'Ch>¦MM 111* ? I 11 1^I u.ft**. y \«Wmm******%**\1^^wmesciioui*h«* Inaugural Address. . . Lawrence A. Kimpton Revolution in Shakespeare Criticism. . . Fredson BowersClearing the track of clickety- clackYou can ride in comfort on longer-lasting rails because the song of the track is being stilledLike the paddleboat whistle on the river, the clickety-clackof wheels on rails is on its way to becoming a memory.This familiar clatter and chatter has been like music tosome of us when we travel. But it's been a headache toothers . . . particularly our railroads.Wheels pounding on rail joints cause jolting and wear aswell as noise. And wear means expensive repair or replacement of rails and the bars that connect them.ELIMINATING RAIL JOINTS-'Ribbonrail" is becoming important news because it provides a way to solve thehigh cost of joint maintenance by eliminating the jointsthemselves. .RAILS BY THE MILE-"Ribbonrail" is formed by welding the rails together under pressure in the controlled heatof oxy-acetylene flames. The welding is done on the job before the rails are laid . . . and they become continuous ribbons of steel up to a mile or more in length.Mile-long lengths of rail in use may seem impossible be cause of expansion and contraction under extreme changesin weather and temperature. "Ribbonrail" engineering hassolved this problem . . . reduced rail maintenance cost, andcreated the comfort of a smoother, quieter ride.A UCC DEVELOPMENT-"Ribbonrail" is a developmentof the people of Union Carbide. It is another in the longlist of achievements they have made during 40 years ofservice to the railroads of America.STUDENTS and STUDENT ADVISERSLearn more about the many fields in which UnionCarbide offers career opportunities. Write for thefree illustrated booklet "Products and Processes''which describes the various activities of UCC in thefields of Alloys, Carbons, Chemicals, Gases, andPlastics. Ask for booklet B-2. tUnion CarbideAND CARBON CORPORATIONSO EAST 42 ND STREET |||a|a1 NEW YORK 17. W . V. UCC's Trade-marked Products of Alloys, Carbons, Chemicals, Gases, and Plastics include Prest-O-Lite Acetylene • Linde Oxygen • Prestone and Trek Anti-Freezes . Bakelite, Krene, and Vinylite Plastics • Synthetic Organic ChemicalsNational Carbons . Acheson Electrodes • Pyrofax Gas • Haynes Stellite Alloys Electromet Alloys and Metals • Eveready Flashlights and Batteriesrfi/etno f^adDrinking from a hydrantSunday, September 16th, was a beautiful day for flying and a picnic. WithChancellor Kimpton and George Watkins,new director of development and publicrelations, we boarded a Chicago plane forCleveland and a picnic.For 16 years the alumni of northernOhio have been the annual guests of Trus-Lee Cyrus Eaton at his Arcadia Farms, southeast of Cleveland. This was the day A.D.,1951.On the loose with his camera at the Cleveland picnic, Homeland Barcalow, '41, linedup Kimpton, Eaton and Watkins — got yourSecretary to join the group with the agreement that Kay Herbolsheimer Oppmann,'38, appear with her crazy bamboo-toweredMexican hat.At his home, for a pie-picnic lunch,host Eaton had invited the presidents (andwives) of the major universities and colleges of northern Ohio, including John S.Millis, '24, SM '27, PhD '31, and wife, ofWestern Reserve.Later, with over 500 seated at the picnictables, Kimpton said that if the alumnithought of the University as cold andaloof, they were mistaken and the University will do what it can to correct this.George Watkins, who has been learningthe many administrative ramifications ofhis Alma Mater since September 1, remarked: "It's like trying to drink out ofa fire hydrant going full blast."After the picnic, Kimpton and Watkinsflew on to New York to meet with the lawgraduates in that eastern metropolis.Kimpton in NovemberThe Inauguration gone with the Octoberleaves, Chancellor Kimpton expressed adesire to meet Chicago alumni. For themoment it must be an in-and-out of theoffice program so he will der his meetingin the Midwest. Alumni in the followingfour cities should keep their calendarsclear on the following evenings:Minneapolis-St. Paxil: Monday, Nov. 12.Lloyd P. Johnson, '23, JD '25, is in chargeof local arrangements.St. Louis: Thursday, November 15. JudgeIvan Lee Holt, Jr., '35, JD '37, club president.Detroit: Wednesday, November 28. W. W.Visscher, '14, club president.Milwaukee: Friday, November 30. FredD. Jenkins, '36, club president. PROVE ITHere's a parlor game— or you can playit solo. If you like this new feature, you'rein for a series.The words or phrases are from the new,two-volume Dictionary of Americanisms(University of Chicago Press) . There aresome real foolers here; you'll swear theyappeared before the dates listed. Prove it!Editor Mitford M. Mathews is not fooledinto thinking he always has earliest dates.If you find earlier printed-dated proof, ifwill help him with revisions. This willtake you to your old readers, cook booksand magazine files.You needn't send the volume. Quote orclip the excerpt showing how the word orphrase is used. Add title, author, page,and date of book, magazine, or othersource.AWARDS: If you are the first to provean earlier dale, we will send you yourchoice of any book listed elsewhere on thispage. Indicate your choice and mail tothe Alumni Office, 5733 University Ave.Editor Mathews will be the final judge ofproven earlier dates.DATE THE AMERICANISMFollowing each word or phrase, checkone of the three dates you think it firstappeared in print. Answers: at bottom ofnext page. Score: 20 correct— you're wonderful: 17— excellent: 15 or less— the Dictionary must be wrong.Savings1. Behind the eight ball 1894-1924-19442. From soup to nuts 1888-1918-19383. Put up or shut up 1878-1918-19384. Thumb one's nose 1896-1916-1936Ente) tainment5. Blues singer 1901-1911-1931Ii. Ferris wheel 1884-1894-19147. Oscar (movies) 1916-1926-1936S. Soap opera 1909-1929-19399. Stereopticon 1863-1883-1903](). Walkathon 1912-1932-1942Peopl e11. Jaywalker 1907-1917-193712. Joe Doakes 1905-1925-194513. Hobo 1889-1909-191914. Public enemy 1904-1924-193415. Paul Bunyan 1894-1914-1924Hi. Pixilated (adj.) 1848-1898-1928On and off the road17. Jalopy18. Parking ticket19. Road hog'20. UnderpassFood21. Hominy22. Oleomargarine23. Hot dog24. Wiener roast 1909-1929-19391927-1937-19471893-1913-19331899-1909-19291634-1734-18341873-1903-19331914-1924-19341910-1920-1930 Education via TVJohn P. Barden, '35, JD '38, dean (aswe remember it) of Cleveland College'sNew School of General Studies, has just inaugurated a TV-classes-for-credit programover a local television station— a first inthis field. Viewers who register at regularmatriculation prices, receive printed materials and take final examinations forfull credit. The education world is watching from the edge of its chair.Dean Strozier in OctoberDean of Students Robert M. Strozier,on an assignment for the State Department, made a quick swing through Utahand Los Angeles in October. He was theguest of the two clubs in these areas asfollows:Salt Lake City: Wednesday, October 24.Dr. George A. Cochran, Rush MD '17, clubpresident.Los Angeles: Monday, October 29. DelvyT. Walton, JD '24, club president.Omaha's going away partyLast winter, in cities from Los Angelesto Boston, we appointed student counselorsto help in student promotion.The program had three points: 1. Interview and encourage prospective students; 2.Provide a cordial send-off in ihe fall; and3. During spring vacation, entertain students from campus and new prospects fromthe local community, for a continuingcycle.Sparked by Mrs. Grace E. Festersen, '35,alert and attractive Omaha chairman, thisNebraska city is batting 1000.At the Festersen home, in September,four new students, their parents, and fivereturning students, were entertained at a"going-away" party as guests of the Omahacommittee.The father of one of the students is inadvertising. This may help to explain thefine University publicity given to the event,including pictures and a story in the WorldHerald.Members of Grace Festersen's committeepresent at the reception: Phyllis E. Savage,'44; Dr. Lester D. 'odell, '34, MD '38 andwife Celia Earle, '41 and II7. Edward Clark,•2.1.AMERICANISM AWARDSYour choice of any one of the followingbooks for each of the earlier dates yousupply in Date the Americanism elsewhere on this page.1. REVEILLE FOR RADICALS bySaul Alinsky ($2.50). Democracy can bemore than a word.2. LAY MY BURDEN DOWN by BenA. Botkin ( $3.50 ) . A folk history ofslavery.3. WOBBLY by Ralph Chaplin ($5.00).Rough and tumble story of an Americanradical.4. A HOUSE IN CHICAGO by OliviaH. Dunbar ($3.50). The William VaughnMoody story.5. MIDWEST AT NOON by GrahamHutton ($3.50). Former head, BritishInformation Service in Chicago; his Midwest reactions.6. AMERICAN DAUGHTER by EraBell Thompson ($3.00). Lively and wholesome personal history of first Negrofamily in Iowa community.In the familyZens L. Smith, associate professor andsecretary of the physical sciences, anticipating eventual retirement, decided to drive toFlorida and purchase a home in Winterpark. Did we have an alumnus in the areawho might help him meet the right non-shyster realtor? We recommended John S.Masek, '23, who operates a wholesalenursery.Professor Smith returned singing (almostshouting)' the praises of Chicago alumniand John in particular. Mr. and Mrs.Smith were entertained like royalty in theMaseks' attractive lake-front home, andthrough John's contacts, purchased a "perfect" home for future retirement.W anted: a supersonic reflectoscopeThe mystery of the man who "was jacketing hot dogs and badly needed a supersonicreflectoscope," and the story of the mostdangerous journey ever taken by PresidentConant of Harvard are two episodes inChancellor Kimpton's inauguration daylunch speech. Mr. Kimpton's first day inoffice consisted in part of delivering threeaddresses comprising some 7,800 words. Thefirst of the three is printed in this issueof the Magazine. Sandwiched betweenthe serious inaugural address and theequally serious evening speech to Chicago'scitizenry was the luncheon account, vergingon the hilarious, of how Mr. Kimpton arrived at the chancellorship. Together withpicture and other coverage of the inauguration, it will be found in the Magazine'sDecember issue.The CremationIf inaugurations at Chicago were heldevery fall, like the World Series, therewould have been less confusion in planninga smooth-running affair.It wasn't possible to invite all membersof the Alumni Association, of course, butyour representatives were there, from theCabinet and the Senate.In the light of all the hectic preparations, the best quip to come out of theplanning was from Mrs. Kimpton. In aninterview with Joan Beck, of the ChicagoTribune's Women's section, Marcia Kimpton explained:"We used to call it the inauguration,"recalling the the six months the ceremonials have been in preparation. "Then wecalled it the coronation. And now I thinkof it as the cremation."— H. W. M.ANSWERS TO AMERICANISMSYou were in the soup in 1889.Remember, it must be in print.You called his bluff in 1876.Maybe a War I influence.Jolson did Jazz Singer in '27.First on our Midway, of course."Reminds me of my Uncle Oscar."Horse opera (movies) : 1941.Movies hit the print in 1913.The Depression, remember?He was a Reub (Rube) in 1896.Joe must be older than this.The jungle appeared in 1908.You might win a book on this.What! That can't be right!Long before Mr. Deeds.Hot rod in next edition.Did you get one earlier?Even before automobiles (1895).Superhighways came later (1927).The hominy man appeared in '93.Now you can get it colored.The ball park was ready in 1899.Wiener was in business in 1867.1. 1944.2. 1938.3. 1878.4. 1916.5. 1931.6. 1894.7. 1936.8. 1939.9. 1863.10. 1932.11. 1917.12. 1945.13. 1889.14. 1934.15. 1924.16. 1848.17. 1929.18. 1947.19. 1893.20. 1909.21. 1634.22. 1873.23. 1924.24. 1920. ^bushed i«|8'CHRISTMAS GIFTSthat are distinctive andnot generally obtainable elsewhereAt the sign of the Golden Fleece you will find, thisChristmas Season, gifts that reflect the uncompromising standards of quality and workmanship whichwe apply to everything we make and demand ineverything we sell.We have an unusually wide selection of gifts forMen and Boys that are of good taste . . . that areunusual ... and (what is so important to both thegiver and the recipient) not generally obtainableelsewhere.And of course Brooks Brothers5 Gift Certificate. . . the finest gift of all.Our 36-page illustrated Christmas Cataloguewill he sent ufon requestESTABLISHED 1818Men's f urnisbings, (fats ^r jfhoes346JVIADIS0N AVENUE, COR. 44TH ST., NEW YORK 17, N. Y.74 E. MADISON ST. NEAR MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO 2, ILL.BOSf ON • LOS ANGELES • SAN FRANCISCONovember, 1951(/-JOOK5by Faculty and AlumniIN DEFENSE OF THE NATIONALINTEREST: A Critical Examination ofAmerican Foreign Policy, by Hans J.Morgenthau. New York: Alfred A. Knopf,1951. Pp. 283. $3.50.This book is so good that the reviewerwill not try to outline its argument. Everyone still hopeful of maintaining peace, andthat must include all of us, should readit. The argument is in brief that ourinterests properly understood require aneffort at overall negotiations with the Russians, of the sort consistently urged byWinston Churchill since 1948. A secondary,though very important theme, is a systematic and devastating criticism of thecourse of action which we have recently followed with respect to east Asia, particularlyChina.1Instead of sketching the course of theauthor's arguments on these two mainthemes, of which an outline could onlyserve to give a dull and weakened impression, the reviewer would like to use hisspace to develop a difficulty he feels withone part of the argument. To put itcrudely, while the argument is an excellentone, its premises are unsound, and unsoundin a way which makes it possible that theywould lead to quite unsound conclusionsin other applications. This is of course notto say that the author's argument contains a logical flaw or that it is presentedin anything but a very effective manner.Unsound premises may under some circumstances lead quite logically to sound conclusions, and their statement may provideopportunity for a much more effective argument than could be based on premiseswhich would stand critical examination.It is when some new factor is introduced,or some new twist given to familiar words,that the unsound elements which they contain may lead to trouble. Nothing that issaid should obscure the reviewer's admiration for the present book; but an explora-1A third theme, whose adequate discussionwould distract us from the main point, is therelationship between our political and constitutional institutions and our foreign policy. Onthis theme, the reviewer is in almost completedisagreement with the author. The author's position is that the scheme of checks and balancesworks badly in its effect on the conduct of ourforeign policy, and that the influence of domesticpolitics on foreign policy has led to degenerationof a marked order in some of the importantfeatures of the present Administration's conductof foreign affairs. One may, however, think thatthe opposition in Congress led by Senator Tafthas exerted a healthy moderating influence onthe Administration's attitude toward Europe;while Senator Taft's recent aberration in joining the advocates of military conquest in Asiais but one expression of a surge of public opinion which would have had its effect regardlessof the constitutional distribution of powers between Congress and the President. The interplayof domestic politics and foreign policy has produced strange effects in other administrations.For example, President Roosevelt's appeal to thedesire for peace in his 1940 campaign, at a timewhen the interests and emotions committed towar were certain of their gratification, is asstriking an American example of lack of candor asthe reviewer can recall. It has, indeed, a parallelin President Truman's treatment of foreign policy in the campaign of^ 1948, and we maydoubtless expect a repetition of this tribute tohuman ambivalence in the months just ahead. Itseems to the reviewer that the Polish lobby,strong on its own account and strengthened byits ecclesiastical affiliations, did us even moreharm in preparing us for the outbreak of conflict over Poland in February or March of 1945,than the harm which the Chiang lobby has donein recent months. tion of differences seems more fruitful here,than an emphasis on agreement.The position of the book is that rationalregard for "the national interest" is andhas been in the last century or two theconstant and distinguishing feature of greatstatesmanship in foreign affairs. The meaning of national interest is indicated in theauthor's sentence on page 223: "The statesman must think in terms of the nationalinterest, conceived as power among otherpowers."Unfortunately, the author's use of illustrations of the successful application of hisconcept of statesmanship seems to the reviewer unconvincing. He offers us Hamilton's statement in opposition to war on theside of France against England duringWashington's administration as an exampleof American statesmanship characteristicof the man and the period. Nevertheless,Hamilton later drove John Adams fromoffice because Adams refused to turn theundeclared naval war with France into adeclared war. John Adams himself— evenmore than John Quincy Adams— would bea better example of psychologically shrewdpolitical thinking than Hamilton; and hedescribed in extraordinarily modern termsthe unrecognized passions which accompany the pursuit of political power.IN DEFENSE OF THENATIONAL INTERESThere reviewed by ProfessorMalcolm Sharp, is becomingone of today's most talked-ofbooks on U. S. foreign policy.HANS MORGENTHAU, itsauthor, is professor of politicalscience and director of the University's Center for the Studyof American Foreign Policy.Jefferson, in the next period, is praised[or preserving shrewd instincts even whileusing dubious ideological language. Jefferson is praised particularly for recognizingin 1812 the importance of England as acounterbalance to France. Jefferson2 had,however, already aligned himself, in writing to Madison, with those forces whichbrought us into the War of 1812 on theside of France in a venture which resultedin our one war that was a military defeat.Jefferson was on most issues fascinatinglyambiguous, but Hamilton was a forthrightleader in collision with the equally forthright Adams. Jefferson and Hamilton wereboth improvisers in foreign policy, subject—like our contemporaries— to the temptations of unexpected opportunities and theebb and flow of political feeling.So Winston Churchill, the author's particular model, can be understood in different ways. It may be that the famous skillcharacteristic of nineteenth century Britishdiplomacy was in fact a kind of folly whichwas safe only when England had great-For Jefferson's views on war in general,doubtless among the ancestors of the views presented here, and on the War of 1812 in particular, see the brilliant study by ProfessorDaniel Boorstin of the University's Committeeon Social Thought; THE LOST WORLD OFTHOMAS JEFFERSON. (Henry Holt and Co.,1948.) 174-177 (281 nA) , 189 (294 n.59). Whatever reservations one may have about the philosophy of Mr. Boorstin's book, everyone interestedin American thought should read it. economic and naval strength, but whichdisclosed its inadequacy in the career ofChurchill.3For he was responsible for the mobilization of the British fleet, beginning thatlast desperate week which led to the warof 1914; a war fought over the preservationof the Austrian Empire, whose disappearance Churchill has deplored as a major disaster. Mr. Churchill was a member of theBritish Cabinet in 1919 and 1920, andthough his biographers between the twowars tended to minimize the circumstance,he did not use the power of his oratoryto oppose the Versailles Treaty, assuring thehumiliation and eventually the resurgenceof Germany.He did not, and perhaps could not, effectively oppose the British capitulation tothe Poles in 1939, which prevented theBritish from making a move, then expectedby many, to balance the augmentedstrength of Germany by using Russia as acounterweight. While Churchill recallshis statement of May 4 (followed by theprejudged debate of May 19) in favor ofcooperation with Russia, he does not recordpressing it, as he pressed other issues. Thethreat finally implied by the dispatch of asecond-rate British delegation to Moscowin the summer of 1939 was finally answered,as we all know, by the Russian alliancewith the Nazis, from the Russian point ofview an anticipation of the anti-Russiancoalition which the British moves led themto expect. Finally, by promoting tensionin Greece as early as 1944 and by his ill-calculated Fulton speech, Mr. Churchillfirst stimulated and then perpetuated thecold war which he himself has since 1948so urgently insisted on negotiating.The classical examples of a rational pursuit of the national interest defined as"power" tend to confirm what one mightexpect from general reflections on thecourse of history. The rational pursuitof national power turns out to be an improvisation which may be extraordinarilyshrewd and skilful in detail, but which issubject always to a somewhat better thanfifty percent chance of disaster. This chanceis due to two causes. The first is that allthe players are shrewd and skilful in thegame of diplomacy. It is a kind of bridgegame, and bridge— as one heretic has said—"is a good game for an active mind withsMr. Churchill's "Gathering Storm" containsreflections on the war of 1914, the VersaillesTreaty, and the destruction of the Austro-Hun-garian Empire (pages 7-11); and the breakdownin the application of balance of power theory in1939 (especially pages 362-365, and followingpages). The reviewer well remembers discussionin 1938 and 1939 in the United States amongwell informed voters, in which it was taken forgranted by defenders of British policy, thatBritish support for Germany would soon becorrected by British cooperation with Russia.More recently the reviewer found a Britishlabor leader and a Tory financial journalist recalling vividly that both had the same expectation, and were baffled by the events. Mr. Churchill's clear warning on the point in May of 1939is not as surprising as his failure to push it,in comparison with his activity in pushing hisviews on other matters. This, more even thanSpain, much more than Munich, was the greatConservative mistake of the 1930's; and it didnot take hindsight to see it, or even to appreciate • — nearly — its gravity. The GatheringStorm" also contains (pages 538-539) a clearrecognition of the understandable fears whichcontributed to the