THE UNIVERSITYOFCHICAGO MAGAZINEAN ADVERTISEMENT OF THE WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING COMPANY • PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIADoing things electrically turns toilers into operators""VXTyHEN I was firing on thisdivision, we sure had toshovel between here and Middle-town. It took muscle then to runan engine. Look at those fellows —just enjoying the breeze. If youwant to be an engineer, you're alucky boy to be growing up now."On railroads, as in all industry,electricity is taking heavy loadsfrom tired backs. More traffic is handled more easily. Electric travelis faster, cleaner and quieter. Thenew electrified lines and Diesel-electrics are bringing back the oldthrill of going places.In production jobs of everykind, modern motor-driven machinery lets workers use their headsinstead of their backs and arms.Electricity does the heavy haulingand lifting. With its tireless help, men produce more and earn morein fewer hours.Westinghouse has spent its entirefifty-two years in helping to electrify America. Nearly every job inAmerica's industries and homes hasbecome easier as a result. Electricity, through many Westinghouseapplications, has multiplied man'spower to produce wealth — and toenjoy it.Westinghouse&&>THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINEPUBLISHED BY THE ALUMNI COUNCILCharlton T. Beck, '04 Howard P. Hudson, '35Editor and Business Manager Associate EditorFred B. Millett, PhD '31 ; William V. Morgenstern, '20, JD '22Contributing EditorsDan H. Brown, '16 ; R uth Stagg Lauren, '25Council Committee on PublicationsN THIS ISSUETHE Cover : James Weber Linn,Professor of English, and T. V.Smith, Professor of Philosophy, werewinners on the Democratic ticket inthe Illinois primary elections lastmonth. As a result, Linn will runfor a seat in the Illinois Legislatureand Smith will seek a vote in theNational Congress in the Novemberelections. During the last six yearsthe number of "professors-in-poli-tics" and "professors-in-government"has been increasing. Chicago menand women have been particularlyactive.In this issue Reuben Frodin, '33,takes note of the primary victoriesof Professors Linn and Smith andthen inquires into the roles of faculty men off the quadrangles. Theauthor of Briefcase and Toothbrushhas recently joined the University'sdepartment of Press Relations afterfive years with the Associated Pressand Time Magazine.The Alumni Assembly, with President Hutchins and Chancellor Carmichael furnishing the intellectualstimulus, was highly successful, weare sure the many alumni who overflowed Mandel Hall will testify. Forthe benefit of both absent and present Magazine readers, this issue contains the complete text of thespeeches of these eminent educators. If you open the Magazine in thecenter you will see at once that 1938reunion time is here. The AlumniSchool, class dinners, and the University Sing are upon us. We haveprinted the complete program (subject to change) to inform you aboutthe many activities of the week.Save the days (and nights) betweenMay 31 and June 4.It is our sad task to inform youof the death of Paul MacLean, writerof our Athletics column, and member of the University's department ofPress Relations. Mr. MacLean wasmurdered May 2 by unknown assailants, apparently the victim of a hold- ~"~ up. He had been at the Universityfor over a year, following severalTABLE OF CONTENTS , ', . s,.years of newspaper work in his na-MAY, 1938 tjve state, Montana. His brother,Pap;£ .„ „ D , Norman, is an instructor in the de-Briefcase and Toothbrush, Reuben 'Frodin 3 partment of English.What Is An Education? Two Viewsof the Question, Robert MaynardHutchins and Oliver Cromwell Car- •michael 6It's Worth Your Best! William J. Refreshing and valuable are theeacoc stories and legends of the regime ofThe Chapel Union, William H. Speck- ,lr.„. _ , TT . TT .man and Herbert (Bud) Larson.. 18 William Rainey Harper at the Um-1938 Reunion Program 20 versity. The third prize winning ar-Athletics, Paul MacLean 23 tide in the recent Manuscript Con-In My Opinion, Fred B. Millett 24 test> jt>s tf/ortrl Your Best, is a splen-Nfws of the Quadrangles, William dM contribution to the memorabiliaV. Morgenstern 26 "News of the Classes 28 of those early days.Published hv the Alumni Council oi the University of Chicago monthly, from November to July. Office of Publication, 403 Cobb Hall. 58th St. atEllis Avenue Chicago Annual subscription price J2.00. Single copies 25 cents. Entered as second class matter December 1, 1934 at the Post Officeat Chicago. Illinois, under the act of March 3. 1879. The Graduate Group. Inc., 30 Rockefeller Plaza. New York City, is the official advertising agencyof the University of Chicago Magazine.Milton Everett Robinson, Jr. '11, JD '131891—1938Just two years ago in the May issue of the Magazine,the above picture of Milton E. Robinson, Jr., appearedon the frontispiece. It was used with his announcement,as Chairman of the June Reunion, of the first AlumniSchool.Last month, as he was preparing to serve as unofficialdean for the School for the third time, "Milt" Robinsondropped dead. For his many friends among the alumniwe print the following excerpts from Dean Charles W.Gilkey's memorial address delivered in the RockefellerMemorial Chapel, one of the few times in the history ofthe University that the Chapel has been used for suchservices.<, . . . The University of Chicago welcomes his familyand friends at this Chapel today in his honor, becausefor more than twenty-five years he has been one of themost active and useful of its alumni. After his graduation from the College in 1911, and from the Law Schoolin 1913, he continued to take an active part in the affairs of the vigorous Class of 1911, in the Blackfriars,of which he was an alumni director, and in his own fraternity, Sigma Chi. In 1929 he was elected to the AlumniCouncil, and has been ever since one of its most activeand useful members. For the past five years, he hasserved as chairman of its committee on publicity. In1936 he was general chairman of the June Reunion, andin that important capacity, helped to plan and producethe first Alumni School. Its great success, for whichhe was largely responsible, led to his election as its Deanfor both 1937 and 1938. He would have been one ofthe candidates nominated for the presidency of the College Alumni Association and for Chairman of the Alumni Council, at the June Reunion. This unusualrecord of service to his Alma Mater is one which fewof her graduates can equal and none surpass, in the generosity with which he has devoted his time and talentsto her service. . . .When we ask for the secrets that gave to such wide-ranging activities their influence and quickening power,we shall all think- at once of the quality which one whoknew him intimately described as his outstanding characteristic — his quick and generous response to the appeal of any cause or need which he could help — regardless of the cost to himself. Along with this, he had arare gift of humor, which was no small factor in hisunusual ability to deal not only with difficult situations,but with all kinds of people. . . .One of his friends and associates through many yearshas written a letter which gathers up with rare insightthe central quality and significance of his life :I am writing to give you my outstanding impressionof Everett Robinson after knowing him personally andintimately for thirty years. It has been my opportunityto observe him in many times of trial and extreme pressure. I have never known him to do one mean thing.He was utterly incapable of such an act. He consumedno time in open contemplation of Christian behavior, yethis life was dedicated to smoothing the paths of othersregardless of the cost to himself."But whoso looketh into the perfect law of liberty andcontinueth therein, he being not a forgetful hearer, buta doer of the work, this man shall be blessed in hisdeed."— (James 1-25).The passage which I have quoted is Everett Robinson.2VOLUME XXX THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINEMAY, 1938BRIEFCASE AND TOOTHBRUSH NUMBER 7TWO friends of mine recently wrote to members ofCongress. Mr. A, the chairman of a Chicago business concern, sent a few words to Senator Wheelerexpressing appreciation of his stand against the President's reorganization bill, which Mr. A had been ledto believe was a "dictator" bill. But the tune was different when Mr. A was reminded that the honorablesenator from Montana was the same scoundrel who wasthe author of the Public Utility Act of 1935 (which Mr.A thought made his utility stocks tumble), the pryinginquisitor who was finding out how some U. S. railroadswere being run, and finally, the 1924 vice-presidentialrunning mate of "Black Bob" LaFollette.Mr. B wrote to Representative Maury Maverick ofTexas, requesting information about pending legislation.The letter began: "Dear Congressman Maverick, I amwriting you because I've been told that the representative from my district, Congressman X, can't read. ..."When Congress meets in Washington at its nextregular session it seems probable that Maury Maverickwill have as a colleague from Illinois a Texan namedThomas Vernor Smith,1 self-styled ignorant man andphilosopher. Smith — "T. V." to hundreds of Universityof Chicago students who have taken his course in philosophy since 1927 as well as to members of the IllinoisState Senate where he has been sitting for the last fouryears — will not replace Mr. B's Congressman X, whocan't read. But unless the abracadabra of the Republican party in Illinois gets suddenly better before November, "T. V." will go to Congress as Representative-at-Large from Illinois. On April 12 Professor Smith —"Tom Smith of Texas" to the radio listeners across theU. S. who heard him campaigning for Roosevelt in 1936in a voice which sounded not unlike that of RaconteurAlexander Woollcott — won the Democratic nominationfor one of the two "at large"seats which Illinois is entitled to in the lower house. As a Horner-Courtneycandidate2 he received more than 500,000 votes, a re-iSMITH, THOMAS VERNOR, Prof, philosophy; b. Blanket, Tex., Apr.2C, 1890; s. John Robert and Mary Elizabeth (Graves) S.; A.B., U. ofTex., 1915, A.M., 1916; Ph.D., U. of Chicago, 1922; m. Nannie Stewartof Lamesa. Tex., June 6, 1917; children — Gayley Stanley, Nancy. Professor English lit., Tex. Christian U., 1916, Prof. Philosophy, 1917; Instr.in Philosophy, U. of Tex.„ 1919-21; Prof. Philosophy U. of Chicago since]927/; Editor Ethics: An Interaat. Journal of Social, Political, and LegalPhilosophy; member 111. State Senate, 1935-38. Served as private, U. S.Army, camp supply officer, Camp Bowie, Tex., 1918. Member Am. Philos.Assn., Am. Polit. Science Assn., Phi Beta Kappa, Delta Sigma Rho. Ind.Democrat. Mem. Christian (Disciples) Ch. Mason. Clubs: Quadrangle,City. Author: The Democratic Way of Life. 1925; The Philosophic Way .of Life, 1929; Philosophers in Hades, 1932'; Beyond Conscience, 1934;Philosophers Speak for Themselves, 1934; Creative Sceptics, 1934;The Promise of American Politics, 1936. Home:_ 5638 Dorchester Ave2 Governor Henry Horner and Cook County (Chicago) State's AttorneyThomas Courtney successfully ran a partial "slate against the regular(machine) ticket dictated by Mayor Edward J. Kelly of^ Chicago andDemocratic National Committeman Patrick A. Nash in the primary election. • By REUBEN FRODIN '33spectable total in view of the fact that (1) he had toovercome a 100,000 handicap in Chicago, and (2) he isa university professor.Another University of Chicago professor, Wayne McMillen (social service administration), ran for Smith'sseat in the Illinois State Senate without either Horner-Courtney or Kelly-Nash support and was defeated, butinto the ranks of the professors-in-politics came JamesWeber Linn,3 teacher of English on the Midway since1899 and like Smith an alumnus of the University. Linn—"Teddy" to the same hundreds of students who knowSmith as "T. V."— sought the Democratic nominationas State Representative in the Fifth Senatorial District."Teddy" ran for the lower house at Springfield becausehis good friend Henry Horner told him that more factional support could be mustered for his nomination andelection than if he ran for the State Senate.In fact, Linn and Smith were in some ways the starsof the Illinois primary. "Teddy" got on the right sideof Colonel Frank Knox's Chicago Daily News by charging that the Kelly-operated school administration wascorrupt and riddled by nepotism. (Besides that, a goodportion of the staff of the News have listened to "Teddy"tell why he preferred vigorous Browning to wishy-washy Tennyson in English poetry classes during thelast 40 years.) As a result, Linn was on the front pageof the Republican News where few Democratic candidates for the State legislature had been before. "Teddy"lived up to the publicity that he received, however, andconducted a vigorous campaign. The biggest laugh inLinn's primary activity was provided in some ambitiouscampaign literature. Someone was not content withProfessor Linn's qualifications as an educator, biographer, former newspaperman and interested citizen, so Candidate Linn was described as a "student ofpolitical economy" often consulted by Chicago businessmen !Professor Smith had more territory to cover in hiscampaign than did "Teddy." As a candidate for congressman-at-large, "T. V." campaigned in the entirestate and did a good job of it. For two weeks Smithtoured the State in an automobile in company with other3 LINN, JAMES WEBER, Univ. Prof.; b. Winnebago, 111., May 11,1876; j. John M. and Mary C. (Addams) L.; nephew of Jane Addams,A.B., U. of Chicago, 1897; Litt. D., Lake Forest Coll., 1931; m. MaryHowland, of Cambridge, Mass., Mar. 26, 1904; children : Jane Addams,Elizabeth Howland. Prof. English, U. of Chicago. Sec 111 Century ofProgress Comm. 1933. Mem. Alpha Delta Phi. dubs: Quadrangle, University, Tavern. Author: The Second Generation (novel); The Chameleon, 1903; Essentials of English Composition (textbook) 1912 ; JaneAddams, a Biography, 1935; This Was Life (novel), 1936; Winds Overthe Campus (novel), 1936; James Keeley, Newspaperman (biography), 1937.Home: 1357 E.A 56th St.34 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEHorner candidates in what downstate scribes like torefer to as a "political caravan." Each day he deliveredsix speeches in six towns, speeches that probablywouldn't bear reprinting in the learned journal calledETHICS: An International Journal of Social, Political,and Legal Philosophy, of which Philosopher Smith is theeditor. In campaigning, "T. V." has added anotherprop to his role of "an ignorant man and a philosopher"which he used in his 1936 radio speeches for the Democratic National Committee. He is now the Eddie Guestof Politics and a favorite line is : "... if I can mutilatea beautiful poem. ..." The electorate liked it.As Smith puts it, politicians are "the secular saints ofcivilization," and he admits that he is a politician. Ofhis fellow "saints" he says: "Politicians specialize atunderstanding diverse points of view and bringingthem together through the high art of compromise. ." . .The politician thrives upon compromise because he hasa social conscience which enables him to compromiseissues without compromising himself. . . . Without hiscompromises social life would sink quickly in despotism...." What faults politicians have, Smith believes, couldbe remedied by an extension of civil service — municipal,state and federal. And as a Congressman, T. V. Smithcan be expected to do more than his share. Smith as campaigner and Smith as legislator are two different persons. During his term in Springfield he won the respectof the Senate — both as a speaker and as an "unbossed"politician. He introduced only one measure in nearlyfour years and it was passed. Smith's bill called for thecreation of a legislative Council which will sift and strainideas good and bad and finally draft legislation whichmerits the attention of the State Legislature. The Council, Smith says, will "wed scientific intelligence and political sagacity."But neither Professor Linn nor Professor Smith goto the political wars as experts. Political scientists areagreed that the legislative and administrative activitiesof the government are distinct, at least ideally so. Legislatures of the nation are constituted broadly to determine policy. Messrs. Linn and Smith are candidatesfor political office in the role of citizens with an interestin the legislative branch of the government. It just happens that their jobs have been teaching, the one Englishliterature, the other philosophy. The professor who goesinto politics may have to foresake to a considerable degree his position as an intellectual. The professor in theadministrative activities of the government, or as apolitician's adviser, does not. The participation ofMessrs. Linn and Smith in government raises a muchlarger question : What should be the role of the professor in government?The United States has grown so rapidly (and so rich)that its citizens have had no time to ask whether or notthe machinery of government has kept pace with otherphases of modern civilization. William Fielding Ogburn coined the effective catch-phrase "cultural lag" todescribe how economic, social and political change trailsslowly in the swiftly-moving shadow of technologicaladvances. When prosperity is key noting for politicsthere is no inclination to ask questions.Perhaps the only benefit of the continuing depression is that it has provided not only the time to think, butthe necessity for it. Never before in the history of theUnited States has there been a greater opportunity forthoughtful government, and yet never before have thepoliticians been more compromising with less reason.Plato says in the Statesman that the characteristic of atrue government is not that it is of the few or the many,voluntary or involuntary, but that it is scientific. But,when the science of government (which Plato said onlya few could master) is called into play it is often thrownto the winds, as it was within recent weeks when theCongressional resolution for reorganizing an antiquatedexecutive branch of the Federal government was madea .political kite.It has been said that practical men are those whopractice the errors of their forefathers, and T. V. Smith,as a practicing politician, has said that politicians arepracticing compromisers. Professors were' called toWashington to draft a report on administrative management because they had something to offer that the politicians didn't have. But when the practical men said,"What's wrong with the way the government has alwaysbeen? This is a bill to set up a dictatorship," the politicians compromised and the reorganization bill wassent back to committee.President Roosevelt's Committee on AdministrativeManagement which drafted the report which was thebasis of the reorganization bill, consisted of LouisBrownlow (chairman), Luther Gulick, and Charles Edward Merriam. Chairman Brownlow is a lecturer inpolitical science at the University and director of thePublic Administrative Clearing House, a cooperativegroup of administrators interested in better government.Gulick, a New Yorker, has made government researchhis life work. Merriam is chairman of the departmentof political science at Chicago. President Roosevelt'sCommittee on Administrative Management suggested aplan for reorganizing the executive branch of the government which systematized changes suggested by everyPresident since the War. Yet this was the bill whichMr. A — mentioned above — and many another citizenwere led to believe was a dictator bill. And Mr. Ahad always been proud that his son had been able totake work at the University of Chicago under such agreat political scientist as Charles Merriam!4Who is the professor in government? And should hebe in government? Is he that charming and eccentricold gentleman who goes to the wrong classroom andoften forgets his rubbers? Is he the wild-eyed, unshaven fellow in a cap and gown who is the favorite ofcertain political cartoonists? He is neither. He maybe a onetime expert who has not read a book outsidehis own field for ten years. But he is more likely tobe a hard-working student of the world in which helives. He is not a mere theorist, but he has ideas. His4 A penetrating observation indicating the need for thinking in a democracy was that of Robert C. H. Waithman, New York correspondent of theLondon News Chronicle, who said: "The Congressmen who killed thereorganization bill seem to me to have triumphantly demonstrated the danger of dictatorship in the United States. Only the danger was revealedto lie not in a presidential dictatorship but in a dictatorship of demagogues. In any democracy there will always be a proportion of peoplewho, never having acquired the habit of original thought, will vibrate likebanjo strings under the plucking of propaganda. That they exist is nosurprise. But that a minority should have exacted obedience from Congress appears to me to be melancholy reading for the majority." (UnitedStates^News, April 18, 1938.)THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE Soccupation with facts is not a preoccupation. Since weare talking here of the professor in government, we aretalking primarily of the social scientist, not of the natural scientist or the classicist.During the past six years success in the social scienceshas been measured — by some — by the number of timesthe professors have grabbed their briefcases and toothbrushes to go to Washington or Springfield. The University of Chicago has made a notable contribution tothe public service during these years, just as it hasdone in every other year of its existence. More thanhalf of the faculty of the Division of the Social Scienceshas participated in the public service since 1931, holding appointments which ranged from adviser to a conference of Hopi Indians to United States Civil ServiceCommissioner. Statistically speaking, Chicago socialscientists did more than 150 jobs in the interests ofU. S. citizens outside of teaching.Is the social scientist a lobbyist for truth? Or is hejust trying to sell something to the politicians that hecan't sell to his own colleagues? He is neither. Thesocial scientist is a student of society who desires to beright and who has no vested interests to protect (exceptin education). Trouble comes when one asks whethereconomics is to be a discipline or just the means to pullTreasury department chestnuts out of the fire; whetherpolitical science is a discipline or the means of betteringthe administration of the Inland Waterways Corporation. This question is raised because the expert is expected to be right no matter what the problem is. Ifthe answer runs against the vested interests of the politicians, the expert is not only overruled, but he is liableto be made the goat. He is, it is said, not a practicalman. Sometimes this may be true, but it is not the rule— unless we again accept the definition that practicalmen are those who practice their forefathers' errors.Another point usually raised is that social scientistscannot agree among themselves. But there are any number of subjects that they do agree upon. It is thefew subjects they cannot agree upon, or about whichthey have insufficient knowledge, that cause themtrouble. These are the things of which the politiciancan make political capital and about which the socialscientist receives criticism. The politician is not ex pected to speak the truth and the expert is. WilliamRainey Harper said : "A professor has no right to proclaim to the public as truth discovered that which is unsettled and uncertain." But, as matters stand, the professor is frequently charged with uttering an untruthwhen he has merely expressed an opinion. In government, then, how and to what extent is the professor toparticipate? It must be remembered that the professoris two persons. He is the academician and also a citizen.The question would never have loomed so large ifpoliticians had done their duty. It would seem that ifyou are going to continue operating a government youshould have some idea of what that government is beforeyou stay in the game too long. Since many of the governments of the world have arrived at considerable age,it would appear that the reason for their existence shouldbe apparent. It has been said that a government shouldbe operated for the greatest good of the greatest numberof people. It might be said that the difference betweenfascism and democracy is that a fascist state is operatedon the principle that what is good for the state dictatesthe way to the people, while in a democracy the state isoperated for the benefit of the people. The governmentof a fascist state is complex, but since the dictator knowsall the answers, only the social scientist who produceswhat the dictator wants is countenanced. The peoplein a democracy need the social scientist. They have thepoliticians whose job it is to put together a program forthem — one that suits the farmers and the veterans aswell as the business man and the unemployed. Neededto keep this program from being a complete compromiseis the social scientist. While politics (and not the circus) is the greatest show on earth, it does not mean thatthe performers cannot learn new tricks — especially reading and writing.The politician can learn from the social scientist. Heshould, for example, learn that civil service should beextended. He should make it clear that his friend thesocial scientist can say what he knows and give hishonest opinion without fear of retaliation. And thepolitician should meet the social scientist half way inthe process of translating truth and the best opinion intoworthwhile legislation and efficient administration. It(Continued on Page 22)SOME OF CHICAGO'S "PROFESSORS IN POLITICS"• From left to right, Paul H. Douglas, Charles E. Merriam, Leonard D. White, Jacob Viner, and William F. Ogburn. 