ki R. R„THE UNIVERSITYOFCHICAGO MAGAZINEfromI S0*roodS^Reproduced from certified, unretoucked photographs of identical foods, refrigerated, uncovered, at comparable temperatures.The World's First Cold-Wall Refrigerator...made only by Frigidaire and General Motors#mr onm for/RELr tew Pmciple!Prolongs Food's Original Freshness, Color,Rich Flavor— Days Longer!• Now . . . because of the amazing new"Cold-Wall" Principle . . . you can keepeven highly perishable foods days longerthan ever before! But here is the mostastonishing fact of all! Now you can prolong food s original freshness . . . retain richnutritional values . . . save peak fresh flavorfor days on end !Fresh fruits and vegetables do not losetheir attractiveness through wilting,shrinking, changing color. Left-over foods. . . meats, peas, beans, even mashed potatoes—stay as deliriously fresh and appetizing as when first prepared! And youneedn't even cover them! 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Every one a great GeneralMotors Value!FRIGIDAIRE DIVISIONGeneral Motors Sales CorporationDayton, OhioHOW amazing'cold-wall' principle worksNOW FOR THE FIRST TIME1. THE NEW "DEW-FRESH SEAL'-A SOLIDGLASS PARTITION-DIVIDES THE CABINETINTO 2 COMPARTMENTSandTHE LOWER COMPARTMENT IS REFRIGERATED DIRECTLY THROUGH THE WALLSBY CONCEALED REFRIGERATING COILS.This provides all 3 essentials for keeping foods vitallyfresh longer than ever btfon! 1. Uniform Low Temperatures. 2. 85 to 100> Humidity. 3. No Moisture-Robbing Air Circulation. All without adding asingle moving part! and only frigidaire has it! ONLY FRIGIDAIRE HAS QUICKUBE TRAYSImitated but never equalled— because they're 1. Easier to use—lift one lever and cubes arefree, two or a trayful. 2. BuiltSturdier— -to stand hatd, constant service. 3. Faster Freezing— made of heavy gauge metalin every part. 4. Better Looking"styled trim and modern. Compare— you'll want only genuineFRIGIDAIRE QUICKUBE TRAYS.CUTS CURRENT COST TO THE BONE . . .Simplest Refrigerating Mechanism EverBuilt — and when parts aren't there,they just can't use current or wear.Completely sealed. 5-Year ProtectionPlan, backed by General Motors. ftxftFRIGIDAIRE XH METER-MISERTHE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINEPUBLISHED BY THE ALUMNI COUNCILCharlton T. Beck, '04 Howard P. Hudson, '35Editor and Business Manager Associate EditorFred B. Millett, PhD '31 ; William V. Morgenstern, '20, JD '22 ; Don Morris, '36Contributing EditorsArthur C Cody, '24; Dan H. Brown, '16; Ruth Stagg Lauren, '25Council Committee on PublicationsN THIS ISSUETHE Cover: Two distinguishedsocial scientists teaching at theUniversity during the SpringQuarter (see Page 16) are RichardHenry Tawney (left), of the LondonSchool of Economics, and LindsayRogers, professor of public law atColumbia University and longtimeprofessorial adviser of Alfred E.Smith. Rogers is on campus underthe auspices of the Charles R. Walgreen Foundation.The author of this month's leadingarticle, Walter Lippmann, is theauthor of numerous authoritativebooks on different social phases ofcontemporary American life and contributor of a tri-weekly column tothe New York Herald-Tribune andother newspapers throughout theUnited States. Last month's visit ofMr. Lippmann to the quadrangleswas his second in as many years.Although in these days of recurringcrises in Europe, it is almost impossible to make up to the minute comments on the international situation,Mr. Lippmann feels that his fundamental theses expressed in the article,are correct."Tad" Allen's observations about war in his article which begins onpage 10 are particularly appropriateas April comes around again. TheUnited States has entered everymajor war in which it has fought inthe month of April, from 1775 to1917. "Two Men Ask Questions"was winner of third prize in theMagazine's recently concluded Manuscript Contest.What are the three tests by whichwe can judge whether a state is civilized? President Hutchins suggestsone approach in a recent speech inRockefeller Memorial Chapel. Youwill find it on Page 8. Incidentally, ^____ he is still president, having flatly re-TABLE OF CONTENTS fused the position of chairman of theSEC. Despite the rumors which linkAPRIL, 1939 ^. „,,. ... ,Dr. Hutchins with nearly every im-Letters 2 portant job vacant, he prefers to re-The Present Outlook, Walter Lipp- main in educationmann 5Civilization and Politics, Robert M.Hutchins 8 •Two Men Ask Questions, ThaddeusAllen 10 Another Alumni School and Re-In My Opinion, Fred B. Millett 12 union ;s jn th<J offing The dates afeThe Campus Bystander, Emmett june 5 to 9 with Alumni Day andDeadman 14 •" /_ „,.„. the Sing on June 10. Watch for theNews or the Quadrangles,, William , ". „,V. Morgenstern 15 complete program in the May issueAthletics, Don Morris 17 of the Magazine. Announcements ofNews of the Classes 20 class reunions will be made also.Published by the Alumni Council of the University of Chicago monthly, from October to June. Office of Publication, 403 Cobb Hall, 68th St. atEllis Avenue, Chicago. Annual subscription price 12.00. Single copies 25 cents. Entered as second class matter December 1, 1934. at the Post Office»t Chicago, Illinois, under the act of March 3, 1879. The Graduate Group, Inc., 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York City, is the official advertising agency°f the University of Chicago Magazine.2 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEm i'&*pt£*fid €•«•»'l>N«>HISTORY in the making-limitless vistas of progressset in the color of centuries — brilliant achievements that have made theSoviet Union the focus of world interest! Bustling Moscow and quiet-flowing Don, abundant steppes andmighty Caucasus — each turn an intimate glimpse of new peoples, newachievements. And one great travelorganization — courteous, smooth-functioning Intourist — guides you allthe way, easily, conveniently.Enrich your experience with thisnew, fresh horizon. Decide to makethis your year to leave the beatentrack. Many groups under prominentauthorities now forming.AS LITTLE AS $5 A DAY- COMPLETE!However long your stay, bow-ever far you travel in theUSSR, complete transportation, hotels, meals, sightseeingcars and guide-interpreter service are available for as little asfS a day — $8 tourist, $15 firstclass. Nowhere is travel moreexhilarating, less expensive/SEE YOUR TRAVEL AGENT, orInto1 NIC LETTERSNEW YORK: 545 Fifth AvenueCHICAGO: 360 No. Michigan AvenueLOS ANGELES: 756 So. BroadwayWrite for illustrated booklet 35-A "IT JOYS ME MUCH"—To the Editor:You are certainly batting 1000% infeature articles. I wrote Mr. Shiltoncongratulating him on his masterpiece,and now Mr. Ames has come acrosswith another that, as Professor Starrwould say, with a whistle of condescension through his dental disarrangements and a placid smile comparableonly to that of Buddha, "It joys memuch, my dear young friends, it joysme much."W. A. McDermid, '07.New York City."THEN AND NOWTo the Editor:After a season in Europe, I am justcatching up with events at the University. Last evening it was the June issueof the Magazine which worked its wayto the top of the pile, and consequentlyI am reminded that now and then Iback-pedal on the western slope of thoseChicago days, but never with such anassurance of a pleasant slowing downas when I finished the article "Then andNow" by Edith Foster Flint of my classof '97.She probably never had occasion toscan the old "Bulletin Board" at thefoot of the stairs in Cobb with its wirenotice holder. Lucky boy, erudite girlwho never found a notice there ! Thatold board was quite as liable as the"brick lined" interior, to leave you "uncertain whether you are outside or in."I wonder if she has still the "image"of Ian Maclaren delivering one of hisscholarly addresses in Walker, trying tobalance his manuscript on his mortarboard because the reading desk was toolow for his elongated legs. Dear oldWalker ! But the evening was hot andthe effort to make the mortar boardstand still so undid the dear author thathe was more beside himself than theBonnie Briar Bush.I, too, ran to the Court of Honorfire from Snell Hall, if you please. Whennot otherwise engaged and unobservedby the policeman, as I thought, I wentout on the fountain in front of the courtand exercised my untrained artistic temperament by twisting the legs of theanimals into postures undreamed of byMac Monnies. But the policeman wasnot so unobservant as I thought, andonly the density of the crowd enabledme to sleep that night in Snell. Howgood it felt to have its protecting armsabout me instead of those of the law ! Indeed "some gay things went on" {*Kent. I have an image of the crowdwhich filled the hallway waiting for thedoors to open when Henry Irving wasto speak on Shakespeare. His leadinglady then was Miss Terry. While thecrowd was being jostled about goodnaturedly, someone called out, "Whatis the secret of Irving's success?"Quicker than a flash, from another quarter came the reply, "It is a MissTerry " (mystery).Again her reference to "that precipitous brick-and-yellow-oak amphitheatre"brought back a flood of memories tome. It was there that I competed in anoratorical contest and drew seventhplace in a list of eight contestants. Butlater I had the pleasure, in 1897, ofbeing a member of the first debatingteam to win an intercollegiate debate forthe University. Our victim was Michigan and I felt myself to be "some Pumpkins among little squashes." In the fallof 1937 I met Trueblood, the old debatecoach of Michigan, and he recalled thedebate, quoted the question we arguedand called the names of the membersof his ill-fated team.But how are we, the men of '97 (aswell as the milk wagon drivers and delivery boys) to know that "in shortsand the minimum of covering for thetorso," these girls of 1938 look a lotprettier "than our girls of '97" wouldhave looked but for "skirts over our immodest bloomers — halfway to the ankleand each leg much wider than a streetskirt of today" ? Please answer me that !However, the article is full of memory refills which are distinctly pleasingat this distant time, as no doubt manyof her other classmates have told you.She has served us a good meal — maywe ask for seconds?Burt Brown Barker, '97(Mr. Barker, now vice-president ofthe University of Oregon, is a chartermember of Delta Sigma Rho, nationalforensic fraternity. Through the Alumni Office the fraternity has located hiswhereabouts and sent to him a specialFounder's certificate of honor. — Ed.)REFUGEE AIDTo the Editor :Enclosed you will find a check for $10as my little contribution for aid to refugees from Europe who will be studentsat the University of Chicago.Annie M. Popper, PhD'20.To the Editor :If the students have not yet raised the$10,000 for the refugee scholarships, I'dlike to contribute this bit. toward theproject, with which I am very much Wsympathy.Helen A. Carnes, '15.(Miss Carnes enclosed check for $1"—Ed.)THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 3A Mutual Company, Foundedon April 12, 1845. Incorporated under the Laws ofthe State of New York.NEW YORKLIFEinsurance mmmm c o av p a n yTHOMAS A. BUCKNERChairman of the Board 51 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. ALFRED L. AIKENPresidentA BRIEF DIGEST OF THE94- Annual StatementDECEMBER 31, 1938Payments to policyholders and their beneficiariesduring the year 1938 amounted to $201,494,937.Of this total, $131,804,103 was paid to livingpolicyholders and $69,690,834 to beneficiaries.Total payments to policyholders and beneficiariesduring the past ten years exceeded $2,147,000,000.New insurance during the year amounted to$422,817,500. Total insurance in force at the closeof 1938 was $6,793,826,309 under 2,828,765 policies. The Assets on December 31, 1938 amounted to$2,647,454,712. The principal item of the Liabilities was the Insurance and Annuity Reserve required by law, amounting to $2,159,527,400. Alsoincluded in the Liabilities are a reserve of$41,569,539 for dividends to policyholders in 1939and a Special Investment Reserve of $45,000,000.Surplus funds reserved for general contingenciesamounted to $124,555,211.ASSETSCash on Hand, or in Bank $50,466,059.12United States Government, direct,or fully guaranteed Bonds 626,759,519.45State, County and Municipal Bonds 252,459,640.75Canadian Bonds Railroad, Public Utility, Industrialand other Bonds i . . . .Preferred and Guaranteed Stocks. . .Real EstateOwned, IncludingHomeOfficeFirst Mortgage Loans on Real Estate(Including $698,364.35 foreclosed liens subjectto redemption) Policy Loans 349,262,979.85Interest and Rents due and accrued 29,880,864.05Net Amount of Uncollected and Deferred Premiums 31,335,538.18Other Assets 19,956.31TOTAL $2,647,454,711.61 LIABILITIES64,567,067.95583,416,306.9287,745,048.00135,450,673.37436,091,057.66 Insurance and Annuity Reserve. . . . $2,159,527,400.00Present Value of Amounts not yetdue on Supplementary Contracts.Dividends Left with the Companyat Interest Other Policy Liabilities Premiums, Interest and Rents Prepaid Miscellaneous Liabilities Special Investment Reserve Reserve for Taxes Reserve for Dividends payable toPolicyholders in 1939 Surplus funds reserved for generalcontingencies 124,555,210.84TOTAL $2,647,454,711.61127,972,335.45113,087,924.1115,761,712.7111,529,650.323,572,265.5245,000,000.004,878,673.6641,569,539.00Securities valued at $38,738,698.21 in the above statement are deposited as required by law.A more complete report listing the securities owned by the Company will gladly be sent upon request.BOARD OF DIRECTORSALFRED L. AIKENPresidentJAMES ROWLAND ANGELLEducational Counsellor ofNational Broadcasting CompanyNATHANIEL F. AYERTreasurer, Cabot Mfg. Co. (Textiles)ARTHUR A. BALLANTINELawyer, Root, Clark, Buckner &•BallantineCORNELIUS N. BLISSRetiredHENRY BRUEREPresident, Bowery Savings BankMORTIMER N. BUCKNERChairman of the Board,The New York Trust Co. THOMAS A. BUCKNERChairman of the BoardNICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLERPresident, Columbia UniversityCHARLES A. CANNONPresident, Cannon Mills Co.GEORGE B. CORTELYOUFormer Secretary of theTreasury of the United StatesWILLIAM H. DANFORTHChairman of the Board,Ralston-Purina Co.ROBERT E. DOWLINGPresident, City Investing Co. JAMES G. HARBORDChairman of the Board,Radio Corporation of AmericaCHARLES D. HILLESResident Manager for New York State,Employers' Liability Assurance Corp.HALE HOLDENChairman, Southern Pacific Co.HERBERT HOOVERFormer President of the United StatesPERCY H. JOHNSTONChairman of the Board,Chemical Bank &• Trust Co.WILLARD V. KINGRetired Banker GERRISH H. MILLIKENPresident,Deering, Milliken &• Co.EDWARD L. RYERSON, Jr.Vice-Chairman, Inland Steel Co.;Chairman,Joseph T. Ryerson 6* Son, Inc.HARPER SIBLEYBanking and AgricultureALFRED E. SMITHPresident,Empire State, Inc.J. BARSTOW SMULLVice-President,J. H. Winchester &» Co., Inc.PERCY S. STRAUSPresident, R. H. Macy 6* Co., Inc.VOLUME XXXI THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINE NUMBER 7APRIL, 1939THE PRESENT OUTLOOK*ALMOST exactly a year ago I had the honor ofspeaking to you from this platform. Taking theworld as a whole, the outlook then was veryominous indeed. I think that you will agree that scarcelya day has passed in which, through the newspapers andover the radio, there has not come to you news whichcaused you the deepest anxiety and made you askwhether mankind was not nearing the catastrophe of aworld war.Again and again, in these twelve months you felt thatyou were on the verge of a world-wide struggle in whichanother generation of young men wrould be decimated,great cities would be devastated, the political, social, andeconomic order of western civilization would be disrupted and the greater part of the world given over tobarbarism and tyranny.In this year which you have lived through you haveseen the destruction of the independence of Austria. Itwas followed by a ruthless assault on the ancient andhighly civilized culture of the Austrian people. Youhave seen the civil war in Spain exploited by foreignpowers seeking to establish a base for an attack on thesecurity and the vital interests of the democracies ofwestern Europe. You have seen the dismemberment ofCzechoslovakia, followed by the loss of its independence.You have seen a general European mobilization whichbrought Europe to the very brink of a general war.Under the threat of force, as a result of sheer intimidation, you have seen Great Britain and France broughtto a humiliating surrender. You have seen that the surrender brought no appeasement. You have seen thatit did not abate even for a few days the violence ofwords and of actions. On the contrary, it was followedby an intensified religious persecution in Germany andby an explosive, war-like agitation in Italy. You haveseen in the Far East an extension of the Japanese aggression to the conquest of all the ports of China together with threatening movements in the Pacific Oceanagainst the Dutch East Indies, and the trade routes ofthe Southern Pacific.These things have happened in the past year. They*"The Present Outlook" is a speech delivered by Mr. Lippmann under theCharles R. Walgreen Foundation in Mandel Hall on March 7. Mr. Lippmann has since written the Magazine that, dlespite the new developments inEurope, he believes the fundamental theses here presented are correct. • By WALTER LIPPMANNhave brought suffering to millions of human beings allover the world and profound anxiety to everyone else.Yet I believe, and tonight I should like to give you themain reasons for my belief, that the outlook for the future is radically better than it was a year ago. I believethat the tide has been.. turned, that tide which has beensweeping mankind towards another world war ortowards a surrender that might have been worse thanwar. I believe that there is now in sight, now withinthe reach of the capacities of civilized men, not a sordidpeace at any price, but a peace with honor.For my own part, I must confess to you that thoughI have never doubted that the free nations could survive the test to which they are being subjected, thoughI have never despaired of the outcome, there have beentimes in this past year when it has seemed to me thatevents were driving mankind to an inevitable war. I nolonger think that. The developments of the past threemonths have persuaded me not only that another worldwar can be averted but that very possibly a world warhas in fact been averted. I should not like to suggestthat the danger is over, that the time has come whenit is safe to relax, and to cease to be vigilant. But thedanger is, I am convinced, now under control if onlywe are willing to wait, to be as steadfast and as calm,as resolute and as quiet as the real, rather than the apparent situation of the world, gives us every right to be.If you ask me what has happened in the past threemonths to change the situation so fundamentally, Ishould answer that under the surface of the politicalagitation there has been a decisive change in the balanceof power. As between the Rome-Berlin axis on theone hand, the Franco-British alliance on the other, thepreponderance of force, of total power, has been shifted,against those who might wish to risk a great aggression,in favor of those who mean to defend the peace andorder of the western world.Let me try to explain what I mean by this. At anytime — now, last summer, a year ago— the potential military power of the British Empire plus the French Empire has always been very much greater than that ofGermany plus Italy. The western democracies havegreater man power. They have very much greater supplies of raw materials. They have the control of theseas. They have money. They can count on friendlyneutrals in every continent. Potentially then they are56 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEmuch stronger. No one denies it. No one can doubt it.But if they are very strong potentially, actually theyhave until recently been weak as compared with theGerman-Italian combination. And the reason is thatboth Germany and Italy have been living under what isin fact martial law designed to mobilize to the full thewhole military power of the two nations.For a totalitarian regime is in the last analysis a warregime, in which the whole labor and capital of the nation is organized for war. The British and French, onthe other hand, have continued to live on a peace basis :though they have spent much money on armaments, theyhave not come anywhere near attempting the total conscription of their man power and their resources, andthe total mobilization of all their potential forces.As a result, the Rome-Berlin axis has turned its muchsmaller resources into a very formidable actual militarypower. The Franco-British combination, on the otherhand, has not turned its greater potential resources intoas great an actual power. It may be said that by September the Germans and the Italians had mobilized forthe front line in all their reserves. They were mobilized at their full strength. Given their total resources,they were as strong as they were capable of being. TheFrench and British on the other hand had a relativelyweak front line. But behind the front line they hadimmense unused reserves.This was, I believe, the critically dangerous momentof the age we live in. I think we can say that the dangerous period lay between September first, when therebegan the panic in Britain and France that led to Munich, and December first, when the French general strikecollapsed. During these three months the totalitarianstates were at the peak of their power. During thesesame months the democracies were nowhere near thepeak of their power. It was then that the totalitarianstates had their chance to deliver a knockout blow.There was a chance then that by striking swiftly andruthlessly with the power they had mobilized, theymight demoralize the