attack on Finland by Russiain December, 1939. Mr. Churchill himself understands both the Nazi-Russian agreement of 1939and the attack on Finland in 1939, quite differently from the way in which event's are generally understood in the United States, at least.Yet he has played on American hatreds, whichivere greatly stimulated by these events, withoutmoderating their influence; and he has thuscontributed, particularly in his Fulton speech, tcthe obstacles to the policy of general negotiationwhich he now advocates.2 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE"Nothing that is said should obscure the reviewer's admiration . . .but an exploration of differences seems more fruitful ...."nothing it in." The second reason for thebetter than fifty percent chance of failure,is that diplomacy is also unlike bridge, andits difference is perhaps more importantthan its similarity. It is a game which isplayed with passions that are even strongerthan the passion for power.The passion for power may express itselfin business rivalries, in games, in the muti-farious contests between lawyers. It is anindispensable part of any society at allcomplicated. It is entirely healthy. It canbe quite good natured.Throughout history something else appears to have complicated the relationshipsbetween independent communities and political organisms, whether these be primitive tribes, city states, the Roman Empireand its neighbors, the medieval Church andthe medieval emperors, or the nation stateswhich have gone further in abolishinganarchy than any of their predecessors.Anarchy persists in international relationships and the explanation appears to thereviewer to be that some passion, whichmay be called the destructive passion forwant of a better name, is added to thepassion for power.Mr. Morgenthau's argument itself illustrates the difficulty. At one point the reviewer was distressed by what appeared tobe the author's acceptance of the view thatRussia was peculiarly guilty as a breakerof the Yalta agreements about Poland andCentral Europe. The author appeared tobe falling into the "utopianism, legalism,sentimentalism and neo-isolationism" whichhe so effectively criticizes as defects in ourforeign policy since the war of 1939.In fact, he quietly corrects this impression by observing later that internationalagreements not only lack some of the narrower characteristics of contracts, but havenot even that mark of psychological dependability which serves to distinguish thepromise. Though he does not put it thisway, it is familiar "international law" thatevery treaty contains the implied clause"rebus sic stantibus", things remaining thesame.Things never remain the same. Thenecessity for large oil shipments may beregarded as releasing the United States in1940 from its treaty obligations limitingthe loading of tankers. The advent of aVice President and then a President who asa Senator, on June 23, 1941, had threatenedthe Russians with a counter-alliance in casethey should start winning, may well haveaffected Russian thinking. ParticularlyCRUZ DAS ALMAS: A BRAZILIAN VILLAGE. By Donald Pierson, AM '33, PhD'39, Smithsonian Institution, Institute ofSocial Anthropology, Publication No. 12.246 pp. Paper: $1.50.Donald Pierson, of the Escola Livre deSociologia e Politica, Sao Paulo, has madeanother "of his meticulous studies of aBrazilian community.This time he moved his staff of assistants and graduate students into a clay-baked house in a hill village of 331 soulsa score or so miles from Sao Paulo. Here,for a year and a half, they lived and recorded the intimate experiences and absorbed the historical background of thepeople.Don and his wife, Helen, with studentsfrom the university, don't miss a thing.They report everything from longevity to when the Vice President became President,and when he and his western European colleagues took to scolding their Russian confreres, the Russians may well have observed a change in conditions which mightseem a sufficient ground for disregardingthe arguable obligations of the vague"agreements" referring to Poland and central Europe.All this Mr. Morgenthau recognizes (onpages 142-146), in rather special language,as Mr. Acheson and Mr. Churchill haverecognized it, in rather special language.Mr. Churchill, for example, says of theRussians, "They will keep bargains aslong as it is in their interest to do so,which might, in this grave matter, be along time, once things were settled." Mr.Morgenthau observes that no nation keepstreaties where vital interests are at stake.In fact treaties affecting vital interests mayreasonably be read only as present andquite possibly temporary expressions ofpresent working arrangements.Mr. Morgenthau corrects himself, indeed.Nevertheless, the tone of his first referencesto Russian breaches of agreement echoes,if it does not express, the American condemnation-hatred reaction. Such a reaction is quite commonly a form of thatpassion which continually complicates therational consideration of the national interest as power.The neglect of this passion seems to thereviewer the major defect in Mr. Morgenthau's argument. There is, however, oneother defect, which, unlike the previousone, could easily be taken care of by verbalrestatement. In the end, after effectiveground-clearing criticisms of American policy, Mr. Morgenthau's main affirmativeargument is that we should negotiate inthe interest of protecting ourselves fromatomic warfare. This seems to the reviewer a rational argument. It is, however, an argument based not on power aseither Mr. Morgenthau or his models haveunderstood it, but on safety or security.The reader may make his own definitions,but the psychological interests involved aredifferent. Mr. Morgenthau could doubtlessby rephrasing take care of this objection,but he would find himself faced then withthe more serious difficulty which has already been explored. It may be that ourrational "interest" is in safety, and that our"instinctual" or "emotional" interest is inpower, but we have still another "interest"which may be still greater.We may desire "power" in the sense ofthe making of charcoal; from the dog tooutbuildings; from etiquette to humor andthe native epigrams ("Ripe fruit at theside of the road either has a worm in itor is sour").With 138 photographs and numeroussketches, the book is fascinating reading,even for laymen— H. W. M.LIBERAL LEARNING AND RELIGION.Amos N. Wilder (ed.). New York: Harperand Bros., 1951. Pp. 338, $3.75.This volume is certainly one of the mostvaluable of the many recent contributionsto the increasingly important discussionsconcerning religion and higher education.Prepared by the officers and members ofthe National Council on Religion in Higher Education, the book commemorates the domination of other people, so stronglythat we are quite willing to risk ratherlarge-scale destruction. Along with our desire for peace and our interest in security,we seem indeed to have also an interestin destruction which supplements the interest in power and makes the rational pursuitof power the most irrational and perilous,but perhaps the most thrilling of undertakings.An illustration of the passion for destruc-toin seems to appear strikingly in Russianforeign policy. The ideology of the present rulers of Russia in words treats economic interests as the controlling factorsin history and the only rational concern ofpolicy. Moreover the skilful foreign policyof the earlier czars, powerful but still relatively weak among the great states of theworld, has been followed by the Communists, who have given us thus far anexample of the shrewd pursuit of interestdefined as power. Nevertheless in relationto both objectives, Communist theory andpractice alike show, thinly veiled, anotherinfluence. If economic interest, in any limited sense of the words, had controlledeither Russian or American policy, weshould long ago have had agreements providing for the resumption of the trade between West and East which each needs sobadly, protected by the stabilizing influenceof world law. If the Russian interest in"power" as it appears in daily life werereally controlling, it would have led to thesame result. The hatred for authority expressed in the Marxist documents is . supplemented not only by a desire for imperialpower, but by a different passion, whichone would be more inclined to call pathological if it were not so universal a featureof relationships between independent human groups.Mr. Morgenthau's theory is superior tothe theory of those who expect rational considerations, benevolent dispositions, homely interests in physical and economic well-being, and the fear of death toovercome of their own force the fascinationof war. Nevertheless, it seems to the reviewer that Mr. Morgenthau's theory itselfleads to further problems of motivation,whose examination might hurt but wouldprobably help the cause of peace and servethe national interest, not defined simplyas "power."Malcolm P. SharpProfessor of Law.25th anniversary of the Council's first annual conference.The excellence of the essays is exceptionally uniform. The authors are not onlycompetent in their own fields but havealso had the advantage of intercommunication with representatives of other disciplines. Equally important is the depth atwhich this cooperative inquiry has beenconceived and executed. The editor declares that "the most fundamental problem and the one with which this volumeis largely concerned is that of presuppositions, criteria and values." (p. viii) Thewriters have succeeded in keeping this concern foremost.Moreover, there is a fundamental unityof outlook which gives coherence to thesymposium. The contributors' orientationNOVEMBER, 1951 3to the Hebrew-Christian faith is definiteand positive, but they express as well a willingness to learn from "secular" sources.Their attitude toward the relation of religion and higher education, while criticalat specified points, is basically constructive.The context for the main discussion isprovided in the editor's foreword and inthe single chapter of part I, an account byThornton Merriam of religion's place inhigher education during the past quarter-century. Part II deals with the religiousand valuational issues involved in the basicareas of the curriculum. E. E. Aubrey relates religion and science positively, not bytrying to harmonize possibly contradictoryconclusions, but by examining basic premises, particularly with regard to epistemol-ogy. Aubrey finds significant commonground between science and religion attheir best in the recognition of the complexities and limitations of knowledge. Theantipositivist note is clearly sounded. Similarly, the issues of religion in relation tothe humanities and social sciences are considered by Douglas Knight and WalterMuelder. Roger Shinn contributes the onlychapter on a specific discipline (history).The third part surveys certain aspectsof the academic community as a whole.Victor Butterfield discusses the present situation of liberal learning. Bernard Loomer describes the "mind of the university"as ignorant of religion, impoverished by itsdevotion to specialized competence, andlacking in intellectual integrity and ad-venturousness. Yet he shows real understanding of the fears and frustrations aswell as the failures of teacher and administrator. Mildred McAfee Horton's assertion that religious faith and commitmentare vital to academic freedom may seem tosome of its champions to depict Christianity in a new role. Other chapters, concerning religion as an academic discipline, worship in the academic community, and religious and moral values, are contributedby Virginia Corwin, Willard Sperry, andHoward McClusky, respectively.Part IV includes a vigorous analysis byGregory Vlastos of the mutual implicationsand contributions of Christianity and democracy. This chapter, too, will challenegethose accustomed to regarding religion asthe enemy of freedom and also those religious folk inclined to overlook the socialimplications of their faith. Rollo Maywrites about psychotherapy and religionwith wit as well as wisdom, and the concluding chapter, by Patrick Malin, fittinglydescribes the work of the National Council and suggests the direction for its future devolpment.Liberal Learning and Religion is bothinformative and stimulating. It should provide an excellent orientation for the voung-er instructor who is concerned with thelarger task of the university or college. Itshould provide renewed vision for the moreexperienced teacher or administrator whois preoccupied with departmental, curricular or financial problems.Iver F. YeagerGraduate StudentChicago Theological SeminaryBriefly NotedVernon Loggins, AM '17, has written adetailed account of the fluctuating fortunes,through three centuries, of the family whichproduced the great romancer, NathanielHawthorne. The book is entitled THEHAWTHORNES: THE STORY OF SEVENGENERATIONS OF AN AMERICANFAMILY. New York: Columbia UniversityPress, $5. Loring B. Walton, PhD, '43, professor ofEnglish at Duke university, has written abook entitled ANATOLE FRANCE ANDIHE GREEK WORLD. Duke UniversityPress, $6. "This book is directed to Francespecialists and literary historians. Its aimin the broadest sense is to contribute tothe knowledge of the neo-hellenist movement in French literature in the latterquarter of the 19th century and the firstdecade of the 20th."David Dressier, '28, spent 17 years as director of the New York state division ofparole. His experience has gone into twobooks, published last spring. PAROLECHIEF is designed for the general reader,while PROBATION AND PAROLE is forspecialists in penalogy.Leon Statham, ex '34, is the winner of the1951 Friends of American Writers awardof $1,000 for his novel, WELCOME DARKNESS.Sidney Hyman, '35, AM '38, edited theMarriner Eccles book, BECKONINGFRONTIERS published this spring byKnopf. ,Frank Yerby, ex '38, has come up withhis latest novel A WOMAN CALLEDFANCY, to add to his previous output offive book-club selections.Oliver W. Robinson, AM '39, recently hadhis book, ANGRY DUST: The Poetry ofA. E. Housman, published by Bruce Humphries.Radcliffe Squires, AM '45, is the authorof a book of poetry WHERE THE COMPASS SPINS, put out by Twayne Publishers.Harris Wofford, Jr., '48, is co-author, withhis wife, Clare Wofford, of the book INDIAAFIRE, based on the couple's experiencesin India on a free-lance fellowship fromthe Foundation for World Government. Recent and readable books on "How'sBusiness/' recommended by School of Business faculty members, include the followingtitles:INFLATIONELI SHAPIRO, associate professor offinance, recommends these reports:ECONOMIC POLICY FOR REARMA-MENT. August, 1950.PAYING FOR DEFENSE. November,1950.CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR EFFECTIVE PRICE -WAGE CONTROLS.February, 1951.AN EMERGENCY TAX PROGRAMFOR 1951. March, 1951.The above Statements on National Policy by the research and policy committeeof the Committee for Economic Development are non- technical reports evaluatingthe economic hazards of the rearmamentprogram and presenting public policymeasures to combat inflation.(If you cannot find these reports in yourlocal library or bookstore, they may beordered from the office of the Committeefor Economic Development, 444 MadisonAve., New York 22, N. Y., or through theUniversity of Chicago bookstore, Chicago37, 111.)DEFENSE WITHOUT INFLATION.By Albert G. Hart. New York: TwentiethCentury Fund, 1951. $2.This little book appraises the dangersto the domestic economy implicit in themobilization program. It discusses generalpolicies for dealing with the economiceHe says, 'Please give my book a nasty review — it will sell better.34 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEstresses and strains arising out of the rearmament program.FINANCING DEFENSE. By Albert G.#art and E. Cary Brown. New York:Twentieth Century Fund, 1951. $2.The second volume in the series ofTwentieth Century Fund reports on howto protect and maintain the civilian economy in a period of defense mobilization.It concentrates on alternative budget measures to finance the defense program whileaverting inflation.INVESTMENTMARSHALL KETCHUM, associate professor of finance, offers these suggestionson "investment— its hazards and how tomeet them":INVESTMENTS. 2nd ed. By GeorgeDowrie and Douglas Fuller. New York:John Wiley Sc Sons, Inc., 1950. $5.A well-organized description of the nature of the investment problem, types ofinvestment media, and basic risks whichmust be met in investment management.Good supplementary reading lists at endsof chapters.INVESTMENT ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT. By Lester V. Plum and Joseph H. Humphrey, Jr. Chicago: RichardD. Irwin Inc., 1951. $7.35.Chapters 9 to 15 represent a particularlygood introduction to techniques used inthe analysis of securities in different industries.BIG BUSINESSS. H. NERLOVE, professor of businesseconomics, includes this recent volume:MONOPOLY AND FREE ENTERPRISE.By George W. Stocking and Myron H.Watkins. New York: Twentieth CenturyFund, 1951. $4.This book relates the concentration ofeconomic power in big corporate enterprise to the theory and practice of a freecompetitive enterprise system, and assessesthe economic, social and legislative effectsof the limitations put on the free playof competitive forces by big corporatebusiness.BUSINESS CYCLESGARFIELD COX, the Robert Law professor of finance and dean of the Schoolof Business, suggests:BUSINESS CYCLES. By James A. Estey.2nd ed. New York: Prentice-Hall, Inc.,1950. $6.A thoughtful and quite readable bookdescribing and explaining short-run business fluctuations and analyzing the principal kinds of proposals for stabilization.William A. NitzeI have just received my University ofChicago Magazine and was just a littlestartled on page 16 to see, apropos JoeFaulkner, that he studied under Alfred MAGAZINEVolume 44 November, 1951 Number 2PUBLISHED BY THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONExecutive EditorHOWARD W. MORTNews EditorJEANNETTE LOWREY EditorDON MORRIS Associate EditorAUDREY PROBSTStaff PhotographerSTEPHEN LEWELLYNIN THIS ISSU EMemo Pad Inside Front CoverBooks . . . . ¦. . . 2Reader's Guide , . . , ;. 4The Greatest Service, Lawrence A. Kimpton. 7The Revolution in Shakespeare Criticism, Fredson Bowers 11The Berwanger Story 15Readers Are Made, Not Born, Helen M. Robinson . 18The Struggle for Learning in Africa, Edwin S. Munger . . ... 21Class News 24COVER: Publications have, in general, found little glamorin the research carried on in the humanities. That thiswork can actually be fascinating, despite public neglect,is indicated in Dr. Bowers' article starting on page I I ,and in the brief account of the work of Donald Bond onpage 13. In addition to being a triple alumnus, Dr. Bondis the husband of Judith E. Strohm Bond, "23, who iscurator of the University's Modern Poetry Library.(Cover and photographs on pages 7, 10, 15, 16 17, 18, 19 byStephen Lewellyn. Photo on page C, Robert Gomer; pages 21,23, British Information Service.)Published monthly, October through June, by The University of Chicago Alumni Association, 5733 University Avenue, Chicago 37, Illinois. Annual subscription price, $3.00. Singlecopies, 35 cents. Student price at University of Chicago Bookstore, 25 cents. Entered as second class matter December 1, 1934, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois under the act ofMarch 3, 1879. Advertising agent, The American Alumni Council, B. A. Ross, director, 22Washington Square, New York, N. Y.Nitze. Dr. Nitze, when he autographedanything, wrote: William A. Nitze . . .P.S. I was delighted to discover theMain Street Bookstore recently near theMerrill Chase Studios, where I have eightof my 1951 summer collection of watercolors on exhibition.Ethel Preston, '08, AM '10, PhD '20Vincennes, Ind.Re: Award of MeritThe judges only gave you second place?