'WHAT IS AN EDUCATION?• By ROBERT MAYNARD HUTCHINS, President of the UniversityWE must first welcome the stranger within ourgates, who we hope will regard himself as astranger no longer. If anybody can help usto answer the question before us, he can. His long experience and distinguished position attest the variety ofhis attainments and the esteem in which he is held bythe educational world. I am happy to have him heretonight and happy to be associated with him in this discussion.TJhe question that the alumni have put would neverhave been asked if university presidents had done- theirduty. It would have been answered long ago. For itwould seem that if you are going to operate an educational institution you should have some idea of whateducation is before you begin. Since many of our educational institutions have arrived by now at a considerable age, it would appear that the basis of their existence should have been pretty thoroughly thrashed out.We have grown so fast and been so rich that we havenot had much time to think about what we were doing.We had to do it and do it quick and do it on a largescale. Perhaps the only benefit of recent and currentfinancial conditions is that we have lost, along with theadvantages of rapidly increasing wealth, this single butbasic disadvantage; for we now not only have time tothink, we are also compelled to do it. We must decidewhat aspects of our work deserve support. Shall wecut them all on a percentage basis, or shall we say,"These things are important and these not. Let ussupport those which are important"? When the moneyis rolling in we have neither the opportunity nor theinclination to ask ourselves such questions.If then we are going to ask ourselves about educationnow we might begin by trying to define the limits ofwhat we are talking about. I suppose we are talkingabout the kind of education that can be given in educational institutions as distinct from that we gain fromour homes, our friends, and our newspapers. And Isuppose that we are talking about the kind that can begiven in higher educational institutions, that is, abovethe elementary and secondary schools, beginning at aboutage sixteen. I suppose we agree, too, that we are discussing a question of emphasis. If you are running asteel company, you may run railroads and coal mines.You may have an extensive plant and an investmentportfolio to look after. Yet your principal business ismanufacturing and distributing steel. You are, therefore, not in the railroad business, or in the real estatebusiness, or in the investment business. You are inthe steel business. What we want to discover is theessential elements of an education. This is not to saythat many other things are not important or even indispensable to it. Railroads may be indispensable to asteel company; but the cars are run for the sake of thesteel business, not the steel business for the sake of the*Delivered at the Annual Alumni Assembly in Mandel Hall, April 15. cars. So an educational institution has to have somekind of place to carry on its work. But its propertyis operated for the sake of its educational activities, andnot the other way round. It is very important to getthese questions of emphasis straight ; for the purpose ofany activity determines the manner in which that activity should be carried on. It is possible to sacrificean educational institution to the maintenance of its plant ;yet we know that one of the most influential groups ofantiquity conducted its educational work in a publicporch and that Johns Hopkins won international famewhen it was quartered in a few rooms.Here I mean only what is meant by a phrase thathas come resounding down the ages : in any activity theend is the first principle. We must determine what theend of education is. Having done so we must keep oureye on it. We must have it constantly before us. Wemust test everything by asking whether it contributesto the end we have in view or whether it interfereswith it. We must get rid of what interferes with it.In times of financial crisis we must sacrifice what contributes less for the sake of what contributes more. Noofficer in any business can function without' standards,and these standards are derived from an analysis of thepurpose of the organization. Without such standardsthe executive must fall a prey to high pressure salesmen,to personal considerations, and to temptations of everykind. The easy thing for Harvard to do with its recentbequest for journalism was to establish a school of journalism. I assume (though I do not know) that Harvard declined to do so because it did not believe that aschool of journalism belongs, in a university. Thismeans, of course, that Harvard has some idea of whatdoes belong in a university, an idea of what a universityis, that is, an idea of the end.Having decided, then, that we must keep our eye onthe ball, we should perhaps try to discover what andwhere the ball is. Since education is preparation forlife, we must have some conception of life before wecan plan an education that prepares for it. This requires us to discover the end of human life. Stated insummary fashion the end of human life is happiness.Happiness is activity in accordance with good moraland intellectual habits. And since the moral character isformed relatively early in life, the principal aim of highereducation is to develop good intellectual habits. Thesewill, of course, provide the rational justification for goodmoral habits and hence sustain them in times of crisis.A recent sensational case in financial circles in NewYork confirms the view that merely being brought upwell, acting habitually without reflection upon the intellectual basis of action, may not support the individualwhen the circumstances under which he is accustomedto act have altered in such a way as to put an unusualstrain on his moral character.(Continued on Page 8)TWO VIEWS OF THE QUESTION'• By OLIVER CROMWELL CARMICHAEL, Chancellor of Vanderbilt UniversityI AM aware of the honor of your invitation to be heretonight, but I am more keenly aware at the moment of my rashness in accepting it. Your President has had more practice in expounding educationaltheory than most people, and more opportunity to refinehis point of view. His contribution to higher educationin America has been real, because he has pointed outwith clearness certain weaknesses in the program andhas thereby forced a consideration of some fundamentalproblems. As a result educational objectives will beclarified and intelligent planning will be advanced. Nothing is so important in the field of education today as astudy of fundamentals. Too much of our discussions,our papers, and our books on the subject have dealtwith matters of secondary importance. For once theprimary issues have been raised. As a colleague in theprofession I am grateful to Mr. Hutchins for this service. My acceptance of your invitation is based upon aconviction of the value of such discussion.There is little debate about the ills of education. Moststudents will agree substantially that crass vocationalism, over departmentalization, and anti-intellectualityare present, and that they are symptoms of a chronicdisorder. The argument arises when it comes to prescribing the remedy. Doctors frequently agree on diagnosis, but disagree on the treatment. This is true withrespect to leaders in education. Some believe that intelligent treatment over a period of time would be betterthan a major operation; some even believe that the patient is showing some improvement already.An examination of the background of our system withsome reference to present trends may aid in understanding the more conservative view of the situation.What are the causes of the confusion in education?It is due in part, of course, to the spirit of the times, butmore particularly to the confusion that is found in allphases of our collective life. But quite naturally oneasks why the educational leader has not been able tosee these changes and adjust to them. After all isn'tthat his job? Should he not be able to keep his headabove the troubled waters of the contemporary sceneand chart his course by the pole star of unchangingvalues? Under ordinary circumstances this may havebeen possible, but since the turn of the present centuryour educational system has been subjected to no ordinary stress. In all the recorded history of social institutions there is nothing comparable to the expansion ofeducation in the United States since 1900. A few factswill illustrate.In 264 years Harvard University had accumulatedless than $12,000,000 endowment, whereas in 36 yearsit added more than $120,000,000. Not Harvard onlybut all other institutions had a similar growth. In 1900the aggregate endowments of colleges and universities inAmerica was $170,000,000, in 1936 $1,600,000,000.Comprehend if you can the difficulties of putting to wise use for the common good the large increase in incomewhich this represents. The increase in support of stateinstitutions in this period was even greater. Along withthe increased income naturally came unparalleled growthof student bodies. Compare the figure for college students in 1900, 103,351, with that of 1936, 1,459,339.But the enlarged responsibilities of the educator did notstop with the job of handling wisely greatly increasedresources and student loads. Along with these changescame equally revolutionary scientific discoveries forcinga complete revision of outlook in practically every phaseof American life. Emergencies resulting from thesechanges often involved the necessity of institutions ofhigher education undertaking services which were notproperly in their province. At least the pressure wasso great that educators believed it necessary. Havingbegun a program in an emergency it continued. Addedto all this was the quite natural pressure from all sideson the schools to help youth find itself and adjust to anew world in which their parents were as bewildered asthey.No wonder education missed its goal in much of itseffort. A realistic review of the social revolution ofwhich education was necessarily a part during the pastfew decades would go far towards helping us to viewthe present situation, not with complacency but withunderstanding. Because I believe that the present educational ills are largely due to the unprecedented changeswhich have taken place in the life time of most of ushere, for which there is no counterpart in all history,I do not view with complete pessimism the outlook forthe future. In fact, I believe there are many signs of areturn to fundamentals in educational philosophy, meth-(Continued on Page 12)BACKSTAGE AT THE ASSEMBLYChancellor Carmichael, Robert Todd McKinlay, '29, chairman of theAssembly, and President Hutchins.7What is an Education? — Hutchins(Continued from Page 6)I hold then that the emphasis in higher educationshould be on intellectual development. You will notethat I do not say that the emphasis in a university shouldbe on education, rather than on research. That is another question, and one the alumni have not asked. Imerely say that insofar as a university engages in education it should emphasize intellectual development inits educational work. And since the word is emphasize, we are not dealing here with mutually exclusivealternatives. I have already indicated that intellectualdevelopment is largely for the sake of moral development. I would add that as long as a student and auniversity understand that their' principal educationaltask is intellectual development there is no reason whythey cannot interest themselves in other types of development that contribute to it. Physical, social, and economic habits may all affect intellectual activity. Thegraduate who is sick all the time, or who is maladjusted,or who is starving to death may have the greatest difficulty in exercising those intellectual habits which heshould have acquired during his educational career. Thedanger here is in the confusion of means and ends. Ifhealth, social adjustment, and economic adequacy aremerely means to intellectual activity they cannot be allowed to supplant it in the public mind, and still lessin that of the alumni, students, and faculty, as the endof education.Yet they do supplant it today. Some of the groupsI have mentioned measure the excellence of a universityby the success of its football teams, a situation whichMr. Carmichael has less reason to regret than I. Whatstarted as a recognition of the desirability of health andrecreation to the intellectual life has come to take theplace of intellectual life. Others of the groups I havementioned measure a university by the number of itsschools and courses that seem to guarantee a highersalary on graduation. Yet we know that our idea of auniversity would require us to hold that even if onecould guarantee financial success that would be no reason for maintaining it unless it could guarantee intellectual development as well. Others of the groups Ihave mentioned measure the excellence of a universityby the volume and gaiety of its "college life." Theclassic example is the celebrated young woman whomatriculated at a university in the Southwest and whowhen asked after a couple of months why she had honored it with her presence replied, "I come to be went= with and I ain't. "I ask you, how many colleges and universities arethere to which you could say in good conscience, "Whatyou need is a larger and more expensive athletic program, more and gayer fraternities and sororities, and alarger proportion of schools and courses of a directlyvocational kind"? No, the educational institutions ofthe country do not need this message. They do need tobe reminded that their task is intellectual developmentand that if they fail in this they are failures. Intellectual development is the task of higher educational institutions because nobody else can perform it.There are gymnasiums, country clubs, Y. M. C. A.'s,and myriads of fraternal and athletic organizations inwhich a healthy body and the social graces may be acquired. And it may be that the best way to learn toearn a living is to go to work and try to earn one. Butif we are concerned with intellectual development (andin view of the present state of the world we should beconcerned with it) the institutions of higher learningare our only hope. They should devote themselvessingle-mindedly to their specific task, not only becauseof the danger of confusing their constituency if theydon't, but also because it is a task most difficult andcomplicated and one to which their students are preparedto give up only a few short years of their lives. To theextent to which they divert their attention and that oftheir students from their proper job they must fall shortof what the country is entitled to expect of them andof them alone.Now general education, which the student should gainbetween the ages of about sixteen and twenty, shouldbe first of all education for living. It is general in thesense that it is not specialized ; that is, it is not designedto prepare the student to carry on any specific vocationalor even intellectual activity. It is an attempt to isolatethose common intellectual elements which are preparation for all the activities of life. A good general education will prepare the student for advanced study. Butthe real test of it is whether it prepares him for thewTise conduct of his life, for citizenship, and for the intelligent use of leisure. It must be an education, too,that is, in a sense complete. The student must be entitled to feel at the end of his program of general education that he has had an education. He must be readyto face the world.Now what does a young man or woman need mosttoday if he is to face the world? I think he needs theinherited wisdom of the race. I agree with the officialhistorian o£ Harvard that President Eliot committed thegreatest crime against American youth in that he didnot realize its need of the inherited wisdom of the race.He permitted Harvard students to graduate, under theelective system, without any knowledge of this wisdomor with such shreds and patches of it as accidentallystrayed their way. The inherited wisdom of the race,then, meets the requirements of education in general andof general education in particular. The mastery of itpromotes intellectual development. It is the greatestinstrument the citizen can have. One who possesses itcan never be at a loss in his idle hours. Since it includes all the branches of human activity, it can formthe basis of advanced study in any field. We can goso far as to say, indeed, that no citizen should be allowed to reach maturity without being exposed to it, andno student should be allowed to enter upon advancedwork without mastering it. Many of those who will g°8THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 9on into advanced study will enter the learned professions,including teaching and research. The principal problemin these professions today is not that of finding peoplewith admirable technical skill. It is that of finding people who have in addition to admirable technical skill aneducation. Common intellectual interests and a common intellectual background are essential to an intellectual community. All universities suffer today as theSociety of Fellows at Harvard is said (perhaps slanderously) to suffer from the lack of these common intellectual foundations. The miscellaneous character ofthe educational system is making this situation worseevery year.If, then, the student is to be given a chance to masterthe inherited wisdom of the race, how shall we give itto him? I don't much care. If all his work is testedby the purpose of the whole and by its intellectual content — it must not be mere description to be memorized —there may be various methods and various orders ofmastering the material. I have a strong prejudice infavor of using books, and great books. Great books inscience should be accompanied by the great experiments,just as the theoretical study of music and art should beillustrated by the great works in these fields. If whatwe are trying to do is to pass on the inherited wisdomof the race, how shall we do it better than by givingthe rising generation the chance to read, discuss, andunderstand what the wisest men have written? Toread, discuss, and understand certain disciplines areneeded. I think they are those that go by the horridnames of grammar, rhetoric, logic, and mathematics.These are horrid names ; they may sound more palatableif I say that they are what everybody knows as the artsof reading, writing, speaking, and reckoning. If anybody believes that he can get the same result withoutthese disciplines, I shall be glad to have him try; forit is the result and not the manner of achieving it thatwe are interested in.When the student has had a general education he mayforsake the academic shades, or, if he has the interestand ability required, he may pursue advanced studies.These studies should be concerned with fundamental intellectual problems (education is intellectual development) concerning nature and man at a higher level ofspecialization than can or should be achieved in generaleducation. These subject-matters must be studied according to the methods of history, of science, and ofphilosophy.Viewed practically these subject-matters include thoseintellectual problems basic to engineering and medicine,to the ministry, and to law and public administration.The techniques of professions cannot be satisfactorily taught in a university, and there is no reason whythey should be. The intellectual bases of learned professions can and should be communicated in a university.Professional techniques should not be confused with intellectual content or allowed to supplant it in the educational scheme.You have heard me many times before and have neverheard Mr. Carmichael. I do not wish to keep you orme much longer from that privilege. But at the requestof the alumni, whose requests in times of financial crisis are not to be ignored, I shall add a few final remarkson the relations among the fields of knowledge in thesystem of advanced education that I have proposed. Ishould like to remind you, in the first place, that we areconcerned at this level with fundamental intellectualproblems. We must, therefore, be concerned with philosophy, because philosophy deals with the most fundamental intellectual problems there are.Moreover, philosophy is the only knowledge by whichboth science and nature can be judged. When we attempt to eliminate philosophy and substitute naturalscience for it, we forsake the right to judge nature andgovern it and we turn ourselves into one aspect of nature, subjected, like the rest of it, to the necessary lawthat regulates its development. As Gilson has said :"Before their unexpected success in finding conclusiveexplanations of the material world, men had beguneither to despise all disciplines in which such demonstrations could not be found, or to rebuild those disciplinesafter the pattern of the physical sciences. As a consequence, metaphysics and ethics had to be either ignored,or, at least replaced by new positive sciences ; in eithercase they would be eliminated. . . . The European burnthis old ships before making sure that the new oneswould float. . . . Far from making up for the loss ofphilosophy, the discovery of the scientific substitutes forit leaves man alone with nature such as it is, andobliges him to surrender to natural necessity. ... Aworld where accomplished facts are unto themselves theirown justification is ripe for the most reckless socialadventures. Its dictators can wantonly play havoc withhuman institutions and human lives, for dictatorshipsare facts and they also are unto themselves their ownjustification."In this matter of the ends of human life and humansociety science leaves us helpless, "What ought we todo?" is not a scientific question. Science can give usthe automobile, the radio, and the airplane. It cannottell us how many we ought to have, who ought to havethem, or how they ought to be used. The most urgentproblems of modern times are not concerned with controlling nature but with what we should do with ourcontrol of it after we have it. These are problems ofpractical philosophy, and no amount of scientific knowledge will ever solve them. I may add that since everyscientist is a citizen and most of them are educators theyall have ideas about the end of human life and of societythat cannot possibly have been supplied by their scientific studies.Closely related to this issue is the issue of the veryexistence of society. A society, if it is to be one, musthave some common outlook on the world. If we examinethe activities of scientists, not of those who are philosophers without knowing it or admitting it, but of scientists as such, we see that they are specialists who astheir work advances devote themselves more and moreintensively to the study of a more and more specializedaspect of the universe. This type of activity is necessaryand satisfactory for the acquisition of scientific knowledge. It will not suffice as the unifying agent of thesocial world. It is in this realm the agent of disinte-10 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEgration. To leave the field to it is to guarantee theultimate destruction of society.If it were possible for us to do without philosophy, itwould make no difference whether anyone said thatphilosophy is not knowledge (which is manifestly untrue) ; that philosophies are merely the expression ofthe economic, social, and political conditions underwhich they were formulated (which is obviously false)and that all we have when we talk about philosophy ismere words or the expression of the emotional attitudesof the speaker. In reply to such immature vaporings itis not necessary to rely on the indubitable propositionthat man is a metaphysical animal. We can offer theexample of the scientists themselves. As a contemporaryhas said, "Every scientist ... in the operations of hisown science practically affirms . . . and with a dogmatism which is the more fearless in the very degree towhich it is unconsidered, a number of eminently metaphysical propositions." Among such propositions arethe reality of the physical world, the existence of thingsapart from the mind, of change, of causality, and thepossibility of the apprehension of things by the mind.Every scientist, too, has some idea about the nature ofhis own science ; but the consideration of the true natureof a science does not belong to any science, but to philosophy. And the scientist talking about science maylack philosophical competence along with philosophicaltechnique. To quote the same writer again: "Everyscientist, by the very fact that he applies himself to nomatter what form of demonstration, has already givenhis adherence, very positively however undeclared, toan important number of philosophical propositions. Itvery evidently follows from this that all these thingswhich live latently and vitally in the mind of the scientistcould advantageously be brought to light and looked atface to face as objects of knowledge. ..."We are all, then, practical philosophers, because weall face and decide ethical and political