to the Dean ofthe University's Law School, will continue to work in Chicago.Michael J. Nagy, '48, '53, a special processes engineer for Ford Motor Co., isalso president of the Hungarian Societyin Chicago, which has headquarters inthe Sheraton Hotel. In December of1956, he was executive director of Hungarian Tag Day in Chicago, which collected $127,500.John Buettner-Janusch, PhB '48, SB'49, AM '53, and his wife, the formerVina Mallowitz, PhB '48, SB '49, are bothemployed at the University of Michigan,where he received his PhD in anthropology in June. He is on the staff of theLaboratory of Physical Anthropology,and she is senior biochemical technicianin the Atomic Energy Commission Laboratory.Dr. Padriac Burns, AB '48, has left forJapan to serve his two years in the ArmyMedical Corps. He will be practicingpsychiatry.JANUARY, 1958 33Louise Van Horn Sukys, AB '48, writesthat she and her husband, Elvin D.Sukys, AB '40, are now living in Rockford, 111., where he is director of industrial relations at the J. I. Case Co. Sheis enjoying Rockford, and has joined theLeague of Women Voters there. Theyhave two children, Gail, 2, and Glenn, 6.Ralph J. Wood, Jr., '48, of the Sun LifeAssurance Company, earned the 1957National Quality Award presented jointlyby the Life Insurance Agency Management Association and the National Association of Life Underwriters in recognition of quality life underwriting service.Ralph's district includes the Universitycampus. He has been the spark for theveterans' reunions on campus.Lawrence Levine, PhB '48, AM '51, hasrecently joined the staff of the Fels Institute of Local and State Government,at the University of Pennsylvania.Bernice Wienrank, '48, married ElmerRexin on June 1. They are both interested in rocks, and he also is an amateurseismologist, having a well that registersearthquakes.Roy A. Berg, '48, SM '50, was marriedin January to Kirsten Schindel Joergen-sen, a registered nurse from Denmark.He is employed at Lockheed Aircraft inPalo Alto, Calif.Grace Musselman, '48, received a Master of Public Health degree from theUniversity of Michigan in June, and isnow employed as educational director inthe Bureau of Nursing, Department ofPublic Health, Springfield, 111.Roger T. Grange, Jr., '48, is curator ofFort Robinson Museum, which is abranch of the Nebraska State HistoricalSociety near Crawford, Neb.Martin F. Sturman, '48, has recentlybeen appointed a visiting investigator atthe Rockefeller Institute. He will be aDazian Fellow there. The P.S. to his notereads: "Still single."Jacque K. Boyer, PhB '48, AM '51, hasbecome assistant director of personnelfor the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.He was formerly project supervisor withthe Public Administration Service.George O. Braden, '48, is a sales promotion supervisor for All State Life Insurance Co. He writes that he is incharge of eleven western states and "theRepublic of Texas."Stuart Hamilton, MBA '50, has beenpromoted to assistant auditor of the Northern Trust Co., Chicago. He is marriedand has two children. C3 C"7 Harold F. Rosenbaum, ABJD~J I >53j MBA >55j is serving histwo years obligated service in the Navyand will be discharged in June, 1958. Heis at the School of Aviation Medicine,Pensacola, Fla.Zave Hillel Gussin, AB '53, AB '54, JD'56, became the father of a boy, AlanJacob Gussin, on October 28. Zave, nowstationed in Arlington, Va., is serving asa first lieutenant in the Army until December of 1959.John E. Crew, SB '52, SM '53, hasjoined the x-ray section of the Atomicand Radiation Physics Division at theNational Bureau of Standards. He willbe engaged in fundamental research onthe interactions of electrons with matterin the energy range 0.5 to 1.4 Mev.Charles M. Herzfeld, PhD '51, has beenappointed chief of the Heat Division atthe National Bureau of Standards. Hewill be responsible for the bureau's program of maintaining temperature scales,standards of viscosity, heat capacity, heatof combustion, the primary standards fordetermination of the octane number ofautomotive