[See October Memo Pad.] If you had askedme (and I ought to know because I've beenreading the Magazine for almost 20 years) I would have told you it was the best onein the whole 750.Anyhow, any time the judges say thatyour magazine has "mature intellectualquality" you're really pitching.No wonder I couldn't find you in youroffice all summer. You've been spendingyour time at Hawthorne [race track]. Howdo I know? You pin a horseshoe of roseson Laura Bergquist and note that she"edged the Magazine to the rail" and"nosed it to the head of the pack in ayear's time."John [Masek], '23, MBA '50Winter Park, Fla.NOVEMBER, 1951 5THE SUBJECT OF THIS PORTRAIT, A MOLECULE, IS .0000003937 OF AN INCH LONGThis is the shadow of a molecule. Approximately 100 million times as large as the molecule(phthalocyanine) itself, the photograph was made by Robert Gomer, instructor in the University's Institute of Metals. The four bright spots in each molecule are benzene rings, themselvesprincipally made up of atoms of carbon. (The scattered light particles between the light spotsconstitute photographic "grain" and result from the mechanics of making the image, ratherthan the structure of the molecule.) The second and less distinct four-leaf clover pattern is nota reflection, however, but a second molecule.The photograph was made using a field emission microscope. This instrument produces million-fold magnification (A 2,000-fold increase is possible with optical microscopes, and a 200,000-fold magnification with the more versatile — and much more expensive — electron microscope.)The field emission microscope was developed in 1937 by the German physicist Erwin Moller.The instrument at the Institute of Metals was built by Gomer, who has been using it to studysingle crystals of metals, as well as molecules.A molecule to be studied is deposited on the end of a wire, whose tip has been etched sofine that it is invisible. The wire is inside the kinescope-like tube which constitutes the shell of theinstrument. Air is exhausted from the tube to provide an interior pressure about one ten-billionth of atmospheric pressure. Then 10,000 volts applied to the wire cause it to emit a beamof electrons. These are partially blocked by the molecule on the wire's tip, and the interruptionin the beam of electrons forms, on a fluorescent screen, the electronic shadow of the molecule.6TheGreatestServiceThe Chancellor's inaugural address, given inRockefeller Memorial Chapel at the specialConvocation officially marking his accessionBy Lawrence A. Kimpton MARCHING, KIMPTON WORE CORNELL S RED & WHITE HOODON OCCASIONS such as these,the important roles are notplayed by those who are present.What we possess is not accounted forin any large way by what any of ushas said or done. Yet our efforts aregiven importance by the opportunitiesand responsibilities that we inherit.Great universities are among the rarities of history. Today at least theyrequire a great deal of money, andthey have always required an assembly of great scholars, teachers, andstudents, a large and free atmosphere,and close about a community awarethat freedom leads to truth and truthto greater freedom, and both to everything that should be plentiful in life.The founder of this University, inhis generosity, gave us nearly 35 millions, a sum without precedent in educational philanthropy; in his wisdomhe enlarged the value of his gifts bymaking them unrestricted in theiruse. The community that now supports us is also large in its generosityand wisdom and has contributed itsleaders as trustees of our affairs. Ourendowment has now become doublethe amount given us by Mr. Rockefeller, and we own a physical plantthat cost over 50 million dollars tobuild. We received in gifts and bequests last year almost six million dollars. The total of our grants fromfoundations and industries is one ofthe largest of any university. If weinclude our operation of the ArgonneNational Laboratory, our budget forthe past year has not been exceededby that of any private university. Under the inspired leadership ofWilliam Rainey Harper, we beganwith a brilliant assembly of scholars,teachers and students. He had theintuitive ability to sense great men,and he had a vision, the vision of thefirst research center in the MiddleWest. It was to be an institution thatrose out of the region and was always to be close to it, absorbing itspioneering spirit; yet, since it was topioneer in the ways of the mind, itwas to make discoveries in all thoseregions where the mind has venturedand perhaps mark out, if somewhatdimly, lands altogether new.Freedom simply isSixty years is a short time in thehistory of universities. It is a shorttime in which to translate into concrete achievement a vision of the advancement of knowledge and of itsapplication in education and life.These achievements have been numerous, significant, and often revolutionary.It would be impossible to enumerate them here, and to select examples would be inadequate and unjust.In research they have resulted inmomentous changes in all the basicfields of knowledge — in the naturalsciences, the social sciences, and thehumanities. In education they haveled to vast extensions in graduatestudies and a new vision of generaleducation based on President Harper'soriginal idea of a junior college. Inextending the frontiers of knowledgeand its applications, they have taken ne,w forms in a unique medical center, in new institutes of nuclear sciences, metals, and the study of thedistant past, and in schools whichhave elevated the standards of theirprofessions. In application to everyday life there have been experimentsin adult education, in home study andextension teaching, and in the use ofradio for educational purposes.The actual accomplishments of theUniversity have been made possibleby something as intangible as a mood,a mood that has pervaded it from itsbeginning. President Harper and hissuccessors knew what a university wasand what it ought to be doing andthe kind of atmosphere in which themind can work. Academic freedomhas never been in issue as a rightguaranteed to our faculty; it simplyhas been, is, and must continue to be.Perhaps we scarcely feel its presence.Basic to that freedom is a responsibility, a high dedication to seek thetruth and make it known. Dedicationto truth requires and justifies thefreedom to seek it.This, then, has been our heritage —great material resources, great men,and equally great freedom. And it isproper that from time to time weshould acknowledge this heritage.But we should do so in order to seemore clearly what we should perpetuate and, if possible, magnify. Inthis sense, in this fundamental sense,everyone here has a very importantrole to play, for all of us are closelyattached either to this or some otherinstitution of higher learning.NOVEMBER, 1951 7Upon us and many more like us thefuture greatness of education depends.I said upon "us and many more likeus" — trustees, faculty members, administrators, alumni, and large andfriendly communities. Greatness ineducation must be fashioned out ofcomplexity and cooperation. It nolonger consists, if it ever did, of ateacher and a student, with a log between.And yet cooperation is dangerous,because, in attempting to combineour efforts, we may lose sight of ourindividual purposes. In raising, then,more specifically the question of howwe may continue our great tradition,I wish to point out that each probleminvolves at least a dual responsibility— and a danger.Faculty bears responsibilityThere are certain basic requirements for obtaining and retaining agreat faculty. It should be well paid,it must have the facilities with whichto work, and it must live in an atmosphere congenial to scholarshipand teaching. All these things areabsolutely necessary, but by themselves are insufficient. If the men areto be good, judgment upon them mustbe objective, impartial, and tough.So it is the job of the administratorto reject an appointment or a promotion when he has a reasonable andhonest doubt. Yet he can have aninformed judgment in only a verylimited field of knowledge, and thisis but one of the dangers he runsif he exercises his statutory power ofacademic appointment and promotionfrequently.Primarily, judgment upon thefaculty must come from the facultyand from the part of the administrative hierarchy that is also of thefaculty. No faculty can be great thatis unwilling to seek out and encourage men who are as able as or moreable than its own members. Thedanger here is that through friendship, concentration upon research, ortimidity they will not do so. Becausethere are so many difficulties involvedin selecting gifted men, educationalinstitutions may be tempted to regardorganizational patterns as substitutesfor human quality. A department maycover through course offerings everypart of its field of knowledge andstill be thoroughly mediocre. Departments may be dissolved and new groupings arranged, but nothing isreally changed.A renaissance in thinking is notbrought about by creating a committee of reluctant scholars on the history of thought. Nor is sound andobjective judgment obtained by multiplying administrative officers withresounding titles. Good men, working willingly, may, with wisdom andcourage perpetuate themselves underany of a variety of organizationalpatterns.A wealthy university is not therebyof necessity a good university, but agood university must be a wealthyone, and must always be engaged inraising a great deal of money. In thegenteel tradition of the academicworld, this is an embarrassing subject. As a result, the problem is toooften solved by creating numerousadministrative officers who specializein what is euphemistically called development. This is another problemthat requires the cooperation of thefaculty. A professional money-raisermay find out where money is and hemay find out where money is needed,and he may bring the supply and theneed together, but only those whoneed the money possess the knowledgeand enthusiasm to make clear theimportance of the need. This means,whether we like it or not, that thefaculty members of a great institution must, in the last analysis, be theones who raise the money to keep itgreat.Rich but mediocreNow, money raising is a very dangerous business, dangerous for thescholar and for his institution. If thefaculty member neglects his primarybusiness, which is research and teaching, something is lost which moneycannot repurchase. Moreover, it isoften the case that money is raised bysaying the right things to the rightpeople. Sometimes the true thing isthe wrong thing to say, and yet oughtto be said to everybody. It is thefunction of a great university to seektruth in its own fashion, free fromoutside domination and control. If,in our lust for money, we lose our purpose, we may become rich, but weshall cease to be good.Integrity is essential to all universities, whether privately or publiclysupported. The endowed institution,however, has a somewhat different obligation from the state - supportedone. Though both are ultimately responsible to the people and to thesocial order, the responsibility in thecase of the private university is notso immediate and direct. It has nolegislature to please, and it is lesssubject to pressures of political andspecial interests.The unusual is commonplaceThis means that the private university is freer to experiment with newideas and techniques. Indeed, suchexperimentation becomes one of itsfirst obligations. By venturing intountried fields, it may find a new waythat the public institution can thenafford to follow with full popular support. Thus the great endowed university must keep about it an air ofnovelty; it must remain alert to newneeds and new ways of meeting them.Now universities, public opinion tothe contrary, are very conservativeplaces. The new is viewed with suspicion and alarm; it is often cursorilydismissed as "intellectually unsound"as, of course, it often is. But a greatuniversity must be persistently tolerant. It must, as a faculty and as anadministration, be willing to try outthe new and promising idea. It mustset itself against following the wellworn path because it is the easy one.And the converse of this is equallytrue. .If an idea is tried and foundvalueless, or has been tried and finallyoutlived its usefulness, it must be disposed of. It cannot be allowed tolinger on until, through retirementsand neglect, it vanishes into the catalogues of yesteryear.Yet a mark of a great university isthat the unusual is the commonplace.The new must arise primarily fromthe faculty, and certainly must beactively supported by it. It is ameasure of a great university that theseelements of novelty come from withinthe institution itself. The administration may suggest, it may inspire,but it should not impose. A new ideaforced upon a reluctant faculty losesall of its value; it can be only as goodas the adherents who are persuadedto it.Necessity for strifeI may seem to have been talkingso far as if the world about us werea place friendly to higher education,which could solve its problems by8 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEfinding a reasonable basis for cooperation. But free universities have manypowerful enemies. It is perhaps toomuch to expect that we can enlisttheir cooperation, but we must nevertire of explaining ourselves to the public and of hoping for at least a tolerantunderstanding. Time and again, wemust assert that what we feel mostdeeply is a responsibility to find thetruth.Something, too, we must say abouttruth — not only about its benefits, butabout the process of finding it andkeeping it alive. Much of truth isfound upon the battlefields of controversy, and it is kept alive by sharpexchanges. There is a common phrase,"to strive for truth," and it well maybe taken as an expression of the basicaim of a free university. We musthope, therefore, that common wisdomwill permit us the strife if it expects usto achieve the truth.Strange paradoxFrom without, free universities aremenaced by a hostility that dividesnations into opposing worlds. And so,perhaps more clearly than at any timein modern history, free education realizes that its existence and theexistence of its country are inseparable. Yet, never in all history hasfree education been able to return itsdebt so completely. In the past, greatuniversities may have been amongthe crowning glories of their states,but they were unimportant in contributing directly to the military survival of these states. I think everyonewould agree that the last war couldnot have been won without the directcontribution of universities and university-trained men. I think almosteveryone would agree that we wouldbe again at war were it not for thefear abroad of what these universities and university-trained men havedevised and could further conceive.The paradox is a strange one. Asconditions become less favorable forthe flourishing of free universities,and as the means of warfare becomeless humane, the position of free universities in the states that encouragethem becomes more crucial. Theynot only crown these states; in time ofwar, they are the sword. When peaceis threatened they are the sheath,which, let us hope, will prevent thesword from being drawn again. In times like these, free universities perform still another service totheir countries. Periods of increasingtensions tend to become periods ofincreasing repressions. Soon freedomof speech may become only freedomto say acceptable things, and eventhinking, except for the orthodox, maybecome precarious. The great dangeris that we may lose our most valuedpossessions in the act of defendingthem.Greatest serviceSo free and great universities havea dual role. It is not enough that theyfashion new weapons Out of newscience. Theirs has always been thehumane duty to ask the question,"What is it you seek to defend?"Theirs also is the duty to see that whatis defended is true and good. It istheir special obligation, then, to seethat we do not become what we seekto destroy, that we never yield therights of man to the force of men.The performance of this duty maywell be the greatest service that can berendered by a great university in ourtime.NOW ROBERT HUTCHINS IS AN ALUMNUSSeven are awarded honorary degrees at ConvocationROBERT M. HUTCHINS became a fellow alumnus last month. With sixother distinguished educators and scholars, he was awarded an honorary degree at the Convocation marking Chancellor Kimpton's inauguration. FutureMagazine references will be to Robert Hutchins, LLD '51. The others honoredwere:DETLEV W. BRONK, presidentof Johns Hopkins University. A notedbiophysicist, he was cited for his investigations in neurophysiology. HAROLD F. CHERNISS, professor of Greek at the Institute for Advanced Study, known for his monumental studies of Aristotle's criticism. ARTHUR M. SCHLESINGER,Francis Lee Higginson professor ofhistory at Harvard University, leadingstudent of American civilization.EDWIN A. BURTT, formerly processor of philosophy at Chicago,now at Cornell University, respectedstudent of metaphysics and logic. WILLIAM A. NITZE, AndrewMacLeish distinguished service professor emeritus at the University, eminent scholar in French literature. GEORGE W. SHERBURN, formerly of the University, now chairman of modern languages at Harvard,authority on classical English letters.NOVEMBER, 1951 9Front row (from left) Jill Schwab, Audrey Rubovits, Jane Allen,Dean Leyers, John Royer, Frederick C. Smith; second row: GailMeyer, Lynn Manaster, Harold Swartz, Bob Burkhardt, RichardHomer; third row: Janice Flzak, David Glassman, Mari DeCosta,Shirley Ricketts, Catherine Allison; fourth row: Andrew Donahue,Porter James, Jr., Giulio Fermi, Charles Sexton, John Lathrop,top row: Kent Stewart, B. Z. Goldstrich, Dennis Cunningham, Gilbert Ginsburg, Joseph Lach, William Jacobs.Like Father (or Mother)Like Son (or Daughter)It is proof of the pudding when a representative shareof the University's student body consists of children ofthe University's alumni. And it is with special warmth,therefore, that the University welcomes those membersof each entering class who are destined to become secondgeneration alumni.Following are the names of the 40 sons and daughterswho entered the College last month, with their alumni -parents:Catherine K. Allison, daughter of Samuel K. Allison, '21,PhD '23— -Chicago.Evan H. Appelman, son of Mrs. Harry L. (Mollie S.Hirsch) Appelman, '22 — Highland Park, III.Boyd R. Burkhardt, son of Boyd A. Burkhardt, MD '31 —Tipton, IndBoydston L. Butterfield, son of L. B. Butterfield, Ex '23 —PlainpZeld, N. J.Carita Ann Chapman, daughter of Mrs. Tillie GibsonChapman, Ex '47 — Chicago.Jeanne Marie Cheatham, daughter of Florence M. Cheatham, '38— Chicago.Mary Elizabeth Connors, daughter of Mrs. James J.(Mary E. Baldridge) Connors, '30 — Chicago.Dennis D. Cunningham, son of Robert M. Cunningham,Jr., '31 — Glencoe, III.Mari Jane DeCosta, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. Edwin J.(Marie H. Bachrach) DeCosta, '26, MD '30; wife, '25— Chicago.10 Andrew J. Donahue, son of Mr. and Mrs. Elmer W.(Esther Lois McLaughlin) Donahue, '21; wife, Ex '21— Chicago.Robert L. Dowdell, son of Mrs. Margaret Dearborn Dow-dell, Ex '24 — Chicago.Arthur S. Elstein, son of Aaron Elstein, Ex '12 — Chicago.B. Z. Goldstrich, son of Mrs. Emanuel (Belle E. Korshak)Goldstrich, '34 — Miami Beach, Fla.Madonna Gorecki, daughter of Mrs. Helen KomosaGorecki, '50, — Chicago.Jean Ruth Harris, daughter of Joseph S. Harris, Ex '22 —Chicago.J. Arthur Hirsch, Jr., son of J. Arthur Hirsch, Ex '25 —Chicago.Alex C. Hornkohl, III, son of Alec C. Hornkohl, Ex '23 —Chicago.Elizabeth Laura Keyset, daughter of George N. Keyser,'W—St. Charles, 111.John Fitch Lathrop, son of Mrs. Harold F. (Ruth E.Pfnget) Lathrop, '23—Nutley, N. J.Dean B. Leyers, son of Dr. Rudolph P. Leyers, '29,MD '34— Chicago.John C. Lowe, son of Mrs. Robert (Foulis M. Miller)Lowe, Ex '23 — Riverside, III.Robert B. Marcus, son of Harry L. Marcus, '31, JD '32 —Chicago.Marilyn Mills McRae, daughter of Dr. Louis A. McRae,MD '33— Albuquerque, N. M.Gail Meyer, daughter of Dr. Jacob Meyer, '14, SM '16,MD (Rush) '16— Chicago.Toby C. Owen, son of Mrs. George C. (Mona H. Vol-kert) Owen, '26 — Milwaukee, Wise.Clara Martha Pehlen, daughter of Mrs. Cecilia RybakPehlen, Ex '29— Gary, Ind.David G. Phillips, son of Mrs. Ben G. (Dorothy G.Bloom) Phillips, '28— White Plains, N. Y.Janice Elaine Plzak, daughter of Dr. Louis F. Plzak, '24,MD (Rush) '28— Hinsdale, III.Joel Sandra Rappeport, daughter of Mrs. Louis (RuthWinsberg) Rappeport, Ex '21 — Chicago.Shirley Ann Ricketts, daughter of Henry T. Ricketts, '24Chicago.David D. Rosenstein, son of Harold A. Rosenstein, '30.JD '31— Chicago.John R. Royer, Jr., son of John R. Royer, Ex '26 — Crete,III.Audrey Jane Rubovits, daughter of Richard A. Rubovits,'20— Chicago.Jill McGill Schwab, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph J.(Rosamond M. McGill) Schwab, '30, SM' 36, PhD '38;wife, '31- — Chicago.Frederick C. Smith, son of Herbert R. Smith, '28 — Ashland, Ky.Kent K. Stewart, son of George F. Stewart, '30 — Davis,Calif.Harold M. Swartz, son of Sidney T. Swartz, '30, SM '32— Chicago.Frank K. Thorp, son of Mrs. Frank K. (Margaret L.Plant) Thorp, SM '29— East Lansing, Mich.David F. Wood, son of Mrs. J. C. (Nancy Lee Farley)Wood, AM '27 — Chesterton, Ind.William M. Zavis, Jr., son of Mrs. William M. (BelleDavis) Zavis, Ex '21 — Chicago.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINETHE REVOLUTION INSHAKESPEARE CRITICISMModern scholarship is giving the lie to Dr.Johnson by painstaking analysis of the physicalcontext of the Bard's words instead of learned^guesswork about what he might have meantBy Fredson BowersTHE LAST thirty to forty yearshave seen a complete and remarkable revolution in one aspect ofShakespeare studies— that of textualcriticism — accompanied by startlinglynew techniques of investigation, andgiving rise to a considerable body ofnew and original scholarship.It is no exaggeration, I think, tosay that in the last forty years, morepositive results have accrued from theinvestigation of Shakespeare's textthan in the whole intervening periodback to the First Folio.I hope I am not depreciating thevaluable new literary scholarshipwhich has arisen as part of the anti-romantic revolt when I say that inmy prejudiced opinion the new schoolof textual investigation has breathed fresh life and logic into Shakespearescholarship and has produced morevaluable and far-reaching results thanother forms of modern criticisms.The revolution in method whichproduced this new school of criticismwas almost wholly due to the workand influence of three men — AlfredW. Pollard, Ronald B. McKerrow,and Walter — now Sir Walter — Greg.Solid or sulliedTextual criticism may seem to be aremote and vaguely terrifying subject,of little interest to the average reader,and to be matched in its austerity,perhaps, only by the even-more-vaguely-terrifying so-called "highercriticism." As it has ordinarily beenpracticed, and especially as applied toclassical and medieval manuscripttexts, there may be some reason forthe sense of dis-ease which the subject introduces. But as it has its endresult in determining what the common reader reads — to take one popular example, whether we traditionallyread, "Oh that this too too solidflesh," or what Shakespeare actuallywrote, "Oh that this too too sulliedflesh" — it has its pertinence in ordinary discourse on Shakespeare.Moreover, the new form of Shakespearian textual criticism has all thedirectness and fascination of a detective story. Let me recall one ofthe classic short detective stories, sinceit was the events of the story whichturned A. W. Pollard to his investigation of Shakespeare. Pollard, an official of the BritishMuseum, had chiefly been concernedwith book illustration and with foreign printing. In 1906 a volume ofnine Shakespeare quartos, dated between 1600 and 1619, was brought tohim before being sent on* to auctionand to dispersal. Pollard recalledthat four years before, in Germany,he had been shown a similar volumebearing the stamp on its binding ofEdward Gwynn, a 17th-century bookcollector. Digging through his notes,he found that exactly the same playsin exactly the same editions had beenpresent in this German volumethough not arranged in quite the sameorder.This was a rather startling fact, forordinarily such collections would havebeen made at the whim of a privatepurchaser, and it was most unlikelythat two different book collectorswould have chosen the identical ninetitles and editions to bind together.Pollard, therefore, tracked down thesenine editions on the British Museumshelves and found another startlingfact. Each copy was very similar inappearance to every other, and allshared one common characteristic inbeing rather larger than the usualElizabethan play quarto. This was inspite of the fact that, according totheir title pages, they had been printed over the interval of 19 years.Moreover, three of the plays wererepresented in editions dated thesame year as another edition. Whichtherefore, was the first edition? The11Merchant of Venice, in the editionwhich Pollard held in his hand, hadlong been esteemed the first. It hadtherefore been given prime textualauthority in the classic Cambridgeedition of 1891 and the respectedArden edition of 1905.The mystery deepensAt first Pollard conservativelysought an explanation which woulddo the least violence to accepted opinion, but his theorizing in this directionwould not hold water. Greg, entering the mystery, then was able toshow that there were too many oddcoincidences in details between booksallegedly printed 19 years apart. Allthe