problems. Weshould all be speculative philosophers, because we wantto be educated men — and some of us want to be educators — and here is a vast and fundamental field ofknowledge that underlies all other knowledge. Do notmisunderstand me. The sciences and history are autonomous. The scientist as scientist does not need to be aphilosopher. As Poincare has said, "The questionwhether ether in fact exists is a matter for the metaphysicians. The essential thing for us [scientists] is thateverything happens as if it did." But we are talkingabout education, and in it philosophy must occupy a central place, first because of our practical necessities ; second, because of our desire to be educated and to educate ;and third, because of the imperative importance of recognizing a philosophical problem when we see one andeither eschewing its discussion or acquiring the competence which its discussion demands.There is nothing anti-scientific in all this. Is it anti- scientific to say that natural science is not the whole ofknowledge and not the whole of life and hence not thewhole of education ? Nor do I see anything antiquarianmediaeval, dogmatic, reactionary, or authoritarian aboutthese suggestions. Men have always tried and are trying today to look through experience to the ultimategrounds of all real and possible experience. In makingthis inquiry they are metaphysicians. This inquiry isnot dated. It is subject to its own internal checks; itstechniques are as rigorous as those of natural science.To the suggestion that metaphysics is important in auniversity the question "Whose metaphysics?" is a sillyreply. It is as silly as the answer " Whose science?" or"Whose history ?" would be to the statement that scienceor history is important in a university. Are there nodebates, no differences, no conflicts, no opposed points ofview among scientists or historians? And do their differences invalidate the educational usefulness of theirsubjects? It is not somebody's metaphysics that is important; it is metaphysics. A university should be aswilling to have able but opposed metaphysicians on itsfaculty as it would be to have both Mr. Millikan andMr. Compton, though they differ on some fundamentalquestions concerning cosmic rays, or Mr. BernadotteSchmitt and an equally distinguished historian who differed with him on the causes of the Great War.A university president trained as a physicist mightdisagree radically with Mr. Compton. One trained asan historian might disagree with Mr. Schmitt. Stillhe would be glad to have either on the faculty. All university presidents trained or not and consciously or notare metaphysicians, though most of us have not hadtime enough, to say nothing of the ability, to endangerour amateur standing. The test a university presidentwill apply in examining a philosopher's qualificationsfor the faculty is the same as that which he will applyin appointing a natural scientist or an historian, namely,the intelligence and ability of the candidate. For ametaphysical president to refuse metaphysical appointments because of his views of metaphysics would be asinappropriate as a physical president's refusing physicalappointments because of his views of physics.Recognizing, then, the enormous importance of sciencein life and education, according it every support and encouragement, we must conclude that insofar as a university is an educational institution its work on thehigher levels must be permeated and ordered by thework of a revived and reanimated philosophical faculty.What is an education? An education is intellectual development. General education is intellectual development through the acquisition of the inherited wisdomof the race. The higher learning is intellectual development through the study of fundamental intellectual problems in one of the major fields of knowledge. Suchstudy presupposes the unification of education and of theuniversity by philosophy.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 11"Where in the World""It's Blackfriars time again!" Once more the Friars presenttheir annual production, which, to every alumnus andstudent signifies the coming of spring to the campus. Thisyear's show, "Where in the World," was written by IsadoreRichlin, "35, is set in a fictitious St. Thomas College inEngland some 500 years ago, in 1438 A. D. From a production standpoint Blackfriars is enhanced by the acquisition of colorful medieval costumes from the Chicago CivicOpera wardrobe. Several good songs plus a veteran castare additional reasons for the quality of the performance.What is an Education? — Carmichael(Continuedods, and procedures in the many and varied changesthat are taking place in higher education.In professional schools almost without exception leaders are urging a broader base in fundamental educationand less effort in the technical phases of training; inthe college of liberal arts there is a breaking down ofstrict departmental lines, a merging of effort that wasunknown a few years ago; even professional schoolfaculties are known to hold joint conferences for thepurposes of broadening and strengthening their offerings. Despite the establishment of a course in Cosmetology in California, and similar vagaries elsewhere/ theevidence indicates that there are more changes takingplace in the direction of removing indefensible vocationalism and of eliminating the isolation which besetshigher education than those which point the other way.As to whether anti-intellectualism is giving way to a realspirit of learning it is impossible to say. It is an intangible matter and very difficult to evaluate, but theincreasing stress in recent years 6n scholarship in educational discussions, the increasing number of independent study plans and provisions for individual instruction indicate at least the likelihood that the tide hasbegun to turn towards quality rather than quantity ineducational effort.With this preliminary and cursory examination of thebackground of the present educational situation let usturn to a consideration of some of the primary issuesinvolved in it.In the discussion of the higher learning in America,vocationalism is named as one of the three cardinal sins.Is it vocationalism or the type of vocational trainingoffered? The decline of the professions of law, medicine, and the Church is attributed to the weaknesses inthe present courses of training offered by medicalschools, law schools, and schools of theology. Furthermore, it is indicated that the education provided in theideal university will fit men for these professions thoughit is admitted that they may need to go to a technicalinstitute to learn the arts and tricks of the professionbefore beginning its practice. It would appear, then,that the issue is not whether the university shall prepare men for their vocations, but how shall they preparethem, what kind of education is needed in such preparation. In other words, it is not the ideal of vocationalor professional education that should be discarded bythe university, but the narrow view of what constitutesthe best preparation. I agree that much of what is included in the professional courses should be eliminated,with more attention paid to the principles underlyingthe professions. But fundamental theoretical knowledgeis not enough. Actual training in procedures and technical processes is necessary to an intelligent understanding of the profession and its place in the social structure. To call this training "the arts and tricks of thetrade" is an over-simplification of the matter. Professional techniques have grown out of the processes of from Page 7)social evolution. A study of them, therefore, throwslight upon those processes.Closely related to this is the repeated reference tothe need of the university to eschew practical or utilitarian aims. Any practical purpose motivating the student in his study is conceived to have a disintegratingeffect on scholarship. Is it that education should benon-utilitarian and non-practical? On the contrary, astudy of fundamental principles is conceived to be themost valuable and hence the most practical. The question, then, is really what kind of education will be themost useful to the leader. It is inconceivable that theuniversity should seek to serve no practical purpose. Itis not difficult to argue that a shortsighted view of whatconstitutes the most useful training has been a defectin American education, but this does not mean thatpractical purposes should not dominate the university.Unless it recognizes its very practical task of developingleaders it must fail. It is important not to confuse asense of values in curriculum construction with non-utilitarian aims on the part of the institution.It is contended that all students should study thesame things in the college and university. There is littleevidence in support of this view. It is important thatthey should arrive at common conceptions of learning,beauty, and truth, but these are not dependent upon anyspecial intellectual menu. In speaking of higher learning, Mr. Hutchins says: "as education it is the single-minded pursuit of the intellectual virtues, as scholarshipit is a single-minded devotion to the advancement ofknowledge." It is conceivable that these objects maybe attained by those who pursue quite different lines ofstudy. Indeed, it is not only conceivable but exemplified in many scholars found in our universities. A greatchemist or mathematician or psychologist may be a greatphilosopher. In fact, usually the great scholar in anyone field is fully aware of the significance of other fields,and is as much a philosopher as the logician or metaphysician.The important consideration is whether one achieveseducation and scholarship as defined, and not the coursespursued in the achievement. There is no evidence ineducational history that the recipe suggested will produce the desired results.In short, as educators the issue is not whether wehave a common subject matter but whether we have acommon philosophy of education which will enable usto deal with subject matters effectively and with understanding. In the hands of the competent professor theteaching of biology may open up great vistas of humanknowledge and a deep understanding of the principlesunderlying knowledge and truth in the same way thatthe teaching of metaphysics may do. Surely the sciencesare pointing to a theory of truth which is independentof the absolutes of the past. It is an unwarranted assumption that social, ethical, and esthetic principles havealready been discovered. In the search for them in theTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 13raw material of experience lies the path to education.To assume that they are ready made and complete andto be found only in the study of metaphysics is to denythe validity of the efforts of the modern scholars andthe most vital element in modern educational effort.It is not the subject matter studied that prevents professors and students from understanding each other.That is dependent upon whether or not they have acommon philosophy of education, of life, and of thenature of fundamental knowledge. A variety of viewpoints is helpful provided there is a common basis ofunderstanding represented by a common philosophy oftruth. It will be recalled that Cardinal Newman in picturing the complete university commented on this aspectof learning. He said: "It is a great point then to enlarge the range of studies which a university professes,even for the sake of the students ; and, though they cannot pursue every subject open to them, they will be thegainers by living among those and under those that represent the whole circle."The issue in the university is not whether we pursuetruth "for its own sake" (really a meaningless phrase)but whether we are really in pursuit of truth. If a preconceived or desired conclusion is the aim of study thereis a search for arguments but not for truth. I recall ayoung theological student who said he was going toread Darwin's Descent of Man, but that he would havethe same beliefs about man's origin after he had readit as before. He was clearly not in pursuit of truth atall. On the other hand, if one seeks for truth becausehe feels the need of it for what he wishes to do in theworld, .it does not vitiate his search provided he is openminded and in earnest about it.The need is not for the reorganization of the system,so as to separate general education from higher learning,and this in turn from research and professional training.The real problem is to make certain that the spirit oftruth, and search for truth will permeate and dominateall phases of education including the college, higherlearning, research, and professional training. Researchand technical institutes, where the spirit of inquiry wouldpresumably be absent, would seem an unfortunate solution. Even in the acquisition of techniques or in thegathering of facts the spirit of learning ought to prevail.It might discover better techniques and better ways ofgathering and interpreting facts.There is misdirected effort that might be styled unqualified empiricism, but this is due to lack of discrimination in the objects of study. The problem is to refinethe objects of research. The separation of higher learning and research would be disastrous to both ; disastrousto higher learning because one must have facts withwhich to think, to compare, to reason, and to draw conclusions ; disastrous to research because it would removethe incentive from the gathering of facts, since the searchfor truth on the part of the fact gatherer would be absent or negligible. It is difficult to discern whose function it would be to indicate what facts should be collected on the plan proposed of establishing research institutes separate from the university.Turning from the organization of higher educationto the more fundamental problem of what education may do to improve society, which is dealt with by Mr.Hutchins in "Ideals of Education," American Journalof Sociology, July, 1937, I can agree with him on therelation of the university to the civilization of which it isa part and the consequent difficulties involved in effecting changes. I agree too that the emphasis on money-making' in American life is to be deplored. Hie ^ay*s :(p. 2) "Money is the symbol of the things we honor.We talk a good deal about freedom. It seems on analysis to be the freedom to make money. We talk aboutequality. Under scrutiny it often turns out to be equality of opportunity to make money."But money is merely the medium through which amultitude of desires may be fulfilled. It is but anotherway of saying that there is too little concern for thepublic welfare and too much devotion to self interest inAmerican thought and life. That is the basicissue. What is needed to meet it is an earnest,intelligent, and continuous effort to build up aspirit and atmosphere in the college and universitythat will send forth graduates inspired with a sense ofobligation to serve their day and generation and notthemselves primarily. The professions and training forthem have been dominated too much by the profit motiverather than a desire for public service. It is a changein emphasis that is needed. Social intelligence and socialinterests should be as much an object of higher education in both the college and the university as intelligentlyand intellectual interests. Through recognizing this theUniversity may hope to improve the civilization of ourday. Mere intellectual training, as valuable as it is, willnot of itself provide the springs of social action. TheSocratic formula that "knowledge is virtue", has longsince been discarded.Finally, the issue is not to find a means of impartinga knowledge of fundamental principles in order to uprootthe anti-intellectualism which pervades the university oftoday, but to discover a way of inspiring a dynamicscholarship that will insure the continuation of learningin the individual, the application of knowledge to theproblems of society, and cultural development after college days are over.There is no debate on the relative importance of factsin education. To consider their acquisition as the object of education is fatal They should be used as meansto the end of teaching one to think, which is the significant goal. But learning facts and learning to think mustbe supplemented by a real love of and desire for knowledge, if scholarship is to be effective. However learnedone may be on graduation day he may not qualify asreally educated if he has failed to acquire deep and permanent intellectual interests.But effective education requires even more than that.With intellectual interests must be fused active socialinterests which provide the urge to action. This facthas been overlooked by educational leaders too often andseems to be neglected in the ideal college and universityprogram which Mr. Hutchins has outlined for us. Thisdoes not refer to that type of character education whichis so much deprecated. It refers to the teaching of thefundamental principles so often forgotten or denied thatgiving and not getting is the true way of life; that the14 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEphilosophy which it implies is the ordering principle inthe world of human relations.Added to intellectual interests in a well-rounded education must be development of an appreciation of thebeautiful, the noble, the true. This is fostered by thereading and study of great literature and by an understanding and enjoyment of a great art and great music,as well as by the pursuit of truth through research andstudy.John Ruskin more than fifty years ago summed upthe purpose of education in an arresting sentence. Hesaid : "The entire object of true education is to makepeople not merely do the right thing but to enjoy theright things, not merely learned but to love knowledge,not merely industrious but to love industry, not merelypure but to love purity, not merely just but to hungerand thirst after justice." It is the dynamic quality ofscholarship implied in this definition that the colleges anduniversities should seek to develop. It is doubtful ifgeneral education consisting of rhetoric, logic, mathematics, and the classics plus three years in the study offirst principles would accomplish it, for it would seemto require that study be associated with vital human interests; that it be concerned -with needs that stir theimagination, and with actual problems, the solution ofwhich would challenge the best efforts of the student.As an illustration of the application of the principle,take the southeastern region of the United States inwhich Vanderbilt University is located. In that regionthere are great social, economic, and political problemswhich concern the welfare of 20,000,000 people. A fewsentences will suffice to indicate how real and how chal-leging these problems must be to those who take time tounderstand them. Gerald Johnson described the situation as follows : "There are even now tremendous forcesof destruction at work in the South. Recently there hasbeen increasing reason to believe that these forces aregaining on the forces of construction, and it is by nomeans unimaginable that they may eventually becomedominant, sweeping the region back to a level of civilization far lower than that which it occupied today. Thedestiny of the South is not yet fixed and determined. Apparently its opportunity is great; but to improve thatopportunity will require great wisdom, great tenacity,and great labor." Land waste represented by the factthat in that region with 17% of the cultivated area ofthe country there is 60% of the eroded land; humanwaste represented by woefully inadequate educationalfacilities and two million tenants changing farms on theaverage every two years ; and economic dislocation dueto the crumbling of the cotton economy and the precarious position of export types of tobacco, are elementsin the picture.Should a university which serves primarily that region concern itself merely with a study of first principlesand metaphysical truths, sending forth its graduates tolabor there as ignorant of these problems as if they hadnever been to the university? A lack of understandingin the past is responsible for the present situation andthe dangers for the future. If the university is to ignore the needs of the region it serves, that is the concrete problems of society, in both its research and itsteaching, who is going to solve them? Will researchinstitutes devoted to fact gathering suffice? Since theuniversity graduate who is to become the leader in publicaffairs will have no contact with them, they will beineffective.The conclusion is inescapable that provision should bemade in the university program for research in the fundamental current problems, for bringing earnest studentsinto contact with professors who are studying these problems, not in the abstract, but in the concrete. This willnot lower the intellectual tone of the University, but willgive it a dynamic character which would be lacking to theuniversity which is concerned merely with abstract learning.There is finally the question as to the unifying principle and the common body of knowledge which wouldbring order out of chaos. It would appear that the common understanding of the search for truth, which is inherent in the scientific method and attitude will sufficeas a unifying principle. It is not yet demonstrated thata common body of knowledge is required for effectiveuniversity training. The practice of the European universities as well as those of America would indicate thatit is not thought necessary. The content of higher education had better be left to the genius of all the professors working together rather than attempt to settle it byan obiter dictum. It will be a slower process but onemore likely to succeed as a permanent solution of theproblem.In the light of the foregoing and in conclusion, whatthen is an education ? It is not the acquisition of facts ortechnique or skills. It is not even the mastery of mathematics, logic, rhetoric, and the classics ; nor yet the ability to handle skillfully the concepts of metaphysics. Itis more than intellectual discipline, dialectical skill, ormere philosophical perspective. It is superior to intellectualism, rationalism, or the capacity for scientific abstraction. It is not derived from books alone — not evenfrom the classics though they are very valuable if rightlyused. "Man thinking must not be subdued by his instruments," said Emerson. "Books are for the scholar's idletimes. When he can read God directly, the hour is tooprecious to be wasted in other men's transcripts of theirreadings."The laboratory, the gathering and interpretation offacts and the search for truth in their application is themodern version of this thought. Education involvesmore than books or theories or abstract conceptions. Itis derived from the effort to apply principles. It doesnot end with merely discovering the truth: Its worthis largely determined by the extent to which truth findsexpression in attitudes, both social and intellectual, inactions and in dominating purposes. It is not dependentupon any special intellectual regimen. It is born of thespirit of learning, is nurtured by the spirit of truth, andgrows through cultivation by wise leaders who recognizeindividual needs and seek to meet them.ITS WORTH YOUR BEST!Third Prize in Manuscript Contest• By WILLIAM J. PEACOCK, '07FOR any vivid portrayal of theassociations and the habits ofthinking impressed upon one'smind by the University of Chicago Ineed the background of the steel mills.Mine was an environment suggesting Dickens, a community of "Johnnie-Bulls," immigrants from England,to whom the prod to move largelyhad been mental servitude. Theirdream of a Free Country had included escape not only from povertybut from "established" forms of religion.I remember Joe Bent, "lay-outman" in the structural shop. Unschooled, he was yet keen enoughmentally to map out templets forblast-pipe elbows. In a college vacation back amongst the crew, this timeas his helper, he was challenging mychoice and my program. "Gawd,Bill," he blurted, then paused to aimtobacco-juice at a column, "Twelveyears a-learnin' to be a parson ... !"And mother's fear. I knew thatthat "laying on of hands" troubledher. Was the Church "hard-up" forministers ! Daddy, years before, hadquit a chapel where a worker's questions create disturbance. The familystruggle for a living became tenseafter he disappeared down East, looking for work in a "depression" of1882. Even "Young Tom," owner of steel-plants, dissatisfied with a fame as the creator of dance steps, hadblown out his melancholy brains.Even after fifty years memory acknowledges an impulse somehow to offer first-aid to the shades of steel-heaters toiling before furnace doors, where my kid jobwas "pull-up." It was my duty to hang on to the chain-falls regulating the height of the doors, for the heat wasscorching as well as blinding. I would watch the men'sclothes to see whether smoke arose!The spring of 1901 found my mind unsettled. Thencame Shailer Mathews to Granville. I remember hiseager freedom, even his polkadot tie. I began to visualize a theological unit in a university, a brilliant presidentteaching Hebrew, God Himself unruffled by "criticism."I came to Chicago, the first whiff of its stockyardsreminiscent of Pittsburgh smoke, to find preachers majoring on sociology! It was the summer of 1901, "decennial year," with "Harper's circus-tent" still standing.Students were discussing the impression made by silent "John D." Masons were erectingwalls upon those five new cornerstones. The President, teaching inHaskell hall, pictured to us prophetswho were men and heroes. ... Iwished that Mother, now gone, JoeBent, "Young Tom," and especiallyDad might have sat with me.