PERIOD R.RVOL. XXV JUNE-JULY, i933 NUMBER 8THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINEA Selection ofCHOICE HOMESFor Your Stay in Chicago• Listed here is a selected group of attractive and reasonable hotels and apartment hotels close to the University and to swift transportation to Chicago's loop.Endorsed by scores of University people, we recommend them to you, thealumni, as ideal homes during your next stay in Chicago.• THE VERSAILLES 53rd and DorchesterHere you can get the finest service combined with the quiet atmosphere of a privatehome. Close to the University and to transportation. The Versailles offers perfectaccommodations for transient or permanent guests.Hotels Rooms $45 to $70. 2-3 Room Kitchenettes $60 to $95. Mr. Shea, Mgr.Phone Fair. 0200• THE BROADVIEW HOTEL 5540 Hyde Park Blvd.Beautiful Jackson Park is just a block away with its yacht harbor, tennis courts andbridle paths. This is one of the most modern and up-to-date hotels in Chicago. Excellent dining room.Room with Private Bath $8 Weekly. Mr. Lineaweaver, Mgr. Fair 8800ornell /Wenue• CORNELL TOWERS 5346 CJust a block from Hyde Park Boulevard and from the 53rd Street I. C. Station. Acomfortable hotel apartment where you can enjoy the most complete service and thebeauties of Chicago's famous south shore.2-3 Room Kitchenettes $75 to $175. 4 Room Apartments $165 and up.Mr. Olson, Mgr. Plaza 5400© TUDOR MANOR 7416 Phillips AvenueThis delightful apartment hotel is about a mile and a half from the University but tosee it is to want to stay there. A large solarium adds to your comfort and enjoymentand the service offered is unexcelled.Hotel Rooms $45, 1-2-3 Room Apartments $55 to $95. Mrs. Blair, Mgr.Phone Reg. 1620W&t Wmbtxzity of Chicago jWaga?meRuth C. E. Earnshaw, '31Associate EditorCharlton T. Beck, '04Editor and Business ManagerMilton E. Robinson, 'h, J.D. '13Chairman, Editorial BoardFred B. Millett, Ph.D. '31, William V. Morgenstern, '20, J.D. '22, John P. Howe, y2jContributing Editors-nI Al T H IWe present President Hutchins' muchnoted speech before the Bond Club of NewYork City in May. The President's remarks made a deep impression at the time,and were recalled by many on June 10when public announcement was made ofProfessor Dodd's appointment as ambassador to Germany.$fc TIC 7fc *$J* "^TWe hear from Cyrus LeRoy Baldridgeat second hand. Carl Carmer of TheatreArts Monthly writes of the work of thisdistinguished artist in The London Studio,to which we are indebted for this article.Throughout the Magazine you will findsketches of Korean subjects, made by Mr.Baldridge on one of his trips in the East.*****Rollin Lynde Hartt, journalist, contributes an article full of the dynamite of gangland, in telling of the work of John Lan-desco, '24, social science research man forthe University and recent appointee to theIllinois State Board of Pardons and Paroles.&. j& ^k. il£. \t/^T? 7F? TfT 7fl? 7JCMany thousands of students in all partsof the world heard with regret of the re tirement of Hervey Mallory, for many yearsdirector of the Home-Study Department atthe University. We print in this issue buta few of the letters of appreciation andpraise that came to Mr. Mallory this spring.It would be impossible to overestimate thescope of his influence in his field of work.Those who were unable to visit Chicagofor June Reunion may read the details ofClass, Professional School and general College Reunion activities. The report of theThird Alumni Conference is augmented byexcerpts from the speeches made by theundergraduates who commented on theworking of the New Plan at the sessiondevoted to the College. Preston Cutler,known as "Red," is a freshman, just completing his first year of work in the generalcourses. Louise Craver, a sophomore, looksback at two years of the New College andits extra-curriculum activities.-T» *T» *1v 7lvOur cover this month shows one of Harper Towers in the background, with agenerous allowance of ivied wall to remindyou how pleasant the quadrangles are inthe summer time.The Magazine is published at 1009 Sloan St., Crawfordsville, Ind., monthly from Novemberto July, inclusive, for The Alumni Council of the University of Chicago, 58th St. and Ellis Ave.,Chicago, 111. The subscription price is $2.00 per year; the price of single copies is 25 cents.Entered as second class matter December 10, 1924, at the Post Office at Crawfordsville, Indiana,under the Act of March 3, 1879.345*>^V«A*^p^>^s55K,^t P&;fy(X CJ^V^' (^.-<s, (LA*-* Iw jj~*w' "^"l^* ^*Vv,These Poilu sketches luere given to the University of Chicago Magazine by Cyrus LeRoy Baldridge, 'II. An article about his latest publications appears in this issue of the Magazine.34«Vol. xxv N o . 8UmUcrsiti' of ChicagoiHaga?titeJUNE-JULY, 1933+• : : ¦+The Professor Is Sometimes RightBy Robert Maynard Hutchins, President, The University of ChicagoMY BRIEF remarks this afternoonare entitled "The Professor IsSometimes Right." I propose totell you why he is right and how he is right.In addition to performing this extraordinaryfeat I shall also indicate from time to timethat there have been occasions on which hehas been wrong. These I shall explain toyour complete satisfaction, and shall leaveyou with the gratifying conviction that theprofessor is sometimes right.We must first inquire who the professoris. And in this investigation I must urge youto banish from your minds the picture ofhim which you have cherished since yourcollege days, or which you have constructedfrom a regular perusal of the funny papers.The charmingly eccentric old gentlemenwho were on the verge of retirement whenyou were in college have long since passedthat boundary, and most of them have passedanother still more serious. Their placeshave been taken by men about your age,many of them your classmates. Unless youare prepared to think of yourselves as delightful antiques with long white beardsyou cannot make that particular caricatureof your contemporaries who have becomeprofessors. Nor can you embrace the vain delusionthat professors are cloistered theorists whoknow nothing of what is going on in theworld. I am prepared to make, if necessary,an extended oration in defence of theory,and to prove to you that a preoccupationwith facts, which can seldom be fully knownand which are always in change, will leadto nothing but confusion unless ideas, whichare immutable and which can be understood,receive their proper share of attention. Thisoration, you will be relieved to know, isquite unnecessary, because the professor isno longer a mere theorist, if indeed he everwas. The great developments in the studyof the law and the social sciences in the lastfifteen years have resulted from the effortto understand the law in action and societyin operation. The work of Merriam inpolitical science, of Ogburn in sociology, ofMitchell in economics, of the Yale LawSchool on the administration of justice hasall rested on the study of observablephenomena. Indeed if this work can becriticized it is only from the standpointthat rigorous theoretical analysis plays toosmall a role in it. Today I do not know asingle social scientist who is not studying,and studying hard, the world in which we347348 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINElive. You may say, as too many people do,that they do not agree about the results oftheir study. This is true as to details; butI should say that professors have been exhibiting remarkable unanimity on basicissues affecting our government and oursociety.By this I do not mean to imply that theprofessor has now become a practical man.As has been frequently remarked and amplydemonstrated in recent years, practical menare those who practise the errors of theirforefathers. The professor who is sometimes right studies the practices of practicalmen ; if he wishes to stay right he does notpractise them. The reason why few soundeconomists will today venture a predictionas to what the government's inflationaryprogram will accomplish is that its consequences depend upon the mass psychologyof business men. The predictions of economists in the past three years have manytimes gone wrong because they have assumedthat business men in a given situation wouldbehave in a reasonably intelligent manner.The economist can sometimes tell the business man what is the intelligent thing to do.He cannot make him do it. If enoughbusiness men do not do it it may cease to bethe intelligent thing to do.Now why is the professor sometimesright? In the first place he is likely to beright because his sole desire is to be right.He has entered the profession because he isinterested in the pursuit of truth for itsown sake. He has no vested interests whichhe is struggling to protect. He has no axto grind; he will not be a grindstone foranybody else. His income is small. Heknows it always will be, and he knew itwhen he decided to become a professor.The average professor of full rank in thiscountry receives less than five thousanddollars a year and the most that any ofthem can hope to achieve is ten. Professors'salaries should be raised so that we mayoffer a decent living wage to those whom weare trying to press into a life of scholarship.But they will never reach such heights thatthe professor will lose that fine impartialitywith which he customarily regards thethings of this world. Finally, the professor is absolutely independent. When he attainsfull rank he attains permanent tenure.From this position he can be dislodged onlyfor misconduct or incompetence. And theinterpretation of these words is so strict thatit is news whenever a professor is removed.Against the onslaughts of a hostile president,a nervous board of trustees, or a distrustfulpublic the professor is secure. He is freeto exercise his reason even though it leadshim to criticize established policies or institutions, including the institution he servesand the policies thereof.There are some qualifications on this, ofcourse. An intelligent person is more likelyto be right than a stupid one; and not allprofessors are intelligent. In the secondplace, the reasons which make it almostinevitable that the professor should be rightabout the world, the country, or otherpeople's business, have no application to hisown. The professor is not always rightabout education, because there he has vestedinterests, personal ambitions, and ancienthabits, all of which he wishes consciouslyor otherwise to protect. Every great changein American education has been secured overthe dead bodies of countless professors. Ineducation the professor is a practical man.Education needs nothing so much as to havea group of experts studying it who are notparts of the system and who will examineit with the same cold and penetrating glancethat the professor directs at the world abouthim. Finally, the professor loses his potential rightness if and when he becomes a business man. He may be a good businessman — but he abandons pro tanto the detachment and the love of truth which assist himto be right in his professorial capacity. Inother words the professor is sometimes rightas long as he remains a professor. To theextent to which he becomes something elsehe must become less frequently right.You will say that all this may be true intheory, but that it has nothing to do withthe facts of life. And I will admit that ifthese suggestions had been made four yearsago they would have been regarded as thegrossest heresy. Those were the days.Those were the days when the New Eracast its rosy glow over the operations ofTHE PROFESSOR IS SOMETIMES RIGHT 349practical men, and when intelligence was apositive handicap to success. Professorswho ventured at that day to suggest that allwas not well with our society were put downby the deafening silence which greeted ideasin the Coolidge administration. They werereds or pinks — but they could be disregarded. Some of them actually thoughtthat "take the government out of business"was a silly slogan. Obviously they wereinsane. I am prepared to defend the proposition that the Insull travesty could havebeen avoided if the public had been in anymood to pay attention to the repeated warnings that issued from the universities inChicago. In this period almost all the professors of economics in the country urgedMr. Hoover not to sign the Hawley-Smoottariff bill. He signed it, and gave newimpetus to the world depression. The firstphase of that depression produced a differentattitude, and I think, a hostile one. Professors were now dangerous. Admittedlythings were bad ; but the less said the better.This was the period in which Mr. Hooverwas preaching the doctrine of salvation byincantation. We were going to whistle ourselves into prosperity, with stiff upper lips,chins thrust forward, and various otherfacial distortions symptomatic of ruggedAmerican individualism. The phrase I usedto hear most frequently then was "Don'trock the boat." At this stage business menwere shocked to hear that professors believedthat the Federal government must assist theStates in relieving the unemployed. Nowmany of them spend much of their time inWashington demanding Federal funds forthe unemployed in their local communities.As recently as last January some professorsurged on the President's Conference on theCrisis in Education a resolution calling forimmediate efforts to raise the level of commodity prices. The next day a leading NewYork newspaper published an editorial entitled "Educators Adrift." Three monthslater our most prominent private bankerpublicly commended Mr. Roosevelt's actiondesigned to secure the exact result the educators had urged. I have yet to see aneditorial entitled "J. P. Morgan Adrift."The new devices which are being tried have many of them originated with professorsand some of them are being conductedunder their personal supervision.Now for all I know some things may besaid against these gentlemen. I know fewof them personally. I cannot speak of theirsocial graces, their individual talents, ortheir domestic habits. They may be opento criticism in some or all of these importantareas. But I do feel competent to pass onthe principal if not the sole criticism that Ihave heard since Mr. Roosevelt moved thegovernment to Washington, which is thathis advisers are professors. It is preciselybecause they are professors that they havesomething to contribute which neither business men nor politicians have yet offered.As long as they remain professors and become neither politicians nor business menthey will make this contribution. And thatcontribution is the application of a clear,disinterested, honest, trained intelligence tothe great problems that confront us. Suchintelligence some politicians and businessmen possess; it is not the outstanding characteristic of their craft. Nor can it besuggested that many of those who have ruledus in the past ten years have given muchevidence of it. In Plato's Utopia philosophers were kings, and kings philosophers.I see no reason to be downhearted if Americais moving toward the platonic ideal.Unless we believe that we know all aboutour society, and unless we are entirely satisfied with it as it is today, we may count itwise to provide for the presence in it ofmen whose sole task it is to study it witha critical eye. Sometimes they may be right.At present there is not a single great centerof social research in the United States. Individuals here and there are carrying ontheir investigations with remarkable fruit-fulness and skill. We need more of them,and we need to supply them with the facilities and associations which the best resultsrequire.Surely if the light of reason is everto guide our people, the search for truthmust go on unabated, and the truth whenfound must be revealed to us\ The professors are our delegates, conducting thisgreat enterprise in behalf of all the nation.Cyrus Le Roy BaldridgeBy Carl CarmerAssociate Editor Theatre Arts MonthlyIT IS singularly fitting that the WestAfrican water-colors and sketches ofCyrus Le Roy Baldridge, the Americanartist, acquired recently by Samuel Insull,of Chicago, and presented by him to FiskUniversity, Nashville, Tennessee, shouldconstitute a permanent exhibit in the library of thisNegro institution, whereinterest in African culturesand peoples is fostered.President of the Guild ofFree Lance Artists of NewYork City, where he maintains a permanent studio inthat settlement of artists andwriters — Greenwich Village— Cyrus Le Roy Baldridgeis an interesting and originalfigure whose career, neverdesignedly spectacular, has,however, consistently deviated from the commonplace.Of German and Englishdescent, born in 1889 on afarm in Alton, New York, hebecame widely known duringthe World War, while serving with the French armyand later as an official artistwith the "Stars and Stripes,"that extraordinary trenchnewspaper staffed by enlistedmen of the American Expeditionary Force. It was then that hefirst received recognition as an artist endowed with an unusual capacity for sensitive interpretation of human character, asa mature draughtsman whose work betrayed a profound and unswerving regardfor such masters as Vierge, Forain, Derain,Lautrec and Degas, masters of line andmasters also of characterization.The preoccupation with line, with whicheven his water-colors are fraught, is likelyto be misunderstood by any whose devotion to the cliches of modernism amounts to bigotry as evidence of a conservative mind andan academic background. On the contrary,Baldridge, intensively liberal in art, and asteadfast opponent of standardization, isnot the product of any art academy. Hisonly experience as an "artstudent" came at the age often, when he attended theChicago School of Illustration. There he came underthe influence of the lateFrank Holme, a vigorous andindependent personality. Inafter years, the memory ofthis friendship continued tostimulate Holme's youngestpupil. Otherwise, this artist, who cannot now recall atime when he was not drawing, remained wary of formalart education, choosing instead independent observation and experimentation.After graduation from theUniversity of Chicago he became a cow-puncher in orderto observe the rapidly vanishing western life. At the outbreak of the Great War heimmediately set out forBelgium. This excursionwas abruptly terminated byPrussian officers, who firmlyurged him to depart from the country.Nevertheless, he returned with sketches. In1916, having joined a cavalry troop of theNational Guard, he found himself on activeduty in the unromantic berth of stablesergeant with the United States Army onthe Mexican border. Here again he foundopportunities for sketching. At the closeof the World War his collected war sketcheswere published under the title, "I WasThere."Next, after a year in China he returned,* The accompanying illustrations nvere made in Korea.350CYRUS LEROY BALDRIDGE 35iA\\\%to *****bringing a bulging portfolio and an incurablenostalgia for Peking to which — after a season of traditional artistic vagabondageamong the hill-towns of Umbria and Tuscany — he returned, accompanied by hiswife, a journalist, Caroline Singer. Thissecond Oriental sojourn was, in his opinion,more productive than the first. For inJapan, he became the devoted friend ofSeijo Takeuchi, former Court painter, thegrand old man of the Academy in Kyoto —Japan's Paris — who is credited with beingthe first Japanese artist to break not withChinese brush technique, but with Chinesetradition. Few examples of Seijo Take-uchi's work escape Japanese connoisseurs.One, however, hangs in the Luxembourg;another in Berlin. And down by thewharves in Manhattan, there is one in thestudio of Baldridge, who ranks his friendas one of the greatest artists of his time,A sequel to this second Oriental journeywas another book of Baldridge picturescalled "Turn to the East," beautifully reproduced in aquatone by William EdwinRudge, and accompanied by supplementarytext from the pen of Miss Singer, a happycollaboration since pictures and text shareand sustain the same interpretative mood.This was followed by a term of NewYork residence, broken only by gipsying from coast to coast in a battered motor-car.Meanwhile, however, Baldridge had becomeintensely interested in the wide range oftype and the beauty evident among American Negroes. And then as casually as iftravelling only to Europe, he sailed fromNew York harbour, in company with hiswife, bound for the Canary Islands and theGuinea Coast of Africa, taking the minimum of personal luggage, and the maximumof art supplies.This prolonged roaming, involving extreme hardship in a land where civilizedcomforts are unobtainable and where theclimate is notoriously inimical to whites, resulted in another successful collaborationentitled "White Africans and Black," inwhich are incorporated more than threehundred sketches and water-colors — reproduced, as formerly, in aquatone by WilliamEdwin Rudge. These pictures are, forseveral reasons, unique. Aside from theirsound artistic merit, they form the mostcomplete authentic record of contemporaryWest African peoples yet made by any artist,a record anthropologically valuable and notlikely to be duplicated, since there are fewmen who possess sufficient enthusiasm tofortify themselves during the perpetualdangers and discomforts peculiar to a prolonged stay in tropical West Africa.ffIA Korean StudentIndia in ChicagoIN CONNECTION with the Haskell Foundation Lectures on Oriental Cultureat the University this July, the Friends of India are presenting several performances of the world-famous Hindu classic, "The Little Clay Cart." There will be sixperformances at International House, July 7, 8, 28, 29, at 8:30 and matinees July 8 and28; July 13 and 20 the play goes on at Mandel Hall.The Little Clay Cart has been received with great acclaim whenever it has been presented to the American audience, for not only is it entertaining and of significant educational value, but it embodies an attempt to present in trustworthy translation some of thegreatest works of Hindu literature, philopsophy, religion, art — in short, all the elementsthat make up early Hindu civilization. This play has in it something of ten centuries oflife.The production of the play is under the direction of Luther Greene, who has successfully staged Emperor Jones and Camille at the International House theatre. The castis well chosen and presents outstanding names in the professional theatre world. Proceedsfrom the program will be given over to the University of Chicago for establishing a fellow-ship for an Indian woman student. Dr. and Mrs. Arthur H. Compton and Mr. Carle-ton Washburne are the trustees of fellowship funds. Mr. S. Muzaffar Ahmed, International House, Chicago, is the chairman of the committee of the Friends of India incharge of arrangements.