imprints were alike in being suspiciously brief. The dates containedlarge numerals not otherwise observedbefore 1610. The title pages of eightcopies contained the same printer's orpublisher's device, a suspicious circumstance in books which must havebeen printed and published by different people. In the ninth copy, a de vice was used which could not elsewhere be associated with the printerRoberts, who was supposed to haveprinted the book. In short, therewere a large number of typographicalpeculiarities present in the quartosdated 1600 which were amazinglysimilar to those dated 1608 and 1619.All pointed to the press of WilliamJaggard at a date after 1610.Finally Greg proved that since allnine editions were printed from thesame lot of mixed paper, a practicalimpossibility for books manufactured19 years apart, all nine editions werein fact printed in 1619. The criticalview of the order of the two editionsof The Merchant of Venice had to bereversed.The contrast in methods, therefore,lay between the "irreversible certainty" of Greg's bibliographical evidence, and the uncertainty of literarycriticism as applied to these sameproblems. Perhaps even more instructive is this point. Greg's evidencerested on physical facts based on phys-ufly... At ical production of books. This evidence was of a sort which could bediscerned by any ordinary man, andpresumably could be discovered bysuch a one. Certain methods oftextual criticism, therefore, wereabruptly dumped from the cloudsand brought down to the ordinarylevel of human experience and investigation. Here they have remainedever since, subject to demonstrationby laws of evidence that would beupheld in a police court.Shrdlu etaoinAnother brilliant young scholar,Dr. Charlton Hinman, has shown onstrictly bibliographical evidence thatthose portions of the late second quarto of Othello which contain text absent in the first quarto were not setup, as usually believed, from a newmanuscript with fresh authority. Instead, they came from unproofreadsheets of the First Folio. Thus someof the new readings in the secondquarto which every editor has substituted in his text as representing therecovery of true Shakespearian readings, are shown to be false and ofno authority. It is disheartening tofind editors thus having preferred formany years the compositor's versionof Shakespeare rather than Shakespeare himself.But strict analytical bibliographypresents only one part of the totalequipment of the new textual criticism. Pollard's experience had ledhim to the doctrine that the criticmust have continually in his mind'seye the actual manuscript, and all itsphysical features, from which thecompositor was working. It was,therefore, chiefly from Pollard's influence and teaching that one of themost important doctrines of present-day criticism springs — no statementshould be made about any detail of aShakespeare play until a workablehypothesis is formulated as to the exact nature of the copy from whichthe printer set his type.Let us look at one unsolved example, a crux in the second quarto ofRomeo and Juliet, which resultedfrom the efforts of a scribe to correctthe unauthorized bad first edition bycomparing it with a manuscript.When the first quarto text was nottoo far distant in sense from the manuscript, the scribe was merely to annotate that, instead of making a complete transcript from the manuscript.12 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEWhen .the quarto became too corrupt,be was to copy from the manuscript,consulting the quarto from time totime, when he was not sure of thomanuscript reading.Mercutio's line, which reads in bothquartos, "Young Abraham Cupid, hethat shot so true" (or "trim"), wasemended, in the days before there wasany notion of how the second quartowas constructed, to read, "YoungAdam Cupid."The first question we should asktoday would be: what is the natureof the copy for this precise page ofthe second quarto? If, for example,this happened to be a page which thescribe had torn out of the first quarto,we should feel at some liberty toemend it. True, the scribe had passedthis reading; but we could argue thathe may not have been paying muchattention to his manuscript (whichindeed might have abbreviated theword Adam) and so not noticed thatAbraham differed from the name inhis manuscript. On the other hand,if this were a portion of the text setfrom his copy of the theater manuscript, the word Abraham wouldagree with the actor's memory in thefirst quarto and must inevitably becorrect.Father Abraham?Unfortunately, though it can beshown quite clearly that on this pagethe scribe was copying from manuscript, it is also clearly shown, by anonsense colon between Abraham andCupid, present in both quartos, thathe must here have been looking atthe first quarto text also, and insertedthat mark from the printed copy.Thus it is also possible that he tookover Abraham from the printed text,without regard for, or through inability to read, what was in his manuscript. Under these confused circumstances, an editor may emend if hecannot make sense out of Abraham,as I am sure he can if he tries hardenough.The current view of Shakespearetexts in. Pollard's day was generallydoubtful about their validity, thoughnot everyone was as doleful as Dr.Johnson, when he wrote of the textas having been "copied for the actors, and multiplied, transcript aftertranscript, vitiated by the blundersof the penman, or changed by theaffectation of the player; perhaps en- OH MR. ADDISON, OH MR. STEELE . . .On the Midway, Donald Bond labors over text of Spectatorl<) NB 0 N: Ttm'cA tor SaitL&uctJey, it the Dolphm in Littte-'Brir.iiri j andSold by J.'BJ.dmn mWarmck-Lant ; where AdVcrtifemcnts arc c*tcn ui$as xMoby Charles Lilltc, Perfumer , at the Corner of Scan/or. l-T)!i,!Ji>ip in. the Strand. TFANCY TOP SERIF OF B IN BUCKLEY, PLUS OTHER EYE-STRAINING CLUES, SHOWCOLOPHON WAS PRINTED BY BUCKLEY; SO TEXT IS BY SIR RICHARD STEELEThe new methods in bibliographical analysis which have revolutionized Shakespearian studies are nowbeing applied in other fields as well.Donald Frederic Bond, '22, AM '23,PhD '34, associate professor of English (see cover), has been studyingthe original printed sheets of thefamed Spectator, of Addison andSteele, for clues which will enablehim . to establish an accurate text ofthese famous essays, as the basis ofa critical edition which he is nowpreparing.By examining the typography ofthe 200-year-old original sheets hewas led to the discovery that theSpectator was published not by oneprinter but alternately by two printing firms. The width of the type-line,the size of type, the physical charac-istics of certain letters in the text, andvarious misprints occurring only inalternate issues provided the starting-point for this study in "literary detection." The different appearanceof the type can be observed by a comparison of the colophon in the issuesdone by "Printer A" (above) andthose by "Printer B" (below).After the establishing of the factof different printings, the next problem was to discover the identity ofthe two printers. The advertisementsproved to be a major clue, since theyoften appear in two distinct forms inthe alternate issues of the Spectator.One advertisement of an elixir for"Consumptions of all sorts" was dis covered to be set in italic type andto contain in the last line the misspelling Fleesttreet in the papersprinted by "Printer B." The sameadvertisement in the numbers doneby "Printer A" appears in romantype with the final word spelled correctly.Dr. Bond found the advertisementappearing with the same idiosyncra-cies of "Printer B," in the contemporary newspaper, The Daily Courant,known to be from the press of SamuelBuckley. By similar examination ofother advertisements, he was able toshow that the two printers of theSpectator, working alternately, wereBuckley and Jacob Tonson, Jr.Further study revealed that theessays of Addison were almost uniformly printed by Tonson and thatthose of Steele were with equal regularity done by Buckley. The typographical variations in the two printings now afford valuable clues fordetermining the authorship of certainessays in the Spectator which havehitherto been a puzzle to scholars.The results of this initial study,which was published in ModernPhilology for February, 1950, illustrate in graphic form the value ofthe new bibliographical techniquesnow being employed in the Department of English. The new criticaledition of the Spectator which Bondhas in preparation marks a decisivestep in the extension of these studiesin the field of eighteenth-centuryscholarship.UNADORNED B IN BUCKLEY INDICATES PRINTER IS TONSON, AUTHOR ADDISONLON DON: Printed for S,im. Buckler, at the <Dr',"A. • ,, rjrf.'i-.Rr-ratHs aridSold l.y A Baldwin in Warwick- Ltne \ where Advertifcn i - ire rakoniruas alfo by Chcrlt: L/.'/ie, Perfumer, ar the Corner ¦) HntUinU >»the Strand. * Llarged to introduce a jest, or mutilated to shorten the representation;and printed at last without the concurrence of the author, without theconsent of the proprietor, from compilations made by chance or by stealth out of the separate parts written forthe theater: and thus thrust into theworld surreptitiously and hastily, theysuffered another depravation fromthe ignorance and negligence of theprinters. ... It is not easy for inven-NOVEMBER, 1951 13*-£JU JU/wv o&tJ'tion to bring together so many causesconcurring to vitiate a text."This pessimistic view had very important results for textual criticism.If what Johnson said were true, thenall texts were so bad that an editorcould feel the utmost freedom toemend to the limits of his ingenuitywithout much regard for what hefound printed, and, further, there wasno particular importance in discovering the relations of edition to edition,since any authority would be so suspect as to be comparatively worthless.Against these views, Pollard set upan orderly and reasoned defense ofthe editorial principles of Hemingand Condell (who assembled the original texts for the Folio) which resulted in a rehabilitation of the opinion that the general Shakespeariantext is comparatively pure, if one distinguishes between the corrupt pirated"bad quartos" and the others, licensed, and backed by authorizedmanuscripts. Close studies of the Shakespeariantext have been the major contributions of McKerrow and of Sir WalterGreg. McKerrow has demonstratedthe falsity of the earlier notion thatthe actors were responsible for all ofthe texts as we have them; and he hasanalyzed the evidence which pointstoward the printing of some of theplays from Shakespeare's own draftsor from transcripts of these. Thistheory is of considerable importance,since an editor's treatment will be carried out according to quite differentprinciples if he can know that he isdealing with what is perhaps a badreproduction of a good text (theShakespearian drafts) instead of agood reproduction of a bad text.Something to go byGreg's work on principles ofemendation has set forth logical criteria for the critic according to thenature of the printer's copy for anyplay. Thus at the present time, an editor is not wholly at the whim ofhis personal taste in choosing or rejecting between alternate readings oremendations. Instead, close studiesof the copy now show him that thisplay was very likely set up fromShakespeare's own manuscript, another from a prompt-copy, a thirdfrom a scribally annotated and corrected printed copy, a fourth from acombination of manuscript and earlierprinted copy. According to the exactcircumstances, sometimes those attending on literally every page of theedition under scrutiny, the critic cannow attempt the authentication or thereconstruction of what Shakespeareactually wrote with greater confidencethan at any earlier period of scholarship.In fuller form, the foregoing was one ofa series of lectures in the field of thehumanities given on the Quadrangles byDr. Bowers, professional lecturer at theUniversity and professor of English at theUniversity of Virginia.Librarian's LibraryProbably very few readers would beinterested in browsing through the Reportof the Massachusetts School Board for1905, but to some scholar, some time, thebook just might be irreplaceably valuable.This Jeckyll-Hyde aspect of many bookshas for years presented a poser to librarians, whose shelves got heavy withsuch unpopular books, but who couldn'tthrow them away because of, their potential, if remote, worth.The solution to the problem is foundin an edifice called the Midwest Inter-Library Center, located on Cottage GroveAvenue near the University, which wasdedicated and put into service last month.This unique institution — a "libraries' library" — is a repository designed to hold3,000,000 little-used books, plus 2,000volumes of newspapers. It thus has a twofold advantage: it provides a central distribution point for a large volume of source materials, while enabling the 15libraries participating in the Center tomake shelf room for faster-moving books.Since the participating institutions arewidely separated, from Ohio, to Minnesota, to Kansas, an unusual system hasbeen set up to expedite movement of the*£ *\ Center's books. A teletype network enables a scholar in need of one of itsyellowed items to request it as rapidlyas if he were in the building. The bookthen is immmediately sent on its way viathe Center's mail order operation, for delivery the next day.The newly-completed Center was originally established in 1949 with a $750,000grant from the Carnegie Corporation anda grant of $250,000 from the RockefellerFoundation. Its director is Ralph Ester-quest.Institutions sponsoring the Center, inaddition to the University, are the JohnCrerar Library, the Universities of Cincinnati, Illinois, Kansas, Minnesota, NotreDame, and Wisconsin; Indiana, Northwestern, Purdue, and Wayne Universities;Illinois Institute of Technology, the StateUniversity of Iowa, and Michigan StateCollege.— J. L.14 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINETHEBERWANGERSTORYEvents of the 16 yearssince football stardomadd up to a cheery idyllTHE SCENARIO for the storybegins with the boy from Iowawho goes to college in the big city.He is a star football halfback and thepresident of his class. After graduationhe marries a beautiful girl who was asophomore when he was a senior. Hegets himself a job. War comes, andhe is, let's say, a flyer. Afterwards, hecomes back, starts a business of hisown. The business prospers. Meanwhile, he and his wife have settled ina pleasant suburban home and arebusily raising three youngsters. Everybody likes the couple, and they keepup an active interest in the worldaround them, including the ChicagoWhite Sox.That's the standard AmericanStory. It gets chronicled again andagain — in fact and fiction, on stage,screen, radio, and television. It'sbeen told so often that a lot of thecustomers and even the scenariowriters have come to think that (a)it's corny, or (b) it isn't really true.Just in case you are skeptical thatsuch things are happening today, lookat the case of John Jacob Berwanger,'36.Jay Berwanger, sometimes affectionately known as "the Dutchman,"started pff correctly by coming to theMidway from Dubuque. The "99"on his jersey was the famous trademark of the last of Chicago's All-America football players. It will besixteen years ago this month that hetwisted 85 yards through Ohio State,since he scored and converted for ahail-and-farewell victory over Illinois.(Next week, still on the gridiron, BERWANGER CONFERS WITH VICE-PRESIDENT J. C. BAKER, HIS FATHER-IN-LAWBerwanger will be in Columbus, ref-ereeing the Northwestern-Ohio Stategame, part of a full season of officiating. The Dutchman still has to getback in condition when the leaves arestarting to turn.)Berwanger completed Phase I ofthe scenario by marrying PhilomelaBaker, of the University's notedBaker-Pfanstiehl clan, and starting towork for the Featheredge Rubber Co.,in Chicago. He wanted a job and acompany where he could acquire experience in management, sales, and production, and the rubber firm offered the combination. Although Berwanger was getting some space in thenewspaper sports pages at this timeas an exponent of the game of rugby,the important thing that was happening to him was that he was learningthe business of rubber-making frombottom to top. Officially billed as asalesman, he found that so many ofhis orders were of a custom or semi-custom nature that he spent as muchtime in the plant, seeing jobs through,as he did on the road.NEWLY BROKEN RUBBER IS SOFT, STICKY, WON T BOUNCE, STRETCH, OR ERASENOVEMBER, 1951 15Tame squirrel keeps Berwanger householdin continual uproar. Parents demonstratehow to hold the little animal, and hownot to. Top: Jay, John, Butch. Below:Helen, Phil, Cuyler.In 1942 the Navy took the Dutchman on and made him a recruitingofficer. He was satisfied with theNavy, but recruiting seemed a littletame. So he took flying lessons on hisown time, and in 1943 he became aninstructor in primary and instrumentflying. This was better than recruit ing, but still short of genuine action.After two years of accustoming embryo pilots to the performance characteristics of Howards and SNJ's, heagain succeeded in getting himselftransferred, this time to AviationCombat Intelligence. His outfit, inthe Third Air Group, got as far eastas the Atlantic coast, however, whenthe war ended, and by December,1945, Lt. Cdr. Berwanger was a civilian again. Jay still likes to take acommercial 'plane on a business trip,but handling the controls personallyhas lost its thrill. "Flying," he says,"is for the birds."Featheredge, meantime, fearful thatthe war would ruin the rubber industry, had voluntarily folded. Findingthat the industry was actually stillquite lively, Berwanger decided to setup a rubber sales firm of his own,with an initial capital of less than$10,000 — partly borrowed. Threeyears later, the business still small butpromising, he and his father-in-lawestablished Jay Berwanger, Inc.The merchandise list came to include rubber — molded, extruded, andsponge — and screws. Before longthings were going well enough so thatthe enterprisers decided to extendtheir activities. In 1948 Berwangergot together with three other ex-Featheridge cronies to set up a rubber manufacturing firm of their own,the Hood Sponge Rubber Co. (notto be confounded with Hood RubberCo.). Harry Hood was president andBerwanger held the portfolios of secretary and sales manager.A rubber company principally sellssilence and safety, and there is a lotof fascination in the process of turning the gooey bales of raw rubber(which look more like wool) into theassorted gaskets, strips, and padswhich take the rattles out of cars, thevibration out of washing machines,and the slams out of refrigeratordoors.From the manufacturing operation's small beginnings (at first theoffices were in a corner of the shop,and top-level business affairs wereconducted in an atmosphere notablyredolent of the acrid smell of hot rubber), as well as from his earlierdays at Featheredge, Berwanger hadlearned to operate every machine inthe plant — and on numerous pressingoccasions did so.This means the big hot r3tatin3 drums which "break" the raw rubber,newly arrived from Malaya and vicinity; and the other sets of drums inwhich chemicals and synthetic rubberare mixed with the natural substance(present rules call for 55 per cent ofthe plant's output to consist of synthetic, or "government" rubber). Italso includes the stamping machineswhich cut the soft rubber, a tar-likematerial, sticky and entirely lackingin bounce, into the desired shapes;and the molds in which, at 300 degrees Fahrenheit, it is vulcanized intohard, springy, form-retentive objects.Some of these — utilized in the manufacture of automobile crash panels,arm rest pads, door strip gaskets,and the rest — are quite absurd-looking, out of context. Hood's 1951 production will reach 3,000,000 pounds.