* ?K * * * *It was Henderson, formerly a student-pastor in the stockyards district,who revealed to me the spirit of thenew university. An incident arose,not without humor, to become a divinity school tradition.Two bright fellows, candidates fortheir "D.B.," were posted to appearbefore Henderson in final examination. Campus talk had it that theyhad crammed and recited togetheruntil they were ready to plump theDoctor's entire early "conspectus"back upon his own head.Students will recall Henderson'semphasis upon "interests." The Whyof them. Their order. "Why mustwe add Religion?" For all of thisand more our lads were ready."Doc's" questions were being caromedback at him with ail-but verbal accuracy, and the candidates were"sitting pretty." It requires littleimagination to think of a wink between them.Now Henderson, recently invested with his own Ph.D.,was typically modest, like others who were doing pioneering work in the science. One conjures him as sensing that look between the two. At any rate the tackof the quiz- changed. He seemed to forget those earlymajors and began prying into the candidates as thoughthey were research men. What was their reading? Heplowed into their experience. He brought up his ownproblems, and laid faculty tough-knots on the block.While they, bogged and floundering, were expressingconfusion, he was toiling ahead.At length and out of breath, he paused. Was he disappointed in them — these bright lads? "That will do.You are excused," he announced. And the crest-fallenpair sidled from the room. In the hall, by sudden andclimactic consent they jerked off their robes. It hadbeen unfair ! They would wait ! He should answer theirquestions. . . .Presently the doctor appeared, his own gown uponhis arm, and expressed mild surprise at meeting them.WILLIAM J. PEACOCK, DB '07The third prize winner in the Manuscript Contest, he has been known by industrial men foryears as "parson." He lives in West De Pere,Wisconsin, a suburb of Green Bay, workingfor the Johns-Mansville Company. A careerwith young people has kept him youthful; hestarted with the pastorship of the WindsorPark Baptist Church in Chicago and for anumber of years was personnel man at theNorthern Paper Mills. The "parson" confineshis preaching now to service clubs and safetyorganizations.1516 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE"Doctor Henderson," the first one began, "was it-reasonable— -is it customary to ask of us problems wenever had studied?"Before Doctor could reply the other was in action andsomewhat bitter. "Did you run out of questions aboutyour own courses?""There, there, boys," he soothed them. "You are going to pass. We knew that two years ago. It was ail-tooevident today that you have mastered everything I triedto teach you. Question is had we quickened in youhabits of observation. Have you acquired any morehandles upon life? And my own courses: Sociology isa new and a growing science. I wanted you to appreciate the fact that much is yet to be discovered.""Warm, isn't it?" he commented, and walked away.^i * * * * *There was something characteristically Chicagoan inmy own simple finals. Any divinity graduate could appreciate my night terrors at the thought of meetingFoster, Smith (Gerald Birney) and Mathews after anabsence of three years, and single-handed. However, ithad escaped me that teachers also might require sometime reviewing. And I had overlooked this thing ofgrowth in university tools and topics. Courses would berevamped with the years. Dean Mathews moreover hadduring my sprawling six years been transferred fromNew Testament to Theology. I was about as welcomeas an out-of-date motor-buggy.We sat down, I conspicuously behind the desk, thattrio of brains below. My first consciousness of thingsawry was that undertone "you take him first" amongthem. Professor Smith was decidedly cheerful when helearned that I had taken but four courses with him.With Foster there had been but three. The bulk of mytheology had been with the Dean. It was up to him tocast — I mean, to start "shootin'."But Mathews' wit to the rescue !I recall his opening question. My emphasis upon thefive terms in "Content of the Gospel" could not havebeen more unwelcome. That had been his introductorywork in the field, clearing stumpy ground, and three,four, five years ago! I would hate to have him checkup upon me, but I remember how he shifted position,grinned, then asked with frank humor: "What did Itell you those days?"I could join with relief in the laughter that followed,and by the time it came to Foster, could relish his interest in my theology "as of the present."There abides one outstanding hour amongst thoseeight summers on the campus. Harper had answeredthe Summons. President Judson now was in office. Professor Burton, also of presidential stature was knownby older students, the summer transients, to be in poorhealth. We used to consider it a delight to offer at leastcompanionship to him.However, when it comes to quoting Burton I shrinkback into "pull-up" timidity. Indeed I am ashamed ofthe number of years it took me even to respond to hisfriendship. Had his keen scholarship set him at a dis tance in our minds? And, was it depriving him of anintimacy with young men which his spirit craved?Vernon Phillips and I had accompanied Doctor andMrs-. Burton to their home. It was like "Vera" gallantly to escort the lady. It was my compensation tohave the Doctor alone. Arriving at the house he notedthat the others had gone inside, and sank — all too rapidly — on the steps outside. He motioned me to sit also.I wonder if any man of us ever will forget those keenfeatures, the deep-set eyes, that voice — the tense timbreof which might have suggested much to a physician.He began asking me questions. "Do your men — yourreal^-men— ever become frank, even boy-like about theirfaith?"That was a bit startling, yet happily there was"Lucius," that locomotive engineer who had attachedhimself to me. I could even enjoy sharing him with theDoctor. This man had dubbed me "parson Bill" longbefore I could get over my awe of the skill with whichhe piloted the "Overland Limited." Once coupled tothe train, waiting for the "Go" sign, he was the brainsof that hundred-ton monster. I had ridden the divisionwith him several times and had noted how his cat-likecrouch, mile after mile, anticipated the leap of his train.Doctor Burton immediately drew out the story of thatSunday morning when after service I had greeted myfriend with "At last, Sir, I know your whistle.""My whistle?""That signal-call to me suggests your own self. Listen.Last Thursday night you took the road with fifteenminutes already lost of running-time. Didn't you?""You discovered that by his whistle?" the Doctormarvelled.Yes. Also his call impinged upon my senses againSaturday morning when his train, two hours late fromthe Coast, came in as "Second Section." I phoned "Mrs.Lucius" and warned her to prepare for a hungry husband. Thereafter I had him spotted.But Doctor Burton was most interested in a tete-a-teteat the park where I had met my friend and we had sattogether. "About that whistle," he had remarked. "Youheard me at ten-fifteen. You could have been in bed bythat time."I was in bed.There was a pause. "What did you do then — Pastor?""Pastor!" the Doctor echoed.Yes. I noted the difference. "I won't forget — nexttime," I promised Lucius. "Now-a-days every thirdnight there is a tryst, a mystical appointment on theair" . . ."I'm listening," the Doctor prodded me."Well. Our division is 202 miles, Clinton to Boone.The running time is pared to the bone and calls for allof an engineer's experience, alertness and skill. 'Gallagher' is kept busy coaxing steam. Every mile of trackmust be not only known but capitalized. A down-gradehas its relief; a hill its problem. There is somethingunknown at the blind end of every curve. The fear ofsome whiskey-crazed driver doggedly hurrying to acrossing (even before autoist days!) is a menace. Airbrakes, with passengers asleep, require a pianist's touch.Always it must be Time, Hurry, Speed, Speed !"THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 17"'And that whistle?' Well, Doctor. To Lucius andhis pastor there is one guiding Engineer. And my friendnow carries vividly an experience of 'two of you agreed.''My prayer?' O Dear Engineer of souls: Grant to myfriend— -out yonder in the night — -a sense of a Hand overhis own" . . .I turned at a sound. The Doctor was saying softly:"I'd like to be in on that."In on what? There came over me a sense of a newbond between Burton and myself: concern for Luciuslike men. Scholarship must be his share in our ministry.And a sense of loss came over me when word wasflashed later that "President" Burton, like Harper, hadfallen. Had the demands — to him the opportunities ofour new University exacted life itself? Still later itwould be Henderson! The chaplain's challenge wouldcome back to me: "Your ministry, my boy, is worthyour level best!""University," "Ministry," were they not curiously ofone kind ? Would that Joe Bent might have known suchteachers — pastors !s|« ^s ;|i jji ;JcMemory turns with avidity to the lovable, witty Hulbert. Old boys will never forget those classroom laughs,climaxes of humor when we rocked in our seats. Onerecalls also the Dean's crushing experiences, and tragicdeath amongst his family intimates. I remember especially the year he lived with us in South Divinity.It was "Stuffy" Place, I think, with dapper Joe Hazen,who planned a "house-meeting," that bed-time call onthe Dean.Word was circulated in mid evening : "At 9 :30 everybody gets ready for bed. Then the 'gang' calls to sayGood-night to the Dean. Understand?"Beynon and I did not fully "understand," but wethought worlds of the Dean. And, following instructions,put on our pajamas.We were there amongst the first. The Dean, peeringover his glasses, opened the door. 'Oh, it's you, boys !Glad to see you. Come right in!" And he found chairsfor us. We began to apologize — both of us being itinerants — for our lack of neighborliness, when anotherknock came. Two more wags, trying to appear casual,were admitted and assigned seats. This pair, in deferenceto the occasion, wore four-in-hand ties over theirpajamas.Imagine the suppressed humor as the crowd grew,each pair being held under cover until the door closedafter those preceding. The Dean, embarrassed by adearth of chairs, was put to explaning. New arrivals,however — it was a South D. custom — took to the floorIndian fashion. Our host, the one Simon pure wit ofthe lot, played up to his part with consummate art. Theboys were of one curiosity: Joe and Stuffy were yet tocome. . . .Came that robust knock. We heard the strong man'svoice : "Oh ! Some sort of a meeting. We're sorry !""Come right in," the squatters blatted with enthusiasm,and the Dean stood aside, his eyes awake with mirth.The two entered in silence. They surveyed the fewchairs, occupied for keeps — the floor, taken to a finish — the table, that was the Dean's. Their gaze roved to thebookcase and settled on its three-foot top. "I'll help youup," said Stuffy and tested his right arm cheerfully. Joe,our pattern of propriety started to climb!The House, bottled up under threat, exploded with aroar. We rolled over and over with mirth. Yet everyone was observing the Dean, laughing with the best ofus, himself again.When we left him finally, it was apparent that he couldsleep that night at least.But South D. had one crime ahead which we wouldwant to live down. President Harper's name, by curiousjuvenile reasoning, appeared on our roster as "HallCounselor!" It is to the boys' credit that having discovered how he was burdened they loaded no hall dutiesupon his shoulders.Parenthetically I recall that Canadian (or was heScotch!) who in need of coaching in Hebrew, held upPrexy after class. Out came the date-book. Today wasfilled. Also tomorrow — "unless we get up a bit earlier !""Mac" would miss that smile under those ultra-thickglasses."Thanks, Sir!"But he was to learn that "a bit earlier", for PresidentHarper meant Three A. M. ! I can imagine Mac gettingthe watchman to call him — once !But I started to tell about Prexy as counselor.It was a night of a summer term. Several of us werein the parlor taking a glance at the papers, commenting,lounging — some young fellow eating peanuts — all of usin negligee. Into this plebeian midst walked Doctor Gray."Doc" Was our "exhibit A," one of those Brains witha Ph.D. who actually craved more ! He was back fromsome party, clad in boiled shirt, claw-hammer — and thelike. I remember how we posed him round and round,admiringly.One must note that we had certain juvenile spirits inthe ordered piety of our midst. Also, that there wereextant traits amongst older ones suggesting "Sint" Paul's"law in my members." For "base fellows" began discussing the propriety of a house-meeting. Doc's clothesmerited attention. A raucous "Yaw-hoo! Everybodyout!" brought hall residents down on a run.I regret the levity with which the problem was discussed. Gray himself was swept into line. The climaxcame with some Merrifield-like comment that such amatter demanded the presence of our in absentia counselor.Doctor Harper ! The Hall held its breath. Here wasskull-duggery reminiscent of cave days. And the youngsters prevailed! Gray in person, as the one suitablydressed, was to go to Prexy's — 10 P. M., mind you! to"remind" him that South Divinity was "waiting" !Gray admitted afterward that it required all his "face"and some rehearsing. He rang the presidential doorbell and was informed that the Doctor was amongstguests. He agreed to speak to him at the door, and therewhispered his story. President Harper, who probably(Continued on Page 19)THE CHAPEL UNION• By William H. Speck, '40, and Herbert (Bud) Larson, '38UNLESS you have kept quite well acquainted withthe growth and changes within the sphere of student activities, it is quite probable that you arenot aware of a dominant new force now existent oncampus. Despite its recent vintage, the Chapel Unionis now one of the largest of student groups, and onewhich rivals only the fraternity-club system as the provider of a comprehensive recreational program for alarge number of students. It may even be indicativeof a new trend in student social life. This is an obviousconclusion if the recent past can be used to predict thenear future.In tracing the rise of the Chapel Union we must goback to its predecessors. For years and years the University's Rockefeller Memorial Chapel, built to be thearchitectural center of the campus, remained withoutmore than a passing influence on the students in general, and it was aloof from campus life. It did not immediately become the spiritual center of the University.True, the Chapel Council provided a group for religiousand philosophical discussion, but since it was an electivegroup, it never had more than a handful of members.The YWCA, though a going institution, was by itsconstituency unsuited to take leadership in a coeducational program.The inability of these established groups to provide theneeded program of personal and social growth for students showed itself in the independent formation of temporary groups for outings, dinners, and discussion ofsocial problems. The focus of these temporary groupshad been the home of Dean and Mrs. Gilkey, to whichstudents had often gone for freshman receptions, teas,or help in personal problems.Toward the end of the 1935-36 school year a groupof campus leaders who had previously taken advantageof the friendliness of the Gilkey home proposed to integrate these scattered activities and a few new ones intoa general program which would represent the influenceof the religious spirit in campus life. That program grewin the minds of the proposers during the summer, andthe next fall it blossomed forth as the Chapel Union, anorganization of all members of the campus communityto help make the Chapel an energizing force and thecenter in University life.The growth of the Union has been nothing short ofphenomenal once it conquered a slow and difficult start.The first formal meeting under the auspices of the ChapelUnion was held during Freshman Week, 1936, in theCloister Club of Ida Noyes Hall. Here, after a banquet,a group of students held a round-table discussion of theproposed organization's functions. The interest arousedthat night slowly crystallized, and gradually the presentprogram and organization developed.But before the end of the short school year it hadfound itself, and by the end of the year the ChapelUnion had a mailing list membership of about 150, anestablished leadership group, a going program, and the gradually developing respect of the campus. Its program had included outings to Palos Park and the Dunes,student-faculty teas, a student-faculty table in Hutchinson Commons, religious discussions at the Gilkey's, socialproblems discussions in other faculty homes, picnics, barndances, and general Sunday evening meeting for a get-together of all members. To> carry out this programthere were numerous working committees of some fiftyactive members. The Chapel Union had become a campus force. Its activities, once halting and indifferentlysupported, now commanded extensive participation, andall in the short period of the nine school months.Today, only a year later, the Chapel Union has about475 faculty, student, and employee members on its mailing lists, and it contacts many others through its widelyvaried activities. The organization now consists of anexecutive committee of four, a board of about twentycommittee heads and student leaders, and more than ahundred active committee members. Its program hasexpanded to include the original Chapel Council's religious discussions, much informal recreation, a programof discussion of social problems and action on them, aseries of weekend outings, and a program to promotethe mutual acquaintance of students and faculty. It hasstimulated and jointly sponsored a series of five lecturesby Chicago authorities on "Preparation for Marriage,"which were well attended by the campus at large. ArthurHolly Compton, Henry Nelson Weiman, Paul Douglas,Harry Gideonse, Jerome Kerwin, and Edith Abbott areamong the faculty members who have spoken to groupsthis year. Harvey Lemon (Physics), and Mary Gilson(Social Sciences) are known as two of the Chapel Union's staunchest faculty supporters.The Union's position in campus opinion is indicatedby the increasing number who predict that such democratic campus organizations as the American StudentUnion and the Chapel Union may ultimately replace theolder and more exclusive fraternity-club system. Theheterogeneity of the University community makes thisalmost a necessity.The aspect of the Union's activity best known to theUniversity at large is its recreational program. "Maw,let's go to the Chapel Union Barn Dance" reads a recent advertisement. Maybe "Maw" went, but "UncleEzra" could have gone anyway, because the barn dancesare informal and dateless. A pair of overalls, a springystep, and a head not easily touched by dizziness areall that are necessary to swing and ringo to the squaredance call of Hill-billies Turk Morill and Slim Acree.When all participants are winded, they flop on the floorfor a glass of cider and a good sing under the directionof their leader, Californian ambassador of good feeling,Johnny Van de Water. Or, perhaps, the student follows a morning hike through the Palos Hills with anafternoon of discussion of labor problems with facultymembers and other students. Such a program sends,,him back to his class work with a new drive and the18THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 19anticipation of other good times to come. Skating parties,beach picnics, hay rides, splash parties, game and funmeetings — all these are combined in the Union's programto bring men and women together in congenial recreation.And on the more serious side, with the belief in mindthat college life is an intensive preparation for life inthe outside world, and to acquaint these students withexisting social problems and social responsibilities, theUnion also provides meetings for investigation of social,economic, and political problems. Usually these discussions take place on Sunday evenings in the home of somefaculty member where a group of interested studentsgather to listen to and to question an authority in someparticular field. One week, for example, Clifford Shaw,active in the study of juvenile delinquency in Chicago,may be discussing his work at the home of Dr. DudleyB. Reed of the Student Health Service. Then, again,Miss Lillian Herstein, U. S. worker-delegate to theInternational Labor Organization conference, may havea group at her home discussing her experiences inGeneva. To facilitate this sort of thing, the ChapelUnion has formed the Social Problems Council, which,it hopes, will become an organization for the discussionof social problems in a liberal manner and may, ultimately, take steps toward their solutions. This discussion of problems with the purpose of doing somethingabout them has become a very important facet of ChapelUnion activity.But, you may ask, why the Chapel Union? What isits connection with religion? This confusion is widespread. Few, even among the active leaders of theUnion, have thought through the religious connotationsof their work. True, ;t has the active support of ChapelDean Gilkey. True, it works through the Chapel officeand has advisers from the Chapel staff. But its firstclaim to being a religious organization arises from thereligious discussion it conducts, to promote an understanding of the meaning of religion in modern life. OneSunday evening at the Gilkeys', Clarence B. Randall,vice-president of the Inland Steel Company and a Uni-TYPICAL CHAPEL UNION GATHERINGDean Leon P. Smith, Dean Charles W. Gilkey, Professor Mary B.Gilson, and student Margaret Hamilton. versity trustee, told what religion meant to him. Subsequently, Lawyer Henry F. Chandler, Mrs. Norris L.Tibbetts, and professional and business leaders of thecommunity have explained to students how religion hasaffected their lives. Supplementing these religious discussions, Chapel Union participates ii the Sunday morning Chapel services.Yet, perhaps, these claims of the Chapel Union tobeing a religious organization may seem weak. Themajor part of its activities would seem to many to beoutside or even opposed to the real sphere of religion.Not so, say Union members! They aim to apply theprinciples of religion to' everyday life. Religion is,after all, not all worship. It is an active living in sucha way as to get the very most out of life for yourselfand to help others to get as much as they can for themselves. The Chapel Union is an attempt to translatebasic religious beliefs into practical living.The first purpose of the Chapel Union is, then, to helpeach student to build himself that he may both get andgive the most out of his future life. Their second purpose is to help in building a University community. Individuals alone soon lose their morale and drift withthe crowd. A real need is to form in and around theUniversity a community life to which students and faculty may feel that they belong and hence attain a bettermutual understanding of each other's problems. It isan attempt to break down some of the cold impersonalityon a large urban campus. To accomplish these ends theUnion relies on a religious frame of reference which, itbelieves, is better for its purposes than any other frameso far devised. To sum it up, here are the leader,Johnny Van de Water's words : "Personally, I'd say thatthe emphasis on the value of a well-rounded program—which attempts to build neither a ham athlete nor a bookworm and neither a religious fanatic nor a social lion of,the drug-store cowboy variety — is of the utmost value!"And by its growth and acceptance on campus, even acasual observer can see that the Chapel Union is wellsucceeding in achieving its purposes.It's Worth Your Best!