¦ya-V ,-...,>¦The Wall at Seoul, Korea352Landesco Knows the GangstersBy Rollin Lynde HarttIN CHICAGO'S Pineapple Belt theother night (or was it morning?) Icalled upon a family of refreshing burglars and murderers. How nice they are,and on the whole how dutiful ! They nevermiss church. Nothing can tempt them toeat meat on Friday. The sorrow of theirlives is knowing that, when eventually"bumped off," they will not be laid to restin holy ground.John Landesco took me to visit them.He studies gangsters for the University ofChicago, in whose service he is compiling a"Who's Who" of crime. They all know it,and obligingly assist. Gangsters sometimesdemand to see his manuscript in order tomake sure that their crimes are accuratelyrecorded and their names correctly spelled.They call him "Professor," though he isinstead a research man, and if he neglectsthem they come to his office near the La-Salle Hotel and ask, "Where is the Professor? Why hasn't he been around?"As much as an hour we stayed, gossipingwith those ingratiating burglars and murderers in a block where every house has arecord of from one to five killings. Youshould have heard their quiet talk. Aboutthis "mob" and that. About "machine-gunpolitics." About who was in hospital aftera "jam." About the many now in Joliet,Pontiac, or St. Charles after a "bum rap"and a "fall." Of the dead, they spokereverently.Through it all, there sat Landesco — theimpeccable, the learned, the more than well-to-do — perfectly at home. A simple enoughstory explains how he got there.His people came to Chicago from Rumania when he was ten — he is now forty-one — and, because they understood Italian,lived for the first few months in an Italianquarter, where he went to school with anurchin named Ulo. Eight years ago, whilea graduate student at the University ofChicago, he met the author of a book abouthoboes, and through him became acquaintedwith an ex-convict, who, as it turned out,had lived in that same Italian quarter and known that same Ulo. Bond of brotherhood ! The ex-convict took to Landesco instantly.At the time, Chicago had just witnesseda particularly ostentatious gangster funeral.Ten-thousand dollar casket. Twenty-fourautomobile loads of flowers. A hundred andtwenty-two automobile-loads of mourners.All in all, a phenomenon well calculated tointerest the Local Community Researchstaff at the University.Not long thereafter, Landesco's ex-convict rose to be doorman at a gamblinghouse owned by the eminent Al (Scarf ace)Capone.Landesco was made — behind him theUniversity and at his right hand the devoted ex-convict, through whom the chieftains above and the groundlings below soonheard of him as a harmless "professor,"worthy to be received everywhere, because"only wanting to understand."True it is. He never meddles, is notgetting anybody into trouble, is not set onreforming anybody ; just a specialist in socialscience "wanting to understand." Or no,not that alone. In addition, he is a friend,visiting gangsters in hospital or in prison,writing to the authorities to extricate agangster falsely accused, and following deadgangsters to their graves.I first met Landesco in the President'soffice at the University of Chicago. Looking out through leaded glass upon Gothiccourts whose walls were richly tapestriedwith ivy, I had rather curious sensations asthe "Professor" discoursed familiarly ofDingbat Oberta, Nails Morton, Hot StoveJimmy, Mops Vulpi, Spike O'Donnell,Dynamite Joe, Bummy Goldstein, andMike de Pike; for I had not then visitedthe Pineapple Belt in the small hours orguessed how pleasant a family of nice burglars and murderers can be. With winningmanners and a clear conscience, all that theyask is to be taken at their true worth.Fully to appreciate Landesco, you mustsee him in his dainty apartment* near theLake Front out beyond Jackson Park. With353354 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEall that love of beautiful surroundings, whywill he go hobnobbing with gangsters onthe hideous West Side? He says the impulse is purely scientific. I say it isn't.Watch him with Tony, his frolicsome bulldog, and you will know that the realLandesco underneath the scientist is a compound of playfulness and affection. Gangsters are great fun. At the same time, theyget a tremendous hold on his sympathies.He is no Lombroso, prating of a "criminaltype." Unlike our psychiatrists, he is notthinking of crime as a disease. Gangstersare people, sane and sound, the most ofthem. The tragic thing wrong is not theirnature but their world.Take Landesco's interesting acquaintance,the gun-girl. Undeniably she did say, "Iam an Italian. Damn proud of it. Thewops are the greatest people. Look whowe got! Al Capone, the world's biggestbootlegger; Jack McGurn, best machine-gunner in town; Marino, the best daringboy of the Forty-two Gang. Then we gotthe best bomb-makers and bomb-throwers."But in her world those are standard ideas,entirely orthodox and conventional. Shehad not become a gun-girl for what therewas in it. She sought to be respected.In her world, crime is respectable. "Whoaround here hasn't got a record?" they say.More than that, they look upon a record asa kind of Distinguished Service Cross, wineand dine a boy just back from prison, andhave only contempt for a "poor workingstiff." Their fathers worked, and see thosefathers now. Poverty-stricken in their honest grime. Broken down. Whereas, the"big shot" is "a man in the bucks," withgood clothes, a fine car, four girls from theburlesque show, and the esteem of an admiring neighborhood. Meanwhile, behold thegreat overlords of crime. Millionaires.Providing lavishly for their families. Liberal in their gifts to the church. Publicbenefactors in that they enable their henchmen to open saloons and get rich. Supporting always a well-paid militia. Honored when they die.Though the Catholic Church and thenewspapers have made it bad form for congressmen, aldermen, and judges to show off at gangster funerals, it is only a fewyears since Big Jim Colisimo and AnthonyD'Andrea were buried in style. Amongthe honorary pall-bearers at D'Andrea'sfuneral there were twenty-two judges-among those at Big Jim Oolisimo's therewere three judges, eight aldermen, an assistant State's attorney, a State representative,two congressmen, and several stars from theChicago Opera Company.In his contribution to the Illinois CrimeCommission's report, Landesco describes thepomp at a number of such affairs. Readingbetween the lines, you get his idea as tohow they have affected opinion in the gangster's world, where it appears that crime hasthe approval, or more than the approval,of the world outside ; and yet you will findLandesco far less interested in the end ofa gangster's career than in its beginnings.The Pineapple Belt has no yards. Indoors,the rooms are dark. Consequently, childrenmust play in the street. Honest parentsask, "Are those good kids out there?" Thechildren say, "Yes, they are good kids."The truth is, every youngster in the blockhas been a thief almost from his toddlingdays, and presently a child of honest parents comes in with something he "found inthe alley." That is the start.A few years ago a specialist at the University of Chicago studied what he called"delinquency areas." A single area, so hediscovered, might change its nationality fiveor six times without changing its morale,for, as children of a new nationality movedin, they learned from those already there,while a mother would be saying, "Whatmakes my boy steal when his father is sohonest? He must be nuts."The first depredations are small. Littleboys steal skates, or rob clothes lines, orbreak open the penny-in-the-slot machine.Older, they loot trucks', steal tires, evensteal cars. Still older, they go in for robbing stores, holding up pedestrians, hijacking speakeasies and gambling resorts, and,when sufficiently audacious, robbing banks.In all this, as Landesco will tell you, theprincipal urge is furnished by that noxiousattendant of street life, the gang.That the gang has certain incidental vir-LANDESCO KNOWS THE GANGSTERS 355tues, Landesco admits. "The gang boyknows its manly courage and loyalty," hesays. "His gang partners have suffered thebeatings of the police, confinement and torture for him and he for them. He has beencarried from under the fire of the enemyby his friends, and he has rescued them inturn. He has received money from themwhen he was broke or ragged or in troublewith the police and has helped them in turn."But what are the gang's dreams? Whomdoes it glorify? Landesco replies, "The successful burglar, Val-entmesque inners, dress,attraction for— the 'big man-andgirlsshot'who, at a charitydance for the benefit of an old friendin jail for a stickup,buys a full page devoted to his namealone and contributed with his compliments."When the timearrives for the boyto think seriously ofa career, that Valen-tinesque figure, andnot his own poor,grimy, broken-downfather's is the onethat captures hisimagination. Whynot live by crime, and enjoy life while living ? Why indeed ?Though conscience enters in not at all,he recognizes certain obstacles, among themthe police. Gangsters get "pushed around."They get "picked up" and "thrown in."But reflect. Chicago covers two hundredand eight square miles with only one policeman for every nine hundred Chicagoans.Besides, a gangster has learned to "whipcorners" in his car at fifty miles an hour.The "squad car" tries it and climbs a pole.Even if caught, the lad knows "fixers."Anything can be "fixed," or if not, there areways of terrorizing witnesses and getting off.From grim experience, gangsters are aware that occasionally punishment does followcrime, but in each instance they declare thatit was a "bum rap" — the culprit had been"framed" or "double-crossed" or the lawmade a tool of by some enemy gang.It is true that expenses run high in gangdom; true, also, that the profits, are notclear gain, for the receiver of stolen goodsmust' live. A stolen dress, suit, or top-coatbrings only four dollars; a stolen bicyclebrings only five, or possibly ten — at mostnot more than fifteen. A stolen tire bringsnine. For a stolenPierce or Packardthe "fence" paystwo hundred dollars, for a stolenBuick or Chrysler ahundred and fifty,for a stolen Fordseventy-five. Moreover, luck may fail.What if you raid abeer flat on tipsfrom the police andget barely elevendollars ? What iftips are your ruin?As one gangster putsit, "working on tipsis more lousy (dangerous) than working blind ; the tipstermay be a stool-pigeon, or a leak, ora trap."All this, however, applies only to privateering in crime, and innumerable are theopenings for steady employment with somevice, gambling, beer, or crime syndicate —operating on a grand scale. The driver ofa beer truck makes anywhere from threeto four hundred dollars a week. Once inwith a syndicate, a gangster may rise toalmost any height. Witness Al Capone.Nothing but a common thug from NewYork's lower East Side when he began inChicago as body-guard to Colisimo.During the night of my visit to thosecharming burglars and murderers in thePineapple Belt, we had glimpses, such asthey were, of syndicates in action. "ThereProfessor" and the Pup356 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEgoes a beer-truck," said Landesco, as a flying house on wheels thundered by; "nowwatch for the convoy." In a saloon, wheregambling went on unmolested, he remarked,"This is the directors' room, syndicate headquarters," and in a wet restaurant, "Thisbelongs to Al Capone's successor." On ourway home in the small hours, I saw a groupof girls out on the sidewalk and a patrolwagon at the curb. "Raid," he observed."Some little difficulty between the syndicateand either the police or the politicians."At least once that night, I got a momentary close-up of gangdom's unamiable side.Losing his way, Landesco dropped in amongarmed strangers to inquire. The look intheir faces and the tone of their ferocious"Who are You?" were a bit disturbing —that is, until they realized that he was onlythe "Professor" out investigating crime forthe University of Chicago, when not thebiggest chieftains of the biggest crime syndicate could have been nicer to us.In putting it thus, I do not at all meanto imply that crime syndicates, as such, areamiable. They are exceedingly unamiable,and at war with one another, and that isone reason why they employ gangsters ; buthere again I wish not to be misunderstood.Like Landesco, I see why they are at war.In their position, butchers, bakers andcandlestick-makers would be at war.It takes an immense body of law to maintain peace among butchers, bakers, andcandlestick-makers — laws forbidding restraint of trade, laws to enforce honesty,laws against cut-throat competition. Anybutcher, baker, or candlestick-maker with agrievance can take his case to court, andthere are trade associations and gentlemen'sagreements to forestall grievances. Stillagain, any butcher, baker, or candlestick-maker assailed by bandits can howl for thepolice.In the underworld, not so. If one syndicate sells beer at fifty dollars a barrel andanother cuts the price to forty ; if one chainof gambling houses runs another out; or ifone red-light trust invades another's territory, there is nothing for it but bombs orgunplay. Meanwhile, a great uneasinessprevails throughout the underworld, where nobody feels safe. Right into one's elegantspeakeasy comes a gang of imposters pretending to be dry agents. One's very beertrucks are held up, and on one's own head,like as not, there is a price. Impossible to gointo court and say to His Honor, "I, a respectable law-breaker, am annoyed beyondendurance, and want justice." It wouldhardly go down.Hence militia. Each vice, beer, gambling or crime syndicate must have its mercenaries, well-armed, well-disciplined, andwell-paid — gangsters all. Thanks to thehigh mortality among these defenders ofthe otherwise defenseless, any adolescenthandy with a "heater" can aspire to jointhem. If he is handy with a machine-gun,so much the better, for then one of Chicago'sgreat war lords may take him on. Or somepowerful racketeer may; for, while wordsgo far toward terrorizing a business or employees' association, deeds go further.The end of it all, however, is not pleasant,nor is the road leading to that end entirelyso, and the gangster's philosophy of consolation lacks much of being satisfactory."It's better to be in prison than free andpoor," he says, not more than half meaningit. He even says, "It's fun to live a markedman." In his heart he asks, "Wouldn't itbe jollier not to live a marked man?" andentertains a suspicion that, despite its goldenpromises, crime does not pay.Twenty-five of Landesco's young friendsin the Pineapple Belt have been "bumpedoff," so far. One member of that family ofamiable burglars and murderers upon whomwe called is maimed for life, and takes nogreat comfort in remembering that he killedhis assailant. The rest do not seem especially happy. They do not seem very prosperous. They have a decent enough apartment, but nothing wonderful ; they are onlymoderately well dressed. The mother, thatnight, was a bit shabby, and told us whatsums went to the criminals who live uponcriminals.Not from any change of heart, but purelyas a result of weighing practical considerations, gangsters sometimes think of "goingstraight" and now and then a gangster triesit. But "going straight" is both ingloriousLANDESCO KNOWS THE GANGSTERS 357and difficult. Where can he find a job, orhow can he keep one if found? He has noreferences. He knows no trade, has noworking habits, and anybody employing himwill soon discover what sort he is, for hisevery other word betrays him; that nightin the Pineapple Belt, Landesco stopped forgas, and out came a stalwart youth whosetalk bristled with such expressions as"heater," "jam," "pushed around," "pickedup," and "muscle in." Then, too, a gangster who stoops to earn an honest living invites ridicule ; when one of Landesco's youngfriends went to work with pick and shovel,his former "mob" congregated to look onand jeered, "Have you really got a yen tobe a poor working stiff?"Occasionally a gangster not only reforms,but stays reformed, and there are peoplewho insist that Landesco, with the University of Chicago behind him, should be exerting himself definitely and vigorously towardshowing gangsters the error of their ways.They see the splendid things accomplishedby the University of Chicago Settlement"back of the Yards," and say, "Landescohas an opportunity even greater, for he goeswhere no settlement worker can hope to go,and knows criminals in whose eyes a settlement worker is as much to be shunnedas a policeman. To put it in gangsterese,his would be 'an inside job.' "Well, so it would — and the end of allhis exploring.But this is not the sole reason why theUniversity of Chicago sanctions his completelack of missionary purpose. The Universitybelieves in finding out things, and it knowsby long experience that the best way to findthings out is to have no other purpose whatsoever while at it; for, the moment a research man gets to moralizing or to theorizing, or to considering what should be doneabout the things he is finding out, he ceasesto be a trustworthy research man. Opiniondistorts observation. Motive prevents accuracy. The University does not even wishLandesco to consider in odd moments howuseful to uplifters and reformers, eventually, may be his painstakingly scientific reports on gangdom as he has seen it close up.The University treats him as it treats re search workers in the laboratories of its greatmedical school ; they are not there to benefithumanity; they are there for the joy of it —which is much better. Nine-tenths of theimportant discoveries in medicine have beenmade by men who were amusing themselves,and by the same token a roving Landescois likeliest to turn up something of valuewhen he looks upon Chicago more or lessas a pathologist might look upon an obligingguinea-pig thirty-four miles long.Note a certain sharp difference, however.Pathologists do not deeply love their guinea-pigs, and it is clear that Landesco deeplyloves Chicago, though in a sense it is not hiscity. He grew up in Milwaukee and, beforecoming to the University was engaged inrehabilitation work among ex-service menthere. An orderly place, that Milwaukee.By comparison with Chicago, quite a miracle of civic decency. But do not on thataccount run down Chicago in talking withLandesco. He is quick to defend it, andwell he may be. We heard no rattle ofmachine-guns in the Pineapple Belt, saw nocorpses littering the streets, and for once, atleast, rival militias were not out in forcelaying down barrages. They seldom are.Even Cicero, Al Capone's town adjoiningthe city, is in the main dull and uninteresting, a kind of stupider Bronx. In Chicagoitself, gangsters, though innumerable despite continuous decimation are not the soleinhabitants, and, as Landesco points out,there are special reasons why Chicago hasgangsters.Of