(Sponginess in sponge rubber, bythe way, is achieved in a way analogous to the holes in Swiss cheese, except that a bubble-producing chemicalis used instead of a yeast-like bacterium, as in the case of cheese.)Right sizeIn addition to the sales agency andthe manufacturing business, Ber-wanger's rubber operations include athird activity: farming out specializedproduct orders to other manufacturing firms. Together the businesseshave a payroll of about 200, many ofthem fellow Featheredge alumni, andan annual gross business which runsinto seven figures. Besides Berwanger,the only other alumnus of the University in the firm is Ernest Dix, '36,a salesman for Jay Berwanger, Inc.Personnel relations constitute oneaspect of management which, as Jay'sMidway friends could have predicted,give the Dutchman no trouble. Workers in the plant call him Jay, and theatmosphere of the place has the informality characteristic of small business operations.Another advantage of the presentsize of the business is flexibility."We're small enough," Berwangersays, "so that while our prices arejust competitive, we can beat the bigfirms any day on service. We cangive a customer his finished productwhile the order is still being processed in the offices of a big company."At the end of the day, Berwangerputs the rubber business behind anddrives to suburban Hinsdale to baskin the warming glow that surrounds16 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEthe paterfamilias. Set in a big yard,shaded by big trees, the Berwangerhouse is a rambling white frame structure built to the same generous scale.Young John, who is 9, operates — forspendable gain — the power lawn-mower. Cuyler, who is more usuallyknown as Butch, busies himself withthe endless preoccupations of a boyjust turned 6. Tow-headed Helen, 2,pursues the baby squirrel, which thefamily acquired as the result of abroken tree branch.Over the menage — and endowing ittotally with the atmosphere embodiedin the word "comfortable" — presidesMrs. Berwanger — as lovely as whenshe was Phil Baker, in Universitydays. And, as in any household, thework goes on — fixing up the basementrumpus room, the leaves to be raked and burned, the rest of the stormwindows to go up, the workshop, thetennis court for next summer.Both Jay and Phil still feel strongties with the Midway. "I'm glad Iwent to school there, and I'll alwaysback the University," Jay says.Football at Chicago now?Like many other alumni, Berwanger did not approve of the University's action in withdrawing fromintercollegiate football in 1939. Hefelt that Chicago could at that timehave continued to play, but mightwell have dropped down to a competitive level below that of the largerinstitutions, such as those of the BigTen. He figured that a schedulecomprising teams of the caliber ofBeloit and Ripon would have beena better solution.But that was 1939. Does Ber wanger think Chicago could now everreturn to intercollegiate football competition? No, he says, because theCollege plan has so drastically alteredthe age level of the student body thateven competition with colleges likeBeloit would be out of the question.Under the circumstances, Jay thinksthat the present course at the University is the only feasible one andthat, somehow, the University appears to be getting along excellently.So that's the story. Nowadays,when the movies seem dedicated tothe documentation of neurosis, thestage to extravaganza, the novel tofrustration, and television and radioto crime, what might once have beena stock story probably wouldn't makemuch of a script or a novel after all.Wouldn't sell. But it is reassuring toknow that real life can still be livedand lived pretty well. — D.M.PHIL BERWANGER LAUGHS AS HUSBAND JAY HOLDS LAWNMOWER. THIS CHORE ORDINARILY IS DONE BY SON JOHNReaders Are MadeNot BornThe astonishing case history ofWalter emphasizes the importance of the University's pioneering work in the field of readingauthor robinson and model work with rate controller By Helen M. Robinson, PhD '44IT SEEMED utterly incredible.Walter Kronquist, as we shall callhim, had been convicted of stealinga diamond bracelet, basically becausehe couldn't read. Walter was 18/ theson of a prosperous Wichita grainmerchant. Without apparent reason,he had broken into a jewelry storeone night, lifted the bracelet, and presented it to his girl.It was not a prank. And Walterwas not a kleptomaniac. If the storehad been open, he would have boughtthe bracelet. But the store was closed,and he had promised the gift for thatnight. In a panic, he felt that hesimply couldn't let the girl down.Released in the custody of hisparents, Walter was sent to the Department of Education at the University. Tests showed ¦ that Walterwas an abysmally poor reader. At18, he could barely manage to readat the second grade level. Accordingly, he was sent to the University'sReading Clinic for further diagnosisand treatment.At the Clinic, Walter explainedthat he thought the reason he hadso much difficulty in reading was de fective eyesight. Although the examination which had been a routine partof his diagnosis had shown no defects,he was tested again. His eyesightwas perfectly normal, but he wasgiven a pair of optically neutralglasses anyhow, for morale purposes,and proceeded with the Clinic's remedial program.Pathetic trickBit by bit, the story of his difficultycame out. In elementary school, hehad found reading virtually impossible. He simply was unable to recognize written or printed words. Thisis one of the commonest forms ofreading disability. But because hisproblem was not recognized, Walterhad appeared to his classmates to beexceedingly stupid. Because he wasteased about his "dumbness," andbecause he feared that he would become an outcast, Walter fell back ona pathetic trick to maintain his standing among his schoolmates. Hebought their friendship. His allowance was generous, and he usedevery penny of it to buy presents for other children, whose respect he sobadly wanted. Convinced that if theflow of presents stopped, he wouldagain become the group's goat, hiscompulsion to keep on giving grewand grew. At last, confronted with aclosed jewelry store, a gift promised,and a desperate desire to please,Walter resorted to thievery.Fortunately, the ending was happy.Diagnosis had revealed that Walterwas unable to recognize the words ina third grade book. Furthermore, hehad at his command no effective wayof unlocking the meaning of unfamiliar words. Naturally, his comprehension and rate of reading were greatlyimpaired by his basic difficulty inword recognition. There was noevidence of any basic factors whichmight have caused the difficulty. Hewas -emotionally disturbed, but thisappeared to be the result of readingfailure, rather than the cause of it.Instruction directed toward remedying Walter's difficulties beganwith the reading of a book on steamengines, with a tutor to help withthe many strange words. As thetreatment progressed, the number of18 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEwords Walter could recognize at sightsteadily grew, and each new wordwas presented as a key which couldthen unlock still more unfamiliarwords. As soon as he was convincedthat he could read, after all, Walterwas given books of mature interest,but, at first, with easy vocabularies,which he was to read without assistance. After nine months, Walter'sreading level had climbed from second grade to beginning high school,and thereafter his progress was steady.He regained confidence in himself, returned to Wichita, and eventuallybecame a successful member of hisfather's firm.Reading unique disciplineNot all the problems which confront us at the Reading Clinic are sodramatic, but some are of more far-reaching significance. Apparently, nomatter how effective we make theteaching of reading in the elementaryschools, there will always remain somechildren who will be unable to read,or to read well enough, without additional help. This is probably true inother disciplines as well; there may,for instance, be small numbers of children who are unable to draw or tosing, without individual training. Butreading is such an all-pervading function, lying so .near the heart of theeducative process, that reading disability assumes a special importance.It is from this standpint that the University's Reading Clinic along withsimilar centers in other parts of thecountry, is attempting to meet thisquantitatively small but pressing need.Raw material for the Clinic's program consists of 30 to 40 persons, ofall ages and with all types of readingdefects, who are under treatment atany one time.Effect of left-footedness?In the course of the diagnostic testsand re-training administered to thesepatients are used the battery of aidswhich have been developed throughthe years at the University and elsewhere! These include the ophthalmograph, the idea for which was basedon the original eye-movement cameradesigned at Chicago by Dr. Guy T.Buswell. This instrument films theeyes' movements as they jump fromword to word or sweep across wholegroups of words. Another deviceis the tachistoscope, which forces OPHTHALMOGRAPH MAKES MOVIE OF EYE MOVEMENTS, SHOWS BAD HABITSPHRASE FLASHES BRIEFLY AS THE TACHISTOSCOPE TIMES WORD RECOGNITION(Models Patty Seyfert and Chip Rovetta actually have no reading disabilities.)NOVEMBER, 1951 19the eyes to accustom themselves tograsping groups of symbols in ever-shortening intervals of time. A thirdmechanical aid is the reading ratecontroller, which continually crowdsthe eyes as they move down a page.More important than the actualwork of treating patients, whose number must necessarily be limited by theClinic's somewhat cramped quartersin the basement of Judd Hall, is thework it enables us to do in creatingpersonnel skilled in reading diagnosisand remedial methods. This enlargesthe Clinic's usefulness from that of alocal enterprise to something nationalin scope. Some of the alumni of theClinic's program have gone intoremedial reading vacuum areas toestablish new clinics, some to joinschool systems as reading counselors,and still others to establish new centers for the training of new cycles ofreading experts.Meanwhile, of course, we are carrying on a program of research, part ofa series of continuing investigativeefforts at the University which dateback almost to its founding. We aretrying to find out whether it is possible to relate rate of reading to human tempo as a whole. We haveunder way a study of eye, hand, foot, and ear orientation to discover, if possible, what right or left handedness,or footedness, may have to do withreading problems.We are also trying to learn whateffects on reading progress are produced by some of the vision problemsof children. In addition, we are engaged in making an evaluation of thevisual screening tests now available toschools.Another kind of helpAnother area of research is ananalysis of the components of comprehension: what specifically enablesa reader to extract meaning from aset of symbols. Finally, we havenearly completed a study of personaladjustment as related to reading ability, the sort of problem of whose existence such cases as that of WalterKronquist have made us poignantlyaware.It is this approach to reading problems which is perhaps the most appealing to me, for I entered the fieldby way of a grounding in psychological work.Several years prior to my arrival atthe University, it was my job to certify children for special classes of slowlearners. Frequently teachers re ferred, for these classes, bright pupilswho were unable to read. Thesepupils, of course, had to be refusedcertification; though they obviouslywere in need of help, it was a different kind of help. As I became increasingly aware of the problem confronting these teachers, my consciousness that there was a gap in the educational process steadily increased.When I came to Chicago, as superintendent of the University's Orthogenic School, the problem of readingdisabilities still pursued me. Thesearch for a solution led me first tothe literature, and thence to Dr. William S. Gray, and under his inspiration and guidance I undertook further research in the field. When, in1944, the faculty of the Departmentof Education decided to inauguratethe Reading Clinic, I was chosen itsdirector.Like most problems, the difficultiesinvolved in reading handicaps haveyielded gradually to the steady chipping away of systematic research. Themillennium, needless to say, is not yetat hand, but we in the Clinic are convinced that seven years of work haveproduced worthwhile results in a fieldwhich, though essentially undramatic,grows in importance as society's pacequickens.PERCY IS NEWEST, YOUNGEST TRUSTEECharles H. Percy, '41, president ofBell & Howell Company, is the University's newest and youngest trustee.Percy is 32, and the fifteenth alumnusmember of the present Board.While still a student, Percy enteredthe cooperative training program ofBell & Howell Company, and a yearafter graduation, at 23, he was electeda director. Following the death ofJoseph H. McNabb in January, 1949,Percy was named to succeed him aspresident of the company, whichmakes motion picture equipment.A Navy lieutenant for three wartime years, Percy was attached to theAdvance Base Aviation Training unitas area representative for three navaldistricts.On his return to civilian life, Percywas made secretary of Bell o.nd Howelland director of the company's industrial relations and personnel divisionand its foreign manufacturing. At the University, Percy captaineda Big Ten championship water poloteam and was president of both AlphaDelta Phi and the Inter-fraternityCouncil. He also headed Owl andSerpent.Active in civic affairs, Percy is adirector of the Ford Foundation'sFund for Adult Education, a trusteeof the Illinois Institute of Technology,a director of theAlumni Foundationof the University;and co-chairman ofthe National Confer-e n c e of Christiansand Jews.A resident of Ken-ilworth, Percy wasmarried last year tothe former LorraineGuyer, of Altadena,Calif. — J. L.20 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEMAKERERE STUDENT (RIGHT) LOST BISHOP, WON A CAMBRIDGE SCHOLARSHIPThe Struggle for Learningin AfricaBy Edwin S. Munger, '47, PhD '51COLLEGE EDUCATION inAfrica is a small and strugglingthing, but in spite of its smallness,almost any generalization about itsnature and progress is bound to bemisleading. Africa south of the Sahara is a jigsaw puzzle of diversecolonial policies, racial and culturalturmoil, and resulting confusion ineducation.More than two thousand studentsare going to college now in tropicalAfrica — in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Uganda, Nigeria, the GoldCoast, Sierra Leone (all British territories) , and in Senegal, at the newFrench university college in Dakar.They are all African students exceptin Dakar, where schools make no distinction between French and African.South of tropical Africa, four majoruniversities and five university collegesof the Union of South Africa arecontinuing their long established educational leadership of a modern nation. But here, of twenty-two thou sand students, less than three per centare Africans.The most important factors determining the number and characterof colleges in West, Central, and EastAfrica stem directly from the differentcolonial attitudes of the mothercountries.In the Congo, Belgian philosophydoes not look for independence — atleast not in this century. The Belgianshave emphasized material progressand have achieved a great deal interms of shoes for Africans, contourplowing, and mineral production.Education has been concentrated atthe primary school level to produceskilled clerks, medical aid men, goodlocomotive drivers.Throughout the vast extent ofAfrique Equatoriale Francaise andAfrique Occidentale Francaise, equality within the French Union is a goalthat implies no independence for individual colonies because each Africanhas achieved a personal emancipation as a French citizen. As Frenchcitizens, African students are pouredinto the same mold as French students and look toward French universities for their training.Portugal has kept its two enormouscolonies in Africa — Angola, on theAtlantic Ocean, and Mozambique, onthe Indian Ocean — as closed preserves for Portuguese businessmen andideas, with no thought of eventual independence. There is very little colorbar in the Portuguese territories.There is a strong culture bar. On theup-side of the culture bar are all thePortuguese plus selected Africans whospeak Portuguese and conform to thegeneral mores of the group. Thiscaste sends its young men to collegein Portugal. This year the firstAfrican from Mozambique arrived inthe United States to enter college,following studies in Lisbon.British colonial philosophy hasundergone considerable practicalchange in the past ten years. Fordecades it was aimed theoretically ateventual self-government for Africancolonies. Today the clock is beingpushed rapidly ahead by nationalisticAfrican groups. It is my opinion thatthe Gold Coast — where I recentlylived for seven months — will attaindominion status within the next fiveyears.Its eye on the goal of self-government, Britain is trying to build, so faras possible, a strong educationaledifice. It can't be just a foundationof primary training; it must carrythrough the university level in orderto leave the African colony with well-equipped individuals in nearly alloccupations. This means they aretrying to have first-class medicalschools, for example.Back to cow's bloodBesides varying patterns imposedby colonial philosophies, there areareal differences which reflect thestate of development of individualtribes in terms of Western standardsand simple differences in length ofEuropean culture contact.There has been primary schoolingof some sort in the Gold Coast, inWest Africa, for over one hundredyears. But Uganda came into contact with Europe only fifty years ago.I've talked, in Swahili, with aUganda college student's father whoremembers throwing a spear at thefirst white face he saw.NOVEMBER, 1951 21The proud and aristocratic Masaitribe in Kenya and Tanganyika stillconsider themselves superior to Western civilization and refuse to havemuch to do with it. One boy did attend college — and, incidentally, hada great deal of artistic ability. Butafter two years he couldn't stand being away from his tribe any longerand left school to return to hisfather's dung-floored hut and a dietof cow's milk and cow's blood.It is difficult to give a balancedpicture of college in Africa. In contrast, the Gold Coast, with a population of five million, has over onethousand graduates of British andAmerican colleges and universities —the highest percentages being doctorsand lawyers.Difficulties formidableWhat are some of the problems ofcolleges in Africa?Medical schools are extremely expensive. The University College ofNigeria is spending over half its income on its medical school, whichreally needs more money. Yet it istaking so much that other departments are pinched for funds and theirwork suffers. One might say: thenumbers of students are small; whycan't they be sent to British or American medical schools? This has beendone, but it has serious disadvantages.First is the degree of specializationthat characterizes American medicine.Although the simpler problems ofpublic health have been pretty welllicked here, they are of paramountimportance in underdeveloped areas.A second disadvantage is the partialmisfit that results from training a manto diagnose diseases of the temperatezone and of Western society where, infact, he will be practicing in atropical and often primitive environment.The universities of South Africahave another kind of problem. For awhite population of two million, theyhave four major institutions of highereducation with graduate training. Itisn't hard to see that at the University of Capetown, for one, there maybe only one or two or no graduatestudents in a particular department inany one year. So formal graduatecourses are impractical; and academicpeople feel generally that the smalland isolated staffs and limited number of students lack a stimulating en vironment in which to rub ideas together.I mentioned the adjustments ofthe Masai boy. Not all are so drasticor so dramatic. But when trainingteachers in tropical Africa, one mustnever forget that they may be teaching in a village with no library, noelectricity, no safe or even dependable water supply, among peopleridden by disease. Frequently theymay be ostracized or just ignored bythe few whites in their area. Thecollege graduate returning home toteach will, in many tribes, find not asingle girl who has been through primary — let alone secondary — school,whom he can look upon as a prospective bride.The teacher has literally no onewith whom he can discuss a book, orthe United Nations, or even thelatest cricket scores. Makerere College in Uganda makes a real effortto have its staff visit the outlyingschools and stay overnight to givethese isolated teachers at least an evening now and then of conversationand exchange of ideas.Language creates profound difficulties for colleges. European languages are used at the college level,but in British territories it may takethe whole freshman year just to raisethe level of English so that other subjects can be effectively taught.Uganda had to abandon using English as the medium of instruction inAFRICAN EDUCATION IS SPREAD THINthe primary schools because thereweren't enough capable teachers.Pupils were failing in arithmeticsimply for lack of English.In Kenya there is still anothercomplication. Three languages areused. First, teaching is in a vernacular, such as Kikuyu; then pupils aretaught Swahili; and then taught English through Swahili. Imagine teach ing biology to ten-year-old Americanpupils in German, which languagethey had been taught in Spanish.Too much obedience toward andblind worship of European officials,teachers, and clergy tend to blunt theinquiring eagerness and atrophy theimagination of these beginning college students. I recall giving a sophomore class at Makerere an assignment on the geography of Argentina.They were told to read what threeleading authors had to say on a particular region and then compare andcontrast the treatments. Up went thehands. "Which one is right?" "Whyread the wrong one?" "You tell uswhich is best and we will memorizeit."After theyve seen Paree . . .Not being able to direct the endto which students put their trainingposes problems for colonial governments. It isn't necessarily desirablethat there should be control, but absence of direction can make for someodd anomalies. Here is an examplefrom the French Chad Colony. InFort Lamy, where I was a fewmonths ago, one feels a long wayfrom everywhere. The town is onthe border of the Sahara; and thedistance south to Douala, the oceanoutlet, is a thousand miles, by terribleroad. Last year the first two Africansfrom the Chad to become doctorswere graduated in Paris. They hadgone all the way on governmentscholarships, as nearly all studentsfrom French territories do. The authorities were looking forward to theircoming back and practicing in thelarger towns of the colony. But bothnew doctors decided to exercise theirrights as French citizens and stay inFrance, where one married a Frenchgirl. The Chad still doesn't have alocal product as a doctor, and theirshortage of medical aid continues.The British require a bond of students whose entire education is government-financed, binding the graduates to work for the governmentfive, seven, or nine years.The question of autonomy is anextremely important and complexone facing colleges in Africa. In theGold Coast, for example, power isconcentrated in the hands of a central government whose head is thegovernor. It is composed of a well-trained team of civil servants, whoseduties permeate almost every segment99 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEof life. It operates railroads andports, underwrites air services, buildshousing estates, manages telephoneand telegraph systems and radiobroadcasting, finances schools, encourages and supervises export crops,and shapes the whole economythrough customs duties, import andexport licenses, and currency regulations. The government is paternalistic and omnipotent. For these reasons the independent spirit and attitude of colleges is greatly needed —and for the same reasons difficult toattain.In East Africa, the college pursestrings of Makerere are largely heldby the legislatures of the three mainterritories — which in Kenya meansby the white settlers. The issue ofwho shall give money, and then whoshall have a say in determining policy,seems to be the most fundamentallydifficult problem of African colleges.However, that conclusion obviouslyreflects American prejudice. After all,we don't have government-supportedRegis Professors; and although wemay prize the same freedom as anend product, we traditionally look atrelations between governments andcolleges in a different light from theBritish, and a very different lightfrom the French.Educational bottlenecks in Britishand French territories are secondaryschools. Expansion of colleges andestablishment of new ones are severelylimited by the number of secondaryschool graduates. Yet, large numbersof good primary school graduatescan't squeeze into secondary schools.Education in the rainThat leads to the earnestness ofso many Africans for education. Oneof the greatest problems of the principal of a secondary school in Kenya,Uganda, Tanganyika, the Gold Coast,Nigeria, or Sierra Leone is keepingboys and girls out of his classes. Hehas to spend hours safeguarding theentrance examinations