(Continued from Page 17)never had forgotten an engagement in his life, wasaghast. Excusing himself from his guests, and withGray's clothes as his hunch, he struggled into his ownregimentals and reported breathless to the now conscience-stricken preacher.It was but a short block to South D ; and the "meeting" was a short story. Prexy was taken back at discovering the gang in undress ; yet, like the great sport weknew him to be, fell to devouring peanuts and pop asthough Mrs. Harper had starved him. He even cheeredus out of our belated sense of effrontery. And when,after half-an-hour's fun, he started for home and wasescorted by the entire "gang," he was happy — I am, gladto believe — to have been claimed as "one of the boys."1938 REUNION PROGRAMThursday, May 266:30 P.M. Annual Dinner, School of Business, Cloister Club, Ida Noyes HallGuest Speaker : Paul G. Hoffman, President of the Studebaker Corporation and Trusteeof the UniversityTuesday, May 312:30 P.M. The Alumni School— Mandel HallWelcoming address by Reunion Chairman, John William Chapman, and introduction ofBenjamin Franklin Bills as Director of the 1938 Alumni School2 :40 P.M. The Attack on Unemployment and Plans for Social Security in America and Great BritainPresiding :Sophonisba P. Breckinridge, Samuel Deutsch Professor Emeritus of Public Welfare Administration.Speakers :Grace Abbott, Professor of Public Welfare AdministrationFrank Bane, Executive Director, Federal Social Security Board and Lecturer in the School ofSocial Service AdministrationRonald Davison, Member of the London School of Economics and of the British Ministry ofLabor, Visiting Lecturer in Social Insurance in the School of Social Service Administration6:00 P.M. Alumni School Dinner — Hutchinson Commons ($0.75)Guest Speaker:' Mortimer J: AdlerSubject: Reading8:00 P.M. The Alumni School— Mandel HallFederal Relations of Education Floyd W. ReevesNeeded Experimentation in Secondary Education Ralph W. TylerConfusion and Chaos in American Education Harry D. GideonseWednesday, June 110:30 A.M. Backstage at the University; The Tour starts from the Reynolds Club .A visit to Maud Slye's cancer prevention laboratories. Miss Slye will personally introduce thetourists to her 8,000 mice assistants.2:30 P.M. The Alumni School— Mandel HallThe Plants Are Not So Dumb George K. K. LinkThe Wisdom of the Animal Body and Some Follies of Man (Sex Hormones) . . .Carl R. MooreAn Assist from Mr. Whale Eugene M. K. GeilingThe Hairy Ape and Other Allies Heinrich KluverAttitudes: Why We Get That Way Louis L. Thurstone6:00 P.M. Alumni School Dinner — Hutchinson Commons ($0.75)Guest Speaker : Alfred E. EmersonSubject: Our Social Superiors — The Termites8:00 P.M. The Alumni School— Mandel HallBones (not dry) Franklin C. McLeanCulture via Tissue Culture William BloomThe Inherited Defenses, What Can We Do for Them? Paul R. CannonBiology for Babies or What Every Chicago Freshman Will Know Merle C. CoulterThe Expanding Battle Line in Biology Anton J. CarlsonThursday, June 210:30 A.M. Backstage at the University; The Tour starts from the Reynolds ClubA visit to Dr. Buswell's eye movement laboratories where reading habits are scientifically analyzed and corrected.2:30 P.M. The Alumni School— Mandel HallThe Ground Between Monopoly and Competition Theodore O. YntemaCauses of Imperfect Competition (NRA, AAA, Labor Unions, etc.) Raleigh W. StoneA Program for Dealing zvith Imperfect Competition Henry C. Simons3 :00 P.M. Alumni-Varsity Baseball Game, Greenwood Field4:00-6:00 Reception honoring Mr. and Mrs. Amos Alonzo Stagg— Quadrangle Club5 :30-6 :30 Gathering of the Order of the "C," Stagg Field6:00 P.M. Alumni School Buffet Supper— Reynolds Club Lounge ($0.75)Guest Speaker : James Weber LinnSubject : The Amateur in Politics20THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 216:30 P.M. Annual Dinner, The Order of the C, Hutchinson CommonsGuest of Honor: Amos Alonzo StaggAnnual Dinner, ¦Women's Athletic Association, Cloister Club8:00 P.M. The Alumni School— Mandel HallThe Public Service and the Party Machine Leonard D. WhiteA Philosophy for Politics T. V. SmithLeadership for American Life Charles E. MerriamFriday, June 39:00 A.M. South Side Medical Alumni, The University Clinics* Pro gram of papers by Faculty Members10:30 A.M. Backstage at the University; The Tour starts from the Reynolds ClubA visit to Dr. Raney's microphotographic laboratory where tons of newspapers are being transferred to film.12:30 P.M. Alumni Conference Luncheon, Solarium, The Quadrangle Club2 :00 P.M. South Side Medical Alumni, The University Clinics^Program of papers by members of the alumni association.2:30 P.M. The Alumni School— Mandel HallCollective Security in the World Crisis Quincy WrightA Constructive Foreign Policy for the United States. Walter H. C. LavesAmerica Looks at the Garrison State Harold D. Lasswell6:00 P.M. Alumni School Dinner — Hutchinson Commons ($0.75)Guest Speaker: Paul H. DouglasSubject : The Coming European WarClass of 1913 Silver Jubilee Banquet, Ballroom of the Sherry HotelClass of 1918 Dinner, Solarium, The Quadrangle ClubClass of 1928 Dinner, International HouseAnnual Dinner, University Aides, Ida Noyes Hall6:30 P.M. Annual Banquet, South Side Medical Alumni Association, Judson Court Dining RoomSpeakers : Doctors Preston Kyes, Dallas B. Phemister, Wilbur E. Post, and Mr. CharlesScott, President of the Class of 1938.Class of 1933 Smorgasbord and Buffet Supper, Reynolds Club LoungeClass of 1935 Informal Reception, Del Prado Hotel7:00 P.M. Class of 1935 Dinner, Del Prado Hotel7:30 P.M. Band Concert, The University Band, Hutchinson Court8 :30 P M. The Alumni School, Mandel HallShowing of Sound Pictures in the Biological SciencesReproduction Among Mammals. Digestion.9:00 P.M. The British Attitude Toward European Problems Bernadotte E. SchmittThe March of Facism Guiseppe A. Borgese^Complete Program of South Side Medical Association on Page 38Saturday, June 48:00-9:00 A.M. Breakfast for Regional Advisers and Club Delegates, Judson Court9:00 A.M. Eighth Annual Alumni Conference, Judson Court Lounge11:30 A.M. Alumnae Reunion, Ida Noyes Hall12:00 M. The Alumnae Breakfast, The Cloister Club.Speaker : Mrs. Edith Foster Flint, Professor of English12:30 P.M. Alumni Conference Luncheon, Judson CourtAnnual Luncheon Classes of 1916-17, The Coffee Shop2:00 P.M. Annual Baseball Game, 1916 vs 19173:30 P.M. The Alumni Assembly, Mandel HallJohn William Chapman, '15, JD '17, General Chairman of the 1938 ReunionProgramA Forum — Student Life at the UniversityPresiding: Leon P. Smith, PhD '30, Assistant Dean of StudentsSix members of the Student Body will participate in the discussion.Annual Address of the President of the UniversityRobert Maynard Hutchins6:0fr P.M. Sunset Supper, Buffet and Cafeteria Service, Hutchinson CommonsClass of 1903 Dinner, Private Dining Room, Hutchinson CommonsFraternity and Club Reunions6:30 P.M. Dinner, Association of the Doctors of Philosophy, The Quadrangle ClubSpeaker : Shirley J. Case, Dean of the Divinity School7:30 P.M. Band Concert,. University of Chicago Band, Hutchinson Court22 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE8:45 P.M. Twenty-eighth Annual University Sing, Hutchinson Court10:00 P.M. Induction of Aides and MarshalsAwards of Cups to Winning FraternitiesAward of C. Blankets to Graduating AthletesAlma Mater10:15 P.M. Class of 1937 Reunion Round-up, Hutchinson CommonsDancing to which all alumni are invited— a modest admission fee is chargedSunday, June 510:00 A.M. Convocation Prayer Service, The University Chapel11:00 A.M. University Religious ServiceUniversity Preacher, Dean Charles W. Gilkey4:00 P.M. Carillon RecitalFrederick L. Marriott, Carillonneur4:30 P.M. Organ Recital, The University ChapelMonday, June 6*Rush Alumni Graduate Assembly "9 to 11 A.M. Clinics — Presbyterian, Cook County and Washington Blvd. Hospitals11 to 1 P.M. General Discussions — North Amphitheatre, Rush Medical College2 to 4 P.M. Clinics — Presbyterian Hospital6:45 P.M. Dinner, School of Social Service Administration, Hutchinson CommonsTuesday, June 7*Rush Alumni Graduate Assembly9 to 11 A.M. Clinics — Presbyterian, Cook County, Michael Reese, St. Luke's Hospitals11 to 1 P.M. General Discussions, North Amphitheatre, Rush2 to 4 P.M. Clinics, Cook County Hospital and North Amphitheatre, Rush Medical College5 :30 P.M. Annual Business Meeting, Rush Alumni Association, Drake Hotel6:30 P.M. Rush Faculty-Alumni Dinner, Drake Hotel^Complete program of the Rush Alumni Graduate Assembly on Page 36Thursday, June 97:00 P.M. Annual Dinner, Phi Beta Kappa, Judson CourtSpeaker: Shirley J. Case, Dean of the Divinity SchoolFriday, June 1011 :00 A.M. The Conferring of Higher Degrees3 :00 P.M. The Conferring of Bachelors' Degrees4:30 P.M. The Convocation Reception6:30 P.M. Annual Dinner, The Law School AssociationSpeaker : William B. Benton, Vice-President, The University of ChicagoBriefcase and Toothbrush (Continued from Page 5)has been said before but it can be said again that thereis more room for politicians who are competent and forpoliticians who are more than compromisers.How should the professor fit in with all this? Wecan assume that he knows what politicians are, that civilservice expansion is still in the future and that the politician will compromise the expert before compromisinghimself. We can conclude, at least tentatively, that theprofessor should advise politicians as long as he feelsthat what he is doing is in the public service. Economist Paul Douglas, for example, will pack briefcase andtoothbrush and journey to Washington to testify before the Senate unemployment committee to describe hisprogram for a revival of building activity, or EconomistJacob Viner may resume at some future date his trips to Washington to give solicited advice to the Treasury department. In the realm of administration, where he feelsmore at home, the professor is likely to spend more time.How much time should the professor give to the publicservice? Robert Maynard Hutchins has said that theextent to which a professor becomes something else thana professor he must become less frequently right. Eachprofessor has to decide the question of time for himself.His university cannot decide for him because as an individual the professor has an inviolable right to do andsay what he wishes as long as he fulfills his universityduties. Certainly it can be said, however, that when aprofessor's activities outside the university become moreimportant to him than his duties in it, he is no longercontributing his share to- the welfare of the university.ATHLETICS• By PAUL MAC LEANScores :GymnasticsN. C. A. A. meet: Chicago 1stBaseballChicago, 3; DePauw, 4Chicago, 6; Illinois Wesleyan, 3Chicago, 3; Illinois Wesleyan, 8Chicago, 7; Illinois Wesleyan, 6Chicago, 2; Illinois Normal, 3Chicago, 4; Wheaton, 3Chicago, 0; Armour, 4Chicago, 2; Notre Dame, 3WrestlingN. C. A. A. meet : Chicago, 10thCentral A. A. U. meet: Chicago, 2ndTrackCentral A. A. U. meet: Chicago, 1stTennisChicago, 7; George Williams, 0UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO athletic teamsmade creditable showings during the past month.Topping the list was Coach Daniel L. Hoffer'sgym team which won the national intercollegiate title inthe inaugural meet on the Midway.Scoring 22 points, Chicago nosed out Illinois to winthe first intercollegiate crown in the country. Teamsscored as follows: Chicago, 22; Illinois, 18; Army, 12;Minnesota (Big Ten champion), 9; Temple, 8; University of Southern California, 3 ; Gustavus Adolphus,3, and Washington (St. Louis), 2.Co-Captain Erwin Beyer almost single-handed wonthe team title for Chicago. He took second in the all-around championship, first in the side horse, long horseand parallel bars, and fourth in the flying rings andtumbling. He lost the all-around championship to JoeGiallombardo of Illinois, Big Ten title holder.Although the Maroon wrestling team gained but afourth place tie in the Big Ten conference, it showedimprovement in national intercollegiate competition.Against the best college representation in the country,Chicago finished tenth in the N. C. A. A. meet at PennState college, ahead of Franklin Marshall, Princeton,Iowa State, Iowa State Teachers, Nebraska and Syracuse.Bob Finwall, clever 145-pound Maroon mat man,went into the finals in that division. He lost a closedecision to Henson of Oklahoma A & M, defendingchampion and voted the most outstanding collegewrestler in 1937. Oklahoma A & M won the team titlefor the ninth time in eleven years.The Maroon wrestling team also took second placein the Central A. A. U. meet. Bob Finwall won the145-pound title and Gil, his brother, gained second placein the 135-pound classification. Coach Ned Merriam's track team, which won seventhplace in the conference indoor championships, is headedfor a more successful outdoor season. Scoring 31j4points in the Central A. A. U. meet, the team won tophonors. In the Armour Relays, John Davenport wonthe 100-yards dash, Capt. George Halcrow the 440-yardsrun, and the mile relay team its event.Davenport, participating in varsity competition forthe first time, already holds the conference indoors60-yards dash title. Coach Merriam expects the speedysophomore from Cedar Rapids, Iowa to run the 100-yards dash in :9.8 and the 220 in :21.5.Bob Wasem, who did not compete during the indoorseason because of a fractured ankle, is rounding intoshape for the spring events. He will bolster the Maroonmile relay team and will be a formidable performer inthe high hurdles, javelin, and quarter mile.Capt. Halcrow, conference 440 champion; MathewKobak, hurdler and broad jumper ; Russell Parsons, highhurdler, and John Webster, half miler, are others on theMaroon squad who will win points in spring competition.Chicago's baseball team, despite its poor early seasonshowing, is expected to improve sufficiently to offerlively competition in the conference. Coach Kyle Anderson has strong batteries and needs only to steadyinfield play to have a fairly well balanced nine. Theloss of Capt. French White, one of the outstandingshortstops in the conference, was a hard blow to theMaroon team.Bob Reynolds has pitched two three-hit games thisseason and lost both of them. Paul Amundsen, Chicago's other pitching ace, lost a close game to NotreDame when costly infield blunders paved the way for aninth inning Irish rally.The University's conference championship tennis teamis in top shape for the spring season and should haveless trouble than a year ago in annexing the Big Tencrown. Coach Walter H. Hebert will use Bill Murphy,Chester Murphy, Capt. John Shostrom, Art Jorgenson,John Kreitenstein, and Charles Shostrom in the ordernamed.Football is echoing on the quadrangles this spring withgreater fervor than for several years. The spring practice is proving successful with from 15 to 25 playersdrilling daily. Coach Clark D. Shaughnessy has somepromising new material which he hopes will be availablethis fall when Chicago commences its tough and interesting eight-game schedule.Among the best of the newcomers in the Maroonspring camp are Howard Hawkins, a transfer fromMichigan State, being groomed for fullback; WalterMaurovich, former Lindblom high school player and atransfer from the University of Washington, guard, andJohn Polajner, ineligible last year, a speedy, versatileback.2.)IN MY OPINIONBy FRED B. MILLETT, PhD'31, Visiting Professor of English, Wesleyan UniversityIT is surely a matter for indubitable congratulationthat a great many works of art exist to which apurely aesthetic approach is appropriate and adequate. In such delectable poems as Herrick's "Corinna'sgoing a-Maying," Wordsworth's "I wandered lonely asa cloud," or Keats's "The Eve of St. Agnes," it wouldbe difficult, if not impossible, to discover philosophical generalizationsabout the nature of man or the world,or the place of man in the world. Asin such examples of the pictorial artsas Whistler's Nocturnes or Monet'sNenuphars, it would be preposterousto raise the moral-philosophical issue.Not all works of art, then, containtruths or doctrines with which it is impossible to deal on merely aestheticterms.1But in literary works of any extent,particularly in works of art which represent characters in action, the relations of the characters and the natureof their actions are bound to haveethical connotations which may arousemoral approbation or indignation, even though no moraltruth has been expressed explicitly. Moreover, manyvery brief poems, most narrative and dramatic works,and certainly all such didactic works as Pope's Essay onMam or the offerings in church hymnals contain numerous implicit and frequently many explicit truths or doctrines with which the critic must deal if he is not toignore one of the undoubted values that works of artembody.2The types of truths which at one or another time havecreated critical difficulties may be classed roughly asreligious, philosophical, political, and ethical. The particular variety of ethical truth that provokes the mostfrequent controversy is that rising out of sexual behavior, although, at the moment, the presence of politicaltruths in works of art is the chief cause of criticalbewilderment. Success in coping with truths of whatever sort will be achieved only if the critical proceduredepends on the most tenable aesthetic proposition discoverable.One proposition that has been put forward with regardto the relationship between art and truth is that therecan be or should be no relationship between them. Defenders of this principle invoke the authority of no lessdistinguished a philosopher than Plato, who, at least incertain dialogues, denied the power of works of art toconvey truths, because of the remoteness of art from thefinal Platonic reality. From this source has stemmed aseries of puritanical attacks on the arts as so essentiallyfrivolous and insignificant as to be worthless, if notactually noxious. Adherents of the theory that art shouldnot attempt to present truths belong, in the main, to the aesthetic or the decadent group. The decadent positionreveals itself upon analysis to mean the exclusion fromthe arts of truths unpalatable to the decadents and theinclusion of their own pet truths. It is only to theinclusion of conventional or sentimentalized moral truthsthat the decadent object. To the embodiment in worksof art of truths conventionally regarded as immoral or subversive, thedecadents raise no objections: indeed,they devote their energies to the propagation of such truths. When, on theother hand, an aesthete like GeorgeMoore sets out to exclude from hisAnthology of Pure Poetry all poetrycontaining doctrinal elements, the impoverished character of the result suggests the essential inadequacy of theprinciple of selection. The pureaesthete's contention that art shouldnot concern itself with the persuasivecommunication of truths rests, finally,on the untenable assumption, not onlythat the aesthetic man can be isolatedfrom the economic or the moral man,but also that there is no cross influence, no interplay ofsignificant experience between the aesthetic and the economic, or the aesthetic and the moral man. The impossibility of isolating the aesthetic state has been sufficientlydemonstrated by I. A. Richards in his Principles ofLiterary Criticism. The principle of the separation ofart and truth is unsound, because it assumes an isolationof the aesthetic experience, an illusory abstraction fromexperience, because its application involves the exclusionof major works of art of any magnitude, and because itis frequently only a camouflage for the inclusion of unconventional or immoral "truths."Probably the most popular proposition with regardto the relation between art and truth is that art shouldrestrict itself to the expression of those truths held to beself-evident by the particular individual or organizationengaged in practical criticism. This principle underliesall efforts to censor works of art, whether the censor besuch an organization as the Legion of Decency, theCommunist Party, the Watch and Ward Society, or theSociety for the Suppression of Vice, or such super-aesthetic individuals as Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin, or thechief of police of Boston. Massachusetts. The implications of this principle are two: first, that books contain-'In the April number of this magazine, I attempted to clearthe way for a discussion of the relation between art and truth bydemonstrating that "truth" in this connection does not meanverisimilitude or a scientifically demonstrable proposition, butrather a "belief" concerning the nature of man and the universe,a belief that, however passionately maintained, is only partiallyrational in origin and is ultimately scientifically indemonstrable.2For an analysis of the kinds of value to be distinguished inworks of art, see "In My Opinion" in the lanuary issue of thismagazine.24THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 25ing my truths are good books ; second, that books containing your truths (provided that they are not minealso) are bad books. The result of an application ofthis principle is a tangle of contradictory absurdities : thecondemnation by Marxian critics of works that arebourgeois in origin or idealogy ; the destruction of liberalor radical works in Italy or Germany, in Montreal orPittsburgh ; the legal suppression and persecution of suchworks as D. H. Lawrence's The Rainbow and JamesJoyce's Ulysses; the banning of The Green Pastures bythe Lord Chamberlain of England ; the petty censorshipand blacklisting of books by customs officials and publiclibrarians from New York to Traverse City.The implications in such a principle need hardly to beexpressed to reveal their absurdity. Fundamentally, theprinciple arises from a state of intellectual and spiritualarrogance that confers upon a particular system ofpolitical and ethical ideas the character of infallibility. Itsapplication necessitates the consideration and exaltationof the moral value of a work to the exclusion of a consideration of its aesthetic values. It involves, forinstance, the evaluation of religious poetry in terms ofits theological soundness and not in terms of its aestheticeffectiveness, or of a radical novel or play in terms ofits fidelity to orthodox or unorthodox political tenets.Hence arise the banality arid bathos of most of the hymnsand poetry favored by clergymen and other professionaldealers in inspiration, and the crudity and obviousnessof most left-wing literature. Tenacious adherence to thisprinciple results in a deliberate narrowing of one's educative aesthetic experience and a progressive desiccation,not merely of the aesthetic but of the ideational andmoral aspects of the personality.The most tenable of all the propositions concerning therelation between art and truth is that truths in art are ofvalue whether they are the writer's truths or the reader'struths, and whether or not the reader's and the writer'struths coincide. The question will immediately be raisedas to how truths alien to the reader can have any valuefor him. They can have no value for him, of course, ifhe closes his mind completely to them. They can be ofvalue to him only if he gives himself to them, allowsthem to operate upon him without inhibition. If, inother words, he trains himself in a willing suspension ofbelief in his own truths and a willing, though momentary,adoption of truths that are not identical with his ownbeliefs, all sorts of desirable consequences may ensue:the increased plasticity of his moral personality; thedevelopment of tolerance of ideas alien to his own; theextension, not the wilful limitation, of his emotional andideational experience; the refinement and subtilizationof his critical responses; the ultimate profound enrichment of his personality. Such a procedure should makeit possible for the atheist to understand and enjoy thereligious poetry of John Donne, the ascetic to appreciatethe paganism of Omar Khayyam, the Marxian to delightin the psychological subtleties of that grand old parasite, Henry James, the normal personality to tolerate the abnormality of Proust's Cities of the Plain, the optimist tofind illumination in the pessimism of Hardy's TheDynasts or Huxley's Point Counterpoint.But even though all truths in works of art should begiven a courteous, attentive, and sympathetic hearing,not all truths in works of art are equally valuable. It isas important to discriminate between the values of truthsin works of art as it is to discriminate between degreesof other kinds of excellence in art. The problem of discrimination is difficult but not impossible, provided thecritic realizes that it is not his job to decide upon thevalidity of the truths but upon their psychologicalutility. Certain elements condition the values of suchtruths. There seems, for example, to be a fairly highcorrelation between the physical magnitude of a workof art and its ideational grandeur. Instances, of course,will immediately come to mind of works of art verymodest in size with a high intellectual content and ofworks of art on a large scale that are painfully devoidof ideas. But, at any rate, a work very modest in sizecan hardly be expected to embody and communicate avery rich or complex world-view, although romanticallyexpansive poets like Wordsworth and Tennyson haveattempted to press infinite riches into a little room.Smaller works of art may properly express simple, intensely felt, though limited and incomplete truths. Worksconsiderable in extent may be expected to embody a moreinclusive, complex, and balanced reading of life. Grantedthat such works as Swift's Gulliver's Travels and Huxley's Point Counterpoint hardly manifest an unbiasedview of man and his behavior. The satirical intentionthat encourages in these works the worm's-eye view oflife justifies their exception from the general rule.But it is not merely a variety of possible views of lifethat we may expect to find in works of some magnitude.It is not enough to recognize the legitimacy of the opposition in Shakespeare's King Lear between the moralityof Edgar'sThe gods are just, and of our pleasant vicesMake instruments to scourge usand that of Gloucester'sAs flies to wanton boys are we to th' gods.They kill us for their sport.We may also hope that the multiplicity of views, pessimistic and optimistic, cynical and sentimental, bawdyand ascetic, shall by the largeness of the author's spiritand the power of his transforming imagination be fusedinto a harmony that, for the moment, is as compellingand climactic as the resounding finale of a symphony.Such an effect of harmonization of seemingly contradictory elements is inevitably infrequent, but when itoccurs,- as in Shakespeare's King Lear, Homer'sOdyssey, or Joyce's Ulysses, the achievement addsstature to the human spirit, reveals an heroic significancein nian's eternal adventure.NEWS OF THE QUADRANGLESWHEN the American Council of Education in1934 published its rating of American universities, it gave no "distinguished" star to the department of philosophy of the University of Chicago.Nor did Edwin R. Embree's appraisal of the next yeargive the department a star. But if any rating were madetoday, the award would be automatic. The final movein the rebuilding of philosophy on the Midway camethis month with the announcement by President Hutchins of the appointment of Bertrand Russell as a visitingprofessor. Mr. Russell will teach here in the autumnand winter quarters of the next academic year. Hisacquisition means that Chicago has the world's outstanding group of logicians: Russell; Dr. Rudolph Carnap,the leader of the logical-positivist school, and Dr. Mor-*ris R. Cohen. Also appointed to the department wasWerner W. Jaeger, who heretofore has held an appointment only as professor of Greek. Drs. Jaeger andCarnap were among the sixty-two scholars given honorary degrees at the Harvard Tercentenary.Since 1931, nine appointments have been made to thephilosophy department. A section of the Universitywhich was weakened by death, resignation, and retirement has been rebuilt in spectacular fashion. The workof rebuilding was delayed for a time because of the inability of the department and the administration to agreeon the type of appointment. But once the process startedit proceeded rapidly. Provision has been made for outstanding work in every field of philosophical study;there has been no lopsided emphasis on adherents of anyone "school."Mr. Russell is one of the most brilliant of living philosophers and mathematicians. And thenewly acquired faculty member hashad a fiery career. He was in prisonfor six months because he opposedconscription in the world war; in1931 he became the third Earl Russell. His paeifistic beliefs cost himhis lectureship at Cambridge, andcaused the British government to refuse him a passport when Harvardoffered him appointment during thewar. A noted mathematician, heapplied the logic of that science tophilosophy. With Alfred Whiteheadhe wrote the Principia Mathematica,which can, with fair accuracy, bedescribed as the foundation of thelogical school of thought. Dr. Carnap, formerly of Vienna and the German University in Prague, has beenforemost of the group revising andperfecting the method 6f logical analysis. Dr. Cohen is one of the most NOW A NIGHTBROADCASTThe University of ChicagoRound TableBeginning Sunday, May 8, andcontinuing through the summer,the Round Table will be broadcast 9:30 to 10:00 o'clock atnight, Central DAYLIGHT Time.