its three million people, with a millionmore in suburbs, one-third were born inEurope, and Chicago is young, quite the biggest new thing on earth. It started as afrontier town. In a sense, it is still a frontier town, to which come the same desperados that once sought Bloody Gulch. In asense no less real, it is still but an overgrownvillage. As Landesco observes, it has "themachinery of a village and a combinationof ward, township and county government,while it is everywhere handicapped by thefact that it is after all but a subordinatemunicipality, governed in many things bythe Legislature, deprived of the right of self-government in many material matters, and358 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEsubject to the restrictions of a constitutionwhich was created for an agricultural stateand with no idea that within the borders ofIllinois would be situated a great metropolis."Worse, there are two Chicagos. AlongMichigan Boulevard and the Lake Front,a Twentieth Century Chicago, brilliantlyprogressive. In the river wards, a Fourteenth Century Chicago, where feudal barons, with their companies of armed retainers, wage war upon society and one another,and make or unmake the city's rulers, who,thus controlled, involve the city in a partnership with crime. Neither of these twoChicagos understands the other.With civic conscience fully awake, theTwentieth Century Chicago rages against"machine-gun politics," banditry, racketeering, and gangsterism in general. It organizes this reform movement and that, fightshere, fights there, deposes chiefs of policeone after another with dizzying rapidity,but, in all its zeal, gets exactly nowhere.Landesco, looking on, calls reform "a folk-dance."In the Fourteenth Century Chicago, overlord succeeds overlord in a kind of royalsuccession, and each reigns long, while lesserbarons and their crew maintain the same establishments at the same address year afteryear. If now and then a gang is broken up,the fragments become new gangs and grow.Three hundred thousand arrests per annumdo not visibly reduce vice or gambling orbeer-running or robbery or crimes of violence.The two Chicagos come nearest to understanding each other in prison, where a Fourteenth Century outlaw meets a TwentiethCentury defaulter, and concludes, "TheseGold Coast nabobs are a good deal likegangsters after all. Funny that they shouldwant to reform us!"Landesco is trying to bring the two Chicagos together — or at least to help the mod ern Chicago to understand the mediaevalChicago, which, in its simplicity, very muchdesires to be understood. It feels that it ismisrepresented by the newspapers andgrossly misjudged by the police, who "pushit around" most unsympathetically. Largesections of it are moved to wrath, nationalistic in spirit, when, as often happens, Michigan Avenue and the Lake Front get out ofpatience with sporadic offenders, and indicta whole race.Lunching with faculty members at theQuadrangle Club, shortly after my foraywith Landesco in the Pineapple Belt, I happened to speak of it. They were a little surprised, as he has not advertised himself atthe University. For years, their University's Social Science Department has beenexploring Chicago's underworld with scientific thoroughness. This time, however,the exploration reaches a field more thanusually well sown with dynamite. "Tastesdiffer of course," said a botanist across thetable, "but I don't quite think I'd care forthat job. I'll stick to my roots and herbs —it's safer."Whereas, I had never a more agreeablesense of genuine, soul-reposing security thanwhen calling with Landesco upon that family of refreshing burglars and murderers.Why should they waste ammunition ontwo harmless visitors, especially when oneof those two was bent on recording theircrimes and setting them right with an un-appreciative world?Nothing "happens" to Landesco, or ifsomething does, it unhappens. One nightwhen he was out lecturing on criminology,gangsters stole his car, but on discoveringthat they had robbed their own "Professor,"they were in an agony of grief and broughtit back with apologies which, for chivalricgrace and sweetness, outrivaled the Fourteenth Century itself. Harm a criminologist? Angels and saints in Heaven, forbid!Hervey Mallory Retires"My dear Mr. Mallory:"Sitting in the study of my Californiaparadise on March 10 at 6:55 p.m., busilycorrecting Home-Study papers for the University of Chicago, I suddenly realized thata world could end. My chair swayed thisway and that, other furniture made unwonted gyrations, a clock stopped, also myheart, and the ceiling, I knew, was comingdown. Somewhere above was the horriblenoise as of a fleet of trucks pounding over arocky road and the heavens were ominouslydark. An earthquake with all its horrorswas upon us, yet in a few minutes I waswriting on the margin of a paper: 'Pleaseexcuse the blot — we have just had an earthquake.' Later, after a hundred or a thousand quakes had shattered my nerves, Itook stock of my major disasters since Ihave been teaching by mail. Here they are— two train wrecks, one in Colorado, one inPennsylvania, a Mississippi tornado and aCalifornia earthquake. Aghast I asked myself, 'What next?'"Only two months later, on the 10th ofMay, came the cataclysmic answer. It wasthe news that you are retiring from theHome-Study Department at the end of thepresent quarter. Talk about disasters ! Thiswas not only a rattling ceiling and weirdseismological disturbances, it was a crashingof the whole structure of Home-Study overmy head. To me you have always stood forthe work we are engaged in. You andHome-Study are one and indivisible. Workin the Department without your guidanceseems unthinkable. I reach for my pen. Imust resign. Ink drips on the paper, then'Please excuse the blot, we've just had anearthquake,' comes to mind while in a sanermoment I realize that the edifice you havespent many good years of your life in building is not toppling over our heads. Youhave earned your respite. Those of us whohave worked with you because we believein what we are doing, must not hide behindcowardly resignations. Rather must wekeep up the good work. ..."Annie Marion MacLean' This is only one of the impressive collection of letters sent to Hervey Mallory, formany years Director of Home-Study at theUniversity of Chicago, upon the announcement of his retirement this spring.His many friends in Chicago gave abanquet in his honor on May 27, and everyeffort was made to show him how deeplythe University and his great army of students all over the world appreciate the workhe has done in developing his department.A few excerpts from letters read andspeeches made at the testimonial banquetwill give the best picture of Mr. Mallory'sachievements and his place in the affectionsof those with whom he has worked.In part, Mr. W. H. Lighty, Director ofHome-Study at the University of Wisconsin, who gave the principal address of theevening, said, "Tonight I stand in thepresence of distinguished representativesof this great institution of higher learning. I feel myself, moreover, also inthe presence of those apotheosized spirits,Dr. Harper and his pioneering colleagues who have gone before, as well asof those who are here vivaciously assembledand are now so valiantly carrying on. Butmore than that; above all I feel myself inthe presence of the great idea which theorganizer of this university conceived, implanted and released here.. The impulse ofthat idea thrills and moves my imagination. ..."Tonight we are met to pay our testimony of regard and homage to one of ournumber who is marked among the immediatedisciples of William Rainey Harper, onewho came under the most intimate influence, first as private secretary and later intoheadship under the heroic direction of thatmaster mind. For a generation, throughouthis entire life career, Mr. Mallory hasdevoted himself to the advancement of theidea of the power of education in theevolution of a free and self-determiningpeople. ..."In a brief historical sketch of origins ofteaching by correspondence, Mr. Mallory,359360 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEin that notable volume just issued from thepress, jointly by him and Mr. Bittner, refersto the self-study plan known as theToussaint-Langenscheidt method, nowmore than seventy-five years old. But Iwish to take this opportunity to remind himand you that such study plans, involvingcorrespondence, are far outdistanced andoutdated by the nineteen hundred year oldsystem practiced by Saul of Tarsus, in hiscorrespondence instruction to Timothy, toTitus, to Philemon, to James, to Peter (twoshort courses to Peter!) to John, (threeshort courses ! ) and a short course to Jude !But more than that; the group study ideawas also recognized nineteen centuries agoby St. Paul in his Epistles to the Romans,the Corinthians (two courses), the Gal-atians, the Ephesians, the Philippians, theColossians, the Thessalonians (two courses) ,and finally to the Hebrews, which course Iwould recommend to the contemporaryGerman Chancellor. . . ."By this citation I wish to make a discriminative distinction between those formulated instructions which are part of theNew Testament and those like theToussaint-Langenscheidt method and otherslike them, and that revelation (shall I say?)which William Rainey Harper gave to us.For the first time in so far as I know, in thehistory of education, Dr. Harper devised away of teaching by correspondence in whichconsecutive, continuing action and interaction of mind, the mind of the master uponthe mind of the learner, and vice versa, madeof that procedure in educational leadershipan entirely new contribution. This tutorialmaster-learner leader relationship, conceived and developed by Dr. Harper and hisassociates and followers, was new and original, and to my thinking contains a fundamental germ idea of the profoundestsignificance in the continuing and adulteducation adventures of men and woman intheir quest for new and finer experiences,for greater understanding, and for self-determination."Teaching by correspondence, real teaching, as contrasted with self study plans,is an American invention and contributionto educational procedure." A few quotations from letters to Mr.Mallory follow:"Before I leave for the summer I want tosend you this personal note of appreciationof your long and faithful service to the University of Chicago. On the occasion ofyour imminent retirement from active duty,it is only fitting that your most distinguishedwork during the years since your first connection with the University should receivemore than passing notice. Since 1896 whenyou first came to the University, it has constantly progressed, and its present positionin education is due in no small part to theconscientious and effective service of itsfaculty. I hope that in the many yearswhich you will have in which to enjoy yourwell-earned leisure, you will still feel thesame interest in the University which hasalways been characteristic of you. Withkindest personal regards," . . . (RobertM. Hutchins)."... I would like to say one word inappreciation of Mr. Mallory and express mypleasure in the privilege that has been minein having had some fellowship with him.While a student at the University in 1926-27I was given charge of some of the teachingof Church History in the Home-Study Department. I was brought into personal relations with Mr. Mallory and shall everremember his unfailing kindness and patiencein helping me get acquainted with themethods and system of the Department. Ihave often thought that he had more troublewith me than with most of the thousands ofstudents with whom he has had to do. Andwhat a job it must be to direct a school ofunseen students! In spite of the languid-ness, indifference and blankness of some students in the class room, a professor usuallycan gather some measure of inspiration fromthe traditional eager faces before him ! Howdifficult to counsel, guide, and teach utterblankness — the unseen personalities. ButMr. Mallory has done it and has done itsuccessfully for these many long years.There are thousands who owe their education and its happy benefits to his vision, courage, perseverance and constructive genius.May he long continue a similar work, perhaps in a larger sphere than that offered byHERVEY MALLORY RETIRES 361the University of Chicago. . . ." (Prof.R. E. E. Harkness, president, the AmericanBaptist Historical Society.)"This is to express my regret upon hearing of your approaching retirement from theHome-Study Department, and my appreciation of your kindness and consideration during the six years that I have been connectedwith it. I feel that the University is losingone of its most valuable servants, in one ofits most important posts. Throughout theperiod in which I have been connected withyour department, I have always felt thatyour conduct of the work has been characterized by the most rigorous regard forscholastic quality, by progressive methods,and by the utmost tact and courtesy towardboth students and instructors. Thousandsof persons in all parts of our own countryand in many foreign lands have been givenan opportunity, due to your efforts, to secureeducational advantages that they could neverhave gotten in any other way. ... In thisconnection I might well say a word aboutthe quality of home-study work in general,based upon my personal observations. I havein the last eleven years served on the instructional staffs of four collegiate institutions, all of which are given high ratings bythe North Central Association. In myopinion, the work done by your departmentis equal in efficiency to that done in residenceon any of the campuses above mentioned,and in some cases it is distinctly superiorto the average. To this fact must be addedanother consideration of the greatest importance, which arises directly from American conditions: namely the reaching of alarge class of mentally alert adults, whocannot spend the time and money necessary to secure a conventional college education. D. D. Luckenbill once remarkedthat most of the undergraduates of theaverage college had no right to be there,but that an equal number who were qualifiedto receive collegiate instruction were deprived of the chance to get it by personalcircumstances."The Home-Study Department hashelped to redress this wrong; and althougheducational policies may come and go withthe whims of executives, I feel that the future of the work is secure." (E. Van-Sickle, Chicago.)Mr. Mallory's own modest reply to themany words of appreciation shows in partthe scope of the work he has been engagedin. "I am conscious that what has promptedthe laudation of this occasion is primarily adesire to recognize the merits of the enterprise with which I have been connected andto honor the amazing man who foresaw thepossibility of teaching by correspondence andincorporated it as an integral part of hisplan for the University. All the tribute ofthis occasion is gratefully ascribed to William Rainey Harper, our great first president, and to the men and women of thefaculties who during these four decades ofour history have conscientiously experimented with the method and in so doinghave demonstrated its value. ... At theannual meetings of the National UniversityExtension Association which closed recently,it was brought out that in every state of theUnion, with a single exception, one or moreinstitutions of higher learning, nearly 400in ail, are teaching by mail. ... In theforty years since the University opened itsdoors, more than 34,000 of the 162,000 whohave entered the institution have doneso through the Home-Study Department.That is, one out of every five has comethat way. Would it surprise you tolearn that over 53>OGO different studentshave used our courses ? That 1 1 7 of thosewho are now officers of instruction and administration here are included in this number? That 594 members of the facultiesthroughout these years have taught for usand that through the existence of home-study work our campus has been pushednorthward 125 miles beyond the ArcticCircle; southward to the Belgian Congo,Madagascar, and Capetown; eastward (orwestward, according as you start) to a pointfourteen days by coolie train beyond thehead of navigation on the Yangtse ? Thatour student body is made up at the presenttime of representatives of nearly 300 vocations, ranging from college deans and home-makers to first-year high school students andday laborers? Those who can get the picture in dollars and cents more easily can362 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEform an idea of the magnitude of our enterprise when I say that fees collected throughthe Home-Study Department have totalledmore than $2,100,000."From such a statistical summary of ourpast, what would you think might be therole of Home-Study work in developingindividual, national, and, indirectly, international life? Nothing is more clear to allof us than that we are on the threshold of anew United States of America and a newworld. Upon educational institutions devolves tremendous responsibilities. Theymust not only show individuals how to live more happily and successfully in the neworder, but they must furnish leadership inshaping that order. Fortunately in correspondence teaching, they have ready at handa tried and proven means for reaching thosewho cannot get their orientation and inspiration by the ordinary means."Under the administration of him who isto succeed me I am sure this educational toolwill be used to the utmost and made increasingly effective. He takes over the taskwith my very best wishes and with assuranceof my confidence that our high expectationwill be realized."An elderly Korean — a Baldridge sketchAn Over- View of ReunionIT WOULD be strange indeed if thestudents of the University of Chicagowere changed by the receiving of a degree into the likeness of graduates fromother institutions. And it would be strange,too, if our alumni were satisfied with thesort of reunion program that is typical inthe lay-mind of "class reunion," an hilarious combination of a circus, a SundaySchool picnic and a Hollywood college-dayssuper-production."Reunion" to Chicagoans means morethan the renewing of contacts with collegecontemporaries. It means the strengthening of a relationship with a University thatis just as vital and growing in 1933 as itever was. The very fact that the University is changing and growing, however,makes reunion time a little confusing tosome."The University we went to isn't there"they say, and they are right. It is not theprivilege of our alumni to come back eachJune to a charming museum where the memories of youth are neatly preserved; AlmaMater is not waiting in an armchair by thewindow, all lavender and old lace — she issprinting round the corner into the future,and her children have to step to keep upwith her.The special events of alumni week on theMidway offer opportunity and occasion forChicagoans to meet with those whose professional interests and common associationsmake "reunion" have a real meaning. Themeetings of the professional schools' alumniassociations, the class dinners and luncheons,sponsored and attended by those who aremost interested in getting together, theAlumni Conference, the general assembliesand meetings for entertainment and talk —all these items of the Alumni Week Program are there in response to the expressedinterest of alumni groups.The first of the Associations to hold itsreunion this year was the School of SocialService Administration. Alumni, facultyand students in the School met at International House for dinner on Wednesday evening, June 7. Miss Breckinridge presided over the meeting that followed the dinner,introducing the speakers, Miss Edith Abbott,Dean of the School, and Mr. Frank Bayne,Director of the American Public WelfareAssociation. This occasion gave a welcomeopportunity to those engaged in social service work to meet other Chicagoans in thefield and to renew contact with the School.Thursday of Alumni Week has come tobe the big day for athletes. The Alumni-Varsity baseball game, that classic strugglebetween the youth and age of the University,took place on Greenwood Field on an afternoon of unprecedented heat. It was a famous victory for someone, no doubt, but nobody in the Alumni Office knows who won,although the battle continued till dark andthe vanquished and the victors staggeredfrom the field only in time to get to theannual dinner of the Order of the "C," overat Hutchinson Commons. Amos AlonzoStagg was guest of honor at this occasion,and gave the address of the evening beforea group of men peculiarly able to appreciatehim and do him honor.Meanwhile the lady athletes, contemporary and alumnae, enjoyed their annual reunion at the dinner of the Women'sAthletic Association in Ida Noyes Hall.Miss Dudley, Mrs. Gilkey, Mrs. Brooksand many alumnae were present