from thosewho would like an advance peek. Atmany ^schools he has a steady streamof parents begging him to let theiracademically qualified boy or girl en-.. ter his over-crowded school. Theparents try to leave the tuition andboard money under his desk secretly —just so the child might attend classesthough never be carried on the rollsor given a diploma — so the principalcould pocket the money. Not only do the people try to bribehim; they try to bribe his teachers tosecure more education for their children — partly because of the increasedearning capacity it gives the children.The director of Methodist schools inthe Gold Coast recently was approached by a village chief with a"big palaver." The complaint wasthat the village had built fine housesfor two teachers and slipped themone hundred pounds each to lurethem from a neighboring village.Now they have been transferred toa distant school, and the teachers refuse to return the bribes. Should thedirector fire the teachers and reportthe matter to his mission board; andtell the old chief it is his own faultfor bribing? Or should he try tojuggle his teachers among two hundred odd schools and give the chief'svillage two extra-good teachers to re ward the eagerness for e.ducation?The thirst for education isn't foundeverywhere. Some places, free mealsmust be furnished to entice students.And so far no satisfactory method hasbeen developed of persuading mostfathers that ' their daughters shouldbe in school instead of working inthe fields with mother.When one does find the thirst, itcan be heart-rending. I visited amedium-size school in Togoland ona very rainy day. It was early, beforeany classes had started, and a crowdof children was standing quietly outside in the rain. I asked the principal why they couldn't go in. "Oh,"he explained, "they aren't regularpupils. They have just come becauseit is a rainy day, and if some of theregular pupils don't come to school,they will beg for the chance to sit inthe vacant seats."STUDENTS OF ACHIMOTA COLLEGE STREAMING ACROSS CAMPUS AFTER CHAPELNOVEMBER, 1951 23C #{/¦ MAGAZINIMORE LEADERS AMONGITS READERS!That's what top executives everywhereare discovering about Mid-West AlummMagazines. Chicago is one of the sevenAlumni Magazines that compose theMid-West Group, which has98,000 READERS!A selective audience with BIG Incomes,BIG Influence, BIG Needs-a BIG primary market for advertisers.POND LETTER SERVICEEverything in LettenHc«v«a TyptwrltlaiMultlfrtphlniAddrassaaraph Sarvlu MlneaaraphlaaAddraulaaMalllMHlahatt Quality Sanrltt MIbImubi PrltatAll Phones: 219 W. Chicago AvenueMl 2-8883 Chicago 10, IllinoisPHOTOPRESS, INC.OFFSET-LITHOGRAPHYFine Color Work A SpecialtyQuality Book Reproduction731 Plymouth CourtWAbash 2-8182CLARKE-McELROYPUBLISHING CO.6140 Cottage Grove AvenueMidway 3-3935"Goad Printing of All De*cription$"BIRCK-FELLINGER CORP.ExclusiveCleaners & Dyers200 E. Marquette RoadPhone: WEntworth 6-5380ADVANCEENGRAVING COMPANYPhoto EngraversArtists — ElectrotypersMakers of printing plates426 S. Clinton HArrison 7-3440 CLASS NEWS1900Clark S. Reed and Alice Judson, '03 (Mrs.Gordon Laing), both of Chicago, were married August 1, 1951. Mrs. Reed was thedaughter of the late University PresidentHarry Pratt Judson. She and Clark Reedhave been friends from the turn of thecentury. They are living at 5656 Dorchester Avenue, Chicago.1901Bishop R. R. Wright, Jr., AM '04, of theAME Church— the largest body of NegroMethodists in Texas— last spring observedgraduation anniversaries at two Universities. On June 15 he joined the reunionof the class of 1901 at the University ofChicago, where 50 years ago he was awarded the DB degree. The following day hecelebrated the 40th anniversary of his receiving the PhD degree at the University ofPennsylvania, at the class of 1911 reunion.He was the first Negro in America to receive that degree, with a major in sociology.1906Marie G. Ortmayer, MD '17, is a physician, specializing in gastroenterology, inChicago.1907One of Clarence A. Bales' (JD '11) majorinterests during the past several years hasbeen in the men's Bible class of the FirstPresbyterian Church of Chicago. The classrecently celebrated its fiftieth anniversary.Blanche E. Riggs, AM '10, has retired ashead of the English department in thesecondary schools of New Brunswick, NewJersey, and spends much of her time travelling.1908Edgar N. Durfee, JD, is a lawyer withihe Legal Research Library of Ann Arbor,Michigan.1909Zelma Davidson Harza spent December,1950, through April, 1951, touring Indiawith her husband, who is a consultant onhydro-electric development, irrigation, andflood control projects there.John P. Francis is an engineer with theSolvay division of Allied Chemical and Dye,in Syracuse.Pearl Franklin, of Chicago, has retiredfrom the faculty of Wright Junior Collegeand is giving considerable time to Hadassah.1910Beulah Armacost (Mrs. Lawrence J. Hess)writes: "Mighty busy trying to be an informed and active citizen." She is a member of both the Baltimore and the Maryland League of Women Voters and is onthe committee for social education and action of the Second Presbyterian Churchof Baltimore.Eleazar R. Bowie is professor and headof the department of radiology at LouisianaStaje University in New Orleans. Chauncey E. Hope, of Kalamazoo, Michigan, is president and treasurer of GoldMedal Dairy, Inc., and secretary of HopeFarms, Inc., both in Lawton, Michigan.Abigail C. Lazelle, AM '31, has retiredfrom his teaching post at Eureka College,and has returned to Springfield, Illinois,where he taught in the high school for17 years. He adds that "I have not retiredfrom work."The University of Houston announcedlast spring the formal opening of the Edison E. Oberholtzer Hall in honor of Mr.Edison Oberholtzer, AM '16, presidentemeritus of the University of Houston.1911William C. Craver, is supervisor of theagency department of the Watchtower LifeInsurance Company of Texas, with headquarters in Houston.Dr. James R. McCain, AM, retired fromthe presidency of Agnes Scott College,Decatur, Georgia, July 1, 1951, after 28years of service.During the summer, two members of thefamily of John W. MacNeish startedhomes of their own. Daughter Jeanie wasmarried to Eugene Neuendorf, who willbe graduated from Wisconsin in February,from which Jeanie was also graduated.Son John was married to Margaret AnneWimmer of Cuba City, Wisconsin. Johnattended Chicago before completing workfor his degree at the University of Iowa.He was the seventh MacNeish to attendChicago. During the war he served onthe S.S. Missouri.Edward J. Strick, MD, is a school physician in Palo Alto, California.J. Parker Van Zandt, deputy for civilaviation in the Office of the Secretary ofthe Air Force, was the principal speakerat the annual field day of the Flying Farmers of Prairie Farm Land on August 13 atChanute Air Force Base, Illinois. Thepurpose of the meet was to organize airevacuation plans which would be effectedby civilian aviation defense organizationsand Chanute AF Base pilots, should thatarea be a target of bombardment or a sceneof flood or fire.1912James T. Haviland, ex- '12, is vice president of the Lumberman's Mutual Insurance company of Philadelphia.Christine Maclntyre (Mrs. C. M. Hughes),of Evanston, Illinois, works in the alumnioffice at Northwestern University, Chicago.She is superintendent of the primary department at Covenant Methodist Church.1913Clinton O. Dicken has been made executive vice president of E. J. Brach Sc Sons,Chicago.Winifred Miller (Mrs. John M. Clark)reports that "since last writing I have seena lot of U. of C. alumni, in PhiladelphiaTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEin April, and this summer in Maine. Wepicnicked with Geraldine Brown Gilkey, '11,and her husband, Charles W. Gilkey, andI had the unexpected pleasure of an over-"One Fifth of theHuman Race"For six months, in 1949, HarrisWofford, Jr., '48, and his wife, Clare,on a free-lance fellowship from theFoundation for World Government,criss-crossed the length and breadthof India to learn first-hand aboutthe social revolution sweeping thatvast sub-continent— the home of one-fifth of the human race.They talked with high-placed officials and starving peasants and untouchables, with students and businessmen, with Communist supportersand Socialist leaders. They attendedmeetings of Nehru's Congress Party,of Socialists, of Communists. Theytalked with refugees from the horrors of the Hindu-Muslim riots andthe tragic Pakistan settlement. Theylived and studied with students atuniversities. They visited Sevagram-Gandhi's village, where the experiment begun by Gandhi to prove that'a decent society could be constructed nonviolently even in India'smost backward village" is being carried forth by his followers. One oftheir self-assignments as students wasto seek an assessment of the influence of the life and teachings ofGandhi in the solution of India's tremendous problems.By living in Indian homes theywere able to get an intimate insightinto the break-up of the old customs, such as marriage and eating,under the impact of the urge forequality and social reform and tosee what it means to millions of people to be caught between the oldand the new.And they discovered, as have otherhonest observers in Asia, that "racialdiscrimination at home is the numberone obstacle to American foreignpolicy.They brought back a sad and soberstory of Nehru's Congress party,bogged down in corruption ana conservatism, whose procrastinating "toolittle— too late" policy is losing it thepeople's loyalty and support whichGandhi had so painstakingly won.The account of their six-month studyhas gone into an exciting, fast readingbook, INDIA AFIRE, published recently by The John Day Co. It is abook which shows the Woffords afire toenlighten Americans about the needfor our help and understanding ifIndia is to solve her problems democratically. In this book they have skillfully woven historical background withtheir personal observations and experiences to give the reader a penetratingpictuse of present-day India.The Woffords came back from Indiaconvinced that there is still hope fora democratic alternative in the solutionof India's problems, and that this hopelies mainly with the Indian SocialistParty and the "remarkable trio" at itshead — American - educated JaipraskashNarayan, Dr. Ram Manohar I.ohia, andAshok Mehta. The influence of Gandhiis plainly seen in these three men andin the program of the Socialist party night guest in the person of Mollie RaeCarroll, '11, AM '15, PhD '20, now in theState Department."Earl B. McKnight, ex, is agency managerof the Connecticut General Life InsuranceCo. in New York City.Paul W. Tatge has been elected treasurerof the Chicago Bar Association.1914Sidney M. Cadwell and Mrs. Cadwell(Elizabeth Nichol, '16), of Grosse Pointe,Michigan, have recently returned from aEuropean tour. Mr. Cadwell is Directorof Research and Technical Developmentof the U. S. Rubber Company in Detroit.Willard P. Dickerson has retired fromthe Ohio Bell Telephone company, and isnow living on his farm in Oregon, Illinois.Harry A. Finney, co-author with HerbertE. Miller, of "Principles of Accounting:Intermediate," had the fourth edition ofthat volume published by Prentice-Hall inMay, 1951. Mr. Finney, a member of theChicago firm of Baumann, Finney andCompany, certified Public accountants, iseditor of Prentice-Hall's Accounting Series.Rollin N. Harger, of Grosse Pointe,Michigan, formerly with the Chrysler SalesCorporation, is now Vice President of theActive Tool and Manufacturing Company.Patty Newbold Hoefner writes that shehas two married daughters, and a youngestone who is a senior in college, all of themtrained as teachers. "I am substituting inthe New York City high schools occasionally. Would love to entertain any U. of C.friends."M. E. Shattuck, ex- '14, is Assistant Superintendent of Schools of Detroit. Mrs. Shattuck is the former Doris Graves, '21.HARRIS AND CLARE WOFFARDwhich seeks to avoid violence and theCommunist pattern in directing theIndian revolution.The Woffords predict that the daysof the Congress party are numbered,and that before too many years, powerwill fall into the hands of the Socialistparty, giving India what China did nothave— a chance to avoid the totalitarianextreme as it works toward reform.This past summer, Mr. Wofford servedas guide to Dr. Lohia, who was on aspeaking tour of the United States, hisfirst trip to this country. The itineraryof this philosopher and foreign policychairman of the Indian Socialist partyincluded a Chicago stop-over and a well-attended Mandel Hall lecture.At the present time, the Woffords areleading a more "stable" existence— heas a law student at Howard university,and Clare as a worker in the Office ofIntelligence Research in the State Department. BOYDSTON BROS.. INC.UNDERTAKERSSines 18924227-29-31 Cottag. Grova Ava.OAkland 4-0492Sine* 1885ALBERTTeachers' AgencyTh*Collwide belt In placement service for UBge, Secondary and Elementary.patronage. Call or wrlit ui al nlverlliy.Nation-25 E. Jackson Blvd.Chicago A, IllinoisW. B. Conkey Co.Division ofRand McNally & CompanyCHICAGO • HAMMOND • NEW YORKTREMONTAUTO SALES CORP.Direct Factory DealerfarCHRYSLER and PLYMOUTHNEW CARS6040 Cottage GroveMUseum 4-4500AbeGuaranteed Used Cars andComplete Automobile Repair,Body. Paint, Simonize, Washand Greasing DepartmentsMID WESTALUMNI MAC-Phone, Write or Call—but one way or another get theREAL Advertising Story back ofthese seven alumni magazines.Data available from your ownAlumni Magazine office, or American Alumni Magazines at 22Washington Square, N., NewYork 11. GRamercy 5-2039NOVEMBER, 1951 25Old-fashionedgoodness . . .New creamysmoothness!Same rich flavor as ice cream made in anold-fashioned freezer, blended to newcreamy smoothness — that's Swift's Ice Cream!t Swift & Company7409 So. Slate StreetPhone RAdcliff 3-7400Telephone HAymarket 1-3120E. A. AARON & BROS. Inc.Fresh Fruits and VegetablesDistributors ofCEDERGREEN FROZEN FRESH FRUITS ANDVEGETABLES46-48 South Wafer Market0>HCliifNCf IN tticriicAi riooucrsigleivotxlELECTRICAL SUPPLY CO.Dlsulbims, Minslietaisn ill Jakbert MELECTRICAL MATERIALSAND FIXTURE SUPPLIES5801 Halsted St. - ENglewood 4-7500TELEVISIONDrop in and sea a programRADIOSFrom consoles to portablesRadio-TV ServiceAt home or shooELECTRICAL APPLIANCESRefrigerators RangesWashers ' BlanketsSPORTING GOODSFor all seasonsRECORDSPopular-SymphoniesFine collection for childrenHERMANS935 E. 55th StreetAt Ingleside AvenueTelephone Midway 3-6700Robert Gaertner, '34 Julian Tiihlor. '33 1915George M. Morris, JD, a member of thelaw firm of Morris, KixMiller and Baar,Washington, D. C, has been designatedas the representative of the United Stateson the United Nations Committee on International Criminal Court.James H. Smith, AM '16, of Oshkosh,Wisconsin, is the joint author, withThomas J. Durell and Adaline Hagaman,of "Arithmetic for Today," published bythe Charles E. Merrill Company, Columbus, Ohio.1916Franklin Jennings, AM, DB '17, is executive secretary of the MassachusettsCouncil of Churches in Boston.Nat M. Kahn, ex, has been named tothe board of managers of the Chicago Barassociation.Elizabeth W. Tragitt is a high schoolteacher in Jacksonville, Florida.1917Andrew J. Dallstream, JD '17, has beenelected first vice president of the ChicagoBar association.Samuel H. Kalis, LLB, is a retail merchant for "Stores-without-a-Name" in Kansas City, Kansas.Miriam B. Libby (Mrs. James M. Evans),of New York City, is director of ChristianWorld Missions and World Day of Prayerof the United Church Women of the National Council of The Churches of Christin the U.S.A.Elcy M. Russell and her husband, AlbertF. Holdeman, have a 22 section ranch inSan Angelo, Texas, on which they raisesheep, goats and cattle.Harry G. Wheat, AM, professor of education at West Virginia University, is incharge of the new curriculum leading totlie degree of bachelor of science in elementary education at that University.1918Lulu Durland Nelson is teaching in aprivate school. Mr. Nelson is a retiredOmaha teacher. News of their medicalfamily includes two MD sons, Dr. L. M.Nelson in Santa Barbara, and Dr. F. E.Nelson in Ames, Iowa. Their two sons-in-law include one doctor, and also a teacher.Ten grandchildren, adds Mrs. Nelson.Herman L. Ellsworth, JD, has been elected a member of the Board of Trustees ofthe John Marshall Law School, Chicago.Hugh G. Harp, SM '24, is head of themathematics department at Ohio NorthernUniversity, Ada, Ohio.Freda M. Lang (Mrs. C. F. Wermuth) isbranch manager of Copy Papers Sales &Service, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.Dr. Romma Morse Mann, of Chicago, hascrossed the country five times in the lastthree years, lecturing for the U. N. Association for Peace.C. Phillip Miller, MD, is professor ofmedicine and member of the Institute ofRadiobiology and Biophysics at the University of Chicago.Marion E. Stearns (Mrs. Arthur J. Barclay) is County Supervisor of HomemakingEducation in Tampa, Florida.1919Ernest E. Leisy, AM, has recently servedas an exchange professor in Vienna, givingcourses there at the university in Americanliterature. He and his wife toured Italyand Switzerland during the summer andthen went to western Germany where morelecturing on American literature was onthe docket.Edward T. Soukup, PhB, is president ofthe Business Development Corp., New YorkCity. DR. MERVIN J. KELLYMervin J. Kelly was elected presidentlast spring of Bell Telephone Laboratories,the research and development organizationof the Bell system.Dr. Kelly is one of the nation's leadersin the field of industrial research. In recognition of his war-time research in the electronic material and equipment for theArmy and Navy he received a presidentialcertificate of merit.1920Dr. Edna Clark Wentworth, AM '22, is asocial insurance analyst in Baltimore,Maryland.Olive L. Hutchinson, SM '25, PhD '47,(Mrs. William F. Kries) is professor ofbiology at Central Michigan College, Mt.Pleasant, Michigan.Tell Nelson, MD '23, is a specialist inallergy, practicing in Honolulu.O. Crandall Rogers, of Lakewood, Ohio,is president of the Phi Gamma Delta graduate chapter of Cleveland. His son, Orin,III, was called back to active duty as alieutenant in the U.S.N.R.Rev. Dom. E. Anslem Strittmater, AM,is doing liturgical research at the CollegioSant'Anselmo, Monte Aventino, Rome,Italy.1921George B. Cressey, SM, PhD '23, is professor and head of the department ofGeography at Syracuse university.Charlotte McCarthy, MD '41, is practicing medicine in Baltimore.Norman C. Meier, AM '22, is associateprofessor of psychology and director of thebureau of audience research, University ofIowa.1922Alice "Patti" Bloedel Simpelaar's twosets of twins, all grown up now, are incollege. One son is beginning graduate'work at the University of Wisconsin inphysics; his twin sister is a senior at Cornell, and the two other daughters arejuniors at Ripon.Burdette E. Ford, of Detroit, has beenmade vice-president of the Hiram Walker-Gooderham and Worts Company. Mrs.Ford is the former Lillian Howard, ex- "23.Jerome Hall, ID "23, Hillman Lecturer atPacific University, Oregon, was visitingprofessor of law this summer at The SetonHall University Law School, Jersey City,New Jersey.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINERuth R. McCraken, of West Palm Beach,Florida, recently adopted two girls, Miriamand Lois, both aged eleven.M. Robert Sturman, JD '23, has formeda partnership for the general practice oflaw with Allan R. Bloch. Offices of thenew firm are at 120 S. LaSalle Street, Chicago. Mrs. Sturman is the former MarieC. Bernard, '31.Gail B. Ussery, LLB, is general managerof the Baltimore Better Business Bureau.Ruth Witter Riekman writes that theyhave moved from Balboa, Canal Zone, toSan Diego, since her husband's recentretirement.1923Harold C. Smith is Vice President andGeneral Manager of the Frank C. TealCompany, General Electric distributors forDetroit.William H. Stead, AM, is economic adviser to the Secretary of the Department ofInterior, Washington, D. C.Clarence E. Van Horn, PhD, is professorof mathematics at Wartburg College,Waverly, Ohio.1924Robert W. Bruce, AM, PhD '29, is acting chairman of the department of psychology and education at Wabash College,Crawfordsville, Indiana.1925E. Neil Benedict, of Detroit, recently hasbeen made Sales Manager of the MichiganMechanical Rubber Company.Mrs. Helen Harpel Byler is a travelingstudent adviser for the American School inChicago.Paul H. Harmon, PhD '29, MD '31, isdirector of orthopedic surgery at The Per-manente Hospitals, Oakland, California.His residence is in Alhambra.Florence A. Imlay, AM, of Lexington,Kentucky, is a food and nutrition specialist in the home demonstration departmentat the University of Kentucky.Matthew Margolis, PhB, is in partnershipwith his brother in a wholesale florist business in Albany.Elizabeth H. Noble writes that she andMrs. Helen J. Steinhauser Brokaro teach"side by side" at the James W. Riley HighSchool in South Bend, Indiana.It was a happy day for Joseph S. Perry,JD '27, on August 22 when the U. S. Senate unanimously confirmed his nominationas U. S. district judge for Illinois, thusrealizing Perry's life-long ambition to be afederal judge. In the current strugglebetween President Truman and SenatorPaul Douglas over federal judgeships forIllinois, Perry's nomination was the onlyone the two leaders agreed upon.The Perrys have two children, John, asophomore pre-law student at Northwestern, and Maribeth, a high school senior.Watt Stewart, AM, PhD '28, is professorof history and head of the department atNew York State College for Teachers inAlbany.1926Myron C. Barlow, PhD, has retired asprofessor "and chairman of the department°f psychology at the University of Utahand is living in Los Angeles, California.As a hobby, Myron is developing an irrigated 160-acre farm in Washington underthe Columbia Basin Project.Dorothy V. Cornell (Mrs. John L.Ahearne) is teaching at Northwestern HighSchool in Detroit, Michigan.Mayme Smith is spending winters inCalifornia and summers at her home inFriendship, Wisconsin. She adds that her "tentative occupation, if any, is tutoring inremedial reading and corrective speech."1927John R. Ball, PhD, professor emeritusof geology from Northwestern university,is now in the department of geology andgeography at the University of KansasCity, Missouri.Richard H. Chadwell, PhB, is presidentof the Weatherall Engineers, Inc., in Providence, R. I.C. Ross Dean, AM, is associate professorin education at Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana.George L. Grushkin is a theatrical agentin New York City.John A. Krafft is assistant principal ofthe Elgin (Illinois) Senior High School.Edith A. Stevens is principal of MissWood's Kindergarten-Primary