(8:30 Central Standard Time).Because of the changes in radioprograms caused by daylighttime, if is not possible at presentto list the NBC stations carryingthe Round Table. Consult yourlocal paper's listings. If yourlocal station is not continuing theprogram on the new time, yourexpression of interest to the station may lead if to do so.• By WILLIAM V. MORGENSTERN, '20, JD '22eminent of the logicians who criticizes the more extremeand novel parts of the Russell- Whitehead analysis andthe more recent works by Dr. Carnap.As now constituted, the department of philosophy hasan eminent array: Richard P. McKeon, (also Dean ofthe Division of Humanities and professor of Greek) ;Professor T. V. Smith; Charles W. Morris, associateprofessor; Charner M. Perry, A. Cornelius Benjamin,and Charles Hartshorne, assistant professors, and Professors Russell, Carnap, Jaeger, and Cohen.DEVELOP PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENTThe department of psychology attained a star in allthe rankings. To insure that the department would retainits place, the University recently took steps for its development. Louis L. Thurstone, famous for his workin analyzing human traits and measuring intelligence,will be given responsibility for the development. Dr.Thurstone was this month appointed to succeed Dr.Judd as holder of the Charles F. Grey DistinguishedService Professorship. Though he does not assume thetitle of chairman of the department, the responsibilityfor its program becomes his when Dr. Harvey Carrreaches the retiring age at the end of the summer quarter. Like so many other sciences, Professor Thurstonepoints out, psychology has biological and social aspects ;good fundamental training in the one field is needed bythe specialist in the other. Psychology has now passedthe descriptive phase of its early development and isemerging into a vigorous and analytical phase in whichexperimental work is being more closely related to theunderlying phychological and physiological theories andmore emphasis is being put on mathematical and analytical methods, Dr.Thurstone said in a recent interview.Altogether, the University hassome twenty-five psychologists,apart from its department of psychiatry. Ten of this groupwill be in the psychology departmentas such, according to present plans;the others will remain in other areas,such as education and the School ofBusiness. The reformed departmentwill continue to provide for instruction of both undergraduate and graduate students and for research in allaspects of modern psychological science. Present plans contemplate thispersonnel next autumn: Dr. Thurstone; Associate Professor ForrestA. Kingsbury, Assistant ProfessorHarold A. Swenson, and Andrew W.Brown, lecturer, member of thestaff of the Institute for Juvenile Re-26THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEsearch already in the department ; the appointment as assistant professors of three psychologists of the Board ofExaminations, Harold O. Gullicksen, M. W. Richardson,and Dale L. Wolfe; Ward C. Halstead, now Instructorin Experimental Psychology, Division of Psychiatry, ofthe Otho S. A. Sprague Institute (a foundation whichis supporting the University's work in psychiatry) ; theappointment to the department of Dr. Heinrich Kliiver,associate professor of experimental psychology, who hasbeen working under the Sprague Institute, and the moreextensive utilization in psychology of Assistant Professor of Mathematical Biophysics Nicholas Rashevsky.Dr. Thurstone has just published a description of theexperimental technique by which he isolates the significant factors of human intelligence. The book is PrimaryMental Abilities; the publisher, the University of Chicago Press. Dr. Thurstone previously had publishedThe Vectors of the Mind, in which he presented his casefor the existence of seven factors of intelligence. Hisnew book confirms his first series of "dimensions" of themind, and tentatively adds two others, deduction andrestrictive ability.SUMMER QUARTER PLANSThe University is preparing for an extraordinarilyimportant Summer Quarter session providing a broadprogram of courses and a series of conference-lecturestudies and institutes on a variety of specialized problems. The quarter opens on Monday, June 20. Theschedule lists a total of 652 courses ; 1 52 in the BiologicalSciences, 119 in the Humanities; 120 in the PhysicalSciences, 132 in the Social Sciences, and 129 in the Professional Schools of Business, Law, Divinity, LibraryScience, and Social Service Administration. Four hundred and twenty-four members of the University facultyand thirty-two visiting professors will compose the teaching staff. The numerous institutes and conferences willbring many distinguished persons to the quadrangles forlectures and discussions that will augment the usualheavy lecture program.Among the visiting professors during the summer of1938 will be: Mabel V. Campbell, professor and headof the department of home economics, University ofMissouri; Joseph Warren Beach, professor of English,University of Minnesota (who will be Frederic IvesCarpenter Visiting Professor) ; Rene Etiemble, professor of French, Lycee de Beauvais ; Leo Gershoy, .associate professor of history, Long Island University ; William C. Greene, associate professor of Greek and Latin,Harvard University; Kenneth Burke, author and critic(in the English department) ; Lloyd Lewis, biographerand newspaperman (in the history department) ; HoraceG. Byers, Chief Soil Chemistry and Physics Research,U. S. Department of Agriculture (in the geography department).James Wilfred Cook, Research Institute of the RoyalCancer Hospital, London (in the chemistry department) ; W. W. Horner, professor of engineering, Washington University (in the geography department) ; Aubrey A. Douglass, professor of education and director ofgraduate studies, Claremont Colleges, California.; Mal- bone W. Graham, professor of political science, University of California at Los Angeles ; E. E. Oberholtzer,Superintendent of Schools, Houston, Tex. (in the department of education) ; Paul W. Terry, professor andhead of the department of psychology, University ofAlabama.Most extensive of the departmental course offeringswill be those of the department of education in the Division of the Social Sciences. Thirty-one members of thefaculty will teach a total of 61 courses. Studies in thecurriculum extend from the kindergarten-primary fieldthrough the university level and also in adult education.For the first time students in education will be able toearn the Master's degree without writing a thesis. Ashift in the interpretation of thesis requirements establishes an alternative to the traditional program whichcalls for a thesis— although students still may write oneif they wish. Abolition of the iron-clad requirement willhave a particular appeal to those who teach because emphasis can be devoted to a broader course of training. 'FRANK JUSTUS MILLER— 1858-1938Another of the small surviving group of originalmembers of the faculty of the University, Dr. FrankJustus Miller, professor emeritus of Latin, died April24 in Connecticut, while visiting his daughter, Mrs. JohnMaurice Clark. Dr. Miller, who was both a teacherand an administrator in the University for thirty-threeyears, was widely and affectionately known among thealumni. Always with a warm personal interest in students, he continued his contacts with the alumni afterhis retirement in 1925, and was a popular figure at reunions. Born November 26, 1858, at Clinton, Tenn.,he was educated at Dennison University and Yale, taking his Ph. D. from the latter university in 1892. Hewas brought to the University in 1892 by Dr. Harper,with rank of instructor. In 1909, he was made a professor. He served in numerous administrative positions : Assistant Examiner, 1892-96; Examiner of Affiliations, 1896-98; Dean of Affiliations, 1898-1904; Examiner for Secondary Schools, 1904. Dr. Miller wasthe editor of the Classical Journal from 1908 to 1928.After his retirement from the University he taught forseveral years at the Universities of Iowa and Missouri.His home following his retirement was in Denver. Mrs.Miller and his daughter, Mrs. Clark, wife of the professor of political science at Columbia University, survive.$50,000 TO LIBRARY SCHOOLThe Carnegie Corporation of New York has given$50,000.00 to the Graduate Library School of the University of Chicago for support of research projects. Thenew gift brings to more than $1,500,000 the contributions of the Carnegie Corporation to the School, whichthe Corporation helped to establish ten years ago. Sixresearch projects in library problems will be undertakenwith the new funds, according to the plans of Dr. LouisR. Wilson, Dean of the School.28 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE$ $TO SPENDINEUROPEONE CLASSRUN-OF-THE-SHIPThe inexpensive cost I of modern "oneclass run-of-the-ship" transportation hasbrought a trip to Europe within therange of most travel budgets. Andexperienced travelers have found thatthey have more to spend abroad bysailing "tourist class is top"on the RedStar Line.1In spite of this saving in cost youcan enjoy excellent accommodations,splendid food and service • • . and theunrestricted facilities of a fine trans?,Atlantic ship.To secure complete and comprehensive information of this modern way tohave the luxury of a trip abroad, writefor beautiful free booklet X illustratedwith over thirty photographs (many innatural color) taken on actual crossings. NEWS OF THE CLASSESS.S.PENNLANDWEEKLY SAILINGSROUND TRIP ANTWERP $189S.S. Konigstein, Gerolstem, llsensteinTOURIST CLASS IS TOPRound Trip Southampton $246— Antwerp $253S.S. Pennland, Western landYOUR LOCAL AGENT OR? RED STAR LINE ?Arnold Bernstein Line17 BATTERY PLACE, NEW YORK 1896Howard S. Brode, PhD, is professoremeritus of biology and curator of theWhitman College Museum.John F. Voigt, who is president ofthe Illinois State Bar Association thisyear, has recently returned from acruise to the Caribbean and SouthAmerica.1898 „R. Burton Opitz, SM'03, PhD?05,specialist in diseases ot the heart, maintains his offices at 35 East 84th Street,New York City. He is a consultantcardiologist "at the Lenox Hill, Englewood, Hackensack, North Hudson andChrist Hospitals of Greater New Yorkand also a consultant in medicine atCumberland Hospital.Wallace St. John, PhD'00, writes:"I am just finishing up my thirty-fifthyear here in connection with JudsonCollege and the University of Rangoon.Since I shall reach my seventieth birthday this summer I must retire, andnormally I should return to Americawithout delay. For thirty years I havebeen head of the Department of Philosophy. At various times I have beenPresident of the College, once for eightyears in succession from 1925-33. Sincethere is a shortage of American workers in the American Baptist ForeignMission Society in Burma, I have beenrequested to remain one year longer todirect the work centering aroundMaymyo, the government hill stationheadquarters of Burma. Further Ihope to complete literary work beforereturning to the States."William D. Zoethout, PhD, teachesat the Chicago College of Dental Surgery at Loyola University.1899Irving Hardesty, PhD, retired fromactive teaching at Tulane Universityin 1933.Pearl Hunter Weber, AM'20, ofOmaha, was the guest speaker at thespring convention of the NebraskaWriters' Guild in Lincoln, Nebraska,April 30. Her subject was "WhatPlato Said About Music/'1903Last fall Edward W. Allen, Seattleattorney, was appointed by PresidentRoosevelt one of the three United StatesCommissioners of the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission. Inaddition to his book The North Pacifiche has published numerous articles concerning the invasion of our Americanfisheries by alien fishermen, - a subjectwith which he has been dealing extensively this last year.William B. Ricks, 363 North WaterStreet, Gallatin, Tenn., writes that hisdaughter, Mary Elizabeth, was recentlymarried to Wesley M. Nagle, now aresearch engineer for DuPont. Rickshas been a director of the Bishop's Crusade for 1937-38 and a delegate to theConference of the M. E. Churches. 1904William B. McCallum, PhD, ischief botantist and general manager forthe American Rubber Products Company of Salinas, Calif.Paul L. Vogt is senior agriculturaleconomist for the Program Study andDiscussion Section of the AAA.1905Orville H. Brown, PhD, practicesmedicine in Phoenix, Arizona.Helena Gavin, who took her master's degree at Chicago last summer,is an instructor at the Woodrow Wilson Junior College of Chicago.1906Frederick L. Whitney, AM' 15, ofthe Colorado State College of Education, is the author of The Elements ofResearch published by Prentice-Hall in1937.1907Charles C. Guthrie, PhD, is professor of physiology and pharmacologyat the Medical School of the Universityof Pittsburgh.Professor James P. Simonds, PhD'23,who heads the Division of Pathology atNorthwestern University MedicalSchool, is president of the Institute ofMedicine of Chicago.For nearly fifteen years Anna LouiseStrong, AM, PhD'08, has resided inMoscow, Russia, where she edits theMoscow Daily News, the first Englishnewspaper in Russia. She is the authorof many books and her latest one dealswith the new Soviet constitution. Anextensive traveler, she has given manylectures in America.1908Professor Walter Van Dyke Bingham, PhD, of Stevens Institute ofTechnology, was elected chairman ofthe Editorial Board of the recently organized National Association of Applied Psychology. His book on Aptitudes and Aptitude Testing (Harpers,1937) is already in its third printing.R. R. Gates, PhD, professor of botany in the University of London, attended the Jubilee meeting of the Indian Science Congress held in Calcuttain January, 1938.1910Herman B. Deutch, PhD1' 15, newspaperman, is on the staff of The Item.New Orleans, La. Hijs publicationsinclude one novel — The Wedge, sl biography — The Incredible Yanqui, numerous magazine articles, and fictionstories.Mrs. Charles H. Poole (ElizabethFranklin) writes from 72 RooseveltAvenue, East Orange, New Jersey.Her daughter, Elizabeth, who receivedher A.B. at Chicago last summer andwas elected to Phi Beta Kappa, is nowworking in the Newark Public Library.1911Herbert L. Willett, Jr., formerlyknown as Floyd, is completing hisTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 29/ • /i vIt had not occurred to me'7\\ Dear Mr.— ~~and State Inhe^nce^I could liquidated upon mySSe taxes. ^ .ouXdbo a si^le^ /i r>ot occurred to we provide tne enough-tter SU ^PoS AJ ^U* «f t ingovernment. haVe given mePh appreciate the service yytSsTatt^ Cordially yours,_IF you would like assistance or further information on life insurance to provideready cash to pay estate and inheritancetaxes, a New York life representative will beglad to help you. You will place yourself underno obligation whatsoever. If you are not acquainted with a New York Life representative,write to the Home Office at the address below. (<Many college men are selling life insuranceto men who wish to provide in this way fortheir Federal Estate and State InheritanceTaxes. Such work in the field of selling mightappeal to you or one of your friends. Uponrequest, the Company will be glad to senda copy of an informative 48 -page book entitled "A Career as a^ife Underwriter."SAFETY IS ALWAYS THE FIRST C O NSID E RATION. . .NOTHING ELSE IS SO IMPORTANTNEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANYA Mutual Company founded on April 12, 1845THOMAS A. BUCKNER, Chairman of the Board 51 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y. ALFRED L. AIKEN. President30 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEt&tuIDEALVACATIONfn me $ 'timeticab t/i/eniNorth Western offers through serviceto more of the fascinating summer playgrounds of the west! than any otherroute. Maximum comfort at lowcost — -fast air-conditioned trains —thoughtful, friendly service— and tomany destinations you may go onewayand return another without extra cost*— MAIL THIS COUPON - -!R. THOMSON, Pass'r Traffic Mgr.Chicago & North Western Railway400 W. Madison St., Chicago. 111.Please send me, without charge, fullinformation and literature aboutthe "North Western" vacationschecked:OBLACK HILLS &JL%m»Nearest mountain vacationland andAmerica's last romantic frontier. Majestic scenery. Mighty Mt. Rushmore. Economical hotel and lodge accommodations. Round trip rail fare (aa a mfrom Chicago as low as • • ^^fcO.'TOON0RTH WOODS S'01KUPPER MICHIGAN, MINNESOTA-Pine forests, sparkling lakes. Wonderful fishing. Favorite mid-western vacation region. Resorts to suit all purses.Only a few hours from Chicago onNorth Western's fast afternoon train,The Flambeau, or comfortable overnight trains. Round trip rail e#v <\mfare as low as *&mOOOYELLOWSTONE^-^sers, canyons, water falls, forests. Roundtrip rail fare from Chicago <&>|Q OAas low as ••••.••••• • **KJ.OUOCOLORADO^rSf^ffllakes, invigorating climate. Thrillingoutdoor sports. Resort accommodationsat all prices. Only an overnight trip fromChicago. Round trip railf are <r <> 4 1 Afrom Chicago as low as . . • ^OlilUOZI0N, BRYCE, GRANDCANYON NAT'L PARKSs ""America's grandest, most colorfulscenic wonderland. Round trip rail fareChicago to Lund, Utah (the £CA £Agateway), as low as ^OU.OUO CALIFORNI A^onstete?Beau,tinj",romantic, historic. See itsmountains, oldmissions, famous cities, ocean beaches,Hollywood — center of the movie industry. See .Boulder Dam en route. Roundtrip rail fare from Chicago on thepopular "Challengers" as $f*E AAO PACIFIC NORTHWEST—-Vast green paradise. See Mt. Rainier,Crater Lake, Puget Sound. Enjoy wonderful summer climate. Round trip railfare from Chicago as low $f*e AAf^AI ACICil— A convenient side tripw fll-fWIif* from thePacificNorthwest.OCANADIAN ROCKIES—Unbelievable Banff and exquisite LakeLouise in the midst of sky-flung peaks.OALL EXPENSE TOURSCo many of the above regions.Name........— .............Address.........-....-—— ...... City. -State- 1711 CHICAGO LlffNorthwesternRAILWAYRcrnXs ofs tkt 400, Tke. S l?LM*n£i*itZ>UL <W The GludU+UJjeAt fourth year as Director of the Community Chest of Washington, D. C. Herbert III, nearly 19, and 6' 2"— a freshman at Princeton, representing the sixthgeneration of his Mother's family,which outweighed the possibility of being the third generation of Willetts atChicago; Jeanne, 17, at the MadeiraSchool in Virginia; and Carol, 8, account for most of the money the Willetts spend according to Father Willett.1912Ole O. Stoland, SM, PhD'13, isprofessor of physiology at Kansas University. *Estelle Umbarger manages the Information Bureau maintained by thePopular Mechanics Magazine at 200East Ontario, Chicago.1913In charge of freshman teaching atIowa State, F. E. Brown, PhD' 18, reports there are from 800 to 1500 freshmen enrolled in chemistry and that hemeets from 600 to 9001 each quarter inhis own classes. His spare time isspent in serving on a church board, aboy scout troop committee, as facultyadvisor to Phi Kappa Tau, and doing thecommitee work which comes in a facultyand its honorary and professional organizations.The making of the Hill-Overholts-Popp Botany (McGraw Hill) has occupied a good deal of J. Ben Hill'sand Helen Deuss Hill's leisure in thelast few years. In the past college semester they spent three months in Mexico, enjoying good roads, overwhelmingscenery, and the different civilizationsouth of the Rio Grande.Rachel E. Hoffstadt, SM, PhD' 15,professor of bacteriology at the University of Washington, recently receiveda grant for research from the AmericanAcademy of Arts and Science.Deaconess Katherine Putnam,AM'28, was caught by the war on vacation in Tsing-tao, China, and is now inShanghai, working at St. ElizabethHospital. Work at her mission atYangchow, in the interior of China,has been abandoned because of warconditions.G. F. Weber, AM'28, directs vocational education in the public schoolsin South Bend.1915Margaret Grobben is an economiston the staff* of the Consumer Credit Institute of America, 233 Broadway, NewYork.Ralph M. Hogan, AM'16, PhD'27,of the Social Security Board is in theadvisory service to State Social Security Agencies on Personnel Matters and,at present, is specializing in merit system procedures.A coronation medal was awarded toAndrew H. Hutchinson, PhD, of theUniversity of British Columbia for hisservices on the Biological Board ofCanada.Last year Mary G. TCelty, AM'24,5519 University Avenue, Chicago, pub lished a series of Pupils Guides for Individualized Aspects of Study.Ethel Russell Wickenden (Mrs.A. C.) writes from Bonham Road, Oxford, Ohio, that her two boys are nowfourteen and nine. Mrs. Wickenden ispresident of the local Peace Leagueand is active in art and musical clubs.1916In addition to his work as editorand proof reader for the Field Museumof Natural History, t Chicago, DavidGustafson, AM'27, also teaches evening classes at North Park College.Publications of Thomas L. Patterson, SM, PhD'20, include two laboratory manuals in experimental physiology and about 80 articles and reports,largely in the field of gastrointestinalphysiology of vertebrate and invertebrate animals. Patterson is at WayneUniversity.Fred T. Rogers, PhD, physician, iswith the Dallas Medical and SurgicalClinic.Alice Silloway lives at 1648 Central Avenue, Indianapolis, Indiana,where she teaches grades 5 and 6.Charles E. Skinner, AM, is principal of the Henry Clay High School inLexington, Kentucky.Rollo C. Speer, who is now pastorof the First Baptist Church in Pocatello,Idaho, formerly served for two years asvice president of Ottawa University.His daughter Laura graduates this Junefrom Colorado State College of Agriculture.H. Nathan Swaim, JD, is nowComptroller of the City of Indianapolis,Ind.Mrs. J. H. Wren writes from 170Parkside Avenue, Brooklyn, New York.Her son, Harold, is a member of theJune 1938 Class of Erasmus Hall HighSchool.1918Minna C. Denton, PhD, is directorof the Home Economics Department atthe University of Tampa.Charlotte B. Kaiser (Mrs. C. W.)6123 North Hamilton Avenue, Chicago,has been president of the Illinois Masonic Hospital Woman's Auxiliary forthe past year.BIMILLENNIUMA gr»oup of thirteen teachers in Danville (Illinois) High School met inApril to celebrate the Augustan Bimil-lennium. Dinner was served from amenu of Latin-named dishes. Afterdinner the Aeneid was reviewed by thechairman, each one present reading andtranslating a famous passage.The University of Chicago had fouralumnae present: Ruth Sandeson, '14;Ferne Haviland, '21; Edith Mark-ley, '07; and Gertrude Payne, '10.Appreciation of our former instructors was expressed frequently as welabored to renew the classical background which they helped us establish —Professors Hale, Prescott, Laing,Miller and Beason.Gertrude Payne, '10.WHERE-TO-GO1906 UQTEL'- RESORTAND TRAVEL.,DEPARTMENT C~"^S**S£S1938in 32 or more publications. Approximately a Million circulation. For space and rates in our department write toTHB WHERE-TO-GO BUREAU, Inc., 8 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MASS., U. S. A.TRAVELA New Travel WorldNEWFOUNDLAND!Unspoiled . . . uncrowded . . . uncommon ! Explore this wild, wooded Islandof majestic forests and fjords -quaint,cliff-side fishing villages. Sail, canoe,play golf— and cast for * '40-pounders' sin salmon rivers, lakes, streams.Modern camps, hotels, at low rates.Write for free booklet " Come to Newfoundland " to Newfoundland Information Bureau, Deft. F.620 Fifth Avenue,New York, N. Y.,' or Newfoundlandtourist Development Board, St. John's,Newfoundland, or any travel agency.Ofa~Umd£turH£cL VERMONTTHOSE GORGEOUSGREEN MOUNTAINSV€RMONtiASKfor new, handsomely-illustrated free booklet," Unspoiled Vermont." Athrillingpre-view of your 1938 vacation-tour.Scores of eye-filling scenes suchas greet you at every turn of theroad in this land of mountains,lakes and valleys, gorgeous greenery and f amoushospitality.Variedcountry fun for all the family~ described in this free book.Write VERMONT PUBLICITY SERVICE, 27 STATEHouse, Montpelier, Vt. TRAVEL'11-121 Days -*135 iN See LABRADOR ... In ocean liner comfort! Land ofmystery • The Golden North and romantic French. Canada, beautiful Newfoundland — on CLARKE luxury' cruises from Montreal Ask your Travel Agent orCLARKE STEAMSHIP CO. Ltd.CANADA CEMENT BLDG, PHILLIPS SQ. ¦ MONTREAL, CANADA3I...BICYCLE...CO through "Unspoiled Europe." Small groups A.for students and teachers In company of tb^-O spena mucn less, iu ws. au-inc. inps inc. asteamer from $298. General and specialized VT European students. See much more and ispend much less. 10 wk. all-inc. trips inc. tR trips available. Write for free booklet W. 17SITA, 11 West 42nd St. (at 5th Ave.), N.Y. JUOur advertisers waste no money in presentingtheir invitations to people who cannot accept.Always advertise as widely as you are able. NEW YORKtfUw&g^1 # Land of cool nights, sunnyexhilarating days. A new unspoiled vacation state of mountains, ocean beaches, forests,lakes, streams. Send for free28-page booklet. Oregon StateHighway Commission, Travel)Dept. Room 72, Salem, Oregon, Remember— small copy is BIG in Where-To-GoCOLORADOCOLORADO DUDE RANCH ASS'N offers Western va cation for adults and families . .Ranch-Camps for boys and girls. For informationte to COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO.Where-To-Go for June closes April 29CANADAWRITE FOR BOOKLET wm Try BRITISH COLUMBIACANADA — THIS SUMMER!Write for Literature to. BUREAU OF INDUSTRIALAND TOURIST DEVELOPMENT.VICTORIA, B.C. HOTEL SEYMOUR S^^VE"theatres, shops, art galleries, Radio City. Quiet re-fined surroundings. Single $3. 