British and the French peoplesbefore these two democratic nations had the time orcould muster the moral energy to organize and mobilizetheir potentially greater resources.Expert opinions differ as to whether Hitler couldhave delivered a successful knockout blow last summer.Mr. Chamberlain and M. Daladier believed he mighthave been able to do that. They believed the expertswho thought a knockout blow might have succeeded inSeptember. Their critics thought that Hitler and Mussolini could not deliver a knockout blow and would,therefore, never have attempted it. We may never knowwhich was the correct guess. But what we do knowis that if ever the opportunity existed to attempt theknockout blow, it existed then. It existed in the monthbefore Munich and in the two months after Munich.For during these three months, from September firstto about December first, the British and the French peoples were divided, demoralized, and frightened. Therewere the symtoms of a panic. The panic might easilyhave made the two democracies incapable of withstanding the terrorism of a great aerial bombardment, and incapable, therefore, of rallying from the shock in order to organize and mobilize their reserves. That was theperiod, therefore, of extreme danger. It was the periodwhen the chances of victory were greatest for Hitlerand Mussolini, when by risking a war they had perhapsbetter than an even chance of making themselves mastersof Europe.The fact they did not risk it proves, it seems to me,that even then they were not nearly so formidable asthey appeared to be. That was their historic opportunity. They were unable to seize it and take advantageof it. They will never, in my opinion, have anotheropportunity that is even remotely as favorable. FromSeptember to December they had perhaps an evenchance of victory. Since then their chances of victoryhave been so greatly reduced, the probability of theirdefeat is so greatly enhanced, that they can not, in myjudgment, start a war without the overwhelming probability of their total defeat. If, nevertheless, they dostart a war the outcome will be so certain that everyonewill know, everyone including the leaders of the German and Italian armies, that war is the last desperateact of men who know that their regime is doomed.Let me tell you why I think that since the autumn oflast year there has been so fundamental change in thesituation. In the first place, Germany and Italy havenow mobilized their reserves of men and of materials.Both in regard to men and materials the Germans haveno important reserves which they can still draw upon.The British and French, on the other hand, have verygreat reserves both in Europe and in the rest of theworld. They have only begun to draw upon these reserves. This means that the military power of theRome-Berlin axis cannot become much greater whereasthe military power of the Anglo-French combination isgrowing and has not yet reached anything like its limit.The evidence that Germany has just about reachedthe limit of its mobilization is to be found in facts thatare, I think, beyond dispute. There is the fact that instead of having unemployed, Germany has such a shortage of labor that she has had to resort to the conscription of labor, to all kinds of measures forbidding employers to bid against each other for labor, to measurescompelling workers to do the jobs set by the government, to very long hours of work and to harsh measuresto keep down wages. The shortage of labor is alreadyvery similar in kind to the shortage which prevails inany country during a war, that is to say, when a country is fully mobilized and is straining all its strength tokeep production going.There is the fact, then, that the huge military effortof Germany has brought about such a shortage of rawmaterials imported from abroad that the prices of thesematerials would now be rising spectacularly if the government did not ration the supply of raw materials withan iron hand. Yet even with all the sacrifices imposedupon the German masses, there is such a shortage ofmaterials, both imported and domestic, that the Germanshave not been able to keep their railroads in good condition or to re-equip adequately their factories.Because there is a shortage of labor and capital, because the supply of these things is no longer equal tothe demand for them arising out of the armament pro-THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 7gram, and out of the indispensable export industries,the financial condition within Germany has become critical. The removal of Dr. Schacht is the outward signof this condition; the speech of Chancellor Hitler inJanuary when he said that Germany must export or dieis an official admission of the facts; the statistics whichshow that prices are beginning to rise in an inflationarymanner, and are held down only by tremendous efforton the part of the government, are the objective evidence of the condition.Germany has reached a point where she cannot keepup the production of armaments and at the same timeproduce enough for export without imposing on theGerman people still greater sacrifices and burdens.In the months to come we shall see whether Hitlersacrifices the well-to-do and the rich by expropriatingtheir wealth, or whether he sacrifices the mass of thepeople by an inflation which reduces their standard oflife, or whether he sacrifices armaments to exports andtries to make an economic peace with the western world,or whether he takes the desperate gamble of a militaryadventure. But whatever the outcome, he has himselfconfessed publicly that he has reached the limit of hisreserves, and if he does not use his military power, hemust see that power become relatively less formidableas time goes on.After Munich most of us thought that he could replenish his reserves by dominating Central and EasternEurope. Experience has shown that this solution ismuch more difficult than it seemed likely to be.In the first place, the political resistance of the Poles,Hungarians, Jugo-Slavs and Rumanians has turned outto be greater than most observers predicted. There isin all this region a profound resistance to the advanceof National Socialism. But even if the political resistance is overcome, the fact is that Germany's shortage ofcapital prevents Hitler from exploiting effectively theeconomic resources of Central and Eastern Europe. Itis a region with many natural resources. But the peopleare poor and the resources are not highly developed. Todevelop them in a way to serve Hitler's purposes, itwould be necessary to invest a great deal of capital inthis region. But Germany has almost no capital available for foreign investment. That is why, five monthsafter Munich, the Nazis, though they are powerful, areby no means the masters of Central and Eastern Europe.These, then, are some of the principal reasons forthinking that Germany, which is at the end of her reserves, cannot replenish her reserves by exploiting thevictory which Hitler won at Munich. When Hitler saidin January that Germany must export or die, he wassaying that unless Germany can export not merely toEastern Europe but to the western world and to theoverseas continents which are in the sphere of the western democracies, the National Socialist regime, not Germany but the Nazi system, will die. He must, therefore, either make peace with the West or set out to conquer it.But because National Socialism is a violently revolutionary movement it is as ¦ difficult for the Nazis toestablish normal relations with the rest of the world asit has been for revolutionary communism in Russia to collaborate successfully with the outer world. Revolutions never have been able in all history to maintainnormal relations with nations living under orderly andsettled governments.Hitler's difficulty in making peace with the West isnot that the West would refuse to make peace withGermany. It would gladly make peace with Germany.His difficulty, his fundamental difficulty, is that thecommerce of the western world is still free commerceand there is no practical way of making trade agreements and carrying on normal commerce between theregimented industry of Germany and the unregimentedindustry of the western world. Revolutionary and totalitarian Russia has been unable to trade effectivelywith the free nations; it is no less difficult for revolutionary and totalitarian Germany to trade effectivelywith them.One alternative to peace with the West is war againstthe West. The other alternative is a deadlock in which,eventually, the Nazi revolution is liquidated within Germany.Now what the world is immediately concerned aboutis the prospect of war against the West. I am arguingthat, fundamentally, the situation has changed since theautumn and that war against the West is now a muchmore dangerous gamble for Hitler than it was last summer. I have stated as my first reason for believing thisthat the reserves of the Rome-Berlin axis are fully mobilized and cannot be increased.My second reason is that, from the military pointof view, the strategical situation has been radically altered since Munich. It has, I believe, been altered muchto the advantage of the British and French, greatly tothe disadvantage of the Germans and Italians. Thismay astonish you in view of the fact that Munich destroyed the Czechoslovak army and probably made itimpossible for Russia to take part in a European war.Now, I do not wish to underestimate the value of theCzech army. It was for its size a very formidable armyindeed.Nevertheless, the fact is that, before Munich, a European war would have required that the British andFrench take the offensive, that they attack the Italiansand the Germans. Now it is a recognized axiom ofmodern warfare that a successful offensive calls for asuperiority of perhaps three to one, in men, in munitions,in ability to endure casualties, and above all in morale.The strategical defensive is ever so much less costly,ever so much easier, than the strategical offensive.Moreover, I think it was shown at Munich that modernEuropean nations cannot be led easily, perhaps at all,to war of any kind, and least of all to a war outsidetheir own frontiers. The American people, for example,are deeply opposed to sending another army to Europe.The British people are opposed to sending another armyto the continent. The French people are opposed tosending an army to Eastern Europe. What is true ofthem is also true of the Germans and the Italians. TheGermans and Italians can perhaps be forced to fightoutside their frontiers. But they would do so unwillingly, hating it, and unless victory came quickly, they{Continued on Page 18)CIVILIZATION AND POLITICSIT SEEMS inevitable that civilization must try tofind a refuge in America. Already banished fromthe totalitarian states, it can hardly be comfortablein the European democracies, where the danger of warpreoccupies the governments and the people. The question is whether America will be able to offer a refugeto civilization. If educated Americans have anythingto say on this subject, they had better say it now, forafter recent events in Spain it would appear that thereis no time to lose. And if educated Americans havenothing to say on this subject, what shall we say ofeducation? As St. Paul asked in the first epistle to theCorinthians, 'Tf the trumpet give an uncertain voice,who shall prepare himself for war?"It will not be enough for us to feel strongly againstfascism or communism. We shall get no farther byfeeling very democratic. It will not suffice to be agitatedabout the Jews or even to give money for their expatriation. We must know what civilization is, what kindof society it demands, and what we can do to get thatkind of society in our country. We must think straightbefore we can act straight. And the problem aboutwhich we must try to think is the relation of politics andcivilization.We are here in the realm of practical judgments.These are different from theoretical or speculative judgments. A theoretical judgment says what is the case.A practical judgment proposes something to be done.This essential difference leads to important consequences. To theoretical questions there can be only oneright answer. The man who says that 2 + 2 = 5 isnot a liberal; he is a fool. In speculative matters boththe principles and the conclusions are true for everybodyif they are true at all. Two + 2 — 4 in ancient Athens,medieval Paris, and modern Chicago, and in modernAthens and modern Paris, too.But when we deal with practical issues we are dealingwith those contingent singular things which are thesubject-matter of human actions. Here too there is anelement of constancy, the nature of mankind. Since weknow in general the nature of man, since we know ithas not changed and is not likely to, we can state certaingeneral principles which can guide us in our attemptsto solve practical problems. These truths are the samefor all and are equally known to all. But we cannotstate infallibly what should be done in any given case.Since the possible combinations and complications areinfinite, all we can do is to lay down general rules towhich there must be many exceptions. For example, thefirst principle in the practical order is that men shouldseek the good and avoid evil. This truth is the samefor all and is equally known to all. Now life is good,and wealth and property are goods. Yet it does notnecessarily follow that the state may not call upon usto defend ourselves against aggression and to sacrificeour possessions and even our lives to preserve the community.Convocation Sunday Address, March 12. • By ROBERT M. HUTCHINSThe discovery of the truth in practical matters istherefore very difficult. It does not depend on reasonalone. In speculative matters if the principle is apprehended, and if the reasoner reasons well, the conclusionmust follow. It must be true. In practical matters theprinciple may be apprehended, the reasoner may reasonbrilliantly, yet the conclusion may be wrong. This isso for one of two reasons or both. In the first place,we may not have the knowledge we need in order toselect the means that will achieve the end we have inview. If we adopt a sales tax without knowing whatthe effect of it will be on the community, we shall achieveour end, whatever it is, only by accident. As we gainmore and more knowledge about the means that willachieve our ends, human action should become more andmore intelligent. But this will be the case only if theother condition of truth in practical matters is met;and that condition is this: a practical judgment is nottrue unless it is in conformity with right desire. Themeans must be proportionate to the end. But the endmust be the right one.Here we find the most striking contrast between thespeculative and the practical reason. The truth of thespeculative intellect depends on its conformity withthings. The statement that the world is round is nottrue unless the world actually is round. When Harveysays the blood circulates, it must circulate. But thetruth of any decision to act, from deciding to take someapples from an orchard to deciding to go to war,obviously cannot be determined by any such test. Atheoretical judgment says what is the case now. Sincea practical judgment concerns something to be done inthe future, however immediate, its truth or falsity cannotbe estimated by its conformity with what is the case now..It can be estimated only by its conformity with rightdesire.The reason why right desire must be the criterion ofhuman acts is that all human acts are means to ends.Unless we have the right end before us the means wechoose, the acts we perform, cannot be right. We donot praise ingenious murderers or clever thieves. Themeans they employ to reach their end may be admirablyadapted to their purposes; but this is the only way inwhich they are admirable. We condemn them becausethey have not right desire.So wTe see that an action or a practical judgment cannot be appraised in terms of: its success. It is true thatthe means we use to reach a good end must be such aswill bring us to it; if they are not our decision will beunwise. But no matter how elegant is the adjustmentof means to end, if the end is wrong the decision mustbe wrong. We cannot say that an action is right becausewe can get away with it. The fact that there are murderers unhung and thieves at large does not encourageus to train our children for a life of crime. And thisis not merely because we know that in general and inthe long run crime does not pay. It is because we knowthat the doctrine of doing anything you like as long asTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 9you can get away with it must lead to the disintegrationof the character of the individual and the disruption ofsociety. Only if we have a proper definition of successcan we say that the truth of a practical judgment depends on its success. Success must mean not the attainment of any end, however disreputable, but the attainment of the right one. When we say this we are simplysaying that the truth of a practical judgment dependson conformity with right desire.If the truth of the practical reason depends on conformity with right desire, and if right desire meansdesire for the right end, the question then is what is theend that men should seek. We see at once that mostof the ends we hold before us are intermediate. Thenormal person is not interested in being healthy just tobe healthy ; he wants to be healthy in order to do something that he could not do if he were sick. Only a miserwants money merely to possess it. There must be somefinal end toward which we are tending and toward whichwe think the goods of the body and external goods willhelp us.We can agree at once, I think, that there is such anend and that it is happiness. It is impossible not towish for happiness. We do not ask w.hether we wantto be happy. We know we do. This is the end towhich all other ends are ordered. All other ends areonly means to happiness. The right desire which weare trying to identify is therefore the desire for happinessrightly understood. A practical judgment is true if itis in conformity with the desire for happiness properlyinterpreted. All means, all intermediate ends are rightif they are proportionate to the end of true happinessand if they are selected with that final end in view.Our problem then is what is true happiness? It mustbe something within our own power, for there would beno point in recommending it unless we could achieve itby our own efforts. It must be something which has afair degree of durability, for if we are going to plan ourlives to get it we should be distressed to have it vanishas soon as we had got it. Fame, honor, and glorydepend on others. Wealth has lately exhibited a depressing impermanence. Health, even when supportedby the most regular exercise, has been known to fail.What can we obtain by our own efforts that will lastas long as life itself? The answer is that we can obtainthe fullest development of all our powers, and preeminently the fullest development of our highest powers.Now the highest human powers are the reason and thewill, which is a power of rational choice. True happiness comes to him, therefore, who has brought to theirfullest perfection his reason and his will. .No, man is born with his reason and his will in thiscondition. We naturally want to know the truth andto do good. But what is true or what is good is naturallyknown to us only in the most general terms. To determine the reason and the will to the true and the goodwe need certain moral and intellectual habits, habits thatdetermine our appetite to the good and our intellect tothe true. The whole object of education is the production of these moral and intellectual habits. By thesehabits we know the truth and do good. Through theperfection of these habits we attain the perfection of ourhighest powers. Through the perfection of these habitswhich perfect our highest powers we attain happiness. We see, then, that no action can be right and no practical judgment can be true unless it is in conformitywith right desire. We see that no judgment or actioncan be in conformity with right desire unless it lookstoward the end of happiness. We see that it cannotlook toward happiness unless it is in accordance withgood moral and intellectual habits. Now we know thatgovernment is a means and not an end. We have justnoticed that our end is happiness. And certainly weare not happy merely because we are governed. Government must therefore be a means to the happinessof the citizens. To be a good government it must promote the development of good moral and intellectualhabits in the citizens. This it can do by promoting thecommon good: good education, good laws, peace, order,and a just distribution of economic goods. It can promote the happiness of the citizens most of all by permitting and encouraging them to exercise the goodmoral and intellectual habits they have acquired.We are now in a position to formulate three tests bywhich we may discover whether a state is civilized.First, a good government will understand the nature ofthe practical order. Since in the practical order we aredealing with contingent singular things, a governmentcannot be good unless it makes provision for takingcounsel, for deliberation, for freedom of speech, fortoleration. It cannot be good unless it recognizes thatmen may reasonably and honestly differ about practicalmatters, and that we can hope to reach a wise solutiononly by hearing all sides.Second, a government cannot be good if it regardsthe state as an end in itself. It must grasp the fact thatit exists to promote the common good, which is only ameans to the happiness of the people. It exists to servethe people, and if it ceases to serve them it is the rightof the people to overthrow it.Third — and this is the ultimate test — a governmentcannot be good if its citizens are not leading good lives.It must be failing to advance the common good, the soleaim of which is virtuous living on the part of the people.It is by looking at the lives the people are living, therefore, that we may finally decide whether a state is goodor bad.If we examine all the forms of government now extantwe observe that only democratic theory makes a placefor discussion and opposition. Only the democracieshold that force is not the way to settle differences ofopinion. Only the democracies will stop to deliberateand take counsel. The totalitarian regimes rely on force,speed, and propaganda, which substitutes the reiterationof lies for the process of rational argument. They aretherefore bad states.We observe too that only democratic theory sees thestate as a means to the common good and the happinessof the people. The totalitarian regimes assert that theyare an end in themselves. They are therefore bad states.If we apply the ultimate test, the lives of the people,we observe that only where democratic theory prevailscan the people hope to lead good lives. In Germanytoday the citizen cannot be just. If he is just to aJew he will end up in a concentration camp. He cannotacquire the intellectual virtues because the governmentwill not allow him to learn the truth even in speculative(Continued on Page 19)TWO MEN ASK QUESTIONSThird Prize Winner in Manuscript ContestBy THADDEUS ELMORE ALLEN '15LAST week I declined an invitation to make a MemorialDay address at one of ourcemeteries. The Gold Star Motherswill be there, and the NationalGuard, no doubt ; perhaps an American Legion Post or two, and Boyand Girl Scouts. I am not goingbecause two men whom I knew, forbid it. One of them was a youngCanadian Infantry officer ; the othera homeless man whom I buried inthe potter's field. Each man hada question; each man died withoutfinding his answer; and because ofthem, I am at home this afternoonaway from the headstones andflowers, away from the throngabout the graves of our soldierdead.I met the first man at an officer'straining camp as it was in the summer of 1918. There are the barracks of raw, white lumber, eachlike its neighbor, with the cleancompany streets in between. Therewe are, hundreds of young men,taken from colleges, offices, andshops, still awkward in our newuniforms. We are drilling, studying training, with deadly seriousness. In a few weeks we almost forget civilian life.Just before we are to graduate, there is a series ofnight maneuvers to test our skill. We divide into twoimaginary armies — the reds and the blues — and the redsare to stage a surprise attack on the blue's trenches. Itis a hot night, with no wind stirring, and a hard, whitemoon looking down on us. We wait in our trenchesuntil the simulated artillery barrage is over, and then wego over the top. We walk at first, taking advantage ofany cover, using that advance formation which looksmore like men taking a stroll than troops charging. OurWest Point officers, acting as umpires, are watching usas we march forward. One of these instructors comesto us. "Gentlemen, you are dead," he announces. "Theenemy machine-gun fire from the first implacementswould have, wiped you out a hundred yards back." Sowe drop out of the maneuvers, and sit on the ground.There are about twenty of us who have been "killed."The night is baking hot. In front of us about a halfmile, the sham battle is going on, silently, but withdeadly intensity.Here we are — twenty "dead men." An eerie feelingsweeps over all of us. Each one of us was thinking,if these maneuvers had been real war, we would notTHADDEUS ELMORE ALLEN, '15The third prize winner taught English etSewanee Military Acedemy, wrote advertisingcopy, wes a captain in the infantry beforehe entered the ministry in 1928. His firstchurch was in Homewood, Illinois. Since1930 he has been pastor of the RedeemerPresbyterian Church in Detroit. He is amember of Phi Beta Kappa and Delta Upsilon. have been sitting there. We wouldhave been twenty men dead ofdying ; some of us killed cleanly anddecently, some of us with brokenbacks, some of us spitting bloodyfroth from punctured lungs, andsome of us with arms or legsmangled, thrashing in the dark likewounded animals.No one moves or speaks for whatseems an eternity: Here we are;twenty men "killed" by an imaginary war, yet, alive, breathing,thinking. After an age of silence,one of us laughs. "Twenty deadmen," he says. "That officer wasright. We're all dead."Some one lights a cigarette. Thenseveral of us laugh and begin talking hurriedly. We are anxious tobreak the spell of that moment,when, for a flash, each one of ushad seen himself as dead. Two orthree of us pull our shirts off ourshoulders and sit, naked to thewaist, grateful for the slightestmovement of air on our backs.The man who had spoken firstwas a young Canadian officer, sentto us as an assistant instructor inbayonet drill. His back shows aterrible scar, an old shrapnel wound which started underone shoulder blade, curving over toward his spine, andrunning down through the muscles almost to his waist.It is in the shape of a rude question mark."Yes," he continues, "We're all dead. I'm dead andso are you." He speaks without bitterness, quietly. "Idon't mind it much. All my friends are dead. And nowI'm here to teach you chaps how to bayonet the Heinies."He shivers, although the air is oven-hot. "They don'twant to fight any more than we do. They're not suchbad fellows." He stops suddenly, and God knows whatmemories of trench warfare were flashing through hismind. And, then, real passion breaks through his voice."Why is it? Won't anybody tell us why we must die?We're dead men, all of us, — God knows that's badenough, but listen !, we're dead, and we don't know whatfor!"He rises and ties the sleeves of his shirt about hisneck, so that it hides that terrible question mark of scaron his back. One by one we straggle to our feet andwalk back to our barracks, silently. The moon makeslong, emaciated shadows o£ our arms and legs. We looklike dead men walking.That is one reason why I am not present at the10THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 11Memorial Services today. I do not want to see the neatrows of markers, the insolent mockery of Spring flowers.Instead, I see a generation of dead young men — the menwho were willing to die — and who only asked to be toldwhat they died for.I refuse to hear my own voice rolling out in the oldplatitudes. Instead I am hearing that unanswered question coming from American graves and German graves ;from French and Russian and Italian graves. I cannotanswer it. Can you? "What did they die for?"Not long ago I stood on a huge platform and watchedthe graduating class of one of our high schools file intotheir seats, four hundred of them. They were clean andstraight and tall. Unless we tell them the truth aboutwar, we forfeit the right to hold a Memorial Day service. If we tell them the same hoary lies ; if we lead theminto the same trap baited with flags and bugles anddrums— we are desecrating the graves we pretend tohonor.Our generation, or theirs, may not find the way out.But we can show war in its true light : We can train ourboys and girls to find true fellowship with youth theworld over ; we can endeavor to marshal the schools, andthe Church to search for the answer ; and we can striveto release them from the rule of the state over the dictates of conscience. Only as we refuse to commit themto our own failure, then, do we dare to celebrateMemorial Day. Only as we are utterly honest withthem, can we lay wreaths on soldiers graves with cleanhands, and honor them with pure hearts.The second question was asked me by a man in Receiving Hospital. He was in the psychopathic ward.He lay there so quietly, I wondered why he was amongthose who no longer could distinguish between realityand phantasy. The interne had told me, "He's onlyhere for observation. Thinks he's going to die. Wecan't find anything wrong beside long malnutrition, andwe've fed him up. He's been asking for a minister. Seewhat you can do. He's a good chap." As I looked athim lying passively in bed, I saw a man about fifty,with a square jaw and a good forehead. His voice wassteady, but his eyes were like those of a dog who hasbeen whipped and does not understand why."Are you a minister?" he, asked me. I nodded. "Thatis good," he said slowly. "I have sent for you becauseI want to talk, and I have no relations and no friendsin this city any more." He paused and moistened hislips. "You will not be able to tell me what I wish toknow. But I do not wish to die until I have said whatis in my heart." A deft nurse came up with her tray ofthermometers. He shook his head at her. "Temperature is no use now," he announced. When she persisted,he took the thermometer in his mouth, and waited while,with finger tips on his wrist, she eyed her watch. Thenhe began once more."I am going to die," he remarked quietly. "Of thatI am sure. I have been here two weeks, and I havethought very much. The doctors are puzzled— that isbecause I am dying of something they cannot see." Hestared at me solemnly, his eyes begging me to understand what he was about to say. "I am dying becauseI have no work. I will not die because I am starving ; I have been fed by charity. I have worked all my life.Then four years ago, work stopped. I was in city missions, in the county poor house. I walked hundreds ofmiles, saying, 'Give me work, anything. I do not wantcharity.' I was proud at first. Then hunger took mypride away. I begged, I slept in alleys, I ate like dogsand cats eat. I am not a bum. I wanted work, nothand-outs." He closed his eyes for a moment; hisforehead was wrinkled, as though he were trying to puthis thought into clear words. "My friend," he pronounced slowly, "your body can live by hand-outs — butyour heart dies."Times are a little better just now. Many men goback to work, but not me. The employment agents say,T am very sorry but you are too old.'"And now, I am already dead. My home is gone. Iam no longer any use to anyone. Do you call it livingto be fed like a prisoner? — to have food but no work?That is death." He closed his eyes again, and lay quietfor what seemed like a long time. Then he looked upat me again. "This is what I want to ask you beforeI die. When I came to this country from Breslau thirtyyears ago, I read your Declaration of Independencemany times. It says we all have the right to life, libertyand the pursuit of happiness. I believed that. Now Iknow it is not true."This country does not even give you a chance towork. Why cannot a man, an honest man, have anywork to do?"His long talk had tired him. Again those hopelesseyes had closed. He lay so long, that I thought he hadfallen asleep. Then he said, without even opening hiseyelids, "I wish you would say a prayer — not for me —I am already dead. Pray instead that the young menmay find work to do."Two weeks later I buried the man who died becausehe had no work to do. It was in the potter's field. Welowered him into an open hole that was one-third fullof water. No one will ever lay flowers on his headstone,because he has none. No one will ever hold a memorialservice for him, and the thousands of men like him, whodied — not because they were starved — but because oureconomic system had no use for them and told them so.They found out what this man told me, "My friend, yourbody can live by hand-outs, but your heart dies."This, again, is why I am not speaking at the servicetoday. If I should see the neat markers, the smooth-shaven lawns, the trees and flowers, I would rememberthe mud of the potter's field, and the cheap casket inwhich we lowered the man who died because he had nowork to do. I would not hear the words of my ownMemorial Day address. Instead I would hear his voicesaying, "Say a prayer, not for me; I am already dead.Pray instead that our young men find work to do."And I thought again of the high school graduates. Idid not envy the speaker of the afternoon. What did hetell them? I do not know. Did he tell them that no oneknows how many millions of people are unemployed?Did he tell them that the security which their fathersknew, is a thing of the past? Did he tell them that our(Continued on Page 16)IN MY OPINION• By FRED B. MILLETT, PhD'31, Visiting Professor of English, Wesleyan UniversityI SPENT the Summer Quarters of 1914, '15, and '16and the regular academic terms from the autumn of1916 to the spring of 1918 as a graduate student atthe University of Chicago. I matriculated about a fortnight before the Austrian assassination that was to provethe immediate cause of the World War. Thus, for allthe first phase of my Chicago experience, the European conflict furnisheda lurid, tragic backdrop.But when I made the bold decisionto begin graduate work at Chicago,there was no thought in my mind of awar that would perhaps "save democracy" but that as surely would end anepoch in modern history. From a NewEngland heritage and experience, Iturned to remote unknown Chicago,because, as Lecturer in English atQueen's University, I found myselfwith a five months' summer holiday atmy disposal and because certain colleagues there had already taken degrees at Chicago or pretended to betaking them. It was natural that Ishould rise to the opportunity to initiate my graduate work at a placewhich would allow me a month's holiday both before andafter getting a Quarter's credit.Though it is impossible to trace to particular termsall the impressions garnered at Chicago from contactsscattered through a quarter of a century, certain memories of the Summer Quarter of 1914 retain a peculiarclarity. My first, and a lasting, impression of Chicagowas of tugging a very heavy suitcase down the ugly,treeless, torrid, brick-lined streets south of the Midway.I have no means of knowing how large the registrationwas that summer, but I was struck very soon by theunexpected friendliness of the summer students. Thereserve of New England village life and the more thanBritish formality of a Canadian university town had notprepared me for the ease with which people who hadnever met fell into conversation. The organized socialactivities of the summer school, which studded the bulletin boards outside Cobb Hall with announcements ofbeach parties "by states" and of dances of which theSouthern Club's was, as I "remember, the social climaxseem even more naive to me" now than they did in 1914,but in the ambient geniality many casual acquaintancesgrew into remarkably persistent friendships.This companionability I needed badly in order tocounteract the terror I felt of the University generallyand of the faculty in particular. The terror was induced,primarily, by the extent and magnificence of the physicalplant, the distinction of the faculty, and the size of thestudent body. I was much too innocent in matters ofacademic prestige to realize — until I had been told overand over again — that Chicago was in the first rank, ifFRED B. MILLETTnot at the top of the first rank, of American universities.(In those simple days, the faculty spent a great deal oftime in and out of class demonstrating how superiorChicago was to Harvard. After the War, everyonesimply assumed the superiority.) But whether from intuition or observation, I developed the profoundest aweof the intellectual supremacy of thefaculty, and even a decade later, as amember of that faculty, I used to beseized unexpectedly by a recurrence ofthis paralyzing emotion.One reason for this emotion was therate and intensity at which faculty andstudents worked, a rate at least twicethat of any other institution I haveknown. I have never been able to discover the reasons for the pace of thisintellectual treadmill. Perhaps thetempo of life on the Midway is quickened by the tempo of life in Chicagoitself. Perhaps the quantity and quality of the work done by members ofthe faculty stirs the spirit of emulation in their student following. Inmy own case, I worked harder thanever before because of an anxiety lestI should not measure up to the high standards of aUniversity that thought so very well of itself. Thus,during my first summer at Chicago, I read the completepoetic output of Spencer and Milton, was introduced toMiddle English, and read most of the Canterbury Talesand Troilus and Criseyde and translated the whole ofBeowulf! The most memorable experience of the Summer Quarter of 1915 was teaching myself to read" mediaeval French in order to write a term paper forJames Westfall Thompson on French craft-guilds inthe thirteenth century. I can still hear the mockinglaughter with which Jimmie Hulbert greeted me whenI innocently asked him if the thirty lessons I had hadin Old English at Harvard were adequate preparationfor the reading of Beowulf. It was years before I realized completely the extent of my audacity.The friends made in those years I encountered inclassrooms, W41 (the Modern Language ReadingRoom of the period), and the dormitories. In theBeowulf class, I found a starry-eyed girl named HelenMills, who later was to commend to my attention a high-school student of hers, named Jim Sheean, and who nowsends me snapshots of her lively Idaho family. In theSpenser-Milton class, there was Frances Parry, who inthe spring of 1916 and again after the War was to inviteme to come to teach in her department at Carnegie Tech.In those years, I was so fortunate as to make friendswith two instructors, David Stevens, now the Rockefeller Foundation's director of humanities, 'and GeorgeSherburn, recently appointed Professor of English atHarvard. In the summer of 1914, Mr. and Mrs. David12THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 13Allen Robertson were presiding over Hitchcock Hallwhere I lived, and Frank O'Hara was coaching the tea-fights from the sidelines.1 In W41 began my friendshipswith Eleanor Pellet, who combines gracefully the art ofbeing a lady and the science of being a scholar, HelenBalph, one of the wittiest women I have ever known, andthe queenly Helen Drew, long a power in the affairs ofRockford College. There, too, I came to know FrankWebster, the arbiter elegantium of his generation, andJames Kessler, who presently fled from the terrors ofurban Chicago to the pleasant ruralities of Oklahoma.North Hall was to serve as the initial setting of manyfriendships — with Cecil M. P. Cross, who entered theconsular service after the War, is now stationed in Paris,and has recently sent a far-traveled son to Wesleyan,Alan LeMay, whose serialized Westerns now fill a shelfin his father's library in Aurora, and his roommate —most amusingly indiscreet of undergraduates — nowknown all over the world as the brilliant journalist, Vincent Sheean.In this period in my experience at the University, Iwas too busy to explore the city itself. Neither thennor years later did I ever visit the stockyards. TheNewberry Library (in which I was planning to workon the day of the "Eastland" disaster) was almost myfarthest point north. In the height of summer, therewere occasional solitary excursions to one or anotherof the West Side parks, and in the Loop, the Art Institute was a frequent objective. But the neighborhood ofthe University naturally became most familiar to me, for,even when most preoccupied with the production ofthree term papers per quarter, I managed to walk frequently in the rose garden and the smooth meadows orunder the melancholy willows of Washington Park, or,in Jackson Park, to seek out the relics of the World'sFair, with photographs of which I had been familiarsince childhood, to sit eating cracker- jack in the shadyIowa Building while waves (now a quarter of a mileaway) burst into spray against its stone breakwater, orto pace along the beach in brilliant white sunshine, graytwilight, or the dark of night when the fires of numberless beach parties were like those Homeric watch firesthe Trojans kindled in front of Ilios. "A thousand firesburned in the plain, and by the side of each sat fifty inthe gleam of blazing logs."Then, as always, Chicago interested me less as aneconomic and social entity than as an opportunity foraesthetic experience. Of my visits to the commercialtheater during this period, the most vivid memory is ofJustice, with the white face of the speechless prisoner(John Barrymore) against the darkening gloom of aLondon^ courtroom and the hysterical beating on thedoor of the solitary prison cell. To the same periodbelong the visits of the Washington Square Players* whowere presently to give rise to the Theatre Guild, which inturn was to father the Group Theatre. But the theatrical experiences I recall most clearly are connected withMaurice Browne and Ellen Van Volkenburg's LittleTheater, that miniature triangular auditorium, cut likea piece of pie out of the Fine Arts Building. There Isaw indifferent performances of Allan Monkhouse's1. David Allen Robertson has been President of Goucher College since1930. Mary Broome and Shaw's Mrs. Warren's Professionand, on a snowy Sunday afternoon, a very good performance of Synge's heartbreakingly lovely Deirdre ofthe Sorrows, with Miss Van Volkenburg as Deirdre andRalph Roeder (of the visiting Washington SquarePlayers) as Naisi. This was the period, too, of Chicago's discovery of the sensational coloratura, Galli-Curci, whose singing of Juliet to the Romeo of LucienMuratore I heard from one of the most remote seats ofthe Auditorium. But the operatic memory I cherishmost is the fragile, unearthly loveliness of Mary Garden's Melisande in one of the three operas I should nowadays make an effort to see.2 My early years in Chicagocoincided with the period of widest interest in the NewPoetry, when for the first time in generations Americanpoets were objects of general curiosity. I rememberseeing Amy Lowell bounce like a big ball onto the stageof the Little