to greettheir friends and welcome the graduatingmembers into their ranks.In competition with the athletes, the PhiBeta Kappa Society held its annual meetingon the other side of the Midway, in JudsonCourt Dining Room. A large group ofseniors was initiated, and the members enjoyed hearing Shailer Mathews speak on"Vocations and Avocations" while the onlybreeze detected that evening wanderedthrough the hall.The Class of 1903 was the first tohold a reunion dinner, starting the festivities at Henrici's on Thursday evening, witha congenial group of classmates assembledfor reminiscence and talk.Friday morning saw the opening of theThird Annual Alumni Conference at Judson Court. The Conference is becoming3633^4 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEa more significant and interesting featureof the program with each year. It is regrettable that all the alumni cannot be invited to attend its sessions, but it is necessaryto limit the number of delegates in order tomake it possible to house them all at JudsonCourt and assure the friendly and informalatmosphere that is one of the most valuedcharacteristics of the occasion.This year over eighty delegates were present, representing alumni groups and alumniclubs from all parts of the country. It wastruly remarkable to have such a wide geographic distribution in a group like this.Members came from California, New York,Arizona, New Jersey, Nebraska, and Pennsylvania, as well as from most of the midwest states. A list of delegates and theircities is published elsewhere in this Magazine. Furthermore, classes were so welldistributed that a member of 1932 was ableto greet a classmate of her father's from '96,both drawn to the Conference by the samekeen interest in the current university.The Alumni are much indebted to theUniversity for its hospitality in housing theguests at Judson Court. Even as last year,the pleasant and comfortable living arrangements added much to the enjoyment of thedelegates.Following a "drift in and get acquainted"breakfast, the delegates spent Friday morning getting "An Over- View of the New College Plan in Action." Dean C. S. Boucherspoke for the faculty, Dean Brumbaugh forthe students, and the plan and method ofthe four general courses were presentedby Professors Lemon, Gideonse and Scott.A new note was introduced in concludingthis informational survey, when three undergraduates who have taken all their Collegework under the New Plan, were called uponto give their opinions of the way it actually worked. John Barden of Winnetkatold about student activities in a classlesscollege, Louise Craver of Tulsa commentedon new opportunities offered by the Plan,and Preston Cutler, of Preston, Idaho, presented his criticism of the courses offered.As many of the delegates said afterwards,these talks were not only intelligent andfrank, but reflected the greatest credit upon the College that produced such students.After a lunch hour of delicious food anddelightful talk, the session was resumed, andthe alumni were given a brief glimpse ofthe new organization of the Divisions.Dean Lillie, Dean Laing, Dean Gale andAssociate Dean Slesinger presented the plansof their Divisions; all such discussion isnecessarily in the future tense as the first students will go into the divisions in October.Changes in the administration of the professional schools were outlined by Dean Bigelow for the Law School and Dean Spencerfor the School of Business. Dean Huthexplained the changes in the UniversityCollege resultant from the New Plan.Friday night offered quite a variety ofentertainment to the visiting alumnus. Themembers of the Classes of 1908, 1912, 1913,and 1923 met for dinner at InternationalHouse, and 19 18 gathered at Ida NoyesHall. University Aides held their annualdinner meeting in the Cloister Club of IdaNoyes Hall, with Dr. Maude Slye as theguest speaker. It was a great pleasure to thealumnae to have Miss Talbot present.At 8:30 that evening, the alumni assembled in the theatre of InternationalHouse to see another aspect of the University in action, — the Department of Musicpresented its String Quartette, and CharlesBreasted offered a pre-view of four reels ofthe Oriental Institute's unique film, "TheNew Past." These pictures showed thework of the expedition now engaged in excavating the ruins of Persepolis. Mr.Breasted's accompanying talk (the soundeffects have not been completed for thesereels as yet) made everyone share in hisenthusiasm and interest in this significantand challenging piece of research.The charming courtyard and TiffinRoom of International House then luredmany to make an almost successful effortto exhaust the lemonade supply, while othersdanced to the strains of the Balalaikaorchestra.Saturday morning's Conference saw aneven larger group assembled in JudsonCourt Lounge to hear Messrs. Hutchins,Swift, Stifler, Moulds, Woellner, Rouse andBeck discuss every angle of alumni work inAN OVER-VIEW OF REUNION 365relation to the University's program. PaulRussell, president of the Alumni Associationacted as chairman of this meeting.Many of the Alumnae delegates then adjourned to the Alumnae Club breakfast,which was, as usual, one of the most delightful affairs of the season. Ethel Preston,newly elected chairman of the Club presided, and Professor Bernard Fay, of theCollege de France spoke on "Sidelights onFrench and American Women," a topicof the greatest interest to the select groupof ladies assembled.The Classes of 191 7 and 19 16 as usualmet for lunch at Hutchinson Cafe to musterup their strength for their great baseballgame of the afternoon. The Class of 19 13made their rendezvous at Old Heidelbergin the Century of Progress grounds, and1930 celebrated a premature five-year reunion with delegates from afar, in the clubrooms of International House.A bright sun, yes, a very bright sun,smiled upon the alumni who wanderedabout the quadrangles, greeting friends andlosing their way among the new buildings,while the carillon played in the afternoon.Frank O'Hara's Reunion Revue as usualhad a full house, and the star acts of theyear were presented to a most appreciativeaudience.Reunion Dinner in Hutchinson Commonswas a pleasant family affair, with the additional gaiety of the Balalaika boys strumming their incredible triangular instrumentsduring the dinner hour. President Russell,as chairman of the meeting after dinner, introduced a surprise speaker, Preston Cutler,who had so interested the Conference delegates that it was thought only fair to give alarger group a chance to hear his commentson the College. President Hutchins gavehis annual address to the Alumni, prefacinghis talk with a reply to Mr. Cutler's words.While the College alumni were thus disporting themselves in Hutchinson Commons, the Doctors of Philosophy wereenjoying their annual dinner meeting at Judson Court. Dean Shailer Mathewsspoke on "The Scholar in an Age of Transition."Since most of the University Band turnedout to be employed at the Fair, the usualBand Concert before the Sing was omitted.However, even without the accustomedmusical prelude this traditional event tookplace with the greatest pomp and circumstance, witnessed by a very large and verywarm crowd. No matter how many timeshe sees it, no alumnus ever becomes quiteindifferent to the charms of the UniversitySing. The festive crowd, the music, thelights, and the many happy memories associated with it, make it the climax of everyreunion.The climax for many, but by no meansthe end of the festivities. The Class of1908, which, one must remember, has beenpractically continuously celebrating all thiswhile, culminated its reunion with a gardenparty at the Palos Park home of AliceGreenacre, on Sunday afternoon. Not to beoutdone, 19 13 enjoyed a picnic party at theDelavan home of Virginia Hinkins Buzzell.Our Rush Medical College Alumni devoted the 1 2th and 13th to their meetings.Monday, a series of unusually interestingclinics drew the attention of the professionalmen, and Tuesday night at the CongressHotel they held their annual meeting anddinner with the faculty members, always ahappy occasion in the Rush calendar.The Law School Association also held itsannual dinner at the Congress on the 13th;the members felt much honored to have asa special guest Associate Justice BenjaminCardozo of the Supreme Court of theUnited States, who gave the principal address of the evening.When the last lawyer and the last M.D.wended their way homeward from theCongress Tuesday night, the reunion wasofficially over for 1933. However, thealumni who came back this year have leftwith a feeling of being really reunited to aUniversity well worth staying attached to.Delegates to the Third Annual Alumni ConferenceRuth Abells, '31, Detroit; Mrs. RueMiller Baum, '05, Danville; Mrs. DorothyGreenleaf Boynton, '24, Elkhart; EugeneBlazer, J.D, '14, Omaha; Guy L. Bliss,'04, Long Beach, Cal. ; Waldo Breeden, '97,Pittsburgh; Ruth Bozell, '13, Indianapolis;Mrs. Edith Watters Brown, '18, Oak Park ;David T. Cushman, ex, Muncie, Ind.; H.Campbell Dixon, '25, Louisville; Mrs.Hazle Buck Ewing, '02, Bloomington, 111.;Mrs. Viola DeBerrienne Engel, '31, NewYork; Lansing R. Felker, '21, St. Louis,Mo.; Theodore Ford, '13, Kansas City,Mo.; Mrs. Elizabeth Jones Farrell, '13,East Orange, N. J.; Mrs. Anna GleerumGlomset, '10, Des Moines; Alice Greenacre, '08, Chicago; Juliet Griffin, '12,Omaha; James H. Gagnier, '08, DeKalb;Robert M. Gibboney, '05, Rockford; Donald Gray, '20, Kankakee; Mrs. Cecile VanSteenberg Haydock, '13, Pittsburgh; Mar-cita Halkyard, '30, Joliet; Nell C. Henry,'12, Cleveland; Betty LeMay Hayes, '26,Aurora; Floyd E. Harper, '04, J.D. '06,Springfield; Harvey L. Harris, '14, Chicago; Robert C. Harris, '13, Fort Wayne;David Hunter, '29, Freeport; Helen E.Jacoby, '09, Indianapolis ; Albert W. James,'19, Waukegan; J. A. Krafft, '27, Elgin;John LeMay, '94, Aurora ; Frank J. Madden, '20, J.D. '22, Chicago; G. GordonMartin, '24, Indianapolis ; William E. Mil ler, '99, South Bend; Robert Moore, '21,Wichita; Mary Morton, '08, Bronxville,N. Y.; Mrs. Helen Sunny McKibbin, '08,Chicago; Mrs. Margaret Monroe Mac-Pherson, '17, Highland Park; Mrs. RuthBrowne MacFarland, '21, Chicago; Mrs.William Miller, South Bend; Mrs. G.Gordon Martin, Indianapolis; CzarnaMoecker, '29, Flossmoor; Frederick DayNichols, '97, New York; Mrs. Theo Griffith Newman, '17, Highland Park; Benjamin Patterson, '29, Des Moines; NormanPaine, '13, M.D. '18, Glendale, Cal.; H.Ambrose, Perrin, '13, A.M. '22, Ph.D. '32,Joliet; Alex Pendleton, '26, J.D. '27, Gary;Mrs. Margery Rohan Parks, '11, OakPark; Mrs. Esther Cook Pease, '27, Chicago; Ethel Preston, '08, Evanston; Mrs.Katherine Madison Riddle, '30, Chicago;Elsie Schobinger, '08, Chicago; Mrs. OliveMartin Shuart, '16, Buffalo; Mrs. LillianO. Sprague, '07, Pittsburgh; Mrs. LouiseNorton Swain, '09, Chicago; Sandford Sellers, Jr., '13, Lexington, Mo.; James H.Smith, '15, Aurora; William Schneider,'13, Kankakee; Harold H. Swift, '07, Chicago; Basil Swinford, A.M. '26, Muncie;Arthur M. Sullivan, '05, South Bend;Gerald Walsh, Denver ; Mrs. Marion OldsWest, '24, Galesburg; Martha Yaeger, '31,Phoenix, Ariz.The following pages contain excerpts from the speeches made by LouiseCraver, '35, and Preston Cutler, '36. Unfortunately all the addresses givenat the Conference are not available as we go to press, but these are indicativeof the discussions enjoyed by the delegates.366The Undergraduate SpeaksiBy Louise CraverAMONG the students all conversations/-% eventually get around to the topic of-*- -*- general interest in the new plan. Wewould like to give you some student impressions and reactions.Under the new plan not only do studentsreview the field of knowledge, but they arestimulated to think by the various examplesof presentation. For instance, the biologicaland social sciences present diametrically opposite opinions. They may attempt toemphasize the same general principles. Iam sure none of us now would ever approachany problem without realizing that there isno gloriously simple solution but the outcome of the interaction of many factors.Another phase of college life — stimulation by personal contact — I do not think canever be over-emphasized. A comment wasmade by Mark Van Doren of ColumbiaUniversity when he visited here, "Conversation and companionship with students andfaculty involve a part of college experience."I think we have been unusually fortunateunder the new plan in having outstandingmen as lecturers supported by an unusuallyfine staff.These men have made themselves moreavailable than under the old system. Onesection of the college library has been arranged in Cobb. Members of the facultyare always available there. Students go inand talk with great informality and oftenan incentive arises for individual researchproblems which carry on through the year.Other divisions have been equally considerate in arranging office hours, although Idon't think any other scheme quite so advantageous as a library with a centrallocation.One instance of student interest mightillustrate the advantage of this arrangement.A group of students, entirely on their owninitiative, invited such people as Dr. Carlson, T. V. Smith and others to come anddiscuss informally with them the problemsof national and international politics, re ligion as a social factor today, standards ofvalue in life, and socialized medicine. Thiscontributed unusual stimulation towardindividual thinking and broader intereststhan have ever been developed under anyother plan.While I am going to leave most of thefield of college activities to one of the otherstudents, I would like to say a few wordsabout the women's activities under the newplan. An organization with which you maybe familiar, because it functioned under theold system, is Federation, adapted to thenew plan. Federation has undertaken quitean extensive program of orientation duringFreshman Week. The incoming student isgiven every opportunity to become successfully adjusted to the new life. Federation,counsellors and members, women old andnew, live in the dormitories, during Freshman Week. The activities are arranged during the week to interest all and to give anopportunity to find organizations in whichto participate.The Federation and Counsellors are going to try something new next year. Theyare going to present personnel reports tofaculty advisers the same as instructors doand it may prove quite helpful.The Women's Athletic Association hasa different role under the new plan now thatwe no longer have compulsory gym. Clubsfor sport are centers of interest which Ithink should grow to be far more importantand beneficial than former classes.We don't want to be too critical at thebeginning of any game. I think those ofus under the new plan are all heartily enthusiastic about it. After two years experience of the beginning of the plan I feel Ican very truthfully say it offers far greaterpossibilities than the old, especially alongthe line of personality adjustment, alongwith added advantages scholastically, whichshould prepare students for more healthfullybalanced lives than ever before.367The General Coursesii.By Preston CutlerIN PART these are Mr. Cutler's comments on the general courses."The physical sciences I know leastabout, but have sounded out a few men,and all are very enthusiastic. Some saythey are not well organized and somesay they are excellent. My impression is thatthey have been very interesting and veryuseful and no matter what line a studententers he is going to have a nodding acquaintance with modern developments inphysics and chemistry. I understand thatwe are to learn everything from astronomyto military tactics."I listened in on the biological sciencesthis year. I didn't do any studying. It isa masterpiece of organization, but then Iwould say that this field is better adaptedto organization than any other. It is greatto hear Dr. Carlson lecture and to see hisintense concentration. Here is a commonfeature in all courses. Not only do theyhave different subjects presented but outstanding men of the University come beforethe students and present each feature of theprogram. We not only get authoritativeinformation but we get the personality of thespeaker. The precise selection of Gideonse,the sincerity of Dr. Carlson impress thestudents. They make life worth while.When personality is behind it the materialgoes deeper into your minds and stickslonger."The humanities has been my best coursethis year. That, in general, is an expositionof man and mankind and life and living approached, in the first place, historically. Itis one of the most worthwhile courses I haveever had. Taught by Mr. Scott, Mr. Sche-vill, Mr. Boynton and Mr. Lovett, moredifferent lecturers have been brought intothat course than any other. The students certainly are impressed by its sweep. It is thewide sweep of history. We take up philosophy, religion, art, every important feature of mankind in every period. Naturallyit would be a little shallow in spots, but we get a nodding acquaintance with all thevarious phases of each period. It has beenthe most significant course to me. Lastbut not least is the appetite for furtherstudy. All subjects are presented in a mostinteresting fashion. A student says, 'Justwait till I get out of here. I'll go find outmore about this.' The perspective givesme an understanding that I have never hadbefore and also a tremendous desire to read."The social sciences — I would like tothrow a few bricks and a few bouquets. Itis not a survey course — it is an actual battleground. Mr. Gideonse said he enjoyed thecriticism of students. I have heard him useeven stronger terms than that. It is themost difficult course to organize and theleast well organized of all. Where expertsdisagree on most of the principles how cana man present in one course a completepicture of the whole situation ? This courseresults in a great amount of confusion. Ifit is not the most useful, it is the mostprovocative of the four. I have never seenso much discussion aroused by one subject.I have even seen people get angry over thesequestions. I think that as a result of thewhole experience I have received a certainamount of judgment, a little bit of factualinformation which will have to be revised,and an eagerness to look into problems inthe future and a sense of balance which ishelpful in looking at the present."I would like to throw a few stones atthe plan as a whole. The lecture classesare too large. Some classes are even largerthan 300. We go to these three times aweek. We have a discussion once a week.We read on and on. You will all agreewith me that a man learns best when hetries to express what he has learned. Irefer more to oral than to written expression, oral expression which follows immediately after the lecture. When thereis something lacking I want to understandimmediately. There are discussion groupswhich have been organized to perform some-368THE GENERAL COURSE 3^9thing of this function but I think it hasn'tbeen done as much as it should be. It isbeing remedied now. I am sure the administration is aware of it."There is another thing I could check upagainst the system, — the passivity of thestudents. Since there is so much materialto be covered, there are some professors whoappear to want us to pay more attention totheir courses than to any others. In thesocial sciences we had to read 3500 pagesof material in the second quarter. In thisreading many different view points of thesame problem are presented. There shouldbe an attempt to have the student understand the problem more thoroughly; otherwise there is great confusion. In thatcourse, especially, simplification and reduction of the amount of reading would be»an improvement. Let a lecturer present thedifferent viewpoints."There is a part of the new plan whichattempts to develop special interests andwhen such treatment becomes necessaryspecial interests suffer. We don't have timeto give any attention to special discussionor to follow up anything. If the bulk of thework were less we would have more opportunity to develop individual preferences.The goal of the courses is a standardizedfoundation of knowledge and we do notwant to have individuals sprouting off indifferent directions getting lopsided views, but we should have more leeway for individual development."My last point is the amount of freedom.Although it may be a little oppressive, it issatisfying to have discipline and authority.It has been a painful process to become adjusted to the freedom and lack of authority.We have direction but most of it is voluntary and those who have the initiative tosucceed usually don't need it. It is saidthat a proper amount of draft on a fire willstimulate, but too much will blow it out.I don't know whether we have too muchfreedom or not but I do know several students who feel they would have done betterif they had had more supervision. I