50 up ; double $5. 00 up.Where-To-Go publicity covers iV. America# Spring, Summer,Fall or Winter Pennsylvania is a trav-eler's paradise!Whatever you want—superb mountainscenery, lakes, deepforest, top-notch hunting and fishing, his^toric interest — they're all here, served by30,000 miles of fine highways. Write Dept.B, Pennsylvania State Publicity Commission, Harrisburg, Pa., for your Hospitality-Passport, also Map and Travel Guide. CRAGSM00R INNro&Wf^:Select clientele. Delicious meals. Tennis.Golf . Swimming. Booklet. Cragsmoor, M. Y .NEW JERSEYATLANTIC CITYC WORLD'S PREMIER HEALTHJAND PLEASURE RESORThas far too many attractions tobe described here. Write Room515,ConventionHall,forFREJB1938 Illustrated Booklet.The delight of themodern hostess . .IS TO SERVE ASWIFT'S PREMIUM HAMI With the same marvelous Premium flavor — plus the new spring-chicken tenderness —Swift's Premium Ham is served with delight by the modern hostess — and relished byeven her most discriminating guests.The host, too, finds it a pleasure to serve Swift's Premium Ham because its fine, firm texture makes carving easy.Swift's Premium Ham now requires less cooking timeOrder a Swift's Premium Ham from your dealer today. saving you time and money.SWIFT & COMPANY3132 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEGfje tfntoersitp of ChicagouniveRsicp coiLeoeIN THE LOOPONE-TERMSUMMERSESSIONDOWNTOWNJUNE 20— JULY 22, 1938MORNINGS or AFTERNOONSTwo or four two-hour sessions weekly8:30-10:30 10:30-12:30 1:30-3:30Registration, June 15 to 18 inclusiveFor Schedule of the one-term Summer Session,downtown addressUNIVERSITY COLLEGETHE UNIVERSITY Of CHICAGO18 South Michigan AvenueTelephone: DEArborn 3673Glen Eyrie FarmFOR CHILDRENDELAVAN LAKE, WISCONSIN• • •BOYS and GIRLS 8—12Family Group— Not a Camp. All farm activitiesbesides swimming and boating.Opens June 19tnSend for story of the Farm.VIRGINIA HINKINS BUZZELL, ' 13Glen Eyrie Farm, Delavan Lake, Wis.LIBRARY SCHOOL209 S. State St., Chicago, III.Preparatory course for public Librarian.Practical book courses for positions inRental Libraries and book stores.Register Mon. to Fri. II a. m. to 4 p. m.The Midway School6216 Kimbark Ave. Tel. Dorchester 3299Elementary Grades — High SchoolPreparation — KindergartenFrench, Music and ArtBUS SERVICEA School with Individual Instruction andCultural AdvantagesWhatever you doShorthand will be useful to you.Learn GREGGthe world's fastest shorthand.THE GREGG PUBLISHING COMPANY6 North Michigan Ave. Chicago The Biology Section of the MissouriAcademy of Science elected James E.Cribbs, PhD, chairman for 1938. Heis also chairman of the Missouri Commission on the Conservation of NaturalConditions (Ecological Society ofAmerican) for 1937-38. Cribbs headsthe Biology Department at Drury College and also finds time to be presidentof the local University Club.1920L. M. Graves, PhD'24, of Chicago'smath faculty, spent the summer of 1937teaching mathematics at Sanford University. He is now an editor of theBulletin of the American MathematicalSociety. • *Eugene E. Rosaire, SM'21, PhD'26,of Houston, Texas, presented an outstanding paper -dealing with new developments in the search for structure favorable for accumulation of gas andoil before the March meeting of theSociety of Economic Geophysicists.1921The article on "The Junior HighSchool" in the December Atlantic waswritten by M. E. Herriott, principalof the Central Junior High School ofLos Angeles.Kate Lide spent the winter in Bethel,Maine, with her sister.Priscilla Sanborn is working forthe Christian Science Monitor, Boston,in the advertising department.Walter M. W. Splawn, PhD, ischairman of the Interstate CommerceCommission for 1938.1922Wilxiam Berry, PhD, professor ofpsychology at the University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, is on leaveof absence for one year. At presenthe is at Yale University as a visitingfellow in the Department of Psychology,Institute of Human Relations.Edward L. Hardy, AM, who retiredin September, 1935, from the presidency of San Diego College, is nowdirector of the San Diego Museum inBalboa Park.George W. Martin, PhD, professorof botany at the University of Iowa,made his second trip to the tropics lastsummer, primarily to the mountains ofwestern Panama. He spent a few dayson Barro Colorado Island shortly afterProfessor Noe had been there. His collections were mainly tropical fungiwhich are still largely unknown. Thesecollections form the basis of his currentinvestigations.Daniel M. Salcedo, P. O. Box 425,Manila, P. I., is superintendent of private schools and colleges in the Philippines.Paul B. Sears, PhD, has been appointed professor and head of the Department of Botany at Oberlin College.Professor Sears is spending a year'sleave of absence from the Universityof Oklahoma at Teachers College, Columbia University.Mary May Wyman, AM'31, holdsthe position of Director of ^Health andSafety Education in the Louisville Public Schools. 1923Mabel L. Bishop, PhD, is takingcharge of the 1938 Convention of theMaryland Teachers of Biology. Sheis head of the Department of Biologyat Hood College.Orlin D. Frank, SM, of the Schoolof Education, University of Chicago,was director of the Lake Geneva Summer School of Natural Science held atWilliams Bay, Wisconsin, during thepast summer. The coming session willbe from June 25 to August 8, 1938,and Mr. Frank will again be in charge.It is intended for teachers, scout leaders, and others interested in the out-of-doors.N. Paul Hudson, PhD, is professorand chairman of the Department ofBacteriology at. Ohio State University.Victor J. Smith was recently appointed director in charge of the newCentennial Museum, Alpine, Texas.Kathryn Healey Stidham, AM'29,who has been teaching public schoolmusic, band, and one class in socialstudies at the Pahala School — a seven-teen-room intermediate school — in Pahala, Hawaii, since September 1937,writes that she and her daughter arevery happy in Hawaii.1924George R. Johnstone, PhD, professor and head of the Department of Botany at the University of Southern California, will teach at the Fresno StateCollege 1938 Summer Camp at Huntington Lake in the Sierra Nevada Mountains.1925Agustin S. Alonzo, PhD, is dean ofNorthern Luzon Junior College, University of Philippines.Transferred last fall from the Longfellow School, Jennie S. Jenkinson, AM'35, is now principal of the Sutherlandand Kellogg Elementary Schools ofChicago.Mrs. Irene D. Lange (Casper A),AM'27, is vocational guidance directorfor physically handicapped students inall high schools in Wisconsin.Arthur Whiting Wolfe, AM, ispastor of the Presbyterian Church ofOlathe, Kansas.S. R. Wormer, PhD, has been appointed head of the Division of Sciencesat Sam Houston State Teachers College in addition to his position as professor and head of the Biology Department.1926Leo H. Arnstein, JD'28, is now amember of the law firm of Lederer,Livingston, Kahn, Adler & Adsit, 160North LaSalle Street, Chicago.At the beginning of the second semester of the current academic year, MaryM. Avery, PhD, went to MacalesterCollege at St. Paul, Minn., as assistantprofessor of Latin.Myron C. Barlow, PhD, heads theDepartment of Psychology at the University of Utah.Roger P. Behan, is with the A. B.Mimeograph Company in Boston.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINESCHOOL & CAMP DIRECTORY 33GIRL'S SCHOOLSOAK GROVEPrepares for College and Gracious Living*Music, Art, Expression. Upper and LowerSchools. Grad. Course Sec. Science. Joyous outdoorrecreation. Riding. Mr. and Mrs. Robert Owen,Box 170, Vassalboro, Maine.GARDNER SCHOOL154 East 70th Street, New York, Resident and dayschool for girls. Accredited. Elementary, CollegePreparatory, Secretarial and Junior Collegiatecourses. Music, Art, Dramatics. All Athletics.81st year. M. Elizabeth Masland, Principal.JOKAKE SCHOOL FOR GIRLSOn the slope of Camelback Mt. in Arizona nearPhoenix. College preparatory and general courses.Music, art, dramatics, dancing. Riding, swimming,pack trips. Miss Lilias G. Bill, Headmistress,George G. Ashford, Dir., Jokake, Arizona.GIRLS' SCHOOLS IN THEDIOCESE OF VIRGINIA CEPISCOPAL)St. Anne's School — Charlottesville, VirginiaMargaret L. Porter — HeadmistressSt. Catherine's School — Richmond, VirginiaLouisa deB. Bacot Brackett — HeadmistressDay and Boarding. Thorough preparation for allleading colleges. Also courses for students not planning to enter college. Lower School, grades 4 to 8.Music, Art, Riding, Outdoor Sports. For cataloguesaddress the Headmistress of each school.COEDUCAT'NAL SCHOOLSGEORGE SCHOOLA Friends* Coeducational Boarding School. Moderncurriculum. 85 graduates entered 41 colleges in 1937.Endowment. G. A. Walton, A.M., Principal, Box267, George School, Pa.PUTNEY SCHOOLFor boys and girls who while preparing for college,want to have a rich, realistic, responsible life.Self-help, farm and construction work jobs. Sports,Music, Art; every cultural interest stimulated.Putney, Vt.BOY'S C A M P~SWASSOOKEAGThe School-Camp for boys. Accredited summersession in a camp setting. Complete land andwater sports program for juniors and seniors. Astudent-camper can save a year in school.Lloyd Harvey Hatch, Director, Dexter, Maine. SUMMER SCHOOLSNaval School — Boys 14-19 — acquire real skill in seamanship onLake Maxinkuckee. Cavalry Camp-Boys 14-19 — learn the fine points ofhorsemanship. Woodcraft Camp —Boys 9 - 1 4 . Indian lore.{Nature study.Campcraft. All land, water sports.Moderate cost. State voMch catalog.512 Lake Shore Court, Culver, Ind. BOYS — PACIFIC COASTBLACK-FOXE MILITARYINSTITUTEthe west's distinguished school for boysFrom First Grade Through High SchoolPictorial Catalogue on Request660 Wilcox Avenue Los Angeles, Calif.MONTEZUMAPrimary — Elementary — High School. Accredited.400 acres. Mild climate. Outdoor life year round.Horses - — Athletics — Entrance any time. SummerCamp. Montezuma School for Boys, Box G,Los Gatos, California.BOYS — NEW ENGLANDHEBRON ACADEMYThorough college preparation for boys at moderatecost. 75 Hebron boys freshmen in college this year.Write for booklet and circulars. Ralph L. Hunt*Box G, Hebron, Me.MOSES BROWN SCHOOLHelp and inspiration for each boy a century-oldtradition. Excellent college record. Secluded 25-acrecampus. Pool. Lower School. Moderate tuition.L. R. Thomas, 293 Hope St., Providence, R. I.WILLISTON ACADEMYUnusual educational opportunities at modest cost.Over 150 graduates in 40 colleges. New recreational center, gym, pool. Separate Junior School.A. V. Galbraith, Box 3, Easthampton, Mass.CHESHIRE ACADEMYFormerly ROXBURY SCHOOLFlexible organization and painstaking supervisionof each boy's program offer opportunity for exceptional scholastic progress and general development.A. E. Sheriff, Headmaster, Cheshire, Conn.NEW HAMPTON SCHOOLA New Hampshire School for Boys. 117th year.Thorough College Preparation. Athletics for everyboy. Moderate Tuition. 125 Boys from 12 States.Frederick Smith, Box 201, New Hampton, N. H.REDDING RIDGEA new, thoroughly modern educational plan forcollege preparatory boys. More rational studymethods, more complete subject mastery. Attractive buildings and campus 60 miles fromNew York. Sports, hobbies, other recreation..Write for booklet on the "Redding Ridge Plan".KENNETH G. BONNER, REDDING RIDGE, CONN. BOYS — MIDDLE ATLANTICFRANKLIN AND MARSHALLACADEMYA widely recognized, moderately priced preparatoryschool. Junior dept. E. M. Hartman, Pd.D., Box70, Lancaster, Pa.BLAIR ACADEMYExcellent preparation for college. Small classes*Cultivation of initiative and self-reliance. 65 milesfrom New York, Charles H. Breed, Box 20,Blairstown, N. J.ST. JAMES SCHOOLWashington Co., Md. Episcopal college preparatoryschool. Estab. 1842. Carefully selected faculty. Modern bldgs. Golf, tennis, swimming. High scholasticstandards. Adrian G. Onderdonk, M.A., Headmaster.ST. PETER'S SCHOOLEpiscopal school opening in the Fall of 1938. Self-help plan. Small classes. High academic standing.Large campus. 40 mi. from N. Y. C. Rev. Frank G.Leeming, Head, Van Cortlandtville, Peekskill, N.Y*THE MERCERSBURG ACADEMYPrepares for entrance to all colleges and universities. Alumni from 24 nations. 680 former studentsnow in 113 colleges. Boyd Edwards, D.D., LL.D.,'Headmaster, Mercersburg, Pa.BOYS — SOUTHERN'FLORIDA PREPARATORYSCHOOLOn Halifax River. Boarding and Day. Specialize,C.E.B. Exams. Separate Junior School. Smallclasses. Daily Sun Bathing. Special Health Department. Paul G. Brubeck, Daytona Beach, Fla,BOYS — MIDDLE WESTCRANBROOK SCHOOLDistinctive endowed preparatory school for boys.Also junior department. Exceptionally beautiful,complete, modern. Unusual opportunities in music,arts, crafts, sciences. Hobbies encouraged. All sports.Single rooms. Strong facultya Individual attention.Graduates in over 50 colleges. Near Detroit. Registrar, 3020 Lone Pine Rd., Bloomfield Hills, Mich.SPECIAL SCHOOLSTHE BANCROFT SCHOOLYear-round school and home for retarded andproblem children. Resident physician. Educationalprogram. 56th yr. Summer camp on Maine Coast.Catalog. Medical Director, Dana S. Crum. Principal, J. C. Cooley, Box 315, Haddonfield, N. J.THE OLDEST CAMP IN THE WESTCAMP HIGHLANDSFOR BOYSSAYNER, WISCONSINThree Camps— 8-12: 13-14: 15-17Woodcraft, Athletic and Water Sports,Music, Photography, Scouting, Long CanoeTrips, Riding, Shooting, Shop, Nature Lore,Camping Trips, Unexcelled Equipment,Experienced Staff, Doctor-Nurse.WRITE THE DIRECTOR FOR CATALOGW. J. MONILAW, M. D.5712 Kenwood Ave., Chicago Intensive Stenographic CourseFOR COLLEGE MEN & WOMEN100 Words a Minute in 100 Days As- .asured for one Fee. Enroll NOW. Day J*classes only — Begin Jan., Apr., Julyand Oct. Write or Phone Ban. 1575,18 S. MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO ^iEHMHMiELIMac Cormac SchoolCommerce ofBusiness Administration and SecretarialTrainingDAY AND EVENING CLASSESAccredited by the National Association of Accredited Commercial Schools.1170 E. 63rd St. H. P. 2130 ELIZABETH HULL SCHOOLForRETARDED CHILDRENBoarding and Day Pupils5046Greenwood Ave TelephoneDrexel 118834 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEWo m *«* 9a,°:D1^ISTANCE gained ina relay race meansnothing unless it is held. Andmaterial gains made in the gameof life . . . home, furnishings, automobile, business . . . should beheld, too. But they can be takenfrom you at any moment of any day• . . by fire, windstorm, explosion,accident, theft, etc. Fortunately^ EESEproperty insurance is so flexible thatyou can protect what you haveagainst practically every conceivable hazard. The North AmericaAgent in your section will be gladto analyze your insurance requirements and tell you just whichpolicies you should have. Consulthim as you would your doctoror lawyer.Insurance Company ofNorth AmericaPHILADELPHIAFOUNDED 1792I its affiliated companies write practically every form of insurance except lifeConsultWESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC ELEVATOR COMPANYMerchandise Mart • Telephone Superior 7878IF YOU HAVE AN ELEVATOR PROBLEMREPAIRS — SERVICE — MAINTENANCEMODERNIZATION — NEW ELEVATORSMary A. Bennett, AM, was at theUniversity of Chicago term 1936-37doing graduate work in the Departmentof Zoology for her doctorate. She isassistant professor of biology at theWestern Illinois State Teachers College.Arthur G. Bills, PhD, now of theUniversity of Cincinnati faculty, ispresident of the Midwestern Psychological Association.M. W. Brown, AM, has been superintendent of public schools in Eureka,Illinois, and a member of the EurekaCollege faculty since September, 1937.Yu-Che Chang, PhD'29, is professor of physics at the National CentralUniversity in Chungking, China.David M. Cox of Chicago is a special agent for the Prudential InsuranceCompany of America and treasurer ofTalbott and Company.Walter P. Cottam, PhD, head ofthe Department of,- Botany, Universityof Utah, has been enjoying a sabbaticalyear engaged in range research in connection with the Forest and RangeExperiment Station at Ogden, Utah. He also plans an extensive trip to studythe plant communities from Mexico tosubarctic Canada.Bertha Oxner, AM, director ofHomemaker's Clubs for Saskatchewan,is now directing youth rehabilitationcourses in rural Saskatchewan.Lee M. Roderick, PhD, is professorand head of the Department of Pathology at Kansas State College at Manhattan.Katharine Cox Smith (Mrs. R.W.) AM, "chief dish-washer, baby-tender and sock-darner at the Smith concern of Home, Sweet Home" located at41 Willow Avenues N.E., Atlanta,Georgia, writes she has "acquired twoMA-MA degrees since the MA from theUniversity of Chicago — a daughter in1935 and a son in 1937/' In odd momentsshe paints and has exhibited with theSouthern Art League, Georgia Art Association and Atlanta Art Guild. Sheis "taking voice and piano on the sideso as not to get too Mama-fied and tooutdo the neighborhood radios."Gertrude Whipple, AM'27, PhD'35,is senior assistant professor of educa tion at Wayne University and supervising instructor in Detroit Public Schools.On sabbatical leave from October1937 to June 1938, Lawrence F. Peterson, AM'33, is in residence at the University of Chicago.1927Edith J. Christenson, AM'34, wascalled back to the U.S.A. in 1936 fromBurma where she was principal of aChinese Boys' Junior High School, because her parents were ill. Her fatherpassed away last year and her mother isstill very frail. She plans to stay withher mother as long as needed.Oscar M. Helmer, PhD, is chief biochemist for the Lilly Laboratories forClinical Research in Indianapolis.Clarence F. Lewerenz, JD'28, at.,,,torney-at-law, has his offices at 139North Clark Street, Chicago.George R. Maury, LLB, attorney atlaw, announces the removal of his officesto 836-8 Petroleum Securities Building,714 West Olympic Blvd., Los Angeles.Justin O'Brien, who has been instructor in French at Columbia University since 1931, has just been promotedto the rank of assistant professor ofFrench.1928William A. Anderson, AM, is amember of the faculty at the Universityof Manitoba.Jean Fraser Flatt is a clothing instructor at the Technical Collegiate Institute in Saskatoon.Holland Wheeler Hamilton is assistant manager of the Casing Department at Wilson and Company, Chicago.Constance E. Hartt, PhD, camefrom Hawaii to the mainland in June,1937, to attend the Denver meetings.She continues her research on sugarcane at the Hawaiian Sugar Planters'Association Experiment Station.President E. C. Woodburn of Spear-fish (South Dakota) Normal School isa charter member of the Beadle Club,an honorary club of men who have rendered outstanding service to educationin South Dakota. The charter list was12, and about four members are electedeach year.1929William J. Blackburn, Jr., of OhioState, recently began teaching coursesin the field of penology, probation andparole. Formerly he specialized in social research, with penology incidental.His main enthusiasms are gardeningand hiking with boys.Mrs. William Lloyd Garrison, III(Jane Wilson), secretary of the NewYork Alumnae Club, is curator-in-chiefof the Brooklyn Children's Museum.The Speed Oil Company of whichCarleton D. Speed Jr. is president,has recently taken additional officespace in the Second National BankBuilding, Houston, Texas, and enlargedits personnel.R. E. Vollertsen, formerly presidentof Vollertsen and Company, is now associated with Sincere and Company, 231South LaSalle Street, Chicago.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 351930Henry J. Rehn, PhD, is writing a"Cost Accounting" text for the WaltonSchool of Commerce, Chicago.Lester E. Slosburg, JD, is a member of the recently created law firm ofMayer, Altheimer and Kabaker, OneLaSalle Street, Chicago.Maurice Sullivan lives in BarHarbor, Maine, where he is park naturalist for the Acadia National Parkand on the side Boy Scout Troop Committeeman. He has two daughters,Maureen born on August 19, 1935, andPatricia on March 9, 1937.Robert L. Sutherland, PhD, is coauthor with J. L. Woodward of Introductory Sociology published by J. B.Lippincott Company in 1937. Sutherland heads the Sociology Departmentand is dean of nien at Bucknell.Ira D. Yeggy, AM, is head of thePhysics Department and dean of theJoliet Junior College.1931Lucile Alger, who studied this pastsummer at the University of California,teaches kindergarten at Jones School,Ann Arbor, Michigan.James A. McDill, AM, recently accepted the pastorate at the First UnionCongregational Church of Quincy, Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. McDill and theirtwin boys, George and Robert, (bornMay 9, 1937), are living at 1418 Ham-shire Street in Quincy.Lorin F. Wheelwright's (AM)work as supervisor of music for theBoard of Education in Salt Lake Cityconsists of directing the music education in all elementary and secondaryschools. This spring he plans to complete work for the Ph.D. degree at Columbia.1932Robert Beck, SM'34, located at Saginaw, Michigan, as geologist for theCarter Oil Company, has been electedsecretary-treasurer of the MichiganGeological Society and a director of theMichigan Oil and Gas Association.Arthur D.Gray, AM, teaches history at Hartwell High School in Cincinnati, Ohio.George F. James, JD'32, is a memberof the newly organized law firm ofDickinson, Sprowl, Norville and Jamesat 1300, 110 South Dearborn St., Chicago. This partnership was createdafter the firm of Hopkins, Starr andGodman was dissolved owing to thedeath of John L. Hopkins.E. Roscoe Jones, partner in the lawfirm of Marshall & Jones, recently announced the removal of his law officesto Suite 1932, Continental Illinois BankBuilding, 231 South LaSalle Street,Chicago, Illinois, where the firm willcontinue in the practice of tax, corporate and civil law. Mr. Jones was formerly teaching assistant in the Accounting Division, School of Business andAdministration and at present lecturesevening courses in taxation at DePaulUniversity. He has also written severalarticles on taxation. 