Theater, explain her poetic theories withenviable assurance, and read her own poems with superbrhythmic refinement. Of the Vachel Lindsay recitals,one in particular is memorable, the occasion when heworked a Mandel Hall audience up to the pitch of chanting the chorus, "We are the swans," to his dramaticrendition of "King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba."In the summer of 1915, I believe, Frank Lloyd Wright'sMidway Gardens opened in an orgy of souvenir-snatching, and, as I worked by my window on the Hitchcockquadrangle, I could hear the strains of "The Glowworm," and visualize the movements and postures ofPavlowa, who was dancing there night after night.The intellectual activities and the aesthetic indulgencesI have sketched went on under a sky growing steadilydarker with the threat of war, in an atmosphere madetense with the conflicting loyalties of Americans, tornbetween peace and war, between opposed internationalsympathies and repugnances. On campus and off, therewere all sorts of meetings and entertainments intendedto express American sympathy for one or another combatant. I recall a five-hour Red Cross benefit, whichGeorge Sherburn and I watched from the first row ofthe second balcony of the Illinois Theater, in which SirHerbert Beerbohm Tree offered us a large number ofparts from his repertory, from Cardinal Wolsey to Sven-gali, including a Falstaff almost all of whose lines he hadforgotten save "Bring me a cup of sack." Only the otherday, I came across a program of scenes from Moliere,"au benefice des orphelins beiges et frangais," in whichProfessor Henri David starred, Clarence Parmenter appeared as Don Juan's valet, Sganarelle, and the role ofArgan was taken by Donald Peattie (now a distinguished botanist and the author of A Calendar for Moderns and Green Laurels).From my first quarter at Chicago, my fellow-studentsand I had seized and read avidly every edition of anypaper that promised more than a pitifully slight changein that line of trenches stretching from the EnglishChannel across Belgium and France to the Swiss border.The second Wilson campaign, the slow accretions ofhostility to Germany, the corresponding rise of enthusiasm for the cause of the Allies, and the departure into2. I saw Garden in the role again sometime after 1927, and its beautywas still undlimmed. The opera is, of course, the Maeterlinck-DebussyPelleas et Melisande. The others alluded to are the Von; Hofnxannsthal-Strauss Rosenkavalier and the Stein-Thomson Four Saints in Three Acts.14 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEone or another kind of service of such members of theDepartment as Professor Manly, Miss Rickert, andGeorge Sherburn made graduate study and scholarly activity seem bloodless, unreal, and intolerably self-indulgent. In 1916 I rejoiced with millions of Americansthat Wilson had kept us out of war. When a year laterAmerica entered the War, I was still unpersuaded ofthe justification of our entering the conflict, and I carefully spelled out "conscientious" for Bill Mather, whoAPRIL is Blackfriars month. The show has beenmoved up two weeks this year to the week-endsof April 21, 22, 28, and 29. The change wasmade to enable cast members to have a little more timebetween the show and the comprehensives to improveupon the poor showing which Friars men have traditionally made on final examinations.This year's Board of Superiors removed anothercause for complaint by slashing prices on every seat inthe house. First floor center section seats may be hadfor $1.65. Impecunious students who have regardedthe show as unnecessarily expensive are expected tobolster the audience under the new price scale.The show this year is by the author of last year's hit— Isadore Richlin, a graduate student in chemistry. TheBoard of Superiors wanted to name it "Peon Passion"but principles of decorum prevailed and you will see itas "Love over the Line."The producer of this year's show is Gerhard Shild, atalented gentleman who studied under Max Reinhardt inEurope and was an assistant director of the HollywoodShakespearean extravaganza, "Midsummer Night'sDream." Jose Castro of the Empire Room of the Palmer House is back to direct the chorines. The costumes will be done by John Pratt, '33 who designed theapparel for the cast of the WPA version of the Mikadowhich is now playing in New York. Music will be arranged by Dave Bennett, better known as the composerof "Bye, Bye, Blues" and other hits.VACATION FROLICSThough it's probably not much of a student's business,the goings-on around campus during spring vacation arecertainly worth commenting on. Every year when thestudents abandon the Quadrangles, the employees of theUniversity get together for a week of fun-making andfrolic. This year's was the fifth annual Tower TopicsOpen House. Every noon in Hutchinson Commonsthere is a floor show to entertain the diners, and afterlunch, exhibits and entertainment in the lounges of theReynolds Club. This year's entertainment providedeverything from an Information Please program to astyle parade. The entertainment is primarily plannedfor the office personnel on the Quadrangles but everyone who stays on campus is welcome at any of the functions. was filling out my registration blank for the draft, in thenorth parlor of the Reynolds Club. But by the springof 1918, I had been taken in almost completely by theorthodox view of America's participation. My work atthe University had become completely meaningless, andI was willing, if not exactly eager, to enter the Army. 1left Chicago in May, 1918, and when I returned againin the summer of 1923, the University seemed verymuch the same, but the world and I felt, very different.• By EMMETT DEADMAN, '39SENIOR CLASSThis year for the first time in many years or perhapsfor the first time in the University's history, the seniorclass is to be without a president. The election is usually held during the winter quarter but no one evincedany interest in having the class organized this year sothe traditional election was abandoned.In its place a senior class council under the chairmanship of football captain Lew Hamity has been appointedto arrange a senior ball and make provisions for a seniorclass gift.This abandonment of an old tradition may disgustmany campus politicians who aspire to wield power overan apathetic campus electorate, but most of the studentswho have had to watch the annual farce of an electionfor which no one, not even the candidates, cared, willapplaud the extinction of an unnecessary evil.The prime function of a senior class president in thepast has been to serve as contact with the alumni officeand to arrange class reunions after the members haveonce passed beyond the portals of the University. Thereis no reason why the person who should do this and iscapable of doing it should not be appointed and thefarce of an election abandoned. It is a step towardeliminating the activities which serve no purpose infavor of activities which can contribute somethingtoward a fuller appreciation of University life.The committee plans to raise its fund this year througha senior ball, to be held some time in May. The onlycomplication has been an announcement by the Settlement Board that they are considering a formal partyfor the spring quarter to take the place of the abandoned Military Ball to raise funds for the Settlement.Obviously both these parties could not be a success.Meanwhile senior men are beginning to appear withmustaches in preparation for the mustache race whichprecedes Blackfriars. Moving the show up to the lastof April has the disadvantage of having the end of therace at a time when the Botany Pond has not completelyrecovered from its mid-winter frigidity. To encourageparticipation the Friars have considered putting heatersin the famous pond, but will probably abandon the ideabecause of certain ideas about cold water being good formasculine virility.Anyway, don't forget — It's Blackfriars Time Again!THE CAMPUS BYSTANDERNEWS OF THE QUADRANGLESTHOSE alumni whose introduction to the University came in the form of the competitive examinations for prize scholarships will be interested toknow that the rules of this contest have been changed.Middle of this month some 1,000 contestants from theChicago area and another 500 high school seniors insixteen centers outside, will fill their fountain pens forthree feverish hours of concentrated activity. Butinstead of an examination on subject matter, they willthis year be occupied with a searching test of theirability to think, and their effectiveness in the arts ofreading, writing, and arithmetic. "Abilities" rather thanfacts will be the base of the examination.When the competitive examinations were first given,the bright young stars of pre-war days were responsibleonly for knowledge in one specific subject, such asAmerican history or English. Later came examinationsin a group of three fields. When the Board of Examinations was in its first flush of glory, in the first yearof the then "New Plan," the examinations blossomedout into a bewildering combination of "short answer,""essay," and other examples of the educational psychologist's art. These examinations set up a combination ofmatch and medal play; the intellectual par was farbeyond the abilities of any contestant. Personally, yourcorrespondent always regarded them as a horrible example of public relations for the University ; they weremore than enough to make any valedictorian decide thatthe intellectual life as practiced on the Midway was fartoo tough. But the examinations failed to frighten thecontestants away; or maybe their high school teachers,like the manager of the reeling battler in the ring,refused to be frightened. There were always brightyoung men and women who could make 1300 of theimpossible 1500 points and demonstrate that unquestionably the world was getting smarter.It was not for lack of the bright young minds, norof any complaints from high schools, that the type ofexamination was changed this year. There is a beliefthat this new form will bring to the University onscholarships an even more alert and able group ofstudents than in the past. There was also the consideration that the examination tended to control what wastaught in the high schools. This new form recognizesthe contention of President Hutchins that one of thetasks o£ education is to get the colleges off the necks ofthe high schools, and leave them free to form their owncurricula. That the change has been viewed with favoris proved by the fact that the registration for the examination in the Chicago region has approximately doubledthis year.FREEMAN HEADS PSYCHOLOGYDr. Frank N. Freeman, Professor of EducationalPsychology, was appointed Chairman of the departmentof psychology as of the opening of the Spring Quarter.Concurrently with the appointment, the department hasbeen transferred from the division of the biological • By WILLIAM V. MORGENSTERN, '20, JD '22sciences to the division of the social sciences. ProfessorFreeman succeeds Professor Harvey Carr, who retiredlast autumn. In the interval, Dr. Louis L. Thurstone,Charles F. Grey Distinguished Service Professor ofPsychology, assumed responsibility for the administrative details of the Department pending appointment ofa Chairman."The transfer of the department to the division ofthe social sciences is made on the ground both of administrative convenience and of educational policy," RobertRedfield, dean of the division, said in announcing thechange. "It is convenient because Dr. Freeman is amember of that division. It is educationally desirablebecause it will give an opportunity to coordinate theresearch and instruction in social psychology now beingcarried on in several departments and schools. Thedepartment, however, is still represented in the divisionof the biological Sciences and will continue to fosterimportant work in the biological branches of psychology,such as that which is being carried on by Dr. Kliiverand his associates."Without any loss in this branch of the field, it isexpected that the transfer will provide opportunity torestudy the work in social psychology, as it is now carried on at the University and as it should be carriedon in the future. This work is now represented in thecourses and investigations of a number of men in severaldifferent departments and schools of the University."It Is especially on the social side of psychology, insuch fields as include the study of the learning process,and the study of personality, that integration and development are to be sought. The transfer will result inmaintaining work in psychology at the high level whichcharacterizes the University as a whole."Dr. Freeman, student in psychology under Dr.Charles H. Judd before Dr. Judd came to the Universityof Chicago, also studied abroad with Wilhelm Wendt,and at Leipzig. His chief interests have been in educational psychology, particularly the psychology of schoolsubjects, such as writing and reading, and in mentaltesting and mental growth. Two of his best knownstudies are those of foster children and of twins, bothconcerned with the effect of heredity on intelligence.He is one of the University's forty-six starred men ofscience. Dr. Freeman came to the University in 1909and became professor in 1920.NEW FEESLike all organizations in an economic world, theUniversity has felt the depression. Constant readersof this journal will recall items over the past eight yearsabout the efforts the administration has made to retainunimpaired the educational effectiveness of the institution in the face of declining income. The last to feelthe impact of the newest recession are the students. Tooffset the decline in income from endowment funds, because of the steadily dwindling rate of return whichinvestments provide today, new fees will be inaugurated1516 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEin the autumn quarter for students on the quadranglesonly. The basic tuition rates remain the same, but therewill be a $3 quarterly fee for Student Health, $1 quarterly increase in the registration fee which is nowcharged in lieu of the old matriculation fee ; a $20 chargefor extra courses, and a charge for examinations incourses for which the student has not registered.Heretofore the cost of the Student Health Servicewas covered in the tuition fee. The service will be enlarged, particularly as to hospitalization, medical examinations, and preventive medicine. All students on thequadrangles who take more than one course must paythe fee. The boost in the quarterly registration fee isfrom $2 to $3. Laboratory fees in physical and biologicalsciences Divisional courses — but not in the College —will be $5 per course, with a maximum per student of$10 a quarter. Those students who register for morethan four courses at the College level, or more thanthree courses at the Divisional level, will be charged$20 for each additional course. If a student takes aCollege comprehensive examination in a course forwhich he is not registered, the charge will be $5 if theexamination is taken before or during his first quarterof residence. If taken after the first quarter, the chargewill be $20. At the Divisional level, the charge for anexamination in a non-registered course will be $10.00.Tuition fees in the Law School, the Medical Schools,University College, and Home Study, remain as before.The General Education Board recently published astudy by Mr. Trevor Arnett on the subject of tuition.Mr. Arnett's investigation showed that there has been asteady increase in tuition fees in colleges and universities during the past ten years. Of 38 privately endowed universities, three-fourths have fees equivalent toor higher than the new University schedule. Fees atHarvard, for example, are $400 per year, with a chargeof $100 for each extra course; at Princeton, $450tuition, with a general additional fee of $60 a year ; atColumbia. $190 per semester, plus a semester registration fee of $10.Mcdonald dedicationDedication of the McDonald Observatory, which theUniversity of Texas built, and the University of Chicago astronomers operate, has been set for May 5.Fifteen of the leading astronomers of the United Statesand foreign countries will participate in a learned sessioncelebrating the event; President Hutchins will speakon the virtues of cooperation among universities. ThenDr. Otto Struve, Director of both the Yerkes Observatory of the University and the McDonald Observatory,and his able associates will settle down to the practiceof the world's oldest science with some of the finestequipment in existence to help them maintain their reputation as the world's top group of astronomers.ACADEMIC VISITORSThe opening of Spring Quarter saw the departure ofLord Bertrand Russell, who has been teaching coursesin philosophy for the past two quarters, but it broughtthree more distinguished visitors. One is R. H. Tawneyof London University, who is England's leading economic historian. Another is Lindsay Rogers/professor of public law at Columbia University, an authority onAmerican public law and politics. He will teach as avisiting professor under the Charles R. Walgreen Foundation for the study of American institutions. Dr.Eduard Benes, former president of Czechoslovakia, continues as a visiting professor under the Walgreen Foundation until the middle of May. Dr. Albrecht Unsold,of the Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiel, Germany,has come here for the quarter to work at the Yerkesand McDonald observatories.Returning to residence after a six-month research tripto Guatemala was Professor Robert Redfield, Dean ofthe Division of Social Sciences. His trip was to continue the anthropological study he has been carryingout in a little Indian village into which the descendantsof the early Spanish settlers, the so-called Ladinos, havepenetrated in the last fifty years to provide a laboratorypicture of cultural intrusion. Departing, for hiseighteenth visit to Russia since 1904, when he saw thefamous "Easter Revolution" was Professor Samuel N.Harper, who will not return until July.NOTES. . . Alexander Woollcott, well known writer, will givesix public lectures on journalism at the University during the first three weeks of May. He also will givethree lectures open only to students. . . . Dr. Anton J.Carlson, chairman of the department of physiology, hasbeen appointed to the National Advisory Health Councilof the United States Public Health Service. For threeyears he has been chairman of the Committee on ToxicFood Sprays of the National Academy of Science, anadvisory group to the U. S. Department of Agriculture.. . . A total of 176 degrees were conferred at the SpringConvocation, March 14, bringing the number for theacademic year to 977.Two Men Ask Questions(Continued from Page 11)present economic system can not even guarantee food,clothing and shelter for people anxious and willing towork ?Unless on this Memorial Day we tell our young peoplethe truth, we have no right to hold a service. Unlesswe are willing to face the ugly facts, and, under God'sguidance, to pioneer a new path, as our ancestorspioneered, any observance of the day is a mockery.That is why I shall stay home from the cemetery thisafternoon. I prefer to spend it remembering these twofriends of mine, the young Canadian Lieutenant, andthe old man I met at Receiving Hospital.I think of them and their questions — questions no oneof us can escape. One of them was bayonetted in theArgonne, taking his perplexity with him, leaving hisquestion for us to answer. The other sleeps in thepotter's field, too weary even to remember his bewilderment, leaving his question for us too. I cannot answerthem, nor can you. Our generation may not find a wayout ; but we dare not commit the new generation to ourfailure. Of this I am sure; unless we face the futurehumbly, penitentially — sacrificially — our lips should besealed.ATHLETICSWINTER BIS TEN STANDINGSNo. 1 in FencingNo. 1 in Water PoloNo. 3 in GymnasticsNo. 6 in Indoor Track*(Tied with Northwestern)No. 7 in Basketball(Tied with Michigan andWisconsin)No. 8 in SwimmingNo. 