havepartially adjusted myself but I think atutorial class in the first quarter would bevery beneficial."I want to throw one more bouquet. Itis rather a happy accident that I came to theUniversity. It has been the most wonderfulyear of my life and I am certainly not afraidto expose myself to being called naive bybeing enthusiastic. I have learned to think.I have learned to realize my own significance.I have got a better realization of what I ammainly from the social sciences and humanities courses taken. I am interested in present day problems and wide preparation, allof which I owe to the four general coursesand the new plan and I am thoroughlygrateful."in «m Y opinionBy Fred B. Millett, Ph.D., '31Associate Professor of EnglishMRS. Q. D. LEAVIS' Fiction andthe Reading Public is yet anotherillustration of the influence of I.A. Richards on contemporary English aesthetics. The book has all or nearly all thestigmata of work produced by a disciplewith more devotion than discrimination. Itimitates, as disciples are wont to do, theleast admirable habits of the master: theauthoritative manner; the ponderous andpersonally defined vocabulary; the collectionof individual testimonials in the form of"protocols" or questionnaires; solemn andobtrusive devices for the organization ofprecious materials. In addition, Mrs.Leavis has some rather trying habits of herown. The master's slightest dictum isaccepted with the awe of divine revelation.For no apparent reason, she finds it desirableto supplement her text with two sets of footnotes, one series at the bottom of the page,and another at the end of the book. Andthe snobbery that is pleasantly implicit inRichards becomes painfully overt in Mrs.Leavis, and is likely to repel many readersfrom an extremely suggestive piece of whatis apparently regarded as "research" at theUniversity of Cambridge.Though Mrs. Leavis' methods wouldhardly pass muster in an American doctoraldissertation, her project is an importantone, and her findings are provocative. Sheis concerned primarily with a study of thetaste of the contemporary novel-readingpublic and the reasons for its sharp disintegration and stratification. As a preliminary process, she feels it necessary toinvestigate the history of the taste of theEnglish novel-reading public from theElizabethan period to our own. Mrs.Leavis' problem belongs to the history oftaste, and is therefore concerned, on the one hand, with culture-history, and on theother, with aesthetics. Mrs. Leavis hasbetter luck with the historical than with theaesthetic element of her problem.The aesthetic shortcomings of the bookarise from the excessive subjectivity of themethod of evaluating novels. Richards'splendid Practical Criticism finds its validityin the high degree of objectivity he managesto introduce into his analysis of the criticalevaluation of poetry. Mrs. Leavis' resultsare in large measure suspect because thestandards by which she differentiates levelsof novelists have a narrow and personalorigin. Quite arbitrarily, she limits the contemporary highbrow novelists to JamesJoyce, D. H. Lawrence, E. M. Forster,T. F. Powys, and Virginia Woolf. To theclass of middlebrow "academic" or "literary" novelists, she assigns "middling novelists of blameless intentions and indubitableskill" like Willa Cather, Galsworthy,Priestley, and David Garnett. One can notbut be disturbed by the inadequate reasonsoffered for the separation of the "significant"and the "academic" novelists. Can it bethat Mr. and Mrs. Leavis had tea one drearyafternoon with Mr. Richards, and, insolemn conclave, decided that henceforth forthe English-speaking world only five novelists of - their own selection should be"significant"? One's suspicions are furtheraroused by the inadequacy of the reasonsfor which Mrs. Leavis snubs novelists whomshe does not happen to like. It approachesthe acme of stupidity to decry Meredith as"vulgar and puerile,,, to call Dickens theEdgar Wallace of his time, and to denounceHuxley's Point Counterpoint and AnticHay because "the author protects himselfby dramatizing every possible attitude inorder to avoid the necessity of taking a370IN MY OPINION 37iposition and standing by it." Surely onecan not object to Huxley's dramatizingevery possible attitude when that is the veryeffect he is aiming at, and only a very prejudiced or inattentive reader could fail tofind Huxley himself present in PointCounterpoint in the person of PhilipQuarles. No; on the score of aestheticjudgment, Mrs. Leavis is stupidly snobbishand unintelligent.On the occasions, to be sure, when sheis willing to offer a little evidence for herjudgments, she is rather enlightening. Shecontends that the quality of a novel dependsultimately on the quality of the mind thatproduced the novel, and thus justifies theclose comparative inspection of snippets fromnovels that she does or does not like.Though the absolute dependability of themethod itself is questionable, certain resultsobtained by it, are undeniably valid. Thequalities of the creative mind, — its subtletyor simplicity, its delicacy or insensitiveness,its awareness or unconsciousness, — are revealed in monstrous proportion by amicroscopic inspection of two or three passages from a single author. Who, forinstance, would be willing to submit himselfto the vulgarizing experience of readingBennett's Imperial Palace, after a briefstudy of so coarse-grained a passage as thefollowing: . . . "what a shame it was thatsuch a woman, such a cunning piece offemininity, should -be compelled by fate toknit her brows over business, when sheought to be occupied solely with her agelesscharm, the attractions of her boudoir, andthe responsiveness of men to her fine arts."Mrs. Leavis, fortunately, is more successful in the. study of her problem asculture-history. But even here, her successis qualified. She would have been wiser,perhaps, not to attempt to study the historyof the novel-reading public before the contemporary period. For such a study, shehas neither the knowledge nor the requisitetechnique. Her acquaintance with Elizabethan fiction is superficial, and to maintainher thesis that up to the nineteenth centurythe reading public was a unit, it is necessary to minimize the essentially highbrowqualities of Euphues and the Arcadia, works with which she seems inadequately acquainted. In a later period, her remark that"whereas Addison and Fielding write as theyspoke, Johnson and Jane Austin composeon paper" can be designated only as ignorantor mendacious.After all, then, the most valuable resultsof this portentous piece of "research," arethe reasons given for the stratification ofthe reading public in the contemporaryperiod. Among those studied here are thespread of popular and superficial education,the commercialization of publishing, theinsidious effects of literary advertising, theinfluence on reading-habits of the vulgarizing radio and moving-picture, and theinfluence of the Book Clubs toward standardizing taste at the middlebrow level.The pertinence of these influences uponthe habits of the American novel-readingpublic is a pretty question. It would bedifficult to deny that these influences haveprobably produced more disastrous effectsin America than in England. There is,moreover, one influence towards vulgarization and standardization for which Americaalone is to blame. I have in mind theauthoritative publications devoted to therecommendation of purchases for publiclibraries, in particular, the Standard Catalogs and the A. L. A. Catalogs. Fortunately, it is possible to study the fate of someof Mrs. Leavis' "significant" novelists insuch recent editions of these works as theStandard Catalog: Fiction. (1931) and theA. L. A. Catalog, IQ26-31. In neither ofthese works does the name of James Joyceappear ; in the Standard Catalog, there is nomention of T. F. Powys, and but one titleby Liam O'Flaherty; in the A. L. A. Catalog, there is one title by Powys, and none byLiam O'Flaherty. The Standard Cataloglists only Lawrence's The Captains Doll,Sons and Lovers, and The Boy in the Bush.The A. L. A. Catalog (1926) lists Kangaroo, The Lost Girl, Sons and Lovers, andThe Boy in the Bush, and adds (1933)The Virgin and the Gypsy. Apparentlythe ladies who compile these catalogueshave never heard of The Rainbow andWomen in Love. In both the StandardCatalog and the A. L. A. Catalog, the only372 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEtitles of Cabell that are permitted to appear are The Cream of the Jest and TheRivet in Grandfather s Neck, works muchless characteristic than Figures of Earth andJurgen. On the other hand, the StandardCatalog lists ten titles by that fiction-factory,Edna Ferber, but has had the good sense tocut down the books by Archibald Marshallfrom ten in the 1923 edition to four in thatof 1 93 1. But it still supplies in the index,seventy-five or a hundred titles of "cheerfulfiction." Shades of Myrtle Reed and GeneStratton Porter!If the serious omissions in these publications arose from ignorance, one might excusethem. But, unfortunately, the compilers ofthese sacred manuals know exactly whatthey are doing, and continue to do it.A betraying formula repeats itself withslight variation from edition to edition ofthe Standard Catalog: "This is not a list ofthe best 2100 novels of the last four yearsjudged as literature, but a list of 2100 ofthe best novels for public library use. . . .It necessarily excludes some novels bothold and recent interesting to students ofliterature, and includes, for the sake of theaverage reader, some recent novels the permanent worth of which is open to question." Moreover, that no pernicious work mayreach the shelves of a public library, thefollowing modestly worded warning isadded : "In the case of novels to which somelibrarians would take exception, but whichothers wish to include in their collections,the notes have been so phrased as to indicateclearly, to a careful reader, the nature of thebook."Since the public library is by all oddsthe major source of reading matter for thegreat American public, such a creed as theforegoing statement embodies is a seriousmenace to the possible evolution of culture.The implication of the creed is "The public be served!" And service to the publicapparently means catering to the ignorance,the prudery, and the prejudice of the maidenladies of Oscaloosa, to the vulgarity andshoddiness of the drugstore cowboys ofMedicine Hat. One had naively believedthat that great American institution, thepublic library, was a civilizing influence;apparently, it joins hands willingly with theradio and the moving picture and the tabloid. Like the ambitious stenographer ofwhom I heard, it will presently be designating as serious reading Liberty, and ScreenRomances.We Do Read Our MailDear Editor :I enclose two one dollar certificates to pay for my membership in the Alumni Association for the past year and for my subscription to the University of Chicago Magazine. I hope the certificates reach you before these United States are off the silver standard, or before His Majesty, Franklin I, decrees that alumni dues are to be paid inpotatoes. I offer the payment merely because you have continued to send the Magazineto me during the past year and that you have had faith that I would pay. In many waysthe Magazine is a sad disappointment.Except for the delightful cover designs, I regard the Magazine as an exceptional example of a ridiculous and absurd publication. I used to have considerable pleasure inreading the copies of the Magazine as they arrived, but since last November, 1932,each issue was received with poignant pains. I have read the issues myself, sometimesamused, more often outraged. I have shown the copies to friends here and they havelaughed outright. The Magazine is now rather a cross between Ballyhoo, Hooey, andthe Congressional Record. Cheek and jowl in the Magazine which you edit are found themost excellent and most damnably queer, impudent, offensive articles that one can evenimagine. I personally, should like to see the Magazine reflect the glory of the University of Chicago as I feel it.Keep on sending the Magazine. I have had to drop my subscription to the Congressional Record^ and I do not know of any other publication which can outrage me,amuse me and instruct me as does the mouthpiece of the University of Chicago alumni.Merrill Dakin, Buffalo, N. Y.NEWS OF THEQUADRANGLESBy John P. Howe, '27I AST month in this column reference wasmade to the increasingly active role of— 'the University's social scientists inpublic affairs, and a list of seven men whohave accepted appointment to city and stateboards was presented. Since then PresidentHutchins has made his notable address, "TheProfessor Is Sometimes Right," and severalChicago men have had the refusal of postsin Washington. As this issue of the Magazine goes to press, Professor William E.Dodd, for twenty-five years a member ofthe University's history department, is leaving the campus to undertake his new dutiesas American ambassador to Germany.The appointment of Professor Dodd tothis important and at present unusually difficult embassy is a rare tribute to him, andlikewise to the University. Though he ispeculiarly fitted by temperament and background to represent the United States atBerlin, he hesitated to accept it, partly because he is in the thick of writing what heexpects will be his magnum opus, a "History of the South." He hopes to return tothe quadrangles, if his official duties permit,for three months of teaching next winter.Next month's issue o;f the Magazine willcontain a leading article about him.*****This month an unusually distinguishedgroup of faculty members reach the retirement age, so distinguished that the University cannot and will not forego their presenceand their service. Nine professors becomeformally professors emeritus on June 30th,but all will continue, in various degrees,their activities in teaching and research.Among these is James Henry Breasted, whobecomes professor emeritus of Oriental Languages and Literatures but continues toserve in his more significant role as directorof the Oriental Institute. Others who become professors emeritus are R. R. Bensley,chairman of the department of anatomy; Sophonisba P. Breckinridge, professor of social service administration; Carl DarlingBuck, chairman of the department of comparative philology; Sir William Craigie,professor of English; T. Atkinson Jenkins,professor of the History of the French Language; Edwin O. Jordan, chairman of thedepartment of hygiene and bacteriology;John M. Manly, chairman of the department of English ; and Julius Stieglitz, chairman of the department of chemistry.New appointments to departmental chairmanships include the following: English,Professor Charles R. Baskerville ; Anatomy,Professor C. J. Herrick ; Hygiene and Bacteriology, Professor William H. Taliaferro;Comparative Philology, Dean Gordon J.Laing, as acting chairman; Oriental Languages and Literatures, Professor MartinSprengling, as acting chairman.*****Appointment of Professor Shirley Jackson Case as Dean of the Divinity Schoolwas announced last month. Professor Case,an eminent scholar of early Christian historyand a member of the Divinity faculty atChicago since 1908, will succeed DeanShailer Mathews, who retires at age 70 onJune 30th.Dr. Case, who will head one of the mostinfluential centers of religious scholarship inthe United States, is himself the outstandingAmerican authority on the civilization ofPalestine at the time of Christ, on the lifeof Jesus and early spread of Christianity inthe Mediterranean region.The appointment was made by thetrustees of the Baptist Theological Union,of Chicago, which is closely integrated withthe University, and was confirmed by theUniversity Board of Trustees.Professor Case came to the University ofChicago as assistant professor of New Testament interpretation, after having taken thePh.D. degree at Yale University in 1906373374 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEand served on the faculties of Yale and ofBates College. He was made chairman ofthe department of church history in theUniversity's Divinity School in 1923.Most widely discussed of Dr. Case's ninevolumes of scholarly writing is his "Jesus —A New Biography," published in 1927 bythe University Press. In this work, Professor Case, having steeped himself in thecultural history of Palestine as it providedan environment for Jesus, reconstructed thebiography of the man Jesus as he lived withhis contemporaries, rejecting those parts ofthe various records of His life which do notfit into the known environment.One of the results of the publication ofthis book, in which Dr. Case points out thatNazareth was within an hour's walking distance of Sepphoris, then the largest city andthe capital of Palestine, was the organization of an archaeological expedition to Sepphoris, which had hitherto been neglected.Dr. Case's other volumes are "The Historicity of Jesus," "The Evolution of EarlyChristianity," "The Millennial Hope,""The Revelation of John," "The Social Origins of Christianity," "Studies in EarlyChristianity" (with others), "Experiencewith the Supernatural in Early ChristianTimes" and "Jesus Through the Centuries."He has also been a contributor to numerousother publications.He has been president of the ChicagoSociety of Biblical Research, the AmericanSociety of Church History and the Societyof Biblical Literature and Exegesis. Hewas managing editor of "The AmericanJournal of Theology" from 19 12 to 1920and has been editor of "The Journal ofReligion" since 1927.Last year Dr. Case was chairman of theChurch History Commission to the Orient,the object of which was to stimulate thecollection of original source materials forthe history of the indigenous religions.In his teaching, his colleagues pointout, Dr. Case has sought to vitalize religioushistory by orienting in the real world, bystudying the founders of Christianity,through scientific historical methods andwithout dogma, as human beings. TheUniversity's Divinity School has a faculty of thirty-four members, drawn from variousdenominations, and a student body of morethan 450 a year. No denominational emphasis is exercised and graduates enter andpreach in whatever denominations they elect.Dr. Case is an ordained minister.The curriculum of the School will bere-organized along the lines of the University's New Plan, Dr. Case indicatedlast month, with studies organized aroundfields of interest in such a way as to givethe student greater freedom. Dean ShailerMathews, who has headed the Schoolsince 1908, has been appointed BarrowsLecturer in India and Burma for thecoming winter.*****Professor Hervey F. Mallory, head ofthe Home Study Department of the University of Chicago for the past thirty-fiveyears, was honored by 150 educators at adinner May 27 at Judson Court, oh theUniversity campus. Professor Mallorywill retire next month and will be succeededby Professor Carl Huth, who is also Deanof the University College downtown.Professor Mallory's department on theMidway pioneered in University study bycorrespondence. Dr. William RaineyHarper, first president of the University,believing that universities should extendtheir services in adult education beyond thelimits of the campus, established the firstUniversity courses-by-mail in 1892, theyear the University opened. Since thenfifty leading universities and 175 teachers'colleges have adopted the idea.Professor Mallory became executivesecretary of the department in 1898, andsince then more than 70,000 students haveenrolled for courses by correspondence;many of the University's leading facultymembers have taught home-study courses,including the first two presidents of theUniversity. The present Home Studyfaculty numbers 125.* * * * *Federal Judge Walter C. Lindley hasappointed Professor S. H. Nerlove of theSchool of Business of the University ofChicago as one of three trustees in theNEWS OF THE QUADRANGLES 375Security Life Insurance Company of America case.This is the second time a member of theUniversity of Chicago faculty has beenchosen a trustee in an important case.Federal Judge James H. Wilkerson recentlyappointed Dean Harry A. Bigelow of theLaw School trustee of the Insull properties.Professor Nerlove is a student of both lifeand property insurance, and has publishedmany articles in both fields. He is nowmaking a thorough investigation of life insurance receiverships. He is in charge ofcourses in insurance at the University, andis a member of the board of directors of theAssociation of Insurance Teachers.