1933Lyle O. Hill, PhD'38, is acting headof the Department of Chemistry at theCentral Y. M. C. A. College in Chicago.Ernest Q. King, PhD, 920 EastBroadway, Salt Lake City, Utah, recently returned from Canton, China,where he has been performing studies intropical medicine.Since last August, Sidney E. Tar-box, AM, has been dean of students anddirector of Student Personnel Servicesat the Central YMCA College, Chicago.1934Doris Sawtell Baldwin, socialworker, is living at 3107 Sixth Avenue,Tacoma, Washington.William A. Comerford, who hasbeen working in Philadelphia for twoyears as a process salesman for theA. B. Dick Company, was recentlyelected to the presidency of the Philadelphia alumni group. Having playedthird base on the varsity baseball squadwhile here, Bill has continued in thissport and is now playing semi-pro baseball with a Philadelphia Club (MediaAthletic) in his spare time.Gilbert K. Robinson, PhD, can befound busily conducting his classesthese days at Central College, Fayette,Missouri. The Robinsons are living at712 North Church Street, Fayette, Mo.Robert P. Tate, who is a partner inthe F. A. Tate Realty Company ofBloomington, Illinois, has twice beenpresident of the local Real Estate Board.He was married to Catherine R. Coleon May 23, 1936, and they are living at1311 East Washington St.2 Bloomington.1936A. R. Mortimer is assistant creditmanager of Cudahy Packing Company.Robert A. Storer was recently calledas minister to the First Parish Unitarian Church on Meeting House Hill,Dorchester, Mass., the oldest organizedchurch in greater Boston. Evidently thespirit of Blackfriars is still in his system, for Bob is working to create newforms of church drama to replace theold stereotyped forms of pageantry andis trying to weld the arts of poetry,music and movement into effective religious drama.Richard Wertzler is coke plantchemist for the Carnegie-Illinois SteelCorporation, Gary, Ind.1937Herbert Baldwin is connected withthe B. A. Eckhart Milling Company,Chicago.Lucille L. Boyd teaches at the Wallace School at Hammond, Ind.William Director has been appointed to the grade of junior personnelclerk in the Personnel and Civil Service Department of the Chicago ParkDistrict.Michael Savoyias is with Universal Oil Products Company, Chicago.Herbert A. Simon is back on thecampus for graduate study.1938Eugene T. Mapp is working for A.B. Dick & Company, Chicago. SCOTT ANNOUNCES THETELEMATICA NEW MUSICAL INSTRUMENTNot a radio or phonograph in the accepted sense,for there are no dials, no knobs, no indicators.Yet it re-creates your selection of favorite broadcasts and recorded music with such tonal perfection and absence of "needle scratch" that yourguests cannot tell whether they are hearing records or a fine studio broadcast. The only visibleevidence of this amazing instrument is the 7 inchControl Key Board, if the easily concealed installation is preferred.A MODERN ALADDINRadio or recorded entertainment may be selected for theentire evening, in advance! You set a simple mechanism,then with no more attention than is required for thermostatically controlled temperature, the TELEMATIC tunesin every broadcast at the exact time you have indicated.Changes can be made instantly by pressing a key atyour elbow.MANY MORE AMAZING FEATURESGet details and moderateprices on this newest development of Scott Research Labs.,famous for 14 years as custom builders of world's finestRadio. NOT SOLD THRUSTORES. MAIL COUPONNOW!E. H. SCOTT RADIO LABS.4466 Ravenswood Ave.,Dept. 35H8, Chicago, DLSend all facts on new SCOTTTELEMATIC. No obligation.Name — mAddress — _. City State Studios: Chicago, New York, Los Angeles, LondonAMBULANCE SERVICEBOYDSTON BROS.Emergency 'phones OAK. 0492-0493operatingAuthorized Ambulance Servicefor Billings HospitalUniversity Clinics, etc.PACKARD AND LASALLE EQUIPMENTASBESTOSPIONEERING IN THEDEVELOPMENT OF INSULATIONMATERIALS FOR THE CONTROLOF HEAT-LOSS SINCE 1873KEASBEY & MATTIS0N COMPANY140 So. Dearborn St. Ran. 6951AWNINGSPhones Oakland 0690—0691—0692The Old ReliableHyde Park Awning Co.,INC.Awnings and Canopies for All Purposes4508 Cottage Grove Avenue36 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEBOILER REPAIRINGBEST BOILER REPAIR &WELDING CO.BOILER REPAIRING AND WELDING24 HOUR SERVICE1408 S. Western Ave. Tel. Canal 6071BONDSP. H. Davis, 'II. H. I. Markham, 'Ex. '06R. W. Davis, '16 W. M. Giblin, '23F. B. Evans, 'IIPaul H. Davis & Co.MembersNew York Stock ExchangeChicago Stock Exchange10 So. La Salle St. Franklin 8622BOOKSMEDICAL BOOKSof All PublishersThe Largest and Most Complete Stock andall New Books Received as soon as published. Come in and browse.SPEAKMAN'S(Chicago Medical Book Co.)Congress and Honore StreetsOne Block from Rush Medical CollegeBUILDING CONSTRUCTIONW. J. LYNCHCOMPANYBUILDING CONSTRUCTION208 So. La Salle StreetCHICAGOCATERERJOSEPH H. BIGGSFine Catering in all its branches50 East Huron StreetTel. Sup. 0900—0901Retail Deliveries Daily and SundaysQuality and Sewce Since 1882CEMENT CONTRACTORSH. BORGESONPhone Avenue 4028 P. OSTERGAARDPhone Albany 6511"O.K." Construction & Mfg. Go.LICENSEDCement ContractorsGarbage ContainersCement Garden FurniturePHONEAVENUE 4028 4328 BELMONT AVENUECHICAGO. ILL. RUSH REUNION PROGRAMThe Rush Alumni Assembly Committee presents the following tentative program of clinics and discussions to be held on June 6 and 7, 1938. At a later dateall of the alumni of Rush Medical College will receive the final program, from whichthey will be able to choose those subjects in which they are especially interested.The Faculty will try to make the Alumni Assembly this year an outstanding event.The Rush Faculty arid Alumni Dinner will be held at the Drake Hotel onJune 7, at 6:30 p.m. It will be preceded by the meeting of the Alumni Association at 5 :30 p.m.The Presbyterian Hospital is planning a homecoming of all the internes whohave served the Hospital in the past fifty years. All of these ex-internes are invited to attend the Rush Clinics and will receive a final program later. A banquetfor the ex-Presbyterian internes will be held at the Bismarck Hotel on the eveningof Monday, June 6.MONDAY, June 6, 9 :00 to 11 :00 a.m.Medicine — Pediatrics- — Neurology.Woodyatt, R. T. : Diabetes, with Special Reference to Prevention and Control of Diabetic Coma — Presbyterian Hospital.Brown, R. C. : Peptic Ulcer, with Special Reference to Refractory Types— Presbyterian Hospital.Arkin, A. : Diagnosis of Chronic Nontuberculous Pulmonary Diseases —Cook County Hospital.Grulee, C. G., and Sanford, H. N. : Infant Feeding, Infant Diarrhea andBlood Dyscrasias — Presbyterian Hospital.Bassoe, P. : Diagnosis of Spinal Cord Tumor — Presbyterian Hospital.General Surgery — Gynecology — Urology — Anaesthesia — X-Ray.David, V. C. : Combined Ab domino -perineal Resection of the Rectum —Presbyterian Hospital.Gatewood, L. C. : Resection of the Stomach — Presbyterian Hospital.Herbst, R. H. : Surgery of Bladder Neck Obstructions — PresbyterianHospital.Herb, Isabella, and Lyons, Mary : Modern Anesthesia — Presbyterian Hospital.Squire, F. H. : Fluoroscopic Diagnosis — Presbyterian Hospital.Metz, A. R. : Fractures — Washington Boulevard Hospital.Heaney, N. S. : Vaginal Hysterectomy — Presbyterian Hospital.GENERAL DISCUSSIONS— North Amphitheater— 11 :00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.11:00-11:15 Wood, W., and Stuppy, G. W. : The Development and Use ofSpecific Vaccines.11 :15-11 :30 Gilchrist, R. K. : Pathology of Cancer of the Rectum.11 :30-ll :45 Carter, J. B. : Interpretation of the Electrocardiograph.11:45-12:00 Potts, W. J.: Operative Treatment of Fracture of the Neck ofthe Femur.12:00-12:15 Thomas, W. A.: Water Balance.12:15-12:30 Verbrugghen, A.: The Treatment of Acute Brain Injury.12:30-12:45 Apfelbach, C. W. : The Etiology and Pathology of PostoperativePneumonia.12 :45- 1 :00 Irons, E. C. : The Treatment of Postoperative Pneumonia.CLINICS— 2:00 to 4:00 p.m.Otolaryngology — Ophthalmology.Hayden, D. B., and Associates : Radical Mastoid Surgery. Bronchoscopy— Presbyterian Hospital.Moncrieff, W. F., and Associates: Strabismus. Cataract. Contact EyeLenses — Presbyterian Hospital.TUESDAY, June 7, 9:00 to 11:00 a.m.Medicine — Pediatrics.Post, W. E. : Nephrosis, Diagnosis and Treatment — Presbyterian Hospital.Gatewood, L. C. : The Sippy Management of Peptic Ulcer — Cook CountyHospital.Portis, S. A. : Symposium on Bile Tract Disease — Michael Reese Hospital.Campbell, L. K. : The Shift from Regular to Protamine Insulin — Presbyterian Hospital.Pernokis, E. W. : The Diagnosis and Treatment of Anaemias, Demonstration of Preparations — Presbyterian Hospital.Parmelee, A. H. : Care of Premature Infants — The Modern Incubator —Presbyterian Hospital.Rinder, C. O. : Hypoglycemia — St. Luke's Hospital.General Surgery — Gynecology — Urology — X-Ray.Speed, K. : Removal of Semi-lunar Cartilage from the Knee Joint — Presbyterian Hospital.Kretschmer, H. : Prostatic Resection — Presbyterian Hospital.Moorehead, F. : Fracture of the Jaw — Oral Surgery — Presbyterian Hospital.Miller, E. M. : Subtotal Resection of the Thyroid — Presbyterian Hospital.Oberhelman, H. : General Abdominal Surgery — Cook County Hospital.Squire, F. H. : Fluoroscopic Diagnosis — Presbyterian Hospital.Kanter, A. E. : Abdominal Hysterectomy — Cook County Hospital.Davis, C. B. : Abdominal Surgery — Presbyterian Hospital.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 37T. A. REHNQUIST CO.CEMENT SIDEWALKSCONCRETE FLOORSTelephoneBEVERLY 0890FOR AN ESTIMATE ANYWHERECHEMICAL ENGINEERSAlbert K. Epstein, '12B. R. Harris, 71Epstein, Reynolds and HarrisConsulting Chemists and Engineers5 S. Wabash Ave. ChicagoTel. Cent. 4285-6COALEASTMAN COAL CO.Established 19027 YARDSALL OVER TOWNMAIN OFFICE252 West 69th StreetTelephone Wentworth 3215Wasson-PocahontasCoal Co.6876 South Chicago Ave.Phones: Wentworth 8620-1-2-3-4Wesson's Coal Makes Good — or—Wasson DoesCOFFEE -TEALa Touraine Coffee Co.IMPORTERS AND ROASTERS OFLA TOURAINECOFFEE AND TEA209-13 MILWAUKEE AVE., CHICAGOat Lake and Canal Sts.Phone State 1350Boston— New York— Philadelphia— SyracuseCUT STONEOfficePhone Radcliffe 5988 ResidencePhone Beverly 9208ZIMMERMAN CUT STONE CO.Cut — Planed — Turned — StoneHigh - GradeBuilding-Rubbles - Flag Stone - Garden Rocks55 East 89th Place Chicago, IllinoisELECTRICAL CONTRACTORSMEADE ELECTRICCOMPANY, INC.ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORSWIRING FOR LIGHT & POWER3252Franklin Blvd. TelephoneKedzie 5070 GENERAL DISCUSSIONS—North Amphitheater — 11:00 a.m.to 1 :00 p.m.11 :00-ll :15 Avery, L. W. : The Useof C02 Inhalation in Psychoses.11 :15-11 :30 Thompson, W. O. : TheUse and Abuse of Antuitrin S. forUndescended Testicle.11:30-11:45 Heckel, N. J.: TheMale Hormones.11:45-12:00 Montgomery, A. H.:When Not to Operate in Acute Appendicitis.12:00-12:15 Tice, F. : The SerumTreatment of Pneumonia.12:15-12:30 Hoyne, A.: The Recent Acute Poliomyelitis Epidemic.12:30-12:45 Allen, E. D.: Radiumor Surgery for Fibroids.12:45- 1:00 Everly, J. B. : TheTreatment of Ulcerative Colitis.CLINICS— 2:00 to 4:00 p.m.Orthopedic Surgery — Thoracic Surgery — DermatologyBerkheiser, E. J. : Arthrodesis of theShoulder Joint — Cook County Hospital.Bettman, R. B. : Surgery of Pulmonary Tuberculosis — Cook CountyHospital.Ormsby, O. S. : Dermatology Clinic— North Amphitheater, Rush.RUSH1903Dr. David J. Davis, PhD'05, deanand professor of pathology and bacteriology at the University of Illinois, hasbeen a member of the National ResearchCouncil for the past three years. Hispublished reports have been mainly onstreptococci and septic sore throat.1905Dr. Charles H. Neilson, PhD'03,has been associate dean of St. LouisUniversity School of Medicine since1928.1907Dr. Stephen Walter Ranson, '025PhD'05, is director of the NeurologicalInstitute of Northwestern UnversityMedical School.1909Professor Walter E. Garrey,PhD'00, of Vanderbilt University,served as president of the AmericanPhysiological Society last year.1920Dr. Fred Firestone, '18, 450 SutterSt., San Francisco, was recently electedas a specialist in internal medicine bythe American Board of Internal Medicine. He has been a fellow of theAmerican College of Physicians since1930. Chest and allergic diseases arehis specialty.1927Dr. James O. Helm, physician andsurgeon in New Florence, Mo., spendshis spare time on his farm, working inthe garden. He is director of the OldSettlers Association in MontgomeryCounty and president of the Montgomery County Medical Society. ELECTRIC SIGNSFEDERAL NEONSIGNS•FEDERAL ELECTRIC COMPANYCLAUDE NEON FEDERAL CO.8700 South State Street•W. D. Krupke, '19Vice-presidentELECTROLYSISHAIR REMOVED FOREVER17 Years' ExperienceFREE CONSULTATIONLOTTIE A. METCALFEGraduate NurseALSOELECTROLYSIS EXPERTMultiple 20 platinum needles can beused.Permanent removal of Hair from Face,Eyebrows, Back of Neck or any partof Body; destroys 200 to 600 Hair Rootsper hour.Removal of Facial Veins, Moles andWarts.Member American Assn. Medical Hydrology andPhysical Therapy and IIL Chamber of Commerce$ 1 .75 per Treatment for HairTelephone FRA 4885Suite 1705, Stevens Bldg.17 No. State St.ENGINEERSNEILER, RICH & CO. (not inc.)ENGINEERSCONSULTING, DESIGNING ANDSUPERVISINGAir Conditioning HeatingElectrical VentilatingMechanical Sanitary431 So. Dearborn StreetTelephone Harrison 7691FENCESANCHOR POST FENCE CO.Ornamental Iron — Chain Link —Rustic WoodFences for Campus, Tennis Court,Estate, Suburban Home or Industrial Plant.Free Advisory Service and EstimatesFurnished333 N. Michigan Ave.Telephone STAte 5812FLOWERS4Mi .^ *il* A CHICAGO$0* Established 1865Q/^ FLOWERSPhones : Plaza 6444, 64451364 East 53rd StreetTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE FORM CLAMPSUNIVERSAL FORM CLAMP CO.Form Clamping and Tying DevicesBuilding Specialties972 Montana St., Chicago, Illinois•San Francisco — Los Angeles — Jersey City— Philadelphia — Cleveland — Houston — -Boston — New York — SyracuseFRACTURE APPARATUSFRACTURE EQUIPMENTORTHOPEDIC BRACESSPLINTSBONE INSTRUMENTSZIMMER MFG. CO.WARSAW, IND.GROCERIESLEIGH'SGROCERY and MARKET1327 East 57th StreetPhones: Hyde Park 9100-1-2QUALITY FOODSTUFFS "MODERATE PRICESWE DELIVERHANDWRITING EXPERTVERNON FAXONEXAMINER OF QUESTIONEDDOCUMENTS(Handwriting Expert)134 TelephoneN. La Salle St. Central 1050HEATINGPHILLIPS, 6ETSGH0W GO.ENGINEERS & CONTRACTORSHeating, Ventilating, Power,Air Conditioning32 TelephoneW. Hubbard St. Superior 6116 HOTELBLACKSTONEHALLanExclusive Women's Hotelin theUniversity of Chicago DistrictOffering Graceful Living to University and Business Women atModerate TariffBLACKSTONE HALL5748 TelephoneBlackstone Ave. Plaza 3313Verna P. Werner, Director Program of the Fifth AnnualMeeting of the School of MedicineThe University of ChicagoAlumni AssociationUniversity of Chicago ClinicsChicago, IllinoisFriday, June 3, 1938The Following Papers Will Be Presented By Members of the Faculty at the Morning Session :Intracranial Tumors — Douglas N. Buchanan, Department of Pediatrics.Observation on Pathological Physiologyof Cancer in Cancerous Stomach —Alexander Brunschwig, Departmentof Surgery.The Vagina as an Index of EstrogenicActivity in the Human — M. EdwardDavis, Department of Obstetrics andGynecology.Development and Maintenance of theDaily Temperature Cycle in Man —N. Kleitman, Department of Physiology.Bone Transplantation in Treatment ofBone Tumors — Dallas B. Phemister,Department of Surgery.Observations on Experimental Hypertension — Louis Leiter, Department ofMedicine.Cultivation of the Virus of St. LouisEncephalitis — R. Wendell Harrison,Department of Bacteriology.Color Motion Picture Studies of theCapillary Circulation in Frog StriatedMuscle, Lung Suprarenal, and Kidney Glomeruli — Melvin H. Knisely,Department of Anatomy.Further Observations on Lipocaic —Lester R. Dragstedt, Department ofSurgery.Dissecting Aneurism of Aorta — Eleanor M. Humphreys, Department orPathology.In the Afternoon Papers Will BePresented By Members of theAlumni Organization. A Number of Alumni Have Already Registered Their Papers, Including:A. Mclntyre — Effect of Diet on Insulin Tolerance in White Rats.S. H. Bensley — Evidences of the Sourceof a Fat Metabolizing Hormone inthe Pancreas.John Weir — Vascular Responses to theSchwartzman Phenomenon as Observed in Pulmonary Reactions.A. W. Scott — Physiology of the Knockout Blow to the Head.Kenneth M. Smith— The Effect ofHypertrophic Cartilage on BoneMarrow Growth.D. Bodian — Is the Synapse of ClinicalSignificance ?A short business meeting will be heldbetween the morning and afternoonsessions.The Annual Banquet Will BeHeld in Judson Court, Friday,June 3, 6 :30 P. M. Guest Speakers :Dr. Preston Kyes.Dr. Dallas B. Phemister.Dr. Wilber E. Post.Dr. Charles Scott — President of Graduating Class of 1938.Efforts are being made to have a representative of the Administration as oneof the guest speakers. LAUNDRIESMorgan Laundry Service, Inc.2330 Prairie Ave.Phone Calumet 7424Dormitory ServiceSUNSHINE LAUNDRYCOMPANYAll ServicesDry Cleaning2915 Cottage Grove Ave.Telephone Victory 5110THEBEST LAUNDRY andCLEANING COMPANYALL LAUNDRY SERVICESAlsoZoric System of Cleaning- : - Odorless Quality Cleaning - : -Phone Oakland 1383LETTER SERVICEPOND LETTER SERVICEEverything in LettersHooven Typewriting MimeographingMultigraphing AddressingAddressograph Service MailingHighest Quality Service Minimum PricesAll Phones 418 So. Market St.Harrison 8118 ChicagoLITHOGRAPHERL. C. Mead "21. E. J. Chalifoux '22PHOTOPRESS, INC.Planograph — Offset — Pr %inting731 Plymouth CourtWabash 8182MASONRY REPAIRSI. ECKMANTuck Pointing and BuildingCleaningWindow Calking7452 Cottage Grove Ave.Phone Vincennes 6513MATTRESSESSOHN & COMPANY, Inc.Manufacturers ofMATTRESSES &STUDIO COUCHES1452 TelephoneW. Roosevelt Rd. Haymarket 3523THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 39MUSIC ENGRAVERSHIGHEST RATED IN UNITED STATES!ENGRAVERS -SINCE 19 O 6 —+ WORK DONE BY ALL PROCESSES ++ ESTIMATES GLADLY FURNISHED ?+ ANY PUBLISHER OUR REFERENCE +^RAYNER=DALHEIM &CO.2 OS* W. LAKE ST., CHICAGO.PAINTERSGEORGE ERHARDTand SONS, Inc.Painting — Decorating — Wood Finishing3123 PhoneLake Street Kedzie 3 1 86E. STEWART FEIGHINC.PAINTING — DECORATING5559 TelephoneCottage Grove Ave. Midway 4404RICHARD H. WEST CO.COMMERCIALPAINTING & DECORATING1331W. Jackson Blvd. TelephoneMonroe 3192PHOTOGRAPHERMOFFETT STUDIOCAMERA PORTRAITS OF QUALITY30 So. Michigan Blvd., Chicago . . State 8750OFFICIAL PHOTOGRAPHERU. of C. ALUMNIPLASTERINGSMITHSONPLASTERING COMPANYLathing and PlasteringContractors53 W.Jackson Blvd. TelephoneWabash 8428 1931Archibald McIntyre presented several papers at the Federation of American Societies of Experimental Biologyat Baltimore, one of which was on "AGrowth Promoting Pituitary Extract inTriamine Deficiency/' and one on "ANew Local Anaesthetic."1932Emory Ross Strauser is the fatherof a boy, born Wednesday, April 6th.Livingston Eli Josselyn is doing-very well in private practice at High-wood, Illinois. His wife, Irene M.Josselyn ('34) is still a fellow at theInstitute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois, although she may gointo private practice next year.1933William B. Tucker is an assistantin Medicine at Billings. He is specializing- in diseases of the chest.1934James F. Regan is now at the MayoClinic where he is a fellow in Surgery.Jim interned in surgery at Billings. Hehas a valuable paper on intranuclear inclusions in cancer in the last numberof the American Journal of Cancer Research.1935Harry G. LIeaney is now in generalpractice with his father in CorpusChristi, Texas. He had services atBillings in Medicine, Surgery and Otolaryngology as well as at the MaxwellStreet Dispensary. We have had veryexcellent reports regarding Gordon andwe wish hint continued success.John Leo Gedgoud is now the resident in Pediatrics at Bobs Roberts. Hereturned here in 1935 after spending ayear at the St. Francis Hospital inPittsburgh where he made an enviablerecord.Owen P. Heninger writes: "Recently moved from Safford, Arizona,to 519 B Street, Salt Lake City, Utah,to practice medicine (I hope). Myavocation at present is keeping the officechair warm and my hobby is listeningto detail men extol the virtues of "whas-itgoofor."1937Paul E. Ross has accepted a position at the University of Arkansas,School of Medicine, as an instructor inPathology for the next year and a half.Paul L. Bergstrom is to have alocum tenens, starting next June, atAlmira, Illinois.ENGAGEDAlbert J. Steadman, '28, to RoseShirley Berger. The wedding is scheduled for June.Grinnell Burke, Law }33, to MarianBarber. No date for the wedding hasbeen set.Hildegard Louise Breihan, '38, toForest D. Richardson, '37. The wed- PLUMBINGA. J. F. LOWE & SON1217 East 55th StreetPlumbing and Heating ContractorRadio and Electrical ShopsDay Phone MIDway 0782PRESCRIPTIONSEDWARD MERZ L. BRECKWOLDTSARGENTS DRUG STOREDevoted to serving the Medical Profession and Filling PrescriptionsOver 85 Years23 N. WABASH AVE.TelephonesFor General Use Dearborn 4022-4023Incoming Only Central 0755-0759PUBLISHERSBOOK MANUSCRIPTSWanted — All subjects, for immediate publication. Booklet sent free.Meador Publishing Co.324 Newbury St., Boston, Mass.REAL ESTATEBROKERAGE MORTGAGESTHEBILLS CORPORATIONBenjamin F. Bills, '12, ChairmanEVERYTHING IN REAL ESTATE134 S. La Salle St. State 0266MANAGEMENT INSURANCEREFRIGERATIONPhones Lincoln 0002-3 Established ISD. A. MATOTManufacturer ofREFRIGERATORSDUMB WAITERS1538-46 MONTANA STREETRESTAURANTSMISS LINDQUIST'S CAFE5540 Hyde Park Blvd.GOOD FOOD— MODERATE PRICESA place to meet in large and small groups.Private card rooms.Telephone Midway 7809in the Broadview HotelThe Best Place to Eat on the South SideCOLONIAL RESTAURANT6324 Woodlawn Ave.Phone Hyde Park 6324\\f**Mnm*>v*VERSITY OF CHICAGO M40 THE UNIROOFERSBECKERAll types of RoofingHome InsulatingAll over Chicago and suburbs.Brunswick 2900RUGSiAshjian Bros., w.ESTABLISHED 1921Oriental and DomesticRUGSCLEANED and REPAIRED2313 E. 71st St. Phone Dor. 0009SHEET METAL WORKSECONOMY SHEET METAL WORKS•Galvanized Iron and Copper CornicesSkylights, Gutters, Down SpoutsTile, Slate and Asbestos Roofing•1927 MELROSE STREETBuckingham 1893SURGICAL SUPPORTSBRIDGE CORSETSandSURGICAL SUPPORTSBERTHA BRIDGE. DESIGNER926 Marshall Field Annex25 TelephoneE. Washington St. Dearborn 3434 ding will take place at Thorndike HiltonChapel on June 11.Haydn Jones, GS'38, to Emilie Banning of Winnetka. The wedding isplanned for summer.MARRIEDEleanor Estella Booher, '18,SM'30, to Jay C. Bowsher, December22, 1937. They are living at 828 WestI Colfax Ayenue, South Bend, Indiana.Clarence F. Lewerenz, '27, JD'29,to Gertrude C. Warnecke, February 5,1938. After a wedding trip to New Orleans and St. Petersburg, they returnedto Chicago where they are making theirhome at 4025 West 21st Street, Chicago.Robert W. Beck, '32, AM'34, to Mildred Nicks, April 30, in Ann Arbor,Michigan ; at borne, Saginaw, Michigan.Mary Ellison, '34, to Paul Mitchell Chiver, Jr., '34, on December29, 1937; at home, 2106 East 68thStreet, Chicago.Carol Kinney, '34, AM'35, to Richard E. Knudson, '36, February 10, inChicago. At home, 8058 Bennett Avenue, Chicago.Barton L. Smith, '35, to KathrynH. Drenk, March 26, Long Beach,California.BORNTo David M. Cox, '26, and Mrs. Cox,their third son, William Talbott, February 9, 1938, Chicago.To John J. McDonough, '28, andMrs. McDonough (Anne ElizabethO'Brien, AM'34) a daughter, JeanAnne, April 24, Chicago.To Mtchael Ference, '33, SM'34,PhD'37, and Mrs. Ference (MargaretWilfinger), a daughter, Lois Ann,March 26, Chicago.To Hollis F. Garrard, MD'34, andMrs. Garrard, a daughter, MarthaYvonne, February 19, Miami Beach,Florida.To John Fryer Moulds Jr., ex'35,and Mrs. Moulds, a son, John Fryer ITT,March 22, Kansas City, Missouri.DIEDCaroline Maddocks Beard, AM'96,who for more than 20 years conducted acookery column in the Chicago DailyTribune under the pen name of Jane: Eddington, died April 5, in a hospitalat Bangor, Maine, at the age of 73years.William McAfee Bruce, PhD'04,passed away on January 20, 1938. Hehad been connected with the PermutuitCorporation, as a research chemist.A. E. Peterson, '10, clergyman, diedJanuary 6, 1938. Since 1919 he hadbeen editor of the Illinois Baptist News,general superintendent of the IllinoisBaptist State Convention and directorof missionary promotion, representingIllinois in the Baptist National Missionary Organization.Herman Liu, AM'20, president ofthe University of Shanghai since 1930,was shot to death on April 7 by unidentified gunmen as he walked along aninternational settlement street inShanghai. AGAZINETEACHERS' AGENCIES (Cont,)AMERICAN COLLEGE BUREAU28 E. Jackson BoulevardChicagoA Bureau of Placement which limits itswork to the university and college field.It is affiliated with the Fisk TeachersAgency of Chicago, whose work covers allthe educational fields. Both organizationsassist in the appointment of administratorsas well as of teachers.Paul YatesjTates-Fisher Teachers9 AgencjTEstablished 1906616 South Michigan Ave., ChicagoHUGHES TEACHERS AGENCY25 E. JACKSON BLVD.Telephone Harrison 7793Chicago, III.Member National Associationof Teachers AgenciesWe Enjoy a Very Fine High School, Normal School,College and University PatronageUNIFORMSTailored Uniforms Made to MeasureWomen Doctors and Nurses, Stock sizeInterne SuitsANEDA McSWEENY1910 So. Ogden AvenueSEEley 3734 Evenings by AppointmentUPHOLSTERINGANDERSON & EKSTROMUPHOLSTERERS — DECORATORSREFINISHING — REMODELINGMATTRESSES— SHADES— DRAPERIESFurniture made to your order1040 E. 47th St. Oakland 4433Established over 40 yearsVENTILATINGThe Haines CompanyVentilating and Air ConditioningContractors1929-1937 West Lake St.Phones Seeley 2765-2766-2767X-RAY SUPPLIESX-RAY SUPPLIES& Accessories"At Your Service"Tel. Seeley 2550-51Geo. W. Brady & Co.809 So. Western Ave.TEACHERS9 AGENCIESAlbert Teachers' Agency25 E. Jackson Blvd., ChicagoEstablished 1885. Placement Bureau formen and women in all kinds of teachingpositions. Large and alert College andState Teachers' College departments forDoctors and Masters; forty per cent of ourbusiness. Critic and Grade Supervisors forNormal Schools placed every year in largenumbers; excellent opportunities. Specialteachers of Home Economics, Business Administration, Music, and Art, secure finepositions through us every year. PrivateSchools in all parts of the country amongour best patrons; good safaries. Well prepared High School teachers wanted for cityand suburban High Schools. Special manager handles Grade and Critic work. Sendfor folder today.THE BIGGEST TELEPHONE VALUE FOR YOUR MONEY(Chesterfields are made ofmild ripe tobaccos . . . rolled inpure cigarette paper . . . the bestingredients a cigarette can haveFor You... there's MORE PLEASUREin Chesterfield's milder better tasteCopyright 1938, Liggett & Myers Tobacco Co.