9 in WrestlingTHE MAROON SCORE BOARDBasketballChicago 39 — 33 WisconsinChicago 28 — 26 PurdueFencingChicago 17 — 10 NorthwesternGymnasticsChicago 468^—533^ IllinoisIndoor TrackChicago 28- — 71 MarquetteSwimmingChicago 26 — 57 IllinoisWater PoloChicago 4 — 3 IllinoisWrestlingChicago 11 — 19 NorthwesternChicago 13 — 19 WisconsinChicago 6 — 22 MichiganBaseballChicago 3 — 0 Illinois NormalChicago 6 — 7 Illinois WesleyanChicago l^ 4 Illinois WesleyanTennisChicago 6 — 1 AlabamaChicago 4 — 3 Spring Hill CollegeChicago 3 — 4 TulaneChicago 3 — 3 TexasFINALE BY THE ENTIRE CHORUSEXACTLY one-half of a Big Ten championshipbetter off than a year ago, Chicago finished thewinter schedule with no team in last place. Fencing continued as a Maroon forte, when the undefeatedswordsmen won the conference meet. The water poloteam was also undefeated and untied, thus pre-emptingthe share of the title which Northwestern had last year.The slow-starting gymnasts, losers in all but one oftheir dual meets, came through for a third place in theconference, duplicating last year's showing which wasfollowed at that time by a first place in the N. C. A. A.meet.The track team amassed nine and one-half points inthe conference meet to tie for sixth, and the basketballsquad wound up the season in a blaze of glory, winning • By DON MORRIS, '36the last two games. Jim Anderson, Chicago breaststroke swimmer, took a third place in the meet at AnnArbor to give his team an eighth place. The wrestlersrate above Purdue, although neither scored points in theBig Ten meet, by dint of two defeats inflicted by Chicagoin dual meets.MORE MUMPSThe mump epidemic toll has increased from one tothree as this slate is written. Following the regulationincubation period, the ailment developed in No. 1 tennisplayer Bill Murphy and wrestler James Loeb, after ChetMurphy acquired it last month.The affliction, in the case of Bill Murphy, came intime to prevent his participation in the tennis team'ssouthern odyssey and undoubtedly cost a point or twoin each of the meetings.Without Bill's services, the net team won two, tiedone, and lost one of the meets. The two victories werescored eover relatively easy opponents, although CoachHebert reports that the largest gallery attended the .Spring Hill College contest in Mobile.This month two Big Ten matches are on the tennisdocket, with Michigan and Wisconsin, both on thevarsity courts.SPECTACULAR FLUKESWhile the semi-hothouse crocuses in Burton Court areexpected hourly, Coach Kyle Anderson's baseball teamis polishing up the diamond across the street; both arereliable indicators of spring.The baseball team is much improved over last year'snine, which won four and lost five conference games, tofinish seventh in the Big Ten. Although Wesleyan'steam appears to have the Indian sign on Chicago, CoachAnderson believes that he has a first-rate first-divisionteam this year.The second game of the Wesleyan double header wasmarked by the three-hit pitching of sophomore ArtLopatka, but it was lost by two runs which resulted fromtwo walks, three stolen bases, an error, a wild pitch, anda balk. This is spectacular, of course, but will probablynot feature all of Lopatka's starts this season.KLASS-TO-CALOGERATOS-TO-MEYERAs a matter of fact, Yancey T. Blade, inveterateMaroon follower, believes that the southpaw neophytefrom Austin, plus veteran Bob Reynolds and CliffGramer, who has become a pitcher after winning his "C"last year as an outfielder, form the nucleus of a veryeffective pitching staff.Hitting power, an experienced infield, and the pitchingof which Blade thinks so highly, should mean an improved record for Chicago this year. The Tinker-to-Evers-to-Chance aspect of this infield, by the way,involves the two co-captains, Larry Klass and RobertMeyer, and second baseman "Sparky" Calogeratos.1718 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEThe Present Outlook(Continued from Page 7)could not be depended upon to keep on fighting.The peoples of the world are fundamentally alike inthis. They will fight if they believe they are attacked.But to get them to make the attack outside their ownfrontiers is a wholly different matter. The British andthe French had no stomach for it in September. Therewas no evidence that the Russians had any stomachfor it. There was much evidence that the Italians hadno stomach for it, and not much more that the Germanshad.In September, the Germans would have fought a strategically defensive war against the British and French.They could have made raids with airplanes and submarines. But their army would have stood on the defensive behind a fortified frontier. That is the easiestkind of war to fight. But since September, the strategical position has been reversed. If Germany and Italywish to make any further military conquests, it is theywho will have to take the offensive against the Frenchand British standing behind their own well fortifiedfrontiers and defending their own possessions.As a military problem and as a psychological problem, this is an altogether different matter from what itwas in September. Then it was the British and Frenchwho needed to have decisive superiority in men andmaterials, who needed also to have the morale for theattack; now it is the Germans and Italians who musthave decisive superiority. Then it was the British andFrench who had to face the opposition of their ownpeople to a war outside their frontier. Now it is Hitlerand Mussolini who have to worry about whether theydare to summon their peoples to the awful sacrifices andthe gruelling losses of an offensive war, and whetherthey dare to put arms into the hands of their peoplewho are now disarmed.You will be wondering in your own minds, I am sure,whether the victory of General Franco in Spain does notgive the fascist powers a strategical advantage whichoutweighs the disadvantages I have just been describing. There are many who think it does, who arguethat General Franco belongs to the fascist bloc and thatNationalist Spain gives Italy and Germany a base forsubmarine and airplane attack against the vital communications of Frence and Great Britain.My own view is that had General Franco won hisvictory last year when the power of the Rome-Berlinaxis was in the ascendant, this danger might have beenall that many people say it is. But I believe that thesituation has changed so radically that, on the whole,the ending of the Spanish civil war strengthens, ratherthan weakens, the defensive position of Great Britainand France.My chief reason for believing this is that the Spanishcivil war was an ideological war which deeply dividedpublic opinion in all the democracies. It was a classwar and it was a religious war which divided Frenchmen, Englishmen, and, of course, Americans as well,on issues that made it impossible for them to unite on any definite and clear national policy about Spain. Thisdivision within the democracies paralyzed their wholeeffort to deal with the European problem. The endingof the civil war in Spain puts an end to that supremelydangerous division inside France and Britain. For thatdivision was worth more to Mussolini in a militarysense than anything he can do with his legionaries inSpain. As long as that war lasted Frenchmen werehopelessly divided about Spain. The French PopularFront supported the Barcelona government, the Frenchconservatives, with only a few exceptions supported theBurgos government. This meant that the French conservatives sympathized so much with Mussolini becauseof their ideological conflict in Spain that they were unwilling and unable to oppose Mussolini even when hethreatened the vital national interests of France. Theending of the civil war in Spain has united the Frenchand the British against fascist aggression in a way thatwas plainly impossible while the civil war continued.So I truly believe that nothing Mussolini can get fromFranco's victory can be worth as much to him as whatMussolini got out of the civil war itself. Spain dividedin an ideological war meant that Britain and Francewere divided by a deep ideological conflict.Moreover, I do not believe that there is much to begotten out of General Franco's victory. It is assumedby many, for example, that General Franco must be afascist because Mussolini and Hitler supported him. Butthere is no evidence that General Franco is a fascist asHitler and Mussolini understand fascism. GeneralFranco has ruled three quarters of Spain for more thana year, and he has not created a totalitarian state. Hehas established a military dictatorship. But that is notfascism. No doubt he will convert the dictatorship intoan authoritarian regime. But since the regime is almostcertain to be Catholic, monarchist, and military, it willnot be fascist in purpose, spirit, or social organization.But even if Franco's Spain were in outward formfascist, it seems to me unlikely in the extreme that itwill cast in its lot with the Rome-Berlin axis for anyinternational adventure.Spain is just finishing a dreadful civil war. Do youthink the Spanish soldiers would like to proceed to aninternational war? Spain is a satisfied country: it hasno need for, and no ambitions towards, an empire. Spainneeds to reconstruct after the devastation. What helpcan Mussolini give her ? The Spanish are a proud people and General Franco is a nationalist: is he likely towish the Italians to remain in Spain?If General Franco joined the Rome-Berlin axis witha view to some great adventure, Spain will not onlybe in the next war but Spain will be the first battlefieldof the next war. Mussolini has helped General Franco,but he can help him no more. He can offer him onlytrouble. The French and British, on the other hand,can offer General Franco neutrality, independence,peace and the money to reconstruct Spain. If Francois a Spanish patriot, he must choose neutrality, independence, peace, and money to reconstruct his country.I have now given you the three main reasons why Ibelieve that since the autumn the situation has changedfor the better. So I submit that the period from Septem-THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 19ber 1st to December 1st was the period of extreme danger. September 1st marked the beginning of what wasin reality a panic of demoralization which spread throughFrance and Britain as a result of a belief in the powerof Germany. It was this panic that led to the humiliating haste and indignity of the Munich surrender. December 1st is the date when the French general strikehad failed completely. It marks the end of the demoralization and the panic. It was during these three monthsthat the economic condition of the German reservesbegan to make itself manifest, and the strategical changefrom the offensive to the defensive began to be realized.By December 1st it had also become clear that therewas a new and immensely important factor in the situation. The American people had decided to increasetheir armaments. They had decided to strengthen theirpower to defend the Western hemisphere. And theyhad shown their sympathy in such a way that no onewho contemplated war in Europe could be sure thatunder any and all circumstances the American peoplewould remain indifferent and neutral.The fact that the United States were arming, thefact that America, though totally uncommitted, wasoverwhelmingly opposed in sentiment to the totalitarianstates, these two facts have had a very sobering effectin Rome, Berlin, and Tokio. They have had a veryheartening effect in the European democracies. Sincethe danger of war is the danger that the dictators maytake the gamble of trying to win by a knockout blow, thefact that the United States might not be neutral makesthe gamble infinitely less attractive. This has servedgreatly to protect the peace of the world. Without anyalliance, without any commitment, by the mere factthat we are so strong and that no one can count on ourstanding aside with indifference, we have for the pastthree months been exerting a mighty, perhaps a decisive,influence towards the maintenance of peace.My argument, then, is that the chances of a worldwar have been greatly reduced because those who mightwish to make war must take very much greater riskswith much smaller chances of victory. I do not meanto prophecy that they will not take the risks. They may.But if the democratic peoples remain calm and resolute,if they have the confidence that their real situation justifies, if they are vigilant against intrigue and propagandaand intimidation, they are in no such danger of war asthey were last summer, and in no such danger, as theywere in the autumn, of being defeated and conquered.They will have produced a military and diplomaticstalemate, and they can wait patiently and confidentlyuntil it resolves itself.Too strong to be defeated, too resolute to be intimidated, they can wait for the day when the German people, having finished with their revolution, are ready toresume their place as free, as equal, and as respectedmembers of the community of nations. That day willcome if, as is now possible, war is averted not by surrendering to force but by a convincing demonstrationthat force will not be permitted to prevail. Civilization and Politics(Continued from Page 9)matters. He cannot develop his highest powers becausethe state denies that he has them. The totalitarian statesare therefore bad states.If we ask ourselves, then, whether America can offera refuge to civilization the answer is that there is nothing in our form of government to prevent it. Our Constitution is democratic. We proclaim our understandingof the practical order by proclaiming our adherence toour tradition of freedom. We do not regard force asthe arbiter of opposing views. We are less likely thanany others to think that the state is an end in itself.But what of the ultimate test, the lives we lead ? Ifthere is nothing in our form of government that preventsus from testifying by our lives to its excellence, do ourlives as a matter of fact attest it? Do they show thatwe understand what is good and the order of goods?Do we act as though we knew that happiness is to befound in the fullest development of our highest powers,in living in accordance with the moral and intellectualvirtues? Do we make our practical judgments conformto right desire ? Do we know what right desire is ?Or do our lives suggest that we want money, power,and what we call success? Do they reveal our conviction that morality is a disguise to deceive the neighborsand that intellectual training is valuable if at all onlyas a means to wealth and preferment? Would the impartial observer be entitled to conclude that we thoughtof happiness as getting all the pleasure, riches, and prestige we could lay our hands on in the shortest possibletime? The questions are rhetorical.If we want to make our country a refuge for civilization, what is the duty of educated men ? They must tryto attain the fullest development of their highest powersand they must strive to promote the development ofthese powers in their fellow-citizens. The state can beno better than the people who compose it. This countryhas been the beneficiary of the greatest gifts of fortune :an impregnable position, vast resources, an ingeniouspeople, and a form of government calculated to assistthem to fulfill the loftiest aspirations of mankind. If wefail to make a home for civilization it will be our ownfault and especially the fault of those of us who havereceived advantages far beyond our fellows. As San-tayana put it long ago, "This soil is propitious to everyseed, and tares must needs grow in it. But why shouldit not also breed clear thinking, honest judgment, andrational happiness? These things are indeed not necessary to existence, and without them America might longremain rich and populous, like many a barbarous landin the past. But in that case its existence will behounded, like theirs, by falsity and remorse. MayHeaven avert the omen, and make the new world abetter world than the old."NEWS OF THE CLASSES1892Henry Topping, DB, is now locatedat 221 Lyman Block, Muskegon, Mich.1895James Westfall Thompson, PhD,of the University of California, hasbeen president of the Pacific Coastbranch of the American Historical Association and in December was electedsecond vice-president of the national association.1896Hallie C. Ellis is municipal judgein Bend, Oregon, and has been U. S.Commissioner for the state.1898John E. Klingberg, founder andsuperintendent of the world famousChildren's Home in New Britain, Conn.,has been in ill health for some time.189VJosephine T. Allin took part in asymposium on "Women in Education"held at a recent meeting of the American Association of University Women.1900F. G. Franklin, PhD, continues histravels, reading and discussion, especially of current affairs and politics.Chemistry and boats are O. E.Pettet's hobbies. He teaches at the Boys' Technical High School in Milwaukee.Chaplain J. E. Yates, DB, at thelast meeting of the executive staff ofthe Chaplain's Association was unanimously appointed editor-in-chief of TheArmy Chaplain. Chaplain Yates is nowretired and resides at 3803 HuntingtonStreet, N.W., Washington, D. C.1901Retired from the active ministry,Harry A. Stoughton, DB'01, is nowmaking his home in New Prague, Minnesota.1903Luther L. Kirtley, mining engineer for the Southwestern EngineeringCompany, is now located in Manila, P.I.Thomas Large writes that he reentered the State of Matrimony abouttwo and a half years ago and that MissRuth K. Fisken of Spokane was hisaccomplice in getting across the border.In addition to his teaching work atLewis and Clark High School in Spokane, he is trying to organize "preflood-ing" ecological studies for regions affected above Coulee Dam and in theirrigation area below.Hayward D. Warner returned toDenver last September after twenty-four years in the Pacific Northwest and is now with the Warner Agency whichhandles insurance. His son, Robert,California Tech '35, is a fellow inbiochemistry in Bellevue Medical ofNew York University.1904C. F. Leland is vice president of theAmerican Mutual Liability InsuranceCompany in charge of sales in the second district, with headquarters in NewYork City. The Lelands, including thethree children, have been living inMaplewood, N. J., since 1929. JaneEllen, graduated from Hood College in1934, where she majored in child psychology, and then trained as a registered nurse. Forrest Bouton, LehighUniversity '38, went into the insurancebusiness after leaving school and is nowengaged in selling casualty insurancefor the American Mutual Liability Insurance Company in Newark, N. J.Wayne Erving, who is a senior atColumbia High in Maplewood, is headed for prep school and then college.William R. Manning, PhD, of theDepartment of State at Washington, iscontinuing his monumental collection oftreaties, diplomatic correspondence, etc.,relating to the foreign relations of theUnited States. Nine volumes of oneseries have appeared and two more arein press. Dr. Manning has also published another series of three volumeson the United States in relation toSouth American independence, and isengaged upon a series concerningCanadian relations.Glenside Springs, Pleasant Hill, Illinois, is the new address of EugeneNeubauer, DB'09. Besides the overseeing of his orchards and properties,Mr. Neubauer finds time to continue hisspecial preaching and lecturing.1905C. F. Kennedy's family numbers five.Edward is 24, was graduated from theHill School in 1932 and has been atthe University of Chicago — off and on— since. Margaret, 21, was graduatedfrom the Emma Willard School in1934 and is now a senior at Smith.Charles, Jr. (Bud), 18, graduated fromthe Van Wert High School. He playedleft half on the' high school footballteam and center and forward on thebasketball team. Kennedy is presidentof the Kennedy Manufacturing Company, Van Wert, Ohio.A fifth printing of Louis M. Sears'(AM'09, PhD'22) A History of American Foreign Relations brings the workto midsummer, 1938 (Crowell Company). He is professor of history atPurdue.1906From 510 Second Street, Brooklyn,New York, comes a note from Lucy A.Arthur who gives her occupation as"homemaker for two bachelors — abrother and myself." Lucy belongs tonew books by campus authorsANIMALS WITHOUT BACKBONESAn Introduction to the InvertebratesBy RALPH BUCHSBAUMNew York Herald Tribune says: "Magnificentphotographs . . . finest collection of naturalstudies of animal life. ..." David Dietz, ScienceEditor, Scripps-Howard, says: "... valuable tothe intelligent citizen who wishes to catch up onwhat science has been doing since his own schooldays." More than 750 illustrations. $5.00.TUDOR PURITANISMBy M. M. KNAPPENNew York Times says: ". . .so clear an expository style, and so much human sympathy thatthose who are not professed historians . . . canfind a great deal of enjoyment . . . takes Puritanism as a brilliant chapter in idealism." $4.00.ITALY AND THE VATICAN AT WABBy S. WILLIAM HALPERINNew York Times says: "The documentation employed is surpassed in value, variety and amountby no other book covering the same period."Studies Italo-Papal relations from the Outbreakof the Franco-Prussian War to the Death ofPius IX in 1878, and illuminates the backgroundof controversies and conflicts still at the very coreof contemporary life. $3.00.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS20THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 21Meridian, a select woman's library club0f New York City.Charles R. Frazer is an insuranceagent and lives at 121 East SouthStreet, Raleigh, N. C.Hugo M. Friend, JD'08, Judge ofthe Circuit Court of Cook County, whohas been sitting in the first district Appellate Division, led all the sittingjudges in the Chicago Bar Association's referendum for indorsement.Judge Friend received 1,784 favoringvotes and only 66 negative from thelawyers of the Association.G. R. Schaeffer has been appointedto direct publicity, advertising, andsales promotion of Marshall Field andCompany. With the Field organizationsince 1918, he has been director of publicity and customer relations since October, 1937.1907At a tea in their home in HubbardWoods a few weeks ago, Mr. and Mrs.Laird Bell announced the engagementof their second daughter, Frances, toGilbert H. Osgood. Miss Bell attendedSmith College and Mr. Osgood is agraduate of Princeton University andHarvard Law School. No date has beenset for the wedding.Guy C. Crippen, DB'll, is chairmanof a committee formed by interestedgroups in Monmouth, Illinois, for theorganization of an adequate public healthprogram for that city. Many localagencies are co-operating in the movement.Andrew G. Thompson, JD, writesfrom El Cerrito, Calif., where he haspracticed law for many years. From1930-35 he was city judge there.William E. Wrather of Dallas,Texas, is engaged in the practice ofconsulting geologist and engineer, confining his attention primarily to oiland gas. He keeps up an active interest in many things outside his vocationand reports that his most interesting outside pursuit is the presidency of theTexas State Historical Association,which keeps him rather closely in touchwith a group whose interest lies entirelyoutside his professional activity. Hehas two daughters, sixteen and fourteen.1908Numerous articles have been comingfrom the pen of Milo M. Quaife,PhD, who is secretary of the BurtonHistorical Collection at Detroit andspecial lecturer at Wayne University.He has edited Historic St. JosephIsland, by Joseph and Estelle Baylers(Torch Press, 1938) and The Borderand the Buffalo by John R. Cook (R. R.Donnelley, 1938) , and is advisory editorof the Dictionary of American Historyto be published in several volumes byScribner's.Henry Schwarm of Safety Harbor,Fla., is on leave of absence from teaching this year. well Never Graduate • •If you can't come in, writefor date of Frank BrothersExhibition in Your CityWe're perpetual students ... of shoes. Always concerned withleathers and lasts, soles and heels. And always turning up newideas — for example the Golden Gorse shoe illustrated, a honeycolored leather tanned by the famous Martin of Glasgow, thatwill make your friends choke with envy. What a shoe! $22.50FIFTH AVENUE • 47th-48th Streets • NEW YORK225 OLIVER AVENUE— PITTSBURGH, PA. • 112 WEST ADAMS STREET. FIELD BU ILDING— CHICAGO, ILLTO HAVE ANDto HOLD ITS only human to want toown things and just as humanto want to keep them. But as youacquire material possessions . . .a home, furnishings, business,automobile, jewelry, furs, etc ... you are constantly facedwith the possibility of losing them by fire, explosion, embezzlement, accident and other hazards. The logical solution is insurance . . . thereis a policy available against practically every haz- EjBJjard that threatens your financial welfare. Consult ¦* MBfeJ p*"*the North America Agent in your vicinity. ¦ssaa-Insurance Company ofNorth AmericaPHILADELPHIAand its affiliated companieswrite practically every form of insurance except life22 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINELjou ll lilarvel at the (goodness of theseTASTIER, JUICER FRANKFURTS!