*****The first issue of "The University ofChicago Law Review," a new legal quarterly edited by University of Chicago lawstudents, made its appearance on the Midway campus last month. The issue is dedicated to the memory of the late ErnstFreund John P. Wilson, Professor of Lawat the University, who died last October.The publication contains 170 pages.Leading articles are by Professor Edwin M.Borchard, of Yale University, on "TheFederal Tort Claims Bill"; by ProfessorJoseph M. Beale, Harvard University, on"The Status of the Child and the Conflictof Laws"; and by Professor George M.Bogert, the University of Chicago, on "TheTrustee's Duty with Regard to Conversionof Investments.,,Other contributors are Dean Lloyd K.Garrison of the University of Wisconsin;Professor J. P. Chamberlain, ColumbiaUniversity; Dean Maurice T. Van Hecke,University of North Carolina ; Dean AlvinE. Evans, University of Kentucky; Professor Ralph S. Bauer, De Paul University;and Attorneys Albert E. Jenner, Walter V.Schaefer, Hans A. Klagsbrunn and DonaldR. Richberg. Notes and case reviews arecontributed by students.*****The University campus during the latterhalf of June reached a new high in generalactivity. Added to the beginning of thesummer quarter came the meetings of several thousand scientists in Chicago, much ofthe time on the Midway, for the sessionsof the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the meetings ofthe tenth annual Norman Wait HarrisInstitute.*****Dust and gas floating free between thestars of the Milky Way — the only "matter"in interstellar space — is so rare that theaverage is only one atom per 100 cubic centimeters of space, Dr. Otto Struve, directorof the Yerkes Observatory of the Universityof Chicago, told astronomers meeting forthe A. A. A. S. sessions.All the "star-dust" contained in onesquare centimeter of space reaching from thesun to the farthest star of the galaxy wouldnumber in atoms no more than the amountcontained in a cubic half-inch of ordinaryair, Dr. Struve said. Nevertheless, interstellar space is so tremendous that the totalmass of dust and gas between the stars isequal to the mass of all the stars of theMilky Way, Dr. Struve pointed out. Thetotal mass of our galaxy is therefore twicethe mass of the stars.Professor Struve also reported a newmethod of checking the distance between theearth and the stars. The more distant thestar, the more strongly its calcium lines appear in the spectrum, he has found.No accurate list of the world's greatcities — those with 100,000 or more population — has yet been made, but the number issomewhere between 525 and 575, ProfessorCharles E. Colby of the University of Chicago reported to the geography section of theAssociation.Urban census figures from China, Braziland other regions are unreliable, Dr. Colbysaid, but with corrective estimates made bytrained observers, the total of cities in the100,000 class is 563.Ninety-two percent of the 100,000 sizecities are in the Northern hemisphere.Seventy percent of all cities in this classoccupy maritime positions, and thirty-fourpercent of them are on the sea-coast, Dr.Colby said. There are five "cluster" areas,showing maximum urban congestion, Metropolitan London, the Lancaster- Yorkshire376 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEarea of England, the Ruhr district, Metropolitan New York and Metropolitan Boston, and sixteen areas of secondarycongestion.The large cities of Europe and EasternUnited States have not grown up haphazardly, Professor Colby said. They form apattern characterized in general by a widespread and relatively even distribution ofcities. This pattern does not exist elsewhere.Results of an airplane reconnaissancefrom the Peninsula of Yucatan to the northern Andes of Colombia, the first researchflight ever made by a trained geographer,were reported by Professor Robert S. Plattof the University of Chicago. The experiment was highly satisfactory, Dr. Platt said,and revealed possibilities for obtaining datanot previously available.As a result of the flight Dr. Platt hasdivided Central America into 26 districts,along the line of his traverse, under fourtypes of land occupance patterns.*****News of recent discoveries of a greataqueduct, temples, and ancient records werebrought home to Chicago by Dr. JamesHenry Breasted, who has just returnedafter spending several months in the NearEast visiting the twelve expeditions of theOriental Institute of the University ofChicago. The trip was the first that Dr.Breasted, Director of the Oriental Institute,had made to the Near East in three yearsand a half.One of the most important of the recentdiscoveries was that of a section of a thirtymile aqueduct built by Sennacherib, Kingof Assyria about 705 B.C. Dr. ThorkildJacobsen, who came to the Institute on aSwedish fellowship, and is now with Dr.Henri Frankfort, field director of the Iraqexpedition, made the discovery."Dr. Jacobsen was out in the countrywhen he noticed a native sitting on a rowof blocks, some of which bore the inscription of Sennacherib," Dr. Breasted said."On inquiry, he found that the blocks hadcome from nearby, following the clue,found what he reported to be a bridge over a river. We received a concession to investigate, and found that the 'bridge' was asection of a great stone aqueduct. Thissection, one thousand feet long, and eightyfeet wide, magnificently built, carried thewater over a river. It is supported onpointed arches, and their use in this fashionis the earliest known."This aqueduct is the earliest in existence,and undoubtedly influenced the Romans intheir construction. Twenty-five to thirtymiles long, it carried water from the Kurdish Mountains to Nineveh, and amongother uses watered that city's famousgardens. Each pier contains a building inscription of Sennacherib, and when translated, it was found that he called theaqueduct 'Sennacherib's channel.'"The Annals of Sennacherib give an account of this 'channel,' which hitherto hadnot been identified, and also give the namesof a whole series of villages past which itwent. In one of the villages near the routeof the aqueduct, Dr. Frankfort found apurely oral tradition that these ruins hadbrought water for the gardens of Nineveh.The tradition has the names of the villagesas Sennacherib listed them, although thenames have long since changed. Thattradition had been passed down by word ofmouth for 2600 years."Dr. Breasted flew 5,000 miles by planein the Near East in visiting the expeditions,covering in five minutes distances that onearlier trips had required a day by camel.On this recent visit he saw for the first timethe expeditions and work being carried onat Persepolis, and by the Syrian and Iraqfield forces. Since his last trip, new headquarters buildings have been erected by theInstitute at Luxor, Persepolis, and TelAsmar.*****Benjamin N. Cardozo, associate justiceof the United States Supreme Court, wasgiven the honorary degree of Doctor ofLaws at the University's 172nd Convocation June 13th. At Brown University'scommencement June 19th Harold Swift,President of the University of ChicagoBoard of Trustees, was awarded the LL.D.Scores of the MonthTrackChicago, 68; Northwestern, 67Chicago, 54^ ; Wisconsin, 75 ;Northwestern, 46Chicago, 59; Iowa, 76BaseballChicago, 6; Purdue, 7Chicago, 2; Michigan, 12Chicago, 8; Minnesota, 10Chicago, 4; Minnesota, 5Chicago, 7; Illinois, 20Chicago, 4; Purdue, 11Chicago, 9; Northwestern, 5Chicago, o; Western St. Tchrs., 7Chicago, o; Michigan, 4Chicago, 1 ; Michigan Normal, 4Chicago, 2; Michigan State, 9Chicago, o; Wisconsin, 7 Chicago, 3; "Old Grads," 1Chicago, o ; Alumni, 3GolfChicago, 10; Armour, 2Chicago, 6J4; Purdue, nj4Chicago, 2; DePaul, 16Chicago, 3 J4 ; Northwestern, 14^Chicago, J^; Notre Dame, 17J4TennisChicago, 6 ; Wheaton, oChicago, 6; Armour, 3Chicago, 6; Michigan, oChicago, 2; Western State Tchrs., 4Chicago, 5 ; Purdue, 1Chicago, 5 ; Wheaton, 1Chicago, 6; Notre Dame, 1Chicago, 4; Wisconsin, 2SPECULATION as to the outcome of, the freshman football players in thecelebrated "comprehensives" is thechief item of interest in Maroon athleticsthese early days of the summer quarter. Bymid- July, the returns will be in from theBoard of Examinations, and the LaSallestreet coaching staff, buoyed by activity inthe market and the heartening reports aboutthe athletic skill of Messrs. Berwanger,Nyquist, and Balfanz, will be able to startarguing about the possibilities of the team.It may be the spirit of the times, but thereseems to be considerable optimism about theoutcome of the examinations. On the whole,the freshman football players are an intelligent and industrious lot. They have takena consistently earnest attitude toward theirstudies, not only because they want to beeligible, but because they came here to getan education. None of them was under any illusions about the effort involved. Sorneof them did not fare very well in the autumnquarter, but the winter reports indicatedthat all the group was making progress. Inall this concern about the freshmen, thesophomores are being rather overlooked, onthe assumption that because they were ableto cope with the first year of the New Planthey will manage successfully in their secondyear.Meanwhile, Mr. Clark Shaughnessy hasdeparted, to return in August, and the newathletic director, Nelson Metcalf, will arrive July 1 . One era in Chicago athletics isover, and another begins. If it should sohappen that the Maroon football team hasall its available material next autumn, thenew regime will open very auspiciously. Mr.Stagg will be here most of the summer, forhe will not move to Stockton until August.He made his last public appearance in pre-377378 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEsenting the graduating athletes with theirblankets, and was himself the recipient fromthe Order of the C of a blanket with 41stars. No one will ever achieve the uniqueposition of the "Old Man" either in theUniversity or in college athletics. Intercollegiate athletics was just becoming established when Mr. Stagg came to Chicago,and he was certainly the most powerful andinfluential leader in their development. Hisown sincerity and courage saved intercollegiate competition from both its over-zealous friends and its enemies. To Chicago athletics, his personal prestige was atremendous asset. The future developmentof collegiate athletic programs, both at Chicago and elsewhere, will rest on what he hasbuilt up during his forty-one years here.There will be no revolution in athleticson the Midway because there is a new director. Mr. Metcalf has firm convictionson the value of intercollegiate competition.Whatever new developments there are in theChicago program will be in the direction ofa plan to provide for the interests and needsof the great majority of students who are notengaged in intercollegiate athletics. Themetropolitan universities have not developeda program suited to their particular needs,and Mr. Metcalf plans to experiment withthat phase. Mr. Shaughnessy, as was notedlast month, has been a great success with theplayers, who like him and believe in him. They look forward to next season with considerable confidence and eagerness.The scores at the head of this section telltheir own story with little need of comment. The tennis team defeated all opposition but Western State Teachers, andCapt. Max Davidson and Trevor Weisswon the conference doubles championship.Davidson was runnerup for the singles title.The Big Ten team championship, decidedon the basis of the championship tournamentwas a tie between the Maroon and Minnesota teams. In track, John Brooks won boththe conference and the National Collegiatebroad jump, and also placed fifth in theconference low hurdles. The conferencemedal for proficiency in scholarship andathletics was awarded Keith Parsons, ofDavenport, la., for three years center on thebasketball and football teams, and co-captainof the basketball team this year. H. O. Pagehas been appointed coach of the MontezumaMountain School, Los Gatos, Cal. The1934 football schedule, interesting becauseit contains six conference games, with a lapsein the Wisconsin series, and the return tothe schedule of Minnesota and Ohio, is asfollows: Oct. 13 — Michigan at Chicago;Oct. 20 — Indiana at Chicago; Nov. 3 —Purdue at Chicago; Nov. 10 — Chicago atOhio; Nov. 17 — Chicago at Minnesota;Nov. 24 — Illinois at Chicago. That's whatis called ambition.College Election ReturnsFirst Vice President:Harold Moore, '16Executive Committee:Ruth Allen Dickinson, '15Thomas Mulroy, '27, J.D. '28Secretary-Treasurer :Charlton T. Beck, '04 Delegates to Alumni Council:Harry D„ Abells, '97Frank McNair, '03Herbert I. Markham, '06Barbara Miller Simpson, '18Frances Henderson Higgins, '20Lucy Lamon Merriam, '26The Chicago Alumnae ClubBy Ruth Browne MacFarland, '21, A.M. '22.THE report of the year's work of theChicago Alumnae Club begins andends with June Breakfast. The yearthat terminated so delightfully with theaffair at Ida Noyes Hall on June 10, withProfessor Fay speaking, began in the sameplace with Miss Gilson as the guestspeaker for 1932.The next Alumnae Club event occurredon November 15. While chilly windsblew off the lake, Alumnae Club memberscelebrated at a Cabaret Dinner in the newInternational House. Alumni were alsoinvited to this affair and they apparentlyaccepted with alacrity, for a statisticalobserver claimed that 49.9% of theguests were masculine. Some of thetalented residents of International Houseentertained us from the stage whilewe dined. An undertone of sadness pervaded the party, however, for we weregathered to say farewell to Professor andMrs. James Westfall Thompson, whowere leaving the University soon to go toBerkeley.On a pleasant Sunday afternoon late inFebruary the Alumnae Club held a reception at Ida Noyes for Mr. Frederick Stock,Chicago Symphony Orchestra leader andMr. Charles T. Hamill, President of theOrchestra Association. Mr. Stock spokecharmingly and Mr. Hamill wittily, andeverybody was hugely entertained. Musicwas provided at intervals during the afternoon by the University String Quartette,which as you know, was organized by Professor Bricken, head of our new Music Department.The annual meeting of the Alumnae Clubon April 22 — and the last social event ofthe 1932-33 season — brought forth manyspring costumes, and the customary flockof annual reports by committee heads at aluncheon in the beautiful Gold CoastRoom of the Drake Hotel. Beyond thewindows stretched Oak Street Beach, which does not look like Oak Street Beach at thisseason. Within we were unexpectedly entertained by a radio broadcast from the farside of our north partition while we consumed a $1 luncheon (which is perhapsnot so famous as the $1 dinner served atthe Assembly in March). Mrs. KelloggFairbank, writer of the recent best seller,"The Bright Land," and numerous otherbooks, was scheduled to talk on novel writing and such related subjects as might cometo her mind. When she discovered Mrs.Flint sitting two places away from her,however, she nearly changed her subject to"The Century of Progress World's Fair,"of which she is a trustee.At this point I should like to interruptmy narrative to remind Alumni Magazinereaders that the Alumnae Club has accomplished many things besides tea drinking andcelebrity entertaining. Earthquakes, moratoriums and educational riots notwithstanding, the Club has continued to send twogirls to the University each year on two-year scholarships.At present writing the Club is conducting, under the direction of a most gracioushostess, Miss Vernon Horn, its annualseries of Sunday teas for junior girls fromall city and suburban private and publichigh schools. The first of these was givenon April 9, about the time the campusgrows beautiful with the advent of spring.The last one was on May 28. Allalumnae are cordially invited to attend andmeet the enthusiastic, vivacious high schoolgirls who exclaim rapturously over ourbeautiful buildings, interesting equipment,and charming, U. of C- educated hostesses.Whether or not a girl decides to chooseChicago for her college work, she almost invariably carries back home with her, weare told, a deep admiration and affectionfor the University, as a result of her contact through these Sunday teas and toursof the campus.379NEWS OF THE CLASSESAND ASSOCIATIONSThe Doctors of Philosophy MeetTHE twenty-eighth meeting of theAssociation of Doctors of Philosophyof the University of Chicago was heldSaturday Evening, June tenth. Followinginformal greeting of alumni on the porch,dinner was served in the Judson Court Dining Room. The turn-out of off-campusalumni was the best since the 25th anniversary banquet, the last one at which we cameas guests of the University; there was alsoa heartening increase in attendance of neophytes, which no doubt was in large partdue to the fact that funds were made available to cover the cost of their dinners.President H. E. Slaught, the guidinglight of this body these many years, who wascelebrating the 50th anniversary of hisgraduation from Colgate University, wasgreatly missed. A congratulatory telegramwas despatched to him. A greeting fromhim to the Association was read ; in part thisstated, "I believe that a very strong influencehas been wielded by this body of Doctorson behalf of the University of Chicago, andthat in large part the aim which Dr. Harperhad in mind when he called the first meetingof the Doctors in 1906, has been fulfilled.He realized that the output of Doctors bythe University was the most definite gaugeof its scientific achievement and, in turn,that this body was to become the mostpowerful asset of the University in the educational world. Hence he urged that theclosest possible relationship between theDoctors and the University should be cultivated and maintained and this spirit wasfostered and strengthened year by year byhundreds of individual contacts, and espe cially by the annual gatherings, promotedby the University for twenty-five years,and still to go on under our own momentumfor untold years to come."In the absence of the Vice President, Dr.A. P. Scott, Dr. W. D. MacMillan servedas acting-president. The Association votedthat each Department of the University prepare and maintain a card-index bibliographyof all the publications of its Doctors. Onsuitable occasions these would be essembledand would constitute a striking exhibit of apart of the accomplishments and influenceof the Doctors of Philosophy of the University of Chicago.The following officers were elected forthe coming year: President, Dr. L. L.Thurstone ; Vice President, Dr. Charles H.Behre; Secretary, Dr. Edwin E. Aubrey;Assistant Secretary, Dr. Herbert Blumer;Councillor, Dr. Charles A. Shull.Including the current convocation, theUniversity has granted 3078 Ph.D. degrees;of this number 163 are deceased. Thetotal is 152 larger than it was one year ago.We have passed our third big milestone interms of numbers, but the accomplishmentsof this group are more far-reaching thanstatistics can show.The meeting was concluded with Dr.Shailer Mathews' delightful and thought-provoking informal address, "The Scholarin an Age of Transition." From the timehe pointed out that a scholar was so muchmore than merely a scientist, Dean Mathews had everyone's attention. He advocated the training of students to make themfirst become, then act, intelligent.380Justice Cardozo Addresses Law MenMR. ASSOCIATE Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo of the SupremeCourt of the United States wasthe principal speaker at the Annual Dinnerof the Law School Association on the evening of June 13, 1933. An audience of 475filled and overflowed the Gold Room of theCongress Hotel, making by far the largestattendance on record.The Justice's presence was made possibleby the act of the University in bestowingon him the honorary degree of LL.D. at theConvocation that day. As soon as the University's intent became known in the innercircles, Dean Harry A. Bigelow promptlysecured Justice Cardozo 's promise to speakfor the Association in the evening.The Justice was in a delightful vein. Hegreeted us as "fellow alumni" with evidentpleasure and even pride. He gave a prepared speech, not on a legal theme, but onthe human aspects of being a judge. Incidentally he expressed confidence that theprofessors are coming into their own. Thedistresses of these difficult times can best becommitted to their advanced thinking. Hiseasy, gracious, unassuming personality madehis speech a delight.President Robert M. Hutchins, of theUniversity, and Harold H. Swift, Presidentof the Board of Trustees,. were also on theprogram. The President, in a typical scintillating talk, told of the new four-year LawSchool program, which is designed to turnout "educated lawyers — a result that seemsincredible; but if Dean Bigelow thinks hecan accomplish that result and is determinedto do it, the University will not stand inhis wav." Mr. Swift spoke of the satisfaction theTrustees have found in the career of theLaw School, and in its improvement.Dean Bigelow spoke twice. First, heintroduced Justice Cardozo; later he gavehis "annual report" on the state and outlookof the Law School. The death of Prof.Ernst Freund during the past year removedthe last member of the faculty who had beenwith it from the beginning, and in manyrespects he cannot be replaced. His position in the faculty will be taken by Professor Malcolm Sharp from Wisconsin.The Dean gave a particular impetus tothe new magazine, The University ofChicago Law Review, the first number ofwhich appeared this spring. He hopes fora practically unanimous subscription fromthe alumni of the Law School. PresidentHutchins also gave the Review a decidedboost. Justice Cardozo praised it, sayinghe welcomed it as a real contribution tocurrent legal discussion, and insisted onsigning a subscription blank then and there.President Dwight P. Green of the LawSchool Association presided with a combination of dignity and humor in happy accord with the exacting demands of the occasion.The arrangements for the dinner were incharge of Irwin T. Gilruth as Chairman.Officers for the coming year were electedas follows:President Charles F. McElroy, '15Vice-Pres. Willard L. King, '17Secy.