and aviation fuels, and forsupporting research in various fields ofmolecular physics. This work fulfills oneof the bureau's primary functions in providing science and industry with a fundamental basis for precise measurementsof heat.Herzfeld formerly served as acting assistant chief of the division, and prior tothat was consultant to the chief formathematical and theoretical physics andphysical chemistry. In this latter capacity, he carried out theoretical investigations on systems containing free radicals,in a study that helped lay the groundwork for the bureau's present extensiveprogram in this field.Joseph B. Lattyak, MBA '52, a supervisor with U.S. Gypsum, has been transferred to that firm's Chicago administrative accounting department asadministrative assistant, according to anannouncement made by C. F. Axelson,AB '37, MBA '37, USG's controller.Mrs. Jane Schrier Schmidt, AM '54,headed a 20 -member committee in hertown of Rockford, 111., recently, whichwas appointed by the mayor to plan thetown's observance of United Nations'Week. Booths were set up in all shoppingareas, and a speaker's bureau, displays,and programs were held in all schoolsand churches.Abraham William Berger, PhD '55, andhis wife became the parents of twins,Sarah Jane and Deborah Ann, on October15. They live in Chattanooga, Tenn. Dr. Arnold K. Brenman, MD '55, acaptain in the U. S. Army, has beenassigned as pediatrician at RodriguezArmy Hospital, Fort Brooke, P. R. Brenman was serving his internship at Temple University Hospital in Philadelphiabefore entering the Army in July 1956.He was last assigned at Valley ForgeArmy Hospital, Phoenixville, Pa.Robert Smith, S. J., AM '56, is teaching Latin and English at the BrophyCollege Preparatory Jesuit High School inPhoenix, Ariz. Scheduled to teach in the"land of winter sun for three years,"Smith hopes to study theology and ultimately enter the priesthood.Wilford F. Weeks, PhD '56, is nowAssistant Professor of Geology at Washington University, St. Louis, after havingspent the last two winters in Labrador,Baffin Island, and Greenland as a member of one of the first U.S. researchteams to study the strength of ice overthe ocean for landing airplanes. Thegeophysicists there knew their calculations were accurate, Weeks said, whennone of the heavy airplanes they hadlanded broke through the ice. C-124Globemasters, weighing 168,000 poundseach, have been landed on sea ice stripsrecommended by the geophysicists.Working with dogsleds and helicopters,the scientists spent one winter at Thule,Greenland, where temperatures range to35 degrees below.John E. Frey, PhD '56, has been appointed Instructor in Chemistry at Bow-doin College, Brunswick, Maine. Whilea student at the University he did research on the reactions of diboronte-rahalides for the Office of Naval Research.Kathryn Kellogg, DB '57, married Eastwood Atwater on September 28.ROCKEFELLERcould afford to pay $6, $7, $8, $9 andmore for vitamins. Can you? Our comprehensive 20 element formula supplies ALLvitamins and minerals for which need hasbeen established, plus 6 others, yet costsless than half the price of "name" brands.Why? Because we buy direct from themanufacturer. You save the commissionsof 4, even 5, middlemen. As to quality,MacNeal & Dashnau vitamins are made bya reputable 4-A pharmaceutical manufacturer established since 1833. They are unconditionally guaranteed to meet all FDAand government standards. Your moneyback without question if you are not completely satisfied. 