# More and more families are discovering the way to get reallyluscious frankfurts. They simply ask their dealer for Swift'sPremium.Only the finest meats go into these frankfurts. A masterfulhlend of seasonings brings out the full flavor of the meats. Thenthey're smoked and cooked . . . 'til they reach the very peak oftenderness and mildness.There's a real treat in store for you when you try Swift'sPremium Frankfurts. Serve them this very week . . . andlearn for yourself how marvelously good frankfurts can be.Swift's Premium Frankfurts1909Raymond D. Elliott, geophysicist,is manager of the Oilfields ServiceCompany of Long Beach, Calif.A meritorious award from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for "greatservice to the Christian Church" waspresented to Bishop Ivan Lee Holt,PhD, honorary president of the Divinity School Alumni Association.William C. Vogt, AM, is assistantsecretary and director of advertisingfor Western Auto Supply Company ofKansas City, Mo.1910Henry Charles Johnson is in theinsurance business in San Diego, Calif.Lillian H. Luehrs is field secretaryof Church Mission of Help, Flushing,New York.David R. Moore, PhD, professor ofhistory at Oberlin, is the author of AHistory of Latin America (Prentice-Hall, 1938).1911Gordon H. Aikins, barrister-at-law,has his office at 941 Somerset Building,Winnipeg, Manitoba.In a recent communication GertrudePerry Keats of Plandome, L. I., mentions her three sons. Acton is a member of the Class of '41 at the Universityof North Carolina and is an honor manspecializing in math. Perry, Harvard1939, is a letterman and is majoring inFrench. James will graduate fromManhasset High School this June.Elsa Henzel is a Chicago teacher and lives at 113 North Homan Boulevard.Early in the month of December, theFirst Baptist Church of Denver (Clarence W. Kemper, AM, DB'12, pastor)dedicated and moved into its new$250,000 building across from the statecapitol.1912Mrs. Elsie Clark Krug, AM, ownsthe gift shop, Krug Chinese Imports at2227 St. Paul St., Baltimore, Maryland.For diversion from housekeeping and"stoking two fires," Charlotte M.Porter of Breckinridge, Colorado,turns to genealogical research and collecting United States pennies. She ischairman of the cemetery committee ofBreckinridge Woman's Club which recently raised money for a new fenceand other improvements at the localcemetery.1913Kent Chandler once again is mayorof Lake Forest. While the election wasnot held until April 13, he and the eightother candidates on his ticket were assured of reelection early in March whenthe deadline passed without any otherpersons filing petitions.Elizabeth Jones Farrell (Mrs.W. K.) of East Orange, N. J., describes herself as a housewife who hasher work planned so she can spend theleast time there possible. She hasworked intensively on the Welfare Federation and Red Cross drives, somewhatless for her college and women's clubs, and more for her church and its work.Her hobby is keeping up her son's(Stamp collection. Of the Class Reunion she writes : "Had the grandesttime at my 25th reunion in June andonly wish more had been there. Whatwe lacked in numbers, we made up inenthusiasm, for it was the best of ourmany reunions, I think."Writings of General John Forbes(colorful figure in the history of Pittsburgh, and of Western Pennsylvania) isthe title of a new book edited byAlfred P. James, AM, PhD'24, professor in history at the University ofPennsylvania. Particularly valuable forresearch in local history, the book contains 199 documents of which only 5&had previously been printed.W. C. Laube, AM, PhD'35, is nowprofessor of church history at the University of Dubuque.Glenola Behling Rose writes from38 Briar Lane, Penn's Grove, N. J.,that she spends considerable time lecturing. Her husband, Robert E. Rose,travels a good deal.!9!4Manuel C. Elmer, PhD, head ofthe department of sociology at the University of Pittsburgh, is the author ofa new book Social Research, which presents the principles and philosophy ofsocial research, trends in its development, outstanding experiments in developing particular types and methodsof research, and applications to the analysis and explanation of causation.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 23Helen Edward Geissman (Mrs. W.I.) housewife, lives at 438 Harrison,Scranton, Pa.Minnie Frost Rands, SM, chairman0f drama for the District of ColumbiaFederation of Women's Clubs, is theauthor of a story-drama entitled Theprince of Peace which has been produced in Washington, D. C, and atRiverside Church in New York City.1915Ella Burkhart (Mrs. Herbert) isjustly proud of her daughter, MarilynElaine, who is ten years old and inseventh grade in school. Talented insinging, dancing and dramatics, Marilyn won a scholarship in December,1938, on her natural dramatic ability.Mrs. Burkhart is personnel counselorat Fenger High, Chicago.George M. Morris, JD, of the lawfirm of Morris, Kixmiller and Baar, ishonorary president of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity this year and was chairman of the House of Delegates of theAmerican Bar Association from 1936-38. He is very much interested in thegroup efforts of lawyers for the improvement of the administration ofjustice.Melvin Lawrence Shaw is executor of the J. B. Shaw Estate and alsocity treasurer of Edgerton, Wis.Gertrude M. Webb lives at 5501Washington Blvd., Chicago, teaches atMarshall High.1916Alice Adams, of Central StateTeachers College, Michigan, supervisesstudent teaching in the fifth grade.Clara H. Bruce, AM, on furloughfrom the American Mission, Ahmed-nagar, Bombay Province, India, is continuing her studies at the KennedySchool of Missions, Hartford, Connecticut.Earle Eubank, PhD, representedthe American Sociological Society atthe International Sociological Federation in 1938. He is on the faculty atthe University of Cincinnati.A member of the faculty at St. OlafCollege, Albert M. Holmquist, SM,PhD'23, has the rank of professor.Willard R. Jillson, geologist-engineer of Frankfort, Ky., has written andpublished 53 books and has a totalbibliography of published titles ongeology, history, biography, travelverse, etc., of about 300 titles. Hisoldest, daughter, Marie, married FrankW. Rodenheber in December, 1937.Willard Jr., is now a sophomore atMiami University. There are two otherchildren, Oriole, 20, and Ann Elizabeth,12, in the family.V. F. Schwalm, AM, PhD'26, president of McPherson College, Kansas,is active in the work of the Church ofthe Brethren, of which he is now moderator. He is also a member of theKansas Board of Education and of theState Textbook Commission.Wilmer Souder, PhD, principalphysicist at the Bureau of Standards,was elected vice president of the International Association for Dental 'Re search at a recent meeting in Cleveland.H. Nathan Swaim, JD, was electedjudge of the Supreme Court of theState of Indiana last November. Hehas practiced law in Indianapolis since1916.1917Joseph C. Carroll, AM'18, DB'19,is the author of Slave Insurrections inthe United States, 1800-1865, a newbook just published by the Mount Vernon Press, Boston.Elisabeth Haseltine H i b b a r d(Mrs. F. C.) continues teaching art atthe University of Chicago as well asher work as a sculptor.Mrs. W. D. Jordan, retired teacher,lives in Bowling Green, Ohio.Dorothea Kahn is a reporter forThe Christian Science Monitor.J. Marshall Peer teaches in HydePark High School, Chicago.1918Hobart David Bancroft is land appraiser and supervisor for the NewJersey Mutual Benefit Association.The Central York CongregationalChurch, Omaha, Nebraska, is the newpastorate of Arthur E. Fish, AM.Mr. Fish was formerly pastor of theFirst Conregational Church at Eldora,Iowa.Having served as director of Christian Education for the United BaptistConvention of Maine in co-operationwith the American Baptist PublicationSociety from 1923 to 1938, FletcherH. Knollin, AM, is retiring from hisofficial duties.John W. Long of Huntington, W.Va., writes: "Still at the same old job— my department store business. Stillholding on in spite of the 'new deal.' "He gets his recreation working aroundhis lawns, gardens, etc.Helen E. Loth, AM'20, PhD'36, isan instructor in Latin and Spanish atSuperior (Wis.) State Teachers College.Charles G. Parker is associate secretary and associate treasurer of theMilwaukee Stamping Company of WestAllis, Wis.As nutritionist for the Health Department of Birmingham and JeffersonCounties of Alabama, Certie Reynoldsworks in children clinics in both cityand county and helps with health education through county school lunchrooms.Janet Casto Tinker (Mrs. JohnM.) of Penn's Grove, New Jersey, ispresident of the local woman's club thisyear. Her husband is connected withthe Jackson Laboratory at Deepwater,New Jersey.1919Leo Guy Haselton is in the dairybusiness in Eustis, Florida.Lucy W. Markley, AM'20, DB'21,PhD'25, for several years librarian inthe University of Chicago Libraries,left to assume her new duties as assistant librarian at Union TheologicalSeminary, February 1.Meta R. Sembell's married name isMrs. James Daly. She is living in Gillette, Wyoming. CHICAGO ft NORTH WESTERN RAILWAYSAN FRANCISCWORLDS FAI ieW,Go this quickest, most scenicway, via the Historic OverlandRoute (C. &N.W.-U. P.-So. Pac). Ride inluxurious comfort on world famous trains.En route to San Francisco visit the West'smost enthralling wonderlands. Widechoice of routes with option of going oneway, returning another. Low fares. Liberalstopover privileges.PACIFIC COASTrSr 'iJtffS:Pacific Northwest. See all the high spotsof the West Coast on one grand circle tour.From Chicago, round trip in •£_ Aftcoaches as low as *OD. UUROM I1FR II AM— Lake Mead— Magnifi-BUULUtlt Uftm cent Inspirjng. see themen route to or from California. Tours .- ._from Las Vegas, Nev., as low as . 'o.4bPfll ARAM) — Sublime mountain vacation-bULunHuu land 0n,y overnight fromChicago. Round trip in coaches -«. *.as low as *ol.lUYFI I flWSTONF Magic land of geysers,icixundiunc wild Hf waterfaiis,canyons. Round trip fromChicago ,.- _Ain Pullmans (berth extra) . . . *49.oUZI0N, BRYCE, GRAND CANYON NAT'LPARKS — ^ee a1^ tnree °f these awe-inspiringwonderlands onone tour. Round tripto Cedar City in Pullmans (berth »cft eftextra) only *OU.bUBLACK HILLS, SO. DAK.-£<££east of the Rockies. Picturesque. Romantic.Site of great Mt. Rushmore Memorial.Round trip from Chicago in ._fi ._Coaches, only ....... *ZD.4D"Famous moun-in resort onthe edge of America's "Last Wilderness."Round trip from Chicago as ,_. AAlow as '54.90CANADIAN ROCKIES^anftL^Louise,to or from the Pacific Coast, .«_ AAonly :¦.'.:: '65.00Al A3K A— Land °f (he Midnight Sun.HUtann Round trip from Seattle $A- AAas low as **ID»UUNORTH WOOFK of Wisconsin, UpperNUKin VlUUUd Michi„an( Minnesota—Forest playground of the Middle West.Round trip in coaches from $Q __Chicago as low as ...... *y.5t>Ask About North Western EscortedAll-Expense Toursp— — MAIL THIS COUPON— —- JR. THOMSON, Passenger Traffic ManagerChicago & North Western Ry. _ ... 1Dept. 4 1 — 400 W. Madison St., Chicago, 111. |Please send information about a trip to JName. IAddress ID Also all-expense tours«| CHICAGO L «¦»RAILWAYSUN VALLEY, IDAHO f v24 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEBLACKSTONEHALLanExclusive Women's Hotelin theUniversity of Chicago DistrictOffering Graceful Living to University and Business Women atModerate TariffBLACKSTONE HALL5748 TelephoneBlackstone Ave. Plaza 3313Verna P. Werner, DirectorPETERSONFireproof WarehouseSTORAGE — MOVINGForeign — DomesticShipments55th & Ellis Phone, MID 9700HAIR REMOVED FOREVERBEFORE AFTER18 Years' ExperienceFREE CONSULTATIONLOTTIE A. METCALFEGraduate NurseALSOELECTROLYSIS EXPERTMultiple 20 platinum needles can be used.Permanent removal of Hair from Face,Eyebrows, Back of Neck or any partof Body; destroys 200 to 600 Hair Rootsper hour.Removal of Facial Veins, Moles andWarts.Member American Assn. Medical Hydrology andPhysical Therapy$1.75 per Treatment for HairTelephone FRA 4885Suite 1705, Stevens Bldg.17 No. State St.Perfect Loveliness Is Waith tn Beauty Florence E. Smith, AM, PhD'29,associate professor of history at AgnesScott College, attended the last summersession on international law at AnnArbor, at the invitation of the International Law Division of the CarnegieFoundation.1920Walter A. Bowers, who is executive assistant to the Commissioner ofAccounts and Deposits, U. S. TreasuryDepartment, recently sent us a pagefrom the Washington Post RotogravureSection illustrating how the biggest accounting and disbursing job in theworld is performed by the TreasuryDepartment through the Commissioner's office.From Utah State Agricultural College comes word of the publication of ahistory of the college by Toel e. Ricks,AM, PhD'30, head of the history department.Gertrude Wilson, PhD'38, writesasking that we change her address fromWestern Reserve University to theSchool of Applied Social Science of theUniversity of Pittsburgh, where she recently assumed the position of associateprofessor of social administration andassistant dean.1921A Handbook of Essentials in English(Henry Holt and Company) is the titleof Laird Bell's most recent publication. He is on the English faculty atPurdue University.Vernon Bowver, AM, is in theBoard of Education Office, Chicago.Mrs. Walter C. Evans (GeorginaBurtis), who now lives at 210 North-field Place, Baltimore, Md., is proud ofher occupation — housewife. She hastwo children, Charles, 9 vears old, andJean, 12.Ramona Hayes Healy, AM'32, hasjust been elected president of the Women's Travel Club of Chicago. Theclub is composed of women employedin steamship, air .lines, bus offices andtravel bureaus.Ellen Meader teaches at North Dallas (Texas) High School. Clothing isher subject.Lucile Potter Miller, JD'27, leftthe trust department of the Central Republic Trust Company (now in receivership) to become secretary to the executive director of the Chicago PlanFor Hospital Care.Henry A. Rabe commutes daily fromPassaic, N. J., to New York City wherehe is general manager and assistant vicepresident of the New York Fruit Auction Corp.A. W. Simon, PhD'25, is a geophysicist with the Stanolind Oil and GasCo.. Tulsa, Okla..Since October, 1938, Ellis M. Studebaker, AM, of Glendale. Calif., hasbeen district manager of the NationalLife Insurance Company of Montpelier,Vermont. Formerly he was presidentof La Verne College.1922Carl W. Gamer of .Urbana, 111., isspending this spring in Berlin.Sigma Xi of Oklahoma A. & M. College elected J. C. Ireland of the WITH your own new 1939 Schult Trailer youhave a "cottage" on every lake, in the mountains, or at a World's Fair. Go where you wish— leavewhen you're ready. You're foot-loose and fancy-free.10 new models. Large production M_„permits low prices. Soft, restful beds lO NEWoven cook-stoves . . . fine reftiger- SCH II LTatots... roomy wardrobes. New insulation, 10 times more efficient, givesproven all-weather comfort.See your Schult dealer today— otwrite for illustrated FREB CATALOG. Now, 3-year maintenancewarranty with every Schult Trailer.SCHULT TRAILERS, Inc,OW*. 2304 ILKHAIIT. - — MODELS$498 to$3600WtUz-SCHULT TRAILERSTHE OLDEST CAMP IN THE WESTCAMP HIGHLANDSFOR BOYSSAYNER, WISCONSINThree Camps— 8-12: 13-14: 15-17Woodcraft, Athletic and Water Sports,Music, Photography, Scouting, Long CanoeTrips, Riding, Shooting, Shop, Nature Lore,Camping Trips, Unexcelled Equipment,Experienced Staff, Doctor and Nurse.WRITE THE DIRECTOR FOR CATALOGW. J. MONILAW, M. D.5712 Kenwood Ave., ChicagoAgronomy Dept., president for the current year. Sound motion pictures arehis hobby.Glenn A. Rowles, AM, left DeKalbj111., to accept the pastorate of the FirstCongregational Church of Ripon, Wis.F. M. Salter, AM, recently acceptedan appointment at the University ofAlberta as assistant professor of English literature. He begins his teachingwork there in July.Henry H. Walker, AM'31 PhD'30,has accepted a call to be pastor of theCongregational Church in Iberia, Missouri, ancj also to serve as professor ofbiblical literature and history in IberiaCollege.Ida May Young, AM, continuesteaching at Asheville Teachers College,North Carolina.1923As to occupation Faber Birren ofNew York City says "colorist." He isthe author of Monument to Color(1938) : Functional Color' (1937) ; andColor Dimensions (1934).George W. Brown, AM, PhD'24,professor of history, University of Toronto, is editor of the Canadian Historical Review. The Canadian HistoricTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 25cal Association Report for 1938 contains his article, "The Early MethodistChurch and the Canadian Point ofView."Upon returning to China after a furlough, Clarence B. Day, AM, who ishead of the department of English inHangchow Christian College, found hiscollege operating as a unit in the "Associated Christian Colleges in Shanghai/' with St. John's University (Episcopalian), University of Shanghai(Baptist), and Soochow University(Southern Methodist). The total enrollment of , the Associated Colleges isapproximately two thousand. Mr. Dayreports that the buildings of the Hangchow Christian College are intact andthe library is untouched. As soon asconditions permit, the College hopes toreturn to its own campus.Harold M. Dudley is connectedwith the United Senate Research Staff,at 307 Senate Building, Washington,D. CAlice M. Hawkins has served forthree and a half years as grade schoolprincipal in Trenton, Mich.Frederick Hamilton Monroe is assistant manager of Russell's Guide Company (publishing) of Cedar Rapids,Iowa.Alma H. Prucha is teaching Frenchat Bay View High School in Milwaukee, Wis.Mrs. Philip E. Shulhafer recentlymoved to 405 East 11th Street, Rome,Ga. She is secretary of the GeorgiaLeague of Women Voters.Lester Westerman is general manager of the Carbit Paint Company, Chicago.Harold E. Woods is sales representative for the United States GypsumCo., Grand Rapids.. Mich.1924In addition to her work as associatedirector of the supervision departmentof the National College of Education,Agnes Louise Adams is editorial criticfor a series of units of work publishedby the Quarrie Corporation. She willteach in the second term of the summersession at the University of Colorado.Last summer J. D. Brite, AM, PhD^7, with his wife and small daughtertraveled extensively in the UnitedStates. Fall found him back teachingat Utah State Agricultural College withrenewed enthusiasm.From Koishikawa, Tokyo, Japan,Tadao Kawamura, AM, PhD'28,writes of^ his new work as researchdirector of sociology in the GovernmentResearch Institute of National Culture.Recently he completed a study of prim-rtive cultures of Toochoo and the Formosa Islands.Selby Vernon McCasland, AM,PhD '26, professor and chairman of thedepartment of religion at Goucher College, Baltimore, has just accepted appointment to the faculty of the University of Virginia as professor of biblicalhistory and literature, incumbency tobegin September 15, 1939.Marguerite Nelson Preston is executive secretary of Public Action, Inc.,the largest peace organization in the United States, which keeps its membersinformed of all Congressional legislation affecting peace and urges them towrite their Congressmen expressingtheir personal opinion on such laws.Her husband, Walter G. Preston, Jr.,formerly assistant to President Hutchins, is with the National Broadcasting Co., New York City.B. H. Smith recently assumed theduties of joint rector of the St. Andrews Episcopal Church, Seguin, Texas,and St. Mark's Church, San Marcos,Texas.Lillian R. Watkins is teachingat Benton Lligh School, St. Joseph, Mo.1925Mildred Creek lives in JeffersonCity, Mo., and teaches in the local highschool.Russell F. Judson, AM, DB'26,who just this year accepted the pastorate of the Cherry Street BaptistChurch in Alton, Illinois, was electedto the Board of Trustees of ShurtleffCollege.Amanda Johnson, PhD, professorof history, Georgia State College forWomen, is active in the work of theAmerican Association of UniversityWomen.Loren C. MacKinney, professor ofmedieval history, University of NorthCarolina, is the author of The MedievalWorld, published by Farrar and Rine-hart in 1938.Travel and study in Europe in 1938are reported by Jennings B. Sanders,AM, PhD'28, who is head of the history department at the University ofTennessee.William H. Smith, PhD, formerlyat William Jewell College, Liberty,Missouri, is now at the University ofRedlands, Redlands, California.Last summer Fremont P. Wirth,PhD, visited most of Europe. Professor at Peabody College, he has beenelected second vice president of theNational Council for the Social Studies.1926Ralph S. Boggs, PhD'30, of the department of romance languages of theUniversity of North Carolina, is oneof six eminent folklorists in the country recently appointed consultant to ajoint committee on folk art sponsoredby the Works Progress Administration. The committee was formed tobring together the various divisions ofWPA which are concerned with folklore, including the Federal WritersProject, Federal Art Project, FederalMusic Project and others.Elinor Nims Brink, PhD, is professor of social science at Georgia StateWoman's College.Attorney Milton Gerwin, JD'28, ofthe firm of Wetten, Pegler & Dale ofChicago, is president of the SouthShore Temple Brotherhood.Frederick C. Koons, SM, reportsthe birth of a great granddaughter.Marcia Anne Koons on October 25,1938. Retired, Fred lives in Wharton,Texas.Clara May McFrancis is documents librarian at A. & M. College ofTexas. SCHOOL DIRECTORYGIRL'S SCHOOL""OAK GROVE ~"~"Prepares for College and Gracious Living. Music,Art, Expression. Upper and Lower Schools. Grad!Course Sec. Science. New Fireproof Buildings!Riding included. Mr. and Mrs. Robert Owen*Box 170, Vassalboro, Maine.BOY'S SCHOOLSHEBRON ACADEMYThorough college preparation for boys at moderatecost. 