-Treas. Herbert C. DeYoung, '28Delegates to the Alumni Council —Charles F. McElroy, Charles P.Schwartz, '09, Herbert C. DeYoung.Wanted: Information about your classmates and you. The Mid-summerMagazine will contain a special section devoted to personals and news items,and the editor will give voice to a hearty cheer for each alumnus who sendsin such material. Send us a news note, true if possible, but send us a newsnote !381Divinity School AssociationTHE alumni of the Divinity Schoolof the University held their annualmeeting in May in Washington,D.CAbout one hundred were in attendanceat the luncheon and meeting which was heldin Calvary Baptist Church. The Washington Alumni Club was also invited and waswell represented. The meeting was presided over by Dr. Clarence W. Kemper,A.M., 'n, D.B., '12, pastor of the BaptistTemple, Charleston, West Virginia, andPresident of the Divinity Alumni Association. Dean Shailer Mathews was the guestof honor and brief addresses of appreciationwere made by Coe Hayne, '07, Secretary ofthe Publicity, Literature and Research Department of the American Baptist HomeMission Society, New York; George L.White, D.B., '03, A.M., '04, Secretary ofthe Ministers' and Missionaries' BenefitBoard; Frank Jennings, A.M., '16, D.B.,'17, pastor of the Church of the Master,Cleveland ; and E. LeRoy Dakin, A.M., '10,1867Jabez T. Sunderland, D.B. '70, writes thathis twenty-first book will soon appear from apublishing house in Calcutta, "Eminent Americans Whom India Should Know." He has hadbooks published in India, France, England andRussia, as well as in this country. Some ofhis best known volumes deal with the problemsof India, as in "India in Bondage" and "Indiaand World Brotherhood."1896John F. Voight is back in Chicago at hisnew office address, 77 W. Washington St., aftera six weeks stay in Florida.1897Maudie L. Stone, S.M. '03, has retired fromteaching civics at Manual Training High School,Brooklyn, N. Y., with a record of 36 years ofservice. *** Waldo P. Breeden, who practiceslaw in Pittsburgh, was present at the ThirdAnnual Alumni Conference this June, andbrought his attractive young son and daughteralong to see the Fair. D.B., '14, pastor of the First BaptistChurch, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. DeanMathews responded with a notable address.On behalf of the Divinity School alumniand former students President Kemper presented to Dean Mathews a beautiful maroon morocco bound volume containing 350personal letters of appreciation. Anothervolume will be presented, made up of lettersfrom graduates and former students residentabroad, before Dean Mathews leaves todeliver the Barrows Lectures in India.The following officers were elected bythe Divinity Alumni Association for thecoming year:President— Rev. O. H. McDonald,A.M., '26, pastor of Immanuel BaptistChurch, Rochester, N. Y.Vice-President— Prof. R. E. E. Harkness, A.M., '15, D.B., '17, Ph.D., '27,Crozer Theological Seminary, Chester, Pa.Secretary-Treasurer — Prof. Charles T.Holman, D.B., '15, The Divinity School ofThe University of Chicago.1899George H. Sawyer is superintendent of CitySchools in Osage, Iowa.1900George H. Waid, A.M., is finishing twenty-two years as recording secretary of the MichiganBaptist Convention. He lives at Marshall, Mich.1901Emma G. Case, ex, writes from Rochester, NewYork, that she has retired from her work asa visiting teacher and is enjoying her leisure,then lists the following activities which leaveone wondering about that leisure. She is aboard member of the Children's Service Bureau,the Strong Memorial Hospital Nursing Schoolat the University of Rochester, Examiner of GirlScouts in Junior Citizenship, Member of theChamber of Commerce (Committee on Aliens)member of the Rochester Garden Club, Directorof the New York Child Labor Commission fromRochester, and a volunteer driver for the Children's Service Bureau.College382NEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONS 3831903W. N. Garlick writes from the earthquakezone of California "Educating the youth underearthquake reconstruction conditions amid dust,sun, clouds, rain, cold wind and hot, calls forthe old Chicago spirit 'I will — we can.' FirstOld Man Depression, second the devil of anearthquake, and now — a Democratic Roosevelt-Ian prosperity! California still offers the bestplace to spend that new dollar; the finest education, the best comradeship and the best climatein which to enjoy life. We in Long Beach stillcarry on! *** Donald A. Kennicott is associateeditor of the Red Book.1907Helen Hendricks was elected a member of theInterest and Library Committees of the Women's University Club of New York this spring.*** Mabel W. Porter is with the EmergencyRelief Administration of Red Bank, New Jersey.*** Margaret E. Burton is studying internationallaw at Columbia University, where she receiveda Master's degree in that field a year ago.1908Mrs. Paul Benedict (Florence Chaney) isliving at 34 Lu Mi Sang, Hirtung, Peking,China. *** Maxwell Bauer, S.M., is headnaturalist at Yellowstone National Park. Hereceived his Ph.D. in geology from the University of Colorado in June, and has been atYellowstone ever since.1909John Shideler, A.M. '22, is Kansas representative for MacMillan Co., and lives at Topeka.1910Patrick Buckley, ex, is manager of the Chicago office of Eastman, Dillon and Co.1911Margaret M. Sleezer is principal of the GaleSchool, Chicago. *** Herbert L. Willett is assistant director of the Community Chest atWashington, D. C. *** Hazel Leigh Stillman isprincipal of Parker Junior High School, Chicago. She was formerly assistant president ofChicago Normal College. *** George HaroldEarle is president of the Wisconsin Land andLumber Company and supervisor of MeyerTownship in Menominee County, Mich. ***Ali B. Mostrom is material supervisor for Cadillac Motor Cars Company in Detroit.1912Winifred Ver Nooy has been elected presidentof the Illinois Library Association. 1913Clarence E. Jackson is in the paper manufacturing business in Wisconsin Rapids. *** EllynBroomell Beaty is living in Fairhope, Ala.1915Hays MacFarland, ex, president of the HaysMacFarland and Company advertising agencyof Chicago, lives at 999 Lake Shore Drive.1916Victor Halperin is a motion picture producerand director with the Paramount Studios, Hollywood.1918Genevieve Forbes Herrick, A.M., is the newpresident of the National Press Club, an organization of women news writers at Washington,D. C. Both Mr. and Mrs. Herrick are recognized in "Bellringers of the Year," a compilation of the best news stories of the year for allthe papers in the country. *** Ruth Falkenauwrites from the Hotel Aragon in Chicago "hereI am, keeping wolves from the door by beingwhat is called 'promotional representative of theAragon' .... under so long a title a multitudeof duties rest, such as selling rooms, planningentertainments (we have had a group fromBlackfriars and the Balalaika quartette from International House) booking luncheons and dinners."1919George Barclay is with the promotion department, publication division, at A Century of Progress. Mrs. Barclay (Dorothy Fay, '18) is"principally housewifing" but finds time for somemusical interests, notably the Apollo MusicalClub.1920George W. Barbour, A.M., is instructor inhistory at Cleveland Heights, Ohio. *** Mrs.Grace Tinker Davis was recently elected president of the Chicago Women's Club. Her book,"Ozora Davis, His Life and Poems" appeared in1932, published by the Pilgrim Press of Boston.*** Sarah Florence Lewis, A.M., '22 is theSonia Lee whose name is appearing in currentperiodicals. She is now living in Hollywood. ***Robert M. Chapman, A.M. '20, D.B. '33, is withthe Chapman Distributing Company, Inc., merchandising specialists of Atlanta, Ga. He writesthat he is anxious to get in touch with any ofthe men who served with Base Hospital No. 13,in the World War. His home address is 132Walton St., Atlanta. *** Brook B. Ballard is abroker and member of the Chicago Board ofTrade.384 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE1921Sigurd Johnsen is practicing gastro-enterologyin Passaic, N. J.1922Betty Fisher, known to many alumni as theartist who made the Alumnae Club map of thequadrangles, is official cartoonist for the Centuryof Progress Exposition.1923Marie A. Prucha is teaching biology at CraneTechnical High School. *** Gottfred J. Andersonis a minister in Fresno, Cal. *** Wallace E.Bates is located at 45 Prospect Place, TudorCity, N.Y.C., N. Y.1924Lois Fisher is secretary to the director of theDouglas Smith Foundation and is also staffartist. *** Dickie B. Yerington, A.M., is schoolpsychologist at Sioux City, Iowa. *** John Landesco was recently appointed to the Board ofPardons and Paroles of the State of Illinois. ***Kenneth J. Ward, ex, is with J. Walter Thompson Co., of Chicago, as an advertising writer.1925Dorothea Galer Doubt, S.M. '28, is an instructor in biology at Brenau College. ***Howard K. Smith is with the accounting department of General Electric Company inSchenectady. *** Albert Hillman, ex, is a travelling auditor for General Electric- *** FrancesF. Mauck is assistant professor of textiles andclothing at Russell Sage College, Troy, N. Y.1926Frederick C. Koons, S.M., is on the researchstaff of the Cities Service Refining Company ofBoston, Mass. *** William E. Aithen has beenworking in the sales department of the AcmeSteel Company of Chicago since 1926. ***Mayme V. Smith is instructor in reading, speechimprovement and public speaking at CentralState Teachers College at Mount Pleasant, Mich.Other Chicago people at Mount Pleasant in theCollege are Rose Hogue, A.M. '26, Home Economics Department, Lucille Baker, '29, Art Department, Fred Bush, A.M. '31, English, LillianEngelson, '28, supervisor of 1st grade, EthelPraeger, '28, A.M. '29, 5th grade supervisor,Frances Harris, '22, 6th grade supervisor, andAlice Adams, '16, 3rd grade supervisor. ***Adah Peirce, A.M. '31, has recently publisheda book through MacMillan and Company, "Vocations for Women." Miss Peirce is Dean ofWomen at Hiram College, where she teachesclasses in sociology and vocations for women.Before coming to Hiram College, Miss Peirce wasDean of Women and Director of Personnel at Stephens Junior College for Women at ColumbiaMo. *** Charles P. Saunders is assistant principal of the Tuley High School, Chicago, in,charge of the Bancroft Branch. *** Mrs. CharlesL. Schwering (Hazel Prutsman) is dean ofwomen at the University of Oregon. *** MaryR. Barnette is writing two chapters of the1933 yearbook of the classroom division ofthe National Education Association. She attended summer school at Oxford and Cambridgein 1932 and is now living at Cincinnati, Ohio.1927E. C. Bussert is instructor in Latin and ancient history at Harvard School for Boys, Chicago. *** J. Burton Smith is with the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in Chicago. ***Edith May Johnston, A.M., is teaching American history in Portsmouth high school, Portsmouth, Ohio. *** Katharine Tyler, A.M. '31, willlecture in the summer session graduate schoolof Syracuse University Department of Art. ***Chandra Dharma Sena Gooneratne, A.M. '29,is at Trinity College, Cambridge.1928Cecilia Galvin is principal of School No. 3,.at Indianapolis, Ind. *** Helen C. Williamson,.A.M. '32, is doing case work for Cook CountyPublic Welfare Bureau, Stock Yards District,.Chicago, *** Janet Scott, S.M., after two years experience with Dr. Austin Patterson of AntiochCollege in editorial work, is now on the staffof Chemical Abstracts of the American ChemicalSociety at Columbus, Ohio. *** W. F. Martin,A.M., is director of social studies at J. SterlingMorton High School in Cicero. *** David K.Cherry, A.M. '32, is professor of education atKnox College, Tenn. Until September, 1932,he was president of Kittrell College, N. Car.1929Erna Willa Schroeder is an editorial assistant on the Assyrian Dictionary project of theOriental Institute at the University. ***Reid M. Brooks received his master's degreein botany from the University of California inMay, 1933. *** Rosalie Schultz, A.M. '32, isteaching Latin in the Beaver Dam High School,Beaver Dam, Wis. *** Isaac C. Miller is incharge of the department of education of theState Summer School for Teachers and directorof extension classes and night school at Livingstone College, Salisbury, N. C. He is alsoteaching several classes in the department.1930Winifred Day is an interne and graduateNEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONS 385student at the Wayne County Training School,Northville, Mich. *** David X. Klein is researchchemist in the dyestuffs department for E. I.Dupont de Nemours and Co., Carrollville, Wis.,and lives in Milwaukee.i93iDorothy Ellis reports on her activity sinceleaving Chicago as follows, "I have been working since September, 1932, with the Unemployment Relief Committee of the State of Louisiana.Since January I have been serving as AssistantParish Relief Director of Avoyelles Parish. Inmy work I have been associated with severalUniversity of Chicago people. Miss Evelyn Z.Phelps, a former student in Social Service Administration, is District Supervisor for the Alexandria District. Miss Betty Lane, also a formerstudent, has been Parish Relief Director inAvoyelles Parish. I now have my A.M. degreein history from Louisiana State University andhope that I may some day continue myhistorical studies at the University of Chicago.I always enjoy reading the Magazine." ***Mary L. Heiskell, A.M., is teaching Spanish inthe teachers college in Memphis, Tenn.1932Ray D. R. Vane is with Advertising andSelling, 9 East 38th Street, New York City. ***Minoru Tabuchi, A.M., is now in Osaka,Japan, and may be addressed c/o Osawa andCo., Ltd., 54, Awajimachi, 4-Chome. *** S. A.Kirk, S.M., is doing research work on the special disabilities of high grade mentally defectivechildren at Wayne County Training School,Northville, Mich.Doctors of Philosophy1902Katharine E. Dopp sends the interesting newsthat one of her books for small children, "Bobbyand Betty in the Country" is being publishedin Braille.1903Henry T. Upson is president of the Pease OilCompany of Buffalo. He writes that he wouldlike to hear from old Chicago friends.1905H. I. Schlesinger, '03, lectured before theMadison Section of the American Chemical Society in February, and presented the University'stalking pictures in the physical sciences.1908O. D. Skelton, under-secretary of State forExternal Affairs, at Ottawa, has gone on a temporary mission, representing the Prime Minister of Canada at the Canadian Section of theIntra-Empire Consultative Committee.1911John F. Norton is with the Upjohn Companyof Kalamazoo, Mich.1915Harlen Stetson was elected secretary of theD Section of the American Association for theAdvancement of Science, at the winter meetingin Atlantic City.1918Ellinore H. Behre received the annual awardof a gold medal from the Louisiana Academy ofSciences for the best paper presented beforetheir group at the recent annual session. Dr.Behre's paper was entitled "The Structure ofthe Chromatophores or Pigment Cells of theGulf Squid, Loligo Brevis." Dr. Behre is professor of zoology at Louisiana State University.1919A. C. Haupt, '16, is teaching at the Universityof California.1920Thomas Leonv Patterson, S.M. '15, is teachingat Detroit College of Medicine and Surgery.1928Raymond Clarence Decker is teaching atWestern Illinois State Teachers College, Macomb, 111.1929Howard B. Myers has been appointed to anadvisory committee to organize the statisicalbranch of the U. S. Department of Labor. ***W. M. Krogman, '26, A.M. '27, is preparing anexhibit in "growth and development" for theCentury of Progress Exposition. He was recently elected secretary of Section H (anthropology) of the American Association for theAdvancement of Science, and is secretary ofthe W. R. U. chapter of Sigma Xi in Cleveland.*** Sidney Bloomenthal, '26, S.M., '27, is a research physicist for RCA Victor Company, atCamden, N. J.1930Arlien Johnson is associate secretary of theSeattle Community Fund, and is lecturing atthe University of Washington. *** R. R. Le-gault is a Research Corporation Fellow for 1933,and will do his work at the University of Chicago. *** Charles William Lentch, '28, hasreceived an appointment with the Girdler Corporation of Louisville, Ky.386 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE1931Adeline Bloodgood has received an Eli LillyFellowship in medical chemistry and will workwith Dr. Kharasch, in the George Herbert JonesLaboratory at the University.1932Kenneth Campbell, '29, is to be a research assistant at Penn State College this year. ***Walter S. Guthman has opened a laboratoryfor the manufacture of fine organic chemicals,in addition to meeting the requirements of theorganizations for which he is consultant. Hisoffices are at 25 E. Jackson Boul.1933T. C. Poulter is to be one of three or fourphysicists to go on the Byrd Expedition to theAntarctic. He will make cosmic ray measurements as part of his research work.Rush1880J. A. Badgley, M.D., is practicing medicineand surgery, and is medical director for theDekalb County Tuberculosis Sanatorium. Hewrites that they have as many as forty-eightpatients at one time; there are a number ofUniversity of Chicago men working with him.He sends his regards to classmates of 1880. ***Joseph Godfrey, M.D., writes from Lancaster,Wis., that he has retired from active practice.1882Z. E. Funk, M.D., has for the last ten yearsbeen county health officer and surgeon in SantaRosa, N. Mex.1884Richard A. Peters, M.D., is living and practicing in Tipton, Iowa.1888C. W. Doty, M.D., is still practicing medicineat Beaver Crossing, Nebraska, where he hasbeen located for the last 45 years.1895J. F. Gysell, M.D., is limiting his practice toeye, ear, nose and throat work. He is living inWichita, Kansas, 911 Beacon St.1904Grace E. Papot, M.D., writes from West PalmBeach that she is in general practice there, andhopes to see some Rush Alumni when the StateConvention takes place in May at Hollywood, Fla.*** Mabel Elliott, M.D., is head of thechildren's department at St. Luke's HospitalTokyo, Japan.1905Stephen C. Mason, M.D., is practicing atMenominee, Mich.1912Irving Stein, M.D., is associate professor ofgynecology and obstetrics at Northwestern University Medical School. He is an attendingobstetrician at Michael Reese Hospital. ***Arthur Goetsch, '10, M.D., is assistant clinical professor of surgery at Long Island Collegeof Medicine. He is also in practice in Brooklyn.1920Richard Hofstra, '18, M.D., is doing medicalwork at Hope and Wilhelmina Hospitals atKulangan, Amoy, China.1921Francis L. Lederer, '19, M.D., was chiefassociate editor of the Cyclopedia of Medicine,a twelve volume work recently completed. Heedited all eye, ear, nose and throat materialfor the book. His new office address is 307 N.Michigan, Chicago.1926Julian M. Bruner, '22, M.D., recently spentsix months at Saint Bartholomew's Hospital inLondon, studying. *** Robert II. Stretcher, M.D.,is practicing at Wayneville, N. Car.1927John H. Davis, xM.D., is practicing medicineand surgery at Belle Fourche, N. Dak. He isa member of the staff of John Burns MemorialHospital, and county physician and surgeon forButte County since 1928.1928William J. Frederick, M.D., and Anita GelberFrederick, M.D., have moved to Los Angelesand are living at 343 N. Heliotrope Drive. ***Marshall D. Hogan, M.D., is resident physician in G. U. at Newark City Hospital, N. J.