100 capsules, over threemonths' supply, $3.15.MacNeal & Dashnau(AM '52, U of Chicago)P.O. Box 3651Philadelphia 25, Pa.34 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEMemorialKate Anderson Ellsworth, SB '96. diedOctober 29, in Quincy, Mass.Dr. Frank II. Harms, PhD '98, MD '10,died September 15, in Augusta, Ga.Dr, Roy William Pence, MD '01, diedOctober 18, in Harlingen, Tex.Milton H. Pettit, PhB '02, of San Diego,Calif., died October 12, in Washington,D.C. His wife, Zertholf Pettit, is PhB '06,and his son, Milton, Jr., is PhB '32.Gertrude Caswell Spaulding, AB '03, aretired English teacher, died October 1.She taught at Greely High School,Greely, Colo., from 1918 until her retirement in 1948. For many years shewas head of the English Department.Her husband, Dr. William F. Spaulding,Rush MD '02, died in 1934.Dr. William M, Hartman, MD 03, ofMacomb, 111., died October 13, of acoronary occlusion.Dr. John Hunt Shepard, Rush MD '04,died September 4, in San Jose, Calif.Dr. Joseph S. Eisenstaedt, SB '07, seniorattending urologist at Michael Reesehospital, Chicago, died October 26 in hishome.Roscoe L. Fairchild, PhB '07, died September 26, of a heart attack. He retiredin 1955 from ministerial and social service.Dr. Herbert O. Lussky, SB '09, MD 16, |died September 26. He had practiced jpediatrics in Evanston since 1919. During most of that time he also taught pediatrics at Northwestern University Medical School, and he was on the stall oiseveral Chicago area hospitals.Dr. Louis W, Sauer, MD 13, PhD '24,writes that " 'Herb' Lussky was quiet,congenial, unassuming, and intenselydedicated to his profession until the veryend of his long and fruitful life. Hissuperior training, vast experience, andsound judgment made him an outstanding authority in infant feeding, especially of the prematurely born infant, and akeen pediatric diagnostician. We whowere intimately associated with him andknew him so well mourn his passing,and shall ever miss him."Ruth Leggett McKee, AB 10, of St.Paul, Minn., died September 9.Alva W. Taylor, AM '11, of Louisville.Ky., died in September. He was a retired minister of the Disciples of ChristChurch. He was interested in the wel-JANUARY, 1958 35BEST BOILER REPAIR&WELDINGCO.24 HOUR SERVICELicensed • Bonded • InsuredQualified WeldersSubmerged Water HeatersHAymarket 1-79171404-08 S. Western Ave., ChicagoWasson - PocahontasCoal Co.6876 South Chicago Ave.Phone: Butterfield 8-2116-7-8-9Wasson's Coal Makes Good — or —Wasson DoesLEIGH'SGROCERY and MARKET1327 East 57th StreetPhones: HYde Park 3-9100-1-2DAWN FRESH FROSTED FOODSCENTRELLAFRUITS AND VEGETABLESWE DELIVERSince 7878HANNIBAL, INC.Furniture RepairingUpholstering • RefinishingAntiques Restored1919 N. Sheffield Ave. • LI 9-7180BOYDSTON AMBULANCE SERVICEAuthorized Ambulance ServiceFor Billings HospitalOfficial Ambulance Service forThe University of Chicagophone NOrmal 7-2468NEW ADDRESS-1708 E. 71 ST ST.RICHARD H. WEST CO.COMMERCIALPAINTING and DECORATING1331W. Jackson Blvd. TelephoneMOnroe 6-3192PENDERCatch Basin and Sewer ServiceBack Water Valves, Sump-Pumps6620 COTTAGE GROVE AVENUEFAirfax 4-0550PENBER CATCH BASIN SERVICE fare of children in the remote mountainsections of Kentucky and Tennessee, andformed the national organization, Savethe Children Federation.John Vruwink, 14, MD 16, Los Angelesphysician and, in his college days, astar football player, died November 19,1957.Geoffrey Levinson, PhB 15, JD 17, ofChicago, died recently. He was an attorney for over 30 years.Irving T. Gilruth, JD 17, member ofthe Chicago law firm of Gregory, Gilruth& Hunter, died August 11, 1957. Mr.Gilruth did his undergraduate work atOhio Wesleyan. He kept in touch withthe University faculty through his membership in the Chicago Literary Club.Sahak M. Chuchian, AM '20, of Bakers-field, Calif., died in October.Ruth A. Miller, PhB '21, died October14, in Denver, Colo.Mervyn C. Phillips, '22, died in Octoberin Ottumwa, Iowa. He was a vice-president of Griffith Laboratories.Roger P. Behan, PhB '26, of Indianapolis, Ind., died October 11.Clara Elizabeth Sohn, AM '31, died inJackson, Mich., on October 21. She hadtaught at Western Michigan College, hadbeen the principal of two high schoolsin Jackson, and had been a remedialreading teacher.Esther Victoria Zumdahl, PhB '31, diedOctober 8. She was a medical socialworker at Illinois Research Hospital.We have just learned of the death ofLester Joseph Sklenar, SB '42, in June,1953, in Erie, Penna. He was well-knownfor civic activities in his home community of Oak Park, 111., and was especiallyactive in Boy Scout work.Bruce