79 Hebron boys freshmen in college thisyear. Write for booklet and circulars. Ralph L.Hunt, Box G, Hebron, Me.WILLISTON ACADEMYUnusual educational opportunities at modest cost.Over 150 graduates in 40 colleges. New recreational center, gym, pool. Separate Junior School.A. V. Galbraith, Box 3, Easthampton, MassITHE MERCERSBURG ACADEMYPrepares for entrance to all colleges and universities. Alumni from 24 nations. 680 former studentsnow in 113 colleges. Boyd Edwards, D.D., LL.D.,Headmaster, Mercersburc, Pa.* CARSON LONG INSTITUTE *Boys' Military School. Educates the whole boy physically, mentally, morally. How to learn, howto labor, how to live. Prepares for college or business. Rates $500.00. Camp & Summer Session, $125.00.Box 45, New Bloomfield, Pa.COEDUCAT'NAL SCHOOLMERRICOURTUnderstanding care for boys and girls 1 to 12 inunique country boarding school and camp. Everyfacility for health, happiness and social development. By month or year. For illustrated bookletaddress Mr. & Mrs. John G. Kingsbury, Berlin,Conn.For further information write directly to aboveschools or camps or to the Graduate Group Educational Bureau, 30 Rockefeller Pl., New York, N.Y.The Midway School6216 Kimbark Ave. Tel. Dorchester 3299Elementary Grades — High SchoolPreparation — KindergartenFrench, Music and ArtBUS SERVICEA School with Individual Instruction andCultural AdvantagesIntensive Stenographic CourseMacCormac School ofCommerceBusiness Administration and SecretarialTrainingDAY AND EVENING CLASSESAccredited by the National Association of Accredited Commercial Schools.1170 E. 63rd St. H. P. 2130ELIZABETH HULL SCHOOLForRETARDED CHILDRENBoarding and Day Pupils5046 TelephoneGreenwood Ava. Drexel 118826 THE UNIV ERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEYour whole life throughShorthand will be useful to you.LearnGREGGthe world's fastest shorthand.•BUSINESSDIRECTORY•AMBULANCE SERVICEBOYDSTON BROS.All phones OAK. 0492operatingAuthorized Ambulance Servicefor Billings HospitalUniversity Clinics, etc.PACKARD AND LASALLE EQUIPMENTAWNINGSPhones Oakland 0690—0691—0692The Old ReliableHyde Park Awning Co.,INC.Awnings and Canopies for All Purposes4508 Cottage Grove AvenueBOILER REPAIRINGBEST BOILER REPAIR &WELDING CO.BOILER REPAIRING AND WELDING24 HOUR SERVICE1408 S. Western Ave. Tel. Canal 6071NIGHT PHONEDREXEL 6400 OAKLAND 3929HAVEFEWER BOILER REPAIRSMFG. OF FEWER'S SUBMERGED WATERHEATERS4317 Cottage Grove Ave., ChicagoEstablished 1895 1927Mabel Hessler Cable (Mrs. Chester H.), AM, PhD'34, is an instructorin English at Morgan Park Junior College.Harold S. Laden gives his occupation as "broker," and) his address as6502 North Eighth Street, Philadelphia.A. R. McIntyre, PhD'30, MD'31,continues as professor and chairman ofthe Department of Physiology andPharmacology at the University of Nebraska College of Medicine at Omaha.A prize of $1,000 was awarded toB. H. Persuing, PhD, by the FederalCommission on the Sesquicentennial ofthe Northwest Territory for his manuscript entitled The Ordinance of 1787,Its Operation and Influence in American History. Professor Pershing islocated at Wittenberg College, Springfield, Ohio.1928Rural village work in Kuji, IwatiKen, Northern Japan, has been theproject of Thomasine Allen, AM.Conrad Bergendoff, PhD, was therecipient of the honorary degree ofDoctor of Theology from the University of Upsala, Sweden, in 1938. Hehas been delivering lectures and writing-articles and reviews.Frank I. Bloom is working with theNational Labor Relations Board, Washington, D. C.Donald A. Boyer is instructor andhead of the science department at Sko-kie Junior High, Winnetka.J. Howard Covell, AM, is editor ofThe Japan Christian Quarterly. TheOctober issue of this magazine containsa review of Kagawa's State and Religion, by D. C. Holtom, PhD'19.At the University of North Carolina,Preston H. Epps, PhD, is associateprofessor of Greek.Carl H. Henrikson is director ofeducation and research for the NationalAssociation of Credit Men, New YorkCity, this year.A note from Hanna E. Kruegercomes from Waukesha, Wis., where sheis assistant librarian at Carroll College.Charles T. Leavitt, AM, PhD'31,of the Milwaukee Vocational School,announces the birth of a daughter lastMay.Helen Buckingham May is nowMrs. John F. G. Miller of 20 ChapelStreet, Brookline, Mass. the Laboratory of Anthropology 0|Santa Fe, New Mexico. Dr. Fay.Cooper Cole recently was elected vice-chairman of its Board of Trustees.L. W. Newton, PhD, of the NorthTexas State Teachers College, traveled5800 miles by automobile last summer.He has published, as co-author, WhatAmerica Has Done, a textbook for highschools (Southern Publishing Company).Carl A. Nissen, AM, is professor ofsociology at Baldwin-Wallace CollegeBerea, Ohio.Benjamin H. Overman, AMteaches at Southwest High School inKansas City, Mo., and is commander ofPost 1659, Veterans of Foreign Wars.Assistant to the director of SmithCollege Art Museum describes Elizabeth H. Payne's (AM) present position.The past two summers RuthSchornherst, SM, of Florida StateWomen's College, has attended the University of Michigan.Myrta A. Shannon is primary supervisor of the Hartford (Conn.)schools.Morris B. Storer, AM, with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, is southeastern states specialist for the programstudy and discussion section. He married Gretchen G. Schneider of Cleveland, Ohio, in August, 1935, and JohnWinthrop arrived October 25, 1937.The Torch Press has published FredB. Joyner's (PhD) book, David AmesWells, Champion of Free Trade.1930Another alumna at present located inWashington, D. C, is Hazel C. Benjamin (AM) who is doing researchwork in social sciences.Mary E. Cochran, PhD, of KansasState Teachers' College, is now in England on sabbatical leave. She was thereduring the Munich crisis. She has beenworking in the British Museum andPublic Record Office on the problem ofimmigration to America.Katharine E. Crane, PhD, writesa monthly article, "Have You Read?"for Social Education, of which she isassistant editor. From 1931 to 1936 shewas an assistant editor of the Dictionary of American Biography, towhich she contributed some forty articles.Emily F. Ellis, AM, now supervisor of the Lomer School, New YorkInstitute for the Education of theBlind, New York City, has had a number of her articles on religious education in recent issues of the PilgrimElementary Teacher (Pilgrim Press).Clair B. Gahagen has accepted theposition of assistant minister at theThird Presbyterian Church of Pittsburgh, "one of the strongest Presbyterian churches of this city, which is atthe center of Presbyterianism." Hisaddress is 340 South Highland Avenue,Pittsburgh.We recently heard from LucileGustafson, AM, who is teaching inthe Buehtel High School in Akron, 0.BOOK BINDERSW. B. CONKEY COMPANYHammond, IndianaPrinters and BindersofBooks and CatalogsSales OfficesCHICAGO NEW YORK ax v^ormecucur college, lharles u.Chakerian, AM, lectures in socialwork at the Hartford Seminary Foundation.Morris Hoffman, SM, instructor ofmathematics at East High School inDenver, Colorado, has two sons,Irwin, born February 5, 1932, andNathan J., November 20, 1933.Ronald F. Lee, AM, supervises historic sites under the National ParkService, Washington, D. C.Scudder Mekeel, AM, is director of1929In addition to retaining the positionof assistant professor of social scienceat Connecticut College, Charles G.Chakerian, AM, lectures in socialwork at the Hartford Seminary Foundation.Morris Hoffman, SM, instructor ofmathematics at East High School inDenver, Colorado, has two sons,Irwin, born February 5, 1932, andNathan J., November 20, 1933.Ronald F. Lee, AM, supervises historic sites under the National ParkService, Washington, D. C.Scudder Mekeel, AM, is director ofTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 27jJoward D. Hanson, JD, has beenmployed as a lawyer by the Bank ofAmerica N. T. & S. A., of Los Angles, Calif., for the past five years.&W. James Lyons is an instructor ofphysics and mathematics at Loyola University, New Orleans, La.John L. Munday has a job withSears, Roebuck & Co., Chicago.Saul K. Padover, AM, PhD'32. isassistant to the Secretary of the Interior, Harold L. Ickes. Appleton-Century will shortly publish his Life andDeath of Louis XVI and Payot of Parisa French translation of his SecretDiplomacy, published in 1936.Chaplain Joseph Calvin Sides wasappointed to a first lieutenantcy on October 1, and assigned to the FortBrown, Texas, station.Fishing is C C. Sims' (PhD) favorite sport while his hobby is his flowergarden. Sims is on the TennesseeState Teachers College faculty at Mur-freesboro.1931William B. Basile, JD'33, is ajunior partner in the law firm of Johnson, Swanstrom and Wiles, Chicago.Playing daddy to Bette Claire, aged 8months, plus reading ancient and European history as well as classical literature affords him ample diversion.Myron L. Carlson has resumed hisformer association with the law firm ofWright, Gordon, Zachry and Parlin at63 Wall Street, New York City.The Iowa Baptist Convention at itsrecent meeting re-elected Richard V.Clearwaters, AM, president. Mr.Clearwaters' home is at 442 5th Avenue, S.W., Cedar Rapids, Iowa.Geneva Drinkwater, PhD, is assistant professor at Vassar.Helen A. Dyer continues her workas secretary to the American Consul,Pan American Union, Washington,D.C.After a year's furlough in America,Bruno H. Luebeck, AM, and Mrs.Luebeck are back at Ungkung, China,devoting a considerable amount of theirtime to refugee work. During his furlough Mr. Luebeck completed a translation and study of thirty-nine essaysof Han Yu, champion of Confucianism.Mary E. Marks, SM, teaches geography at Western Kentucky StateTeachers College.Clifford P. Osborne, PhD, is associate professor of philosophy at theUniversity of Kansas.Raymond Willis Porter, PhD, ofHuron College, South Dakota, has therank of professonRaymond O. Rockwood, AM, PhD'35, assistant professor at Colgate, wasrecently married to Gladys A. Hyland-er, who holds the degree of master ofmusic from Yale.Joan Weil Saltzstein manages arental library chain and bookstore inMilwaukee, Wis.M. R. Stephan, AM, is principal ofthe High School in Elgin, 111.Tsu Kiang Yen, SM, PhD'32,heads the department of botany at the University of Yunnan, Yunnanfu,China.1932Oliver C. Cox, AM, PhD'38, is professor of sociology and economics atWiley College.Julia Mae Hamilton, AM, is assistant state director of employment forthe WPA in Illinois.E. Roscoe Jones announces the removal of his law offices to Suite 1330,7 South Dearborn Street, Chicago,specializing in taxation, corporate andcivil practice and continuing the officesof Jones & Murray at Vandalia, 111.Fritz Leiber and wife (JonquilStevens) have returned from California where Fritz appeared in Camillewith Garbo. He is now working for aChicago publishing house. They haveone son seven months old named Justine.1932Anna C. Lubke, first grade teacherin the Training School of WesternState Teachers College at Kalamazoo,Mich., enjoys raising plants as well asstudying and identifying plants and insects. She accepted a scholarship opento a member of their faculty for 1935-36 at George Peabody College and tookher Master's degree in elementary education in June, 1936. She has alsodone rural school demonstration teaching during the summers of 1937 and1938 under the sponsorship of the Kellogg Foundation.John H. Tiernan is an agent forthe Connecticut Mutual Insurance Company of Chicago.1933Ralph J. Boris is in the wholesalepoultry business in Chicago.Dorothy Dodd, PhD; is public records editor of the Florida HistoricalRecords Survey. She lives in Jacksonville.T. Carter Harrison has been withthe Educational Department of Double-day, Dor an & Co., New York City,since the first of February. Formerlyhe was associate professor of Englishat DePauw University. His daughterAnne Shelton, was a year old in January.Benton Harbor's First BaptistChurch, of which John G. Koehler ispastor, celebrated its seventy-fifth anniversary this year. Mr. Koehler hasbeen quite active in the Michigan Baptist Convention, serving as chairman ofcamping for this organization. In the1939 season he will serve as superintendent of Camp Warren.Orus F. Krumboltz, PhD, recentlyaccepted a position at State TeachersCollege, Platteville, Wisconsin.Herbert J. Max is a junior chemistwith the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Urbana, 111.Irene M. Moeller has been Mrs.Allen since November 23, 1938. Sheteaches in the Parkland Junior High ofLouisville, Ky.Rosamond Morse married ArthurW. Colley in 1937 and now lives at 36Pemboke Road, Kensington, LondonW 8, England. BOOKSMEDICAL BOOKSof All PublishersThe Largest and Most Complete Stock andall New Books Received as soon as published. Come in and browse.SPEAKMAN'S(Chicago Medical Book Co.)Congress and Honore StreetsOne Block from Rush Medical CollegeCATERERJOSEPH H. BIGGSFine Catering in all its branches50 East Huron StreetTel. Sup. 0900—0901Retail Deliveries Daily and SundaysQuality and Service Since 1882 ¦CEMENT CONTRACTORST. A. REHNQUIST CO.CEMENT SIDEWALKSCONCRETE FLOORSTelephoneBEVERLY 0890FOR AN ESTIMATE ANYWHERECHEMICAL ENGINEERSAlbert K. Epstein, '12B. R. Harris, "2 1Epstein, Reynolds and HarrisConsulting Chemists and Engineers5 S. Wabash Ave. ChicagoTel. Cent. 4285-6COALEASTMAN COAL CO.Established 1 9027 YARDSALL OVER TOWNMAIN office252 West 69th StreetTelephone Wentworth 32 1 5Wasson-PocahontasCoal Co.6876 South Chicago Ave.Phones: Wentworth 8620-I-2-3-4Wesson's Coal Makes Good — or—Wasson DoesELECTRICAL CONTRACTORSWM. FECHT ELECTRIC CO.CONTRACTORS - ENGINEERSLIGHT & POWER WIRING600W. Jackson Blvd. TelephoneSeeley 278828 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEMEADE ELECTRICCOMPANY, INC.ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORSWIRING FOR LIGHT & POWER3252Franklin Blvd. TelephoneKedzie 5070ENGRAVERSFLOWERSj*^^— - mi fl* ^ CHICAGOcW^ Established 186SG/j^ FLOWERSPhones : Plaza 6444, 64451364 East 53 rd StreetGROCERIESLEIGH'SGROCERY and MARKETJ 327 East 57th StreetPhones: Hyde Park 9 1 00- 1 -2QUALITY FOODSTUFFSMODERATE PRICESWE DELIVERLAUNDRIESSUNSHINE LAUNDRYCOMPANYAll ServicesDry Cleaning29 1 5 Cottage Grove Ave.Telephone Victory 5110THEBEST LAUNDRY andCLEANING COMPANYALL LAUNDRY SERVICESAlsoZoric System of Cleaning- : - Odorless Quality Cleaning - : -Phone Oakland 1383 Franklin C. Potter, PhD, is a member of the department of geology atOhio University, Athens, Ohio.E. F. Resek teaches chemistry atSullivan High, Chicago.We were recently informed of theappointment of Edward Rietz, SM'35,PhD'38, to a teaching position at Howard College, Birmingham, Alabama.William A. Russ, PhD, of Susquehanna University, had an article on"Was There Danger of a Second CivilWar during Reconstruction?" in theJune issue of Mississippi Valley Historical Review. He reports an automobile trip of 12,400 miles in the Westlast summer.Clarence E. Schneider is a memberof the teaching staff of Chariton JuniorCollege, Chariton, Iowa.Benjamin T. Schwab began hispastorate at the First CongregationalChurch of Anamosa, Iowa, in April.Earl K. Senff, AM, is teaching atMorehead (Ky.) State Teachers College. He married Marianna Thomas in1936.Margaret A. Simonson is now engaged in an intermittent study of Russian and Spanish languages. She istechnical research librarian at theStandard Oil Development Company.David C. Spaulding, PhD'38, isnow employed by the Rayon Department of E. I. du Pont de Nemours andCompany in Buffalo, New York.A new address for Mrs. Jeannette L.Sragow is 3613 Second Street South,Arlington, Virginia. She is a clericalexaminer for the Civil Service Commission, Washington, D. C.Veda Stern is a high school teacherin Chicago.Alice K. Wakefield teaches atStrayers Business College, Washington, D. C.1934Idell I. Arps is secretary to Boy'sProgram Director, Y.M.C.A. Chicago.F. Strother Cary, Jr., is an accountexecutive with Leo Burnett Co., advertising, Chicago. He married BarbaraFortune on November 26, 1936.Jessie May Fraley is a social worker in Normal, 111., in the Division ofChild Welfare.Arthur F. Goeing lives in OakPark and works in Chicago. Statisticsare his line.H. H. Harman, SM'36, is making asynthetic study of various methods offactorial analysis of mental ability withProfessor Karl J. Holzinger, PhD'22,of the University's Department of Education.Don W. Holter, PhD, was a member of the Philippine delegation whoattended the International MissionaryConvention, held at Madras, India, December 12-30.Since last September Donald S.Klaiss DB, PhD, has been at the University of North Carolina as a memberof the department of sociology.Richard A. Lange is professor atRiver Forest College. LETTER SERVICEPOND LETTER SERVICEEverything in LettersHooven Typewriting MimeoiraphingMultigraphing AddressiniAddressograph Service MailingHighest Quality Service Minimum PricesAll Phones 418 So. Market St.Harrison 8118 ChicagoLITHOGRAPHERL. C. Mead '21. E. J. Chalifoux '22PHOTOPRESS, INC.Planograph — Offset — Printing73 1 Plymouth CourtWabash 8182MUSIC PRINTERSHIGHEST RATED IN UNITED STATESENGRAVERSSINCE 1906+ WORK DONE BY ALL PROCESSES 4+ ESTIMATES GLADLY FURNISHED ++ ANY PUBLISHER OUR REFERENCE +JRAYNERr» DALHEIM &CO>2 OS* W. LAKE ST., CHICAGO.OFFICE FURNITURESTEELCASEJBrzsin&ss Equipment \FILING CABINETSDESKS — LOCKERSCUPBOARDS — SHELVINGMetal Office Furniture Co.Grand Rapids, MichiganPAINTERSGEORGE ERHARDTand SONS, Inc.Painting— Decorating— Wood Finishing3123 PhoneLake Street Kedzie 3186E. STEWART FEIGHINC.PAINTING — DECORATING5559 TelephoneCottage Grove Ave. Midway 4404THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 29John F. Locke, PhD, is associateprofessor of botany at Mississippi StateCollege.Donald P. MacMillan, PhD'38, isan instructor in analytical chemistry atCornell University.Milton Mandell is down in Knoxville, Tenn., as research assistant forTVA.Attorney in the Chief Council's Officeof the Bureau of Internal Revenue isGeorge E. McMurray's title.Ernest D. Nielsen, formerly pastorof Central Lutheran Church, Muskegon,Michigan, is now in Des Moines, Iowa,where he has accepted a position asprofessor of theology at Grand ViewCollege and Theological Seminary.John Norris writes with enthusiasmof his work as a teacher of the NewTestament in the Methodist Seminaryat Seoul, Korea. In addition to teaching, he serves as pastor of a Koreanchurch, and as superintendent of theconstruction of a social center plant forthe mission.Chaplain R. W. Rogers, AM, hasbeen transferred to Scott Field, Illinois.Harry G. Thode, PhD, has a newjob with the U. S. Rubber Company,Passaic, New Jersey.Rosemary Volk is editing radioscript for Woman's Home Companionin New York City.Robert A. and Louise CraverWalker have moved to 4581 ConduitRoad, Washington, D. C.1935Herbert Bishop, SM, is an instructor at Manhattan (Kansas) SeniorHigh. He married Ona Mae Diehl onMay 27, 1936.Arthur C. Burt, MD, is a surgeonat the Detroit Receiving Hospital.Edwin J. Coote is a salesman for theLiberty Mutual Insurance Co. of Newark, N. J.John Davey, AM, has returned aftera year's leave for advanced study atthe University of Chicago.James E. Day took his LLB at Harvard Law School in 1938 and is nowassociated with the firm of Sidley, McPherson, Austin and Burgess, 11 SouthLaSalle Street, Chicago.Lewis A. Dexter (AM Harvard '38)has had articles published in PublicOpinion Quarterly and Christian Register and has one in a forthcoming number of Social Studies.For the past year W. B. Djang hasbeen traveling through the war zonesof China doing relief work.Kathryn Henthorne, relief investigator, continues doing social work inHammond, Indiana.Leon Herman, AM, is a clerk in theTreasury Department, Washington.Francis B. Hunter, MD'36, is resident surgeon at the Free Hospital forWomen in Brookline, Mass.Howard K. Hyde, AM, is a researchassistant and graduate student at theUniversity. Mrs. Hyde is at presentsecretary to the director of admissionsat the University.Bruce L. Jenkinson of Washing ton, D. C, is a statistical analyst ingovernment service.Leslie Lieber is now working onPaul Whiteman publicity staff in NewYork City.Hilmar Luckhardt, AM'36, is supervisor of music in the grade and highschools of Aurora, 111., this year whilethe regular supervisor is on leave ofabsence. From Aurora he goes to theUniversity of Wisconsin for the summer school where he will be a visitinglecturer in the music