*** Reuben Ratner, M.D., is living in San Francisco and writes that he recently enjoyed participating in the celebrations welcoming A. A.Stagg to the west coast.i93iHerman F. Burkwall, M.D., is with HoihowHospital, Hainan, China. *** John PhilbrookNEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONS 387Redgwick, '26, M.D., is practicing medicine inSouth Omaha, Nebr. *** Arthur R. Bryant, M.D.,is with the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.1932Willie Stephens, M.D., is on the staff of theElgin State Hospital. *** Robert E. Baer, M.D.,is practicing medicine and surgery at White Sulphur Springs, W. Va. *** Reo M. Swan, M.D.,is associated with his brother, Dr. George Swanin the practice of medicine and surgery at Cambridge, Ohio. *** Tom D. Paul, '27, M.D., ispracticing in Evanston, 111., at 2537 Hartrey Ave.He writes that he has two daughters, Frances,two and a half years old, and Lisbeth, whoarrived December 30, 1932. *** Alfred L. Burg-dorf, '28, M.D., is in charge of the governmenthospital at Kana Kanak, Alaska. *** BenjaminMorton, Med. Cert., writes that Arnold Wilson, and J. B. McClendon have been appointedresidents in medicine at Hillman Hospital,Birmingham, Ala., where he is also work-57TH STREET GALLERIESMaria Remahl— DirectorWorks of Leading Chicago Artists at prices withinreach of the average person. Galleries open daily-including Sunday from 1 0 A. M. to 6 P. M.1541 E. 57th StreetARTISTGERDA AHLMExpert Restorer of FinePAINTINGS and MINIATURESSuite 1701 Telephone56 E. Congress St. Wabash 5390DENTISTDR. GEO. G. KNAPPDENTISTWoodlawn Medical Arts Bldg.Suite 304 1305 E. 63 rd StreetPhone Plaza 6020MUSIC PUBLISHERSMcKINLEY MUSIC CO. ^ffi^POPULAR AND STANDARDMUSIC PRINTERS AND ENGRAVERSMusical Settings — Compositions ArrangedPublishers of McKinley Edition of 20 cent MusicSTANDARD— CLASSICAL— TEACHING ing. *** Aubrey Goodman, '26, M.D., has recently opened offices at 904 Medical Arts Bldg.,Waco, Tex. *** F. M. Bond, M. D., is in generalpractice at Oberlin, Ohio, and spends one daya week at the eye clinic at City Hospital, Cleveland. *** Ross V. Parks, M.D., has an interneshipat Bellevue Hospital, N.Y., until January, onchild and adult surgical services. *** GeorgeM. DeYoung, M.D., is in general practice inGeorge, Iowa. *** Marcus Block, M.D., is onskin and G. U. service at the Board of Healthin Newark, N. J., where he is also engaged ingeneral practice. *** Abe Mintz, M.D., is alsopracticing in Newark. *** William Moses Jones,M.D., is an assistant in ophthalmology with thedepartment of surgery at the University of Chicago.1933Stephen A. Zieman, M.D., is head of the department of physics and chemistry at DePaulUniversity.^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^W Dr. Nels R. Nelson, OptometristOSTEOPATHYDOCTOR H. E. WELLSOsteopathic Physician and SurgeonPhysio-Therapy— X-Ray— Light Treatments6420 Cottage Grove Ave.Phone DORchester 6600Hours 9 A.M. to 9 P.M. Home Calls MadePOEMS WANTEDPoems WantedTHE POET (Monthly)St. Louis, Mo.SCHOOLSBEVERLY FARM A Home» Sch°o1 forINC. Nervous and Backward36th Year Children and Adults220 Acres, 7 Buildings, School Gymnasium, Industrial andSchool Training Given, Department for Birth Injury CasesGroves Blake Smith, M. D. Godfrey, 111.Professional DirectoryART GALLERIES OPTICIANS388 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINELawThe Law School Association recently publisheda directory of all of the members of the Association, including not only graduates but all personswho had taken nine majors of credit in the LawSchool, together with all members of the faculty.Most active in the work was Rudolph E.Schreiber, '04, J.D. '06, 10 South LaSalle Street,Chicago, who was secretary of the Associationfor its first eleven years. Charles Schwartz,'08, J.D. '09, and Charles McElroy, A.M. '06,J.D. '15, collaborated in the work.There are 2475 names in the directory, 2403men and 72 women. Seventy-six are deceased.The list discloses that graduates and formerstudents are now residing in every state of theUnion with the exceptions of Delaware, Maine,New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont.Of the total living (2399), 1149 live in Chicago.Only 54 listed are "lost" and have no traceableaddress. Complimentary copies have been sentto all those listed whose addresses were given.Foreign countries on the mailing list were:Canal Zone, Hawaii, Philippine Islands, Canada,China, Egypt, England, France, Germany, Japan,Mexico, and Palestine.1909R. C. Fulbright, J.D., was one of twelve mennominated by the Interstate Commerce Commission from whom the St. Louis Federal Courtwill select those to operate the Missouri PacificRailroad and the allied lines which recentlytook advantage of the new federal bankruptcylaw. *** Luther D. Swanstrom, J.D., will practice law under the firm name of Johnson andSwanstrom, at 105 W. Adams St., from now on.Associated with him are George E. Q. Johnson,Samuel Clawson, J.D. '24, Walter Wiles, andSaul Weinberg, LL.B. '25.1911Pan H. Lo, A.M., J. D., is practicing law at 31Scott Road, Shanghai.1912Perry D. Trimble, '11, is practicing law inPrinceton, 111.1913The law firm of Mclnerney, Epstein and Arveyannounces the removal of their offices to the44th floor of One LaSalle Street, Chicago. Thefirm includes the following Chicago graduates;John Mclnerney, '13, Samuel Epstein, J.D. '15,Jacob Arvey, '18, Louis Mantynband, J.D. '20,Edward Murnane, '28, Elmer Gertz, J.D. '30,and Irving Eisenstein, J.D. '31. 1915John Eshleman, J.D., writes that his seven yearold son, Winston, is recovering nicely from avery serious operation. The Eshlemans live inSan Francisco.1916Casper Platt, J.D., was recently elected judgeof the Circuit Court in Illinois.1917Y. D. Mathes, LL.B. is engaged in the generalcivil practice of law in Houston, Tex., 2001Esperson Bldg.1918Louis J. Victor, '16, J.D., is now located at mWest Washington Street, Chicago.1924William John Duiker, LL.B. is a special Attorney for the Bureau of Internal Revenue.John Potts Barnes, '24, J.D., formerly Chicagorepresentative for the general council of theU. S. Bureau of International Revenue, has become associated with the firm of Scott, MacLeishand Falk, 134 S. LaSalle, Chicago.1925Willard C. Smith, '24, J.D., is an insurancebroker with Critchell, Miller, Whitney andBarbour, at Rm. 1535 — 175 West Jackson Boul.Mrs. Smith was Doris M. Wagley, ex, '27.1928William Garland Davis, J.D., is special assistant to the attorney general in Washington. ***Jerome Kutak has his law offices at 169 N.Michigan and writes that he is "trying to makean honest living." *** Nat. S. Ruvell, LL.B.,has opened law offices at 33 N. LaSalle St.,Chicago.1929Sam Street Hughes, J.D., writes that he willattend the U. S. Junior Chamber of CommerceConvention in St. Paul in June, in the capacityof vice president. Mr. Hughes finds recreationin managing the publicity of the Lansing CivicPlayers Guild, an organization sponsored by thelocal Junior Chamber of Commerce.1930Erwin Seago, J.D., is permanently located at30 N. LaSalle, Chicago. *** Erwin Seago, J.D.,formerly associated with Defrees, Buckingham,Jones and Hoffman, has opened an office forgeneral practice at 10 S. LaSalle St., Chicago.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINESCHOOLS — ContinuedPRACTICAL BUSINESS TRAININGBusiness Administration, Executive-Secretarial14 Other Practical Courses- Train for Assured SuccessCollege Grade Courses 77th Year Write for CatalogBRYANT & STRATTON COLLEGE18 South Michigan Avenue Randolph 1575CHICAGO SCHOOL OF SCULPTUREVIOLA NORMAN, DirectorLife Modeling — Life DrawingAbstract Design — CompositionWrite for Catalog Studio 1011 Auditorium Bldg.Telephone Harr. 3216 Fifty-six East Congress St. TEACHERS AGENCIES — ContinuedTHE YATES-FISHER TEACHERSAGENCYEstablished 1906PAUL YATES, Manager616-620 South Michigan Ave. ChicagoUNDERTAKERSLUDLOW - SCHNEIDERFUNERAL DIRECTORSFine Chapel with New Pipe OrganSEDAN AMBULANCETel. Fairfax 2861 6110 Cottage Grove Ave.HUETTLART SCHOOLCartooning - DrawingPainting - EtchingArt Materials1 546-50 E. 57th St. Plaza 2536MacCormac School of CommerceBusiness Administration and Secretarial TrainingDAY AND EVENING CLASSESEnter Any Monday1170 E. 63rd St. H. P. 2130THE MIDWAY SCHOOL6216 Kimbark Ave. Tel. Dorchester 3299Elementary Grades J unior High PreparationKindergarten French, Dancing, Music and ArtBus ServiceA School with Individual Instruction and Cultural AdvantagesSTARRETT SCHOOL for GIRLSA Boarding and Day School for High School andJunior College StudentsFully AccreditedA Refined and Stimulating School Environment4515 Drexei Blvd. Drexei 0521Orthogenic School of ChicagoAffiliated with the University of ChicagoBoarding and Day School forRetarded and Problem ChildrenCatalog on Request1365 East 60th Street MID. 7879TEACHERS AGENCIESF» "1 TeachersI.S.K. Agency 28 E. Jackson Blvd.CHICAGOOur Service is Nation Wide SKEELES - BIDDLEFuneral DirectorsFairfax 0120 Sixty-Third Street and Evans Ave.Business DirectoryAUCTIONEERSWILLIAMS, BARKER & SEVERN CO.Auctioneers and AppraisersPublic auctions on owner's premises or at our salesroomsAccept on consignment tde better quality of furniture,works of art, books, rugs, bric-a-brac, etc.We sell on commission or buy outrightOur specialty liquidating estates, libraries, etc.229 S. Wabash Ave. Pnone Harrison 3777AUTO LIVERYCHICAGO PETERSENMOTOR LIVERYLINCOLNS With Experienced Chauffeurs5548 Lake Park Ave. MID way 0949AUTO SERVICE STATIONSWASHINGTON PARKSERVICE STATIONWe Appreciate Your Patronage5601-7 Cottage Grove Ave.Phone Dorchester 7113AWNINGSPHONES OAKLAND 0690—0691—0692The Old ReliableHYDE PARK AWNING CO., Inc.Awnings and Canopies for All Purposes4508 Cottage Grove AvenueBOYD & GOULD, Inc.5813-15 Wentworth AvenueARTCRAFTAWNINGS AND CANOPIESPhones Wentworth 2450-245139Q THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE1932Herman L. Taylor, J.D., is with McCullochand McCulloch, at 231 S. LaSalle St., Chicago.*** Benton Atwood, J.D., is associated with thefirm of Seyfarth and Leonard, 208 S. LaSalleStreet, and is engaged in the general practice oflaw.Divinity1885William M. Corkery, '83, D.B., is preachingat the Kensington Avenue Baptist Church,Hamilton, Ontario. He and Mrs. Corkery celebrated their forty-seventh wedding anniversaryin February.1886James Henry Garnett is dean of the AmericanBaptist Theological Seminary. He occupies thechair of theology and teaches New TestamentGreek and Old Testament Hebrew.1887C. L. Fisher, D.B., teaches in the theologicaldepartment of Sehna University, Sehna, Ala.1895Frank A. Case is preacher at Galilee BaptistChurch in Des Moines, Iowa. He has preparedhis own text books to use in his Bible classes.1912John F. Catlin, A.M. 'n, is general missionary for the Baptist State Convention in Iowa.1916Charles T. Holman, D.B., recently publishedthrough the University of Chicago Press, "TheCure of Souls."1922Elmer Guy Cutshall, Ph.D., is now chancellorof Nebraska Wesleyan University at Lincoln,Nebraska. He was president of Iliff School ofTheology at Denver until this appointment,which came in July, 1932.1924A. R. Van Cleave, A.M., is professor of education at Southern Union College, Wadley, Ala.1926James T. Carlyon, Ph.D., is professor of NewTestament Interpretation at Iliff School ofTheology. He has also been preaching andconducting special classes in the city of Denver.1928William H. Bernhardt, Ph.D., is professor ofChristian Theology and ethics at the Iliff School of Theology. In addition to an unusual numberof speaking engagements last year he foundtime to publish several articles.1930Alfred W. Hurst, A.M. '27, D.B., is pastorof Pilgrim Congregational Church at Chattanooga, Tenn.i93iS. A. Bennett, A.M. '23, is vice president andprofessor of Bible and Religious Education atSouthern Union College.School of Business1923J. D. Craig, A.M., writes from Buffalo that heis still with Spender, Kellogg and Sons, Inc., inthe same executive position as before, but thatthe scope of his duties has broadened to includedirection of legislative activities and tariffmatters affecting the drying oils industry andthe Philippine coconut oil crushing industry, twolines of work in which his company holds adominant position. "I have had an active partin framing recent Philippine Independence Legislation, my efforts being directed in the interestof obtaining trade restriction on Philippineproducts of the least possible severity. In recognition of this work, I have been asked by certainFilipino leaders if I would be willing to serveon the President's special economic commissioncreated under the terms of this Independence Actfor the purpose of studying and then recommending the type of trade relations which should prevail between the respective countries after independence becomes established."1930David J. Baron is in the commercial department of Lincoln high school and in the eveningschool at Rockford, 111.Education1929Ezra Parker Whitton writes as Pastor of theCommunity Church of Keystone, S. Dak., thathe is finding the depression, which is prettycomplete in his part of the country, a real opportunity to find out that happiness can existwithout visible means of support in his community !Social Service AdministrationFacultyDean Edith Abbott, Ph.D. '05, spoke at anopen meeting of the Milwaukee Chapter of theAmerican Association of Social Workers in Mayon the subject of future public relief standards.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 39iBROKERS FISHClark G. (Skee) Sauer '12 C. P. (Buck) Freeman '13WithJAMES E. BENNETT & COMPANYStocks — Bonds — Grain — CottonMembers: New York and Chicago Stock Exchanges,Chicago Board of Trade, All Principal Markets332 So. LaSalle St. Telephone Wabash 2740P H. Davis, '11 H. I. Markham, 'Ex. '06R. W. Davis, '16 F. B. Evans, '11 W. M. Giblin, '23PAUL H. DAVIS & CO.MembersNew York Stock Exchange Chicago Stock Exchange37 So. LaSalle St. Franklin 8622CHEMICAL ENGINEERSAlbert K. Epstein, '12EPSTEIN REYNOLDS and HARRISConsulting Chemists and Engineers5 S. Wabash Ave. ChicagoTel. Cent. 4286CEMETERIESOAK WOODS CEMETERY1035 E. 67th St. at Greenwood Ave.Fairfax 0140Irrevocable Perpetual CharterCrematory — GreenhousesCOAL5900 STEWART 3952AUBURN COAL & MATERIAL CO.COAL- COKE- BUILDING MATERIAL7443 So. Racine Ave. ChicagoCONTRACTORSRALPH RENWICKBuilding and General Alterations540 PhoneN. Michigan Ave. Sup. 4072ELEVATORSRELIANCE ELEVATOR CO.PASSENGER AND FREIGHTELEVATORSFor Every Purpose212 W. Austin Ave. ChicagoFENCESANCHOR POST FENCE CO.Ornamental Iron Chain Link Rustic WoodFences tor Campus, Tennis Court, Estate, Suburban Home orIndustrial plantFrit Advisory Sirvict and Estimattt Furnisbid646 N. MICHIGAN BLVD. SUPERIOR 1367 J. A. DAVIS FISH CO.Specialize in Supplying Hotels, Restaurants, Hospitals,Institutions. Fresh Caught Direct From the Fisherman.211 N. Union Ave. Phone Haymarket 1495FILLING STATIONSROSCOE LAYMANFILLING STATION92nd Street and So. Chicago Ave.PHONE SO. CHICAGO 1163FLOWERS^^ Phones: Plaza (CHICAGOESTABLISHED 1865LOWERSPhones: Plaza 6444, 6445 1631 East 55th StreetFRUIT AND VEGETABLESCOHEN and COMPANYWholesaleFRUIT — VEGETABLES — POULTRY211 South Water MarketPhones Haymarket 0808 to 0816GARAGESCapacity 350 Cars FireproofFairchild Garage Co.5546 Lake Park Ave.Thru to Harper Ave.PHONE HYDE PARK 1275Dependable ServiceINSURANCEC. F. AXELSON, '07Chartered Life UnderwriterREPRESENTINGThe Northwestern Mutual Life Ins. Co.209 So. LaSalle St. Tel. State 0633LAUNDRIESFidelity Morgan Service, Inc.''Better Laundry Work"Branch 1015 East 61st StreetPhone Calumet 1906LITHOGRAPHINGL. C. MEAD 'ii E. J. CHALIFOUX 'aiPHOTOPRESS, INCPlanograph — Offset — Printing71 J So. LaSalle St. Harrison 3624392 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEGraduates and Former StudentsFlorence May Warner, Ph.D. '33, has beenappointed Director of the newly establishedDepartment of Public Welfare of Arizona.Harriett Byrne, A.M. '33, continues as expertspecial agent of the Woman's Bureau, UnitedStates Department of Labor.Marion Hathway, A.M. '28, Ph.D. '33, is anAssociate Professor of Social Work in the University of Pittsburgh.Professor Arthur L. Beeley, A.M. '18, Ph.D.'25, of the University of Utah, who has beencarrying on a piece of research in England thisyear, recently gave evidence at the Home Officein London before a departmental committee of theBoard of Control (Mental Institutions) regarding the status of eugenical sterilization in theUnited States.Evelyn Heacox Wilson, A.M. '29, is assistantdistrict secretary of Warren District FamilyWelfare Society of Boston.Leora Larson Conner '26, formerly case workerfor the United Charities of Chicago, is nowExecutive Secretary of the Family Welfare Society of Memphis, Tenn. Mrs. Conner reada very interesting paper on "Maintenance ofStandards in Relief Agencies" at the recentmeeting of the Tennessee Conference of SocialWork at Chattanooga.Esther Nichols, ex, is secretary of the Welfare Bureau and chief probation officer at Sheboygan, Wis.Wilhelmina Piehler, ex, '10 is teaching in theWest Harvey Public Schools, but writes thatshe has not lost her old interest in social servicework.Donald Hartzell, ex, '27 is a junior economicanalyst in the U. S. Children's Bureau at Washington.Martha Andrew, ex, '29, is case worker forthe county organization in the state departmentof public welfare at Atlanta, Ga.EngagementsVirginia Russell, '34, to Paul Stagg, '32.MarriagesCharles Andrew McNabb, '27, J.D. '28, toRuth H. Sawyer, November 12, 1932, Chicago;at home, 448 South Ashland, LaGrange, 111.Margaret E. Pollard, '28, to Walter A. Praxl,'24, J.D. '28, December 27, 1932.Ludvig G. Browman, '28, to Audra ElizabethArnold, 1933.Helen E. Eaton, '31, to Robert McKinlay, '29,J.D. '32, Bond Chapel, Chicago, June 3, 1933.Jack C. Anderson, '31, to Sarah Falzoneof theLibrary Staff, September 5, 1932. Mary Lucille Hill to Allen White Sayler, >3IMay 12, 1933, Bond Chapel; at home, 451 BeldenAve., Chicago.BirthsTo Hugo L. Blomquist, '16, Ph.D. '21, andMrs. Blomquist, a daughter, Betty, November 251932, Durham, N. Car.To Adolph J. Radosta, Jr., '23, J.D. '25, andMrs. Radosta, a daughter, Barbara Anne, April5, 1933, Berwyn, 111.To Felix Caruso, '25, and Mrs. Caruso(Dorothy Willis, '25) a son, April 26, 1933,Chicago.To Clemmy O. Miller, Ph.D. '26, and Mrs.Miller, a son, Philip Clement, March 23, 1933,Chicago.To Paul C. Cullom, '26, and Mrs. Cullom(Esther Harding, '27) a son, George Harding,April 12, 1933, Indianapolis, Ind.To W. E. Sturgeon, Ph.D. '29, and Mrs.Sturgeon (Mary Strieker, A.M. '28) a daughter,Mary Elizabeth, March 19, 1933.To Robert G. Reed, LL.B. '30, and Mrs. Reed,(Dorothy Tyler, '31) a son, Robert Tyler, May20, 1933, New York.DeathsUriah M. Chaille, '73, at Royal Oak, Michigan,March 21, 1933. Mr. Chaille was one of thegraduates of the Old University, and had leada most active life all his 84 years, as a memberof his community and as a loyal alumnus of theUniversity.J. H. McCune, M.D. '74, November 30, 1932,Kirkville, Iowa.John King Winer, M.D. '84, May 14, 1933,Chicago.Frederick S. Hartman, M.D. '85, March 17,1933-David C. Atkinson, Ph.M. '94, August 10,i93i-Benjamin A. Arnold, M.D. '95, November 24,1932, Freeport, 111.G. DeVere Miller, M.D. '02, February 16,1933, Cadillac, Mich.Laura E. W. Benedict, '00, A. M. '04, 1933.Charles F. Roby, '00, May 24, 1933, Chicago.Alfred W. Wishart, '97, April, 1933, GrandRapids, Mich. Dr. Wishart was pastor of theFountain Street Baptist Church and was widelyknown to many alumni. He was a graduate ofthe first class of the Divinity School of the university.Florence Holland Mills, Ed. B. '08, May, 1933.Melva Latham, '14, May 1933, Long Beach,Cal.Lionel Nightingale, J.D. '15, April, 1933*Poughkeepsie, N. Y.James Snitzler, ex, '20, May 29, 1933, Chicago.John Cary, '17, July 11, 1931, Cheltenham,England.MONUMENTSPhone Monroe 5058 Established 1889C. CILELLA & SONMONUMENTS AND MAUSOLEUMSRock of Ages and Guardian MemorialsWe Erect Work Anywhere 723-25 W. Taylor StreetPAINTINGEstablished 1851 Incorporated 1891Geo. D. Milligan CompanyPainting and Decorating Contractors2309 South Parkway Tel. Cal. 5665GEORGE ERHARDT and Sons, Inc.Painting — Decorating — Wood Finishing3123 PhoneLake Street Kedzie 3186PLASTERINGHoward F. 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Call.SHIPPING AND STORAGEMOVING — STORAGE — SHIPPINGPacking and Baggage TransferSTROMBERG BROTHERS1316 East 61st StreetPhones Dorchester 3211 and 3416VENTILATINGTHE HAINES COMPANYVentilating Contractors1929-1937 West Lake St.PHONES SEELEY 2765 - 2766 - 2767OPICY leaves ofTURKISH tobaccoare strung to dryand cure in the sun.vie//, /Aafs somemim?aoout c/j?are//es J never xnew oe/oreX'd never thought much aboutwhat's inside a Chesterfield cigarette.But I have just been reading something that made me think about it.Just think of this, some of thetobacco in Chesterfield — the Turkish — comes from 4000 miles away!And before it is shipped every singleleaf is packed by hand. All becauseTurkish tobacco is so small anddelicate.Of course I don't know muchabout making cigarettes, but I doknow this — that Chesterfields are© 1933, Liggett & Myers Tobacco Co. milder and have a very pleasinsaroma and taste. They satisfy — andthat's what counts with me!