W. Dickson, Jr., '42, died August11. For ten years he had been administrator of Bethany Hospital in KansasCity, Kans., and had many improvementsin the hospital to his credit, includinga new wing. In 1954 he was chosen"young man of the year," by the JuniorChamber of Commerce. His civic andvolunteer activities were many, and hisimpact on health problems in KansasCity was great.Marian L. Cantlin, AM '48, died ofabdominal cancer on April 8, in RockFalls, 111. GEORGE ERHARDTand SONS, Inc.Painting — Decorating — Wood Finishing3123 PhoneLake Street KEdzie 3-3186Webb-Linn Printing Co.Specializing in theproduction ofSCIENTIFICMEDICALTECHNICALBOOKSMOnroe 6-2900YOUR FAVORITEFOUNTAIN TREATTASTES BETTERWHEN IT'S.,{ Swift & CompanyA product of \\ 7409 So. State StreetPhone RAdcliffe 3-7400t. a. rehnquist co Sidewalks/ Factory Floors/ MachineFoundationsConcrete BreakingNOrmal 7-0433GIVE TOTHE ALUMNI FOUNDATION36 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEJProbing the atom.. .for youAtomic scientists are finding exciting usesfor the boundless energy of the uranium atomEVERY DAY BRINGS the benefits of atomicenergy closer to our daily living. It presents a new tool and a new field of exploration for scientists all over the world.A longer, healthier life is hopefullyahead as the controlled rays of the atomare first used to pin-point and then todestroy malignant tissues. Radiationstudies of how plants absorb nutritionfrom sun and soil are showing the wayto improved food supplies. And otherresearch indicates that it may soon bepossible to store irradiated foods indefinitely— without using refrigeration. These are but a few of the vitaljobs being done by radioisotopes— materials made radioactive by exposure tosplitting uranium atoms. Radioisotopesof such elements as sodium, iron,and iodine are created in atomic furnaces or reactors at Oak Ridge . . . thegreat atomic energy center operated byUnion Carbide for the Atomic EnergyCommission.The people of Union Carbide willcontinue their pioneering research anddevelopment in atomic energy to bringvou a brighter future.UCC's Trade-marked Products include STUDENTS AND STUDENT ADVISERS: Learn more about career opportunities with UnionCarbide in ALLOYS, CARBONS,Chemicals, Casks, and Plastics. Write for "Products andProcesses" booklet K-2. UnionCarbide Corporation, 30 EastI2nd St., Xew York 17, V. K InCanada A1 nion Carbide CanadaLtd.. Toronto.Union Or BIDE SiliconesELECTROMET Alloys and Metals CRAG Agricultural Chemicals EVEREADY Flashlights and BatteriesPrest-O-Lite Acetylene Synthetic Organic Chemicals Prestone Ami-Freeze }\\\ nes Stellite Alloys Linih: OxygenVisrinc Food Casings Bakelite, Vinylite, and Krene Plasties National Carbons Visqueen Plastic Film Pyrofax GasMassachusetts Mutual announces—Premium Rate Reductions—Lower Rates for Larger Policies—Additional Savings for WomenMassachusetts Mutual is now offering nearly all ofits life insurance policies at lower premium rates.Also, you save when you buy a larger policy! Therate per $1,000 steps down when you buy a $5,000policy . . . further down on a $10,000 policy . . . stillfurther down on a $25,000 policy. Why? Because ourhandling expense per $1,000 is lower on larger policies.For women, there are important additional savings.Massachusetts Mutual has made women three yearsyounger than men— in terms of life insurance premiumrates.* Why? Because women live longer than men.And the Massachusetts Mutual policy contractscontinue to be outstanding for their quality,flexibility, and liberality.Ask your Massachusetts Mutual man to show you whatour new premium rates can mean to you in year-after-year savings and in security for your family. Or callour General Agent listed under "MassachusettsMutual" in your phone book.*In a few states, because of statutory limitations,women will pay the same premium rates as men, but will receivehigher dividends under our 1958 schedule.%yfiaddacm^^LIFE INSURANCE COMPANYSPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTSThe Policyholders' Company