department.Dugald S. McDougall, JD'37, andhis wife nee Carol A. Brueggemanlive at 1126 East 54th Street, Chicago.Dugald is a lawyer with Brown, Fox &Blumberg.Robert D. Meade, PhD, is associateprofessor at Randolph-Macon Woman'sCollege. The South Atlantic Quarterlypublished an article by him in July —"Population Trends and the Future ofEuropean Democracy." He has readpapers or spoken at various meetingsin Virginia and was on the program ofthe American Historical Association inDecember.Margaret (Peggy) Moore is nowassistant to the cashier of NBC in NewYork.George Peck, MBA'37, is personneldirector at Michael Reese Hospital,Chicago.Dorothy Gaede Penn's (AM) husband is pastor of the CongregationalChurch in North Miami, Florida. Theiryoung son Alfred Wayne was two yearsold February 9.George T. Plowman, Jr., is a salesman for the Utility Supply Co., Chicago.Kenneth C. Rule who took his doctor's degree in chemistry at ColumbiaUniversity in 1938, is American-Scandinavian Foundation Fellow to Denmark for the year 1938-39.Samuel J. Snyder worked for thePatent Office in Washington for tenyears but is now a radio engineer forAir Commerce of America.Jerome Walter Stowell is a member of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.Joseph Svrchek is employed by theDearborn Chemical Company, Chicago.Margaret M. Van der Schaegh isdoing secretarial work at American Airlines, Inc., Chicago.E. Virginia VanDyne, SM, is doingresearch psychology at Merrill-PalmerSchool, Detroit.Albert Wehling, JD, is an instructor in the School of Law at ValparaisoUniversity.Alvin Weinberg, who was awardedhis doctor's degree in physics at theMarch Convocation, has a substituteappointment at Wright Junior Collegein Chicago.1936Carl A. Benz teaches physics inHammond (Ind.) High School.Georgie M. Burt, MD, is a pedi-atrist in Detroit.Edward E. Chipman accepted thepastorate of the Lefferts Park BaptistChurch, Brooklyn, New York, this lastyear. FENCESRICHARD H. WEST CO.COMMERCIALPAINTING & DECORATING1331 TelephoneW. Jackson Blvd. Monroe 3192 PHOTOGRAPHERMOFFETT STUDIOCAMERA PORTRAITS OF QUALITY30 So. Michigan Blvd., Chicago . . State 8750OFFICIAL PHOTOGRAPHERU. of C. ALUMNI PLASTERINGHOWARD F. NOLANPLASTERING, BRICKandCEMENT WORKREPAIRING A SPECIALTY5341 S. Lake Park Ave.Telephone Dorchester 1579PRINTERSCLARKE-McELROYPUBLISHING CO.6140 Cottage Grove AvenueMidway 3935"Good Printing of All Descriptions9* REAL ESTATEBROKERAGE MORTGAGESTHEBILLS CORPORATIONBenjamin F. Bills, '12, ChairmanEVERYTHING IN REAL ESTATE134 S. La Salle St. State 0266MANAGEMENT INSURANCERESTAURANTSThe Best Place to Eat on the South SideCOLONIAL RESTAURANT6324 Woodlawn Ave.Phone Hyde Park 6324RIDING CLUBPhone Dorchester 0941UNIVERSITY RIDING CLUBHORSES BOARDED AND FOR SALEWE GUARANTEE PEOPLE TO BESATISFIED WITH OUR INSTRUCTIONSOR NO CHARGEW. S. Parker, Mgr.6105 University Ave.30 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE ROOFERSBECKERAll types of RoofingHome InsulatingAll over Chicago and suburbs.Brunswick 2900RE-ROOFING — REPAIRINGRUGSAshjian Bros., inc.ESTABLISHED 1921Oriental and DomesticRUGSCLEANED and REPAIRED2313 E. 71st St. Pkone Dor. 0009SHEET METAL WORKSECONOMY SHEET METAL WORKS•Galvanized Iron and Copper CornicesSkylights, Gutters, Down SpoutsTile, Slate and Asbestos Roofing•1927 MELROSE STREETBuckingham 1893STOCKS— BONDS— COMMODITIESP. H. Davis, *l I. H. I. Markham, 'Ex. '06R. W. Davis, '16 W. M. Giblin, '23F. B. Evans, 'IIPaul H. Davis & Co.Member*New York Stock ExchangeChicago Stock ExchangeChicago Board of Trade10 So. La Salle St. Franklin 8622SWEATERSGENUINE ATHLETIC SWEATERSSweaters and Emblems Made to OrderENGLEWOOD KNITTING MILLS6643 S. Halsted Street Wentworth 5920-21Established over one quarter of a centuryTEACHERS' AGENCIESAMERICAN COLLEGE BUREAU28 E. Jackson BoulevardChicagoA Bureau of Placement which limits itswork to the university and college field.It is affiliated with the Fisk TeachersAgency of Chicago, whose work covers allthe educational fields. Both organizationsassist in the appointment of administratorsas well as of teachers. Emily Eckhouse married WilliamJ. Waldman on February 3, 1938, andlives at 4833^ Woodlawn Avenue,Chicago. She works for William R.Harshe ('30) Inc., publicity.Margareta Faissler, PhD, is a temporary instructor at Wellesley this semester.Rose Conner Strutz, dietitian, isliving at 780 East 21st Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.1937Bob Bethke recently had a grandopportunity open for him when he wasselected to be thoroughly schooled inthe work of the Discount Corporationof New York. This is one of the leading government bond and bankers' acceptance trading houses in the country.Cameron E. Cameron is down inMiami, Florida, working as medicaltechnician.Arthur L. Funk, AM, continues hisgraduate studies at the University.For relaxation after a day's teachingin the Chicago Heights ElementarySchool, Alice C. A. Herman likes toplay the clarinet or make pottery. Lastyear she was alternate to delegate tothe assembly of the Lake Shore Division of Illinois Teachers' Association.Norman B. McCullough, PhD, isa research bacteriologist for Parke,Davis & Co., in Detroit.To continue her work in a cancer research laboratory established in 1937,Elizabeth Shull Russell, PhD, wasrecently awarded the A.A.U.W. MaryPemberton Nourse Memorial Fellowship of $1250. Her husband, WilliamL. Russell, PhD, is engaged with herin research at the Jackson MemorialLaboratory at Bar Harbor, Maine. Formany years scientists have been tryingto find out how much heredity has todo with the reappearance of cancer insuccessive generations. She will studythis problem, carrying out her experiments on the fruit fly, which is particularly valuable for the study of tumorgenetics, since it reproduces rapidly andits inherited characteristics are simpleand more easily identified than those ofmost animals. Dr. Russell has developed a difficult and skillful techniqueinvolving the transplantation of tumorsfrom one fly to another, and their subsequent observation and study underthe microscope.Calder Sherwood III, SM, recentlyaccepted a position in the Norfolk Division of the College of William andMary, Norfolk, Virginia.John M. Whitelaw's title is districtsupervisor of the State Relief Commission of Portland, Oregon.Sam Whiteside is in the sales department of the American SeatingCompany of Grand Rapids, Mich. Mrs. Aleta S. Williams is teaching school in Chicago.1938Robert I. Blakey is assistant psy~chologist with the Chicago Board ofEducation.Charles F. Burns is studying at theUniversity of Texas.Inez C. Carpenter works at theCommerce Clearing House. Ping-pongand swimming are her favorite recreations.James I. Copeland can be addressedat Furman University, Greenville, S.C, where he is a librarian.Avron Douglis is studying economics at Harvard on a fellowship.Mr. and Mrs. Richard G. Flood,AM, expect to move to Toronto in Maywhere they will make their permanenthome.William W. Cooper is with T.V.A.as junior research assistant.Charles J. Engaard, PhD, is now atthe University of Hawaii.Harold J. Funkhouser, SM, is withthe Gulf Oil Co., Apartado 35, Ciudad,Bolivar, Venezuela.Tom Glassford is in the traffic department of the United Air Lines atthe Cheyenne Division.Samuel J. Gorlitz is working forthe United States Forest Service as aclaims investigator.Ellis B. Kohs' (AM) arrangementof Bach's chorale prelude Wir GlaubenAlii An Einen Gott, which was performed by the University Orchestra andthe Illinois Symphony Orchestra lastyear, was played by the New YorkCivic Orchestra in New York City onMarch 12.Henry C. Miller, SM, is instructingmathematics and chemistry at Iberia(Mo.) Junior College.Howard N. Niederman, SM, is research assistant in the SedimentsLaboratory of the Scripps Institution ofOceanography, Lajolla, Calif., and livesat 1961 Titus Street, San Diego.Al F. O'Donnell, PhD, is a chiefeconomist for the American EconomicAssociation and assistant director of research and statistics with AmericanStatistical Association, of Washington,D. C. Al is holding down the vice-presidency of both the Harvard Cluband University of Chicago Club ofWashington this year.Research in child development at theFels Research Institute at Antioch College is Cecil H. Peterson's presentoccupation.Edward L. Rietz, PhD, recently accepted a position teaching in HowardCollege, Birmingham, Ala.Charles B. Rovin, AM, is doingsocial work in Washington, D. C.Paul W. Schwiebert, JD, asks thathis address be changed to Country LifeInsurance Co., 608 S. Dearborn, Chicago.R. J. Stevens is one of the four members of the editorial board of The Chicago Reporter, a bi-weekly four-pagesheet which made its first appearance inJanuary.Sherman E. Johnson, PhD, is professor of New Testament Language andLiterature at Nashotah House (theological seminary) in Nashotah, Wis.Magdalen Bein Lowe (Mrs. JohnW.) has a job as food accountant atthe Lawson Y. M. C. A.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MCharles E. Strange, AM, principalat the Waco Grade School of Wichita,Kansas, has been advanced to the ranks0i the intermediate school principals.Although assignments have not beenmade, it was reported probable that hewould be assigned to the new JohnMarshall intermediate school which willbe ready for occupancy in September.Strange has made an enviable recordas an educator during his thirteen yearsin the Wichita school system.Betty L. Strong is employed by theAmerican Unitarian Association, in thedivision of religious education, in Boston.Stanley W. Tenny is director ofboys' work at the Youth Service Bureauof Rochester, New York.Franklin A. Thurman, SM, is engaged in commercial geological workin Kentucky.Henry M. Walton, PhD, recentlytook a job with Continental CarbonCompany, New York City.Marvin Weldon is with ParamountPictures, Inc., Hollywood, Calif.Martin Zimring is a statistician forhis brother's labor-law firm accordingto reports.1939Walter E. Ward, PhD, is instructorin the Department of Bacteriology,School of Medicine, University ofSouthern California, Los Angeles.RUSH1891Robert M. Lapsley has been practicing ophthalmology and otolaryngology in Keokuk, Iowa, since 1894.He varies his routine with golf andauto trips.1894Dr. and Mrs. Frank E. Wiedemann of Terre Haute, Indiana, havereturned from New Orleans, Louisiana,where Doctor Wiedemann has been doing graduate work in Tulane Universityfor the last few months.1897Ollie W. Rice's daughter finishesher A.B. degree at the University ofOklahoma in June and hopes to enterChicago to continue on her master's.Dr. Rice continues practicing in Mc-Alester, Okla., and writes that, althoughhe has some worn parts, he is still going fairly strong.1904An article appeared in the CameraNews Review of the Chicago SundayTribune March twelfth on Dr. MaxThorek and his "creative camera art"with six lovely photographs. Dr. Thorek founded the Photographic Societyof America and has had 1555 printsPicked in competition with the bestcamera experts of every country fromMexico to Japan.1907Robert E. Graves, '98, has been incontinuous general practice in Chicago°ft the north side ever since graduation.The statement in the March Magazinethat he was located in Montrose, Colo.,Was entirely erroneous. 1911Benoni Austin Place, MD, practices medicine and surgery in GreatFalls, Montana.1912W. H. Olds, '10, is practicing general surgery in Los Angeles. He is amember of the Medical ExecutiveBoard at the California Lutheran Hospital and also of the Senior SurgicalService at the Los Angeles CountyGeneral Hospital. He is also professorof clinical surgery at the College ofMedical Evangelists. He goes in forgolf and bridge.1917Louis Bothman, '15, Chicago eyespecialist, has moved his offices to Suite1246—310 South Machigan Building.1918Florence Olive Austin, '17, a physician and surgeon in San Diego, wasordained a Christian minister in Berkeley on June 16, 1933. Other Rushalumni whom she often meets areMartha Welpton, MD'10, and JamesF. Churchill, MD'06, both of SanDiego.1924O. R. Yoder was recently appointedsuperintendent of the State Hospital atYpsilanti, Mich.1926J. Robert Doty, '23, of Gary, Ind., isserving his second term as coroner ofLake County.1927From 1911 R Street N.W., Washington, D. C, comes word of L. KeithMacClatchie, '24, dermatologist andsvphilologist.1929Robert C. Levy, '26, and Mrs. Levy(Rosalie Allman, '25) have a daughter, Jane, who will be a year old April27. In addition to his private practice,Dr. Levy is an adjunct in medicine atMichael Reese, an associate in medicineat Cook County, and clinical assistantin medicine at Northwestern University.1935W. L. Curtis writes from Hoquiam,Washington, where he is practicingmedicine. A daughter, Barbara Ann,joined the Curtis family in 1938.1936Since September, 1938, Charles P.Catalano has been engaged in a general practice at 417 West 43rd Street,New York City.Sanford Goodfriend has opened anoffice at 50 Park Avenue, New YorkCity, for the practice of medicine.SOCIAL SERVICEWayne McMillen, PhD'31, recently attended the meeting of the program committee of the National Conference of Social Work. Mr. McMillenis chairman of the committee on theorganization of social forces for theBuffalo Conference.Ruth Emerson has recently been inNew York attending a meeting of the AGAZINE 31CLARK-BREWERTeachers Agency57th YearNationwide ServiceFive Offices — One FeeCHICAGO. MINNEAPOLISKANSAS CITY, MO. SPOKANENEW YORKHUGHES TEACHERS AGENCY25 E. JACKSON BLVD.Telephone Harrison 7793Chicago, III.Member National Associationof Teachers AgenciesWe Enjoy a Very Fine High School, Normal School,College and University PatronageUNDERTAKERSBOYDSTON BROS., INC.UNDERTAKERSSince 18924227-29-31 Cottage Grove Ave.All Phones OAKIand 0492UNIFORMSTailored Uniforms Made to MeasureWomen Doctors and Nurses, Stock sizeInterne SuitsANEDA McSWEENY1910 So. Ogden AvenueSEEley 3734 Evenings by AppointmentVENTILATINGThe Haines CompanyVentilating and Air ConditioningContractors1929-1937 West Lake St.Phones Seeley 2765-2766-2767TEACHERS' AGENCIES (Cont.)Albert Teachers' Agency25 E. Jackson Blvd., ChicagoEstablished 1885. Placement Bureau formen and women in all kinds of teachingpositions. Large and alert College andState Teachers* College departmental forDoctors and Masters; forty per cent of ourbusiness. Critic and Grade Supervisors forNormal Schools placed every year in largenumbers; excellent opportunities. Specialteachers of Home Economics, Business Administration, Music, and Art, secure finepositions through us every year. PrivateSchools in all parts of the country amongour best patrons; good salaries. Well prepared High School teachers wanted for cityand suburban High Schools. Special manager handles Grade and Critic work. Sendfor folder today.32 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEJoint Committee of the AmericanPublic Welfare Association and theAmerican Association of Medical SocialWorkers. This committee is taking 2.census of the medical social workers inthe United States.R. Clyde White, professor of SocialService Administration, spoke onMarch third, at the Institute of SocialWelfare held at the University ofOklahoma.Martha Hamaker who has supervised students at the School in one ofthe Child Welfare Units, has left Chicago to take a supervising position inthe Juvenile Court of the District ofColumbia.Iva Evelyn Smith, AM'32, hasbeen appointed the acting executivedirector of the Wisconsin Children'sHome and Aid Society.Joseph Baldwin, AM'37, has beenmade case work supervisor in the department of Public Welfare in Gary,Indiana.Helen Black Montgomery, AM'38, has accepted the position of socialservice supervisor of Tulare County,with the California State Relief Administration. Gene Elbinger, AM'38, isalso in California with the Los AngelesCounty Department of Charities.Among the students who received theMaster's degree in Social Service Administration at the March, 1939, Convocation and who have taken positionsin medical social work are FriedaBrackebusch, medical social worker atVanderbilt University Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; Maria Ferro, SocialService Department, Duke UniversityHospital at Durham, North Carolina;and Lavinia M. Howell, medical social worker, Presbyterian Hospital,New York City.Those who have gone to child welfare positions are Louise McDonnell,supervisor, Juvenile Court, Washington, D. C. ; Bido Purvis, case consultant, Alabama State Department ofPublic Welfare; and Edith Stander,Children's Division, Indiana State Department of Public Welfare at Indianapolis.Frank Espe Brown has gone intogeneral public assistance as field representative for the State of NebraskaBoard of Control, Department of PublicAssistance and Child Welfare.Rosalyn Samuel has accepted a position as case worker with the Consultation Bureau of Detroit.Old students will hear with deep regret of the death of Elizabeth Morrison, PhD'38 on March tenth at Philadelphia. Miss Morrison resigned herposition at Syracuse University early inthe fall because of ill health. She hadtaught at Smith College in the summer,1938. Her study of The History ofPoor Laws of the State of Maine wasbeing prepared for publication by theUniversity of Chicago Press.ENGAGEDPaul J. Breslich, '24, MD'28, ofMinot, N. D., to Grace Changstrom of Chicago. Dr. Breslich is the son ofE. R. Breslich, AM'OO, PhD'26, of theUniversity of Chicago.Everett Claire Olson, '32, SM'33,PhD'35, to Lila Baker. The weddingwill take place in the late summer.Judith Cunningham, '39, to Robert C. Barr, '37.Frances Fairweather, '37, to Edward Benninghoven, a graduate ofNorthwestern University. She is thedaughter of George O. Fairweather,'07, JD'09.Margaret C. Argall, '41, toCharles Shafer Wilson Jr., ex '37.Robert H. Bethke, '37, to PatriciaDavis, '38, the daughter of Paul H.Davis, '11, and Mrs. Davis (DorothyMilford, AMT3).Betty Eckhouse, '38, to Jerry Rosenthal ( Michigan '33 ) .Helen D.. Smith, '38, to ArthurBernard Rabe, '38.Shirley Ann Sondel, '39, to Joseph D. Krueger, '38. She is thedaughter of Dr. and Mrs. Ho M. Son-del (Bess Seltzer) '31, PhD'38. Heis the son of Nathan L. Krueger, '07.Betty Mitchell, '39, to IvanNiven, PhD'38.Clarissa Woodruff Paltzer, '38, toJohn Mancill of Robertsdale, Alabama.She is the daughter of Charles W.Paltzer, '06, JD'09, of Riverside, 111.Betty Beard, '39, to Alan B. Johnstone.Helen Thomson, '39, to Gordon A.Ziviseler of Pittsburgh.Simon Rubin, -AM'39, to LeonaGreenstone.MARRIEDC. Oscar Almquist, '23, MD'26, toLacey Lutes, January 7, 1939 ; at home,Hotel Gary, Gary, Ind.Mabel Hessler, AM'27, PhD'34, toChester H. Cable on September 3, 1938;at home, 6415 Kimbark Avenue, Chicago.Julia Fay Norwood Hecker, '28, toCale Haun, December 26, 1938, atNashville, Tenn.Ruth M. Rothenburger, '29, toMalcolm S. Ferguson, PhD, of theRockefeller Institute of Medical Research, July 3, 1938. They are livingat 55 Palmer Square, Princeton, N. J.Wayne E. Rapp, '34, to Mary LouiseWilliams of Cleveland, Ohio, on March18, 1939. They are living in ShakerHeights, Ohio.Eleanor Jaicks, '36, to CharlesW. Greenleaf, '35, on April 12.Inez Sher, '37, to Alex Ladenson,AM'35, PhD'38, August 14, 1938. Address: 6633 South Troy Street, Chicago.Willard Chilton Van Etten, '38,to Virginia Belle Eagle, a graduate ofthe University of Kansas, on January18, Chicago.BORNTo Harold 1. Meyer, MD'23, andMrs. Meyer, a son, Paul Rogers, November 7 , Chicago.To Harold V. Lucas, AM'25, andMrs. Lucas, their second child, a boy, Gregson Coe, on January 28, 1939,Hilo, Hawaii.To Herbert R. Smith, '28, and Mrs.Smith (Cora Belle Hibbard, ex '27) ]their third son, James Hibbard, on December 23, 1938. Mr. Smith is manager of the Henry Clay Hotel, Ashland, Ky.To William B. Basile, '31, JD>33,and Mrs. Basile, a daughter, BetteClaire, July 20, 1938.To Robert F. Balsley, '33, and Mrs.Balsley of Aurora, 111., an eight poundten ounce boy, Robert Linn, on Mar. 25.DIEDEber L. Annis, MD'81, veteran physician and surgeon, of LaPorte, Ind.,on December 4, 1938, at the age of 7S\W. H. Arbogast, '97, of a heart attack on October 25, 1938, in Bloomington, 111. Founder of the First UnitedBrethren Church of Bloomington, hewas for a number of years conferencesuperintendent and later had held pastorates in Decatur, Lexington and Fair-view Center. He resigned because ofill health in 1937 and returned to livein Bloomington.Stephen B. Dexter, ThB'02, onJanuary 9th, after an illness of twoweeks, in Los Angeles, Calif.Edward Bowe, MD'97, on December16, at the age of 65, in Jacksonville,111., where he had practiced medicinefor many years.Robert G. Russell, MD'99, for morethan thirty-five years a physician inCalifornia, on September 2, 1938, inLos Angeles.Glenn P. Hall, ex '00, famoustenor in New York on February 20.After leaving Chicago he sang withthe Thomas (now Chicago) SymphonyOrchestra, the Berlin Philharmonic,and later joined the New York Metropolitan Grand Opera Company.Adolf C. Noe, '00, PhD'05, associateprofessor of paleobotany at the University of Chicago, on April 10.Elizabeth H. Lingle, '00, memberof an early Chicago family and a volunteer Y.M.C.A. worker overseas duringthe World War, March 16, in Evanston.Burton P. Gale, '06, of Evanston,on March 1, after a brief illness, at theage of 53. For many years he had beenassociated with Babcock Rushton & Co.,stock brokers. He was president of hissenior class and played center on thefootball team in '04-'05.William Ogden Coleman, '14, president of the American Flyer Company,makers of electric toys, March 13, inGuatemala City, Guatemala, of a heartattack while on a vacation cruise.Susan Josephine Pettis, '15, November 11, at her home in Cleveland,Ohio.Alvis L. Rhoton, GS'15, November30, 1938. Formerly professor of education at Penn State College.May S. Hawkins, AM'34, last October in Carbondale, 111. 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