TrainingSchool of Macalester College, St. Paul, Minnesota.Leo L. Stone is vice president of ElginAmerican in Toronto, Ont., Canada.1928Mrs. Ida B. De Pencier, AM '50, of Chicago, teaches fifth grade at the UniversityLaboratory School. She is a member of theBritannica Junior Advisory Committee.Oscar K. Dizmang, AM, is a price economist with the Office of Price Stabilizationin Spokane, Washington.Alonzo W. Pond, AM, has been sent bythe Air University, Maxwell Air ForceBase, Alabama, to the American University of Beirut, Lebanon, for an orientation course on the Near East. Mr. Pondis senior research and editorial specialistwith the Arctic, Desert, Tropic InformationCenter.Adelaide Sasser is a statistician with theCivil Aeronautics Administration in Atlanta, Georgia.Mary Ray Saxon is teaching mathematicsand Latin at the C. A. Johnson HighSchool, Columbia, South Carolina.Bessie G. Vecans (Mrs. Howard Church)is a bacteriologist in Chicago.1929Mrs. Evalyn V. Brinkman, SM '41, ofRiver Forest, Illinois, is associate professor of home economics at the IllinoisInstitute of Technology, Chicago.Marguerite LeClere Adams (Mrs. DonaldM.) teaches in the Wells High School,Chicago.1930R. W. Feyerharm, secretary- treasurer ofYankton (South Dakota) College and localchairman of our Alumni Foundation, hasmoved to Northfield, Minnesota, to becomeassistant treasurer of Carleton College. Mr.Feyerharm was a member of our Laboratory Schools' faculty before going to Yankton in 1930.1931Annie L. Baker, AM, is director of thesocial service department at UniversityHospitals, Minneapolis, Minnesota.Vera D. Dunleam was married in July,1950, to Nat M. Fruitman, a retired attorney. They live in Pasadena, California.Philip Kolb, AM '32, has been askedto edit a multi-volume edition of the letters of Marcel Proust. The Plon publishing company of Paris plans to issue thiscompletely new edition of the famous writer's letters, which will be based on Kolb'schronology of Proust's voluminous correspondence.Morris C. Perlmann, JD, is practicinglaw in Philadelphia.Fred B. Millett, PhD, of Middletown,Conn., has recently brought out an edition CLASSIFIED(30c per line)WANTED— Set of 8 or 12 U of C Spodewaredinner plates with different campus scene oneach plate. Give condition of set and price.Dr. Walter A. Stryker, 21604 E. River Rd.,Grosse He, Michigan.RESULTS . . .depend on getting the details RIGH1PRINTINGI mprin ting-Processed Letters - Typewriting:Addressing - Folding - MailingA Complete Service for Direct AdvertisersChicago Addressing Company722 So. Dearborn St., Chicago 5, 111.W A bash 2-4561Telephone KEnwood 6-1352J. E. KIDWELL FbrVt826 East Forty-seventh StreetChicago 15, IllinoisJAMES E. KIDWELLGood JobsOpen NowGirl Scout work offers qualified women life-time careers— accent on leadership, creative imagination, initiative.Executives assist adult volunteers, develop cooperationwith community groups.Travel and career advancement opportunities. BA,group leadership and campcounseling experience required. Openings in all sections U.S.A. Scout trainingunnecessary. Write :Personnel DepartmentGirl Scouts of the U.S.A.155 East 44th StreetNew York 17, New YorkNOVEMBER, 1951 27P.S. to the P.S.Here is the final set of SouthAmerican news notes sent in byEleanor M. Burgess, '20, who spent"a marvelous year" on her sabbaticalfrom Harrison High School (Chicago) traveling in that continent.Two University of Chicago graduates are running the consulate officein Belem, Para, Brazil. George J.Colman, PhD '14, is the consul there,and Rolf H. Masure, '32, is the vice-consul.Heloiso Marinho, '28, is professorof psychology in the Instituto deEducacao (Municipal Teachers College) in Rio. She is also professorin Bennett College.Betty L. Caldwell Fischer, '40, ioliving in Rio and is secretary to afirm of investment bankers.Carlos P. de Barros, '48, has received a scholarship from the StateDepartment. He is a lieutenant inthe Air Force and instructor in meteorology in the government schoolof aeronautics, as well as a weatherforecaster at the Santos-Dumont airport in Rio."On the famous Corcovado in Rio,I met Hoyt Roush, '21, who was ona two months' tour of South America,and giving his color photography areal work out."Aracy Muniz Freire, -ex '43, ishead of the guidance department inthe Instituto de Educacao in thehigh school and Teachers Collegewhere there are 3,800 students. MissFreire is also on the board of theInstituteo Brazil— Estados Unidos, aswell as director of the Girl Scoutsin Rio.Eva Louise Hyde, '19, has been director of Bennett College in Riosince 1921. Under the auspices ofthe Methodist Church in Brazil, theschool has 678 pupils, ranging fromnursery school through junior college.Dwight C. Williams, '37, lives inRio and is director vice-president ofthe International Harvester Maquinas de S.A. His wife is VirginiaTress, '37.Phones OAkland 4-0690—4-0691—4-069?The Old ReliableHyde Park Awning Co.INC.Awnings and Canopies for All Purpose.4508 Cottage Grove AvenueLATOURAINECoffee and TeaLa Touraine Coffee Co.209 Milwaukee Ave., ChicagoOther Plant*Boston — N.Y. — Phil. — Syracuse — Cleveland— Detroit"You Might As Wall Have The Beit"3 HOUR SERVICEEXCLUSIVE CLEANERSAND DYERSSince 19201442 and 1331 E. 57tb St.EVENING GOWNSAND FORMALSA SPECIALTY.... 8-0008 - V/a call/orMidway 8.0e0jj • anddmlivr3 HOUR SERVICEGolden Dirilyte(jormtrly Dirigoli)The Lifetime TablewareSOLID — NOT PLATEDComplete sets and open stockFINE BONE CHINAAynsley, Royal Crown Derby, Spode andOther Famous Males of Fine China. AlsoCrystal Table Linen and Gifts.COMPLETE TABLE APPOINTMENTSDirigo, Inc.70 E. Jaelson Blvd. Chicago 4, III. of Henry James' "Portrait of a Lady" inthe Modern Library College Editions.1932Anthony Alic, of Birmingham, Michigan,is a financial analyst with the Ford MotorCompany.Oliver W. Margrave, AM, is divisionhead, educational specialist, of the NavyTraining Publications Center, in Washington, D. C.Margaret W. Siemon, PhB, is an editorof the Book House for Children in Boston.Ralph H. Smallman, Detroit BranchManager for the Mason Shoe Manufacturing Company, has received the annual StarBranch Manager Trophy from the company in recognition of his accomplishmentsduring the past year.Mary S. Waller is a teacher in the Frenchdepartment and the Music department ofMacMurray College, Jacksonville, Illinois.1933Edith Ann Bach, AM (Mrs. Harry Norman), writes that she and her husband enjoyed a seven week trip by car this summerthrough Bryce Canyon, Zion National Park,Grand Canyon, to Mexico City via Laredo.returning by way of El Paso and LosAngeles. "Our camera shots turned ouiwell. We can recommend either road toMexico City; both are good— the Laredoscenic and full of curves, the El Paso lessscenic but excellent if one wishes to coverground quickly."Henry Cragg is director of manufacturingof the Minute Maid Corporation, WinterPark, Florida;George F. Dale sends news from theRadford arsenal in Virginia that he is"back in the harness of 10 years ago, reactivating this Hercules-operated, government-owned plant for making smokelesspowder for rifles, rockets, bazookas, trenchmortars, cannon, and what have you."Thomas P. Draine, MBA '39, is an accountant for the Linde Air Products, SanFrancisco, California.W. Barrett Fuchs, SM, is a teacher andcounsellor at Eastern High School, Washington, D. C.William E. Griffin, of Chicago, is employment interviewer and test administrator for the Illinois State EmploymentService.Hubert J. Mark is a Franciscan Brotherat Our Lady of Fatima Friary, Kenosha,Wisconsin.Superior Judge Stanley Mosk has assumed the presidency of the Vista Del MarChildren's Home in Los Angeles, California.A. Alexander Ribicoff, LLB, is a U. S.representative from Hartford, Connecticut.Hubert G. Schmidt, AM '36, of Middle-bush, New Jersey, is associate professor ofhistory at Rutgers University, New Brunswick.1934S. Orville Baker, AM '35, is living inDeKalb, Illinois, and teaching in the college there.Marion Keane Crapple, AM '35, writesthat "having been a housewife for thesepast 11 years, I'm afraid that my five yearteaching career was in the dim, dark ages.We have two boys, Robert, 9, and George,7, and we have recently become suburbanites, living now in La Grange Park (111.).My husband (George A. Crapple, SM '33)is director, research and technical division,of Wilson and Co."Edward A. Nordhaus, SM '35, PhD '39, ofEast Lansing, Michigan, is associate professor of mathematics at Michigan StateCollege. Pauline A. Redmond (Mrs. TheodoreR. Coggs), formerly assistant executive secretary of the Wisconsin Welfare Council,was the main speaker at the Institute inSocial Welfare meeting July 9-13 at theUniversity of Wisconsin. She spoke on thesocial worker's role in developing community resources and promoting socialaction.Carl A. Renstrom, of Detroit, is now incharge of tax matters for the Bendix Aviation Corporation.Malcolm L. Smith was graduated fromthe Industrial College of the Armed Forces,Washington, D. C, in June, 1951. Hegoes to duty with the Bureau of Aeronautics', Department of the Navy, in Washington.Ruth Young Teter is the incoming president of the M.yra Bradwell (Chicago)P. T. A. Husband John W. Teter, '32, iswith the Sinclair Oil Co. They have twochildren.George E. Van Dyke, of Chevy Chase,Maryland, has been named assistant comptroller at George Washington University,Washington, D. C.28 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE1935Louis Aller is a fiscal accounts clerk forthe Veterans Administration in Chicago.Charles L. Asher is chief chemical analystfor the Pabst Brewing Company, in PeoriaHeights, Illinois.Franklin I. Badgley is in the departmentof meteorology at the University of Washington, in Seattle.Judge Alexis S. Basinski, JD '37, and hiswife announce the birth of a son, Alexis,jr., at the U. S. Army's 130th Station Hospital in Heidelberg, Germany. JudgeBasinski presides over the U. S. Court ofAllied High Commission for Germany inMannheim.Howard Chandler, AM '36, is a publisherof college textbooks in New York City.Joseph Creanza, AM, is director of themusic school at Roosevelt College. TheCreanzas have three daughters and a brandnew son. They are now living in GlenEllyn (111.).Paul H. W. Harders, SB '35, is production engineer for the Carrier Corporation'splant in Syracuse, New York.Capt. Harold Lee Hitchins, AM '36, is apublication officer for the Eighth AirForce, stationed in Fort Worth, Texas.Norman J. Howard is an accountant forthe DuPont Company, Savannah RiverPlant, Augusta, Georgia.Ray W. Macdonald, of Birmingham,Michigan, is Export Manager of the Burroughs Adding Machine Company. Atpresent he is engaged in a seven week business trip through the Union of SouthAfrica.John C. Pelzel, assistant professor of anthropology of Harvard University, has beenawarded a faculty fellowship of the FordFund for the Advancement of Educationfor 1951-52.Dr. L. E. Skinner, of Tacoma, Washington, writes: "Am so busy with Boy Scouts,Kiwanis, taking Kodachromes, collectingChinese stamps, and taking trips in thenew Nash that I have had hardly any timeto practice medicine. At the office we arebusier than ever and have more work thanthe four of us can handle, so are trying toget another doctor. Any G. P.'s interested,please apply." There are four children inthe Skinner family: Jim is in the 8th gradeand in the broiler business; Sally is in the6th grade; David is in 3rd grade and collecting stamps; Jeanie is 5 years old andwas in the hospital for treatment of allergies but "she came home to the dog, cat,chickens, etc., and is nearly as bad as ever."Philip C. White, PhD '38, has been appointed manager of research and development for Pan American Refining Corporation. He will make his headquarters atthe Company's main research laboratoriesin Texas City, Texas.1936Everett F. Carman, PhD, is a chemist forRobin and Hoas, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Philip W. Clark, MBA '42, is head of theoffice of mobilization information department of the U. S. Chamber of Commerce.He lives in Arlington, Virginia.Willard G. DeYoung, MD, of Chicago, isacting chairman of the department of medicine at Woodlawn Hospital and clinicalassistant professor at the University ofIllinois.John P. Fox, MD, PhD, is on the staff ofTulane University Medical School in NewOrleans, Louisiana.William Rea Keast, PhD '47, assistantprofessor and secretary of the department°f English, has accepted a position on theEnglish faculty of Cornell University,Ithaca, New York. Theodore M. Kolb is treasurer and general merchandise manager of the PeerlessCompany in Pawtucket, R. I.John V. Murra, AM '43, is doing researchwith the United Nations, Trusteeship Division, in New York City.Col. Isaiah A. Wiles, MD, recently wasnamed commanding officer of the U. S.Army Hospital at Fort McKinley, Philippines.1937Robert H. Bethke, assistant vice-presidentof the Discount Corporation of New York,has been elected to the school board of hishome community in White Plains, NewYork.Arthur D. Bouterse, AM, is executivedirector of the Pennsylvania Citizen's Association.Ralph E. Ellsworth, PhD, is Director ofthe University of Iowa Libraries, and Professor of Librarianship.Both Morris A. Granoff, MD, and hiswife, Dorothy Rosenstock Granoff, SB '35,are practicing medicine in New Haven.James D. Majarakis, MD '40, who has ageneral surgery practice in Chicago, is aninstructor in the department of surgeryand tumor clinic at the University ofIllinois College of Medicine.Wayne A. Proell has been promoted toresearch associate in the Standard Oil Company of Indiana research laboratory atWhiting, Indiana.Irving Sanders, AM '41, of Brookline,Mass., is with a wholesale tobacco firm inWaltham, Mass.Charles D. Thomas, PhD, is professor ofphysics and chief of the radiological division at West Virginia University, Morgan-town, and vice president of the West Virginia chapter of the society of the SigmaXLJerome Waldman, MD '42, is practicingorthopedic surgery in Highland Park andin Waukegan, Illinois.1938Bland B. Button, Jr., is assistant to thegeneral sales manager of The DiverseyCorp., Chicago. He and his wife, NancyNimmons, '38, live in Winnetka, Illinois.Gordon P. Freese, formerly with the bureau of the budget, has joined the staff ofdefense mobilization director Charles E.Wilson as deputy reports and statisticsofficer.Edward C. Fritz is a partner in the lawfirm of Fritz, Goldberg and Alexander,Dallas, Texas.Bernard M. Hollander, MBA, is an attorney in the antitrust division of the JusticeDepartment. He lives in Chevy Chase,Maryland.Lester Lebo, SB, MD '41, is a specialistin internal medicine in Baltimore.1939Dr. Edward H. Bloch, PhD '49, is doin.3research at the Western Reserve Universityschool of medicine.William B. Dunn, of Wichita Falls,Texas, has been transferred by the ForeignService, State Department, to Saigon asSecond Secretary-Vice Consul and PublicAffairs Officer. Appointed to the ForeignService in 1947, Dunn served at Cantonand Hanoi, China, before returning to theDepartment in 1950.Second Lt. Bernard H. Gold, AM '41,was recalled to active duty this fall, andhas been assigned to the neuro-psychiatricsection of the Camp Roberts (Calif.) Armyhospital.Lt. Gold was chief of the psychologysection for the Veterans Administration inChicago from 1945 until his present assignment. BOYDSTON BROS., INC.operatingAuthorized Ambulance ServiceFor Billings HospitalOfficial Ambulance Service forThe University of ChicagoOAkland 4-0492Trained and licensed attendantsT. A. REHNQUIST CO.\o/EST. 1929CONCRETEFLOORS — SIDEWALKSMACHINE FOUNDATIONSINDUSTRIAL FLOORINGEMERGENCY REPAIR WORKCONCRETE BREAKINGWATERPROOFINGINSIDE WALLS6639 S. Vernon AvenueNOrmal 7-0433BLACKSTONEHALLAnExclusive Women's HotelIn theUniversity of Chicago DistrictOffering, Graceful Living to University and Business Women atModerate TariffBLACKSTONE HALL5748Blackstone Ave. TelephonePLaza 2-3313Verna P. Werner, DirectorAuto LiveryQuiet, unobtrusive serviceWhen you want it, as you want itCALL AN EMERY FIRSTEmery Drexel Livery, Inc.5516 Harper AvenueFAirfax 4-6400NOVEMBER, 1951 29PARKER-HOLSMANReal Estate and Insurance1500 East 57th Street Hyde Park 3-2525tmummmtttt] ^Bb, tkmmmmtmCOLONIAL RESTAURANT6324 Woodlawn Avo.Phone HYde Park 3-6324lunches: 45c up; Dinners: $l.25-$2.25PENDERCatch Basin and Sewer ServiceBack Water Valves, Sumps-Pumps6620 COTTAGE GROVE AVENUEFAIrfM 4-0151PENDER CATCH BASIN SERVICESUPERFLUOUS HAIRREMOVED FOREVERMultiple 20 platinum needles can be used.Permanent removal of hair from face, eyebrows, back of nack, or any part of body;also facial veins, moles, and warts.Men and WomenLOTTIE A. METCALFEELECTROLYSIS EXPERT20 years' experienceAlsoGraduate NurseSuite 1705. Stevens Building17 N. State StreetTelephone FRanklin 2-4885FREE CONSULTATIONLOWER YOUR COSTSWAGE INCENTIVESEMPLOYEE TRAININGPERSONNEL PROCEDURESIMPROVED METHODSJOB EVALUATIONROBERT B. SHAPIRO '33, DIRECTOR Kenneth P. Sanow, AM '46, is chief ofthe Internal Revenue branch of the Supreme Commander Allied Powers in Tokyo.Donald R. Smucker, of Baltimore, Maryland, is a sales engineer for Armour andCompany, Alliance, Ohio.1940Donald A. K. Brown, ex, has been promoted to assistant sales manager, generalline, with the Continental Can Company,Chicago.Philip Chapman, AM, is director of theJewish Community Center in Omaha,Nebraska.Albert W. Drigot, MBA '41, is comptroller of The Wander Company, Chicago.Sarah I la Hoik, AM, is a social worker atthe Payne Whitney Clinic in New YorkCity.Neil Heller is a salesman of industrialabrasives and cutting tools in Baltimore,Maryland. He and his wife, Miriam, arebusy raising Jonathan, ,2, and Anne, 2months.Harry H. Hull, SM, of Crete, Illinois,is a chemist for R. R. Donnelley & SonsCompany, Chicago.Robert Cuba Jones, ex- '40, has returnedfrom Ecuador where he was advising thegovernment in the promotion of a localcommunity development program. He isnow preparing a report of his experiencesfor the Technical Assistance Administration of the United Nations. He has alsobeen invited by UNESCO to participatein the preparation of a volume on thesocial sciences in Latin America to be published in 1952.John W. Kendrick is an economist withthe office of business economics in theDepartment of Commerce, Washington,D. C.Leonard R. Marin was married to JeanE. Bolz in June, 1951. They live inChicago.George Seltzer, of Alexandria, Virginia,is a special assistant in the Office of theSecretary, Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C.1941Donald W. Baldwin, DB, is minister ofthe First Methodist Church, Seattle, Washington.Richard V. Bovbjerg, PhD '49, assistantprofessor of zoology at Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, has been madean award from the Fund for the Advancement of Education. Dr. Bovbjerg willpursue research at the marine biologicalstations at the University of Florida andStanford University.James Brodsky is a quality control engineer for Western Electric Co., in Chicago.Elias L. Epstein, PhD, is associate professor of Hebrew Language and Literatureat the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, Cincinnati, Ohio.Thomas A. Hart, PhD, on leave from hisposition as a dean at Roosevelt College,has joined the Point Four Program ashealth and education projects officer.Mary E. Harvey, of La Jolla, California,is an analyst for the National City Community Redevelopment Agency. She recently saw Helen M. Erickson, '42 (Mrs.Lawrence L. Tweedy, Jr.), who has returned from Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, withher husband and year old twin sons, andtemporarily is' living in Rolling Hills,California.Harold G. Jasif left in September forMadras, where he will serve as AmericanVice-Consul.Annie Laurie McElhenie, AM, has beenappointed field consultant for the National Midcentury Committee for Children and Youth, and will work witn state committees on children and youth, nationalorganizations, and governmental agenciesworking with the Midcentury Committeeon its objectives of achieving a fair chancefor healthy personality development for allthe nation's young people.Victor E. Peterson, PhD, is a geologistwith the Equity Oil Company, Salt LakeCity, Utah.David W. Seyler, of Lincoln, Nebraska,is an instructor of fine art at the Universityof Nebraska.Ralph E. Teitgen received a Master ofScience in ophthalmology from the University of Minnesota in June, 1951.Anita M. Weis, AM '43, is a medical social worker at Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago.1942Norma Barden, SM '45, is administratorof the Muncy Valley Hospital in Pennsylvania.George A. Beebe has resigned his postas dean of the Jamestown CommunityCollege, and is now education officer withthe Federal Civil Defense Administration,working to develop plans for the use ofjunior colleges and the lower divisions incivil defense.The Beebes now live in Takoma Park,Maryland, and have three daughters-Ellen, 4, Ann, 3, and Sarah, 18 months.Donald C. Bergus, and his wife, Elizabeth, announce the birth of a daughter,Elizabeth Grace, on July 30, 1951, inBeirut, Lebanon, where Donald is politicaladviser to the UN Agency for PalestineRefugees.Robert B. Gooden, of Battle Creek,Michigan, a member of the February, 1952,graduating class of the American Institutefor Foreign Trade, Thunderbird Field I,Phoenix, Arizona, remained on that campus to study Spanish in the intensive six-weeks language session which began inJune. His wife, Mary Mann, attended theUniversity of Chicago also. They havetwo children, Mary Susan and Sally Ann.Dolores G. LaCaro (Mrs. Ray M.) AM'45, was elected president of the PublicHealth Association of the Philippines forthe year 1952.Ralph J. Linn, Jr., '42, was recentlyappointed assistant professor of pharmacology at the School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico.Mary F. MacGregor, AM, was married toCharles W. Malich on March 18, 1951.They live in Washington, D. C, whereMr. Malich is a physicist in the nucleonicsdivision of the Naval Research Laboratory.Fred L. Morritz, of Chicago, has beenawarded a fellowship in chemistry at theIllinois Institute of Technology, where hehas been a teaching assistant since 1916.1943Edith Abraham, AM, is supervisor ofpsychiatric social service at the Veterans'Administration Hospital in Houston, Texas.George C. Beattie, MD, is an orthopedicsurgeon at the Oakland (California) NavalHospital.Raymond de Roover, PhD, and his wife,Florence Edler, PhD '30, jailed last August 30 for Italy where he will continuehis research on early capitalism, as a recipient of a Fulbright research scholarship.In addition, he will give two series of lectures at the University of Pisa on the economic history of the United States and onthe history of banking.Eunice Hale Smith writes that she is"enjoying two small children and twogolden retriever puppies'. Male and fe-30 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEmale representation split evenly in eachgrroup."Allen B. Kellogg, PhD, professor of English at Indiana Central College, led aforum on "English Problems" at the meeting of the Midwestern English Conferenceheld last April at the Illinois State NormalUniversity.John M. McBride, MBA '48, of Terracepark, Ohio, is a buyer for Procter & Gamble Company in Cincinnati.Lionel D. Norris, Jr., is a research chemist for Sinclair Laboratories, Harvey, Illinois.Gene Slottow, of Baltimore, Maryland, isan electrical engineer at the Ballistic Research Laboratories.Kathleen Wilson, AM, is director of childwelfare service for the Department of Public Assistance in Boise, Idaho.1944Andrew J. Canzonetti, MD, is a surgeonin New Britain, Connecticut.Betty J. Corwin, AM '48, is assistant professor of psychology at Bowling Green(Ohio) State University.Robert T. Crauder, of New Castle, Indiana, was married to Renee E. Clara onJune 13, 1951, in Trenton, New Jersey.Bette Davidson Rothman writes that theyhave two children, John, 2, and Ellen, sixmonths.Donald F. Ebright, PhD, heads theChurch World Service relief program inIndia. Don has been loaned by the American Methodist Mission to the NationalChristian Council, and holds two portfolios, audio-visual aids, and relief.He completes a seven-year term early in1952, and will be on furlough this comingyear, during which time he plans a lecturetour.Beverly Glenn Long is an attorney inProvidence, R. I.M. Carl Holman, AM, has been awardeda one-year fellowship to Yale Universitywhere he will work toward a master of finearts degree in play writing.Winner of a $350 radio script, Holmanhas been working on a novel for the lastyear while serving as associate professorof English at Clark College, Atlanta,Georgia.Herman M. Slatis, '47, PhD '51, was backon the quadrangles in August to receivehis PhD. He has returned to Montreal,Canada, where he is associate professor ofgenetics at McGill university.1945Isabel Gordo, AM, was married to Mr.Vance Bishop of Memphis, Tenn., and sheis now working at a Veterans Administration tuberculosis sanatorium in Memphis.Hilda L. Helmke, SM '51, has joined thestaff of Michigan State College in EastLansing, Michigan, as assistant professor ofnursing education.Dr. Willim S. Horowitz, MD '48, is engaged to marry Miss Ruth Naomi Edisonof St. Louis, Mo.Isabelle Kohn (Mrs. Jack), AM '48, isnow working for the March of Time television program.Mrs. Ethel Siss Kortage is teaching mathe-niatic in « the Hockaday School for Girls,Dallas, Texas.The Rev John S. Ruef, rector of the Episcopal Church of the Holy Family of ParkForest is engaged to Jane Margraves ofPark Forest.Charles P. Schwartz, Jr., was graduatedfrom the Harvard Law School in 1950 andhas been with the New York law firm ofSzold & Brandwen since last fall.1946Emmett E. Baughman, Jr., PhD, '51, is assistant professor of clinical psychology atthe University of Wisconsin.Kathleen Black, SB, is assistant professorat the University of Minnesota school ofnursing.William D. Conwell is an attorney withthe New York firm of White and Case.Joseph W. Jordan, SB '49, is a chemistfor the Helene Curtis company, Chicago.He was married on May 26, 1950, to Mildred Cooper.Robert H. Kirven is a continuity writerfor radio station WOC in Davenport, Iowa.William Korey has been awarded a fellowship from the Fund for the Advancement of Education from Long Island University, where he is on the faculty of thehistory department.Ruth Miller Kriesberg, AM, teaches English at Brooklyn (New York) College. Shelives in St. Albans, New York.Daniel J. Monaco, AM, is an attorney inSan Mateo, California.Robert W. Moses, of Cincinnati, Ohio,is a resident psychiatrist at CincinnatiGeneral Hospital.1947Jack B. Bennett, MD, is general practitioner of medicine in Evanston, Wyoming.Robert L. Beyer, MBA '49, is with thecredit department of Joseph T. Ryersonand Company, Chicago. His wife, Rosemary Diamant, AM '46, teaches in Winnetka, Illinois.Grace L. Dober is a ticket agent forAmerican Airlines in Chicago.Kenneth F. Duchac is assistant librarianat Decatur (Illinois) Library.Paul Gibson, JSM '48, is a technicalsalesman for Swift & Company. He andhis wife, Julia Wyatt, SB '47, make theirhome in Cazenovia, New York.William W. Hill, MBA, is assistant manager of the investment department of theMutual Health and Accident InsuranceCompany, Omaha, Nebraska.Robert Kalin is teaching at Hadley Technical High School and Washington University, both in St. Louis, Missouri.Ralph V. Korp, AM '50, who is with theoffice of international finance of the Treasury Department, has been assigned asassistant Treasury representative in thePhilippines.Bernice C. Lebowich was married toHoward B. Bernstein on June 24, 1951.Margaret A. MacNaughton, SM, is ateacher at Michigan State College, EastLansing, Michigan.Ellis H. Newsome, AM '48, of Iowa City,Iowa, is head of the advertising sequenceat the State University of Iowa School ofJournalism.Dawn M. Pfeiffer, of Hollywood, California, was married to Darol Rice onApril 15, 1951.Ole P. Sand, AM, is associate professorof education and secretary of the Collegeof Education of Wayne University, Detroit,Michigan.Charles N. Sayre is a salesman for theBurroughs Adding Machine Company,Chicago.Richard F. Siemanowski, of Day ton a,Florida, is a reporter for the "DaytonaNews Journal."Lee L. Snyder, AM, of Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, is a graduate student andassistant instructor in the English department at the University of Pennsylvania.James H. Stevens, MBA '47, was marriedto Helen Groom on May 26, 1951. Jamesis a 1st lieutenant in the U. S. Marines.in Honolulu, T. H.Ralph R. Tingley, AM, PhD '50, is ateacher at Southern State Teachers College, CLARK-BREWERteachers Agency70th YearNationwide ServiceFive Offices— One Fee64 E. Jackson Blvd., ChicagoMinneapolis — Kansas City. Mo.Spokane — New YorkAMERICAN COLLEGE BUREAU28 E. JACKSON BOULEVARDCHICAGOA Bureau of Placement which limits lt»work to the university and college field.It is affiliated with the Fisk Teacher*Agency of Chicago, whose work covers allthe educational fields. Both organization*assist In the appointment of administrator*as well as of teachers.Our service is nation-wide.TEMPHONE T Ay lor 0-5455O'CALLAGHAN BROS.PLUMBING CONTRACTORS21 SOUTH GREEN ST.GEORGE ERHARDTand SONS, Inc.Painting — Decorating — Wood Finishing3123 PhoneLake Street KEdzie 3-3186HYLAND A. NOLANPLASTERING. BRICKandCEMENT WORKREPAIRING A SPECIALTY5341 S. Lake Park Ave.Telephone DOrchester 3-1579TuckerDecorating Service1360 East 70th StreetPhone Midway 3-5200RICHARD H. WEST CO.COMMERCIALPAINTING & DECORATING1331 TelephoneW. Jackson Blvd. MOnroe 6-3192NOVEMBER, 1951 31Wasson-PocahorvfasCoal Co.6876 South Chicago Ave.Phone: BUtterfield 8-2116-7-8-9Wesson's Coal Makes Good — or —Wesson DoesBEST BOILER REPAIRS. WELDING GO.24-HOUR SERVICELICENSED • BONDEDINSUREDQUALIFIED WELDERSHAymarket 1-79171404-08 S. Western At*.. ChicagoSince 1878HANNIBAL, INC.UpholstersFurniture Repairing1919 N. Sheffield AvenuePhone: Lincoln 9-7180Ashjian Bros., inc.IITAILieHID IMIOriental and DomesticRUGSCLEANED and REPAIRED8066 Sonlk Chicago Phone REgenl 4-6000Platers- SilversmithsSince 1917GOLD. SILVER. RHODIUMSILVERWAREJUpaJred, Jteftnlshed, Jte/acqueredSWARTZ & COMPANY10 S. Wabash Ava. CEntral 6-6089-90 ChicagoA. T.STEWART LUMBER CO.Qualify and ServiceSince 188879th Street at Greenwood Ave.All Phones Vincennes 6-9000Ajax Waste Paper Co.1001 W. North Ave.Buyers of Waste Paper500 pounds or moreScrap Metal and IronFor Prompt Service CallMr. B. Shedroff, CR 7-2668 Springfield, South Dakota. He was marriedto Kathleen Evans on December 31, 1950.Norman B. Ture, AM, of Washington,D. C, is an economist on the tax advisorystaff of the Treasury.The engagement of Miss June Miller ofNew York City to Lt. Bernard A. Weisberger, AM, PhD '50, was announced thissummer. A fall wedding has been planned.A former faculty member of Swarthmoreand Roosevelt Colleges, Bernard is nowassigned to the historical section of theJoint Chiefs of Staff in Washington, D. C.1948Carl H. Abraham, MBA, is consultingtransportation specialist with the Interstate Commerce Commission, New YorkCity.Martin Astwald, AM, and his wife, LoreU. Weinberg, AM '47, recently moved toNew York following Martin's appointmentas a lecturer at Columbia University.Arthur A. Blauvelt, of Farmingdale, NewYork, is an electronic technician for SperryGyroscope, New Hyde Park, New York.Mr. and Mrs. Robert Carpenter, (SigneBroch, '48), announce the arrival of son,Douglas, born in late August.David E. Bright, AM, received his PhDfrom Ohio State University this summer.Mary Pope Byrd, AM, is a lieutenant.j.g., in the Waves.Albert W. Demmler, Jr., of Spring Lake,Michigan, recently received his BS inMetallurgical Engineering from the University of Michigan, where he plans tocontinue graduate work in the same field.Manuel Eber, AM, is an economist withthe Deoartment of Labor, Washington,D. C.Jean F. Emmons, MBA, of Chicago, issales representative for the Pepsi-ColaCompany.Albert H. Forsythe, Jr., SB '50, is teaching ninth grade mathematics at North-bridge Junior High School, Whitinsville,Mass., while working towards a Master'sdegree in education at Harvard.Ruth R. Goodman, MBA, is dietitian ofBaker Residence Halls at the Universityof Colorado in Boulder.Wesley A. Hotchkiss, SM, PhD '50, isassociate director of the town and countrydepartment, Board of Home Mission, ofthe Congregational Christian Churches,New York City. He lives in Huntington,New York.Carlos S. Kakouris, AM, has been appointed instructor in the romance languagedepartment of the New Jersey College forWomen, Rutgers University.Charles E. King, III, AM, of Minneapolis,Minnesota, is research director of the Community Chest and Council of HennepinCounty.Morris W. Leighton, SM, PhD '51, sent inan announcement telling of the arrival ofa "new little papoose in the wigwam"—Randy Jean— born August 25, 1951.Grace A. Musselman is a nursing consultant for the State Department of PublicHealth in Aurora, Illinois.Richard S. Neufeld, MBA, has been appointed assistant to the sales manager ofthe U. S. Reduction Company, Chicago.Arthur H. Simms, JD, was married toThelma Salmon on July 20, 1951. MissSalmon was graduated from New YorkUniversity and is attending the Art Students League.Mr. and Mrs. Albert C. Svoboda announce the engagement of their daughter, Mae Ellen Svoboda, AM '51, to ChariesHarker Rhodes, Jr., JD '51. Mae Ellen jjan administrative assistant for the ChicagoLand Clearance Commission. Her fatheris assistant treasurer of the UniversityCharles is an attorney with tjie firm 0{Shatz and Busch, Chicago.Helen C, Tunik has been granted a fei.lowship by Radcliffe College, CambridgeMass., for Semitic studies in the Radcliffegraduate school.Jacob B. Ward, JD, is an attorney for theState Liquor Authority in New York City,1949Phyllis Anient Ehrlich received a Masterof Science degree from Western ReserveUniversity, Cleveland, Ohio, in June, 1951,Louis J. Battan, SM, is a meteorologistat the University of Chicago.James L. Brimble is an insurance agentand claim adjuster for the ContinentalCasualty Co.Kenneth T. Brown, SM, PhD '51, is aphysiological psychologist with the WrightAir Development Center in Dayton, Ohio.Elba Burgos* AM, married Mr. HectorAlvarez. They have one son.George J. Fulkerson has just been appointed Editor-in-Chief of the Universityof Detroit Law Journal. Mrs. Fulkerson(Ruth Black, '50), is Field Director of theCamp Fire Girls.John I. Goodlad, PhD, has been madeprofessor of education and director ofteacher education at Emory University(Georgia) School of Dentistry.Lt. Polly Hunt, MBA, is with the Officeof Naval Research, Navy Department,Washington, D. C.Frederick A. Johnson, Jr., PhD '51, is ageologist for the Humble Oil and RefiningCompany, Midland, Texas.Paul Khan is a bacteriologist for theSquibb Institute for Medical Research, NewBrunswick, New Jersey.Dr. Michael N. Spirtos, PhD, is in hissecond year as a surgery resident at theState University of Iowa.John Waltersdorf, MBA, is engaged toMiss Margaret Canby Scott of Baltimore.The wedding is scheduled for this fall.While serving in the Signal Corps inWorld War II, John was assigned photographic chief of the Byrd Antarctic Expedition of 1946-47.1950William L. Bowden, AM, is co-ordinatorof adult education for the Richmond AreaUniversity Center, Virginia.William W. Burton is junior engineerwith the California state highway department.Charles E. Burnett, MBA, is now livingin Seattle where he is office manager withan automobile concern. "Still keep upmy golf and stamp collection."Frank A. Clancy, JD, is practicing lawwith the firm of Alexander, Cholette,Buchanan, Perkins, and Conklin, in Detroit.Rev. Dale E. Fisher, AM, is teaching atMt. Mary College', a teachers' training college in Gold Coast, British West Africa.Murray Fisher, AM, is a social workerat the Brooklyn regional office of theVeterans Administration.Marion H. Groves, PhD, has been appointed assistant to William A. Lewis, deanof the graduate school of Illinois Instituteof Technology, in Chicago. Groves hasbeen assistant professor of psychology atihe Institute for the past year.Robert Lindblom, of Duluth, Minnesota,is working on his Master of Science degreeat the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis.32 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEFred L. Ribe, SM, PhD '51, is with theexperimental physics division of the LosAlamos Scientific Laboratory of the University of California.1951Charles H. Frazee, of Detroit, has beencalled into the Army, and at present isundergoing basic training at Fort Knox.George K. Herbert, Jr., AM, is a researchassistant for the Community Council inHouston, Texas.Ralph M. Stephan, MD, was married toMarilyn Lou Klassy on June 20, 1951. Theylive in Grand Rapids, Michigan, where Dr.Stephan is interning at Blodgett Hospital.memorici iPhilemon B. Kohlsaat, '95, died at theage of 81, on May 2, 1951, in Wilmette,Illinois. He was a teacher of English andphilosophy at Lewis Institute.Elizabeth Messick, '97 (Mrs. E. E. Houk),one of the first students to register at theUniversity when even cab drivers couldn'tlocate it, died at the age of 77 on June 29,1951, at Memphis. Mrs. Houk had beenprominent in educational circles throughout her lifetime and will be rememberedby her many Chicago classmates.Daniel M. Shoemaker, '98, MD '04, ofWebster Grove, Missouri, died May 27,1951.Grace Adgate (Mrs. John R. Dean), whodid work at the University around 1900,died at the age of 73 on May 22, 1951,at her home in Buffalo, New York.Walter E. Garrey, PhD '00, MD '09, diedJune 15, 1951, in Vanderbilt Hospital,Nashville, Tennessee, at the age of 78. Hewas retired as head of the physiology department at Vanderbilt University Schoolof Medicine.Edward C. Kohlsaat, '02, died in May,1951, at his home in Marianna, Florida.Jane Rattray, '02, a native of Canada,died in England this past summer.Rev. Dr. G. Clifford Cress, '04, died atthe age of 77 on January 26, 1951, in theClaremont Nursing Home, Mount Vernon,New York.William T. Paullin, DB '04, JD '22, ofSan Mateo, California, died May 14, 1951.Julian P. Bretz, PhD '06, professor emeritus of American history at Cornell University, died June 16, 1951, at the age of74, at his home in Ithaca, New York.Frank M. Dryzer, AM '08, died July 28,1951, at a rest home in Falls Church,Virginia. He was an examiner in thePatent Office in Washington, D. C.Walter T. McAvoy, '08, died last July.He was a salesman for A. G. Becker & Co.,investment company. He is survived byhis widow, Dorothy White, ex- '18.Helen B. Thompson, '09, died May 16,1951, at her home in Long Beach, California.M. Ralph Cleary, '10, of Highland Park,a Chicago stock broker and a director ofthe Midwest Stock exchange, died onAugust 30, 1951.Statira G. Biggs, ex- '11, died on September 13, 1951, of a heart ailment. Herhome was in Winslow, Washington.Dorothy Buckley Clark, '11 (Mrs. EthanM.), died August 28, 1951, after a long illness. As a student, Mrs. Clark was veryactive in University affairs. Following hergraduation, she was an instructor at theRochester Institute of Technology for anumber of years. After her marriage to Mr. Clark shelived on the Oatka Trail, near Le Roy,New York, where Mrs. Clark took an active interest in community and" civic organizations.W. Phillips Comstock, '11, of New YorkCity, died May 10, 1951.Curvin H. Gingrich, PhD '12, died June17, 1951, in Northfield, Minnesota.Junius C, Scofield, '13, died May 26, 1951,at the age of 61, at Billings Hospital,Chicago.Dr. Harry S. Arkin, '14, MD '17, died ofa heart attack last July. He was a heartand lung specialist, and senior attendingphysician at Michael Reese hospital.John T. Buchholz, SM '14, PhD '17, professor of Botany at the University of Illinois, died July 1, 1951.John P. Deane, AM '15, died at the ageof 81, in June, 1951, at his home in Beloit,Wisconsin.Edwin D. Hill, '15, SM '16, of Gary,Indiana, died July 9, 1951.Bruce W. Dickson, AM '16, registrar atChicago Medical School and former directorof International House, passed away September 1, 1951. He is survived by hiswidow, Marjore Hale, '19; Bruce, Jr., andNanFrances, both of whom took work atChicago. Bruce, Jr., is in hospital administration in Kansas City. Nan is aphysiotherapist. Another son, Hale, waskilled while in service.Margaret T. Parker, '16, PhD '39, diedafter a prolonged illness, at the home ofher sister, Edith, in Chicago, July 22, 1951.She had been professor of geography atWellesley since 1917.Lucile Powell, AM '15, of Cedar Rapids,Iowa, died at the age of 75 on May 15,1951.Robert H. Graham, MD '19, died March20, 1951, at his home in Aurora, Illinois.Albert L. Schell, SM '19, died June 18,1951, at his home in Wichita, Kansas.George L. Luecke, AM '21, died April 29,1951, in Denton, Texas.James S. Thompson, '22, PhD '30, died ofa cerebral hemorrhage August 5, 1951, atthe age of 51, at MichaelReese Hospital.He was chairman of the department ofphysics at the Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago.Anne Protheroe, '23, of New York City,died in May, 1951.Helen M. Benney, '24, for many years aValparaiso high school teacher, died onSeptember 15, 1951.Leah A. Dennis, who did work at theUniversity around 1925, died March 2,1951, at her home in Montivallo, Alabama.Walter C. Snow, AM '25, assistant professor of education at Penn State College,died May 20, 1951, at the age of 62.John E. Bjorlie, AM '29, of Oak Park,Illinois, died June 2, 1951.Myrtle M. Irons, '29, of Rockford, Illinois, died May 9, 1951.Charles H. Raeth, '42, of Chicago, diedJuly 14, 1951, from injuries received in anautomobile accident.THE HAZEL H0FF SHOPInfants' - Children's WearLingerie - HosieryNew Challenge forIntellectuals?It's Silly Putty1377 E. 55th Street Local and Long Distance MovingStorage Facilities for Books,Record Cabinets, Trunks, orCarloads of FurniturePeterson FireproofWarehouse Inc.1011 EAST 55th STREETBUTTERFIELD 8-6711DAVID L. SUTTON, PresidentLEIGH'SGROCERY and MARKET1327 6a*t 57th StreetPhones: HYde Park 3-9100-1-2DAWN FRESH FROSTED FOODSCENTRELLAFRUITS AND VEGETABLESWE DELIVERPhone: SAginaw 1-3202FRANK CURRANRoofing & InsulationLeaks RepairedFree Estimate*FRANK CURRAN ROOFING CO.7711 Luella Ave.SARGENT'S DRUG STOREAn Ethical Drug Store for 99 YearsChicago's most completeprescription stock23 N. Wabash Avenue670 N. Michigan AvenueChicagoWHOLESALE RETAILHIGHEST RATED IN UNITED STATESENGRAVERS- SINCE 190 6 + WORK DONE BY ALL PROCESSES 4+ ESTIMATES GLADLY FURNISHED ?? ANY PUBLISHER OUR REFERENCE ?3RAYNERIJ DALHEIM &CO. •L 2801 W. 47TH ST.. CHICAGO.$& /OixJiptwQuiQ k&u) "WICjLClaire Bryant managed to look quitecomposed as she finally walked into thereception room. She had stood outsidefor a full minute, studying with greatsatisfaction the name on the door: Burton& Bryant, Attorneys-at-Law.Suddenly the door at the left swungopen, and a tall young man with a biggrin filled the doorway."Hello, Mom!"Together they walked into his officewith its view of the tall buildings, theriver, and the harbor out beyond. Shelooked and approved, then looked againand approved some more. She sat in thedeep leather chair by the window andsmiled back at her boy."Jack," she said, "for years peoplehave been warning me not to dote on youtoo much. I took their advice seriously.I have tried hard not to spoil you. Buttoday I'm bound to say I'm proud as apeacock of you — and as satisfied withmyself and with life as I can be!""I'm happy, too, Mom. It was wonderful of Mr. Burton to take me in as apartner so soon. By the way — I've hadDad's big walnut desk moved up here.It fits in swell!""I noticed that," said Claire Bryant."I wish he could see you now."The young man grinned rhat nice, slowgrin of his. "Just before ydu came in,"he said, "I found something in the topdrawer of the desk." He pulled a fragile,time-yellowed piece of paper out of hispocket. "That's Dad's writing, all right.But what the deuce does it mean?"Claire took the piece of paper. Her facesoftened. "Yes . . . it's his writing. Hewas always writing himself notes in a sortof private shorthand he had. Can't youfigure out what it means?" THEThe young man read the note again:"6-7-23 — see RW re more ins.""Who is R. W. ?" he asked."That gives it away," she smiled."R. W. is Robert Wilson . . .""You mean the agent who took careof Dad's insurance?""That's right — he was with the NewYork Life. Notice the date . . .""Six-seven-twenty-three — Juneseventh, 1923 — why, that's the day Iwas born!"His mother smiled. "Your father hada thousand plans for you. And being alawyer, he never liked to put things off."She looked at the note again. "You see,your father got hold of Robert Wilson,whose advice he respected, and took outmore insurance That's why, when yourfather died, everything — including yourlaw education — was provided for."The grin again relieved the serious expression on the young man's face, "Isuppose you don't frame a thing like ou £aow —this," he mused, looking at the piece ofpaper. He dropped it into the top drawerof the old walnut desk. "But I guess I'llkeep it here handy — to remind me howI got off to a wonderful start . . . yes,before I even knew it!"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY51 Madison Avenue, New York 10, N.Y.Naturally, names used in this story are fictitious.Few occupations offer a man so much inthe way of personal reward as life underwriting. Many New York Life agents arebuilding very substantial futures for themselves by helping others plan ahead fortheirs. If you would like to know moreabout a life insurance career, talk it overwith the New York Life manager in yourcommunity— or write to the Home Officeat the address above.